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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riesz%20theorem
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The Riesz theorem may refer to any of several mathematical theorems due to brothers Frigyes Riesz and Marcel Riesz:
F. and M. Riesz theorem
F. Riesz's theorem – Characterizes finite-dimensional Hausdorff topological vector spaces (TVSs).
Riesz representation theorem
M. Riesz extension theorem
Riesz–Thorin theorem
Riesz–Fischer theorem
Riesz's lemma
Riesz–Markov–Kakutani representation theorem
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA%20oxidation
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DNA oxidation is the process of oxidative damage of deoxyribonucleic acid. As described in detail by Burrows et al., 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) is the most common oxidative lesion observed in duplex DNA because guanine has a lower one-electron reduction potential than the other nucleosides in DNA. The one electron reduction potentials of the nucleosides (in volts versus NHE) are guanine 1.29, adenine 1.42, cytosine 1.6 and thymine 1.7. About 1 in 40,000 guanines in the genome are present as 8-oxo-dG under normal conditions. This means that >30,000 8-oxo-dGs may exist at any given time in the genome of a human cell. Another product of DNA oxidation is 8-oxo-dA. 8-oxo-dA occurs at about 1/10 the frequency of 8-oxo-dG. The reduction potential of guanine may be reduced by as much as 50%, depending on the particular neighboring nucleosides stacked next to it within DNA.
Excess DNA oxidation is linked to certain diseases and cancers, while normal levels of oxidized nucleotides, due to normal levels of ROS, may be necessary for memory and learning.
Oxidized bases in DNA
More than 20 oxidatively damaged DNA base lesions were identified in 2003 by Cooke et al. and these overlap the 12 oxidized bases reported in 1992 by Dizdaroglu. Two of the most frequently oxidized bases found by Dizdaroglu after ionizing radiation (causing oxidative stress) were the two oxidation products of guanine shown in the figure. One of these products was 8-OH-Gua (8-hydroxyguanine). (The ar
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trader%20%28finance%29
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A trader is a person, firm, or entity in finance who buys and sells financial instruments, such as forex, cryptocurrencies, stocks, bonds, commodities, derivatives, and mutual funds in the capacity of agent, hedger, arbitrageur, or speculator.
Duties and types
The word "trader" appeared as early as 1863 in a universal dictionary as "trading man." Traders work for financial institutions as foreign exchange or securities dealers in the cash market and in the futures market, or for their own account as proprietary traders. They also include stock exchange traders, but not stockbrokers or lead brokers.
Traders buy and sell financial instruments traded in the stock markets, derivatives markets and commodity markets, comprising the stock exchanges, derivatives exchanges, and the commodities exchanges. Several categories and designations for diverse kinds of traders are found in finance, including:
Bond trader
Floor trader
Hedge fund trader
High-frequency trader
Market maker
Pattern day trader
Principal trader
Proprietary trader
Rogue trader
Scalper
Stock trader
Income
According to the Wall Street Journal in 2004, a managing director convertible bond trader was earning between $700,000 and $900,000 on average.
See also
Commodities exchange
Commodity market
Derivatives market
List of commodity traders
List of trading losses
Mismarking
Stock exchange
Stock market
Trading strategy
References
External links
Financial services occupations
Stock market
Commodity markets
Financia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybdopterin
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Molybdopterins are a class of cofactors found in most molybdenum-containing and all tungsten-containing enzymes. Synonyms for molybdopterin are: MPT and pyranopterin-dithiolate. The nomenclature for this biomolecule can be confusing: Molybdopterin itself contains no molybdenum; rather, this is the name of the ligand (a pterin) that will bind the active metal. After molybdopterin is eventually complexed with molybdenum, the complete ligand is usually called molybdenum cofactor.
Molybdopterin consists of a pyranopterin, a complex heterocycle featuring a pyran fused to a pterin ring. In addition, the pyran ring features two thiolates, which serve as ligands in molybdo- and tungstoenzymes. In some cases, the alkyl phosphate group is replaced by an alkyl diphosphate nucleotide. Enzymes that contain the molybdopterin cofactor include xanthine oxidase, DMSO reductase, sulfite oxidase, and nitrate reductase.
The only molybdenum-containing enzymes that do not feature molybdopterins are the nitrogenases (enzymes that fix nitrogen). These contain an iron-sulfur center of a very different type, which also contains molybdenum.
Biosynthesis
Unlike many other cofactors, molybdenum cofactor (Moco) cannot be taken up as a nutrient. The cofactor thus requires de novo biosynthesis. Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis occurs in four steps: (i) the radical-mediated cyclization of nucleotide, guanosine triphosphate (GTP), to (8S)‑3',8‐cyclo‑7,8‑dihydroguanosine 5'‑triphosphate (), (ii) the fo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legendre%27s%20equation
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In mathematics, Legendre's equation is the Diophantine equation
The equation is named for Adrien-Marie Legendre who proved in 1785 that it is solvable in integers x, y, z, not all zero, if and only if
−bc, −ca and −ab are quadratic residues modulo a, b and c, respectively, where a, b, c are nonzero, square-free, pairwise relatively prime integers, not all positive or all negative .
References
L. E. Dickson, History of the Theory of Numbers. Vol.II: Diophantine Analysis, Chelsea Publishing, 1971, . Chap.XIII, p. 422.
J.E. Cremona and D. Rusin, "Efficient solution of rational conics", Math. Comp., 72 (2003) pp. 1417-1441.
Diophantine equations
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive%20map
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The term positive map may refer to:
Positive-definite functions in classical analysis
Choi's theorem on completely positive maps between C*-algebras (pronounced "C-star algebra")
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell%20theory
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The term shell theory may refer to:
The shell theorem of fields and potentials due to a spherically symmetrical body
Part of the theory of plates and shells in continuum mechanics
The membrane theory of shells in continuum mechanics
The nuclear shell model in quantum mechanics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA%20laddering
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DNA laddering is a feature that can be observed when DNA fragments, resulting from Apoptosis DNA fragmentation are visualized after separation by gel electrophoresis the first described in 1980 by Andrew Wyllie at the University Edinburgh medical school DNA fragments can also be delected in cells that underwent necrosis, when theses DNA fragments after separation are subjected to gel electrophoresis which in the results in a characteristic ladder pattern,
DNA degradation
DNA laddering is a distinctive feature of DNA degraded by caspase-activated DNase (CAD), which is a key event during apoptosis. CAD cleaves genomic DNA at internucleosomal linker regions, resulting in DNA fragments that are multiples of 180–185 base-pairs in length. Separation of the fragments by agarose gel electrophoresis and subsequent visualization, for example by ethidium bromide staining, results in a characteristic "ladder" pattern. A simple method of selective extraction of fragmented DNA from apoptotic cells without the presence of high molecular weight DNA sections, generating the laddering pattern, utilizes pretreatment of cells in ethanol.
Apoptosis and necrosis
While most of the morphological features of apoptotic cells are short-lived, DNA laddering can be used as final state read-out method and has therefore become a reliable method to distinguish apoptosis from necrosis. DNA laddering can also be used to see if cells underwent apoptosis in the presence of a virus. This is useful because it
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VGP
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VGP may refer to:
VGP JSC, a Ukrainian manufacturer of sanitary paper products
VGP Universal Kingdom, an amusement park in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Vermont Green Party
Vertebrate Genomes Project
Verlagsgruppe Passau, a German publishing company; see Deník
Vessels General Permit, related to ship pollution in the United States
Virtual Geomagnetic Pole, see plate reconstruction
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau%20%28disambiguation%29
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Tau (Τ or τ) is the 19th letter of the Greek alphabet.
Tau may also refer to:
Mathematics
Tau (mathematical constant), a circle constant equal to (6.28318...)
Tau test in statistics (tau-a, tau-b and tau-c tests or Kendall tau rank correlation coefficient)
Tau function (disambiguation), several
Geography
Tau, Norway, a small town in Strand municipality, Rogaland county, Norway
Tău (disambiguation), two villages in Romania
Ta‘ū, an island in the Manua Island Group of American Samoa
Ta'u County, a county in American Samoa
Tau (Tongatapu), an island of the Tongatapu group in Tonga
Tau (Haapai), an island of the Haapai group in Tonga
Tau (Botswana), a village at the base of the Tswapong Hills in Botswana
Science and technology
TAU (spacecraft), a proposal to send a space probe to a thousand astronomical units from the Earth
Tau (particle), also called Tau lepton, an elementary particle in particle physics
Tau emerald, a species of dragonfly
Tau neutrino a subatomic elementary particle
Tau protein, a biochemical protein associated with microtubules
Tau, the standard astronomical abbreviation for Taurus (constellation)
Tau, a mutation in the Casein kinase 1 epsilon protein, in circadian biology
Rational Tau, a UML and SysML modeling tool
Opsanus tau, the scientific name for the oyster toadfish
Arts and media
Tau (film), a 2018 thriller film starring Maika Monroe
Tău (Negură Bunget album), a 2015 album by Romanian black metal band Negură Bunget
Tau, an alien rac
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opel%20Performance%20Center
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Opel Performance Center (OPC) is a division of the German automobile manufacturer Opel, initially set up as a subsidiary in 1997. The main focus of OPC is the development of performance derivatives of the Opel range, such as the hot hatch Corsa OPC and Astra OPC.
The OPC name is also used in some motorsport activities such as the VLN. In the United Kingdom, where Opel vehicles are sold under the Vauxhall marque, the VXR name is used instead. Former DTM racer Volker Strycek is managing director of Opel Performance Center.
History
Opel Performance Center GmbH was established in 1997. The first OPC car was an Astra G launched in 1999.
Prior to OPC models, Opel used the Grand Sport Injection (GSi) designation in the mid 1980s and the end of the 1990s for its high performance and hot hatch derivatives. Opel has offered many GSi models, e.g. the Manta B GSi, Kadett E GSi or Astra F GSi. The last vehicle with the GSi moniker was the Corsa C GSi, which was offered in the Opel model range until 2004. After three years, Opel decided to use the GSi moniker for the Corsa D in 2007.
With the Insignia B OPC Line being discontinued in 2022, the OPC sub-brand will be replaced by GSe, which now stands for Grand Sport electric.
OPC models
The retail versions developed by OPC are sold under the Opel brand, as special versions of the standard Opel vehicles. They are typically painted in a bright shade of blue, called Arden Blue (though other colours are available too). Their competition in
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal%20cord%20stimulator
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A spinal cord stimulator (SCS) or dorsal column stimulator (DCS) is a type of implantable neuromodulation device (sometimes called a "pain pacemaker") that is used to send electrical signals to select areas of the spinal cord (dorsal columns) for the treatment of certain pain conditions. SCS is a consideration for people who have a pain condition that has not responded to more conservative therapy. There are also spinal cord stimulators under research and development that could enable patients with spinal cord injury to walk again via epidural electrical stimulation (EES).
Medical uses
The most common use of SCS is failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) in the United States and peripheral ischemic pain in Europe.
As of 2014 the FDA had approved SCS as a treatment for FBSS, chronic pain, complex regional pain syndrome, intractable angina, as well as visceral abdominal and perineal pain and pain in the extremities from nerve damage.
Once a person has had a psychological evaluation and deemed an appropriate candidate for SCS, a temporary implant is placed, called a trial, to determine the best stimulation pattern, and the person is sent home for three to ten days with an external pulse generator. If pain control and increased activity was achieved, a permanent system, with leads and a pulse generator, is placed.
Contraindications
SCS may be contraindicated in people who have coagulation related disorders, or are on anticoagulant therapy. Other contraindications include local
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasselblad%20Foundation
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The Hasselblad Foundation (in full: Erna and Victor Hasselblad Foundation), was established in 1979 at the will of Victor Hasselblad, as a fully independent, not-for-profit foundation based at Götaplatsen in Gothenburg, Sweden. The main aim of the Foundation is to promote research and academic teaching in the natural sciences and photography.
History
After the death of Victor Hasselblad in August 1978 it was announced by the Swedish government that he had bequeathed part of his fortune "to establish awards similar to Nobel prizes," with the Erna and Victor Hasselblad Foundation "awarding prizes of around three million Swedish crowns ($700,000) once a year, or twice this sum every two years, to scientists in the natural sciences." At the time the sum corresponded to the annual Nobel prize awards for science and literature. The first grant, 500,000 Swedish Kronor in that instance, went to Sweden's Royal Institute of Technology's Department of Photography, then the country's only scientific research and teaching institution in the field of photography.
Erna and Victor Hasselblad Photography Center
In accord with its origin in the manufacture of innovative cameras, the Foundation also conducts its own research into photography at its Hasselblad Center, which opened in 1989, with Rune Hassner as the organisation's first head 1988-94, and it continues to exhibit Swedish and International photography. On Hassner's initiative the Center commenced a collection with a concentrati
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20neuroscience
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From the ancient Egyptian mummifications to 18th-century scientific research on "globules" and neurons, there is evidence of neuroscience practice throughout the early periods of history. The early civilizations lacked adequate means to obtain knowledge about the human brain. Their assumptions about the inner workings of the mind, therefore, were not accurate. Early views on the function of the brain regarded it to be a form of "cranial stuffing" of sorts. In ancient Egypt, from the late Middle Kingdom onwards, in preparation for mummification, the brain was regularly removed, for it was the heart that was assumed to be the seat of intelligence. According to Herodotus, during the first step of mummification: "The most perfect practice is to extract as much of the brain as possible with an iron hook, and what the hook cannot reach is mixed with drugs." Over the next five thousand years, this view came to be reversed; the brain is now known to be the seat of intelligence, although colloquial variations of the former remain as in "memorizing something by heart".
Antiquity
The earliest reference to the brain occurs in the Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus, written in the 17th century BC. The hieroglyph for brain, occurring eight times in this papyrus, describes the symptoms, diagnosis, and prognosis of two patients, wounded in the head, who had compound fractures of the skull. The assessments of the author (a battlefield surgeon) of the papyrus allude to ancient Egyptians having a v
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balian%E2%80%93Low%20theorem
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In mathematics, the Balian–Low theorem in Fourier analysis is named for Roger Balian and Francis E. Low.
The theorem states that there is no well-localized window function (or Gabor atom) g either in time or frequency for an exact Gabor frame (Riesz Basis).
Statement
Suppose g is a square-integrable function on the real line, and consider the so-called Gabor system
for integers m and n, and a,b>0 satisfying ab=1. The Balian–Low theorem states that if
is an orthonormal basis for the Hilbert space
then either
Generalizations
The Balian–Low theorem has been extended to exact Gabor frames.
See also
Gabor filter (in image processing)
References
Theorems in Fourier analysis
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium%20bromoperoxidase
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Vanadium bromoperoxidases are a kind of enzymes called haloperoxidases. Its primary function is to remove hydrogen peroxide which is produced during photosynthesis from in or around the cell. By producing hypobromous acid (HOBr) a secondary reaction with dissolved organic matter, what results is the bromination of organic compounds that are associated with the defense of the organism. These enzymes produce the bulk of natural organobromine compounds in the world.
Vanadium bromoperoxidases are one of the few classes of enzymes that requires vanadium. The active site features a vanadium oxide center attached to the protein via one histidine side chain and a collection of hydrogen bonds to the oxide ligands.
Occurrence and function
Vanadium bromoperoxidases have been found in bacteria, fungi, marine macro algae (seaweeds), and marine microalgae (diatoms) which produce brominated organic compounds. It has not been definitively identified as the bromoperoxidase of higher eukaryotes, such as murex snails, which have a very stable and specific bromoperoxidase, but perhaps not a vanadium dependent one. While the purpose of the bromoperoxidase is still unknown, the leading theories include that it’s a way of regulating hydrogen peroxide produced by photosynthesis and/or as a self-defense mechanism by producing hypobromic acid which prevents the growth of bacteria.
The enzymes catalyse the oxidation of bromide (0.0067% of sea water) by hydrogen peroxide. The resulting electrophili
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAX6
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Paired box protein Pax-6, also known as aniridia type II protein (AN2) or oculorhombin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PAX6 gene.
Function
PAX6 is a member of the Pax gene family which is responsible for carrying the genetic information that will encode the Pax-6 protein. It acts as a "master control" gene for the development of eyes and other sensory organs, certain neural and epidermal tissues as well as other homologous structures, usually derived from ectodermal tissues. However, it has been recognized that a suite of genes is necessary for eye development, and therefore the term of "master control" gene may be inaccurate. Pax-6 is expressed as a transcription factor when neural ectoderm receives a combination of weak Sonic hedgehog (SHH) and strong TGF-Beta signaling gradients. Expression is first seen in the forebrain, hindbrain, head ectoderm and spinal cord followed by later expression in midbrain. This transcription factor is most noted for its use in the interspecifically induced expression of ectopic eyes and is of medical importance because heterozygous mutants produce a wide spectrum of ocular defects such as aniridia in humans.
Pax6 serves as a regulator in the coordination and pattern formation required for differentiation and proliferation to successfully take place, ensuring that the processes of neurogenesis and oculogenesis are carried out successfully. As a transcription factor, Pax6 acts at the molecular level in the signaling and for
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterioferritin
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Bacterioferritin (Bfr) is an oligomeric protein containing both a binuclear iron centre and haem b. The tertiary and quaternary structure of Bfr is very similar to that of ferritin. The physiological functions of BFR, which may be other than just iron uptake, are not clear. Bfr forms a roughly spherical, hollow shell from 24 identical subunits, incorporating 12 haem groups. Iron is stored as a hydrated ferric oxide mineral in its central cavity (about 80 Å diameter). The overall complex has cubic (432) symmetry. Each subunit includes a binuclear metalbinding site (the diiron site) linking together the four major helices of the subunit, which has been identified as the ferroxidase active site.
Bfr from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PaBfr), unlike other Bfrs, is found to contain two subunit types, which differ considerably in their amino acid sequences. A similar hetero-assembly is seen in the ferritins of higher eukaryotes.
Bfr from Escherichia coli (EcBfr) which naturally shows structural instability and an incomplete self-assembly behavior by populating two oligomerization states has been used as a model for studies on the self-assembly of minimal protein nano-cages.
References
Frolow, F., Kalb, A. J. & Yariv, J. (1994). Structure of a Unique Twofold Symmetrical Heme-Binding Site. Nature Structural Biology 1, 453–460.
Dautant, A., Meyer, J. B., Yariv, J., Precigoux, G., Sweet, R. M., Kalb, A. J. & Frolow, F. (1998). Structure of a monoclinic crystal form of cytochrome b1 (b
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burning%20of%20Smyrna
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The burning of Smyrna (, "Smyrna Catastrophe"; , "1922 Izmir Fire"; , Zmyuṙnio Mets Hrdeh) destroyed much of the port city of Smyrna (modern İzmir, Turkey) in September 1922. Eyewitness reports state that the fire began on 13 September 1922 and lasted until it was largely extinguished on 22 September. It began four days after the Turkish military captured the city on 9 September, effectively ending the Greco-Turkish War, more than three years after the landing of Greek army troops at Smyrna on 15 May 1919. Estimated Greek and Armenian deaths resulting from the fire range from 10,000 to 125,000.
Approximately 80,000 to 400,000 Greek and Armenian refugees crammed the waterfront to escape from the fire. They were forced to remain there under harsh conditions for nearly two weeks. Turkish troops and irregulars had started committing massacres and atrocities against the Greek and Armenian population in the city before the outbreak of the fire. Many women were raped. Tens of thousands of Greek and Armenian men were subsequently deported into the interior of Anatolia, where most of them died in harsh conditions.
The fire completely destroyed the Greek and Armenian quarters of the city; the Muslim and Jewish quarters escaped damage. There are different accounts and eyewitness reports about who was responsible for the fire; most contemporary sources and modern scholars attribute it to Turkish soldiers setting fire to Greek and Armenian homes and businesses to eradicate the last trac
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihydrolipoyl%20transacetylase
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Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase (or dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase) is an enzyme component of the multienzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is responsible for the pyruvate decarboxylation step that links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle. This involves the transformation of pyruvate from glycolysis into acetyl-CoA which is then used in the citric acid cycle to carry out cellular respiration.
There are three different enzyme components in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Pyruvate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.1) is responsible for the oxidation of pyruvate, dihydrolipoyl transacetylase (this enzyme; EC 2.3.1.12) transfers the acetyl group to coenzyme A (CoA), and dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (EC 1.8.1.4) regenerates the lipoamide. Because dihydrolipoyl transacetylase is the second of the three enzyme components participating in the reaction mechanism for conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA, it is sometimes referred to as E2.
In humans, dihydrolipoyl transacetylase enzymatic activity resides in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex component E2 (PDCE2) that is encoded by the DLAT (dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase) gene.
Nomenclature
The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine S-acetyltransferase.
Other names in common use include:
acetyl-CoA:dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase,
acetyl-CoA:enzyme 6-N-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine S-acetyltransferase.
dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase,
dihyd
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%20%28disambiguation%29
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A gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.
Gene or Genes also may refer to:
Given name
Gene (given name)
Gene, a variation of Eugenia (given name)
Gene Autry (1907–1998), American singer-songwriter, actor, businessman
Gene Eugene, American singer, songwriter and producer Gene Andrusco (1961–2000)
Gene Simmons, stage name of Gene Klein (born 1949), American musician and member of Kiss
James Gene Tunney (1897-1978), Irish-American boxer and world heavyweight boxing champion
Gene Vincent, American rock and roll and rockabilly singer and musician Vincent Eugene Craddock (1935–1971)
Gene Wilder, stage name of American actor Jerome Silberman (1933–2016)
Arts and entertainment
Fictional characters
Gene Belcher, on the television series Bob's Burgers
Gene Forrester, in A Separate Peace
Gene Hunt, on the British science fiction/police procedural drama series Life on Mars and its sequel, Ashes to Ashes
Gene Marshall, a collectible fashion doll
Gene, the main antagonist in Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops
Gene, the main character in God Hand
Gene, the main character in The Emoji Movie
Gene Takavic, an alias used by the character Saul Goodman in the television series Better Call Saul
Music
Gene (band), English indie/rock quartet who rose to prominence in the mid-1990s
Genes (album) (2003) by Irish artist Dave Couse
Other arts and entertainment
Genes (game show), Tamil language game show
Gene (novel), a novel by Stel Pavlou
Ge
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-acetyltransferase
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N-acetyltransferase (NAT) is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of acetyl groups from acetyl-CoA to arylamines, arylhydroxylamines and arylhydrazines. They have wide specificity for aromatic amines, particularly serotonin, and can also catalyze acetyl transfer between arylamines without CoA. N-acetyltransferases are cytosolic enzymes found in the liver and many tissues of most mammalian species, except the dog and fox, which cannot acetylate xenobiotics.
Acetyl groups are important in the conjugation of metabolites from the liver, to allow excretion of the byproducts (phase II metabolism). This is especially important in the metabolism and excretion of drug products (drug metabolism).
Enzyme Mechanism
NAT enzymes are differentiated by the presence of a conserved catalytic triad that favors aromatic amine and hydrazine substrates. NATs catalyze the acetylation of small molecules through a double displacement reaction called the ping pong bi bi reaction. The mechanism consists of two sequential reactions. In reaction one acetyl-CoA initially binds to the enzyme and acetylates Cys68. In reaction two, after acetyl-CoA is released, the acetyl acceptor interacts with the acetylated enzyme to form product. This second reaction is independent of the acetyl donor since it leaves the enzyme before the acetyl acceptor binds. However, like with many ping pong bi bi reactions, its possible there is competition between the acetyl donor and acetyl acceptor for the unacetylated enzyme
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Smyrna
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New Smyrna is the name of:
In Greece:
Nea Smyrni, a suburb of Athens, Greece.
In the United States:
New Smyrna, Florida
New Smyrna Beach, Florida
New Smyrna Beach High School
New Smyrna Beach Historic District
New Smyrna Beach Municipal Airport
New Smyrna Sugar Mill Ruins
New Smyrna Speedway
See also
Smyrna (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histiocytoma%20%28dog%29
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A histiocytoma in the dog is a benign tumor. It is an abnormal growth in the skin of histiocytes (histiocytosis), a cell that is part of the immune system. A similar disease in humans, Hashimoto-Pritzker disease, is also a Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Dog breeds that may be more at risk for this tumor include Bulldogs, American Pit Bull Terriers, American Staffordshire Terriers, Scottish Terriers, Greyhounds, Boxers, and Boston Terriers. They also rarely occur in goats and cattle.
Histiocytic disorders
A histiocyte is a differentiated tissue cell that has its origin in the bone marrow. The source for histiocytes is the monocyte/macrophage line. Monocytes (found in the blood) and macrophages (found in tissue) are responsible for phagocytosis (ingestion) of foreign material in the body. Langerhans cells are dendritic cells found in the skin and function by internalizing antigens (foreign particles) and presenting them to T cells. They arise from monocytes. Histiocytic disorders refer to diseases that are caused by abnormal behavior of these cells. They include the following:
Reactive diseases of Langerhans cells
Histiocytomas
Cutaneous histiocytosis
Systemic histiocytosis
Reactive diseases of macrophages
Hemophagocytic syndrome - a condition where macrophages phagocytose myeloid and erythroid precursors (similar to hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in humans)
Malignant diseases of Langerhans cells
Malignant histiocytosis - a condition found in Bernese Mountain Dog
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bewabic%20State%20Park
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Bewabic State Park is a public recreation area covering on the shore of Fortune Lake, west of Crystal Falls in Iron County, Michigan. The state park's rich Civilian Conservation Corps history is evidenced by the CCC structures still in use. The park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its CCC-related architecture in 2016.
History
Herbert F. Larson was appointed as engineer-manager of the Iron County Road Commission in 1917. Taking advantage of a 1913 Michigan law, Larson purchased for the county individual tracts of land as well as wide rights of way along what is now US-2, to be set aside as parks for public use. He particularly looked for and obtained some of the last stands of virgin timber in the county. Larson is credited, in 1919, with the establishment of the first roadside park in America on Stager Lake along US 2. The success of the Stager Lake park led Larson to purchase land for other parks, including the area that is now Bewabic State Park.
Bewabic Park was created in 1923, when Larson purchased a 120-acre farmstead on Fortune Lake containing a stand of virgin timber. Larson turned the farmhouse into a caretaker's residence, and installed a bathing beach, picnic area parking lot, and campground. Improvements at the park were minimal until 1933, when workers from the Civil Works Administration (CWA) were assigned to the park.
One hundred and seventy CWA workers were assigned to Bewabic Park in 1933. They constructed a footbridge and trai
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheoscopic%20fluid
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In fluid mechanics (specifically rheology), rheoscopic fluids are fluids whose internal currents are visible as it flows. Such fluids are effective in visualizing dynamic currents, such as convection and laminar flow. They are microscopic crystalline platelets such as mica, metallic flakes, or fish scales in suspension in a fluid such as water or glycol stearate.
When the fluid is put in motion, the suspended particles orient themselves in localized, preferential alignment, larger parts of the fluid moving sheer parallel to other parts of the fluid. With appropriate illumination, the particle-filled fluid will reflect differing intensities of light.
A Kalliroscope is an art device/technique based on rheoscopic fluids (using crystalline guanine as the indicator particles) invented by artist Paul Matisse.
See also
Reynolds number
References
External links
University of Chicago Materials Research Centre Demonstration
Instructables: Making Rheoscopic fluid
Paul Matisse, rheoscopist
artistic techniques
fluid dynamics
educational toys
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesicular%20monoamine%20transporter%202
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The solute carrier family 18 member 2 (SLC18A2) also known as vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC18A2 gene. SLC18A2 is an integral membrane protein that transports monoamines—particularly neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and histamine—from cellular cytosol into synaptic vesicles. In nigrostriatal pathway and mesolimbic pathway dopamine-releasing neurons, SLC18A2 function is also necessary for the vesicular release of the neurotransmitter GABA.
Binding sites and ligands
SLC18A2 is believed to possess at least two distinct binding sites, which are characterized by tetrabenazine (TBZ) and reserpine binding to the transporter. Amphetamine (TBZ site) and methamphetamine (reserpine site) bind at distinct sites on SLC18A2 to inhibit its function. SLC18A2 inhibitors like tetrabenazine and reserpine reduce the concentration of monoamine neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft by inhibiting uptake through SLC18A2; the inhibition of SLC18A2 uptake by these drugs prevents the storage of neurotransmitters in synaptic vesicles and reduces the quantity of neurotransmitters that are released through exocytosis. Although many substituted amphetamines induce the release of neurotransmitters from vesicles through SLC18A2 while inhibiting uptake through SLC18A2, they may facilitate the release of monoamine neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft by simultaneously reversing the direction of transport through
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelatinase
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Gelatinases are enzymes capable of degrading gelatin through hydrolysis, playing a big role in degradation of the extracellular matrix and remodeling of tissue. Gelatinase is a type of Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP), a family of enzymes that depend on zinc as a cofactor and can break down parts of the extracellular matrix. MMPs have multiple subgroups, including Gelatinase A (MMP-2) and Gelatinase B (MMP-9). Gelatinases are composed of a variety of EC numbers: Gelatinase A uses 3.4.24.24, and Gelatinase B uses 3.4.24.35, noting the ending overlap. The first digit, 3, is the class. Class 3 is hydrolases, or enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis reactions, or cleavage bonds with water. Next digit is sub-class 4, or proteases, which are enzymes who hydrolyze peptide bonds in proteins. The next number is the sub-subclass of 24, which classifies metalloendopeptidase- characterized by the existence of metal ions in the active site, in this case zinc, aiding the cleavage of peptide bonds. The last part of the EC number is the serial number, identifying specific enzymes within a sub-subclass. The 24 for Gelatinase A is a metalloproteinase that breaks down gelatin and collagen, while the 35 for Gelatinase B is for hydrolyzing peptide bonds.
Gelatinase application in species
Gelatinase enzymes can be found in a variety of animals: mammals, bacteria (including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens), fungi, birds, etc., but may have variations among species based on identification
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladislav%20Kudrna
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Ladislav Kudrna (born January 10, 1977) is a Czech former professional ice hockey goaltender.
Kudrna played in the Czech Extraliga for HC Slavia Praha, HC Dukla Jihlava and Hc Znojemští Orli. He also played in the Elite Ice Hockey League for the Nottingham Panthers, London Racers, Newcastle Vipers, Hull Stingrays and the Dundee Stars, and in the British National League for the Edinburgh Capitals and Hull Stingrays prior to the existence of the EIHL.
References
External links
1977 births
Living people
HC Berounští Medvědi players
Czech ice hockey goaltenders
Drakkars de Caen players
HC Dukla Jihlava players
Dundee Stars players
Edinburgh Capitals players
BK Havlíčkův Brod players
Stadion Hradec Králové players
Hull Stingrays players
HC Kometa Brno players
London Racers players
Newcastle Vipers players
Nottingham Panthers players
Orli Znojmo players
HC Slavia Praha players
HC Slovan Ústečtí Lvi players
Swindon Wildcats players
Expatriate ice hockey players in England
Czech expatriate ice hockey players in Russia
Expatriate ice hockey players in Scotland
Expatriate ice hockey players in France
Czech expatriate sportspeople in England
Czech expatriate sportspeople in Scotland
Czech expatriate sportspeople in France
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Classification%20of%20Primary%20Care
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The International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC) is a classification method for primary care encounters. The ICPC-3 strives to be a person centered classification for Primary Care, building on the foundations of the ICPC-2. It includes references to existing international standards such as ICD-10, ICD-11, ICF as well as SNOMED CT clinical terminology. It provides a framework for documenting and organizing clinical data from primary care patient contacts.
The ICPC-3 includes codes for the four key elements of healthcare encounters:
the reason for the encounter (RFE);
the diagnosis and/or health problem;
functioning (i.e. information about activities/participation, physiological functions and about personal and environmental factors related to the health problem);
processes of care.
History
The ICPC was developed by the WONCA International Classification Committee (WICC), and was first published in 1987 by Oxford University Press (OUP). A revision and inclusion of criteria and definitions was published in 1998. The second revision was accepted within the World Health Organization's (WHO) Family of International Classifications. The third revision, ICPC-3, has been adopted by WONCA in December 2020 and endorsed on April 16, 2021 during the WONCA Executive meeting.
The classification was developed in a context of increasing demand for quality information on primary care as part of growing worldwide attention to global primary health care objectives, including the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICPC-2%20PLUS
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ICPC-2 PLUS is an extended terminology classified to ICPC-2 International Classification of Primary Care, which aids data entry, retrieval and analysis. ICPC-2 PLUS takes into account the frequency distribution of problems seen in primary health care. It allows for the classification of the patient's reason for encounter (RFE), the problems/diagnosis managed, primary care interventions, and the ordering of the data of the primary care session in an episode of care structure.
ICPC-2 PLUS provides a list of possible terms matching a keyword (or start of a keyword) entered by the user. The user then selects the most appropriate term. Each term is already classified to ICPC-2 rubrics and a system of additional groupers that may include terms from multiple ICPC-2 rubrics.
Each term has one or more keywords linked to it which may include abbreviations, synonyms, generics or specifics. The keyword searching is thus much broader, faster and better controlled than text mining of free text and labels. Instead of guessing what the physician meant by a term (in free text) prior to classification, the physician is actually prompted with a small list of terms to select from which are already classified.
The product also includes a "natural language" label for each term which can be used for reports and letters.
Note: The PLUS extension mentioned here is not part of the ICPC-2 standard. The World Organization of Family Doctors (WONCA) and the WONCA International Classification Committee
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy%20consumption
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Energy consumption is the amount of energy used.
Biology
In the body, energy consumption is part of energy homeostasis. It derived from food energy. Energy consumption in the body is a product of the basal metabolic rate and the physical activity level. The physical activity level are defined for a non-pregnant, non-lactating adult as that person's total energy expenditure (TEE) in a 24-hour period, divided by his or her basal metabolic rate (BMR):
Demographics
Topics related to energy consumption in a demographic sense are:
World energy supply and consumption
Domestic energy consumption
Electric energy consumption
Effects of energy consumption
Environmental impact of the energy industry
Climate change
White's law
Reduction of energy consumption
Energy conservation, the practice of decreasing the quantity of energy used
Efficient energy use
See also
Energy efficiency
Energy efficiency in transport
Electricity generation
Energy mix
Energy policy
Energy transformation
References
External links
World energy consumption per capita per country
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perpendicular%20%28disambiguation%29
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Perpendicular is the relationship between two lines which meet at a right angle.
Perpendicular may also refer to:
Perpendicular axis theorem
Perpendicular Gothic architecture style of mediaeval Gothic architecture in the Kingdom of England
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
Perpendicular plate of palatine bone
Perpendicular Point, New Zealand
Perpendicular recording, disc drive technology
See also
Point Perpendicular, New South Wales, Australia
Purpendicular, music album by Deep Purple
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycoconjugate
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Glycoconjugates are the classification family for carbohydrates – referred to as glycans – which are covalently linked with chemical species such as proteins, peptides, lipids, and other compounds. Glycoconjugates are formed in processes termed glycosylation.
Glycoconjugates are very important compounds in biology and consist of many different categories such as glycoproteins, glycopeptides, peptidoglycans, glycolipids, glycosides, and lipopolysaccharides. They are involved in cell–cell interactions, including cell–cell recognition; in cell–matrix interactions; in detoxification processes.
Generally, the carbohydrate part(s) play an integral role in the function of a glycoconjugate; prominent examples of this are neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and blood proteins where fine details in the carbohydrate structure determine cell binding (or not) or lifetime in circulation.
Although the important molecular species DNA, RNA, ATP, cAMP, cGMP, NADH, NADPH, and coenzyme A all contain a carbohydrate part, generally they are not considered as glycoconjugates.
Glycocojugates is covalent linking of carbohydrates antigens to protein scaffolds with goal of achieving a long term immunological response in body. Immunization with glycoconjugates successfully induced long term immune memory against carbohydrates antigens. Glycoconjugate vaccines was introduced since the 1990s have yielded effective results against influenza and meningococcus.
In 2021 glycoRNAs were observed for the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hittite%20inscriptions
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The corpus of texts written in the Hittite language is indexed by the Catalogue des Textes Hittites (CTH, since 1971). The catalogue is only a classification of texts; it does not give the texts. One traditionally cites texts by their numbers in CTH. Major sources for studies of selected texts themselves are the books of the StBoT series and the online Textzeugnisse der Hethiter.
CTH numbering scheme
The texts are classified as follows:
Historical Texts (CTH 1–220)
Administrative Texts (CTH 221–290)
Legal Texts (CTH 291–298)
Lexical Texts (CTH 299–309)
Literary Texts (CTH 310–320)
Mythological Texts (CTH 321–370)
Hymns and Prayers (CTH 371–389)
Ritual Texts (CTH 390–500)
Cult Inventory Texts (CTH 501–530)
Omen and Oracle Texts (CTH 531–582)
Vows (CTH 583–590)
Festival Texts (CTH 591–724)
Texts in Other Languages (CTH 725–830)
Texts of Unknown Type (CTH 831–833)
Selected texts
Some Wikipedia articles dedicated to specific Hittite texts follow. More are to be found as sections of other articles.
Old Kingdom
Anitta text
Hittite military oath
Hittite laws (CTH 291–292), also called the Code of the Nesilim
Myth of Illuyanka
New Kingdom
Kikkuli's horse training instructions
Indictment of Madduwatta
Manapa-Tarhunta letter
Milawata letter
Song of Kumarbi
Story of Appu
Tawagalawa letter
Zita (Hittite prince)
See also
Amarna letters
Ugaritic texts
Notes
References
Gary M. Beckman, Harry A. Hoffner, Hittite diplomatic texts, volume 7 of Writings from the ancient world, Scholar
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfite%20oxidase
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Sulfite oxidase () is an enzyme in the mitochondria of all eukaryotes, with exception of the yeasts. It oxidizes sulfite to sulfate and, via cytochrome c, transfers the electrons produced to the electron transport chain, allowing generation of ATP in oxidative phosphorylation. This is the last step in the metabolism of sulfur-containing compounds and the sulfate is excreted.
Sulfite oxidase is a metallo-enzyme that utilizes a molybdopterin cofactor and a heme group (in a case of animals). It is one of the cytochromes b5 and belongs to the enzyme super-family of molybdenum oxotransferases that also includes DMSO reductase, xanthine oxidase, and nitrite reductase.
In mammals, the expression levels of sulfite oxidase is high in the liver, kidney, and heart, and very low in spleen, brain, skeletal muscle, and blood.
Structure
As a homodimer, sulfite oxidase contains two identical subunits with an N-terminal domain and a C-terminal domain. These two domains are connected by ten amino acids forming a loop. The N-terminal domain has a heme cofactor with three adjacent antiparallel beta sheets and five alpha helices. The C-terminal domain hosts a molybdopterin cofactor that is surrounded by thirteen beta sheets and three alpha helices. The molybdopterin cofactor has a Mo(VI) center, which is bonded to a sulfur from cysteine, an ene-dithiolate from pyranopterin, and two terminal oxygens. It is at this molybdenum center that the catalytic oxidation of sulfite takes place.
The
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow%20fluorescent%20protein
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Yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) is a genetic mutant of green fluorescent protein (GFP) originally derived from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria. Its excitation peak is 513 nm and its emission peak is 527 nm. Like the parent GFP, YFP is a useful tool in cell and molecular biology because the excitation and emission peaks of YFP are distinguishable from GFP which allows for the study of multiple processes/proteins within the same experiment.
Three improved versions of YFP are Citrine, Venus, and Ypet. They have reduced chloride sensitivity, faster maturation, and increased brightness (defined as the product of the extinction coefficient and quantum yield). Typically, YFP serves as the acceptor for genetically-encoded FRET sensors of which the most likely donor FP is monomeric cyan fluorescent protein (mCFP). The red-shift relative to GFP is caused by a Pi-Pi stacking interaction as a result of the T203Y substitution introduced by mutation, which essentially increases the polarizability of the local chromophore environment as well as providing additional electron density into the chromophore.
"Venus" contains a novel amino acid substitution –F46L– which accelerates the oxidation of the chromophore at 37°C, the rate limiting step of maturation. The protein has other substitutions (F64L/ M153T/ V163A/ S175G), permitting Venus to fold well and giving it relative tolerance to acidosis and Cl−.
Evolution of YFP from GFP
Four protein mutations from the wild-type GFP found in Ae
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lily%20seed%20germination%20types
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Lilies seed germination is classified as either epigeal or hypogeal. These classifications may be further refined as immediate or delayed. Whether a lily is epigeal or hypogeal may be related to survival strategies developed according to the climate where the lily originated. Epigeal lilies evolved in moderate climates. Hypogeal lilies evolved in harsher habitats where it would be advantageous to store food in a bulb, and later send up leaves in the spring.
Epigeal Lilies
Asiatic lilies include species of Lilium lancifolium (syn.tigrinum), L. cernuum, L. davidii, L. maximowiczii, L. macultum, L. hollandicum, L. amabile, L. pumilum, L. concolor, and L. bulbiferum. Epigeal trumpet lily species are L. leucanthum, L. regale, L. sargentiae, L. sulphureum, L. rosthornii and L. henryi. Many interdivisional hybrids also fall into the epigeal category.
Epigeal lilies germinate under moist, warm conditions (approximately 70°F) in one stage, taking about 14 days. One stage means that they send up a leaf right away.
Hypogeal Lilies
Oriental lily species, such as L. auratum, L. speciosum, L. nobilissimum, L. rubellum, L. alexandrae, and L. japonicum and Martagon species L. martagon, L. hansonii, L. medeoloides, and L. tsingtauense, are all hypogeal.
Hypogeal lilies require two or more stages with variations of temperature particular to each stage. For hypogeal lilies, the first stage of germination takes place entirely underground, where the bulb is created. Hypogeals require
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omega%20oxidation
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Omega oxidation (ω-oxidation) is a process of fatty acid metabolism in some species of animals. It is an alternative pathway to beta oxidation that, instead of involving the β carbon, involves the oxidation of the ω carbon (the carbon most distant from the carboxyl group of the fatty acid). The process is normally a minor catabolic pathway for medium-chain fatty acids (10-12 carbon atoms), but becomes more important when β oxidation is defective.
In vertebrates, the enzymes for ω oxidation are located in the smooth ER of liver and kidney cells, instead of in the mitochondria as with β oxidation. The steps of the process are as follows:
After these three steps, either end of the fatty acid can be attached to coenzyme A. The molecule can then enter the mitochondrion and undergo β oxidation. The final products after successive oxidations include succinic acid, which can enter the citric acid cycle, and adipic acid.
The first step in ω-oxidation, i.e. addition of a hydroxy residue to the omega carbon of short, intermediate, and long chain unsaturated or saturated fatty acids, can serve to produce or inactivate signaling molecules. In humans, a subset of Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) microsome-bound ω-hydroxylases (termed Cytochrome P450 omega hydroxylases) metabolize arachidonic acid (also known as eicosatetraenoic acid) to 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE). 20-HETE possesses a range of activities in animal and cellular model systems, e.g. it constricts blood vessels, alte
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rand%20index
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The Rand index or Rand measure (named after William M. Rand) in statistics, and in particular in data clustering, is a measure of the similarity between two data clusterings. A form of the Rand index may be defined that is adjusted for the chance grouping of elements, this is the adjusted Rand index. The Rand index is the accuracy of determining if a link belongs within a cluster or not.
Rand index
Definition
Given a set of elements and two partitions of to compare, , a partition of S into r subsets, and , a partition of S into s subsets, define the following:
, the number of pairs of elements in that are in the same subset in and in the same subset in
, the number of pairs of elements in that are in different subsets in and in different subsets in
, the number of pairs of elements in that are in the same subset in and in different subsets in
, the number of pairs of elements in that are in different subsets in and in the same subset in
The Rand index, , is:
Intuitively, can be considered as the number of agreements between and and as the number of disagreements between and .
Since the denominator is the total number of pairs, the Rand index represents the frequency of occurrence
of agreements over the total pairs, or the probability that and
will agree on a randomly chosen pair.
is calculated as .
Similarly, one can also view the Rand index as a measure of the percentage of correct decisions made by the algorithm. It can be computed using t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxicity%20class
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Toxicity class refers to a classification system for pesticides that has been created by a national or international government-related or -sponsored organization. It addresses the acute toxicity of agents such as soil fumigants, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, miticides, molluscicides, nematicides, or rodenticides.
General considerations
Assignment to a toxicity class is based typically on results of acute toxicity studies such as the determination of values in animal experiments, notably rodents, via oral, inhaled, or external application. The experimental design measures the acute death rate of an agent. The toxicity class generally does not address issues of other potential harm of the agent, such as bioaccumulation, issues of carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, mutagenic effects, or the impact on reproduction.
Regulating agencies may require that packaging of the agent be labeled with a signal word, a specific warning label to indicate the level of toxicity.
By jurisdiction
World Health Organization
The World Health Organization (WHO) names four toxicity classes:
Class I – a: extremely hazardous
Class I – b: highly hazardous
Class II: moderately hazardous
Class III: slightly hazardous
The system is based on LD50 determination in rats, thus an oral solid agent with an LD50 at 5 mg or less/kg bodyweight is Class Ia, at 5–50 mg/kg is Class Ib, LD50 at 50–2000 mg/kg is Class II, and at LD50 at the concentration more than 2000 mg/kg is classified as Class III
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrolyzed%20jojoba%20ester
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Hydrolyzed jojoba esters are the hydrolysate of jojoba esters derived by acid, enzyme or other method of hydrolysis. Hydrolyzed jojoba esters are commonly used in cosmetic formulations.
Chemical structure
Hydrolyzed jojoba esters are a mixture of the free fatty acids, free fatty alcohols and wax esters resulting from the saponification reaction (cleaving the ester bond) of jojoba oil. These free fatty acids and free fatty alcohols are unbranched aliphatic monounsaturates with a chain length of C16 to C26.
Physical properties
Hydrolyzed jojoba esters are a highly viscous, tacky gel at room temperature. They are a pale straw color and have no clearly defined melting point. They are soluble in most alcohols, glycols and water in certain pH ranges. The pH is typically above 10. When applied to skin, they form a water-resistant barrier which gives desirable substantivity to some cosmetic formulations.
Uses
The topical substantivity and water-resistance of hydrolyzed jojoba esters make them well suited to hold other substances on the surface of the skin or hair. Examples are: sunscreens and UV filters, pigments (for decorative cosmetics), insect repellents, quaternium hair conditioning agents, fragrance, and botanical extracts. Hydrolyzed jojoba esters can extend the moisturizing properties of traditional emulsions, and work as a refatting agent in astringents and toners. The high pH of Hydrolyzed jojoba esters make them suitable as a gel neutralizer to thicken carb
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three%20Good%20Reasons
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Three Good Reasons is an album by the American musician Crystal Gayle, released in 1992. Many of its songs are about the ending of a relationship. The title track was released as the album's first single. Gayle supported the album with a North American tour.
Critical reception
The Ottawa Citizen wrote that Gayle's voice "retains its other-worldly quality, that cool distance that lets her pass through any song without getting the least bit involved in it." The Richmond Times-Dispatch called the album "a smart departure from the syrupy, pops-flavored crossover hits she had in the mid-'70s." The Miami Herald noted that "a bluesy rhythm track accents 'The Trouble With Me (Is You)' while Gayle delivers a sly, '40s style performance."
Track listing
Personnel
Crystal Gayle – lead vocals, backing vocals
Joel Bouchillon – acoustic piano
Ronnie Godfrey – acoustic piano
Bobby All – acoustic guitar
Chris Leuzinger – electric guitar
Brian Smith – electric guitar
Billy Joe Walker Jr. – acoustic guitar, electric guitar
Sonny Garrish – steel guitar
Ron De La Vega – bass
Steve Turner – drums
Rob Hajacos – fiddle
Charles Cochran – string arrangements
Bob Mason – cello
Gary Vanosdale – viola
Kristin Wilkinson – viola
Conni Ellisor – violin
Carl Gorodetzky – violin
Lee Larrison – violin
Ted Madsen – violin
Pamela Sixfin – violin
Jim Ferguson – backing vocals
Wendell Mobley – backing vocals
Cindy Richardson-Walker – backing vocals
Harry Stinson – backing vocals
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Guelph%20Arboretum
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The University of Guelph Arboretum was formally established in 1970 by the University of Guelph. The Arboretum aims to conserve biodiversity and connect people with nature through teaching, research, and community outreach. The 165 hectare space serves as an “outdoor learning resource,” a “living laboratory” and a “community resource”. The Arboretum is open all year round to the public from dawn to dusk, and admission is free. It is used for a wide array of purposes such as teaching, research, conservation, recreation, school programs, adult workshops, and walking tours. It is also a popular place for weddings and ceremonies. There are more than 40 collections of woody plants for academic and display purposes, as well as various display gardens, memorial plantings, and facilities.
The University of Guelph Arboretum is a member of the American Public Gardens Association and the Society for Ecological Restoration. These memberships and programs allow the Arboretum to work cooperatively towards a variety of biodiversity and conservation goals. Additionally, the Arboretum is one of the 38 Arbnet Level 4 accredited arboretums around the world. The Arboretum and University of Guelph sit on Dish with One Spoon territory, treaty lands of the Mississaugas of the Credit, and the Between the Lakes Treaty 3 lands. Continuing to care for the rich natural heritage of this land in a sustainable manner is part of the Arboretum's vision. It is visited by approximately 100,000 people annuall
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacrimal%20canaliculi
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The lacrimal canaliculi, (sing. canaliculus), are the small channels in each eyelid that drain lacrimal fluid, from the lacrimal puncta to the lacrimal sac. This forms part of the lacrimal apparatus that drains lacrimal fluid from the surface of the eye to the nasal cavity.
Structure
There is a single lacrimal canaliculus in each eyelid, a superior lacrimal canaliculus in the upper eyelid and an inferior lacrimal canaliculus in the lower eyelid. The canaliculi travel vertically and then turn medially to travel towards the lacrimal sac. At the bend, the canaliculus is dilated and called the ampulla. Usually, the superior and inferior lacrimal canaliculi join to form a common passage that enters the lateral wall of the lacrimal sac.
Superior lacrimal canaliculus
The superior lacrimal canaliculus is located in the upper eyelid. It first ascends, then bends medially towards the lacrimal sac. It drains lacrimal fluid from the superior lacrimal punctum. It is smaller and shorter than the inferior lacrimal canaliculus.
Inferior lacrimal canaliculus
The inferior lacrimal canaliculus is located in the lower eyelid. It first descends, then bends medially towards the lacrimal sac. It drains lacrimal fluid from the inferior lacrimal punctum.
Histology
The lacrimal canaliculi have a mucosa composed of a non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium on a basement membrane and a highly elastic lamina propria. Surrounding the mucosa are skeletal muscle fibres continuous with the orb
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star%20Surgeon
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Star Surgeon is a 1963 science fiction book by Northern Irish author James White, part of his Sector General series.
Synopsis
Dr Conway must deal with an unconscious patient, classification ELPH, who may be a cannibal or a demigod, or both. It came from the "other galaxy", and the species is well known, almost infamous, to the Ians, who are also from another galaxy. It is extremely long-lived, and regularly takes complete rejuvenation treatments, including the brain and memory, to keep itself young. By doing this, it is practically immortal. It, although unconscious, appeared to have the ability to negate the most powerful drugs and resist surgery to cure its skin condition. This later turned out to be the work of the entity's "doctor", who is an intelligent, organised collection of microscopic, virus-type cells. Once Doctor Conway realises this, he uses a wooden stake to make the ELPH's doctor focus itself in one small location, at which time it is removed from the ELPH, informed regarding the physiology-problems of its patient, and put back in. The patient, whose name is Lonvellin, quickly makes a full recovery, and it leaves to do what it does best: bona fide missions that involve taking backwards planetary cultures and pulling them up "by their bootstraps". His particular mission, this time, is to cure a diseased planet called Etla, and he recruits Dr Conway and the "Monitor Corps" to help him. When the empire that controls the planet of Etla misinterprets Lonvel
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinjection
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Microinjection is the use of a glass micropipette to inject a liquid substance at a microscopic or borderline macroscopic level. The target is often a living cell but may also include intercellular space. Microinjection is a simple mechanical process usually involving an inverted microscope with a magnification power of around 200x (though sometimes it is performed using a dissecting stereo microscope at 40–50x or a traditional compound upright microscope at similar power to an inverted model).
For processes such as cellular or pronuclear injection the target cell is positioned under the microscope and two micromanipulators—one holding the pipette and one holding a microcapillary needle usually between 0.5 and 5 µm in diameter (larger if injecting stem cells into an embryo)—are used to penetrate the cell membrane and/or the nuclear envelope. In this way the process can be used to introduce a vector into a single cell. Microinjection can also be used in the cloning of organisms, in the study of cell biology and viruses, and for treating male subfertility through intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI, ).
History
The use of microinjection as a biological procedure began in the early twentieth century, although even through the 1970s it was not commonly used. By the 1990s, its use had escalated significantly and it is now considered a common laboratory technique, along with vesicle fusion, electroporation, chemical transfection, and viral transduction, for introducing a sma
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butter%20sculpture
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Butter sculptures are three-dimensional works of art created with butter, a dairy product made from the fat and protein components of churned cream. The works often depict animals, people, buildings and other objects. They are best known as attractions at state fairs in the United States as lifesize cows and people, but can also be found on banquet tables and even small decorative butter pats. Butter carving was an ancient craft in Tibet, Babylon, Roman Britain and elsewhere. The earliest documented butter sculptures date from Europe in 1536, where they were used on banquet tables. The earliest pieces in the modern sense as public art date from ca. 1870s America, created by Caroline Shawk Brooks, a farm woman from Helena, Arkansas. The heyday of butter sculpturing was about 1890–1930, but butter sculptures are still a popular attraction at agricultural fairs, banquet tables and as decorative butter patties.
History
The history of carving food into sculptured objects is ancient. Archaeologists have found bread and pudding molds of animal and human shapes at sites from Babylon to Roman Britain.
In Europe, during the Renaissance and Baroque periods molding food was commonly done for wealthy banquets. It was during this period that the earliest known reference to a butter sculpture is found. In 1536 Bartolomeo Scappi, cook to Pope Pius V, organized a feast composed of nine scenes elaborately carved out of food, each carried in episodically as centerpieces for a banquet. Scappi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bursectomy
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A bursectomy is the removal of a bursa, which is a small sac filled with synovial fluid that cushions adjacent bone structures and reduces friction in joint movement. This procedure is usually carried out to relieve chronic inflammation (bursitis) or infection, when conservative management has failed to improve patient outcomes.
See also
List of surgeries by type
References
Further reading
Orthopedic surgical procedures
Synovial bursae
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulv%C3%B6spinel
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Ulvöspinel or ulvite is an iron titanium oxide mineral with formula: Fe2TiO4 or TiFe2+2O4. It forms brown to black metallic isometric crystals with a Mohs hardness of 5.5 to 6. It belongs to the spinel group of minerals, as does magnetite, Fe3O4.
Ulvöspinel forms as solid solutions with magnetite at high temperatures and reducing conditions, and grains crystallized from some basalt-gabbro magmas are rich in the ulvöspinel component. The ulvöspinel component tends to oxidize to magnetite plus ilmenite during subsolidus cooling of the host rocks, and the ilmenite so produced may form apparent exsolution (trellis type) laminae in magnetite. The texture was once interpreted as indicating solid solution between ilmenite and magnetite, until the oxidation reaction and resultant textures were reproduced in laboratory experiments first described by Buddington and Lindsley (1964, Journal of Petrology 5, p. 310-357). The results are important to plate tectonics because magnetite is an important recorder of rock magnetism.
Ulvöspinel was first described by Fredrik Mogensen (1904-1978) from a dolerite layered intrusion in the Ulvö Islands, Ångermanland, Sweden in 1943. The locality is an iron, titanium and vanadium mining area that has been active since the 17th century. It is common in titaniferous magnetite iron ore deposits. It also occurs in kimberlites, in some reduced iron-bearing basalts and is common in lunar basalts.
References
Spinel group
Cubic minerals
Minerals in sp
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevoid%20basal-cell%20carcinoma%20syndrome
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Nevoid basal-cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) is an inherited medical condition involving defects within multiple body systems such as the skin, nervous system, eyes, endocrine system, and bones. People with this syndrome are particularly prone to developing a common and usually non-life-threatening form of non-melanoma skin cancer. About 10% of people with the condition do not develop basal-cell carcinomas (BCCs).
The name Gorlin syndrome refers to the American oral pathologist and human geneticist Robert J. Gorlin (1923–2006). The American dermatologist Robert W. Goltz (1923–2014) was his co-author, which is the basis for the term 'Gorlin-Goltz syndrome'.
First described in 1960 by Gorlin and Goltz, NBCCS is an autosomal dominant condition that can cause unusual facial appearances and a predisposition for basal-cell carcinoma, a type of skin cancer which rarely spreads to other parts of the body. The prevalence is reported to be 1 case per 56,000–164,000 population. Recent work in molecular genetics has shown NBCCS to be caused by mutations in the PTCH (Patched) gene found on chromosome arm 9q. Children who inherit the defective gene from either parent will also have the disorder.
Signs and symptoms
Some or all of the following may be seen in someone with Gorlin syndrome:
Multiple basal-cell carcinomas of the skin
Odontogenic keratocyst: Seen in 75% of patients and is the most common finding. There are usually multiple lesions found in the mandible. They occur at a you
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Student%20Demonstration%20Time
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"Student Demonstration Time" is a song by the American rock band the Beach Boys from their 1971 album Surf's Up. It is an altered version of Jerry Lieber and Mike Stoller's "Riot in Cell Block Number 9" with new lyrics by Mike Love.
Background and lyrics
The song which "Student Demonstration Time" is based on—"Riot in Cell Block Number 9"—was originally written by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller in 1954, and was considered for inclusion on the Beach Boys' 1965 album Party!, but was ultimately not included. The song was subsequently performed live by the Beach Boys in concert starting in 1969. In mid-1970, Mike Love re-wrote the lyrics after learning of the Kent State Shootings where four unarmed college students protesting the Cambodian Campaign were killed by the Ohio National Guard on Monday, May 4, 1970. Stephen Desper, engineer of the Beach Boys during this period, explained the genesis and context behind the song:
Other events referred to in the song include (in order of appearance):
Autumn 1964 – Berkeley Free Speech Movement
May 1969 – People's Park, also in Berkeley, California
June 1970 – rioting in Isla Vista, California
May 14–15, 1970 – Jackson State killings
May 4, 1970 – Kent State shootings
Release
"Student Demonstration Time" (backed with "Don't Go Near the Water") was released as a single in the Netherlands—where it peaked at #21—and Italy, as well as Australia, where it charted during 1972. However, for the British and German releases of the single, th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Records%20and%20statistics%20of%20the%20Rugby%20World%20Cup
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Rugby World Cup records have been accumulating since the first Rugby World Cup tournament was held in 1987.
Team records
Titles
Title win rate
Most finals
Most semi-finals
Most quarter-finals
Most appearances
10 teams appeared in every World Cup:
/Western Samoa also qualified for every World Cup but was not invited to the 1987 Rugby World Cup.
was banned from competing in 1987 and 1991 due to the sporting boycott of South Africa but appeared in every World Cup since the ban was lifted. South Africa is the only nation to win all World Cup finals they played.
Points
<small>Last updated: 28 October 2023</small>
Margins
Tries
Player records
Points
Key: App = Appearances. Con = conversions. Pen = penalties. Drop = drop goals.
Tries Youngest try scorer in a World Cup gameGeorge North (), aged (2 tries v , 26 September 2011)Oldest try scorer in a World Cup gameDiego Ormaechea (), aged (v , 2 October 1999)
Conversions
Penalty goals
Drop goals
Appearance statistics Oldest player to appear in a World Cup matchDiego Ormaechea, , aged (v , 15 October 1999)For the specific match where Ormaeches established the current record, see the list of his Test matches at ESPN Scrum.Oldest player to appear in a World Cup finalDuane Vermeulen, , aged (v , 28 October 2023)Oldest player to win a World Cup finalSchalk Brits, , aged (v , 2 November 2019)Youngest player to appear in a World Cup matchVasil Lobzhanidze, , aged (v , 19 September 2015)Youngest play
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA%20shuffling
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DNA shuffling, also known as molecular breeding, is an in vitro random recombination method to generate mutant genes for directed evolution and to enable a rapid increase in DNA library size. Three procedures for accomplishing DNA shuffling are molecular breeding which relies on homologous recombination or the similarity of the DNA sequences, restriction enzymes which rely on common restriction sites, and nonhomologous random recombination which requires the use of hairpins. In all of these techniques, the parent genes are fragmented and then recombined.
DNA shuffling utilizes random recombination as opposed to site-directed mutagenesis in order to generate proteins with unique attributes or combinations of desirable characteristics encoded in the parent genes such as thermostability and high activity. The potential for DNA shuffling to produce novel proteins is exemplified by the figure shown on the right which demonstrates the difference between point mutations, insertions and deletions, and DNA shuffling. Specifically, this figure shows the use of DNA shuffling on two parent genes which enables the generation of recombinant proteins that have a random combination of sequences from each parent gene. This is distinct from point mutations in which one nucleotide has been changed, inserted, or deleted and insertions or deletions where a sequence of nucleotides has been added or removed, respectively. As a result of the random recombination, DNA shuffling is able to produce p
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product%20structure%20modeling
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Product structure is a hierarchical decomposition of a product, typically known as the bill of materials (BOM).
As business becomes more responsive to unique consumer tastes and derivative products grow to meet the unique configurations, BOM management can become unmanageable. For manufacturers, a bill of materials (BOM) is a critical product information record that lists the raw materials, assemblies, components, parts and the quantities of each needed to manufacture a product.
Advanced modeling techniques are necessary to cope with configurable products where changing a small part of a product can have multiple impacts on other product structure models. Concepts within this entry are in capital letters in order to indicate these concepts.
Several concepts are related to the subject of product structure modeling. All these concepts are discussed in this section. These concepts are divided into two main aspects. First the product breakdown is discussed which involves all the physical aspects of a product. Second, different views at the product structure are indicated.
Product breakdown
Figure 1 illustrates the concepts that are important to the structure of a product. This is a meta-data model, which can be used for modeling the instances in a specific case of product structuring.
The core of the product structure is illustrated by the product components (items) and their relationships. Thus, this involves the linking between items related to the product.
The assembly can
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A4ngesberg
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Grängesberg () is a locality situated in Ludvika Municipality, Dalarna County, Sweden, with 3,481 inhabitants in 2010.
The town was dominated by iron-ore extraction at Grängesberg ore field (Grängesbergs malmfält) from the 16th century to 1989. In January 1990 was the last ore-train from Grängesberg to Oxelösund.
Attempts to separate apatite from the ore begun in 1928 but were more clearly successful from the late 1930s to 1953. Aparite was separated by "soap flotation" ().
Grängesbergsbolaget had during a long period the world's largest iron-ore fleet and by 1899–1900 was it Sweden's most profitable company. During this time Grängesberg grew very fast, and during a 10-year period the town's population increased threefold. Today Spendrups is Grängesberg's biggest employer.
The area is known for its Railway Museum of Grängesberg.
Riksdag elections
References
Populated places in Dalarna County
Populated places in Ludvika Municipality
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbiota%20%28disambiguation%29
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Microbiota are the microflora and microfauna in an ecosystem.
Microbiota may also refer to:
Microbiota (plant), a genus of coniferous plants in the family Cupressaceae
See also
Gut microbiota
Human microbiota
Lung microbiota
Skin microbiota
Vaginal microbiota
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death%20of%20Slobodan%20Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87
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On 11 March 2006, former Yugoslav president Slobodan Milošević died in his prison cell of a heart attack at age 64 while being tried for war crimes at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in The Hague. Milošević's four-year trial had been a major international news story, and he died a few months before its verdict was due. His death occurred shortly after the Tribunal rejected his request to seek specialized medical treatment at a cardiology clinic in Moscow. A report published on 30 May 2006 confirmed that he had died of natural causes and that there was "no poison or other chemical substance found in his body that contributed to the death".
Establishment of death
Milošević was found dead in his cell on 11 March 2006 in the UN war crimes tribunal's detention centre in the Scheveningen section of The Hague. An official in the chief prosecutor's office said that Milošević had been found at about 10 a.m. and had apparently been dead for several hours. His trial had been due to resume on 14 March with testimony from the former president of Montenegro, Momir Bulatović. A request for the autopsy in the presence of a Serbian pathologist was granted, and his body was transported to the Dutch Forensic Institute.
It was established that Milošević died of a heart attack. Suspicions have been voiced:
that he was deliberately given the wrong medication, causing the heart attack (Milošević had claimed to have been given the wrong medication three days b
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APOBEC3G
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APOBEC3G (apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic subunit 3G) is a human enzyme encoded by the APOBEC3G gene that belongs to the APOBEC superfamily of proteins. This family of proteins has been suggested to play an important role in innate anti-viral immunity. APOBEC3G belongs to the family of cytidine deaminases that catalyze the deamination of cytidine to uridine in the single stranded DNA substrate. The C-terminal domain of A3G renders catalytic activity, several NMR and crystal structures explain the substrate specificity and catalytic activity.
APOBEC3G exerts innate antiretroviral immune activity against retroviruses, most notably HIV, by interfering with proper replication. However, lentiviruses such as HIV have evolved the Viral infectivity factor (Vif) protein in order to counteract this effect. Vif interacts with APOBEC3G and triggers the ubiquitination and degradation of APOBEC3G via the proteasomal pathway. On the other hand, foamy viruses produce an accessory protein Bet () that impairs the cytoplasmic solubility of APOBEC3G. The two ways of inhibition are distinct from each other, but they can replace each other in vivo.
Discovery
It was first identified by Jarmuz et al. as a member of family of proteins APOBEC3A to 3G on chromosome 22 in 2002 and later also as a cellular factor able to restrict replication of HIV-1 lacking the viral accessory protein Vif. Soon after, it was shown that APOBEC3G belonged to a family of proteins grouped together due
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clover%20%28detector%29
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A clover detector is a gamma-ray detector that consists of 4 coaxial N-type high purity germanium (Ge) crystals each machined to shape and mounted in a common cryostat to form a structure resembling a four-leaf clover.
Operation
A gamma ray may interact with a single Ge crystal and deposit its full energy. The resulting charge collected will then be proportional to this energy. However, through the process of Compton scattering, a gamma ray may interact with two (or possibly more) crystals resulting in the energy (and thus the liberated charge) being shared by the crystals. In this case, a process known as add-back, where the charge collected by each of the crystals is summed, can be used to determine the energy of the incident gamma ray.
Advantages
There are a number of advantages offered by using clover detectors as opposed to the more conventional single crystal germanium detectors. Large volume high purity single crystals of Ge can be expensive. By mounting four smaller crystals in a common cryostat a detector of a given volume can be created at a reduced cost. In addition, the individual smaller Ge crystals present a smaller solid angle than a large volume Ge detector thus significantly reducing the effects of Doppler broadening on the resulting spectra. A clover detector can also be used to determine the electric or magnetic nature of the incident photons (e.g. if the gamma ray is an electric quadrupole or a magnetic dipole) as the Compton scattering process for thes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flymo
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Flymo is a hover lawnmower invented by Karl Dahlman in 1964, after seeing Sir Christopher Cockerell's hovercraft. "Flymo" is a brand name of the Swedish company Husqvarna AB, a part of Electrolux from 1978 to 2006. The mower is a variation of the petrol-powered rotary push lawn mower, but uses a fan above the mower's spinning blades to allow the mower's body to hover over the lawn. The mower is claimed to be more manoeuverable and easier to push than wheeled petrol mowers, while delivering similar results.
Operation
The Flymo has rotary cutting blades to which is attached a fan which blows air downwards, making the mower float on a cushion of air like a hovercraft. The mower's housing, which has a skirt like a hovercraft, is made of lightweight plastic. It contains the blades, fan, and an electric motor, either battery-operated or connected to the electricity mains via a cable trailing from the handle bar. The mower operates as long as the user keeps a switch pressed.
UK manufacturing plant
In the 1970s, Flymo's production operations grew to produce all of their lawnmowers in their UK production plant at Aycliffe Business Park, Newton Aycliffe, County Durham, where they still make them today. The characteristic orange colour was introduced in 1977. Research and development was carried out in Durham until 2012, then moved to Germany and Sweden.
Additional products
1980s
The company introduced a new kind of non-hovering electric type lawnmower, the Chevron. This electr
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEG-16%20macadamia%20glycerides
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PEG-16 macadamia glycerides is the polyethylene glycol derivative of the mono- and diglycerides derived from macadamia nut oil by ethoxylation with an average of ethylene glycol units. PEG-16 macadamia glycerides are commonly used in cosmetic formulations as an emollient, refatter, conditioner, solubilizer, and secondary emulsifier.
References
Cosmetics chemicals
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolipoprotein%20C-II
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Apolipoprotein C-II (Apo-CII, or Apoc-II), or apolipoprotein C2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the gene.
The protein encoded by this gene is secreted in plasma, where it is a component of very low density lipoproteins and chylomicrons. This protein activates the enzyme lipoprotein lipase in capillaries, which hydrolyzes triglycerides and thus provides free fatty acids for cells. Mutations in this gene cause hyperlipoproteinemia type IB, characterized by xanthomas, pancreatitis, and hepatosplenomegaly, but no increased risk for atherosclerosis. Lab tests will show elevated blood levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, and chylomicrons
Interactive pathway map
See also
Apolipoprotein C
References
External links
Apolipoproteins
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericline
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Pericline also refers to a doubly plunging anticline or syncline.
Pericline is a form of albite exhibiting elongate prismatic crystals.
Pericline twinning is a type of crystal twinning which show fine parallel twin laminae typically found in the alkali feldspars microcline. The twinning results from a structural transformation between high temperature and low temperature forms.
References
Crystallography
Tectosilicates
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olm%20%28disambiguation%29
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The olm (Proteus anguinus) is a species of amphibian.
Olm may also refer to:
Ocular larva migrans, an eye disease
Oil life monitor
Olm (and Megolm) is a cryptographic algorithm used by Matrix (protocol)
Olm, Luxembourg
OLM, Inc., formerly Oriental Light and Magic, a Japanese animation studio
Hans Werner Olm, German comedy artist
The Olms, a musical group made up of Pete Yorn and J.D. King
Olympia Regional Airport (IATA code)
Ordre Libanais Maronite, the Lebanese Maronite Order, religious order
Ordo Lectionum Missae, a Roman Catholic liturgical lectionary
Congregation of the Sisters of Our Lady of Mercy
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jojoba%20wax%20esters
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Jojoba wax esters are polyethylene glycol derivatives of the acids and alcohols obtained from the saponification of jojoba oil. With an average ethoxylation value of 80, it is known as jojoba wax PEG-80 esters or PEG-80 jojoba. With an average ethoxylation value of 120, it is known as jojoba wax PEG-120 esters or PEG-120 jojoba. Jojoba wax esters are used in cosmetic formulations as emollients.
References
Cosmetics chemicals
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorna%20Want
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Lorna Want (born 28 June 1987) is an Olivier Award-winning British theatre actress. She most recently played Princess Anne in the workshop reading of Roman Holiday, a new musical based on the 1953 film starring Audrey Hepburn and Gregory Peck.
Career
Want made her West End debut at the age of 15, playing Juliet in a new musical version of Romeo and Juliet, at the Piccadilly Theatre. Her other West End work includes: Ariel Moore in Footloose (Novello Theatre Original Cast), Mistress in Andrew Lloyd Webber's new revival of Evita (Adelphi), Monteen in Parade (Donmar Warehouse), Luisa in the new revival of The Fantasticks (Duchess), Laura in Dreamboats and Petticoats (Playhouse 2010), and Cynthia Weil in Beautiful: The Carole King Musical (Aldwych), for which she won an Olivier Award. She played Flic in the one-woman musical Girl in a Crisis, which made its debut performance at London's Crazy Coqs, Live at Zedel. She also appeared in the I Dream comedy series, along with a popular teen group S Club 8, where she played Natalie.
Want's regional and touring work includes: Young Cosette in Les Misérables (Birmingham Hippodrome 1997), Ariel Moore in Footloose" (UK Tours 2006 and 2011), Gabriella in the original British cast of High School Musical" (UK Tour 2008), the title role in Sleeping Beauty (Bromley Churchill 2009/10), Wendy in Peter Pan (Woking New Victoria 2011 and Manchester Opera House 2012), Hope Harcourt in Anything Goes (Kilworth House Theatre 2013), Maid Marian in Robi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremal%20optimization
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Extremal optimization (EO) is an optimization heuristic inspired by the Bak–Sneppen model of self-organized criticality from the field of statistical physics. This heuristic was designed initially to address combinatorial optimization problems such as the travelling salesman problem and spin glasses, although the technique has been demonstrated to function in optimization domains.
Relation to self-organized criticality
Self-organized criticality (SOC) is a statistical physics concept to describe a class of dynamical systems that have a critical point as an attractor. Specifically, these are non-equilibrium systems that evolve through avalanches of change and dissipations that reach up to the highest scales of the system. SOC is said to govern the dynamics behind some natural systems that have these burst-like phenomena including landscape formation, earthquakes, evolution, and the granular dynamics of rice and sand piles. Of special interest here is the Bak–Sneppen model of SOC, which is able to describe evolution via punctuated equilibrium (extinction events) – thus modelling evolution as a self-organised critical process.
Relation to computational complexity
Another piece in the puzzle is work on computational complexity, specifically that critical points have been shown to exist in NP-complete problems, where near-optimum solutions are widely dispersed and separated by barriers in the search space causing local search algorithms to get stuck or severely hampered. It wa
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levene%27s%20test
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In statistics, Levene's test is an inferential statistic used to assess the equality of variances for a variable calculated for two or more groups. Some common statistical procedures assume that variances of the populations from which different samples are drawn are equal. Levene's test assesses this assumption. It tests the null hypothesis that the population variances are equal (called homogeneity of variance or homoscedasticity). If the resulting p-value of Levene's test is less than some significance level (typically 0.05), the obtained differences in sample variances are unlikely to have occurred based on random sampling from a population with equal variances. Thus, the null hypothesis of equal variances is rejected and it is concluded that there is a difference between the variances in the population.
Some of the procedures typically assuming homoscedasticity, for which one can use Levene's tests, include analysis of variance and t-tests.
Levene's test is sometimes used before a comparison of means, informing the decision on whether to use a pooled t-test or the Welch's t-test. However, it was shown that such a two-step procedure may markedly inflate the type 1 error obtained with the t-tests and thus should not be done in the first place. Instead, the choice of pooled or Welch's test should be made a priori based on the study design.
Levene's test may also be used as a main test for answering a stand-alone question of whether two sub-samples in a given population ha
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%C8%9Bcani
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Chițcani (; ) is a commune in Căușeni District, Moldova. It consists of the village Chițcani and two small villages (hamlets), Merenești and Zahorna. Chițcani is situated to the south-east of the city of Tighina (Bender). The locality, although situated on the right (western) bank of the river Dniester, is under the control of the breakaway Transnistrian authorities. On the opposite side of the river lies the city of Tiraspol.
Chițcani is one of the oldest recorded villages in Moldova, its history dating back to 1367. The name of the village means "shrews" in Romanian language.
The village is also well known as the home of the Noul Neamț Monastery. The monastery was closed when Moldova was under the Soviet Union. It was then used as a hospital, a storehouse, then as a makeshift museum.
According to the 2004 census, the population of the commune stands at 9,266 people, of which 4,921 ethnic Russians, 3,153 ethnic Moldovans, and 969 ethnic Ukrainians.
At the 1930 Romanian Census, there were 4,744 inhabitants in Chițcani, including the 2,456 Romanians, 2,146 Russians, 71 Ruthenians and Ukrainians, 35 Jews, 16 Gypsies, 7 Poles, 3 Bulgarians, 2 Gagauzians, and 8 unclear. 2,426 people named Romanian as native language, 2,245 named Russian, 35 named Yiddish, 27 named Ukrainian, 5 named Gypsy, 3 named Bulgarian, 2 named Turkish, and 1 non-declared.
At the time, the village was part of Plasa Căușani of Tighina County.
During the 1992 War of Transnistria, especially during the m
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%20wave
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The sensorimotor mu rhythm, also known as mu wave, comb or wicket rhythms or arciform rhythms, are synchronized patterns of electrical activity involving large numbers of neurons, probably of the pyramidal type, in the part of the brain that controls voluntary movement. These patterns as measured by electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), or electrocorticography (ECoG), repeat at a frequency of 7.5–12.5 (and primarily 9–11) Hz, and are most prominent when the body is physically at rest. Unlike the alpha wave, which occurs at a similar frequency over the resting visual cortex at the back of the scalp, the mu rhythm is found over the motor cortex, in a band approximately from ear to ear. People suppress mu rhythms when they perform motor actions or, with practice, when they visualize performing motor actions. This suppression is called desynchronization of the wave because EEG wave forms are caused by large numbers of neurons firing in synchrony. The mu rhythm is even suppressed when one observes another person performing a motor action or an abstract motion with biological characteristics. Researchers such as V. S. Ramachandran and colleagues have suggested that this is a sign that the mirror neuron system is involved in mu rhythm suppression, although others disagree.
The mu rhythm is of interest to a variety of scholars. Scientists who study neural development are interested in the details of the development of the mu rhythm in infancy and childhood and
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological%20indicator
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Ecological indicators are used to communicate information about ecosystems and the impact human activity has on ecosystems to groups such as the public or government policy makers. Ecosystems are complex and ecological indicators can help describe them in simpler terms that can be understood and used by non-scientists to make management decisions. For example, the number of different beetle taxa found in a field can be used as an indicator of biodiversity.
Many different types of indicators have been developed. They can be used to reflect a variety of aspects of ecosystems, including biological, chemical and physical. Due to this variety, the development and selection of ecological indicators is a complex process.
Using ecological indicators is a pragmatic approach since direct documentation of changes in ecosystems as related to management measures, is cost and time intensive. For example, it would be expensive and time-consuming to count every bird, plant and animal in a newly restored wetland to see if the restoration was a success. Instead, a few indicator species can be monitored to determine the success of the restoration.
"It is difficult and often even impossible to characterize the functioning of a complex system, such as an eco-agrosystem, by means of direct measurements. The size of the system, the complexity of the interactions involved, or the difficulty and cost of the measurements needed are often crippling"
The terms ecological indicator and environment
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/There%27s%20No%20Other%20%28Like%20My%20Baby%29
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"There's No Other (Like My Baby)" is a song first recorded in 1961 by American girl group the Crystals. Written by Phil Spector and Leroy Bates. Also produced by Spector, the single was the first release on his newly-founded Philles Records label. Barbara Alston sang lead vocal, as she did on the next two Crystals releases "Uptown" and "He Hit Me (It Felt Like a Kiss)". Spector neglected to pay the Crystals for their work on "There's No Other".
Their debut single, "There's No Other (Like My Baby)" debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 in November 1961 and peaked at number 20 in January 1962 during its 11-week chart run. In 1965, the song was covered by the Beach Boys on their album Beach Boys' Party! and subsequently issued as the B-side to their single "The Little Girl I Once Knew". Cash Box described the Beach Boys' version as getting a "laconic, slow-shufflin’ reading."
References
Song recordings produced by Phil Spector
Songs written by Phil Spector
1961 songs
Philles Records singles
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMP-16
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The IMP-16, by National Semiconductor, was the first multi-chip 16-bit microprocessor, released in 1973. It consisted of five PMOS integrated circuits: four identical RALU chips, short for register and ALU, providing the data path, and one CROM, Control and ROM, providing control sequencing and microcode storage. The IMP-16 is a bit-slice processor; each RALU chip provides a 4-bit slice of the register and arithmetic that work in parallel to produce a 16-bit word length.
Each RALU chip stores its own 4 bits of the program counter, several registers, the ALU, a 16-word LIFO stack, and status flags. There were four 16-bit accumulators, two of which could be used as index registers. The instruction set architecture was similar to that of the Data General Nova. The chip set could be extended with the CROM chip (IMP-16A / 522D) that implemented 16-bit multiply and divide routines. The chipset was driven by a two-phase 715 kHz non-overlapping clock that had a +5 to -12 voltage swing. An integral part of the architecture was a 16-bit input mux that provided various condition bits from the ALUs such as zero, carry, overflow along with general purpose inputs.
The microprocessor was used in the IMP-16P microcomputer and Jacquard Systems' J100 but saw little other use. The IMP-16 was later superseded by the PACE and INS8900 single-chip 16-bit microprocessors, which had a similar architecture but were not binary compatible. It was also used in the Aston Martin Lagonda, thanks to Nati
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yao%27s%20principle
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In computational complexity theory, Yao's principle (also called Yao's minimax principle or Yao's lemma) is a way to prove lower bounds on the worst-case performance of randomized algorithms, by comparing them to deterministic (non-random) algorithms. It states that, for any randomized algorithm, there exists a probability distribution on inputs to the algorithm, so that the expected cost of the randomized algorithm on its worst-case input is at least as large as the cost of the best deterministic algorithm on a random input from this distribution. Thus, to establish a lower bound on the performance of randomized algorithms, it suffices to find an appropriate distribution of difficult inputs, and to prove that no deterministic algorithm can perform well against that distribution. This principle is named after Andrew Yao, who first proposed it.
Yao's principle may be interpreted in game theoretic terms, via a two-player zero-sum game in which one player, Alice, selects a deterministic algorithm, the other player, Bob, selects an input, and the payoff is the cost of the selected algorithm on the selected input. Any randomized algorithm R may be interpreted as a randomized choice among deterministic algorithms, and thus as a mixed strategy for Alice. Similarly, a non-random algorithm may be thought of as a pure strategy for Alice. By von Neumann's minimax theorem, Bob has a randomized strategy that performs at least as well against R as it does against the best pure strategy Al
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsuneko%20Okazaki
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is a Japanese pioneer of molecular biology known for her work on DNA replication and specifically for discovering Okazaki fragments, along with her husband Reiji. Dr. Tsuneko Okazaki has continued to be involved in academia, contributing to more advancements in DNA research.
Early life and education
Tsuneko Okazaki was born in Nagoya, capital of the Aichi Prefecture of Japan, in 1933. She graduated from Aichi Prefectural Asahigaoka Senior High School. During her undergraduate years, she studied biology at Nagoya University School of Science. She graduated with her PhD from Nagoya University School of Science in 1956, which was also the year that she met her husband, Reiji Okazaki. They married that same year and soon after, they joined their research work and laboratories.
Work leading to and discovery of Okazaki fragments
Tsuneko and Reiji Okazaki's early research consisted of studying DNA synthesis and specific nucleotide characteristics in frog eggs and sea urchins. This work led to the discovery of thymidine-diphosphate rhamnose, a sugar linked nucleotide, which then opened up the doors for them to work in the U.S. They worked at Washington University and Stanford University in the labs of J. L. Strominger and Arthur Kornberg, respectively, where there was a lot more availability of resources to further their research. Years later, after much research done in both the U.S and Japan, in 1968, Tsuneko and Reiji published their breakthrough findings on Okazaki fragment
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caverphone
|
The Caverphone within linguistics and computing, is a phonetic matching algorithm invented to identify English names with their sounds, originally built to process a custom dataset compound between 1893 and 1938 in southern Dunedin, New Zealand. Started from a similar concept as metaphone, it has been developed to accommodate and process general English since then.
Etymology
The Caverphone was created by David Hood in the Caversham Project at the University of Otago in New Zealand in 2002, revised in 2004. It was created to assist in data matching between late 19th century and early 20th century electoral rolls, where the name only needed to be in a "commonly recognisable form". The algorithm was intended to apply to those names that could not easily be matched between electoral rolls, after the exact matches were removed from the pool of potential matches. The algorithm is optimised for accents present in the study area (southern part of the city of Dunedin, New Zealand).
Procedure
Caverphone 1.0
The rules of the algorithm are applied consecutively to any particular name, as a series of replacements.
The algorithm is as follows:
Convert to lowercase
Remove anything not A-Z
If the name starts with...
cough, replace it by cou2f
rough, replace it by rou2f
tough, replace it by tou2f
enough, replace it by enou2f
gn, replace it by 2n
If the name ends with
mb, replace it by m2
Replace
cq with 2q
ci with si
ce with se
cy with sy
tch with 2ch
c with k
q with
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency%20%28statistics%29
|
In statistics, the frequency or absolute frequency of an event is the number of times the observation has occurred/recorded in an experiment or study. These frequencies are often depicted graphically or in tabular form.
Types
The cumulative frequency is the total of the absolute frequencies of all events at or below a certain point in an ordered list of events.
The relative frequency (or empirical probability) of an event is the absolute frequency normalized by the total number of events:
The values of for all events can be plotted to produce a frequency distribution.
In the case when for certain , pseudocounts can be added.
Depicting frequency distributions
A frequency distribution shows a summarized grouping of data divided into mutually exclusive classes and the number of occurrences in a class. It is a way of showing unorganized data notably to show results of an election, income of people for a certain region, sales of a product within a certain period, student loan amounts of graduates, etc. Some of the graphs that can be used with frequency distributions are histograms, line charts, bar charts and pie charts. Frequency distributions are used for both qualitative and quantitative data.
Construction
Decide the number of classes. Too many classes or too few classes might not reveal the basic shape of the data set, also it will be difficult to interpret such frequency distribution. The ideal number of classes may be determined or estimated by formula: (log
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MaMF
|
MaMF, or Mammalian Motif Finder, is an algorithm for identifying motifs to which transcription factors bind.
The algorithm takes as input a set of promoter sequences, and a motif width(w), and as output, produces a ranked list of 30 predicted motifs(each motif is defined by a set of N sequences, where N is a parameter).
The algorithm firstly indexes each sub-sequence of length n, where n is a parameter around 4-6 base pairs, in each promoter, so they can be looked up efficiently. This index is then used to build a list of all pairs of sequences of length w, such that each sequence shares an n-mer, and each sequence forms an ungapped alignment with a substring of length w from the string of length 2w around the match, with a score exceeding a cut-off.
The pairs of sequences are then scored. The scoring function favours pairs which are very similar, but disfavours sequences which are very common in the target genome. The 1000 highest scoring pairs are kept, and the others are discarded. Each of these 1000 'seed' motifs are then used to search iteratively search for further sequences of length which maximise the score(a greedy algorithm), until N sequences for that motif are reached.
Very similar motifs are discarded, and the 30 highest scoring motifs are returned as output.
References
Search algorithms
Bioinformatics
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nema
|
Nema or NEMA may refer to:
People
Nema Andahadna (1939–2018), American priestess and occult writer
Places
Nema (island), Federated States of Micronesia
Néma, a town in Mauritania
Néma (department), a department in Mauritania
Nema (urban-type settlement), an urban-type settlement in Kirov Oblast, Russia
Science and technology
NEMA connector, several standardized connectors
NEMA enclosure types, for enclosing electrical service apparatus
NEMA (machine), a Swiss cryptographic rotor machine
Networked Environment for Music Analysis, a project for music information processing
Organisations
National Early Music Association, UK
National Electrical Manufacturers Association, US
National Emergency Management Agency (New Zealand)
National Emergency Management Agency (Nigeria)
National Emergency Management Agency (South Korea)
National Environment Management Authority of Kenya
National Environment Management Authority of Uganda
New England Museum Association, US
Northeastern Midget Association, an American sanctioning body of midget car racing
Diocese of the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic, a Reformed Episcopal Church diocese in the United States and Canada
Other uses
NEMA (Chicago), a residential tower in Chicago, US
Nema (community), Nimivanshi Rajput community in India
NEMA (San Francisco), an apartment complex in San Francisco, US
See also
Neman (disambiguation)
Nima (disambiguation)
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lam%20Research
|
Lam Research Corporation is an American supplier of wafer-fabrication equipment and related services to the semiconductor industry. Its products are used primarily in front-end wafer processing, which involves the steps that create the active components of semiconductor devices (transistors, capacitors) and their wiring (interconnects). The company also builds equipment for back-end wafer-level packaging (WLP) and for related manufacturing markets such as for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS).
Lam Research was founded in 1980 by David K. Lam and is headquartered in Fremont, California. As of 2018, it was the second largest manufacturer in the Bay Area, after Tesla.
History
Lam Research was founded in 1980 by David K. Lam, a Chinese-born engineer who had previously worked at Xerox, Hewlett-Packard, and Texas Instruments. It was while he was at Hewlett Packard that he saw the need for better plasma etching equipment, to keep up with the rapid miniaturization of semiconductor wafers. He credited Bob Noyce, founder of Intel, for assisting him in getting funding by ensuring his business plan made sense.
In 1981, the company introduced its first product, the AutoEtch 480, an automated polysilicon plasma etcher. The name AutoEtch was chosen to convey that the etcher was automated, while the 80 in 480 came from 1980, the year the company was founded. The first system was sold in January 1982. In 1982, Roger Emerick was appointed CEO.
In May 1984, the company issued an init
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tape-automated%20bonding
|
Tape-automated bonding (TAB) is a process that places bare semiconductor chips (dies) like integrated circuits onto a flexible circuit board (FPC) by attaching them to fine conductors in a polyamide or polyimide (like trade names Kapton or UPILEX) film carrier. This FPC with the die(s) (TAB inner lead bonding, ILB) can be mounted on the system or module board or assembled inside a package (TAB outer lead bonding, OLB). Typically the FPC includes from one to three conductive layers and all inputs and outputs of the semiconductor die are connected simultaneously during the TAB bonding. Tape automated bonding is one of the methods needed for achieving chip-on-flex (COF) assembly and it is one of the first roll-to-roll processing (also called R2R, reel-to-reel) type methods in the electronics manufacturing.
Process
The TAB mounting is done such that the bonding sites of the die, usually in the form of bumps or balls made of gold, solder or anisotropic conductive material, are connected to fine conductors on the tape, which provide the means of connecting the die to the package or directly to external circuits. The bumps or balls can locate either on the die or on the TAB tape. TAB compliant metallizations systems are:
Al pads on the die < - > gold plated Cu on tape areas (thermosonic bonding)
Al covered with Au on pads on the die < - > Au or Sn bumped tape areas (gang bonding)
Al pads with Au bumps on the die < - > Au or Sn plated tape areas (gang bonding)
Al pads wit
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflex%20receiver
|
A reflex radio receiver, occasionally called a reflectional receiver, is a radio receiver design in which the same amplifier is used to amplify the high-frequency radio signal (RF) and low-frequency audio (sound) signal (AF). It was first invented in 1914 by German scientists Wilhelm Schloemilch and Otto von Bronk, and rediscovered and extended to multiple tubes in 1917 by Marius Latour and William H. Priess. The radio signal from the antenna and tuned circuit passes through an amplifier, is demodulated in a detector which extracts the audio signal from the radio carrier, and the resulting audio signal passes again through the same amplifier for audio amplification before being applied to the earphone or loudspeaker. The reason for using the amplifier for "double duty" was to reduce the number of active devices, vacuum tubes or transistors, required in the circuit, to reduce the cost. The economical reflex circuit was used in inexpensive vacuum tube radios in the 1920s, and was revived again in simple portable tube radios in the 1930s.
How it works
The block diagram shows the general form of a simple reflex receiver. The receiver functions as a tuned radio frequency (TRF) receiver. The radio frequency (RF) signal from the tuned circuit (bandpass filter) is amplified, then passes through the high pass filter to the demodulator, which extracts the audio frequency (AF) (modulation) signal from the carrier wave. The audio signal is added back into the input of the amplif
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irene%20Purcell
|
Irene Mary Purcell (August 7, 1896 – July 9, 1972) was an American film and stage actress, who appeared mostly in comedies, and later married Herbert Fisk Johnson Jr., the wealthy grandson of the founder of S. C. Johnson & Son.
Career
She appeared opposite William Haines in Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's romantic comedy film Just a Gigolo (1931), directed by Jack Conway and adapted from the 1930 play Dancing Partner, by David Belasco. The same year, she played the lead role in Sam Wood's romantic comedy The Man in Possession, adapted from H. M. Harwood's play of the same name. She was paired opposite Reginald Owen and Robert Montgomery. Purcell starred alongside Buster Keaton and Jimmy Durante in the comedy The Passionate Plumber (1932), directed by Edward Sedgwick. Despite not so favorable reviews, the film was a commercial success. The New York Times wrote that Purcell "fits the mood of the comedy nicely". A French-language version of the latter film, , was filmed by MGM at the same time.
She was a part of a June 9, 1935 Lux Radio Theatre broadcast, based on the 1930 play Candle-Light. Her notable Broadway appearances were in Jean Furguson Black's comedy Penny Wise (1937), J. Frank Davis' The Ladder (1926), Elmer Harris' comedy The Great Necker (1928), Dillard Long's comedy A Good Woman, Poor Thing (1933), Lynn Starling's comedy The First Apple (1933), Frederic and Fanny Hatton's comedy Dancing Partner (1930), and Martin Flavin's Cross Roads (1929).
She toured New Zealand and Aus
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20Protein%20Reference%20Database
|
The Human Protein Reference Database (HPRD) is a protein database accessible through the Internet. It is closely associated with the premier Indian Non-Profit research organisation Institute of Bioinformatics (IOB), Bangalore, India. This database is a collaborative output of IOB and the Pandey Lab of Johns Hopkins University.
Overview
The HPRD is a result of an international collaborative effort between the Institute of Bioinformatics in Bangalore, India and the Pandey lab at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, USA. HPRD contains manually curated scientific information pertaining to the biology of most human proteins. Information regarding proteins involved in human diseases is annotated and linked to Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database. The National Center for Biotechnology Information provides link to HPRD through its human protein databases (e.g. Entrez Gene, RefSeq protein pertaining to genes and proteins.
This resource depicts information on human protein functions including protein–protein interactions, post-translational modifications, enzyme-substrate relationships and disease associations. Protein annotation information that is catalogued was derived through manual curation using published literature by expert biologists and through bioinformatics analyses of the protein sequence. The protein–protein interaction and subcellular localization data from HPRD have been used to develop a human protein interaction network.
Highlights of HPRD as fo
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s%20Gettin%27%20Late
|
"It's Gettin' Late" is a song written by Carl Wilson, Myrna Smith Schilling and Robert White Johnson for the American rock band the Beach Boys. It was released on their 1985 album The Beach Boys and as a single with "It's O.K."
Billboard compared it to the Beach Boys' previous single "Getcha Back" which was about "teen reminiscence" saying that "It's Getting Late" brings the group's "harmonic tapestry hauntingly into the adult world."
The music video directed by Dominic Orlando, was filmed on location in Malibu, California, two months after Getcha Back.
Personnel
Credits sourced from Craig Slowinski, John Brode, Will Crerar and Joshilyn Hoisington.
The Beach Boys
Al Jardine – backing vocals
Bruce Johnston – backing vocals
Mike Love – backing vocals
Brian Wilson – backing vocals
Carl Wilson – lead and backing vocals, Yamaha DX1, electric guitar
Session musicians
Graham Broad – hi-hat
Steve Grainger – baritone saxophone
Steve Levine – Fairlight CMI and LinnDrum programming
Julian Lindsay – Yamaha DX1, PPG Wave 2.3, Oberheim OB-8, Prophet-5, bass guitar
Kenneth McGregor – trombone
Ian Ritchie – tenor saxophone
Dave Spence – trumpet
Chart positions
References
1985 songs
The Beach Boys songs
Songs written by Carl Wilson
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotic-associated%20diarrhea
|
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) results from an imbalance in the colonic microbiota caused by antibiotics. Microbiotal alteration changes carbohydrate metabolism with decreased short-chain fatty acid absorption and an osmotic diarrhea as a result. Another consequence of antibiotic therapy leading to diarrhea is overgrowth of potentially pathogenic organisms such as Clostridium difficile. It is defined as frequent loose and watery stools with no other complications.
Cause
Clostridium difficile, also known more commonly as C. diff, accounts for 10 to 20% of antibiotic-associated diarrhea cases, because the antibiotics administered for the treatment of certain disease processes such as inflammatory colitis also inadvertently kill a large portion of the gut flora, the normal flora that is usually present within the bowel. With this lower level of "healthy" bacteria present, the overgrowth of C. diff is then responsible "for elaborating the enterotoxin".
Treatment
Meta-analyses have concluded that probiotics may protect against antibiotic-associated diarrhea in both children and adults. Evidence is insufficient, however, regarding an effect on rates of C. difficile colitis.
Efficacy of probiotic AAD prevention is dependent on the probiotic strain(s) used and on the dosage. Up to a 50% reduction of AAD occurrences has been found. No side effects have been reported. Caution is advised when using probiotics in immunocompromised individuals or those who have a compromised int
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teco%20pottery
|
The American Terracotta Tile and Ceramic Company was founded in 1881; originally as Spring Valley Tile Works; in Terra Cotta, Illinois, between Crystal Lake, Illinois and McHenry, Illinois near Chicago by William Day Gates. It became the country's first manufactury of architectural terracotta in 1889. The production consisted of drain tile, brick, chimney tops, finials, urns, and other economically fireproof building materials. Gates used the facilities to experiment with clays and glazes in an effort to design a line of art pottery which led to the introduction of Teco (pronounced TĒĒ - CŌ ) Pottery. American Terra Cotta's records are housed at the University of Minnesota and include original architectural drawings.
The smooth, micro-crystalline, matte "Teco Green" glaze of Teco art pottery was developed independently and wasn't an attempt to copy the famous Grueby green.
Wares
The pottery shapes derived from line and color rather than elaborate decoration. While most of the 500 shapes created by 1911 were the product of Gates' efforts, many of the remaining Teco designs were the work of several Chicago architects that were involved in the Prairie School style as expressed by Frank Lloyd Wright. They had rejected the revival styles of American architecture of the 19th century in favor of using wood, stone and clay in simplicity of design. Any ornamentation consisted of geometrical or natural objects which merged gracefully with the form. Teco Pottery became closely link
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrite%20reductase
|
Nitrite reductase refers to any of several classes of enzymes that catalyze the reduction of nitrite. There are two classes of NIR's. A multi haem enzyme reduces NO2− to a variety of products. Copper containing enzymes carry out a single electron transfer to produce nitric oxide.
Iron based
There are several types of iron based enzymes. Cytochrome cd1, or Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase contains two c and two d type hemes with two polypeptide chains. Different forms of this reductase catalyze the formation of nitric oxide or nitrous oxide. A version of this compound was originally called [Ferrocytochrome c-551:oxidoreductase]. It was initially considered an oxidase. It catalyzes the reduction of NO2− to NO. This tetraheme enzyme has two subunits, each containing a c-type and a d-type heme. The reduced d hemes bind nitrite and convert it to product.
Cytochrome c nitrite reductase (ccNIR) is a multiheme enzyme that converts nitrite to ammonia on each active site. The active site iron is bound to a protoporphyrin IX ring that is covalently linked to the enzyme's proteins.
Proposed mechanism
The ccNIR protein uses six electrons and seven hydrogens to reduce nitrite to ammonia. The active site of the enzyme contains an iron in a +2 oxidation state. The oxidation level allows nitrite to bond more strongly than to the +3 state due to increased pi backbonding. This electronic effect transfers electron density into the nitrite antibonding orbital between nitrogen and o
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameleon%20%28protein%29
|
Cameleon is an engineered protein based on variant of green fluorescent protein used to visualize calcium levels in living cells. It is a genetically encoded calcium sensor created by Roger Y. Tsien and coworkers. The name is a conflation of CaM (the common abbreviation of calmodulin) and chameleon to indicate the fact that the sensor protein undergoes a conformation change and radiates at an altered wavelength upon calcium binding to the calmodulin element of the Cameleon. Cameleon was the first genetically encoded calcium sensor that could be used for ratiometric measurements and the first to be used in a transgenic animal to record activity in neurons and muscle cells. Cameleon and other genetically-encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) have found many applications in neuroscience and other fields of biology. It was created by fusing BFP, calmodulin, calmodulin-binding peptide M13 and EGFP.
Mechanism
The DNA encoding cameleon fusion protein must be either stably or transiently introduced into the cell of interest. Protein made by the cell according to this DNA information then serves as a fluorescent indicator of calcium concentration. In the presence of calcium, Ca2+ binds to M13, which enables calmodulin to wrap around the M13 domain. This brings the two GFP-variant proteins closer to each other, which increases FRET efficiency between them.
References
Sensors
Engineered proteins
Fluorescent proteins
Cell imaging
Calcium signaling
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative%20economic%20systems
|
Comparative Economic Systems is the sub-classification of economics dealing with the comparative study of different systems of economic organization, such as capitalism, socialism, feudalism and the mixed economy. It is widely held to have been founded by the economist Calvin Bryce Hoover. Comparative economics therefore consisted mainly of comparative economic systems analysis before 1989 but substantially switched its efforts to comparison of the economic effects of the transition experience from socialism to capitalism. It is a part of economics which is the study of gaining knowledge concerned with the production, consumption and transfer of wealth. It is based on the collective wants of the population and the resources available that initially create an economic system. The performance of the economic system can be measured through gross domestic product (GDP); that is, it will indicate the growth rate of country. Normative judgments can be made as well by asking questions like whether the gap of the distribution of wealth and income and social justice. Theoreticians regularly try to evaluate both the positive and normative aspects of the economic system in general and they do so by making assumptions about the rules of the game governing utility-seeking. It is comparatively easy to predict the economic outcomes when the economic system of the country has either a perfect competition or has a perfect planning economic system. With those types of the economic systems, it
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QCM
|
QCM may refer to:
Quality Capital Management, a UK-based hedge fund specialising in managed futures.
Quartz crystal microbalance, a weighing instrument which measures a mass per unit area by measuring the change in frequency of a quartz crystal resonator
Quad City Mallards, a former ECHL team that played in the Quad Cities area of Illinois
Quality Control Music, an American record label
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernstein%20inequality
|
In mathematics, Bernstein inequality, named after Sergei Natanovich Bernstein, may refer to:
Bernstein's inequality (mathematical analysis)
Bernstein inequalities (probability theory)
Mathematics disambiguation pages
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevalley%20theorem
|
Several theorems proved by the French mathematician Claude Chevalley bear his name.
Chevalley–Shephard–Todd theorem in invariant theory of finite groups.
Chevalley–Warning theorem concerning solvability of polynomial equations over finite fields.
Chevalley restriction theorem identifying the invariants of the adjoint action of a semisimple algebraic group with the invariants of its Weyl group acting on the Cartan subalgebra.
Chevalley's structure theorem on algebraic groups: if G is an algebraic group then it contains a unique closed normal subgroup N such that N is affine and the quotient G/N is an abelian variety.
Chevalley's theorem on constructible sets.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epinastine
|
Epinastine (brand names Alesion, Elestat, Purivist, Relestat) is a second-generation antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer that is used in eye drops to treat allergic conjunctivitis. It is produced by Allergan and marketed by Inspire in the United States. It is highly selective for the H1 receptor and does not cross the blood-brain-barrier.
It was patented in 1980 and came into medical use in 1994.
References
Azepanes
H1 receptor antagonists
Guanidines
AbbVie brands
Mast cell stabilizers
Peripherally selective drugs
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyapunov%20theorem
|
Lyapunov theorem may refer to:
Lyapunov theory, a theorem related to the stability of solutions of differential equations near a point of equilibrium
Lyapunov central limit theorem, variant of the central limit theorem
Lyapunov vector-measure theorem, theorem in measure theory that the range of any real-valued, non-atomic vector measure is compact and convex
Lyapunov–Malkin theorem, a mathematical theorem detailing nonlinear stability of systems
See also
Aleksandr Lyapunov (1857-1918), Russian mathematician, mechanician and physicist
Lyapunov equation, used in many branches of control theory, such as stability analysis and optimal control
Lyapunov fractal, bifurcational fractals derived from an extension of the logistic map in which the degree of the growth of the population periodically switches between two values
Lyapunov time, characteristic timescale on which a dynamical system is chaotic
Probability theory, the branch of mathematics concerned with probability
Dirichlet problem, the problem of finding a function which solves a specified partial differential equation in the interior of a given region that takes prescribed values on the boundary of the region
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profenamine
|
Profenamine (INN; also known as ethopropazine (BAN); solde under the trade name Parsidol and others) is a phenothiazine derivative used as an antiparkinsonian agent that has anticholinergic, antihistamine, and antiadrenergic actions. It is also used in the alleviation of the extrapyramidal syndrome induced by drugs such as other phenothiazine compounds, but, like other compounds with antimuscarinic properties, is of no value against tardive dyskinesia.
Synthesis
For promoting bone growth:
The alkylation between phenothiazine [92-84-2] (1) and 1-Diethylamino-2-chloropropane [761-21-7] (2) in the presence of Sodium amide gives ethopropazine (3).
The aziridinium salt helps to rationalize why a rearrangement product is observed (ala methadone). This was also observewd for Aceprometazine.
References
Alpha-1 blockers
Antihistamines
H1 receptor antagonists
Muscarinic antagonists
Phenothiazines
Diethylamino compounds
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second%20Generation%20Multiplex
|
Second Generation Multiplex is a DNA profiling system used in the United Kingdom to set up
the UK National DNA Database in 1995. It is manufactured by ABI (Applied Biosystems).
It contains primers for the following STR (Short Tandem Repeat) loci.
VWA (HUMVWF31/A), D8 (D8S1179), D21 (D21S11), D18 (D18S51), THO (HUMTHO1), FGA (HUMFIBRA)
Also contains primers for the Amelogenin sex indicating test.
The primers are tagged with the following fluorescent dyes for detection under electrophoresis.
5-FAM
JOE
NED
Its use in the United kingdom as the DNA profiling system used by The UK National DNA Database was superseded by the Second Generation Multiplex Plus SGM+ DNA profiling system in 1998
Biometrics
DNA profiling techniques
Genetics in the United Kingdom
Law enforcement in the United Kingdom
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20Data%20Bank%20%28file%20format%29
|
The Protein Data Bank (PDB) file format is a textual file format describing the three-dimensional structures of molecules held in the Protein Data Bank, now succeeded by the mmCIF format. The PDB format accordingly provides for description and annotation of protein and nucleic acid structures including atomic coordinates, secondary structure assignments, as well as atomic connectivity. In addition experimental metadata are stored. The PDB format is the legacy file format for the Protein Data Bank which now keeps data on biological macromolecules in the newer mmCIF file format.
History
The PDB file format was invented in 1976 as a human-readable file that would allow researchers to exchange protein coordinates through a database system. Its fixed-column width format is limited to 80 columns, which was based on the width of the computer punch cards that were previously used to exchange the coordinates. Through the years the file format has undergone many changes and revisions. , the most recent revision is 3.30.
Example
A typical PDB file describing a protein consists of hundreds to thousands of lines like the following (taken from a file describing the structure of a synthetic collagen-like peptide):
HEADER EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX 22-JAN-98 1A3I
TITLE X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF A COLLAGEN-LIKE
TITLE 2 PEPTIDE WITH THE REPEATING SEQUENCE (PRO-PRO-GLY)
...
EXPDTA X-RAY DIFFRACTION
AUTHOR R.Z.KRAMER,L.VITAGLIANO,J.BELLA,R.BERISIO,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second%20Generation%20Multiplex%20Plus
|
Second Generation Multiplex Plus (SGM Plus), is a DNA profiling system developed by Applied Biosystems. It is an updated version of Second Generation Multiplex. SGM Plus has been used by the UK National DNA Database since 1998.
An SGM Plus profile consists of a list of 10 number pairs, one number pair for each of 10 genetic markers, along with two letters (XX or XY) which show the result of the Amelogenin sex indicating test. Each number pair denotes the two allele values for the marker - one value is inherited from each of the subject's parents. If both alleles are the same, then only a single number, rather than a pair, is recorded.
Genetic markers
The genetic markers (or loci) used by SGM Plus are all short tandem repeats (STRs). The markers used are: VWA, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, TH01, FGA, D3S1358, D16S539, D2S1338 and D19S433. Where a marker's designation begins with D, the digits immediately following the D indicate the chromosome that contains the marker. For example, D21S11 is on chromosome 21. SGM Plus also uses the amelogenin (amelo) sex-indicating test.
SGM Plus differs from SGM in that SGM does not use the markers D3S1358, D16S539, D2S1338 and D19S433.
SGM Plus has eight markers in common with CODIS FGA, TH01, VWA, D3S1358, D8S1179, D16S539, D18S51, and D21S11. It differs from CODIS in that it uses the additional markers D2S1338 and D19S433 and does not use the five markers CSF1PO, TPOX, D5S818, D7S820, D13S317.
Dye tags
The primers are tagged with the foll
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