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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothelial%20stem%20cell
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Endothelial stem cells (ESCs) are one of three types of stem cells found in bone marrow. They are multipotent, which describes the ability to give rise to many cell types, whereas a pluripotent stem cell can give rise to all types. ESCs have the characteristic properties of a stem cell: self-renewal and differentiation. These parent stem cells, ESCs, give rise to progenitor cells, which are intermediate stem cells that lose potency. Progenitor stem cells are committed to differentiating along a particular cell developmental pathway. ESCs will eventually produce endothelial cells (ECs), which create the thin-walled endothelium that lines the inner surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. The lymphatic vessels include things such as arteries and veins. Endothelial cells can be found throughout the whole vascular system and they also play a vital role in the movement of white blood cells
Development
ECs were first thought to arise from extraembryonic tissues because blood vessels were observed in the avian and mammalian embryos. However, after histological analysis, it was seen that ECs were found just in the embryo. This meant that blood vessels come from an intraembryonic source, the mesoderm. Since these cells come from the mesoderm, it can become a wide variety of different things found in many different parts of the body. Role of insulin-like growth factors in endothelium differentiation
ECs derived from stem cells are the beginning of vasculogenesis. Vasculogenes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotic%20chromosome%20structure
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Eukaryotic chromosome structure refers to the levels of packaging from raw DNA molecules to the chromosomal structures seen during metaphase in mitosis or meiosis. Chromosomes contain long strands of DNA containing genetic information. Compared to prokaryotic chromosomes, eukaryotic chromosomes are much larger in size and are linear chromosomes. Eukaryotic chromosomes are also stored in the cell nucleus, while chromosomes of prokaryotic cells are not stored in a nucleus. Eukaryotic chromosomes require a higher level of packaging to condense the DNA molecules into the cell nucleus because of the larger amount of DNA. This level of packaging includes the wrapping of DNA around proteins called histones in order to form condensed nucleosomes.
History
The double helix was discovered in 1953 by James Watson and Francis Crick. Other researchers made very important, but unconnected findings about the composition of DNA. Ultimately it was Watson and Crick who put all of these findings together to come up with a model for DNA. Later, chemist Alexander Todd determined that the backbone of a DNA molecule contained repeating phosphate and deoxyribose sugar groups. The biochemist Erwin Chargaff found that adenine and thymine always paired while cytosine and guanine always paired. High resolution X-ray images of DNA that were obtained by Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin suggested a helical, or corkscrew like shape. Some of the first scientists to recognize the structures now known as
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin%20infection
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A skin infection is an infection of the skin in humans and other animals, that can also affect the associated soft tissues such as loose connective tissue and mucous membranes. They comprise a category of infections termed skin and skin structure infections (SSSIs), or skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), and acute bacterial SSSIs (ABSSSIs). They are distinguished from dermatitis (inflammation of the skin), although skin infections can result in skin inflammation.
Causes
Bacterial
Bacterial skin infections affected about 155 million people and cellulitis occurred in about 600 million people in 2013. Bacterial skin infections include:
Cellulitis, a diffuse inflammation of connective tissue with severe inflammation of dermal and subcutaneous layers of the skin. Further, cellulitis can be classified based into purulent and non-purulent cellulitis, based on the most likely causative agent and the symptoms presentation. Purulent cellulitis is often caused by Staphylococcus aureus, including both methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Non-purulent cellulitis is most often associated with group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, such as Streptococcus pyogenes. In rare cases, the infection can progress into necrotizing fasciitis, a serious and potentially fatal infection.
Erysipelas, a bacterial infection which primarily affects superficial dermis, and often involves superficial lymphatics. Unlike cellulitis, it does not affect deeper layers of
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monotone%20class%20theorem
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In measure theory and probability, the monotone class theorem connects monotone classes and -algebras. The theorem says that the smallest monotone class containing an algebra of sets is precisely the smallest -algebra containing It is used as a type of transfinite induction to prove many other theorems, such as Fubini's theorem.
Definition of a monotone class
A is a family (i.e. class) of sets that is closed under countable monotone unions and also under countable monotone intersections. Explicitly, this means has the following properties:
if and then and
if and then
Monotone class theorem for sets
Monotone class theorem for functions
Proof
The following argument originates in Rick Durrett's Probability: Theory and Examples.
Results and applications
As a corollary, if is a ring of sets, then the smallest monotone class containing it coincides with the -ring of
By invoking this theorem, one can use monotone classes to help verify that a certain collection of subsets is a -algebra.
The monotone class theorem for functions can be a powerful tool that allows statements about particularly simple classes of functions to be generalized to arbitrary bounded and measurable functions.
See also
Citations
References
Families of sets
Theorems in measure theory
fr:Lemme de classe monotone
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Importer%20%28computing%29
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An importer is a software application that reads in a data file or metadata information in one format and converts it to another format via special algorithms (such as filters). An importer often is not an entire program by itself, but an extension to another program, implemented as a plug-in. When implemented in this way, the importer reads the data from the file and converts it into the hosting application's native format.
For example, the data file for a 3D model may be written from a modeler, such as 3D Studio Max. A game developer may then want to use that model in their game's editor. An importer, part of the editor, may read in the 3D Studio Max model and convert it to the game's native format so it can be used in game levels.
Importers are important tools in the video game industry. A plug-in or application that does the converse of an importer is called an exporter.
See also
Data scraping
Web scraping
Report mining
Mashup (web application hybrid)
Metadata
Comparison of feed aggregators
Video game development
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exporter%20%28computing%29
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An exporter is a software application that writes out a data file in a format different from its native format. It does this via special algorithms (such as filters). An exporter often is not an entire program by itself, but an extension to another program, implemented as a plug-in. When implemented in this way, the exporter converts the hosting application's native format into the desired format and writes it to the file.
For example, a 3D model may be written with a modeler, such as 3D Studio Max. A game developer may want to use that model in its game, but uses a custom format that is different from 3D Studio Max's native format. Using the exporter, the model can be saved in the developer's native format and then read into the game (or a tool) without any extra conversion. Using exporters, game tools can also export from their native format into formats for other applications (such as the modeler or a paint program, such as Photoshop).
Exporters are important tools in the video game industry. A plug-in or application that does the converse of an exporter is called an importer. Importers and exporters are often used in conjunction with one another in many software development environments.
Video game development
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumscriptional%20name
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In biological classification, circumscriptional names are taxon names that are not ruled by ICZN and are defined by the particular set of members included. Circumscriptional names are used mainly for taxa above family-group level (e. g. order or class), but can be also used for taxa of any ranks, as well as for rank-less taxa.
Non-typified names other than those of the genus- or species-group constitute the majority of generally accepted names of taxa higher than superfamily. The ICZN regulates names of taxa up to family group rank (i. e. superfamily). There are no generally accepted rules of naming higher taxa (orders, classes, phyla, etc.). Under the approach of circumscription-based (circumscriptional) nomenclatures, a circumscriptional name is associated with a certain circumscription of a taxon without regard of its rank or position.
Some authors advocate introducing a mandatory standardized typified nomenclature of higher taxa. They suggest all names of higher taxa to be derived in the same manner as family-group names, i.e. by modifying names of type genera with endings to reflect the rank. There is no consensus on what such higher rank endings should be. A number of established practices exist as to the use of typified names of higher taxa, depending on animal group.
See also
Descriptive botanical name, optional forms still used in botany for ranks above family and for a few family names
References
Kluge, N. 2000. "Sovremennaya Sistematika Nasekomyh ..." [Mode
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid-crystal%20polymer
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Liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) are polymers with the property of liquid crystal, usually containing aromatic rings as mesogens. Despite uncrosslinked LCPs, polymeric materials like liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) and liquid crystal networks (LCNs) can exhibit liquid crystallinity as well. They are both crosslinked LCPs but have different cross link density. They are widely used in the digital display market. In addition, LCPs have unique properties like thermal actuation, anisotropic swelling, and soft elasticity. Therefore, they can be good actuators and sensors. One of the most famous and classical applications for LCPs is Kevlar, a strong but light fiber with wide applications, notably bulletproof vests.
Background
Liquid crystallinity in polymers may occur either by dissolving a polymer in a solvent (lyotropic liquid-crystal polymers) or by heating a polymer above its glass or melting transition point (thermotropic liquid-crystal polymers). Liquid-crystal polymers are present in melted/liquid or solid form. In solid form the main example of lyotropic LCPs is the commercial aramid known as Kevlar. Chemical structure of this aramid consists of linearly substituted aromatic rings linked by amide groups. In a similar way, several series of thermotropic LCPs have been commercially produced by several companies (e.g., Vectra / Celanese).
A high number of LCPs, produced in the 1980s, displayed order in the melt phase analogous to that exhibited by nonpolymeric liquid crystal
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project%20A-ko%203%3A%20Cinderella%20Rhapsody
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is a 1988 Japanese anime OVA release directed by Yuji Moriyama. It is the third installment of the Project A-ko series.
Plot
Project A-ko 3: Cinderella Rhapsody opens with a fluidly-animated dream sequence of A-ko, B-ko, and C-ko engaged in a game of pool. However, this has nothing to do with the rest of the storyline.
It's Spring Break for the students of Graviton High. While B-ko plots to whisk C-ko away to some secluded location, C-ko dreams only of spending time with A-ko, having fun as usual. A-ko, however, has other plans. She decides that it's time to "stop hanging around" with C-ko and find a boyfriend.
Unsatisfied with her wardrobe, she gets a job at a local fast food restaurant to earn money to buy new clothes. This leaves C-Ko feeling quite lonely, so she spends most of her days waiting for A-ko to get off of work.
One day, A-ko (literally) runs into Kei Yuki, a handsome biker. To her great delight, Kei returns to the restaurant where she works and seems to hang about. B-ko also notices Kei and decides to "steal" him from A-ko. Later, C-ko sees A-ko and Kei arriving on Kei's motorcycle. She runs up to A-ko and snarls and hisses at Kei like a feral cat, angry that he is robbing her of A-ko's affections.
A-ko and B-ko's battle for the habitually silent Kei culminates in a disastrous "date" at the Alpha Cygnans' Space Hotel. During the posh event, A-ko realizes that she removed her magic armbands which keep her powers under control. Without them, her strength is
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-order%20partial%20differential%20equation
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In mathematics, a first-order partial differential equation is a partial differential equation that involves only first derivatives of the unknown function of n variables. The equation takes the form
Such equations arise in the construction of characteristic surfaces for hyperbolic partial differential equations, in the calculus of variations, in some geometrical problems, and in simple models for gas dynamics whose solution involves the method of characteristics. If a family of solutions
of a single first-order partial differential equation can be found, then additional solutions may be obtained by forming envelopes of solutions in that family. In a related procedure, general solutions may be obtained by integrating families of ordinary differential equations.
General solution and complete integral
The general solution to the first order partial differential equation is a solution which contains an arbitrary function. But, the solution to the first order partial differential equations with as many arbitrary constants as the number of independent variables is called the complete integral. The following n-parameter family of solutions
is a complete integral if . The below discussions on the type of integrals are based on the textbook A Treatise on Differential Equations (Chaper IX, 6th edition, 1928) by Andrew Forsyth.
Complete integral
The solutions are described in relatively simple manner in two or three dimensions with which the key concepts are trivially extended to
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GTP%20cyclohydrolase%20I
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GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH) () is a member of the GTP cyclohydrolase family of enzymes. GTPCH is part of the folate and biopterin biosynthesis pathways. It is responsible for the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to form 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate (7,8-DHNP-3'-TP, 7,8-NH2-3'-TP).
Gene
GTPCH is encoded by the gene GCH1. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described; however, not all of the variants give rise to a functional enzyme.
Clinical significance
At least 94 disease-causing mutations in this gene have been discovered. Mutations in this gene are associated with two disorders: autosomal recessive GTP cyclohydrolase I deficiency and autosomal dominant GTP cyclohydrolase I deficiency. These may present with malignant phenylketonuria (PKU) and hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) and lead to a lack of certain neurotransmitters (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine and serotonin). The dominant form, with mutation in only one of the two alleles for GTP cyclohydrolase I, causes dopamine-responsive dystonia, characterized by childhood-onset dystonia. Patients with the recessive form have mutations in both alleles for GTP cyclohydrolase I. Patients present with developmental delays and neurological dysfunction with trunk hypotonia, hypertonia of the extremities, abnormal movements, tremors, convulsions, and sometimes autonomic dysfunction. Response to treatment is variable and the long-term and functional outcome
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GTP%20cyclohydrolase
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GTP cyclohydrolases are enzymes that catalyze imidazole ring opening of guanosine triphosphate (GTP). This reaction is the committed step in the biosynthesis of multiple coenzymes (such as riboflavin and folate), tRNA bases, and the phytotoxin toxoflavin. Several GTP cyclohydrolases exist, which sometimes synthesize different products for different pruposes:
GTP cyclohydrolase I, part of the tetrahydrobiopterin, tetrahydrofolate, queuosine and other biosynthetic pathways
GTP cyclohydrolase Ia,
GTP cyclohydrolase Ib, part of the tetrahydrobiopterin, tetrahydrofolate, queueosine and other biosynthetic pathways
GTP cyclohydrolase II, part of the riboflavin and toxoflavin biosynthetic pathways
GTP cyclohydrolase IIa (or GTP cyclohydrolase III), part of the riboflavin and deazaflavin cofactor biosynthetic pathways
GTP cyclohydrolase IV
GTP cyclohydrolase MptA, GTP cyclohydrolase Ib paralog
These enzymes require divalent cations for catalysis.
References
EC 3.5.4
Hydrolases
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelet%20modulation
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Wavelet modulation, also known as fractal modulation, is a modulation technique that makes use of wavelet transformations to represent the data being transmitted. One of the objectives of this type of modulation is to send data at multiple rates over a channel that is unknown. If the channel is not clear for one specific bit rate, meaning that the signal will not be received, the signal can be sent at a different bit rate where the signal-to-noise ratio is higher.
References
Quantized radio modulation modes
Wavelets
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enumerated%20type
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In computer programming, an enumerated type (also called enumeration, enum, or factor in the R programming language, and a categorical variable in statistics) is a data type consisting of a set of named values called elements, members, enumeral, or enumerators of the type. The enumerator names are usually identifiers that behave as constants in the language. An enumerated type can be seen as a degenerate tagged union of unit type. A variable that has been declared as having an enumerated type can be assigned any of the enumerators as a value. In other words, an enumerated type has values that are different from each other, and that can be compared and assigned, but are not specified by the programmer as having any particular concrete representation in the computer's memory; compilers and interpreters can represent them arbitrarily.
For example, the four suits in a deck of playing cards may be four enumerators named Club, Diamond, Heart, and Spade, belonging to an enumerated type named suit. If a variable V is declared having suit as its data type, one can assign any of those four values to it.
Although the enumerators are usually distinct, some languages may allow the same enumerator to be listed twice in the type's declaration. The names of enumerators need not be semantically complete or compatible in any sense. For example, an enumerated type called color may be defined to consist of the enumerators Red, Green, Zebra, Missing, and Bacon. In some languages, the declarat
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotic%20chromosome%20fine%20structure
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Eukaryotic chromosome fine structure refers to the structure of sequences for eukaryotic chromosomes. Some fine sequences are included in more than one class, so the classification listed is not intended to be completely separate.
Chromosomal characteristics
Some sequences are required for a properly functioning chromosome:
Centromere: Used during cell division as the attachment point for the spindle fibers.
Telomere: Used to maintain chromosomal integrity by capping off the ends of the linear chromosomes. This region is a microsatellite, but its function is more specific than a simple tandem repeat.
Throughout the eukaryotic kingdom, the overall structure of chromosome ends is conserved and is characterized by the telomeric tract - a series of short G-rich repeats. This is succeeded by an extensive subtelomeric region consisting of various types and lengths of repeats - the telomere associated sequences (TAS). These regions are generally low in gene density, low in transcription, low in recombination, late replicating, are involved in protecting the end from degradation and end-to-end fusions and in completing replication. The subtelomeric repeats can rescue chromosome ends when telomerase fails, buffer subtelomerically located genes against transcriptional silencing and protect the genome from deleterious rearrangements due to ectopic recombination. They may also be involved in fillers for increasing chromosome size to some minimum threshold level necessary for chromo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefly%20luciferase
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Firefly luciferase is the light-emitting enzyme responsible for the bioluminescence of fireflies and click beetles. The enzyme catalyses the oxidation of firefly luciferin, requiring oxygen and ATP. Because of the requirement of ATP, firefly luciferases have been used extensively in biotechnology.
Mechanism of reaction
The chemical reaction catalyzed by firefly luciferase takes place in two steps:
luciferin + ATP → luciferyl adenylate + PPi
luciferyl adenylate + O2 → oxyluciferin + AMP + light
Light is produced because the reaction forms oxyluciferin in an electronically excited state. The reaction releases a photon of light as oxyluciferin goes back to the ground state.
Luciferyl adenylate can additionally participate in a side reaction with O2 to form hydrogen peroxide and dehydroluciferyl-AMP. About 20% of the luciferyl adenylate intermediate is oxidized in this pathway.
Firefly luciferase generates light from luciferin in a multistep process. First, D-luciferin is adenylated by MgATP to form luciferyl adenylate and pyrophosphate. After activation by ATP, luciferyl adenylate is oxidized by molecular oxygen to form a dioxetanone ring. A decarboxylation reaction forms an excited state of oxyluciferin, which tautomerizes between the keto-enol form. The reaction finally emits light as oxyluciferin returns to the ground state.
Bifunctionality
Luciferase can function in two different pathways: a bioluminescence pathway and a CoA-ligase pathway. In both pathways, luc
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical%20points%20of%20the%20elements%20%28data%20page%29
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Critical point
References
CRC.a-d
David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 6, Fluid Properties; Critical Constants. Also agrees with Celsius values from Section 4: Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds, Melting, Boiling, Triple, and Critical Point Temperatures of the Elements
Estimated accuracy for Tc and Pc is indicated by the number of digits. Above 750 K Tc values may be in error by 10 K or more. Vc values are not assumed accurate more than to a few percent. Parentheses indicate extrapolated values. From these sources:
(a) D. Ambrose, Vapor-Liquid Constants of Fluids, in R.M. Stevenson, S. Malanowski, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, Elsevier, New York, (1987).
(b) I.G. Dillon, P.A. Nelson, B.S. Swanson, J. Chem. Phys. 44, 4229, (1966).
(c) O. Sifner, J. Klomfar, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 23, 63, (1994).
(d) N.B. Vargaftik, Int. J. Thermophys. 11, 467, (1990).
LNG
J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 6; Table 6.5 Critical Properties
KAL
National Physical Laboratory, Kaye and Laby Tables of Physical and Chemical Constants; D. Ambrose, M.B. Ewing, M.L. McGlashan, Critical constants and second virial coefficients of gases (retrieved Dec 2005)
SMI
W.E. Forsythe (ed.), Smithsonian Physical Tables 9th ed., online version (1954; Knovel 2003). Table 259, Critical Temperatures, Pressures, and Densiti
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KGB%20Archiver
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KGB Archiver is a discontinued file archiver and data compression utility that employs the PAQ6 compression algorithm. Written in Visual C++ by Tomasz Pawlak, KGB Archiver is designed to achieve a very high compression ratio. It has ten levels of compression, from very weak to maximum. However, at higher compression levels, the time required to compress a file increases significantly. As a consequence, the program uses memory and CPU intensively.
KGB Archiver is free and open-source, released under the terms of the GNU General Public License. Version 2 beta 2 is available for Microsoft Windows and a command-line version of KGB Archiver 1.0 is available for Unix-like operating systems.
Features
Native .kgb files and .zip files
AES-256 encryption
Creating self-extracting archives
Unicode support in both the user interface and file system interactions
Shell extension for Windows
System requirements
The minimum requirements for running KGB Archiver are:
1.5 GHz processor
256 MB RAM
See also
Comparison of file archivers
RAR (file format)
ZPAQ
References
External links
File archivers
Free data compression software
Free file managers
Free software programmed in C++
Windows compression software
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neglect%20of%20probability
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The neglect of probability, a type of cognitive bias, is the tendency to disregard probability when making a decision under uncertainty and is one simple way in which people regularly violate the normative rules for decision making. Small risks are typically either neglected entirely or hugely overrated. The continuum between the extremes is ignored. The term probability neglect was coined by Cass Sunstein.
There are many related ways in which people violate the normative rules of decision making with regard to probability including the hindsight bias, the neglect of prior base rates effect, and the gambler's fallacy. However, this bias is different, in that, rather than incorrectly using probability, the actor disregards it.
"We have no intuitive grasp of risk and thus distinguish poorly among different threats," Dobelli has written. "The more serious the threat and the more emotional the topic (such as radioactivity), the less reassuring a reduction in risk seems to us."
Studies
Adults
In a 1972 experiment, participants were divided into two groups, with the former being told they would receive a mild electric shock and the latter told that there was a 50 percent chance they would receive such a shock. When the subjects' physical anxiety was measured, there was no difference between the two groups. This lack of difference remained even when the second group's chance of being shocked was lowered to 20 percent, then ten, then five. The conclusion: "we respond to the expec
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serra%20do%20Mar%20coastal%20forests
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The Serra do Mar coastal forests is an ecoregion of the tropical moist forests biome. It is part of the Atlantic Forest of eastern South America. This ecoregion has an outstanding biodiversity consisting of flora, mammals, birds, and herpetofauna.
Geography
The Serra do Mar mountain range defines this ecoregion. The Serra do Mar coastal forests extend from the Atlantic coast up the seaward-facing slopes of the Serra do Mar, along the southern coast of Brazil for about .
The ecoregion lies within the states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul.
Climate
The climate is subtropical with high levels of annual rainfall. Annual rainfall ranges from 1,400 to 4,000 millimeters without a dry season.
Flora
The plant communities in the ecoregion include coastal scrub, lowland rain forests, and montane rain forests.
The lowland rain forests are composed of four strata, including a dense canopy layer and emergent trees which grow up to 30 meters high. Common canopy and emergent trees include species from the plant families Leguminosae (Copaifera trapezifolia), Sapotaceae (species of Pouteria and Chrysophyllum), and Lauraceae.
Tropical montane cloud forests occur from 1,200 to 1,500 meters elevation in the northern portion of the ecoregion, and 700 to 1100 meters in the south. They are found on seaward-facing mountain slopes with high rainfall and frequent year-round cloud cover.
Tropical montane cloud forests ar
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock%20%28British%20group%29
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Clock were an English band primarily led by Stu Allan and Pete Pritchard and fronted by rapper Marcus Thomas (using the name ODC MC) and vocalist Lorna Saunders (using the name Tinka), though the single "Keep the Fires Burning" was sung by Georgia Lewis. They resembled many Eurodance acts of the time with a female singer and male rapper. Their earlier work was harder, similar to Cappella, but once they started releasing covers, their sound became more dance/pop oriented. Thomas left in 1998 to join the band Tzant, to be replaced by Ché-gun Peters.
They had a string of top 40 hits with nine covers during the 1990s on the UK Singles Chart. They also released hardcore versions of their hits under the name Visa. Clock broke up in 1999 due to a number of personal reasons; they were not able to continue at the same pace as they had before.
In 2004, Saunders appeared on BBC Television's Never Mind the Buzzcocks in the celebrity line-up. It was announced that she was now working as a legal secretary. In 2015, it was revealed that Saunders works as a lawyer for Jackamans and is married with two children.
Discography
Albums
Singles
References
External links
Lorna Saunders on LinkedIn
Jackamans Solicitors
English dance music groups
English pop music groups
English house music groups
British Eurodance groups
Musical groups established in 1993
Musical groups disestablished in 1999
Musical groups from Manchester
1993 establishments in England
1999 disestablishments in England
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frege%27s%20theorem
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In metalogic and metamathematics, Frege's theorem is a metatheorem that states that the Peano axioms of arithmetic can be derived in second-order logic from Hume's principle. It was first proven, informally, by Gottlob Frege in his 1884 Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik (The Foundations of Arithmetic) and proven more formally in his 1893 Grundgesetze der Arithmetik I (Basic Laws of Arithmetic I). The theorem was re-discovered by Crispin Wright in the early 1980s and has since been the focus of significant work. It is at the core of the philosophy of mathematics known as neo-logicism (at least of the Scottish School variety).
Overview
In The Foundations of Arithmetic (1884), and later, in Basic Laws of Arithmetic (vol. 1, 1893; vol. 2, 1903), Frege attempted to derive all of the laws of arithmetic from axioms he asserted as logical (see logicism). Most of these axioms were carried over from his Begriffsschrift; the one truly new principle was one he called the Basic Law V (now known as the axiom schema of unrestricted comprehension): the "value-range" of the function f(x) is the same as the "value-range" of the function g(x) if and only if ∀x[f(x) = g(x)]. However, not only did Basic Law V fail to be a logical proposition, but the resulting system proved to be inconsistent, because it was subject to Russell's paradox.
The inconsistency in Frege's Grundgesetze overshadowed Frege's achievement: according to Edward Zalta, the Grundgesetze "contains all the essential steps of a val
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attila%20Drag%C3%B3ner
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Attila Dragóner (born 15 November 1974 in Budapest) is a Hungarian former footballer.
He was a defender for Ferencvárosi Torna Club in Budapest, Hungary. Dragóner was a key player in defence and counterattacking. He played for Ferencvárosi TC, in his native Hungary. He also played for the Hungary national team.
Honours
Ferencvárosi TC
Nemzeti Bajnokság I: 2001, 2004; Runners-up: 1998, 2002, 2003
Magyar Kupa: 2003, 2004; Runner-up: 2005
Szuperkupa: 2004
References
External links
HLSZ profile
1974 births
Living people
Footballers from Budapest
Hungarian men's footballers
Hungary men's international footballers
Footballers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Olympic footballers for Hungary
Hungarian expatriate men's footballers
FC Veszprém footballers
Kiskőrösi FC footballers
Budapesti VSC footballers
Ferencvárosi TC footballers
SC Fortuna Köln players
Vitória S.C. players
2. Bundesliga players
Expatriate men's footballers in Germany
Hungarian expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal
Hungarian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Men's association football defenders
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morialta
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Morialta is a word derived from the Kaurna (Adelaide Plains Aboriginal) word mariyatala, with mari meaning east, and yertala meaning flowing water.
Morialta may refer to one of the following places in South Australia:
Electoral district of Morialta, an electoral district
Morialta Conservation Park, a protected area
See also
Norwood International High School, originally created from an amalgamation of Morialta High and Norwood High Schools
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edna%20Marion
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Edna Marion (born Edna Marion Hannam; December 12, 1906 – December 2, 1957) was an American silent motion picture actress who appeared in a number of Hal Roach comedy short films.
Career
Marion's career at the Hal Roach Studies ended abruptly on April 7, 1928, after being employed since April 25, 1927. She also worked for the Century, Paramount, and Universal film studios.
In 1926, Marion was named one of the WAMPAS Baby Stars, along with Mary Astor, Mary Brian, Dolores Costello, Joan Crawford, Dolores del Río, Janet Gaynor, and Fay Wray.
Death
Marion's death certificate states she was a housewife when she died in Los Angeles from pneumonia, and her husband was Harold Naisbitt. She is buried at the Holy Cross Cemetery in Los Angeles, California.
Partial filmography
References
External links
1906 births
1957 deaths
American film actresses
American silent film actresses
Actresses from Chicago
20th-century American actresses
Hal Roach Studios actors
WAMPAS Baby Stars
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic%20race
|
Arctic race can refer to:
A racial classification of people by Louis Agassiz, a 19th-century Swiss-American zoologist.
The territorial claims in the Arctic resulted in the early 21st century a series of expeditions to the Arctic area by Russia, Canada, Denmark and the United States.
Circumpolar peoples
See also
Arctic Race of Norway
Culture of the Arctic
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturna%20Island
|
Saturna Island is a mountainous island, about in size, in the Southern Gulf Islands chain of British Columbia, Canada. It is situated approximately midway between the Lower Mainland of B.C. and Vancouver Island, and is the most easterly of the Gulf Islands. It is surrounded on three sides by the Canada–United States border. To the north is Point Roberts, Washington, and to the east and south are the San Juan Islands. There is a First Nations reserve on the island for the Tsayout and Tseycum Nations. The island has a permanent population of around 350, however, this number increases during the summer season.
Approximately half of the island is in the Gulf Islands National Park Reserve (GINPR) that was formed in 2003 from a gift of ecologically sensitive land by Ulla Ressner and John Fry, existing provincial parks, an Ecological Reserve, and other Crown land.
History
The island was first used by indigenous people who called the island "Long Nose," due to the island's long north-eastern tapering shoreline that ends at East Point. The name Saturna comes from the Spanish naval schooner Santa Saturnina ("St. Saturnina") captained by pilot (piloto) José María Narváez, which along with a longboat of the Spanish naval packet ship San Carlos, explored the island's coast in an excursion under the overall command of Pilot Juan Pantoja y Arriaga in 1791. The name was initially applied only to East Point. The contraction to "Saturna" applied to the whole island was first made by Dionisi
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian%20Bureau%20of%20Statistics
|
The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) is a government agency that collects and analyzes statistics on economic, population, environmental, and social issues. It provides evidence-based advice to federal, state, and territory governments. The ABS conducts the national Census of Population and Housing every five years and publishes many of its findings on the agency's website.
History
In early 1901, statistics were collected by each state and territory of Australia for their own separate use. Although attempts were made to coordinate collections through an annual Conference of Statisticians, it was decided that a national statistical office would be required to develop nationally comparable statistics.
The Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics (CBCS) was established under the Census and Statistics Act in 1905. Sir George Knibbs was appointed as the first Commonwealth Statistician. Initially, the bureau was located in Melbourne and was attached to the Department of Home Affairs. In 1928, the bureau relocated to Canberra, and in 1932 moved to the Treasury portfolio.
Initially, the states maintained their own statistical offices and worked together with the CBCS to produce national data. However, some states found it difficult to resource a state statistical office to the level required for an adequate statistical service. In 1924, the Tasmanian Statistical Office transferred to the Commonwealth. On 20 August 1957, the New South Wales (NSW) Bureau of Statistics was m
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cwmynyscoy
|
Cwmynyscoy is a suburb of Pontypool in Torfaen, South Wales.
Statistics
All figures quoted have been derived from the 2001 Census unless otherwise stated.
Demographic Indicators
Total population of 1283 (Torfaen 90,949)
48.6% Male, 51.4% Female (Torfaen - 48.4% Male, 51.6% Female)
Age Structure; 19.5% aged between 0–15, 36.6% aged between 16 and 44, 25.3% aged 45–59/64 and 18.6% of pensionable age.
Socio-Economic Indicators
Activity Rates (2001)
Male (16-74) economic activity rate 63.4% (Torfaen 67.8%, Wales 67.7%), female (16-74) economic activity rate 48.9% (Torfaen 54.2%, Wales 54.5%), total economic activity rate 56.1% (Torfaen 60.8%, Wales 61.0%)
Unemployment (2004)
Whilst unemployment in the area has declined significantly and only 24 people remain registered unemployed, 16 males and 8 females (June 2004). Of the 24 claimants, 10 are under 24 years of age and 5 are registered as long-term unemployed (unemployed for over 52 weeks).
Home Ownership (2001)
Cwmynyscoy has a lower proportion of owner occupied households at 64.9% than Torfaen 68.3% and Wales as a whole 71.3%. 28.4% of properties are rented from the local authority (Torfaen 22.8%, Wales 13.7%)
Car Ownership (2001)
32.7% of households in Cwmynyscoy do not own a car (Torfaen 27.2%, Wales 26.0%).
Education (2001)
Residents qualified to Level 4/5: 8.9% (Torfaen 13.6%, Wales 17.4%). (Level 4/5: First degree, Higher degree, NVQ levels 4 and 5, HNC, HND, Qualified Teacher Status, Qualified Medical Doctor, Qu
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honken%20Trophy
|
Honken Trophy is awarded annually to the Swedish goaltender of the year, playing in Sweden (usually in the SHL), as decided on by Eventhouse and Kamratföreningen Hockeyjournalisterna. It was installed in 2002 and resembles the Vezina Trophy of the NHL. The trophy is named in honour of goalie Leif "Honken" Holmqvist.
Winners
References
External links
Kamratföreningen Hockeyjournalisterna
Awards established in 2002
Swedish ice hockey trophies and awards
Swedish Hockey League
2002 establishments in Sweden
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudin
|
Claudins are a family of proteins which, along with occludin, are the most important components of the tight junctions (zonulae occludentes). Tight junctions establish the paracellular barrier that controls the flow of molecules in the intercellular space between the cells of an epithelium. They have four transmembrane domains, with the N-terminus and the C-terminus in the cytoplasm.
Structure
Claudins are small (20–24/27 kilodalton (kDa)) transmembrane proteins which are found in many organisms, ranging from nematodes to human beings. They all have a very similar structure. Claudins span the cellular membrane 4 times, with the N-terminal end and the C-terminal end both located in the cytoplasm, and two extracellular loops which show the highest degree of conservation.
Claudins have both cis and trans interactions between cell membranes. Cis-interactions is when claudins on the same membrane interact, one way they interact is by transmembrane domain having molecular interactions. Trans-interaction is when claudins of neighboring cells interact through their extracellular loops. Cis-interactions is also known as side-to-side interactions and trans-interactions is also known as head-to-head interactions.
Generally the tight junction is known for its impermeability. However, depending on the type of claudin and their interactions there is selective permeability. This includes charge selectivity and size selectivity.
N-terminal
The N-terminal end is usually very short (1–10
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KTB%20mechatronics
|
KTB mechatronics GmbH is the former name of qfix robotics GmbH, located in Senden, near Ulm, in the southern part of Germany.
The company develops and produces industrial products in the mechatronics and robotics field.
The main product is the qfix family of robot kits.
References
External links
qfix robotics GmbH homepage (formerly KTB mechatronics)
qfix robot kits by qfix robotics GmbH
Engineering companies of Germany
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lr-diode
|
A LR-Diode circuit exhibits non-linear behavior and demonstrates chaotic behavior. By adjusting the amplitude of the driving frequency one can see period doubling, and eventually chaos.
See also
Chaos theory
Logistic map
References
Diodes
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperplane%20separation%20theorem
|
In geometry, the hyperplane separation theorem is a theorem about disjoint convex sets in n-dimensional Euclidean space. There are several rather similar versions. In one version of the theorem, if both these sets are closed and at least one of them is compact, then there is a hyperplane in between them and even two parallel hyperplanes in between them separated by a gap. In another version, if both disjoint convex sets are open, then there is a hyperplane in between them, but not necessarily any gap. An axis which is orthogonal to a separating hyperplane is a separating axis, because the orthogonal projections of the convex bodies onto the axis are disjoint.
The hyperplane separation theorem is due to Hermann Minkowski. The Hahn–Banach separation theorem generalizes the result to topological vector spaces.
A related result is the supporting hyperplane theorem.
In the context of support-vector machines, the optimally separating hyperplane or maximum-margin hyperplane is a hyperplane which separates two convex hulls of points and is equidistant from the two.
Statements and proof
In all cases, assume to be disjoint, nonempty, and convex subsets of . The summary of the results are as follows:
The number of dimensions must be finite. In infinite-dimensional spaces there are examples of two closed, convex, disjoint sets which cannot be separated by a closed hyperplane (a hyperplane where a continuous linear functional equals some constant) even in the weak sense where the
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20M.%20Cover
|
Thomas M. Cover [ˈkoʊvər] (August 7, 1938 – March 26, 2012) was an American information theorist and professor jointly in the Departments of Electrical Engineering and Statistics at Stanford University. He devoted almost his entire career to developing the relationship between information theory and statistics.
Early life and education
He received his B.S. in Physics from MIT in 1960 and Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Stanford University in 1964.
Career
Cover was President of the IEEE Information Theory Society and was a Fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics and of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. He received the Outstanding Paper Award in Information Theory for his 1972 paper "Broadcast Channels"; he was selected in 1990 as the Shannon Lecturer, regarded as the highest honor in information theory; in 1997 he received the IEEE Richard W. Hamming Medal; and in 2003 he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
During his 48-year career as a professor of Electrical Engineering and Statistics at Stanford University, he graduated 64 PhD students, authored over 120 journal papers in learning, information theory, statistical complexity, pattern recognition, and portfolio theory; and he partnered with Joy A. Thomas to coauthor the book Elements of Information Theory, which has become the most widely used textbook as an introduction to the topic since the publication of its first edition in 1991. He was also coeditor of the
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambiguity%20effect
|
The ambiguity effect is a cognitive bias where decision making is affected by a lack of information, or "ambiguity". The effect implies that people tend to select options for which the probability of a favorable outcome is known, over an option for which the probability of a favorable outcome is unknown. The effect was first described by Daniel Ellsberg in 1961.
Example
As an example, consider a bucket containing 30 balls. The balls are either red, black or white. Ten of the balls are red, and the remaining 20 are either black or white, with all combinations of black and white being equally likely. In option X, drawing a red ball wins a person $100, and in option Y, drawing a black ball wins them $100. The probability of picking a winning ball is the same for both options X and Y. In option X, the probability of selecting a winning ball is 1 in 3 (10 red balls out of 30 total balls). In option Y, despite the fact that the number of black balls is uncertain, the probability of selecting a winning ball is also 1 in 3. This is because the number of black balls is equally distributed among all possibilities between 0 and 20. The difference between the two options is that in option X, the probability of a favorable outcome is known, but in option Y, the probability of a favorable outcome is unknown ("ambiguous").
In spite of the equal probability of a favorable outcome, people have a greater tendency to select a ball under option X, where the probability of selecting a winning
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan%27s%20lemma
|
In complex analysis, Jordan's lemma is a result frequently used in conjunction with the residue theorem to evaluate contour integrals and improper integrals. The lemma is named after the French mathematician Camille Jordan.
Statement
Consider a complex-valued, continuous function , defined on a semicircular contour
of positive radius lying in the upper half-plane, centered at the origin. If the function is of the form
with a positive parameter , then Jordan's lemma states the following upper bound for the contour integral:
with equality when vanishes everywhere, in which case both sides are identically zero. An analogous statement for a semicircular contour in the lower half-plane holds when .
Remarks
If is continuous on the semicircular contour for all large and
then by Jordan's lemma
For the case , see the estimation lemma.
Compared to the estimation lemma, the upper bound in Jordan's lemma does not explicitly depend on the length of the contour .
Application of Jordan's lemma
Jordan's lemma yields a simple way to calculate the integral along the real axis of functions holomorphic on the upper half-plane and continuous on the closed upper half-plane, except possibly at a finite number of non-real points , , …, . Consider the closed contour , which is the concatenation of the paths and shown in the picture. By definition,
Since on the variable is real, the second integral is real:
The left-hand side may be computed using the residue theorem to g
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerley%20lines
|
Kerley lines are a sign seen on chest radiographs with interstitial pulmonary edema. They are thin linear pulmonary opacities caused by fluid or cellular infiltration into the interstitium of the lungs. They are named after Irish neurologist and radiologist Peter Kerley.
Associated conditions
They are suggestive for the diagnosis of congestive heart failure, but are also seen in various non-cardiac conditions such as pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial deposition of heavy metal particles or carcinomatosis of the lung. Chronic Kerley B lines may be caused by fibrosis or hemosiderin deposition caused by recurrent pulmonary edema.
Types
Kerley A lines
These are longer (at least 2cm and up to 6cm) unbranching lines coursing diagonally from the hila out to the periphery of the lungs. They are caused by distension of anastomotic channels between peripheral and central lymphatics of the lungs. Kerley A lines are less commonly seen than Kerley B lines. Kerley A lines are never seen without Kerley B or C lines.
Kerley B lines
These are short parallel lines at the lung periphery. These lines represent interlobular septa, which are usually less than 1 cm in length and parallel to one another at right angles to the pleura. They are located peripherally in contact with the pleura, but are generally absent along fissural surfaces. They may be seen in any zone but are most frequently observed at the lung bases at the costophrenic angles on the PA radiograph, and in the substernal region
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamical%20Theory%20of%20Crystal%20Lattices
|
Dynamical Theory of Crystal Lattices is a book in solid state physics, authored collaboratively by Max Born and Kun Huang. The book was originally started by Born in c. 1940, and was finished in the 1950s by Huang in consultation with Born. The text is considered a classical treatise on the subject of lattice dynamics, phonon theory, and elasticity in crystalline solids, but excluding metals and other complex solids with order/disorder phenomena. J. D. Eshelby, Melvin Lax, and A. J. C. Wilson reviewed the book in 1955, among several others.
See also
Bibliography of Max Born
Introduction to Solid State Physics
References
External links
1954 non-fiction books
Physics textbooks
Max Born
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All%20the%20Time%20in%20the%20World%20%28Lazlo%20Bane%20album%29
|
All the Time in the World is the second studio album by the band Lazlo Bane. It was self-released by the band more than five years after their debut album, 11 Transistor.
Background and release
The work on the album started in late 90's when the band was still signed to Almo Sounds label. According to Chad Fischer the release of the album was shelved around 2000 as the label was sold to Universal Music Group. Lazlo Bane managed to acquire the album from Almo Sounds but struggled to release it by themselves.
Early self released promo copies of the album was distributed in 2000, while the first commercially released track was "Superman" as it appeared on the soundtrack for the film The Tao of Steve.
During that period "Superman" got noticed by Zach Braff and later became the theme song for the television series Scrubs.
All the Time in the World finally received an official release on CD and as a digital download through CD Baby in September 2002.
Unlike the band's debut 11 Transistor with its guitar-heavy stylings, the songs on All the Time in the World expand the variety of instruments and feature banjo, piano, saxophone and strings. While working on the album the band wrote a large number of new songs, much more than were released. Some of them were included on the band's next release, Back Sides.
Versions and differences
There are several differences between the early 2000 promo and the official 2002 releases. The CD promo edition featured the song "I'll Be Happy" as
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrosalpinx
|
A hydrosalpinx is a condition that occurs when a fallopian tube is blocked and fills with serous or clear fluid near the ovary (distal to the uterus). The blocked tube may become substantially distended giving the tube a characteristic sausage-like or retort-like shape. The condition is often bilateral and the affected tubes may reach several centimeters in diameter. The blocked tubes cause infertility. A fallopian tube filled with blood is a hematosalpinx, and with pus a pyosalpinx.
Hydrosalpinx is a composite of the Greek words ὕδωρ (hydōr – "water") and σάλπιγξ (sálpinx – "trumpet"); its plural is hydrosalpinges.
Signs and symptoms
Symptoms can vary. Some patients have lower often recurring abdominal pain or pelvic pain, while others may be asymptomatic. As tubal function is impeded, infertility is a common symptom. Patients who are not trying to get pregnant and have no pain, may go undetected.
Endometriosis, ruptured appendicitis, and abdominal surgery sometimes are associated with the problem. As a reaction to injury, the body rushes inflammatory cells into the area, and inflammation and later healing result in loss of the fimbria and closure of the tube. These infections usually affect both fallopian tubes, and although a hydrosalpinx can be one-sided, the other tube on the opposite side is often abnormal. By the time it is detected, the tubal fluid usually is sterile, and does not contain an active infection. (Not symptoms)
Cause
The major cause for distal tubal
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational%20Outlook%20Handbook
|
The Occupational Outlook Handbook (OOH) is a publication of the United States Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics that includes information about the nature of work, working conditions, training and education, earnings and job outlook for hundreds of different occupations in the United States. It is released biennially with a companion publication, the Career Guide to Industries and is available free of charge from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' website. The 2012–13 edition was released in November 2012 and the 2014–15 edition in March 2014.
Because it is a work by the United States federal government, the Handbook is not under copyright and is reproduced in various forms by other publishers, often with additional information or features.
The first edition was published in 1948.
See also
Career development
Global Career Development Facilitator (GCDF)
Holland Codes
Lists of occupations
Myers–Briggs Type Indicator
Standard Occupational Classification System
References
External links
BLS News release
JIST Publishing - America's Career Publisher
ocouha: Occupational Outlook Handbook plus
Occupational Outlook Handbook, digitized and available on FRASER
Occupations
Economic data
United States Department of Labor publications
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diairesis
|
Diairesis (, "division") is a form of classification used in ancient (especially Platonic) logic that serves to systematize concepts and come to definitions. When defining a concept using diairesis, one starts with a broad concept, then divides this into two or more specific sub-concepts, and this procedure is repeated until a definition of the desired concept is reached. Aristotle makes extensive use of diaresis in categorization as basis for syllogizing. He makes clear, however, that definition by diaresis does not in itself prove anything. Apart from this definition, the procedure also results in a taxonomy of other concepts, ordered according to a general–specific relation.
The founder of diairesis as a method was Plato. Later ancient logicians (including Aristotle) and practitioners of other ancient sciences have employed diairetic modes of classification, e.g., to classify plants in ancient biology.
Plato's method of definition
Diairesis is Plato's later method of definition based on division, developed in the Platonic dialogues Phaedrus, Sophist, Statesman, and Philebus. Further applications are found in the Laws and Timaeus. It is a means of attempting to reach a definition by which a collection of candidates is repeatedly divided into two parts with one part eliminated until a suitable definition is discovered.
A complementary term is merismos (cf. English merism: parsing or the distinguishing of parts, as opposed to diairesis, which is the division of a genu
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri%20Linnik
|
Yuri Vladimirovich Linnik (; January 8, 1915 – June 30, 1972) was a Soviet mathematician active in number theory, probability theory and mathematical statistics.
Biography
Linnik was born in Bila Tserkva, in present-day Ukraine. He went to Saint Petersburg University where his supervisor was Vladimir Tartakovsky, and later worked at that university and the Steklov Institute. He was a member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union, as was his father, Vladimir Pavlovich Linnik. He was awarded both Stalin and Lenin Prizes. He died in Leningrad.
Work in number theory
Linnik's theorem in analytic number theory
The dispersion method (which allowed him to solve the Titchmarsh problem).
The large sieve (which turned out to be extremely influential).
An elementary proof of the Hilbert-Waring theorem; see also Schnirelmann density.
The Linnik ergodic method, see , which allowed him to study the distribution properties of the representations of integers by integral ternary quadratic forms.
Work in probability theory and statistics
Infinitely divisible distributions
Linnik obtained numerous results concerning infinitely divisible distributions. In particular, he proved the following generalisation of Cramér's theorem: any divisor of a convolution of Gaussian and Poisson random variables is also a convolution of Gaussian and Poisson.
He has also coauthored the book on the arithmetics of infinitely divisible distributions.
Central limit theorem
Linnik zones (zones of
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anoushka%20%28album%29
|
Anoushka is the debut album of Indian sitar player Anoushka Shankar, released in 1998. The pieces begin with a slow introduction of fluid rhythms (alap or aochar) and build in a crescendo to a spirited display of virtuosity with tabla accompaniment. Four of the album's five themes are based on ragas adapted by Ravi Shankar.
Track listing
All songs by Ravi Shankar, except where noted.
"Bairagi" – 20:15
"Tilak Shyam" – 10:35
"Kirwani" – 8:46
"Charukeshi" – 7:30
"Pratham Prem" (by Anoushka Shankar) – 12:43
Personnel
Anoushka Shankar: Sitar, tamboura, vocals
Sukanya Shankar: Tamboura
Bikram Ghosh: Tabla
Arup Chattapadhyay: Tabla
References
1998 debut albums
Anoushka Shankar albums
Hindustani classical music albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength%20shifter
|
A wavelength shifter is a photofluorescent material that absorbs higher frequency photons and emits lower frequency photons. The material absorbs one photon, and emits one or multiple lower-energy photons. The relaxation time of the excited molecule is usually in the order of nanoseconds.
Applications
Wavelength shifters are often used in particle physics to collect scintillation or Cherenkov light in particle detectors. Materials, such as acrylic slaps or optical fibers, are typically either doped with wavelength-shifting molecules or coated with wavelength-shifting paint.
Wavelength-shifting technology is of particular interest for low-background supernova neutrino detectors such as IceCube, Super-Kamiokande or its successor Hyper-Kamiokande. Here, wavelength shifters offer two advantages: As these types of detectors are based on the emission of Cherenkov photons of superluminous secondary particles from the neutrino interaction, absorbing more photons in the UV range and shifting them to the visible range detectable by conventional PMTs is beneficial. In addition, with wavelength shifters larger collection areas can be covered price-efficiently as compared to standard PMT-based sensors. An example of a sensor making use of wavelength-shifting technology is the Wavelength-shifting Optical Module (WOM) envisaged for an extension of the IceCube detector.
Furthermore, wavelength shifting materials can be used to increase the efficiency of a photovoltaic cell (solar cell) b
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy%20%28film%29
|
Entropy is a 1999 film directed by Phil Joanou, starring Stephen Dorff and featuring the Irish rock band U2.
Plot
A largely autobiographical film about director Phil Joanou, covering his early film career, his relationships, including a very short-lived marriage.
Release
The film has been re-released as "Adventures in Tinseltown" for streaming and is available on Tubi and Amazon Prime Video.
References
External links
1999 films
1999 drama films
American drama films
Films scored by George Fenton
Films about film directors and producers
Films directed by Phil Joanou
Warner Bros. films
American independent films
Films produced by Elie Samaha
1999 independent films
1990s English-language films
1990s American films
English-language drama films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lies%2C%20Damn%20Lies%20and%20Statistics
|
Lies, Damn Lies and Statistics may refer to:
"Lies, Damn Lies and Statistics" (The West Wing), a first-season episode of the TV series The West Wing
Lies, damned lies, and statistics, a phrase describing the persuasive power of numbers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaspalast
|
Glaspalast may refer to:
Glaspalast (Munich), Glaspalast in Munich modeled after The Crystal Palace
Glaspalast Sindelfingen, an indoor arena in Sindelfingen
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten%20hexachloride
|
Tungsten hexachloride is an inorganic chemical compound of tungsten and chlorine with the chemical formula . This dark violet blue compound exists as volatile crystals under standard conditions. It is an important starting reagent in the preparation of tungsten compounds. Other examples of charge-neutral hexachlorides are rhenium(VI) chloride and molybdenum(VI) chloride. The highly volatile tungsten hexafluoride is also known.
As a d0 atom, tungsten hexachloride is diamagnetic.
Preparation and structure
Tungsten hexachloride can be prepared by chlorinating tungsten metal in a sealed tube at 600 °C:
Tungsten hexachloride exists in both blue and red polymorphs, referred to respectively as α and β. The wine-red β can be obtained by rapid cooling whereas the blue α form is more stable at room temperature. Although these polymorphs are distinctly colored, their molecular structures are very similar. Both polymorphs feature molecules that have octahedral, in which all six W–Cl bonds are equivalent, and their length is equal to 224–226 pm. The densities are very similar: 3.68 g/cm3 for α and 3.62 g/cm3 for β. The low temperature form is slightly more dense, as expected.
Reactions
Tungsten hexachloride is readily hydrolyzed, even by moist air, giving the orange oxychlorides and , and subsequently, tungsten trioxide. is soluble in carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, and phosphorus oxychloride.
Methylation with trimethylaluminium affords hexamethyl tungsten:
Treatment with
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympathetic%20ganglia
|
The sympathetic ganglia, or paravertebral ganglia, are autonomic ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system. Ganglia are 20,000 to 30,000 afferent and efferent nerve cell bodies that run along on either side of the spinal cord. Afferent nerve cell bodies bring information from the body to the brain and spinal cord, while efferent nerve cell bodies bring information from the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body. The cell bodies create long sympathetic chains that are on either side of the spinal cord. They also form para- or pre-vertebral ganglia of gross anatomy.
The efferent nerve cell bodies bring information from the brain to the body regarding perceptions of danger. This perception of danger can instigate the fight-or-flight response associated with the sympathetic nervous system. The fight-or-flight response is adaptive when there is a real and present danger which can be avoided or diminished through increased sympathetic activity. Sympathetic activity could be increased heart rate, dilated pupils, or sweaty palms, for example. The fight-or-flight response is maladaptive when the danger is imagined, prolonged, or when it lasts after the threat is over. When the intensity or duration of the response is excessive, the individual may meet criteria for a variety of psychological disorders. Neuroblastoma tumors can arise from the sympathetic ganglia tissue.
Structure
Sympathetic chain ganglia
The bilaterally symmetric sympathetic chain ganglia, also called the par
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Mississippi
|
<noinclude>
This is a list of newspapers in Mississippi.
Daily and nondaily newspapers (currently published)
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Title
! Locale
! Year est.
! Frequency
! Publisher/parent company
! Notes
|-
| Biloxi-D'Iberville Press
| Biloxi/D'Iberville
| 200?
| Weekly
| Bay Newspapers, Inc
|
|-
| Brookhaven Daily Leader
| Brookhaven
| 1968
| Daily
| Southwest Pub.
|
|-
| Canton News
| Canton
|
| Monthly
|Clay Mansell
|Hyper-local, "good news" newspaper
|-
| Clarion-Ledger
| Jackson/statewide
| 1941
| Daily
| Gannett Company
|
|-
| Clarksdale Press Register
| Clarksdale
| 1949
| Daily
| Delta Press Pub. Co.
|
|-
|Columbian-Progress
|Columbia
|1935
|Bi-weekly
|Emmerich Newspapers, Inc.
|
|-
| Columbus Commercial
| Columbus
| 1893-1922
| Daily
| J.T. Senter
|
|-
| Crystal Springs Meteor
| Crystal Springs
| 1886-1889
| Weekly
| Hurt & Branch
|
|-
| Daily Corinthian
| Corinth
|
| Daily
|
|
|-
| Daily Leader
| Brookhaven
|
| Daily
|
|
|-
| Daily Star
| Grenada
|
| Daily
|
|
|-
| Daily Times Leader
| West Point
|
| Daily
|
| '
|-
| Darkhorse Press
| Mississippi
|
| Daily
|
|
|-
| Deer Creek Pilot
| Rolling Fork
|
| Weekly
|
|
|-
| Delta Democrat-Times
| Greenville
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| Daily
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| Enterprise-Journal
| McComb
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| Daily
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| Enterprise-Tocsin
| Indianola, Mississippi
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| Weekly
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|Florence News
|Florence, MS
|2018
|Monthly
|Clay Mansell
|Hyper-local, "good news" newspaper
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| Greenwood Commonwealth
| Greenwood
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| Dail
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photochromic%20lens
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A photochromic lens is an optical lens that darkens on exposure to light of sufficiently high frequency, most commonly ultraviolet (UV) radiation. In the absence of activating light, the lenses return to their clear state. Photochromic lenses may be made of polycarbonate, or another plastic. Glass lenses use visible light to darken. They are principally used in glasses that are dark in bright sunlight, but clear, or more rarely, lightly tinted in low ambient light conditions. They darken significantly within about a minute of exposure to bright light and take somewhat longer to clear. A range of clear and dark transmittances is available.
In one sort of technology, molecules of silver chloride or another silver halide are embedded in photochromic lenses. They are transparent to visible light without significant ultraviolet component, which is normal for artificial lighting. In another sort of technology, organic photochromic molecules, when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) rays as in direct sunlight, undergo a chemical process that causes them to change shape and absorb a significant percentage of the visible light, i.e., they darken. These processes are reversible; once the lens is removed from strong sources of UV rays the photochromic compounds return to their transparent state.
Invention
Photochromic lenses were developed by William H. Armistead and Stanley Donald Stookey at the Corning Glass Works Inc. in the 1960s.
Technical details
Mechanism
The glass version of these
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rankers
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Rankers are soils developed over non-calcareous material, usually rock. They are regarded in some soil classifications as lithomorphic soils, a group which also includes rendzinas, similar soils over calcareous material. They are often called A/C soils, as the topsoil or A horizon is immediately over a C horizon (unaltered parent material).
References
Pedology
Types of soil
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guide%20RNA
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A guide RNA (gRNA) is a piece of RNA that functions as a guide for RNA- or DNA-targeting enzymes, with which it forms complexes. Very often these enzymes will delete, insert or otherwise alter the targeted RNA or DNA. They occur naturally, serving important functions, but can also be designed to be used for targeted editing, such as with CRISPR-Cas9 and CRISPR-Cas12.
History
RNA-editing Guide RNA was discovered in 1990 by B. Blum, N. Bakalara, and L. Simpson in maxicircle DNA and contains sequences matching those within the edited regions of the mRNA. They enable the cleavage, insertion, and deletion of bases.
Guide RNA in Protists
Trypanosomatid protists and other kinetoplastids have a novel post-transcriptional mitochondrial RNA modification process known as "RNA editing". They have a large segment of highly organized DNA segments in their mitochondria. This mitochondrial DNA is circular and is divided into maxicircles and minicircles. A cell contains about 20-50 maxicircles which have both coding and non coding regions. The coding region is highly conserved (16-17kb) and the non-coding region varies depending on the species. Minicircles are small but more numerous than maxicircles. Minicircles constitute 95% of the mass of kinetoplastid DNA. Maxicircles can encode "cryptogenes" and some gRNAs; minicircles can encode the majority of gRNAs. As many as 1000 gRNAs can be encoded by 250 or more minicircles. Some gRNA genes show identical insertion and deletion sites even if t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAD50
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Rad50 may refer to:
RADIX-50, a character encoding scheme in computing
RAD50 (gene), in biology, encodes a DNA repair protein involved in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunica%20vaginalis
|
The tunica vaginalis is a pouch of serous membrane within the scrotum that lines the testis and epididymis (visceral layer of tunica vaginalis), and the inner surface of the scrotum (parietal layer of tunica vaginalis). It is the outermost of the three layers that constitute the capsule of the testis, with the tunica albuginea of penis situated beneath it.
It is the remnant of a pouch of peritoneum which is pulled into the scrotum by the testis as it descends out of the abdominal cavity during foetal development.
Anatomy
Visceral layer
The visceral layer of tunica vaginalis of testis (lamina visceralis tunicae vaginalis testis) is the portion of the tunica vaginalis that covers the testis and epididymis. It is the superficial-most of the three layers that constitute the capsule of the testis, with the tunica albuginea of testis situated deep to it. Posteriorly, the visceral layer does not line the surface of the testis - instead, it passes onto the epididymis where the latter attaches to the testis before continuing onto the inner surface of the scrotum as the parietal layer.
Parietal layer
The parietal layer of tunica vaginalis of testis (lamina parietalis tunicae vaginalis testis) is the portion of the tunica vaginalis that lines the inner surface of the scrotum. It is supported by the internal spermatic fascia.
Cavity of the tunica vaginalis
The cavity of the tunica vaginalis (also: cavum of the tunica vaginalis, or cavum vaginale) is the cavity between the viscer
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA
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In molecular biology, small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are a class of small RNA molecules that primarily guide chemical modifications of other RNAs, mainly ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs and small nuclear RNAs. There are two main classes of snoRNA, the C/D box snoRNAs, which are associated with methylation, and the H/ACA box snoRNAs, which are associated with pseudouridylation.
SnoRNAs are commonly referred to as guide RNAs but should not be confused with the guide RNAs that direct RNA editing in trypanosomes or the guide RNAs (gRNAs) used by Cas9 for CRISPR gene editing.
snoRNA guided modifications
After transcription, nascent rRNA molecules (termed pre-rRNA) undergo a series of processing steps to generate the mature rRNA molecule. Prior to cleavage by exo- and endonucleases, the pre-rRNA undergoes a complex pattern of nucleoside modifications. These include methylations and pseudouridylations, guided by snoRNAs.
Methylation is the attachment or substitution of a methyl group onto various substrates. The rRNA of humans contain approximately 115 methyl group modifications. The majority of these are 2′O-ribose-methylations (where the methyl group is attached to the ribose group).
Pseudouridylation is the conversion (isomerisation) of the nucleoside uridine to a different isomeric form pseudouridine (Ψ). This modification consists of a 180º rotation of the uridine base around its glycosyl bond to the ribose of the RNA backbone. After this rotation, the nitrogenous base contrib
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic%20spectroscopy
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Acoustic spectroscopy may refer to:
Spectrogrammetry; plotting the energy versus frequency over time
Ultrasound attenuation spectroscopy, instead of energy, the attenuation coefficient is measured versus frequency
Acoustic resonance spectroscopy, using forced vibrations to excite multiple normal modes to obtain a resonance spectrum
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan%20Bureau%20of%20Statistics
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The Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (, abbreviated as PBS) is a federal agency under the Government of Pakistan. It is an attached department of the Ministry of Planning, Development & Special Initiatives. It works for collecting statistics in the country.
History
In 1947, the Central Statistical Office (CSO) was set up by the government of Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan. In 1950, CSO became an attached department of the Economic Affairs Division. In 1972, on the recommendation of IBRD Mission, Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto upgraded the Central Statistical Office to a full-fledged government division. In 1981, the bureau was reorganized and its technical wing (CSO) was converted into the then Federal Bureau of Statistics. Former Finance Minister Dr. Mahbub ul Haq further reorganized the bureau.
See also
Government of Pakistan
Politics of Pakistan
Statistics
References
External links
Federal Bureau of Statistics
Pakistan federal departments and agencies
Pakistan
1950 establishments in Pakistan
Government agencies established in 1950
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verhoeff%20algorithm
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The Verhoeff algorithm is a checksum for error detection first published by Dutch mathematician Jacobus Verhoeff in 1969. It was the first decimal check digit algorithm which detects all single-digit errors, and all transposition errors involving two adjacent digits, which was at the time thought impossible with such a code.
The method was independently discovered by H. Peter Gumm in 1985, this time including a formal proof and an extension to any base.
Goals
Verhoeff had the goal of finding a decimal code—one where the check digit is a single decimal digit—which detected all single-digit errors and all transpositions of adjacent digits. At the time, supposed proofs of the nonexistence of these codes made base-11 codes popular, for example in the ISBN check digit.
His goals were also practical, and he based the evaluation of different codes on live data from the Dutch postal system, using a weighted points system for different kinds of error. The analysis broke the errors down into a number of categories: first, by how many digits are in error; for those with two digits in error, there are transpositions (ab → ba), twins (aa → 'bb'), jump transpositions (abc → cba), phonetic (1a → a0), and jump twins (aba → cbc). Additionally there are omitted and added digits. Although the frequencies of some of these kinds of errors might be small, some codes might be immune to them in addition to the primary goals of detecting all singles and transpositions.
The phonetic errors in
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freivalds%27%20algorithm
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Freivalds' algorithm (named after Rūsiņš Mārtiņš Freivalds) is a probabilistic randomized algorithm used to verify matrix multiplication. Given three n × n matrices , , and , a general problem is to verify whether . A naïve algorithm would compute the product explicitly and compare term by term whether this product equals . However, the best known matrix multiplication algorithm runs in time. Freivalds' algorithm utilizes randomization in order to reduce this time bound to
with high probability. In time the algorithm can verify a matrix product with probability of failure less than .
The algorithm
Input
Three n × n matrices , , and .
Output
Yes, if ; No, otherwise.
Procedure
Generate an n × 1 random 0/1 vector .
Compute .
Output "Yes" if ; "No," otherwise.
Error
If , then the algorithm always returns "Yes". If , then the probability that the algorithm returns "Yes" is less than or equal to one half. This is called one-sided error.
By iterating the algorithm k times and returning "Yes" only if all iterations yield "Yes", a runtime of and error probability of is achieved.
Example
Suppose one wished to determine whether:
A random two-element vector with entries equal to 0 or 1 is selected say and used to compute:
This yields the zero vector, suggesting the possibility that AB = C. However, if in a second trial the vector is selected, the result becomes:
The result is nonzero, proving that in fact AB ≠ C.
There are four two-element 0/1 vectors, and half of t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Harkavy
|
Alexander Harkavy (, , Aleksandr Garkavi; May 5, 1863 at Nowogrudok (), Minsk guberniya (governorate), Russian Empire (now Navahrudak, Hrodna Voblast, Belarus) - 1939 in New York City) was a Russian-born American writer, lexicographer and linguist.
Biography
Alexander Harkavy was educated privately, and at an early age evinced a predilection for philology. In 1879 he went to Vilna, where he worked in the printing-office of the Romm Brothers.
After the antisemitic pogroms of 1880 in Russia, Harkavy joined the Jewish Am Olam (Eternal People) back-to-the-land movement. Unlike Bilu, which directed its activities towards Palestine, Am Olam saw a Jewish future in the United States. In 1882 Harkavy emigrated to the United States. He however did not succeed in joining or establishing an agricultural Am Olam entity, finding himself in search of a living.
He was in Paris in 1885, New York in 1886, Montreal in 1887, Baltimore in 1889 and back in New York in 1890. During these years of wandering Harkavy studied, taught, and published his first journalistic and scholarly compositions. In Montreal he achieved some acclaim among local Hebraists, and founded a branch of Chovevei Zion, of which he served as president.
Harkavy published in lithograph form one issue of a Yiddish newspaper, Die Tzeit (The Time), the first Jewish newspaper in Canada. He also wrote the first history of the Jews in Canada. Back in the United States he participated in the activities of the anarchist group Pio
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky%20Mountain%20Front
|
The Rocky Mountain Front is a somewhat unified geologic and ecosystem area in North America where the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains meet the plains. In 1983, the Bureau of Land Management called the Rocky Mountain Front "a nationally significant area because of its high wildlife, recreation, and scenic values". Conservationists Gregory Neudecker, Alison Duvall, and James Stutzman have described the Rocky Mountain Front as an area that warrants "the highest of conservation priorities" because it is largely unaltered by development and contains "unparalleled" numbers of wildlife.
Defining the Rocky Mountain Front
Although the Rocky Mountain Front is clearly distinct from both plains and mountains, in places like the Wyoming Basin, Montana, and New Mexico it is more ambiguous. One definition of the front is that it is a "transition zone
between the Rocky Mountains and the mixed grass prairie ... [that] encompasses a wide variety of wetland, riparian, grassland, and
forested habitats". By one estimate there are more than of Rocky Mountain Front land in Montana and Canada.
The Rocky Mountain Front is such an important geologic feature that it affects the weather in North America. Warm air masses moving from the Gulf of Mexico are blocked by the front from moving west, causing hail, thunderstorms, tornadoes, and other kinds of violent weather which then move east. "Tornado Alley", that part of the Great Plains where tornadoes are most frequent, is a direct outcome of the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Response%20amplitude%20operator
|
In the field of ship design and design of other floating structures, a response amplitude operator (RAO) is an engineering statistic, or set of such statistics, that are used to determine the likely behavior of a ship when operating at sea. Known by the acronym of RAO, response amplitude operators are usually obtained from models of proposed ship designs tested in a model basin, or from running specialized CFD computer programs, often both. RAOs are usually calculated for all ship motions and for all wave headings.
Usage
RAOs are effectively transfer functions used to determine the effect that a sea state will have upon the motion of a ship through the water, and therefore, for example, whether or not (in the case of cargo vessels) the addition of cargo to the vessel will require measures to be taken to improve stability and prevent the cargo from shifting within the vessel. Generation of extensive RAOs at the design phase allows shipbuilders to determine the modifications to a design that may be required for safety reasons (i.e., to make the design robust and resistant to capsizing or sinking in highly adverse sea conditions) or to improve performance (e.g., improve top speed, fuel consumption, stability in rough seas). RAOs are computed in tandem with the generation of a hydrodynamic database, which is a model of the effects of water pressure upon the ship's hull under a wide variety of flow conditions. Together, the RAOs and hydrodynamic database provide (inasmuch as thi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abi%20Branning
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Abi Branning is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders, played by Lorna Fitzgerald. She was introduced by executive producer Kate Harwood on 3 July 2006 as an extension to the Branning family, along with father Max (Jake Wood), mother Tanya Branning (Jo Joyner) and older sister Lauren Branning (Madeline Duggan/Jacqueline Jossa). Her storylines involve her friendships and relationships with Ben Mitchell (Charlie Jones/Joshua Pascoe/Harry Reid) and Jay Brown (Jamie Borthwick), her toxic friendship with Babe Smith (Annette Badland), faking a pregnancy so that Ben would not leave her for Paul Coker (Jonny Labey), being a suspect in the murder of Lucy Beale (Hetti Bywater), her affair with Lauren's fiancé, Steven Beale (Aaron Sidwell), and falling pregnant by him.
In September 2017, it was announced that Fitzgerald and Jossa had been axed by executive consultant John Yorke. Abi's exit storyline involved her and Lauren falling from the roof of The Queen Victoria public house on Christmas Day 2017, leading to Abi giving birth prematurely to daughter, also named Abi, and being confirmed brainstem dead in later episodes. Abi's final scenes aired on 19 January 2018 after her life support is withdrawn. The character's funeral took place on 16 February 2018.
For her portrayal as Abi, Fitzgerald was nominated for Best Young Actor at the 2010 Inside Soap Awards, and went on to win Best Dramatic Performance from a Young Actor or Actress at the 2012 British Soap Awards. K
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorna%20Stucki
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Lorna Stucki is a British singer.
She began her singing career at the Downbeat Piano bar in Frith Street, next door to Ronnie Scott's at the age of 21. As an untrained blues singer, she made the underground piano bar scene her domain for many years when she began a musical collaboration with André Shapps. In 1990 she signed a one single deal with EastWest Records with the cover version: "Last Night a D.J. Saved My Life" with Eusebe, Olimax and DJ Shapps. The track went to 98 in the UK charts. In 1991 Lorna Stucki was invited by Mick Jones to sing on the song "The Tea Party" from The Globe album.
References
British women singers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigericin
|
Nigericin is an antibiotic derived from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Its isolation was described in the 1950s, and in 1968 the structure could be elucidated by X-ray crystallography. The structure and properties of nigericin are similar to the antibiotic monensin. Commercially it is obtained as a byproduct, or contaminant, at the fermentation of Geldanamycin. It is also called Polyetherin A, Azalomycin M, Helixin C, Antibiotic K178, Antibiotic X-464.
Nigericin acts as an H+, K+, Pb2+ ionophore. Most commonly it is an antiporter of H+ and K+.
In the past nigericin was used as an antibiotic active against gram positive bacteria. It inhibits the Golgi functions in Eukaryotic cells. Its ability to induce K+ efflux also makes it a potent activator of the NLRP3 inflammasome
References
External links
Commercial supplier of nigericin sodium
Antibiotics
Ionophores
Tetrahydrofurans
Tetrahydropyrans
Primary alcohols
Lactols
Hemiketals
Vicinal diols
Carboxylic acids
Spiro compounds
Ketals
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object%E2%80%93subject%E2%80%93verb%20word%20order
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In linguistic typology, object–subject–verb (OSV) or object–agent–verb (OAV) is a classification of languages, based on whether the structure predominates in pragmatically neutral expressions.
An example of this would be "Oranges Sam ate."
Unmarked word order
Natural languages
OSV is rarely used in unmarked sentences, which use a normal word order without emphasis. Most languages that use OSV as their default word order come from the Amazon basin, such as Xavante, Jamamadi, Apurinã, Warao, Kayabí and Nadëb. Here is an example from Apurinã:
British Sign Language (BSL) normally uses topic–comment structure, but its default word order when topic–comment structure is not used is OSV.
Marked word order
Various languages allow OSV word order but only in marked sentences, which emphasise part or all of the sentence.
Arabic
Classical Arabic is generally VSO but allows OSV in marked sentences (ones using traditional Arabic declension). For example, Verse 5 of Al-Fatiha reads:
The construction is less used in Modern Standard Arabic, which tends not to use marked sentences, and is generally absent in the colloquial varieties of Arabic, which are generally not declined and tend to observe strict SVO order.
Chinese
Passive constructions in Chinese follow an OSV (OAV) pattern through the use of the particle 被:
English
In English, object-subject-verb order is atypical but can be used for contrastive focus, as in: That car we bought at least five years ago. The other one we only b
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seliciclib
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Seliciclib (roscovitine or CYC202) is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors that preferentially inhibit multiple enzyme targets including CDK2, CDK7 and CDK9, which alter the growth phase or state within the cell cycle of treated cells. Seliciclib is being developed by Cyclacel.This is a phase II, dose ranging, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
The aim of this study is to assess the safety of increasing doses of roscovitine administered orally for 4 cycles of 4 consecutive days (treatment "on") separated by a 3 days treatment free period (treatment "off") in adult CF subjects with Cystic Fibrosis carrying 2 Cystic Fibrosis causing mutations with at least one F508del-CFTR mutation and chronically infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
This study involved 36 Cystic Fibrosis patients: 24 treated and 12 controls.
Seliciclib is being researched for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), Cushing's disease, leukemia, HIV infection, Parkinson’s disease, herpes simplex infection, cystic fibrosis and the mechanisms of chronic inflammation disorders.
Seliciclib is a 2,6,9-substituted purine analog. Its structure in complex with CDK2 was determined in 1996. Seliciclib inhibits CDK2/E, CDK2/A, CDK7 and CDK9.
Clinical trials and lab tests
Cancer treatment
Seliciclib has been found to produce apoptosis in treated cancerous cells of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and ot
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLRP
|
SLRP may refer to:
Soluble low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein
Small leucine-rich repeat protein
Small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purely%20inseparable%20extension
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In algebra, a purely inseparable extension of fields is an extension k ⊆ K of fields of characteristic p > 0 such that every element of K is a root of an equation of the form xq = a, with q a power of p and a in k. Purely inseparable extensions are sometimes called radicial extensions, which should not be confused with the similar-sounding but more general notion of radical extensions.
Purely inseparable extensions
An algebraic extension is a purely inseparable extension if and only if for every , the minimal polynomial of over F is not a separable polynomial. If F is any field, the trivial extension is purely inseparable; for the field F to possess a non-trivial purely inseparable extension, it must be imperfect as outlined in the above section.
Several equivalent and more concrete definitions for the notion of a purely inseparable extension are known. If is an algebraic extension with (non-zero) prime characteristic p, then the following are equivalent:
E is purely inseparable over F.
For each element , there exists such that .
Each element of E has minimal polynomial over F of the form for some integer and some element .
It follows from the above equivalent characterizations that if (for F a field of prime characteristic) such that for some integer , then E is purely inseparable over F. (To see this, note that the set of all x such that for some forms a field; since this field contains both and F, it must be E, and by condition 2 above, must be purely i
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner%20cell%20mass
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The inner cell mass (ICM) or embryoblast (known as the pluriblast in marsupials) is a structure in the early development of an embryo. It is the mass of cells inside the blastocyst that will eventually give rise to the definitive structures of the fetus. The inner cell mass forms in the earliest stages of embryonic development, before implantation into the endometrium of the uterus. The ICM is entirely surrounded by the single layer of trophoblast cells of the trophectoderm.
Further development
The physical and functional separation of the inner cell mass from the trophectoderm (TE) is a special feature of mammalian development and is the first cell lineage specification in these embryos. Following fertilization in the oviduct, the mammalian embryo undergoes a relatively slow round of cleavages to produce an eight-cell morula. Each cell of the morula, called a blastomere, increases surface contact with its neighbors in a process called compaction. This results in a polarization of the cells within the morula, and further cleavage yields a blastocyst of roughly 32 cells. In mice, about 12 internal cells comprise the new inner cell mass and 20 – 24 cells comprise the surrounding trophectoderm. There is variation between species of mammals as to the number of cells at compaction with bovine embryos showing differences related to compaction as early as 9-15 cells and in rabbits not until after 32 cells. There is also interspecies variation in gene expression patterns in early
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DMSO%20reductase
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DMSO reductase is a molybdenum-containing enzyme that catalyzes reduction of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to dimethyl sulfide (DMS). This enzyme serves as the terminal reductase under anaerobic conditions in some bacteria, with DMSO being the terminal electron acceptor. During the course of the reaction, the oxygen atom in DMSO is transferred to molybdenum, and then reduced to water.
DMSO reductase (DMSOR) and other members of the DMSO reductase family are unique to bacteria and archaea. Enzymes of this family in anaerobic oxidative phosphorylation and inorganic-donor-based lithotrophic respiration. These enzymes have been engineered to degrade oxoanions.
DMSOR catalyzes the transfer of two electrons and one oxygen atom in the reaction: The active site of DMSOR contains molybdenum, which is otherwise rare in biology.
Tertiary structure and active site
As for other members of DMSO reductase family, the tertiary structure of DMSOR is composed of Mo-surrounding domains I-IV, with domain IV heavily interacting with pyranopterindithiolene Mo-cofactors (P- and Q-pterin) of the active site. Members of the DMSO reductase family differ in terms of their active sites. In the case of DMSOR, the Mo center is found to two dithiolene provided by two pyranopterin cofactors. These organic cofactors, called molybdopterins, are linked to GMP to create a dinucleotide form. An additional fifth cap-like ligand is the side-chain O of serine-147 residue, further classifying the enzyme as Type III
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promethium%28III%29%20oxide
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Promethium(III) oxide is a compound with the formula Pm2O3. It is the most common form of promethium.
Crystal structure
Promethium oxide exists in three major crystalline forms:
*a, b and c are lattice parameters, Z is the number of formula units per unit cell, density is calculated from X-ray data.
The low-temperature cubic form converts to the monoclinic structure upon heating to 750–800 °C, and this transition can only be reversed by melting the oxide. The transition from the monoclinic to hexagonal form occurs at 1740 °C.
References
Promethium compounds
Sesquioxides
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C4%8Din
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Bučin (Macedonian Cyrillic: Бучин) is a village which lies in the Kruševo district of North Macedonia on both banks of the Crna River.
The village maintains a distinct bridge built in the Ottoman Empire, and is home to a unique old building constructed above the surface of the Crna River. The village now known as Bucin was part of the land of Ancient Macedonia called Alcomenae or Alkomenai which was a town of the Deuriopes on the Erigon, in the Pelagonia Region in Ancient Macedonia. Its site is tentatively located near modern Bučin (Buchin) in North Macedonia. The main produce of the village is onions. Peppers, tomatoes, leeks, tobacco, garlic and beans are also grown.
Demographics
According to the 2021 census, the village had a total of 522 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:
Macedonians 738
References
Villages in Kruševo Municipality
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crna%20River%20%28Vardar%29
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The Crna River (, "Black River"), traditionally known in English as the Cerna, is a river in North Macedonia. It is the right tributary of the Vardar River. It runs through much of the south and west of the country. Its source is in the mountains on the western part of North Macedonia, northwest of Demir Hisar.
It enters the Pelagonia valley at the village of Buchin and then flows through the village Sopotnica, and southwards through the plains east of Bitola. At Brod (Novaci Municipality) it turns northeast. It leaves the Pelagonia valley at the Staravina village and goes in the biggest canyon in North Macedonia, the Skočivir valley and flows into the Vardar River between Rosoman and Gradsko.
Thus, the river makes a bend of almost 180 degrees east of Bitola. This bend was part of the Macedonian front in World War I. It was known to the allied forces as the Cerna Bend or Cerna Loop, and two major battles were fought here: the Battle of the Cerna Bend (1916) and the Battle of the Crna Bend (1917).
The name Crna Reka means "Black River" in Macedonian, a translation of its earlier Thracian name, Erigon (), meaning "black", akin to Greek érebos, "darkness"; Armenian erek, "evening"; Old Norse røkkr, "darkness"; Gothic riqis, "darkness"; Sanskrit rájas, "night"; and Tocharian B orkamo, "dark".
The Erigon River is mentioned by Arrian in the Anabasis of Alexander, Livy in the History of Rome Strabo in the Geographica, Athenaeus in the Deipnosophistae.
References
Rivers of Nort
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioSteel%20%28fiber%29
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BioSteel was a trademark name for a high-strength fiber-based material made of the recombinant spider silk-like protein extracted from the milk of transgenic goats, made by defunct Montreal-based company Nexia Biotechnologies, and later by the Randy Lewis lab of the University of Wyoming and Utah State University. It is reportedly 7-10 times as strong as steel if compared for the same weight, and can stretch up to 20 times its unaltered size without losing its strength properties. It also has very high resistance to extreme temperatures, not losing any of its properties within .
The company had created lines of goats to produce recombinant versions of two spidroins from Nephila clavipes, the golden orb weaver, MaSp1 and MaSp2 When the female goats lactate, the milk, containing the recombinant DNA silk, was to be harvested and subjected to chromatographic techniques to purify the recombinant silk proteins.
The purified silk proteins could be dried, dissolved using solvents (DOPE formation) and transformed into microfibers using wet-spinning fiber production methods. The spun fibers were reported to have tenacities in the range of 2 - 3 grams/denier and elongation range of 25-45%. The "Biosteel biopolymer" had been transformed into nanofibers and nanomeshes using the electrospinning technique.
Nexia is the only company that has successfully produced fibers from spider silk expressed in goat's milk. The Lewis lab has produced fibers from recombinant spider silk protein and sy
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otter%20%28dinghy%29
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Otter is a classification referring to a particular design for a two-man sailing dinghy with a glass fibre hull. Its rig consists of a main, a jib and an optional symmetric spinnaker. The hull dimensions are 11 ft 11 in length and 4 ft 10 in beam. The boat has a draft of 3 ft 6 in with the centreboard down. The sail area (main and jib) is 75 sq. ft. The class symbol is a stylised glass bubble; due to the original lightweight "cigar box cedar" construction of the prototypes, the name 'Bubble' was first used for the boat. John Baker obtained the plans for an expanded version of the boat in G.R.P. and hence renamed the boat 'Glass Bubble'. After being put into production by Baker, the name 'Otter' was adopted; coming from the river of the same name in East Devon, close to where the boat was manufactured.
The Otter also handles well and can be sailed with larger crews than the two man racing crew. The boats are also incredibly easy to sail single handed as well. However, when sailing with more than two people the boat does tend to sit quite low in the water and does affect the performance of the dinghy.
The Otter was originally designed by George O'Brien Kennedy for G.R.P. Moulding, and was first produced in the mid 1960s by John Baker, Kenton Forge Ltd. The production was moved at least once, with later boats being produced by Chris Clarance Marine, Shaldon, Devon. The boats were produced for at least 22 years, with at least 1173 boats being produced.
The last Otter dinghies
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCC6
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Multidrug resistance-associated protein 6 (MRP6) also known as ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 6 (ABCC6) and multi-specific organic anion transporter E (MOAT-E) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ABCC6 gene. The protein encoded by the ABCC6 gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters.
ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the MRP subfamily which is involved in multidrug resistance.
Pathology
Mutations in this protein cause pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE). The most common mutations, R1141X and 23-29del, account for about 25% of the found mutations.
Premature atherosclerosis is also associated with mutations in the ABCC6 gene, even in those without PXE.
Deficiency of Abcc6 in mouse models of ischemia leads to larger infarcts, which can be rescued by Abcc6 overexpression.
Location
Abcc6 gene encodes an intracellular transporter associated with mitochondrial function, located in the mitochondrial-associated membrane (MAM), whereas its substrate can be located in either MAM, cytosol or ER.
Abcc6 is primarily expressed in liver and kidney,.
References
External links
GeneReviews/NIH/NCBI/UW entry on Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum
Membrane Topology Model of Human ABCC6 protein
ATP-binding cassette transporters
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wohl
|
Wohl may refer to:
Chemistry
Wohl–Aue reaction
Wohl degradation
Wohl equation
Wohl–Ziegler bromination
People
Wohl is a spelling of Wahl, which corresponds to English well from German Language well or sure. Also from Polish elected.
Aleksandar Wohl (born 1963), Australian chess player
Alfred Wohl (1863–1939), German chemist
Brian Wohl (born 1972), known by his ring name Julio Dinero, American professional wrestler
Cecília Wohl (1862–1939), Hungarian philanthropist
Daniel Wohl (born 1980), French composer
Dave Wohl (born 1949), American former NBA player and coach
David Wohl (actor) (born 1953), American actor
David Wohl, American comic book writer and editor
Eddie Wohl, American record producer and member of rock music ensemble World Fire Brigade
Ellen Wohl (born 1962), American fluvial geomorphologist
Herman Wohl (1877–1936), American composer
Ira Wohl, American documentary filmmaker
Jacob Wohl (born 1997), American far-right conspiracy theorist, fraudster, and Internet troll
Jeanette Wohl (1783–1861), German correspondent and heir of Ludwig Börne
Louis de Wohl (1903–1961), Hungarian astrologer and writer
Martin Wohl (died 2009), American transportation economist
Mary Ellen Wohl (1932–2009), American pulmonologist
Maurice Wohl (1923–2007), British philanthropist
Paul Wohl (1901–1985), German journalist and political commentator
Richard Wohl (1921–1957), American sociologist
Places
Wohl Centre, at Bar-Ilan University in Ramat Gan]], Israel
W
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CYP2C9
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Cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9 (abbreviated CYP2C9) is an enzyme protein. The enzyme is involved in metabolism, by oxidation, of both xenobiotics, including drugs, and endogenous compounds, including fatty acids. In humans, the protein is encoded by the CYP2C9 gene. The gene is highly polymorphic, which affects the efficiency of the metabolism by the enzyme.
Function
CYP2C9 is a crucial cytochrome P450 enzyme, which plays a significant role in the metabolism, by oxidation, of both xenobiotic and endogenous compounds. CYP2C9 makes up about 18% of the cytochrome P450 protein in liver microsomes. The protein is mainly expressed in liver, duodenum and small intestine. About 100 therapeutic drugs are metabolized by CYP2C9, including drugs with a narrow therapeutic index such as warfarin and phenytoin, and other routinely prescribed drugs such as acenocoumarol, tolbutamide, losartan, glipizide, and some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. By contrast, the known extrahepatic CYP2C9 often metabolizes important endogenous compounds such as serotonin and, owing to its epoxygenase activity, various polyunsaturated fatty acids, converting these fatty acids to a wide range of biological active products.
In particular, CYP2C9 metabolizes arachidonic acid to the following eicosatrienoic acid epoxide (EETs) stereoisomer sets: 5R,6S-epoxy-8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic and 5S,6R-epoxy-8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acids; 11R,12S-epoxy-8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic and 11S,12R-epo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farimah%20Farjami
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Farimah Farjami (, 8 May 1952 – 30 June 2023) was an Iranian actress. She received various accolades, including a Crystal Simorgh for The Last Act (1991). Her acting in films, especially in independent women's dramas, was repeatedly praised by critics. She was often referred to as one of the leading actors of her generation.
Life and career
Farjami's performances in the roles of wandering and wavering young or middle age women who struggle with psychological and personal problems were admired by film critics, and won awards for The Lead (1988, Masoud Kimiai), The Last Act (1990, Varouj Karim-Masihi), and Nargess (1992, Rakhshan Bani Etemad) from International Fajr Film Festival.
Farjami died on 30 June 2023, at the age of 71, after suffering two strokes.
References
External links
1952 births
2023 deaths
Actresses from Tehran
Iranian film actresses
Iranian stage actresses
Iranian television actresses
Crystal Simorgh for Best Actress winners
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CYP2C19
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Cytochrome P450 2C19 (abbreviated CYP2C19) is an enzyme protein. It is a member of the CYP2C subfamily of the cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase system. This subfamily includes enzymes that catalyze metabolism of xenobiotics, including some proton pump inhibitors and antiepileptic drugs. In humans, it is the CYP2C19 gene that encodes the CYP2C19 protein. CYP2C19 is a liver enzyme that acts on at least 10% of drugs in current clinical use, most notably the antiplatelet treatment clopidogrel (Plavix), drugs that treat pain associated with ulcers, such as omeprazole, antiseizure drugs such as mephenytoin, the antimalarial proguanil, and the anxiolytic diazepam.
CYP2C19 has been annotated as (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase and (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase in UniProt.
Function
The gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. Enzymes in the CYP2C subfamily, including CYP2C19, account for approximately 20% of cytochrome P450 in the adult liver. These proteins are monooxygenases that catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and is known to metabolize many drugs. Polymorphism within this gene is associated with variable ability to metabolize drugs. The gene is located within a cluster of cytochrome P450 genes on chromosome no.10 arm q24.
CYP2C19 also possesses epoxygenase activity: it is one of the principal enzymes responsible for attack
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CYP2C8
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Cytochrome P4502C8 (CYP2C8) is a member of the cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase system involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics in the body. Cytochrome P4502C8 also possesses epoxygenase activity, i.e. it metabolizes long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, e.g. arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and Linoleic acid to their biologically active epoxides.
Ligands
Following is a table of selected substrates, inducers and inhibitors of 2C8.
Inhibitors of CYP2C8 can be classified by their potency, such as:
Strong inhibitor being one that causes at least a five-fold increase in the plasma AUC values, or more than 80% decrease in clearance.
Moderate inhibitor being one that causes at least a two-fold increase in the plasma AUC values, or 50-80% decrease in clearance.
Weak inhibitor being one that causes at least a 1.25-fold but less than two-fold increase in the plasma AUC values, or 20-50% decrease in clearance.
Where classes of agents are listed, there may be exceptions within the class.
Epoxygenase activity
CYP2C8 also possesses epoxygenase activity: it is one of the principal enzymes responsible for attacking various long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids at their double (i.e. alkene) bonds to form epoxide products that act as signaling agents. It metabolizes: 1) arachidonic acid to various epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (also termed EETs); 2) linoleic acid to 9,10-epoxy octadecenoic acids (also termed vernolic acid, linoleic acid 9:10-oxide, or
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized%20Wiener%20process
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In statistics, a generalized Wiener process (named after Norbert Wiener) is a continuous time random walk with drift and random jumps at every point in time. Formally:
where a and b are deterministic functions, t is a continuous index for time, x is a set of exogenous variables that may change with time, dt is a differential in time, and η is a random draw from a standard normal distribution at each instant.
See also
Wiener process
Wiener process
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitra%20Hajjar
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Mitra Hajjar (; born February 4, 1977) is an Iranian actress. She has received various accolades, including a Crystal Simorgh, in addition to nominations for three Hafez Award, an Iran Cinema Celebration Award and an Iran's Film Critics and Writers Association Award.
Career
Hajjar started acting with "Strangely" directed by Ahmad Amini. She has also starred in TV series, most notably "Young Police". She has acted in the theatrical show "Uncle Vania" in France. In 2005, she left Iran for France, and then went to America to study directorship. She lived abroad for 3 years, and she also played in an episode of the American Show "Smith". She received a nomination for the best actress in a supporting role for the movie "Long Goodbye". Hajjar was named the best actress in her film Wishbone.
Selected filmography
The Cry, 1999
Born under Libra, 2001
Protest, 2000
Killing Mad Dogs, 2001
Nights of Tehran 2001
Rokhsareh, 2002
The Poisonous Mushroom, 2002
Pink (2003 film), 2003
Alghazali - The Alchemist of happiness, 2004
The Intruder, 2002
Loser, 2002
The Fugitive, 2003
The Crime, 2004
It's Winter, 2006
The Secrets, 2007
This Is Not A Love Song, 2007
The Hunter, 2010
Anahita, 2010
Motherless, 2022
References
External links
1977 births
Living people
Actors from Mashhad
Iranian film actresses
Iranian stage actresses
Iranian television actresses
21st-century Iranian actresses
Crystal Simorgh for Best Actress winners
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amin%20Hayai
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Amin Hayai (; born June 9, 1970) is an Iranian actor. He has received various accolades, including two Crystal Simorgh, three Hafez Awards and an Iran's Film Critics and Writers Association Honorary Diploma, in addition to nomination for an Iran Cinema Celebration Award.
Career
He started acting in theater along with his education. After finishing high school, he entered military service, and also acted in the art center of air force army. In 1991 he acted in a theatrical show for kids with the directorship of Soraya Ghasemi. It took him long to get a main acting role in movies, and he was successful in his first movie Eve's Red Apple. He has also won the best male actor award in Fajr film festival for the film by Rasoul Sadr-Ameli, "The Night", in 2008.
Hayai appeared in the film Woodpecker in 2018. Hayai also will appear in the film We Like You Miss Yaya which he filmed in 2017. He was awarded the Diploma Honorary for Best Actor for Blazing at the Fajr Film Festival in 2018.
In 2019, he became a judge in the first Iranian Talent Show called Asre Jadid Produced by Ehsan alikhani.
Personal life
He was married to Mona Bankipour and they have a son, Dara Hayai. They were divorced, and he is now married to Niloufar Khoshkholgh, who is an Iranian actress.
Filmography
Film
Web
References
External links
Amin Hayai on Instagram
1970 births
Living people
Iranian comedians
Iranian male actors
Iranian male singers
Male actors from Tehran
Iranian male film actors
Iranian
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faramarz%20Gharibian
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Faramarz Gharibian (; born 18 November 1941) is an Iranian retired actor. He won three Crystal Simorgh Awards for his performances in The Train (1988), Misty Harbour (1992), and The Rain Man (1998).
Career
He learned film acting in the School of Visual Arts, US (1971). He started his career with a short role in Come Stranger (1968, Masoud Kimiai). His professional debut was in Soil (1973, Masoud Kimiai).
In most of his films, he plays the role of a resolute man who, in order to achieve his goals or preserve his ideals, must face conflict and danger. He has some adventure films in his career and also directed three feature films, Duel in Tasuki (1986), Law (1995) and Her Eyes (1999). Gharibian has been nominated for the prize of Best Actor, and has won the prize for Train (1987), Misty Harbor (1992) and The Rain Man (1999) from Fajr International Film Festival.
In recent years, he has won international awards from around the world. He won the award for Best Actor at the 25th Moscow International Film Festival and Asia Pacific Film Festival for Dancing in the Dust, he also won the Special Jury Prize in the International Film Festival of India for The Beautiful City.
Filmography
The Deers, 1974
Ghazal, 1975
Jong-e Athar, 1977
The Tall Shadows of the Wind, 1977
The Messenger, 1981
Kani-Manga, 1986
The Train, 1987
The Wolf’s Trail, 1991
Misty Harbour, 1992
I Want to Live, 1994
The Rain Man, 1998
Dancing in the Dust, 2002
Beautiful City, 2005
The Wet Dream, 20
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%20test
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In statistics, the White test is a statistical test that establishes whether the variance of the errors in a regression model is constant: that is for homoskedasticity.
This test, and an estimator for heteroscedasticity-consistent standard errors, were proposed by Halbert White in 1980. These methods have become widely used, making this paper one of the most cited articles in economics.
In cases where the White test statistic is statistically significant, heteroskedasticity may not necessarily be the cause; instead the problem could be a specification error. In other words, the White test can be a test of heteroskedasticity or specification error or both. If no cross product terms are introduced in the White test procedure, then this is a test of pure heteroskedasticity.
If cross products are introduced in the model, then it is a test of both heteroskedasticity and specification bias.
Testing constant variance
To test for constant variance one undertakes an auxiliary regression analysis: this regresses the squared residuals from the original regression model onto a set of regressors that contain the original regressors along with their squares and cross-products. One then inspects the R2. The Lagrange multiplier (LM) test statistic is the product of the R2 value and sample size:
This follows a chi-squared distribution, with degrees of freedom equal to P − 1, where P is the number of estimated parameters (in the auxiliary regression).
The logic of the test is as follows
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khosrow%20Shakibai
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Khosrow Shakibai (; March 27, 1944 – July 18, 2008) was an Iranian actor. He has received various accolades, including three Crystal Simorgh, a Hafez Award, two Iran Cinema Celebration Awards and an Iran's Film Critics and Writers Association Award.
Career
He ranks amongst the most accomplished actors of his generation. Khosrow Shakibai was born to Colonel Ahmad Shakibāi and Ms Farideh Khātami. His father, who was an army Colonel, died from cancer when Khosrow (called Mahmoud by family and close friends) was only fourteen. Khosrow studied acting at Faculty of Fine Arts of University of Tehran. He began his stage career in 1963 and branched out his activities into film dubbing in 1968. Shakibā'í initiated his film acting in 1982 with Khatt-e Ghermez (The Red Line), directed by Masoud Kimiai. He had played in seven feature films when the film director Dariush Mehrjui offered him the title role of Hamoun, a film that over time has achieved a cult status.
Shakibai's performance in Hamoun marked a turning point in his career. He received a Crystal Simorgh at Fajr International Film Festival for his portrayal of Hamoun, a literary intellectual who gradually loses his touch with reality and becomes entrapped into an obsessive and destructive conflict with his estranged wife whom he deeply loves. Shakibai played also in some major television series. He won a Crystal Phoenix for Kimiā (The Philosopher's Stone) (1994) directed by Ahmad Reza Darvish.
Shakibai found also a considera
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred%20Burne
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Alfred Higgins Burne DSO (1886–1959) was a soldier and military historian. He invented the concept of Inherent Military Probability; in battles and campaigns where there is some doubt over what action was taken, Burne believed that the action taken would be one which a trained staff officer of the twentieth century would take.
Career
Alfred Burne was educated at Winchester School and RMA Woolwich, before being commissioned into the Royal Artillery in 1906. He was awarded the DSO during the First World War and, during World War II, was Commandant of the 121st Officer Cadet Training Unit. He retired as a Lieutenant-Colonel.
He was Military Editor of Chambers Encyclopedia from 1938 to 1957 and became an authority on the history of land warfare. He was a contributor to the Dictionary of National Biography.
Burne lived in Kensington and his funeral was held at St Mary Abbots there.
Inherent Military Probability
Burne introduced the concept of Inherent Military Probability (IMP) to the study of military history. He himself defined it thus :
My method here is to start with what appear to be undisputed facts, then to place myself in the shoes of each commander in turn, and to ask myself in each case what I would have done. This I call working on Inherent Military Probability. I then compare the resulting action with the existing record in order to see whether it discloses any incompatibility with the existing facts. If not, I then go on to the next debatable or obscure po
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy%20of%20sublimation
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In thermodynamics, the enthalpy of sublimation, or heat of sublimation, is the heat required to sublimate (change from solid to gas) one mole of a substance at a given combination of temperature and pressure, usually standard temperature and pressure (STP). It is equal to the cohesive energy of the solid. For elemental metals, it is also equal to the standard enthalpy of formation of the gaseous metal atoms. The heat of sublimation is usually expressed in kJ/mol, although the less customary kJ/kg is also encountered.
Sublimation enthalpies
See also
Heat
Sublimation (chemistry)
Phase transition
Clausius-Clapeyron equation
References
Enthalpy
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haynes%E2%80%93Shockley%20experiment
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In semiconductor physics, the Haynes–Shockley experiment was an experiment that demonstrated that diffusion of minority carriers in a semiconductor could result in a current. The experiment was reported in a short paper by Haynes and Shockley in 1948, with a more detailed version published by Shockley, Pearson, and Haynes in 1949.
The experiment can be used to measure carrier mobility, carrier lifetime, and diffusion coefficient.
In the experiment, a piece of semiconductor gets a pulse of holes, for example, as induced by voltage or a short laser pulse.
Equations
To see the effect, we consider a n-type semiconductor with the length d. We are interested in determining the mobility of the carriers, diffusion constant and relaxation time. In the following, we reduce the problem to one dimension.
The equations for electron and hole currents are:
where the js are the current densities of electrons (e) and holes (p), the μs the charge carrier mobilities, E is the electric field, n and p the number densities of charge carriers, the Ds are diffusion coefficients, and x is position. The first term of the equations is the drift current, and the second term is the diffusion current.
Derivation
We consider the continuity equation:
Subscript 0s indicate equilibrium concentrations. The electrons and the holes recombine with the carrier lifetime τ.
We define
so the upper equations can be rewritten as:
In a simple approximation, we can consider the electric field to be cons
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muconate%20lactonizing%20enzyme
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Muconate lactonizing enzymes (, muconate cycloisomerase I, cis,cis-muconate-lactonizing enzyme, cis,cis-muconate cycloisomerase, 4-carboxymethyl-4-hydroxyisocrotonolactone lyase (decyclizing), CatB, MCI, MLE, 2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate lyase (decyclizing)) are involved in the breakdown of lignin-derived aromatics, catechol and protocatechuate, to citric acid cycle intermediates as a part of the β-ketoadipate pathway in soil microbes. Some bacterial species are also capable of dehalogenating chloroaromatic compounds by the action of chloromuconate lactonizing enzymes. MLEs consist of several strands which have variable reaction favorable parts therefore the configuration of the strands affect its ability to accept protons. The bacterial MLEs belong to the enolase superfamily, several structures from which are known. MLEs have an identifying structure made up of two proteins and two Magnesium ions as well as various classes depending on whether it is bacterial or eukaryotic. The reaction mechanism that MLEs undergo are the reverse of beta-elimination in which the enolate alpha-carbon is protonated. MLEs can undergo mutations caused by a deletion of catB structural genes which can cause some bacteria to lose its functions such as the ability to grow. Additional mutations to MLEs can cause its structure and function to alter and could cause the conformation to change therefore making it an inactive enzyme that is unable to bind its substrate. There is another enzyme called
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandelate%20racemase
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Mandelate racemase () is a bacterial enzyme which catalyzes the interconversion of the enantiomers of mandelate via an enol intermediate. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
(S)-mandelate (R)-mandelate
It is a member of the enolase superfamily of enzymes, along with muconate lactonizing enzyme and enolase.
References
External links
EC 5.1.2
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enolase%20superfamily
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The enolase superfamily is a superfamily of enzymes, members of which catalyse a range of reactions.
The enolase superfamily includes enzymes that catalyse a wide variety of reactions and performing diverse roles in metabolism. However, the reactions catalysed share the common chemical step of abstraction of a proton from a carbon adjacent to a carboxylic acid and a requirement of a divalent metal ion. This diversity of functions is in contrast to many families of enzymes whose members catalyse similar chemical reactions on different substrates.
Members
Enolase
Mandelate racemase (MR)
Muconate lactonizing enzyme (MLE)
The primary sequences of MR and MLE, approximately 25% identical, are related but significantly different; whereas their three-dimensional structures are similar. The enzyme enolase has a more distant, but nevertheless clear, relationship to MLE and MR. The enolase superfamily has served as a model superfamily for understanding enzyme function and is one of the protein families under study by the Enzyme Function Initiative (EFI).
References
External links
Evolution of an enzyme active site: the structure of a new crystal form of muconate lactonizing enzyme compared with mandelate racemase and enolase.
Enolase Superfamily overview from the EFI
Enzymes
Enols
Protein superfamilies
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representation%20theorem
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In mathematics, a representation theorem is a theorem that states that every abstract structure with certain properties is isomorphic to another (abstract or concrete) structure.
Examples
Algebra
Cayley's theorem states that every group is isomorphic to a permutation group.
Representation theory studies properties of abstract groups via their representations as linear transformations of vector spaces.
Stone's representation theorem for Boolean algebras states that every Boolean algebra is isomorphic to a field of sets.
A variant, Stone's representation theorem for distributive lattices, states that every distributive lattice is isomorphic to a sublattice of the power set lattice of some set.
Another variant, Stone's duality, states that there exists a duality (in the sense of an arrow-reversing equivalence) between the categories of Boolean algebras and that of Stone spaces.
The Poincaré–Birkhoff–Witt theorem states that every Lie algebra embeds into the commutator Lie algebra of its universal enveloping algebra.
Ado's theorem states that every finite-dimensional Lie algebra over a field of characteristic zero embeds into the Lie algebra of endomorphisms of some finite-dimensional vector space.
Birkhoff's HSP theorem states that every model of an algebra A is the homomorphic image of a subalgebra of a direct product of copies of A.
In the study of semigroups, the Wagner–Preston theorem provides a representation of an inverse semigroup S, as a homomorphic image of t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner%20Fenchel
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Moritz Werner Fenchel (; 3 May 1905 – 24 January 1988) was a mathematician known for his contributions to geometry and to optimization theory. Fenchel established the basic results of convex analysis and nonlinear optimization theory which would, in time, serve as the foundation for nonlinear programming. A German-born Jew and early refugee from Nazi suppression of intellectuals, Fenchel lived most of his life in Denmark. Fenchel's monographs and lecture notes are considered influential.
Biography
Early life and education
Fenchel was born on 3 May 1905 in Berlin, Germany, his younger brother was the Israeli film director and architect Heinz Fenchel.
Fenchel studied mathematics and physics at the University of Berlin between 1923 and 1928. He wrote his doctorate thesis in geometry (Über Krümmung und Windung geschlossener Raumkurven) under Ludwig Bieberbach.
Professorship in Germany
From 1928 to 1933, Fenchel was Professor E. Landau's Assistant at the University of Göttingen. During a one-year leave (on Rockefeller Fellowship) between 1930 and 1931, Fenchel spent time in Rome with Levi-Civita, as well as in Copenhagen with Harald Bohr and Tommy Bonnesen.
He visited Denmark again in 1932.
Professorship in exile
Fenchel taught at Göttingen until 1933, when the Nazi discrimination laws led to mass-firings of Jews.
Fenchel emigrated to Denmark somewhere between April and September 1933, ultimately obtaining a position at the University of Copenhagen. In December 1933, F
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattice%20reduction
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In mathematics, the goal of lattice basis reduction is to find a basis with short, nearly orthogonal vectors when given an integer lattice basis as input. This is realized using different algorithms, whose running time is usually at least exponential in the dimension of the lattice.
Nearly orthogonal
One measure of nearly orthogonal is the orthogonality defect. This compares the product of the lengths of the basis vectors with the volume of the parallelepiped they define. For perfectly orthogonal basis vectors, these quantities would be the same.
Any particular basis of vectors may be represented by a matrix , whose columns are the basis vectors . In the fully dimensional case where the number of basis vectors is equal to the dimension of the space they occupy, this matrix is square, and the volume of the fundamental parallelepiped is simply the absolute value of the determinant of this matrix . If the number of vectors is less than the dimension of the underlying space, then volume is . For a given lattice , this volume is the same (up to sign) for any basis, and hence is referred to as the determinant of the lattice or lattice constant .
The orthogonality defect is the product of the basis vector lengths divided by the parallelepiped volume;
From the geometric definition it may be appreciated that with equality if and only if the basis is orthogonal.
If the lattice reduction problem is defined as finding the basis with the smallest possible defect, then the problem
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