source stringlengths 32 209 | text stringlengths 18 1.5k |
|---|---|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan%20Donchev | Stefan Donchev (; born 28 August 1975 in Varna) is a former Bulgarian footballer who played as a defender.
Career statistics
As of 23 December 2010
References
1975 births
Living people
Bulgarian men's footballers
First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players
PFC Ludogorets Razgrad players
FC Spartak Varna players
PFC Levski Sofia players
FC Atyrau players
FC Lokomotiv 1929 Sofia players
Bulgarian expatriate sportspeople in Kazakhstan
Expatriate men's footballers in Kazakhstan
Men's association football defenders
Footballers from Varna, Bulgaria |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed%2097.5%20FM | Seed 97.5 FM () is a radio station owned and operated by MCOT and based in Bangkok, Thailand. It broadcasts over the 97.5 MHz FM frequency in the Greater Bangkok area, and is repeated nationwide through MCOT Radio's regional network.
Seed 97.5 FM ceased broadcasting on 1 January 2017. It was replaced by 97.5 Keep It Mellow.
References
External links
Official website
Radio stations in Thailand
Mass media in Bangkok
Defunct radio stations |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otterwisch | Otterwisch is a municipality in the Leipzig district in Saxony, Germany.
Geography and transport
The town is situated about 12 km southwest of Grimma and 10 km northeast of Borna. The Leipzig–Geithain railroad passes through the town and the national road B 176 transverses the south of the parish.
History
The first documented mention of Otterwisch was in 1269. The meaning of the place name is not known for certain but may be derived from Otter Wiese (otter meadow). Großbuch is a part of Otterwisch since 1970. Its foundation dates back to the year 1104 and Wiprecht of Groitzsch. Its central point is the church in whose massive tower three valuable bronze bells from pre-Reformation times still function.
Großbuch was the scene of witch trials in the period 1488–1489.
Sights of interest
Otterwisch House is in private ownership and is being renovated. It was built between 1727 and 1730 by Duchess Rahel Charlotte Vitzthum von Eckstädt in the Baroque style. It belonged to the von Arnim family from 1904 to 1945.
References
Leipzig (district) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intraventricular%20hemorrhage | Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), also known as intraventricular bleeding, is a bleeding into the brain's ventricular system, where the cerebrospinal fluid is produced and circulates through towards the subarachnoid space. It can result from physical trauma or from hemorrhagic stroke.
30% of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) are primary, confined to the ventricular system and typically caused by intraventricular trauma, aneurysm, vascular malformations, or tumors, particularly of the choroid plexus. However 70% of IVH are secondary in nature, resulting from an expansion of an existing intraparenchymal or subarachnoid hemorrhage. Intraventricular hemorrhage has been found to occur in 35% of moderate to severe traumatic brain injuries. Thus the hemorrhage usually does not occur without extensive associated damage, and so the outcome is rarely good.
Symptoms
Adults
Symptoms of IVH are similar to other intracerebral hemorrhages and include sudden onset of headache, nausea and vomiting, together with an alteration
of the mental state and/or level of consciousness. Focal neurological signs are either minimal or absent, but focal and/or generalized seizures may occur. Xanthochromia, yellow-tinged CSF, is the rule.
Infants
Some infants are asymptomatic and others may present with hard to detect abnormalities of consciousness, muscle tone, breathing, movements of their eyes, and body movements.
Causes
Adults
Causes of IVH in adults include physical trauma or from hemorrha |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masanada%20Hoovu | Masanada Hoovu () is a 1985 Indian Kannada language film directed by Puttanna Kanagal, based on T. R. Subba Rao's novel of the same name. It stars Jayanthi, Ambareesh, Hema Choudhary and Aparna. It was Puttanna Kanagal's last as a director. His friend and long time associate, director K. S. L. Swamy, completed the film. Masanada Hoovu won multiple awards at the 1985-86 Karnataka State Film Awards including Best Actress (Jayanthi) and Best Supporting Actor.
Padma Vasanthi had originally been signed to play one of the roles and even learnt roller skating for the same. After his death, the same role was enacted by Vijayalakshmi Singh and a bicycle replaced the roller skates. Chandrika who would become a lead actress in the 90s has played a small role in the movie under her real name Sribharathi.
Cast
Jayanthi as Taradevi
Ambareesh as Singaru
Hema Choudhary as Amba
Aparna as Parvati
Lokanath
Mukhyamantri Chandru
Doddanna
Vijayalakshmi Singh as Shanta
Sihi Kahi Geetha as Hema
Chandrika (credited as Sriharathi) as Saroja
Soundtrack
Awards
Karnataka State Film Awards 1985-86
Best Actress – Jayanthi
Best Supporting Actor – Ambareesh
Best Dialogue Writer – T. G. Ashwatha Narayana
Best Cinematographer – S. Maruthi Rao
Best Sound Recording – C. D. Vishwanath
Special Award (Art Director) – Arun D. Godgaonkar
References
External links
1980s Kannada-language films
Films based on Indian novels
Films directed by Puttanna Kanagal
Films scored by Vijaya Bhaskar |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugine | Ugine (; ) is a commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.
Geography
Climate
Ugine has a oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb). The average annual temperature in Ugine is . The average annual rainfall is with December as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around , and lowest in January, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Ugine was on 13 August 2003; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 5 February 2012.
Population
See also
Communes of the Savoie department
References
External links
Official site
Communes of Savoie |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel%2016%20VHF | Channel 16 VHF (156.8 MHz) is a marine VHF radio frequency designated as an international distress frequency. Primarily intended for distress, urgency and safety priority calls, the frequency may also carry routine calls used to establish communication before switching to another working channel.
Authorized usage
The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has established VHF channel 16 (156.8 MHz) as a distress, safety and calling channel, and it is monitored 24 hours a day by many coast guards around the world.
Radio watchkeeping regulations advise all sea bound vessels to monitor channel 16 VHF when sailing, except when communicating on other marine channels for legitimate business or operational reasons. Coast guards and others are permitted to broadcast short informative safety messages on channel 16; however, it is an offence in most countries to make false "mayday" calls. When using the channel to call up ships or shore stations, the call has to be switched to a working channel after the initial response in order to keep channel 16 available to others.
See also
2,182 kHz
Filipino Monkey
References
Distress signals
Emergency communication
International telecommunications
Maritime communication
Rescue |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulf%20Berg | Ulf Berg (born 1957) is a Swedish politician of the Moderate Party. He was a member of the Riksdag from 2006 to 2016, representing Dalarna County. Following the 2014 elections, he became his party's spokesperson on rural affairs.
After ten years in the Riksdag, Berg chose to step back from national politics and from September 2016 to October 2018, he was one of the two opposition leaders of the Moderate Party in the Dalarna County Council. Since October 2018, Berg is president of the Dalarna County Executive Board after ending 92 years of unbroken Social Democratic rule.
Berg had previously sat in Avesta municipal council.
References
Members of the Riksdag from the Moderate Party
Living people
1957 births |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabsch%20algorithm | The Kabsch algorithm, also known as the Kabsch-Umeyama algorithm, named after Wolfgang Kabsch and Shinji Umeyama, is a method for calculating the optimal rotation matrix that minimizes the RMSD (root mean squared deviation) between two paired sets of points. It is useful for point-set registration in computer graphics, and in cheminformatics and bioinformatics to compare molecular and protein structures (in particular, see root-mean-square deviation (bioinformatics)).
The algorithm only computes the rotation matrix, but it also requires the computation of a translation vector. When both the translation and rotation are actually performed, the algorithm is sometimes called partial Procrustes superimposition (see also orthogonal Procrustes problem).
Description
Let and be two sets, each containing points in . For simplicity, we will consider the three-dimensional case ().
The sets and can each be represented by matrices with the first row containing the coordinates of the first point, the second row containing the coordinates of the second point, and so on, as shown in this matrix:
The algorithm works in three steps: a translation, the computation of a covariance matrix, and the computation of the optimal rotation matrix.
Translation
Both sets of coordinates must be translated first, so that their centroid coincides with the origin of the coordinate system. This is done by subtracting from the point coordinates of the respective centroid.
Computation of the cova |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebulette | Nebulette is a cardiac-specific isoform belonging to the nebulin family of proteins. It is encoded by the NEBL gene. This family is composed of 5 members: nebulette, nebulin, N-RAP, LASP-1 and LASP-2. Nebulette localizes to Z-discs of cardiac muscle and appears to regulate the length of actin thin filaments.
Structure
Nebulette is a 116.4 kDa protein composed of 1014 amino acids. As a member of the nebulin family of proteins, nebulette is characterized by 35 amino acid stretches of ‘‘nebulin repeats’’, which are actin binding domains containing a conserved SDxxYK motif. Like nebulin, nebulette has an acidic region with unknown structure at its N-terminus, and a serine-rich region adjacent to an SH3 domain at its C-terminus. Though nebulette shares structural features with nebulin, nebulin is expressed preferentially in skeletal muscle and has an enormous size (600-900 kDa), while nebulette is expressed in cardiac muscle at Z-disc regions and is significantly smaller (roughly 1/6 of the size). Nebulette interacts with actin, tropomyosin, alpha-actinin. Xin, and XIRP2.
Function
Nebulette was identified in 1995 by Moncman and Wang using primary cultures of chicken embryonic cardiomyocytes by immunoprecipitations with certain anti-nebulin monoclonal antibodies. Normal expression of nebulette is essential for the assembly and contractile function of myofibrils. Specifically, nebulette appears to regulate the stability and length of actin thin filaments, as well as beating |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SH3BP2 | SH3BP2 (SH3 domain-binding protein 2) is a protein that comes from a gene located on Chromosome 4. SH3BP2 binds differentially to the SH3 domains of certain proteins of signal transduction pathways. It binds to phosphatidylinositols linking the hemopoietic tyrosine kinase fes to the cytoplasmic membrane in a phosphorylation dependent mechanism. It is also associated with cherubism.
See also
SH3 domain
External links
GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Cherubism
Genetics Home Reference on SH3BP2 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential%20coefficient | In physics, the differential coefficient of a function f(x) is what is now called its derivative df(x)/dx, the (not necessarily constant) multiplicative factor or coefficient of the differential dx in the differential df(x).
A coefficient is usually a constant quantity, but the differential coefficient of f is a constant function only if f is a linear function. When f is not linear, its differential coefficient is a function, call it , derived by the differentiation of f, hence, the modern term, derivative.
The older usage is now rarely seen.
Early editions of Silvanus P. Thompson's Calculus Made Easy use the older term. In his 1998 update of this text, Martin Gardner lets the first use of "differential coefficient" stand, along with Thompson's criticism of the term as a needlessly obscure phrase that should not intimidate students, and substitutes "derivative" for the remainder of the book.
Mathematical analysis
Differential calculus
Functions and mappings |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grave%20and%20acute | In some schools of phonetics, sounds are distinguished as grave or acute. This is primarily a perceptual classification, based on whether the sounds are perceived as sharp, high intensity, or as dull, low intensity. However, it can also be defined acoustically (acute sounds have a concentration of energy in the higher spectrum, versus grave which has a concentration of energy in the lower spectrum) or in terms of the articulations involved.
Acute sounds generally have high perceptual intensity, and in the case of consonants have been defined as those with an active articulation involving the tongue and a passive articulation involving anywhere on the roof of the mouth that a coronal articulation can reach, that is, from the to the region.
Grave sounds are all other sounds, that is, those involving the lips as either passive or active articulator, or those involving any articulation in the soft palate or throat.
Most acute sounds are , and most coronals are acute. In particular, palatal consonants are acute but not coronal, while linguolabial consonants are coronal but not acute. The distinction can be useful in diachronic linguistics, as conditional sound changes often act differently on acute and grave consonants, consonants are highly likely to preserve their acuteness/graveness through sound change; and changes between acute and grave can often be well circumscribed. (For example, palatalization applied to back grave consonants usually produces acute consonants. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HPLH1 | HPLH1 is a protein associated with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 1. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNC13D | Protein unc-13 homolog D, also known as munc13-4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UNC13D gene.
Function
Munc13-4 is a member of the UNC13 family, containing similar domain structure as other family members but lacking an N-terminal phorbol ester-binding C1 domain present in other Munc13 proteins. The protein appears to play a role in vesicle maturation during exocytosis and is involved in regulation of cytolytic granules secretion.
Munc13-4 is an essential protein in the intracellular trafficking and exocytosis of lytic granules. It is targeted to CD63 positive secretory lysosomes. The C-terminal C2 domain of the protein is involved in this process.
Clinical significance
Mutations in the UNC13D gene are associated with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 3.
References
Further reading
External links |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability%20Sun | Probability Sun is a 2001 science fiction novel by American writer Nancy Kress, a sequel to her 2000 publication Probability Moon. It was followed in 2002 by Probability Space, which won the John W. Campbell Memorial Award.
The novel concerns a military expedition to the planet World, where aliens live who have developed a strange form of telepathy or collective unconscious, "shared reality", which causes piercing "head-pain" whenever "Worlders" attempt to hold strongly differing opinions. However, the expedition concerns a crash-landed alien artifact in the planet's crust which has uncharted powers, and may be the key to humanity winning a war against the "Fallers", a genocidal alien race.
Setting
The Probability trilogy takes place in a galaxy that has been colonized by humans. This was made possible by the space tunnels, a network of FTL warp gates that were created by a now-lost progenitor race. Humanity is not united under a common government and political system; instead, the various governments in the Solar System and beyond have united as the "Solar Alliance Defense Network" in light of the war against the Fallers. The Terrans have also discovered a number of alien races, most of them vastly similar in body format, living conditions and even DNA, leading to the hypothesis that the aforementioned progenitor race seeded the galaxy with sentient life, which then evolved according to the conditions on each planet. Of the known alien races, humanity is the only one |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure-correction%20method | Pressure-correction method is a class of methods used in computational fluid dynamics for numerically solving the Navier-Stokes equations normally for incompressible flows.
Common properties
The equations solved in this approach arise from the implicit time integration of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations.
Due to the non-linearity of the convective term in the momentum equation that is written above, this problem is solved with a nested-loop approach. While so called global
or inner iterations represent the real time-steps and are used to update the variables and , based on a linearized system, and boundary conditions; there is also an outer loop for updating the coefficients of the linearized system.
The outer iterations comprise two steps:
Solve the momentum equation for a provisional velocity based on the velocity and pressure of the previous outer loop.
Plug the new newly obtained velocity into the continuity equation to obtain a correction.
The correction for the velocity that is obtained from the second equation one has with incompressible flow, the non-divergence criterion or continuity equation
is computed by first calculating a residual value , resulting from spurious mass flux, then using this mass imbalance to get a new pressure value. The pressure value that is attempted to compute, is such that when plugged into momentum equations a divergence-free velocity field results. The mass imbalance is often also used for control of the outer loop.
Th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavel%20Har%C3%A7ik | Pavel Harçik (born 5 April 1979) is a former Turkmenistani professional football goalkeeper. He is ethnically Russian.
Career statistics
Club
International
Statistics accurate as of match played 18 April 2009
References
External links
1979 births
Living people
FC Rubin Kazan players
Turkmenistan men's footballers
Turkmenistan expatriate men's footballers
Turkmenistan men's international footballers
Nisa Aşgabat players
FC Anzhi Makhachkala players
Turkmenistan expatriate sportspeople in Russia
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia
Russian Premier League players
Turkmenistan expatriate sportspeople in Azerbaijan
Expatriate men's footballers in Azerbaijan
FC AGMK players
Sportspeople from Dushanbe
Turkmenistan people of Russian descent
Footballers at the 2002 Asian Games
FC Kristall Smolensk players
Men's association football goalkeepers
FC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk players
Karvan FK players
Asian Games competitors for Turkmenistan |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doob%27s%20martingale%20convergence%20theorems | In mathematicsspecifically, in the theory of stochastic processesDoob's martingale convergence theorems are a collection of results on the limits of supermartingales, named after the American mathematician Joseph L. Doob. Informally, the martingale convergence theorem typically refers to the result that any supermartingale satisfying a certain boundedness condition must converge. One may think of supermartingales as the random variable analogues of non-increasing sequences; from this perspective, the martingale convergence theorem is a random variable analogue of the monotone convergence theorem, which states that any bounded monotone sequence converges. There are symmetric results for submartingales, which are analogous to non-decreasing sequences.
Statement for discrete-time martingales
A common formulation of the martingale convergence theorem for discrete-time martingales is the following. Let be a supermartingale. Suppose that the supermartingale is bounded in the sense that
where is the negative part of , defined by . Then the sequence converges almost surely to a random variable with finite expectation.
There is a symmetric statement for submartingales with bounded expectation of the positive part. A supermartingale is a stochastic analogue of a non-increasing sequence, and the condition of the theorem is analogous to the condition in the monotone convergence theorem that the sequence be bounded from below. The condition that the martingale is bounded is essenti |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronized%20swimming%20at%20the%202007%20Pan%20American%20Games | The Synchronized Swimming Competition at the 2007 Pan American Games took place at the Maria Lenk Aquatic Park. Only women's events were held.
Final classification
Teams
Duets
References
2007
2007 in synchronized swimming
Events at the 2007 Pan American Games |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DAX1 | DAX1 (dosage-sensitive sex reversal, adrenal hypoplasia critical region, on chromosome X, gene 1) is a nuclear receptor protein that in humans is encoded by the NR0B1 gene (nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 1). The NR0B1 gene is located on the short (p) arm of the X chromosome between bands Xp21.3 and Xp21.2, from base pair 30,082,120 to base pair 30,087,136.
Function
This gene encodes a protein that lacks the normal DNA-binding domain contained in other nuclear receptors. The encoded protein acts as a dominant-negative regulator of transcription of other nuclear receptors including steroidogenic factor 1. This protein also functions as an anti-testis gene by acting antagonistically to SRY. Mutations in this gene result in both X-linked congenital adrenal hypoplasia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
DAX1 plays an important role in the normal development of several hormone-producing tissues. These tissues include the adrenal glands above each kidney, the pituitary gland and hypothalamus, which are located in the brain, and the reproductive structures (the testes and ovaries). DAX1 controls the activity of certain genes in the cells that form these tissues during embryonic development. Proteins that control the activity of other genes are known as transcription factors. DAX1 also plays a role in regulating hormone production in these tissues after they have been formed.
Role in disease
X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita is caused by mutations in the NR0B1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20hop%20latent%20virus | American hop latent virus (AHLV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Betaflexiviridae. Its genome is about 8,600 nucleotides in length with a 3'-polyadenylate tail that contains a total of six open reading frames.
References
External links
ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: American hop latent virus
Family Groups - The Baltimore Method
Carlaviruses
Viral plant pathogens and diseases
Hop diseases |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fokker%20V.17 | The Fokker V.17 and its derivatives were a series of experimental monoplane Fighter aircraft produced by the Dutch aircraft company Fokker in the 1910s.
V.17, was a shoulder cantilever-winged monoplane with plywood covering. 82 kW (110 hp) Oberursel engine.
V.20, was a cantilever mid-winged fighter with plywood covering and was powered by a 119 kW (160 hp) Mercedes D IIIa engine. It was similar to the V.17.
V.21 was much like the V.20 except the wings were tapered.
V.23 was related to the V.20 and V.21. It was evaluated by the German Army and rejected due to poor forward visibility (presumably on landing). The V.23 was powered by a 119 kW (160 hp) Mercedes III engine, was 5.8 m (19 ft) long, had a wingspan of 8.73 m (28.64 ft), a height of 2.65 m (8.69 ft). The wing area was 11.12 m² (119.69 ft²), the empty weight was 673 kg (1,484 lb), maximum weight 853 kg (1,881 lb). The maximum speed of the V.23 was 200 km/h (124 mph). Armament was two 7.92 mm (.312 in) machine guns.
V.25 was plywood-covered, with a low cantilever wing. It powered by an Oberursel Ur. II of 82 kW (110 hp). The aircraft was underpowered. V.25 was 5.93 m (18.46 ft) long, had a wing span of 8.73 m (28.64 ft) and was 2.63 m (8.63 ft) high. Its wing area was 11.12 m² (119.69 ft²), empty weight was 383 kg (844 lb), and had a maximum weight of 584 kg (1,287 lb).
Bibliography
V.17
1910s German fighter aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Rotary-engined aircraft |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAT | SOAT may refer to
SOAT1, an enzyme and human gene on chromosome 1
SOAT2, an enzyme and human gene on chromosome 12
Sudan Organisation Against Torture, a London-based human rights group
Snakes on a Train, a 2006 thriller film |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barley%20stripe%20mosaic%20virus | Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV), of genus Hordevirus, is an RNA viral plant pathogen whose main hosts are barley and wheat. The common symptoms for BSMV are yellow streaks or spots, mosaic, leaves and stunted growth. It is spread primarily through infected seed and can be spread through mechanical transfer of an infected and uninfected host. Plants infected with BSMV are more symptomatic in warmer temperatures. Resistant hosts and sterilization of equipment are the best ways to control the spread of the pathogen. BSMV has been known to reduce the yields of barley by up to 25%, but is not a major problem because of resistant varieties of barley.
Host and symptoms
Barley stripe mosaic virus has a narrow host range. Horedum vulgare, commonly known as barley, is the main host for the virus. BSMV can also infect wheat, Triticum aestivum. Very rarely, BSMV can be seen in wild oats along with rye, maize, rice, sorghum, and millet. In experimental conditions, spinach, beetroot, and tobacco were able to be infected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a useful tool that can differentiate between similar strains of barley stripe mosaic virus and provide quantitative results. ELISA works by using antibodies that are specific for a particular virus and the antibody-antigen interaction is mediated by a solid surface, which is usually a polystyrene multiwell plate.
Common symptoms of BSMV are yellow to white mottling, spotting and streaking, necrosis and severe mo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrna | Syrna () is a mountain village and a community in the municipal unit of Trikolonoi, western Arcadia, Greece. Syrna is situated on a mountain slope above the right bank of the river Alfeios, at about 800 m elevation. In 2011 Syrna had a population of 60 for the village and 62 for the community, which includes the village Ano Kalyvia. Syrna is 2 km northwest of Palamari, 4 km southeast of Elliniko, 6 km northeast of Karytaina and 6 km southeast of Stemnitsa.
Population
See also
List of settlements in Arcadia
References
External links
History and information about Syrna
Syrna on the GTP Travel Pages
Trikolones
Gortynia
Populated places in Arcadia, Peloponnese |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beet%20curly%20top%20virus | Beet curly top virus (BCTV) is a pathogenic plant virus of the family Geminiviridae, containing a single-stranded DNA. The family Geminiviridae consists of nine genera (Becurtovirus, Begomovirus, Capulavirus, Curtovirus, Eragrovirus, Grablovirus, Mastrevirus, Topocuvirus, Turncurtovirus) based on their host range, virus genome structure, and type of insect vector. BCTV is a Curtovirus affecting hundreds of plants. The only known vector is the beet leafhopper, which is native to the Western United States.
History
Beet curly top virus was first discovered in 1888 in the Western parts of the United States. The virus wasn't fully recognized until 1907 when people started to realize that the virus was affecting their crops which led to increasing yield loss. As the BCTV began to surface and multiply within the United States, it affected many states (California, Idaho, Utah, and Washington) located in the Western area. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), many crops were destroyed from the disease and led to a considerable economic loss. The BCTV has also been known to affect other countries including Mexico, South America, and the Old World (the Mediterranean basin and the Middle East).
Structure
BCTV contains a single-stranded circular DNA that is encapsulated in a twinned icosahedral capsid. The virus DNA contains a monopartite genome that is made up of three viral sense and four complementary open reading frames (ORF). The ORF Complementary 1 (C1) contains |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmar%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201980%29 | Osmar Aparecido de Azevedo or simply Osmar (born March 27, 1980 in Marília), is a Brazilian striker. He is also known in his native Brazil by the nickname Cambalhota ("Backflip").
Club statistics
Honours
Santo André
Brazilian Cup: 2004
Grêmio
Brazilian Série B: 2005
Palmeiras
Campeonato Paulista: 2008
External links
sambafoot
Guardian Stats Centre
zerozero.pt
palmeiras.globo.com
CBF
globoesporte
sopalmeiras
1980 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Marília
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Japan
Expatriate men's footballers in Mexico
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
J1 League players
Liga MX players
São Paulo state football team players
Rio Branco Esporte Clube players
União São João Esporte Clube players
Esporte Clube Santo André players
Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras players
Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense players
Atlético Morelia players
Oita Trinita players
Fortaleza Esporte Clube players
Esporte Clube Vitória players
Guaratinguetá Futebol players
Men's association football forwards
Footballers from São Paulo (state) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidation%20%28geology%29 | In geology, consolidation is used in several senses:
Lithification, the overall process of conversion of loose sediments to solid rock.
Any other process in which loose or fluid material becomes solid rock, such as solidification of magma.
Compaction (geology), the decrease in volume and increase in density of sediments as the weight of overlying sediments increases, mineral grains move to more compact arrangements, and pore water is expelled. The term is particularly used for soil consolidation.
Rarely, as a term for the conversion of a mobile belt to a rigid part of a continental platform; an orogeny.
References
Geological processes
Sedimentary rocks |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Available%20expression | In the field of compiler optimizations, available expressions is an analysis algorithm that determines for each point in the program the set of expressions that need not be recomputed. Those expressions are said to be available at such a point. To be available on a program point, the operands of the expression should not be modified on any path from the occurrence of that expression to the program point.
The analysis is an example of a forward data flow analysis problem. A set of available expressions is maintained. Each statement is analysed to see whether it changes the operands of one or more available expressions. This yields sets of available expressions at the end of each basic block, known as the outset in data flow analysis terms. An expression is available at the start of a basic block if it is available at the end of each of the basic block's predecessors. This gives a set of equations in terms of available sets, which can be solved by an iterative algorithm.
Available expression analysis is used to do global common subexpression elimination (CSE). If an expression is available at a point, there is no need to re-evaluate it.
References
Aho, Sethi & Ullman: Compilers – Principles, Techniques, and Tools Addison-Wesley Publishing Company 1986
Compiler optimizations
Data-flow analysis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20List%20Index | Summary of 2006 IUCN Red List categories.
The Red List Index (RLI), based on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, is an indicator of the changing state of global biodiversity. It defines the conservation status of major species groups, and measures trends in extinction risk over time. By conducting conservation assessments at regular intervals, changes in the threat status of species in a taxonomic group can be used to monitor trends in extinction risk. RLIs have been calculated for birds and amphibians, using changes in threat status for species in each of the groups.
As well as taxonomic groups, RLIs can show trends in extinction risk according to biogeographic realm, habitat type, and dominant threat process.
Sampled approach
Producing indices of change in extinction risk by comprehensively assessing whole species groups, while feasible for well studied groups with relatively few species, is not suitable for all taxonomic groups. Assessing every species in the larger and lesser known groups which comprise the majority of the world’s biodiversity, such as fungi, invertebrates (particularly insects) and plants, is not practical.
The Red List Index (sampled approach) (SRLI) has been developed in order to determine the threat status and also trends of lesser-known and less charismatic species groups. It is a collaboration between IUCN members and is coordinated through the Institute of Zoology (IoZ), the research division of the Zoological Society of London (ZSL). Th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elmos%20Semiconductor | Elmos Semiconductor SE is a German manufacturer of semiconductor products headquartered in Dortmund, Germany.
Elmos supplies automotive application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs).
History
1984 - Founded in Dortmund, Germany
1985 - 32 employees, 0.4 M DM turnover, Installation of 4" Wafer Fab in Dortmund
1994 - DIN ISO 9001 certificate
1998 - 460 employees, 140 M DM turnover. Complete supply from new 6" line
1999 - IPO to new market, Frankfurt
2001 - 630 employees, 107 million Euro turnover Acquisition of Eurasem (Packaging, NL) and SMI (MEMS, USA)
2002 - TS16949
2005 - Opened 8" wafer fab in Duisburg as second production line
2020 - Conversion of legal form into a Societas Europaea
2022 - media reports about possible Chinese takeover which the German government eventually vetoed
Silicon Microstructures
Silicon Microstructures, Inc.(SMI) was founded in 1991 as a commercial source of high-performance silicon pressure sensors, including Microelectromechanical systems sensors, and accelerometers. Its first product was a silicon sensor for very low-pressure usage. SMI was acquired in March 2001 from OSI Systems.
SMI began production on higher performance, system level sensors and microstructures, wireless, RF and bus addressable microstructures.
In August 2002, SMI acquired the IC Sensors' wafer fabrication operations and wafer R&D group and relocated to Milpitas, California. The following year, Silicon Microstructures undertook a significant and complete wafer fabricati |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colne%20Priory | Colne Priory at Earls Colne, Essex was a Benedictine priory, initially a dependent cell of Abingdon Abbey, Berkshire (now in Oxfordshire). It was founded by Aubrey de Vere I and his wife Beatrice in or before 1111. One piece of research suggests that the original Abbot, Faritius, was appointed in 1101; he initially placed six monks at the site. Their eldest son Geoffrey had died at Abingdon about seven or eight years earlier and was buried there. On his deathbed, Geoffrey had bequeathed to Abingdon the church and lands at Kensington, Middlesex, and his parents and brothers had confirmed that grant, as had King Henry I.
Aubrey and Beatrice became very attached to Abingdon, but as they lived primarily in Essex (at Castle Hedingham), the aging couple found it difficult to journey there. They had built a manor house and subsequently founded Colne Priory, the only Benedictine cell of Abingdon, in order to have monks of that house close to them and as a family mausoleum. About 1112 Aubrey I retired to the priory, joined by his youngest son, William de Vere, both of whom died there shortly thereafter. The relations between Abingdon and its priory were occasionally discordant, and in the 13th century Colne Priory became an independent priory.
In the medieval era, the property was known as the Priory of St. Mary the Virgin and St. John the Evangelist (and also as the Priory of St. Mary and St. Andrew). Although specifics are few, there may have been an earlier minster on the site. D |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor%20array | Transistor arrays consist of two or more transistors on a common substrate. Unlike more highly integrated circuits, the transistors can be used individually like discrete transistors. That is, the transistors in the array are not connected to each other to implement a specific function. Transistor arrays can consist of bipolar junction transistors or field-effect transistors. There are three main motivations for combining several transistors on one chip and in one package:
to save circuit board space and to reduce the board production cost (only one component needs to be populated instead of several)
to ensure closely matching parameters between the transistors (which is almost guaranteed when the transistors on one chip are manufactured simultaneously and subject to identical manufacturing process variations)
to ensure a closely matching thermal drift of parameters between the transistors (which is achieved by having the transistors in extremely close proximity)
The matching parameters and thermal drift are crucial for various analogue circuits such as differential amplifiers, current mirrors, and log amplifiers.
The reduction in circuit board area is particularly significant for digital circuits where several switching transistors are combined in one package. Often the transistors here are Darlington pairs with a common emitter and flyback diodes, e.g. ULN2003A. While this stretches the above definition of a transistor array somewhat, the term is still commonly applied |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinaldine | Quinaldine or 2-methylquinoline is an organic compound with the formula CH3C9H6N. It is one of the methyl derivatives of the heterocyclic compound quinoline. It is bioactive and is used in the preparation of various dyes. It is a colorless oil but commercial samples can appear colored.
Production and reactions
Quinaldine is recovered from coal tar. It can be prepared from aniline and paraldehyde via Skraup synthesis or from aniline and crotonaldehyde via Doebner-von Miller variation of the Skraup reaction.
Hydrogenation of quinaldine gives 2-methyltetrahydroquinoline. This reduction can be conducted enantioselectively.
Properties
Quinaldine has critical point at 787 K and 4.9 MPa and its refractive index is 1.8116.
Uses
Quinaldine is used in manufacturing anti-malaria drugs, dyes and food colorants (e.g., Quinoline Yellows, pinacyanol). It is the precursor to the pH indicator Quinaldine Red.
Quinaldine sulfate is an anaesthetic used in fish transportation. In some Caribbean islands it is used to facilitate the collection of tropical fish from reefs.
References
External links
MSDS at Science Lab
Method of purifying quinaldine
Quinolines |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric%20acoustic%20stimulation | Electric acoustic stimulation (EAS) is the use of a hearing aid and a cochlear implant technology together in the same ear. EAS is intended for people with high-frequency hearing loss, who can hear low-pitched sounds but not high-pitched ones. The hearing aid acoustically amplifies low-frequency sounds, while the cochlear implant electrically stimulates the middle- and high-frequency sounds. The inner ear then processes the acoustic and electric stimuli simultaneously, to give the patient the perception of sound.
In several clinical studies, EAS has proven to yield superior results compared to partially deaf patients who use only hearing aids. In order to achieve these results, it is vital to preserve the patient's residual hearing in the low frequencies.
Introduction
Electric stimulation of the auditory system via cochlear implant is a commonly used technique for individuals with a severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss, as well as for those adults and children with some residual hearing.
Individuals with mild to moderate hearing loss can usually benefit from hearing aids. This acoustic stimulation proves to be particularly effective in the low frequencies, though a severe hearing loss (> 70 dB HL) above 1 kHz can be beyond the range of amplification possible via acoustic stimulation. Electric stimulation (CI), on the other hand, is capable of providing high-frequency information up to 8 kHz.
The concept of combining simultaneous electric-acoustic stimulation (E |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20embryonic%20development | Human embryonic development, or human embryogenesis, is the development and formation of the human embryo. It is characterised by the processes of cell division and cellular differentiation of the embryo that occurs during the early stages of development. In biological terms, the development of the human body entails growth from a one-celled zygote to an adult human being. Fertilization occurs when the sperm cell successfully enters and fuses with an egg cell (ovum). The genetic material of the sperm and egg then combine to form the single cell zygote and the germinal stage of development commences. Embryonic development in the human, covers the first eight weeks of development; at the beginning of the ninth week the embryo is termed a fetus.
The eight weeks has 23 stages.
Human embryology is the study of this development during the first eight weeks after fertilization. The normal period of gestation (pregnancy) is about nine months or 40 weeks.
The germinal stage refers to the time from fertilization through the development of the early embryo until implantation is completed in the uterus. The germinal stage takes around 10 days. During this stage, the zygote begins to divide, in a process called cleavage. A blastocyst is then formed and implants in the uterus. Embryogenesis continues with the next stage of gastrulation, when the three germ layers of the embryo form in a process called histogenesis, and the processes of neurulation and organogenesis follow.
In comparison |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Zealand%20men%27s%20national%20football%20team%20results%20%282000%E2%80%932019%29 | This page details the match results and statistics of the New Zealand men's national football team from 2000 until 2019.
Key
Key to matches
Att. = Match attendance
(H) = Home ground
(A) = Away ground
(N) = Neutral ground
Key to record by opponent
Pld = Games played
W = Games won
D = Games drawn
L = Games lost
GF = Goals for
GA = Goals against
A-International results
New Zealand's score is shown first in each case.
Notes
Streaks
Most wins in a row
5, 5 July 2002 – 14 July 2002
5, 17 October 2007 – 10 September 2008
5, 10 June 2012 – 16 October 2012
5, 12 November 2015 – 8 June 2016
Most matches without a loss
9, 10 June 2012 – 5 September 2013
Most draws in a row
4, 15 June 2010 – 9 October 2010
Most losses in a row
7, 15 July 1999 – 21 January 2000
6, 8 June 2003 – 29 May 2004
Most matches without a win
11, 5 June 2010 – 23 May 2012
11, 9 September 2013 – 7 September 2015
Results by opposition
Results by year
Cumulative table includes all results prior to 2000.
See also
New Zealand national football team
New Zealand at the FIFA World Cup
New Zealand at the FIFA Confederations Cup
New Zealand at the OFC Nations Cup
References
2000-19 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon%20Islands%20national%20football%20team%20results%20%282000%E2%80%93present%29 | This page details the match results and statistics of the Solomon Islands national football team from 2000 to present.
Key
Key to matches
Att.=Match attendance
(H)=Home ground
(A)=Away ground
(N)=Neutral ground
Key to record by opponent
Pld=Games played
W=Games won
D=Games drawn
L=Games lost
GF=Goals for
GA=Goals against
Results
Solomon Islands' score is shown first in each case.
Notes
Record by opponent
References
Solomon Islands national football team results |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua%20New%20Guinea%20national%20football%20team%20results | This page details the match results and statistics of the Papua New Guinea national football team.
Key
Key to matches
Att. = Match attendance
(H) = Home ground
(A) = Away ground
(N) = Neutral ground
Key to record by opponent
Pld = Games played
W = Games won
D = Games drawn
L = Games lost
GF = Goals for
GA = Goals against
Results
Papua New Guinea's score is shown first in each case.
Notes
Record by opponent
References
Papua New Guinea national football team results |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swift%E2%80%93Hohenberg%20equation | The Swift–Hohenberg equation (named after Jack B. Swift and Pierre Hohenberg) is a partial differential equation noted for its pattern-forming behaviour. It takes the form
where u = u(x, t) or u = u(x, y, t) is a scalar function defined on the line or the plane, r is a real bifurcation parameter, and N(u) is some smooth nonlinearity.
The equation is named after the authors of the paper, where it was derived from the equations for thermal convection.
The webpage of Michael Cross contains some numerical integrators which demonstrate the behaviour of several Swift–Hohenberg-like systems.
References
Partial differential equations |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrinsic%20termination | Intrinsic, or rho-independent termination, is a process in prokaryotes to signal the end of transcription and release the newly constructed RNA molecule. In prokaryotes such as E. coli, transcription is terminated either by a rho-dependent process or rho-independent process. In the Rho-dependent process, the rho-protein locates and binds the signal sequence in the mRNA and signals for cleavage. Contrarily, intrinsic termination does not require a special protein to signal for termination and is controlled by the specific sequences of RNA. When the termination process begins, the transcribed mRNA forms a stable secondary structure hairpin loop, also known as a Stem-loop. This RNA hairpin is followed by multiple uracil nucleotides. The bonds between uracil and adenine are very weak. A protein bound to RNA polymerase (nusA) binds to the stem-loop structure tightly enough to cause the polymerase to temporarily stall. This pausing of the polymerase coincides with transcription of the poly-uracil sequence. The weak adenine-uracil bonds lower the energy of destabilization for the RNA-DNA duplex, allowing it to unwind and dissociate from the RNA polymerase. Overall, the modified RNA structure is what terminates transcription.
Stem-loop structures that are not followed by a poly-uracil sequence cause the RNA polymerase to pause, but it will typically continue transcription after a brief time because the duplex is too stable to unwind far enough to cause termination.
Rho-independent |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben%20Kudjodji | Ebenezer Joseph Tettley "Ben" Kudjodji (born 23 April 1989) is an English footballer who plays as a striker.
Career
Kudjodji was a graduate of the Crystal Palace academy. He made one appearance for the Eagles in their 2–0 victory over Barnsley in the Championship on 15 March 2008, replacing Clinton Morrison as a substitute in the 89th minute. Crystal Palace manager Neil Warnock described Kudjodji as "a smashing lad and deserved his opportunity in the team, but he couldn't sustain the level that saw earn his debut." He was released from Crystal Palace in May 2008, along with Mark Kennedy and Moses Swaibu.
Kudjodji went on to play for Bromley in the Conference South, making his only appearance in the 2–0 loss against Braintree Town before being substituted in the 46th minute for Nic McDonnell. He then left to join Croydon Athletic, again only playing one match in their 3–2 defeat at home to Sittingbourne, before walking out on the club. In 2008, Kudjodji had unsuccessful trials with Brentford and Cheltenham Town.
Conviction
He was sentenced to six years imprisonment in January 2019 for dealing drugs.
References
External links
Ben Kudjodji player profile at cpfc.co.uk
1989 births
Living people
People from Dunstable
Footballers from Bedfordshire
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Crystal Palace F.C. players
Bromley F.C. players
Croydon Athletic F.C. players
Sutton United F.C. players
Carshalton Athletic F.C. players
English Football League players |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA%20integrity%20number | The RNA integrity number (RIN) is an algorithm for assigning integrity values to RNA measurements.
The integrity of RNA is a major concern for gene expression studies and traditionally has been evaluated using the 28S to 18S rRNA ratio, a method that has been shown to be inconsistent. This inconsistency arises because subjective, human interpretation is necessary to compare the 28S and 18S gel images. The RIN algorithm was devised to overcome this issue. The RIN algorithm is applied to electrophoretic RNA measurements, typically obtained using capillary gel electrophoresis, and based on a combination of different features that contribute information about the RNA integrity to provide a more universal measure. RIN has been demonstrated to be robust and reproducible in studies comparing it to other RNA integrity calculation algorithms, cementing its position as a preferred method of determining the quality of RNA to be analyzed.
A major criticism to RIN is when using with plants or in studies of eukaryotic-prokaryotic cells interactions. The RIN algorithm is unable to differentiate eukaryotic/prokaryotic/chloroplastic ribosomal RNA, creating serious quality index underestimation in such situations.
Terminology
Electrophoresis is the process of separating nucleic acid species based on their length by applying an electric field to them. As nucleic acids are negatively charged, they are pushed by an electric field through a matrix, usually an agarose gel, with the smaller mole |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumer%E2%80%93Phillips%20theorem | In mathematics, the Lumer–Phillips theorem, named after Günter Lumer and Ralph Phillips, is a result in the theory of strongly continuous semigroups that gives a necessary and sufficient condition for a linear operator in a Banach space to generate a contraction semigroup.
Statement of the theorem
Let A be a linear operator defined on a linear subspace D(A) of the Banach space X. Then A generates a contraction semigroup if and only if
D(A) is dense in X,
A is dissipative, and
A − λ0I is surjective for some λ0> 0, where I denotes the identity operator.
An operator satisfying the last two conditions is called maximally dissipative.
Variants of the theorem
Reflexive spaces
Let A be a linear operator defined on a linear subspace D(A) of the reflexive Banach space X. Then A generates a contraction semigroup if and only if
A is dissipative, and
A − λ0I is surjective for some λ0> 0, where I denotes the identity operator.
Note that the conditions that D(A) is dense and that A is closed are dropped in comparison to the non-reflexive case. This is because in the reflexive case they follow from the other two conditions.
Dissipativity of the adjoint
Let A be a linear operator defined on a dense linear subspace D(A) of the reflexive Banach space X. Then A generates a contraction semigroup if and only if
A is closed and both A and its adjoint operator A∗ are dissipative.
In case that X is not reflexive, then this condition for A to generate a contraction semigroup is still suffi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shabnam%20%28disambiguation%29 | Shabnam is the stage name for Jharna Basak (born 1942), a Bangladeshi–Pakistani stage and film actress.
Shabnam may also refer to:
Films
Shabnam (1949 film), a Hindi film by Bibhuti Mitra
Shabnam (1964 film), a Hindi film starring Mehmood
Shabnam (1993 film), a Hindi film starring Krishan Kumar
People with the name
Shabnam Masood, a character from EastEnders
Shabnam Mausi, Indian politician
Shabnam Nasimi, British Afghani social activist & writer
Shabnam Paryani, contestant in the UK reality competition series Big Brother 8
Shabnam Shiwan, Fijian designer
Shabnam Surayyo, Tajik singer
Shabnam Tolouei, Iranian actress
See also
Şebnem, Turkish variant of the female given name Shabnam |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liebsch%C3%BCtzberg | Liebschützberg is a municipality in the district Nordsachsen, in Saxony, Germany.
Until 1991 the territory of Liebschützberg and its 1,600 residents were part of the town of Borna. During the administrative reform of Saxony which followed the reunification of Germany Liebschützberg became an independent self-governing community (gemeinde), effective December 31, 1990. The experience of municipal reform in Liebschützberg is a subject of a study by Andreas Kretschmar (who is, since 2001, mayor of nearby Oschatz).
Twin towns
Liebschützberg is twinned with:
Gailingen, Germany
Notes
Nordsachsen |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golay%20cell | The Golay cell is a type of opto-acoustic detector mainly used for infrared spectroscopy. It consists of a gas-filled enclosure with an infrared absorbing material and a flexible diaphragm or membrane. When infrared radiation is absorbed, it heats the gas, causing it to expand. The resulting increase in pressure deforms the membrane. Light reflected off the membrane is detected by a photodiode, and motion of the membrane produces a change in the signal on the photodiode. The concept was originally described in 1947 by Marcel J. E. Golay, after whom it came to be named.
The Golay cell has high sensitivity and a flat response over a very broad range of frequencies. The response time is modest, of order 10 ms. The detector performance is degraded in the presence of mechanical vibrations.
References
Photodetectors
Infrared spectroscopy |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicole%20%28name%29 | Nicole is a feminine given name and a surname.
The given name Nicole is a French feminine derivative of the masculine given name Nicolas, which is ultimately from the Ancient Greek Νικόλαος (Nikólaos), composed of the elements níkē “victory” and laós “people” (hence it may be interpreted as "victory of the people"). There are many variants. The spelling "Nicole" also saw use as a mediaeval French man's name, e.g., Nicole Oresme.
People with the given name or variants
Music
Nicole (Chilean singer) (born 1977), pop and rock singer
Nicole Appleton (born 1974), Canadian–born English singer and television presenter
Nicole Atkins (born 1978), American singer and songwriter
Nicole Cabell (born 1977), American classical and opera singer
Nicole Dollanganger (born 1991), Canadian singer and songwriter
Nicole Jung (born 1991), Korean–American singer
Nicole C. Mullen (born 1967), American actress, choreographer, singer, and songwriter
Nicole Scherzinger (born 1978), American dancer, singer, songwriter, and lead singer of The Pussycat Dolls
Nicole Seibert (born 1964), known for "Ein bißchen Frieden"
Nicole Theriault (born 1972), Thai singer
Nicole Wray (born 1979), American singer
Literature
Nicole Brossard (born 1943), French–Canadian formalist poet and novelist
Nicole Chung (born 1981), American writer
Nicole Krauss (born 1974), American writer
Nicole Markotic (born 1962), Canadian poet and novelist
Nicole Mones (born 1952), American novelist and food writer
Film
N |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation%20Leyte%20Gulf | The ring leader of a cell responsible for conducting improvised explosive device attacks on the people and security forces of North Babil was captured by paratroopers south of Mahmudiyah, 11 July 2007.
Operation Details
The Paratroopers of Company C, 3rd Battalion, 509th Airborne, 4th Brigade Combat Team (Airborne), 25th Infantry Division conducted a raid named Operation Leyte Gulf and captured the cell leader and four of his lieutenants.
The paratroopers also confiscated an AK47 automatic rifle with five magazines of ammunition, four hunting knives, and a set of binoculars.
The cell members were detained for further questioning.
The weapons and other materials were confiscated for use in the investigation.
Participating Units
American Units
Company C, 3rd Battalion, 509th Airborne, 4th Brigade Combat Team (Airborne), 25th Infantry Division; along with elements of B Company, 425th STB (Special Troops Battalion), 4th Brigade Combat Team (Airborne), 25th Infantry Division.
See also
Iraq War
List of coalition military operations of the Iraq War
Terrorism
Iraq Insurgency
List of bombings during the Iraq War
United States military casualties of war
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Iraq Body Count project
Violence against academics in post-invasion Iraq
References
Leyte Gulf
Military operations of the Iraq War in 2007
Military operations of the Iraq War involving the United States
Military operations of the Iraq War involving Iraq |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CARM1 | CARM1 (coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1), also known as PRMT4 (protein arginine N-methyltransferase 4), is an enzyme () encoded by the gene found in human beings, as well as many other mammals. It has a polypeptide (L) chain type that is 348 residues long, and is made up of alpha helices and beta sheets. Its main function includes catalyzing the transfer of a methyl group from S-Adenosyl methionine to the side chain nitrogens of arginine residues within proteins to form methylated arginine derivatives and S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine. CARM1 is a secondary coactivator through its association with p160 family (SRC-1, GRIP1, AIB) of coactivators. It is responsible for moving cells toward the inner cell mass in developing blastocysts.
Clinical significance
CARM1 plays an important role in androgen receptors and may play a role in prostate cancer progression.
CARM1 exerts both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive functions. In breast cancer, CARM1 methylates chromatin remodeling factor BAF155 to enhance tumor progression and metastasis. In pancreatic cancer, CARM1 methylates and inhibits MDH1 by disrupting its dimerization, which represses mitochondria respiration and inhibits glutamine utilization. CARM1-mediated MDH1 methylation reduces cellular NADPH level and sensitizes cells to oxidative stress, thereby suppressing cell proliferation and colony formation.
See also
histone-arginine N-methyltransferase
External links
References
Transcription coregulators |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keratin%206C | Keratin 6C (protein name K6C; gene name KRT6C), is a type II cytokeratin, one of a number of isoforms of keratin 6 encoded by separate genes located within the type II keratin gene cluster on human chromosome 12q. This gene was uncovered recently by the Human Genome Project and its expression patterns in humans remains unknown.
Keratins
Keratins are the intermediate filament proteins that form a dense meshwork of filaments throughout the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. Keratins form heteropolymers consisting of a type I and a type II keratin. Keratins are generally expressed in particular pairs of type I and type II keratin proteins in a tissue-specific and cellular differentiation-specific manner.
The keratin proteins of epithelial tissues are commonly known as "keratins" or are sometimes referred to as "epithelial keratins" or "cytokeratins". The specialized keratins of hair and nail are known as "hard keratins" or "trichocyte keratins". Trichocytes are the specialized epithelial cells from which hair and nail are composed. Trichocyte keratins are similar in their gene and protein structure to keratins except that they are especially rich in the sulfur-containing amino acid cysteine, which facilitates chemical cross-linking of the assembled hard keratins to form a more structurally resilient material.
Both epithelial keratins and hard keratins can be further subdivided into type I (acidic) keratins and type II (neutral-basic) keratins. The genes for the type I kerat |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base%20runs | Base runs (BsR) is a baseball statistic invented by sabermetrician David Smyth to estimate the number of runs a team "should have" scored given their component offensive statistics, as well as the number of runs a hitter or pitcher creates or allows. It measures essentially the same thing as Bill James' runs created, but as sabermetrician Tom M. Tango points out, base runs models the reality of the run-scoring process "significantly better than any other run estimator".
Purpose and formula
Base runs has multiple variations, but all take the form
Smyth detailed the following forms of the statistic:
The simplest, uses only the most common batting statistics
A = H + BB - HR
B = (1.4 * TB - .6 * H - 3 * HR + .1 * BB) * 1.02
C = AB - H
D = HR
An offshoot includes significantly more batting statistics
A = H + BB + HBP - HR - .5 * IBB
B = (1.4 * TB - .6 * H - 3 * HR + .1 * (BB + HBP - IBB) + .9 * (SB - CS - GIDP)) * 1.1
C = AB - H + CS + GIDP
D = HR
A third formula uses pitching statistics
A = H + BB - HR
B = (1.4 * (1.12 * H + 4 * HR) - .6 * H - 3 * HR + .1 * BB) * 1.1
C = 3 * IP
D = HR
Other sabermetricians have developed their own formulas using Smyth's general form, mainly by tinkering with the B factor.
Because the base runs statistic attempts to model the team run scoring process, a formula cannot be applied directly to an individual player's statistics. Doing this would result in a run estimate for an entire team that puts out the individual's statistics. A |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dystrobrevin | Dystrobrevin is a protein that binds to dystrophin in the costamere of skeletal muscle cells. In humans, there are at least two isoforms of dystrobrevin, dystrobrevin alpha and dystrobrevin beta.
Dystrobrevins are members of dystrophin-related protein family which are thought to play an important role in intracellular signal transduction and provide a membrane scaffold in muscle. Defects in dystrobrevins and their associated proteins cause a range of neuromuscular diseases such as muscular dystrophies. Dystrobrevin was first identified by isolating from the electric organ of the electric ray Torpedo californica. It is a phosphoprotein, which weights 87 kDa, associated with the postsynaptic membrane at the cytoplasmic face. Dystrobrevin proteins have been said to participates in the formation and stability of synapses because it copurifies with acetylcholine receptors from Torpedo electric organ membranes.
In 1997, an experiment was done using the yeast two-hybrid model to identify protein-protein interaction between dystrobrevin and dystrophin-associated protein complex (DPC). The evidence suggested that dystrobrevin works as a motor protein receptor that might play an important role in the transport of components of the dystrophin-associated protein complex to specific intracellular sites. The DPC is expressed in both muscle and non-muscle tissues. It works as a mechanical component of cells and a dynamic multifunctional structure that can serve as a scaffold for signalin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20B.%20Dawson | Henry Barton Dawson (June 8, 1821 – May 23, 1889) was born in Lincolnshire, England and emigrated to New York City in 1834. He was an editor of the pro-temperance The Crystal Font and Rechabite Recorder. He wrote Battles of the United States by Sea and Land, published 1858 and in 1863 an edition of The Federalist, creating controversy with James A. Hamilton and John Jay. He owned and edited the Historical Magazine from 1866 to 1876. He also authored "Westchester County, New York during the American Revolution" which was published in 1886 in J.T. Scharf's History of Westchester County.
He was married to Catharine Martling and is buried at Sleepy Hollow Cemetery in Westchester County, New York.
References and external links
University of Michigan library
Further reading
1821 births
1889 deaths
19th-century American historians
19th-century American male writers
American male non-fiction writers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zipeprol | Zipeprol is a centrally acting cough suppressant developed in France in the 1970s. It is not a morphinan derivative (in contrast to codeine and dextromethorphan). Zipeprol acts as a local anaesthetic and has mucolytic, antihistamine and anticholinergic properties. It is sold with several brand names such as Zinolta and Respilene. It is not available in the United States or Canada and has been discontinued in Europe. It is still available in some countries in Asia and South America.
Zipeprol has been misused in Korea, mainly for the hallucinations it produces. Such use has become an issue due to the seizures and various neurological side effects it causes at high dosages.
References
Antitussives
Piperazines
Phenylethanolamine ethers
Secondary alcohols |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxeladin | Oxeladin is a cough suppressant. It is a highly potent and effective drug used to treat all types of cough of various etiologies. It is not related to opium or its derivatives, so treatment with oxeladin is free of risk of dependence or addiction. Oxeladin has none of the side effects (such as hypnosis, respiratory depression, tolerance, constipation and analgesia) which are present when common antitussives, such as codeine and its derivatives, are used. It may be used at every age, as well as in patients with heart disease, since it has a high level of safety and a great selectivity to act on the bulbar centre of cough.
Indications
Oxeladin is indicated in all types of cough. Besides its antitussive action, it helps to clear the respiratory tract, since it increases the quantity of secretion and thins bronchial secretion.
Irritative cough
Allergic cough
Psychogenic cough
Treatment of cough in patients with heart disease (it has no action upon the cardiovascular system)
Infectious cough: tracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonia
Treatment of cough in pre- and post-operative treatment for bronchoscopy
Contraindications
Although fetal malformations have not been reported, oxeladin should not be used during the first trimester of pregnancy. Oxeladin is contraindicated in patients with MAOI therapy.
Side effects
Rarely, some patients have reported rash, dizziness, sedation or mild digestive disturbances. These usually disappear on reducing the dosage or interrupting the treatme |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdosteine | Erdosteine is a molecule with mucolytic activity. Structurally it is a thiol derivative characterized by the presence of two thiol groups. These two functional sulfhydryl groups contained in the molecule are released following first-pass metabolism with the conversion of erdosteine into its pharmacologically active metabolite Met-I.
The molecule has been discovered and developed in Italy by Edmond Pharma, today it is prescribed for chronic and acute respiratory disorders in more than 40 countries worldwide. The drug is sold under several commercial names (Esteclin, Erdomed, Erdos, Erdotin etc.), as hard capsules 300 mg, dispersible tablets 300 mg, granulates for oral suspension 225 mg and powder for oral suspension 175 mg/5ml.
Pharmacodynamics
Erdosteine is an oral mucoactive anti-oxidant molecule, characterized by a multi-faceted pharmacological profile that may positively interfere in more than one of the pathological processes ongoing in all respiratory disorders characterized by thickened or increased mucus production, increased oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Moreover, an important feature of the pharmacological profile of erdosteine is represented by its synergy with antibiotics.
Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity
Erdosteine exerts its role as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory thanks to the free sulfhydryl groups of its active metabolite Met I, which has a direct scavenging effect (particularly on reactive oxygen species, ROS), and it is able |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argos%20%28EGFR%20Inhibitor%29 | Argos is a secreted protein that is an inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway in Drosophila melanogaster. Argos inhibits the EGFR pathway by sequestering the EGFR ligand Spitz. Argos binds the epidermal growth factor domain of Spitz, preventing interaction between Spitz and EGFR. Argos does not directly interact with EGFR. Argos represents the first example of ligand sequestration as a mechanism of inhibition in the ErbB (EGFR) family.
Function
Argos is secreted from cells in D. melanogaster. Outside the cell, it binds the EGFR-activator Spitz, preventing it from binding and activating EGFR. Drosophila with mutations that inactivate Argos have deformed eyes with extra photoreceptors and a small optic lobe due to disruption of EGFR's role in eye development. The name of the gene derives from the phenotype of mutant flies with eye defects and refers to Argus Panoptes.
Structure
Crystallographic studies have revealed that Argos does not contain an EGF domain as originally expected. Rather, Argos is composed of 3 separate domains that have homology to one another, termed the Argos domain. The Argos domain has features in common with the three finger toxin fold that is found in a number of proteins including TGF beta receptors and the urokinase (uPA) receptor.
See also
EGFR inhibitor
References
Proteins
Drosophila melanogaster genes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor%20computer | A transistor computer, now often called a second-generation computer, is a computer which uses discrete transistors instead of vacuum tubes. The first generation of electronic computers used vacuum tubes, which generated large amounts of heat, were bulky and unreliable. A second-generation computer, through the late 1950s and 1960s featured circuit boards filled with individual transistors and magnetic-core memory. These machines remained the mainstream design into the late 1960s, when integrated circuits started appearing and led to the third-generation computer.
History
The University of Manchester's experimental Transistor Computer was first operational in November 1953 and it is widely believed to be the first transistor computer to come into operation anywhere in the world. There were two versions of the Transistor Computer, the prototype, operational in 1953, and the full-size version, commissioned in April 1955. The 1953 machine had 92 point-contact transistors and 550 diodes, manufactured by STC. It had a 48-bit machine word. The 1955 machine had a total of 200 point-contact transistors and 1,300 point diodes, which resulted in a power consumption of 150 watts. There were considerable reliability problems with the early batches of transistors and the average error-free run in 1955 was only 1.5 hours. The Transistor Computer also used a small number of tubes in its clock generator, so it was not the first fully transistorized machine.
The design of a full-size Trans |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20the%20transistor | A transistor is a semiconductor device with at least three terminals for connection to an electric circuit. In the common case, the third terminal controls the flow of current between the other two terminals. This can be used for amplification, as in the case of a radio receiver, or for rapid switching, as in the case of digital circuits. The transistor replaced the vacuum-tube triode, also called a (thermionic) valve, which was much larger in size and used significantly more power to operate. The first transistor was successfully demonstrated on December 23, 1947, at Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey. Bell Labs was the research arm of American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T). The three individuals credited with the invention of the transistor were William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain. The introduction of the transistor is often considered one of the most important inventions in history.
Transistors are broadly classified into two categories: bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and field-effect transistor (FET).
The principle of a field-effect transistor was proposed by Julius Edgar Lilienfeld in 1925. John Bardeen, Walter Brattain and William Shockley invented the first working transistors at Bell Labs, the point-contact transistor in 1947. Shockley introduced the improved bipolar junction transistor in 1948, which entered production in the early 1950s and led to the first widespread use of transistors.
The MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-eff |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20Pairs%20Speedway%20Championship | The European Pairs Speedway Championship is an annual speedway event held in different countries organized by the European Motorcycle Union (UEM) since 2004.
Previous winners
Classification
Participating nations
Legend
– Champions.
– Runners-up.
– Third place.
4–12 – 4th to 20th places.
– Final hosts.
Q – Qualified for upcoming tournament.
q – Will take part in the upcoming qualification.
Rules
The minimum age limit (16 years) starts on the date of the rider's birthday.
See also
Motorcycle speedway
References
Pairs |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current%20density%20imaging | Current density imaging (CDI) is an extension of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), developed at the University of Toronto. It employs two techniques for spatially mapping electric current pathways through tissue:
LF-CDI, low-frequency CDI, the original implementation developed at the University of Toronto. In this technique, low frequency (LF) electric currents are injected into the tissue. These currents generate magnetic fields, which are then measured using MRI techniques. The current pathways are then computed and spatially mapped.
RF-CDI, radio frequency CDI, a rotating frame of reference version of LF-CDI. This allows measurement of a single component of current density, without requiring subject rotation. The high frequency current that is injected into tissue also does not cause the muscle twitching often encountered using LF-CDI, allowing in-vivo measurements on human subjects.
See also
Magnetic resonance imaging
References
External links
Current Density Imaging page at the University of Toronto
Magnetic resonance imaging
Medical imaging |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleopeltis | Pleopeltis is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Polypodioideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). The genus widely distributed in tropical regions of the world, and also north into temperate regions in eastern North America and eastern Asia. Several species are known by the common name scaly polypody and resurrection fern.
The genus is closely related to Polypodium. Many of the species have been or sometimes are still included in that genus. Further changes in the circumscription of the genus may occur as research continues.
They are epiphytic, epipetric (growing on rocks), or rarely terrestrial ferns, with a creeping, densely hairy or scaly rhizome bearing fronds at intervals along its length. The fronds are evergreen, persisting for 1–2 years, and are entire or deeply pinnatifid. The sori or groups of spore-cases (sporangia) are borne on the back of the frond.
Species
, Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World accepted the following species and hybrids:
Pleopeltis acicularis (Weath.) A.R.Sm. & T.Krömer
Pleopeltis alansmithii (R.C.Moran) A.R.Sm. & Tejero
Pleopeltis alborufula (Brade) Salino
Pleopeltis angusta Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.
Pleopeltis appressa M.Kessler & A.R.Sm.
Pleopeltis × aspidiolepis (Baker) A.R.Sm.
Pleopeltis astrolepis (Liebm.) E.Fourn.
Pleopeltis aturensis (Maury) A.R.Sm.
Pleopeltis balaonensis (Hieron.) A.R.Sm.
Pleopeltis ballivianii (Rosenst.) A.R.Sm.
Pleopeltis × bartlettii (Wea |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phlebodium | Phlebodium is a small genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Polypodioideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). It is native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas. Its species were formerly included in Polypodium.
They are epiphytic ferns, with a creeping, densely hairy or scaly rhizome bearing fronds at intervals along its length. The fronds are evergreen, persisting for 1–2 years, and are pinnatifid. The sori or groups of spore-cases (sporangia) are borne on the back of the frond.
Species
, Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World accepted the following species:
See also
Calaguala
References
Polypodiaceae
Epiphytes
Fern genera |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithm%20March | The is a dance fad created in Japan, based on the children's television series PythagoraSwitch which was broadcast on the educational channel of NHK, a Japanese non-profit public broadcasting service. It is performed by the comedy group Itsumo Kokokara with variable groups (it differs at each air) such as firefighters, soccer players, Yasugi-bushi preservation society, Vienna Boys' Choir, Blue Man Group, ninja and so on.
Description
The basic steps are as follows, repeating as necessary:
Bend knees, reach out straight with hands
Lean back with arms akimbo ("big shot")
Turn around, bow
Face right, right hand horizon sweep
Bend knees, breaststroke
Bend down and pretend to pick up a chestnut from the ground
Shake arms downwards, like pumping a bicycle tire
Flap arms as though being inflated by a pump
The dance can be performed in lines, moving canon style one at a time. After each movement, the line takes a step forward.
Footnotes
External links
Algorithm March lyrics, in English and Japanese (Romaji). Note: this transcription contains some mistakes. For instance "susande" should be "susunde" (進んで), a conjugated form of "susumu" (進む) which means to advance or move forward.
PythagoraSwitch official page (Japanese)
Official CD from Warner Music Japan (Japanese)
The CPDRC Dancing Inmates perform the Algorithm March
A demonstration video is available in English and Japanese.
Novelty and fad dances
NHK |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgina%20Mace | Dame Georgina Mary Mace, (12 July 1953 – 19 September 2020) was a British ecologist and conservation scientist. She was Professor of Biodiversity and Ecosystems at University College London, and previously Professor of Conservation Science and Director of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College London (2006–2012) and Director of Science at the Zoological Society of London (2000–2006).
Education
Georgina Mace was born in Lewisham borough of London. Her father was Dr. Bill Mace, a rheumatologist, and her mother was Josephine Mace, a nurse. and educated at the City of London School for Girls before studying at the University of Liverpool where she was awarded a Bachelor of Science degree in 1976. She was awarded a PhD on the evolutionary ecology of small mammals in 1979 from the University of Sussex for research supervised by Paul H. Harvey.
Research and career
Her research interests mainly involved measuring the trends and consequences of biodiversity loss and ecosystem change. She started her career at the Smithsonian Institution to study the impact of inbreeding in zoological collections. Mace continued this work and further researched captive population ecology by studying population viability in zoos. Mace commented that "It was exciting to make quantitative scientific contributions to conservation"
She was President of the British Ecological Society, President of the Society for Conservation Biology, a member of t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythrocruorin | Erythrocruorin (from Greek eruthros "red" + Latin cruor "blood"), and the similar chlorocruorin (from Greek khlōros "green" + Latin cruor "blood"), are large oxygen-carrying hemeprotein complexes, which have a molecular mass greater than 3.5 million Daltons. Both are sometimes called giant hemoglobin or hexagonal bilayer haemoglobin. They are found in many annelids and arthropods (including some insects).
Chlorocruorin is particularly found in certain marine polychaetes.
Structure
Two structures of erythrocruorin have been resolved. The protein is a highly symmetric assembly made from heme-binding globins and unique linker proteins.
The only significant difference between chlorocruorin and erythrocruorin is that chlorocruorin carries an abnormal heme group structure. Both contain many 16-17 kDa myoglobin-like subunits arranged in a giant complex of over a hundred subunits with interlinking proteins as well with a total weight exceeding 3600 kDa.
Giant hemoglobin is composed of multiple heme-containing globin chains and linker () chains. Each species have different amounts of genes for these chains. For example, while a Lamellibrachia sp. has four kinds of globin chains and two kinds of linker chains, Sabella spallanzanii has three globin chains and three linker chains. The exact stoichiometric ratios and arrangement is unknown, but is thought to resemble that of erythocrorins.
Properties
Erythrocruorin has a weaker affinity for oxygen than that of most hemoglobins. A d |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roads%20and%20motorways%20in%20Cyprus | Since the arrival of the first motor cars on the island in 1907, Cyprus has developed a modern road network. According to 2002 statistics, the road network in the Republic of Cyprus-administered areas of Cyprus consists of about 7,206 km of paved and 4,387 km of unpaved roads. Although the first motorway in Cyprus, A1, was completed as recently as October 1985, the country already has the most motorway km per capita (36.8 km /100,000 inhabitants) among all European Union members.
There are no toll paying roads in Cyprus to date.
Maintenance
The Public Works Department of the Ministry of Communications and Works is responsible for the maintenance, improvement and construction of motorways, the majority of rural and interurban road network and the main urban roads. The Municipalities are responsible for the secondary and local urban roads; the District Administration Authorities are responsible for the paved and unpaved district (tertiary) roads and village roads. The Forestry Department is responsible for most unpaved roads in forest areas, this is in order to accommodate the administration and protection of forests.
The Turkish invasion of 1974 radically changed the program of road development and created new priorities in order to cover the augmented needs in the government controlled areas, where 80% of the Cyprus population and the greatest portion of development had concentrated.
Under these circumstances New Road Development Schemes were promoted, which were partia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerni%C8%99oara%20%28river%29 | The Cernișoara is a left tributary of the river Cerna in Romania. It discharges into the Cerna in Lădești. It flows through the villages Cernișoara, Armășești, Groși, Modoia, Saioci, Ciocâltei and Roești. Its length is and its basin size is .
References
Rivers of Romania
Rivers of Vâlcea County |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari%C8%9Ba%20%28river%29 | The Marița is a left tributary of the river Cerna in Romania. It flows into the Cerna near Slătioara. Its length is and its basin size is .
References
Rivers of Romania
Rivers of Vâlcea County |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recea%20%28Cerna%29 | The Recea (also: Valea Plopilor) is a left tributary of the river Cerna in Romania. It flows into the Cerna in Slătioara. Its length is and its basin size is .
References
Rivers of Romania
Rivers of Vâlcea County |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CTNNBIP1 | Beta-catenin-interacting protein 1 is a protein that is encoded in humans by the CTNNBIP1 gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene binds CTNNB1 and prevents interaction between CTNNB1 and TCF (T-cell transcription factor) family members. The encoded protein is a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway.
References
Further reading
External links |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics%20of%20Lima | The demographics of Lima can be reconstructed through the population censuses carried out throughout its history. The government statistics department estimates that a third of Peru's population lives in Lima.
Population by year
Ethnic groups
Mestizos: 47%
European: 40%
Asian: 8%
Amerindian: 2%
Afro-Peruvian: 3%
Evolution of the Lima Metropolitan Area
References
Lima
Lima |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclin-dependent%20kinase%209 | Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 or CDK9 is a cyclin-dependent kinase associated with P-TEFb.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) family. CDK family members are highly similar to the gene products of S. cerevisiae cdc28, and S. pombe cdc2, and known as important cell cycle regulators. This kinase was found to be a component of the multiprotein complex TAK/P-TEFb, which is an elongation factor for RNA polymerase II-directed transcription and functions by phosphorylating the C-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II. This protein forms a complex with and is regulated by its regulatory subunit cyclin T or cyclin K. HIV-1 Tat protein was found to interact with this protein and cyclin T, which suggested a possible involvement of this protein in AIDS.
CDK9 is also known to associate with other proteins such as TRAF2, and be involved in differentiation of skeletal muscle.
Inhibitors
Based on molecular docking results, Ligands-3, 5, 14, and 16 were screened among 17 different Pyrrolone-fused benzosuberene compounds as potent and specific inhibitors without any cross-reactivity against different CDK isoforms. Analysis of MD simulations and MM-PBSA studies, revealed the binding energy profiles of all the selected complexes. Selected ligands performed better than the experimental drug candidate (Roscovitine). Ligands-5 and 16 show specificity for CDK9. These ligands are expected to possess lower risk of side effect |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomerase%20reverse%20transcriptase | Telomerase reverse transcriptase (abbreviated to TERT, or hTERT in humans) is a catalytic subunit of the enzyme telomerase, which, together with the telomerase RNA component (TERC), comprises the most important unit of the telomerase complex.
Telomerases are part of a distinct subgroup of RNA-dependent polymerases. Telomerase lengthens telomeres in DNA strands, thereby allowing senescent cells that would otherwise become postmitotic and undergo apoptosis to exceed the Hayflick limit and become potentially immortal, as is often the case with cancerous cells. To be specific, TERT is responsible for catalyzing the addition of nucleotides in a TTAGGG sequence to the ends of a chromosome's telomeres. This addition of repetitive DNA sequences prevents degradation of the chromosomal ends following multiple rounds of replication.
hTERT absence (usually as a result of a chromosomal mutation) is associated with the disorder Cri du chat.
Function
Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein polymerase that maintains telomere ends by addition of the telomere repeat TTAGGG. The enzyme consists of a protein component with reverse transcriptase activity, encoded by this gene, and an RNA component that serves as a template for the telomere repeat. Telomerase expression plays a role in cellular senescence, as it is normally repressed in postnatal somatic cells, resulting in progressive shortening of telomeres. Studies in mice suggest that telomerase also participates in chromosomal repair, since |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plexin | A plexin is a protein which acts as a receptor for semaphorin family signaling proteins. It is classically known for its expression on the surface of axon growth cones and involvement in signal transduction to steer axon growth away from the source of semaphorin. Plexin also has implications in development of other body systems by activating GTPase enzymes to induce a number of intracellular biochemical changes leading to a variety of downstream effects.
Structure
Extracellular
All plexins have an extracellular SEMA domain at their N-terminus. This is a structural motif common among all semaphorins and plexins and is responsible for this binding of semaphorin dimers, which are the native conformation for these ligands in vivo. This is followed by alternating plexin, semaphorin, and integrin (PSI) domains and immunoglobulin-like, plexin, and transcription factors (IPT) domains. Each of these is named for the proteins in which their structure is conserved. Collectively, the extracellular region resembles a curved stalk projecting in a clockwise direction.
Before bindings its semaphorin dimer ligand, associations between the extracellular domains of pre-formed plexin dimers keeps their intracellular domains segregated and inactive. This allows for co-localization of plexin dimers to be primed for binding of semaphorin dimers and activation of intracellular machinery.
Intracellular
Highly conserved intracellular domains consisting of a bipartite segment which functions as a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD9 | CD9 is a gene encoding a protein that is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily also known as the tetraspanin family. It is a cell surface glycoprotein that consists of four transmembrane regions and has two extracellular loops that contain disulfide bonds which are conserved throughout the tetraspanin family. Also containing distinct palmitoylation sites that allows CD9 to interact with lipids and other proteins.
Function
Tetraspanin proteins are involved in a multitude of biological processes such as adhesion, motility, membrane fusion, signaling and protein trafficking. Tetraspanins play a role in many biological processes because of their ability to interact with many different proteins including interactions between each other. Their distinct palmitoylation sites allow them to organize on the membrane into tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEM). These TEMs are thought to play a role in many cellular processes including exosome biogenesis. CD9 is commonly used as a marker for exosomes as it is contained on their surface.
However, in some cases CD9 plays a larger role in the ability of exosomes to be more or less pathogenic. Shown in HIV-1 infection, exosomes are able to enhance HIV-1 entry through tetraspanin CD9 and CD81. However, expression of CD9 on the cellular membrane seems to decrease the viral entry of HIV-1.
CD9 has a diverse role in cellular processes as it has also been shown to trigger platelet activation and aggregation. It forms a alphaIIbbeta3-CD9 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD37 | Leukocyte antigen CD37 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD37 gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic transmembrane domains. Tetraspanins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of immune responses, cell development, activation, growth and motility. CD37 expression is restricted to cells of the immune system, with highest abundance on mature B cells, and lower expression is found on T cells and myeloid cells. CD37 is a cell surface glycoprotein that is known to complex with integrins and other transmembrane 4 superfamily proteins. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. CD37 controls both humoral and cellular immune responses. CD37-deficiency in mice leads to spontaneous development on B cell lymphoma, and patients with CD37-negative lymphomas have a worse clinical outcome.
See also
Cluster of differentiation
References
Further reading
External links
Clusters of differentiation |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD53 | Leukocyte surface antigen CD53 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD53 gene.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. This encoded protein is a cell surface glycoprotein that is known to complex with integrins. It contributes to the transduction of CD2-generated signals in T cells and natural killer cells and has been suggested to play a role in growth regulation. Familial deficiency of this gene has been linked to an immunodeficiency associated with recurrent infectious diseases caused by bacteria, fungi and viruses. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein.
See also
Cluster of differentiation
Tetraspanin
References
Further reading
External links
Clusters of differentiation |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD63 | CD63 antigen is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the CD63 gene. CD63 is mainly associated with membranes of intracellular vesicles, although cell surface expression may be induced.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth, and motility.
This encoded protein is a cell surface glycoprotein that is known to complex with integrins. It may function as a blood platelet activation marker. Deficiency of this protein is associated with Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome . Also this gene has been associated with tumor progression. The use of alternate polyadenylation sites has been found for this gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different proteins.
Allergy diagnosis
CD63 is a good marker for flow cytometric quantification of in vitro activated basophils for diagnosis of IgE-mediated allergy. The test is commonly designated as basophil activation test (BAT).
Research
Initially, deletion and point mutants were used to investigate the role of the C-terminus, which contains a putative lysosomal-targeting/internalisation motif (GYEVM). C-terminal mutants showed increased surface expression and decreased intracellular lo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD151 | CD151 molecule (Raph blood group), also known as CD151 (Cluster of Differentiation 151), is a human gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. This encoded protein is a cell surface glycoprotein that is known to complex with integrins and other transmembrane 4 superfamily proteins. It is involved in cellular processes including cell adhesion and may regulate integrin trafficking and/or function. This protein enhances cell motility, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode the same protein have been described for this gene. Abnormalities in CD151 have been implicated in a form of epidermolysis bullosa.
Interactions
CD151 has been shown to interact with CD46.
See also
Cluster of differentiation
Tetraspanin
References
Further reading
External links
Raph blood group system in the BGMUT blood group antigen gene mutation database
Clusters of differentiation
Blood antigen systems
Transfusion medicine |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20replacement%20therapy | Protein replacement therapy is a medical treatment that supplements or replaces a protein in patients in whom that particular protein is deficient or absent. There have been significant advances in this treatment. PRT is being tested in clinical trials with the diseases progeria and epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica as a potential treatment. For patients with epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica there have been promising results.
See also
Enzyme replacement therapy
Gene therapy
References
Further reading
Medical treatments |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water%20bird | A water bird, alternatively waterbird or aquatic bird, is a bird that lives on or around water. In some definitions, the term water bird is especially applied to birds in freshwater ecosystems, although others make no distinction from seabirds that inhabit marine environments. Some water birds (e.g. wading birds) are more terrestrial while others (e.g. waterfowls) are more aquatic, and their adaptations will vary depending on their environment. These adaptations include webbed feet, beaks, and legs adapted to feed in the water, and the ability to dive from the surface or the air to catch prey in water.
The term aquatic bird is sometimes also used in this context. A related term that has a narrower meaning is waterfowl. Some piscivorous birds of prey, such as ospreys and sea eagles, hunt aquatic prey but do not stay in water for long and live predominantly over dry land, and are not considered water birds. The term waterbird is also used in the context of conservation to refer to any birds that inhabit or depend on bodies of water or wetland areas. Examples of this use include the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) and the Wallnau Waterbird Reserve.
Types
Some examples of water birds are:
Seabirds (marine birds, orders Suliformes, Sphenisciformes, Phaethontiformes, and Procellariiformes, family Pelecanidae within Pelecaniformes and families Alcidae, Laridae, and Stercorariidae within Charadriiformes)
Shorebirds (waders, order Char |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fijivirus | Fijivirus is a genus of double-stranded RNA viruses in the family Reoviridae and subfamily Spinareovirinae. Plants serve as natural hosts. Diseases associated with this genus include: galls (tumours) in infected plants and Fiji disease, with severe stunting, deformation and death. The group name derives from Fiji island the place where the first virus was isolated. There are nine species in this genus.
Structure
Fijivirus genome composition contains ten linear double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and is carried within virus particles referred to as virions. The Fijivirus genome is constructed inside the virion and is non-enveloped. It contains two separate layers of capsids, an inner and an outer layer, which are constructed by proteins that shell the virus. The capsids are of icosahedral symmetry (T=2 for inner capsid, T=13 for outer capsid), and have an obvious round structure, which is on average 65–70 nm in diameter. Genomes are linear and segmented, around 4.5 kbp in length. The genome codes for 12 proteins.
Replication
Replications of the Fijivirus occurs within the cytoplasm; the virus will diffuse through the cytoplasm of the cell. Transcription of the dsRNA genome occurs inside the virion, and this is important so that the dsRNA is not exposed to the cytoplasm. Transcription results in a positive strand that is then used as the template for translation. The positive RNAs become enclosed within the virion, and then are transcribed to give RNA molecules. With the newly forme |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA%20club%20competition%20records%20and%20statistics |
Clubs
UEFA club competition winners
Real Madrid hold the record for the most overall titles (24) while Milan has the most UEFA Super Cup wins (5), a record shared with Barcelona and Real Madrid. The Madrid club have a record 14 titles achieved in the UEFA Champions League and its predecessor. Barcelona have a record four titles in the Cup Winners' Cup while Sevilla have a record of seven UEFA Cup and Europa League titles. Roma and West Ham United have each won one UEFA Europa Conference League title. Finally, German clubs Hamburger SV, Schalke 04, and VfB Stuttgart, as well as Spanish club Villarreal, are the record holders by titles won in the UEFA Intertoto Cup (two each).
Ranking main European club competitions' winning club sides by winning percentage
This is a ranking of all club sides which have won one of the three main European competitions, past or present.
Bayern Munich are the only team to finish a continental competition with a 100% winning record, achieving that milestone in 2020 as part of a modified tournament structure with a final eight in a neutral venue held in a single elimination match due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe.
Top 15 club sides
Qualifying and preliminary round matches are not included, neither are play-off matches; results of penalty shoot-outs are considered the score which preceded them (including extra time).
Table key
List of teams to have won the three main European club competitions
To date, five clubs have won all three ma |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A1tima%20Choi | Fátima Choi Mei Lei (born 1958) MSc, BSc, was a Commissioner of Audit in Macau.
Born in Macau, Choi obtained a Master of Science degree in statistics and Bachelor of Science degree in mathematics from the University of Essex.
She was an assistant researcher in Hong Kong Polytechnic University and Chinese University of Hong Kong from 1985 to 1986. She joined the statistics and census department of the Macau government. Choi held other positions in the local government:
Senior Technician
Department Chief of Social Affairs and Accountants 1991–1995
Deputy Director 1995–1997
Director 1997–1999
Choi was the first Chinese official at the director's level after localization in Macau prior to the handover.
References
1958 births
Living people
Macau women in politics
Macau people
Alumni of the University of Essex |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bietti%27s%20crystalline%20dystrophy | Bietti's crystalline dystrophy (BCD) is a rare autosomal recessive eye disease named after G. B. Bietti.
BCD is a rare disease and appears to be more common in people with Asian ancestry.
Presentation
Symptoms of BCD include:
Crystals in the cornea (the clear covering of the eye)
Yellow, shiny deposits on the retina
Progressive atrophy of the retina, choriocapillaries and choroid (the back layers of the eye). This tends to lead to progressive night blindness and visual field constriction.
Genetics
BCD is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. This means the defective gene responsible for the disorder is located on an autosome, and two copies of the defective gene (one inherited from each parent) are required in order to be born with the disorder. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive disorder both carry one copy of the defective gene, but usually do not experience any signs or symptoms of the disorder.
BCD is associated with mutations in the CYP4V2 gene.
The nematode C. elegans has a duplicated gene (cyp31A2 and cyp31A3) that are orthologous of the human gene.
These genes code for cytochrome P450s involved in fatty acid synthesis.
Diagnosis
Treatment
At this time, there is no treatment for BCD. Genetic studies are being conducted to find treatments for patients with BCD.
References
External links
Autosomal recessive disorders
Rare diseases
Disorders of choroid and retina |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecistops | Mecistops is a genus of crocodiles, the slender-snouted crocodiles, native to sub-Saharan Africa.
Taxonomy and etymology
Traditionally placed in Crocodylus, recent studies in DNA and morphology have shown that it is in fact basal to Crocodylus, thus was moved its own genus. This genus itself was long considered to contain only one species, M. cataphractus, but recent genetic analysis has revealed the existence of two species: the West African slender-snouted crocodile (M. cataphractus) and the Central African slender-snouted crocodile (M. leptorhynchus). Both species diverged during the Miocene (about 6.5–7.5 million years ago) and are separated by the Cameroon Volcanic Line.
Phylogeny
The cladogram below is based on two studies that combined morphological and molecular (DNA sequencing) data.
(Note that most morphological analyses find a closer relationship between Euthecodon and Brochuchus.)
Alternatively, other morphological studies have recovered Mecistops as a basal member of Crocodylinae, more closely related to Crocodylus than to Osteolaemus and the other members of Osteolaeminae, as shown in the cladogram below.
Extant Species
Etymology
The genus name Mecistops is most probably derived from the Ancient Greek words μήκιστ (mēkist) meaning "longest" and ὄψις (ópsis) meaning "aspect" or "appearance" or ὄψ (óps) meaning 'face'.
Description
Slender-snouted crocodiles are native to freshwater habitats in central and western Africa. They prefer highly vegetated bodie |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolidine | 2-Tolidine (orthotolidine, o-tolidine; not to be confused with o-toluidine) is an organic compound with the chemical formula (C6H4(CH3)NH2)2. Several isomers are known; the 3-tolidine derivative is also important commercially. It is a colorless compound although commercial samples are often colored. It is slightly soluble in water. It forms salts with acids, such as the hydrochloride, which is commercially available.
2-Tolidine can be produced by many benzidine rearrangement from a hydrazine derivative derived from 2-nitrotoluene.
(CH3C6H4)2N2H2 → (C6H3(CH3)NH2)2
Uses
2-Tolidine aromatic amine used mainly for dye production. 2-Tolidine is an intermediate for the production of soluble azo dyes and insoluble pigments used particularly in the textile, leather and paper industries.
It has also for the production of certain elastomers.
2-Tolidine was widely used as a reagent or indicator in analytical, clinical and forensic chemistry, such as in the analytical determination of gold, or determination of the chlorine level in swimming pool water.
Safety
2-Tolidine is toxic and possibly carcinogenic. It is listed as an IARC Group 2B carcinogen, meaning it is "possibly carcinogenic to humans". Animal studies have shown that animals exposed to tolidine developed tumors in the liver, kidney, and mammary glands.
References
Biphenyls |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Nitroaniline | 2-Nitroaniline is an organic compound with the formula H2NC6H4NO2. It is a derivative of aniline, carrying a nitro functional group in position 2. It is mainly used as a precursor to o-phenylenediamine.
Synthesis
2-Nitroaniline is prepared commercially by the reaction of 2-nitrochlorobenzene with ammonia:
ClC6H4NO2 + 2 NH3 → H2NC6H4NO2 + NH4Cl
Many other methods exist for the synthesis of this compound. Direct nitration of aniline is inefficient since anilinium is produced instead. Nitration of acetanilide gives only traces of 2-nitro isomer is obtained due to the great steric effect of the amide. Sulfonation is usually used to block the 4 position and increases the effectiveness to 56%.
Uses and reactions
2-Nitroaniline is the main precursor to phenylenediamines, which are converted to benzimidazoles, a family of heterocycles that are key components in pharmaceuticals.
Aside from its reduction to phenylenediamine, 2-nitroaniline undergoes other reactions anticipated for aromatic amines. It is protonated to give the anilinium salts. Owing to the influence of the nitro substituent, the amine exhibits a basicity nearly 100,000x lower than aniline itself. Diazotization gives diazonium derivative, which is a precursor to some diazo dyes. Acetylation affords 2-nitroacetanilide.
See also
3-Nitroaniline
4-Nitroaniline
References
External links
Analysis of 2-Nitroaniline
Anilines
Nitrobenzenes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitroaniline | The term nitroaniline in chemistry refers to a derivative of aniline (C6H5NH2) containing a nitro group (—NO2) There are three simple nitroanilines of formula C6H4(NH2)(NO2) which differ only in the position of the nitro group:
2-Nitroaniline
3-Nitroaniline
4-Nitroaniline
Some more complicated molecules with other substituents can also be referred to as nitroanilines, for example 4-chloro-3-nitro-aniline. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immature%20ovum | An immature ovum is a cell that goes through the process of oogenesis to become an ovum. It can be an oogonium, an oocyte, or an ootid. An oocyte, in turn, can be either primary or secondary, depending on how far it has come in its process of meiosis.
Oogonium
Oogonia are the cells that turn into primary oocytes in oogenesis. They are diploid, i.e.
Oogonia are created in early embryonic life. All have turned into primary oocytes at late fetal age.
Primary oocyte
The primary oocyte is defined by its process of ootidogenesis, which is meiosis. It has duplicated its DNA, so that each chromosome has two chromatids, i.e. 92 chromatids all in all (4C).
When meiosis I is completed, one secondary oocyte and one polar body is created.
Primary oocytes have been created in late fetal life. This is the stage where immature ova spend most of their lifetime, more specifically in diplotene of prophase I of meiosis. The halt is called dictyate. Most degenerate by atresia, but a few go through ovulation, and that's the trigger to the next step. Thus, an immature ovum can spend up to ~55 years as a primary oocyte (the last ovulation before menopause).
Secondary oocyte
The secondary oocyte is the cell that is formed by meiosis I in oogenesis. Thus, it has only one of each pair of homologous chromosomes. In other words, it is haploid. However, each chromosome still has two chromatids, making a total of 46 chromatids (1N but 2C). The secondary oocyte continues the second stage of meiosi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic%20Fredholm%20theorem | In mathematics, the analytic Fredholm theorem is a result concerning the existence of bounded inverses for a family of bounded linear operators on a Hilbert space. It is the basis of two classical and important theorems, the Fredholm alternative and the Hilbert–Schmidt theorem. The result is named after the Swedish mathematician Erik Ivar Fredholm.
Statement of the theorem
Let be a domain (an open and connected set). Let be a real or complex Hilbert space and let Lin(H) denote the space of bounded linear operators from H into itself; let I denote the identity operator. Let be a mapping such that
B is analytic on G in the sense that the limit exists for all ; and
the operator B(λ) is a compact operator for each .
Then either
does not exist for any ; or
exists for every , where S is a discrete subset of G (i.e., S has no limit points in G). In this case, the function taking λ to is analytic on and, if , then the equation has a finite-dimensional family of solutions.
References
(Theorem 8.92)
Fredholm theory
Theorems in functional analysis
Theorems in complex analysis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0rna | Carna or Càrna is an island in Loch Sunart, an arm of the sea, close to the Ardnamurchan peninsula, on the west coast of Scotland.
Geography
Carna lies wedged across the mouth of Loch Teacuis in the middle of Loch Sunart, forming two narrow kyles which provide some of the trickiest rock-dodging for yachtsmen anywhere on the west coast. Moine schist bedrock of quartz-feldspar constitution, with mixed schists and mica schists in a west coastal strip. A north–south ridge divides the island in two. From the heather covered rocky peak of Cruachan Chàrna, there are extensive views over Oronsay, Loch Sunart, Morvern, Coll and Isle of Mull.
Wildlife
Carna contains a wide variety of habitats that support a large range of native wildlife species including otters, sea and golden eagles, orchids, harbour seals, Arctic terns, foxes, red deer, water shrews, woodpeckers, cuckoos, herons, curlews and kestrels. The island's habitats include wild flower meadows, native Atlantic Oakwood and Scots Pine woodlands, hill grazing, heather moorland and wetland habitats which is a diverse selection for a small island and helps support a wide biodiversity.
Scotland hosts the only populations of European wildcat (sub-species Felis sylvestris grampia) in the British Isles, with numbers estimated at between 400 and 2,000 animals. In 2013 it was announced that the island of Càrna is to provide a sanctuary and breeding station in order to protect the threatened species.
In 2014 Carna Conservation Initia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%E2%80%93Schmidt%20theorem | In mathematical analysis, the Hilbert–Schmidt theorem, also known as the eigenfunction expansion theorem, is a fundamental result concerning compact, self-adjoint operators on Hilbert spaces. In the theory of partial differential equations, it is very useful in solving elliptic boundary value problems.
Statement of the theorem
Let (H, ⟨ , ⟩) be a real or complex Hilbert space and let A : H → H be a bounded, compact, self-adjoint operator. Then there is a sequence of non-zero real eigenvalues λi, i = 1, …, N, with N equal to the rank of A, such that |λi| is monotonically non-increasing and, if N = +∞,
Furthermore, if each eigenvalue of A is repeated in the sequence according to its multiplicity, then there exists an orthonormal set φi, i = 1, …, N, of corresponding eigenfunctions, i.e.,
Moreover, the functions φi form an orthonormal basis for the range of A and A can be written as
References
(Theorem 8.94)
(Section 16.6)
Operator theory
Theorems in functional analysis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azlon | Azlon is a synthetic textile fiber composed of protein material derived from natural sources such as soy, peanut, milk or corn. Currently it is used in clothing.
Regulation
Canada
Under the Textile Labeling and Advertising Regulations, Section 26(f), Azlon is defined as any fiber made from regenerated protein.
United States
The name "Azlon" is regulated by the Federal Trade Commission, § 303.7(g) Rules and Regulations Under the Textile Fiber Products Identification Act. However, there is currently no domestic production.
Azlon is the common generic name for all man-made protein fibers. Aralac was a registered trademark of Aralac, Inc., a division of National Dairy Products Corporation. Its production from unrationed skimmed-milk supplies may have contributed to its popularization during the Second World War.
United Kingdom
Azlon is also a brand of plastic labware. It is a registered trade mark of SciLabware Limited.
See also
Casein
Milk fiber
References
External links
Meet the Azlons from A to Z: Regenerated & Rejuvenated
Azlon Fiber
Synthetic fibers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zev%20Hirsch%20Bernstein | Zev Hirsch Bernstein (1847 in Władysławów, Augustów Governorate, Congress Poland – 1907 in Tannersville, New York) was the author and compiler of the Hatsofe B'Erez Hachadosho, the first Hebrew periodical in the United States.
Bernstein emigrated to the United States in 1870. That summer he tried publishing two newspapers with no success. In 1871, he commenced the Hatsofe, which ran for five years. After the publication ceased he became a banker. Bernstein was also the organizer of the Hebrew Encyclopedia Co.
References
Goldman, Yosef. Hebrew Printing in America, (YGBooks 2006).
1847 births
1907 deaths
People from Kudirkos Naumiestis
People from Augustów Governorate
Lithuanian Jews
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States
American people of Lithuanian-Jewish descent
19th-century American newspaper publishers (people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimrud%20lens | The Nimrud lens, also called Layard lens, is an 8th-century BC piece of rock crystal which was unearthed in 1850 by Austen Henry Layard at the Assyrian palace of Nimrud in modern-day Iraq. It may have been used as a magnifying glass or as a burning-glass to start fires by concentrating sunlight, or it may have been a piece of decorative inlay.
Description
The lens is slightly oval and was roughly ground, perhaps on a lapidary wheel. It has a focal point about from the flat side and a focal length of about 12 cm. This would make it equivalent to a 3× magnifying glass. The surface of the lens has twelve cavities that were opened during grinding, which would have contained naphtha or some other fluid trapped in the raw crystal. The lens is said to be able to focus sunlight although the focus is far from perfect. Because the lens is made from natural rock crystal, the material of the lens has not deteriorated significantly over time.
The Nimrud lens is on display in the British Museum.
Interpretation
The function of the lens is not clear, with some authors suggesting that it was used as an optical lens and others suggesting a decorative function.
Assyrian craftsmen made intricate engravings and could have used a magnifying lens in their work. The discoverer of the lens noted that he had found very small inscriptions on Assyrian artefacts which he suspected had been achieved with the aid of a lens.
Italian scientist Giovanni Pettinato of the University of Rome has proposed t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10-simplex | In geometry, a 10-simplex is a self-dual regular 10-polytope. It has 11 vertices, 55 edges, 165 triangle faces, 330 tetrahedral cells, 462 5-cell 4-faces, 462 5-simplex 5-faces, 330 6-simplex 6-faces, 165 7-simplex 7-faces, 55 8-simplex 8-faces, and 11 9-simplex 9-faces. Its dihedral angle is cos−1(1/10), or approximately 84.26°.
It can also be called a hendecaxennon, or hendeca-10-tope, as an 11-facetted polytope in 10-dimensions. The name hendecaxennon is derived from hendeca for 11 facets in Greek and -xenn (variation of ennea for nine), having 9-dimensional facets, and -on.
Coordinates
The Cartesian coordinates of the vertices of an origin-centered regular 10-simplex having edge length 2 are:
More simply, the vertices of the 10-simplex can be positioned in 11-space as permutations of (0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1). This construction is based on facets of the 11-orthoplex.
Images
Related polytopes
The 2-skeleton of the 10-simplex is topologically related to the 11-cell abstract regular polychoron which has the same 11 vertices, 55 edges, but only 1/3 the faces (55).
References
Coxeter, H.S.M.:
(Paper 22)
(Paper 23)
(Paper 24)
External links
Polytopes of Various Dimensions
Multi-dimensional Glossary
10-polytopes |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.