source stringlengths 32 209 | text stringlengths 18 1.5k |
|---|---|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehmer%27s%20GCD%20algorithm | Lehmer's GCD algorithm, named after Derrick Henry Lehmer, is a fast GCD algorithm, an improvement on the simpler but slower Euclidean algorithm. It is mainly used for big integers that have a representation as a string of digits relative to some chosen numeral system base, say β = 1000 or β = 232.
Algorithm
Lehmer noted that most of the quotients from each step of the division part of the standard algorithm are small. (For example, Knuth observed that the quotients 1, 2, and 3 comprise 67.7% of all quotients.) Those small quotients can be identified from only a few leading digits. Thus the algorithm starts by splitting off those leading digits and computing the sequence of quotients as long as it is correct.
Say we want to obtain the GCD of the two integers a and b. Let a ≥ b.
If b contains only one digit (in the chosen base, say β = 1000 or β = 232), use some other method, such as the Euclidean algorithm, to obtain the result.
If a and b differ in the length of digits, perform a division so that a and b are equal in length, with length equal to m.
Outer loop: Iterate until one of a or b is zero:
Decrease m by one. Let x be the leading (most significant) digit in a, x = a div β m and y the leading digit in b, y = b div β m.
Initialize a 2 by 3 matrix
to an extended identity matrix
and perform the euclidean algorithm simultaneously on the pairs (x + A, y + C) and (x + B, y + D), until the quotients differ. That is, iterate as an inner loop:
Compute the quotients w1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Mask | Crystal Mask is a fantasy novel by English writer Katherine Roberts. It is the second novel in The Echorium Sequence, and it is the sequel to Song Quest. The novel was first published in 2001 by the Chicken House.
is set in the world of the Isle of Echoes where the Singers live in The Echorium. The Singers have many special abilities, the most important of which is knowledge of the Songs of Power: Challa for sleep, Kashe for laughter, Shi for sadness, Aushan for fear and Yehn for death. All Singer children, called novices, learn these Songs, but if their voices do not last into adulthood they receive a mild form of Yehn which makes them forget the Songs. The Singers can also to hear over great distances, an ability enhanced by the bluestone which the Isle is made up of, and hear truth. The Singers help to keep peace on the mainland, and produce treaties to protect Half Creatures – the half-human beings with knowledge of the Songs, which include merlee (fish people), naga (water snake people) and quetzal (bird people).
During the novel Song Quest, set twenty years before Crystal Mask, the Singers encountered a powerful enemy in Khizpriest Frazhin, who harnessed the powers of a strange black crystal called the khiz to manipulate people's thoughts and memories. He attempted to destroy the Echorium by kidnapping a novice, Rialle, and was only stopped by the efforts of another novice, Kherron, who had originally been taken in by Frazhin. Although Frazhin was apparently killed b |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitional%20cell%20carcinoma | Transitional cell carcinoma, also called urothelial carcinoma, is a type of cancer that typically occurs in the urinary system. It is the most common type of bladder cancer and cancer of the ureter, urethra, and urachus. Symptoms of urothelial carcinoma in the bladder include hematuria (blood in the urine). Diagnosis includes urine analysis and imaging of the urinary tract (cystoscopy). Transitional cell carcinomas arise from the transitional epithelium, a tissue lining the inner surface of these hollow organs. When the term "urothelial" is used, it specifically refers to a carcinoma of the urothelium, meaning a transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary system.
It accounts for 95% of bladder cancer cases and bladder cancer is in the top 10 most common malignancy disease in the world and is associated with approximately 200,000 deaths per year in the US. It is the second most common type of kidney cancer, but accounts for only five to 10 percent of all primary renal malignant tumors. Men and older people have a higher rate of urothelial carcinoma's. Other risk factors include smoking and exposure to aromatic amines.
Treatment approaches depend on the stage and spread of the tumour. Tumour removal (resection), chemotherapy and chemoradiation may be indicated. Immunotherapy with immune check point inhibitor medications may also be suggested.
Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms of transitional cell carcinomas depend on the location and extent of the cancer. Symptoms of bla |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renn | Renn is a both a surname and given name. It may refer to:
Surname
Crystal Renn (born 1986), American model and author
Jürgen Renn (born 1956), German science historian, physicist, and Director at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science
Ludwig Renn (1889–1979), German author
Mark Renn (1952–2019), British sculptor and muralist
Nancy Lapp (née Renn; born 1930), American archeologist, biblical scholar, and museum curator
Olaf Renn (born 1969), German footballer
Samuel Renn (1786–1845), English pipe organ builder and businessman
W. S. Renn Jr. (born 1928), American football coach
Rev. Joseph John Renn b. 12 Jun 1839, d. 2 Jan 1906, fought during the American Civil War and was captured and imprisoned in Almira New York where he reportedly and thereafter pursued being a pastor. He was much later involved as an educator at a college connected with Duke University in North Carolina. His grandfather, Joseph, fought during the American Revolution and served under Captain William Waters 1st Artillery Regiment
In fiction
Max Renn, a leading role in the 1983 film Videodrome
Singer Renn, a character in The Echorium Sequence trilogy of novels (1999–2003), by Katherine Roberts [see: Characters in The Echorium Sequence]
Renn, a major character from the prehistoric fantasy series Chronicles of Ancient Darkness.
First and middle name
Amaryllis Collymore (middle name Renn; 1745 or 1750–1828), Afro-Barbadian sugar plantation and slave owner, businesswoman, and manumitted slave
Ren |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pjet%C3%ABr%20Dungu | Pjetër Dungu (1908–1989) was an Albanian piano accompanist and composer-arranger of urban folk music. He is known in the history of the music of Albania as the first compiler of Albanian folk songs.
Dungu was born in Shkodër, where he took music lessons from composer Martin Gjoka. He played oboe and trumpet, while studying piano and harmony.
In the 1930s, Dungu gained a reputation as a piano accompanist for urban lyric song, reaching a height around the end of the decade. In 1940, Dungu published Lyra Shqiptare (Albanian Lyra), the first collection of 50 folk melodies. The compilation was published by Instituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, in Italy. This volume, with the preface by Prof. Kristaq Antoniu, contains; 19 folk songs from Shkodra, 15 folk songs from Korça, 7 folk songs from Kosovo, 5 folk songs from Berat, 2 folk songs from Elbasan, 1 folk song from Durres and 1 folk song from Vlorë. In 1942, he accompanied tenor Kristaq Antoniu on the piano for eight songs recorded for the Columbia Recording Company in Italy. Dungu also conducted an orchestra for seven of Antoniu's recordings.
Other composer-arrangers in Albanian lyric folk music in this period, include Lola Gjoka and Kristo Kono.
References
1908 births
1989 deaths
Musicians from Shkodër
Albanian musicians
Accompanists
20th-century pianists
20th-century Albanian musicians |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indirect | Indirect, the opposite of direct, may refer to:
Indirect approach, a battle strategy
Indirect DNA damage, caused by UV-photons
Indirect agonist or indirect-acting agonist, a substance that enhances the release or action of an endogenous neurotransmitter
Indirect speech, a form of speech
Indirect costs, costs that are not directly accountable to a particular function or product
Indirect self-reference, describes an object referring to itself indirectly
Indirect effect, a principle of European Community Law
Indirect finance, where borrowers borrow funds from the financial market through indirect means
Indirection, the ability to reference something in computer programming
Indirect transmission, infections passing from one host to another via a different species.
See also |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%2895625%29%202002%20GX32 | , also written as (95625) 2002 GX32, is a trans-Neptunian object that resides in the Kuiper belt. It has a 3:7 resonance with Neptune. It was discovered on April 8, 2002 by Marc W. Buie, Amy B. Jordan, and James L. Elliot.
It came to perihelion in 1997.
Assuming a generic TNO albedo of 0.09, it is about 153 km in diameter.
Resonance
Simulations by Emel'yanenko and Kiseleva in 2007 show that has a 99% probability of libration in a 3:7 resonance with Neptune.
The Neptune 3:7 mean-motion resonance keeps it more than 11 AU from Neptune over a 14000-year period.
It has been observed 21 times over 4 oppositions and has an orbit quality code of 3.
References
External links
095625
Discoveries by Marc Buie
Discoveries by Amy B. Jordan (astronomer)
Discoveries by James L. Elliot
095625
20020408 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM%20procedures | GSM procedures are sets of steps performed by the GSM network and devices on it in order for the network to function. GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) is a set of standards for cell phone networks established by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute and first used in 1991. Its procedures refers to the steps a GSM network takes to communicate with cell phones and other mobile devices on the network.
IMSI attach refers to the procedure used when a mobile device or mobile station joins a GSM network when it turns on and IMSI detach refers to the procedure used to leave or disconnect from a network when the device is turned off.
IMSI attach
In a GSM network, when a Mobile Station (MS) is switched ON, the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) attach procedure is executed. This procedure is required for the Mobile Switching Center (MSC) and Visitor Location Register (VLR) to register the MS in the network. If the MS has changed Location area (LA) while it was powered off, then the IMSI attach procedure will lead to a Location update.
When the MS is switched on, it searches for a mobile network to connect to. Once the MS identifies its desired network, it sends a message to the network to indicate that it has entered into an idle state. The Visitor Location Register (VLR) checks its database to determine whether there is an existing record of the particular subscriber.
If no record is found, the VLR communicates with the subscriber's Home Loc |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hin%20recombinase | Hin recombinase is a 21kD protein composed of 198 amino acids that is found in the bacteria Salmonella. Hin belongs to the serine recombinase family (B2) of DNA invertases in which it relies on the active site serine to initiate DNA cleavage and recombination. The related protein, gamma-delta resolvase shares high similarity to Hin, of which much structural work has been done, including structures bound to DNA and reaction intermediates. Hin functions to invert a 900 base pair (bp) DNA segment within the salmonella genome that contains a promoter for downstream flagellar genes, fljA and fljB. Inversion of the intervening DNA alternates the direction of the promoter and thereby alternates expression of the flagellar genes. This is advantageous to the bacterium as a means of escape from the host immune response.
Hin functions by binding to two 26bp imperfect inverted repeat sequences as a homodimer. These hin binding sites flank the invertible segment which not only encodes the Hin gene itself, but also contains an enhancer element to which the bacterial Fis proteins binds with nanomolar affinity. Four molecules of Fis bind to this site as a homodimers and are required for the recombination reaction to proceed.
The initial reaction requires binding of Hin and Fis to their respective DNA sequences and assemble into a higher-order nucleoprotein complex with branched plectonemic supercoils with the aid of the DNA bending protein HU. At this point, it is believed that the Fis pro |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triad%20%28anatomy%29 | In the histology of skeletal muscle, a triad is the structure formed by a T tubule with a sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) known as the terminal cisterna on either side. Each skeletal muscle fiber has many thousands of triads, visible in muscle fibers that have been sectioned longitudinally. (This property holds because T tubules run perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the muscle fiber.) In mammals, triads are typically located at the A-I junction; that is, the junction between the A and I bands of the sarcomere, which is the smallest unit of a muscle fiber.
Triads form the anatomical basis of excitation-contraction coupling, whereby a stimulus excites the muscle and causes it to contract. A stimulus, in the form of positively charged current, is transmitted from the neuromuscular junction down the length of the T tubules, activating dihydropyridine receptors (DHPRs). Their activation causes 1) a negligible influx of calcium and 2) a mechanical interaction with calcium-conducting ryanodine receptors (RyRs) on the adjacent SR membrane. Activation of RyRs causes the release of calcium from the SR, which subsequently initiates a cascade of events leading to muscle contraction. These muscle contractions are caused by calcium's bonding to troponin and unmasking the binding sites covered by the troponin-tropomyosin complex on the actin myofilament and allowing the myosin cross-bridges to connect with the actin.
Function: Helps in muscle contraction and Ca+ Secretion
See also
D |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rippling | In computer science, more particularly in automated theorem proving, rippling refers to a group of meta-level heuristics, developed primarily in the Mathematical Reasoning Group in the School of Informatics at the University of Edinburgh, and most commonly used to guide inductive proofs in automated theorem proving systems. Rippling may be viewed as a restricted form of rewrite system, where special object level annotations are used to ensure fertilization upon the completion of rewriting, with a measure decreasing requirement ensuring termination for any set of rewrite rules and expression.
History
Raymond Aubin was the first person to use the term "rippling out" whilst working on his 1976 PhD thesis at the University of Edinburgh. He recognised a common pattern of movement during the rewriting stage of inductive proofs. Alan Bundy later turned this concept on its head by defining rippling to be this pattern of movement, rather than a side effect.
Since then, "rippling sideways", "rippling in" and "rippling past" were coined, so the term was generalised to rippling. Rippling continues to be developed at Edinburgh, and elsewhere, as of 2007.
Rippling has been applied to many problems traditionally viewed as being hard in the inductive theorem proving community, including Bledsoe's limit theorems and a proof of the Gordon microprocessor, a miniature computer developed by Michael J. C. Gordon and his team at Cambridge.
Overview
Very often, when attempting to prove a proposi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bai%20He | Bai He (, born 19 November 1983) is a former Chinese-born Hong Kong professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder.
Career statistics in Hong Kong
As of 11 May 2013
International career
He is selected by Hong Kong national football team for 2010 East Asian Football Championship semi-final while South China represent Hong Kong in the competition.
As of 19 November 2013
Honours
Club
South China
Hong Kong First Division: 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2009–10
Hong Kong FA Cup: 2010–11
Hong Kong League Cup: 2010–11
Eastern
Hong Kong Premier League: 2015–16
Hong Kong Senior Shield: 2015–16
External links
Bai He at HKFA
1983 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Baoding
Chinese men's footballers
Hong Kong men's footballers
Footballers from Hebei
Chengdu Tiancheng F.C. players
South China AA players
Hong Kong Pegasus FC players
Cangzhou Mighty Lions F.C. players
Eastern Sports Club footballers
R&F (Hong Kong) players
Chinese Super League players
China League One players
Hong Kong Premier League players
Hong Kong men's international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Hong Kong expatriate men's footballers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20mitochondrial%20DNA%20segment | NUMT, pronounced "new might", is an acronym for "nuclear mitochondrial DNA" segment or genetic locus coined by evolutionary geneticist, Jose V. Lopez, which describes a transposition of any type of cytoplasmic mitochondrial DNA into the nuclear genome of eukaryotic organisms.
More and more NUMT sequences, with different size and length, in the diverse number of Eukaryotes, have been detected as more whole genome sequencing of different organisms accumulates. In fact, NUMTs have often been unintentionally discovered by researchers who were looking for mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA). NUMTs have been reported in all studied eukaryotes, and nearly all mitochondrial genome regions can be integrated into the nuclear genome. However, NUMTs differ in number and size across different species. Such differences may be accounted for by interspecific variation in such factors as germline stability and mitochondria number.
After the release of the mtDNA to the cytoplasm, due to the mitochondrial alteration and morphological changes, mtDNA is transferred into the nucleus by one of the various predicted methods and are eventually inserted by double-stranded break repair processes into the nuclear DNA (nDNA). Not only has any correlation been found between the fraction of noncoding DNA and NUMT abundance in the genome but NUMTs are also proven to have non-random distribution and a higher likelihood of being inserted in the certain location of genome compare to others. Depending on the location of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fette%20Fraktur | Fette Fraktur is a blackletter typeface of the sub-classification Fraktur designed by the German punchcutter Johann Christian Bauer (1802–1867) in 1850. The C.E. Weber Foundry published a version in 1875, and the D Stempel AG foundry published the version shown at right in 1908.
Fette Fraktur (German for bold Fraktur) is based on the Fraktur type of blackletter faces. This heavy nineteenth century version was developed more for advertising than text, similar to the extremely heavy fat faceadvertising versions of Didone classification faces.
History
For a span of nearly a hundred years, the original Fraktur script was used as a standard text face in German-speaking Europe and parts of Scandinavia. During the period of the Third Reich Fraktur and blackletter faces were initially approved of in contrast to sans-serif faces (associated with the Bauhaus and cultural Bolshevism). Approved use of blackletter Fraktur faces by the Nazi regime continued until January 3, 1941, when Martin Bormann, director of the Party Chancellery issued a directive discontinuing the use of blackletter faces because of an alleged discovery of Jewish contributions in the development of these faces. Another reason may have been their limited legibility outside of Germany. While the Nazis forbade its use for practical and ideological reasons, at the conclusion of World War II, the Allied forces also prohibited it for a time because occupation troops could not read these faces. Eventually the ban on black |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landau%E2%80%93Kolmogorov%20inequality | In mathematics, the Landau–Kolmogorov inequality, named after Edmund Landau and Andrey Kolmogorov, is the following family of interpolation inequalities between different derivatives of a function f defined on a subset T of the real numbers:
On the real line
For k = 1, n = 2 and T = [c,∞) or T = R, the inequality was first proved by Edmund Landau with the sharp constants C(2, 1, [c,∞)) = 2 and C(2, 1, R) = √2. Following contributions by Jacques Hadamard and Georgiy Shilov, Andrey Kolmogorov found the sharp constants and arbitrary n, k:
where an are the Favard constants.
On the half-line
Following work by Matorin and others, the extremising functions were found by Isaac Jacob Schoenberg, explicit forms for the sharp constants are however still unknown.
Generalisations
There are many generalisations, which are of the form
Here all three norms can be different from each other (from L1 to L∞, with p=q=r=∞ in the classical case) and T may be the real axis, semiaxis or a closed segment.
The Kallman–Rota inequality generalizes the Landau–Kolmogorov inequalities from the derivative operator to more general contractions on Banach spaces.
Notes
Inequalities
→ |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-teleportation%20theorem | In quantum information theory, the no-teleportation theorem states that an arbitrary quantum state cannot be converted into a sequence of classical bits (or even an infinite number of such bits); nor can such bits be used to reconstruct the original state, thus "teleporting" it by merely moving classical bits around. Put another way, it states that the unit of quantum information, the qubit, cannot be exactly, precisely converted into classical information bits. This should not be confused with quantum teleportation, which does allow a quantum state to be destroyed in one location, and an exact replica to be created at a different location.
In crude terms, the no-teleportation theorem stems from the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and the EPR paradox: although a qubit can be imagined to be a specific direction on the Bloch sphere, that direction cannot be measured precisely, for the general case ; if it could, the results of that measurement would be describable with words, i.e. classical information.
The no-teleportation theorem is implied by the no-cloning theorem: if it were possible to convert a qubit into classical bits, then a qubit would be easy to copy (since classical bits are trivially copyable).
Formulation
The term quantum information refers to information stored in the state of a quantum system. Two quantum states ρ1 and ρ2 are identical if the measurement results of any physical observable have the same expectation value for ρ1 and ρ2. Thus measurement ca |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman%20Wars | Polish–Ottoman Wars can refer to one of the several conflicts between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire:
Crusade of Varna (1443-1444)
Polish–Ottoman War (1485–1503)
Jan Olbracht's Moldavian expedition of 1497 and Ottoman's retribution raid a year later
Moldavian Magnate Wars, a period of near constant warfare at the end of the 16th century and the beginning of the 17th century, ending with:
Polish–Ottoman War (1620–21)
Polish–Ottoman War (1633–34)
Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–71)
Polish–Ottoman War (1672–76)
as part of the Great Turkish War:
Polish–Ottoman War (1683–99)
See also |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium%20hexafluorophosphate | Lithium hexafluorophosphate is an inorganic compound with the formula LiPF6. It is a white crystalline powder.
Production
LiPF6 is manufactured by reacting phosphorus pentachloride with hydrogen fluoride and lithium fluoride
PCl5 + LiF + 5 HF → LiPF6 + 5 HCl
Suppliers include Targray and Morita Chemical Industries Co., Ltd
Chemistry
The salt is relatively stable thermally, but loses 50% weight at 200 °C (392 °F). It hydrolyzes near 70 °C (158 °F) according to the following equation forming highly toxic HF gas:
LiPF6 + 4 H2O → LiF + 5 HF + H3PO4
Owing to the Lewis acidity of the Li+ ions, LiPF6 also catalyses the tetrahydropyranylation of tertiary alcohols.
In lithium-ion batteries, LiPF6 reacts with Li2CO3, which may be catalysed by small amounts of HF:
LiPF6 + Li2CO3 → POF3 + CO2 + 3 LiF
Application
The main use of LiPF6 is in commercial secondary batteries, an application that exploits its high solubility in polar aprotic solvents. Specifically, solutions of lithium hexafluorophosphate in carbonate blends of ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and/or ethyl methyl carbonate, with a small amount of one or many additives such as fluoroethylene carbonate and vinylene carbonate, serve as state-of-the-art electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries. This application takes advantage of the inertness of the hexafluorophosphate anion toward strong reducing agents, such as lithium metal, as well as of the ability of [PF6-] to passivate the positive aluminiu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain%20rule%20for%20Kolmogorov%20complexity | The chain rule for Kolmogorov complexity is an analogue of the chain rule for information entropy, which states:
That is, the combined randomness of two sequences X and Y is the sum of the randomness of X plus whatever randomness is left in Y once we know X.
This follows immediately from the definitions of conditional and joint entropy, and the fact from probability theory that the joint probability is the product of the marginal and conditional probability:
The equivalent statement for Kolmogorov complexity does not hold exactly; it is true only up to a logarithmic term:
(An exact version, KP(x, y) = KP(x) + KP(y|x*) + O(1),
holds for the prefix complexity KP, where x* is a shortest program for x.)
It states that the shortest program printing X and Y is obtained by concatenating a shortest program printing X with a program printing Y given X, plus at most a logarithmic factor. The results implies that algorithmic mutual information, an analogue of mutual information for Kolmogorov complexity is symmetric: I(x:y) = I(y:x) + O(log K(x,y)) for all x,y.
Proof
The ≤ direction is obvious: we can write a program to produce x and y by concatenating a program to produce x, a program to produce y given
access to x, and (whence the log term) the length of one of the programs, so
that we know where to separate the two programs for x and y|x (log(K(x, y)) upper-bounds this length).
For the ≥ direction, it suffices to show that for all k,l such that k+l = K(x,y) we have that eith |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung%20SGH-T319 | The Samsung SGH-T319 is a cell phone for T-Mobile service introduced in Q1 2006, and was designed for both the regular T-Mobile service and the To-Go! Prepaid Services. Designed to mimic the design of the older model, the Samsung SGH-t309, the only difference is that it is light blue.
Features for the phone include T-Zones, wireless internet, speakerphone and a camera. Memory space is about 3 MB, which can hold about 30 640 X 480 VGA photos. Instant messaging services include AOL Instant Messenger, ICQ, and Yahoo messenger. When released, the starting price was about US$139.
References
CNET - Samsung SGH-T319
T319
Mobile phones introduced in 2006 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antitaenite | Antitaenite is a meteoritic metal alloy mineral composed of iron (Fe) and 20–40% nickel (Ni), (and traces of other elements) that has a face centered cubic crystal structure.
There are three known Fe-Ni meteoritic minerals: kamacite, taenite, and tetrataenite.
The existence of antitaenite as a new mineral species, occurring in both iron meteorites and in chondrites, was first proposed in 1995 but the IMA has not approved paramagnetic antitaenite; instead the organization regards it as a variety of taenite. Gamma (fcc) Fe-Ni alloys with low-Ni (about 25% Ni) are probably inhomogeneous on a nanometer scale.
Antitaenite and taenite have the same crystal structure (face centered cubic) and can have the same chemical composition (same proportions of Fe and Ni) but they differ in their electronic structures: taenite has a high magnetic moment whereas antitaenite has a low magnetic moment. This difference in electronic structure was first established in 1999 and arises from a high-magnetic-moment to low-magnetic-moment transition occurring in the Fe-Ni bi-metallic alloy series. The same electronic structure transition is believed to be a causal factor in Invar behaviour.
See also
Glossary of meteoritics
References
External links
Mindat with location data
Webmineral data
Iron minerals
Nickel minerals
Meteorite minerals |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whites%20Bridge |
Whites Bridge (alternatively White's Bridge) is a Brown truss covered bridge, originally erected in 1869 in Keene Township, Michigan, United States, near Smyrna on the Flat River. Carrying Whites Bridge Road across the Flat River, it is located north of the Fallasburg Bridge and south of Smyrna. The original bridge was among the area's best-known 19th century structures. The bridge was completely destroyed by fire, on the morning of July 7, 2013 (police deemed the case arson). In July 2016, approval was granted for rebuilding a replica bridge, which was completed in April 2020.
History
White's Bridge was the third bridge across the Flat River at or near this location south of Smyrna, which was a crossing point or ford, even before the bridges were built. The "Whites Bridge" and "Whites Crossing" names are taken from the White family, prominent pioneers of the day. The original bridge, built in 1840 by Levi T. White and his sons, was a corduroy bridge made of logs. A second bridge, built about 1856, reportedly at a cost of $250, was destroyed by an ice jam during the spring breakup of 1869. The residents of Smyrna sought a replacement with plans to pay for it with a deferred payment.
The residents contracted with Jared N. Bresee, builder of the Fallasburg Bridge, and Joseph H. Walker to build the bridge for a deferred payment of $1000 due in 1870, and $700 due in 1871. The builders used second-hand lumber in an effort to contain costs and finish quickly (the bridge was b |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-histone%20protein | In chromatin, those proteins which remain after the histones have been removed, are classified as non-histone proteins. The non-histone proteins, are a large group of heterogeneous proteins that play a role in organization and compaction of the chromosome into higher order structures. They play vital roles in regulating processes like nucleosome remodeling, DNA replication, RNA synthesis and processing, nuclear transport, steroid hormone action and interphase/mitosis transition.
Scaffold proteins, DNA polymerase, Heterochromatin Protein 1 and Polycomb are common non-histone proteins. This classification group also includes numerous other structural, regulatory, and motor proteins. Non-histone protein are acidic.
The methylation of non-histone proteins regulates responses to DNA damage including the modulation of DNA repair pathways in proliferating and post-mitotic neuronal cells. Such modulation likely has implications for neuronal function.
See also
Chromatin
Cohesin
Condensin
References
Sources
Epigenetics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrofluidic%20seal | Ferrofluidic seals, or magnetic liquid rotary seals, are used in rotating equipment to enable rotary motion while maintaining a hermetic seal by means of a physical barrier in the form of a ferrofluid. The ferrofluid is suspended in place by use of a permanent magnet. Since their development in the 1970s, the seals have seen use in specialised applications such as computer disc drives, vacuum and nuclear systems.
Origins
Ferrofluidic seals rely on the general principle of ferrofluids - fluids that display magnetic attraction. Following research on ferrofluids during the 1960s, the ferrofluidic seal was first patented in 1971 by R.E.Rosensweig (USP 3,620,584), who subsequently founded Ferrofluidics Corporation with R. Moskowitz.
Benefits and limitations
Magnetic liquid rotary seals operate with little maintenance and minimal leakage in a range of applications. Ferrofluid-based seals used in industrial and scientific applications are most often packaged in mechanical seal assemblies called rotary feedthroughs, which also contain a central shaft, ball bearings and an outer housing. The ball bearings provide two functions: maintaining the shaft's centering within the seal gap and supporting external loads. The bearings are the only mechanical wear-items, as the dynamic seal is formed with a series of rings of ultra-low vapor pressure, oil-based liquid held magnetically between the rotor and stator. As the ferrofluid retains its liquid properties even when magnetized, drag torq |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonsense%20suppressor | A nonsense suppressor is a factor which can inhibit the effect of the nonsense mutation. Nonsense suppressors can be generally divided into two classes: a) a mutated tRNA which can bind with a termination codon on mRNA; b) a mutation on ribosomes decreasing the effect of a termination codon. It is believed that nonsense suppressors keep a low concentration in the cell and do not disrupt normal translation most of the time. In addition, many genes do not have only one termination codon, and cells commonly use ochre codons as the termination signal, whose nonsense suppressors are usually inefficient.
Nonsense suppressors are a useful genetic tool, but can also result in problematic side effects, since all identical stop codons in the genome will also be suppressed to the same degree. Genes with different or multiple stop codons will be unaffected.
SUP35, a nonsense suppressor identified by Wickner in 1994, is a prion protein.
In synthetic biology, artificial suppressor elongator tRNAs are used to incorporate unnatural amino acids at nonsense codons placed in the coding sequence of a gene. Start codons can also be suppressed with suppressor initiator tRNAs, such as the amber stop codon suppressor tRNAfMet2(CUA). The amber initiator tRNA is charged with methionine and glutamine.
In recent research, a novel gene therapy approach is provided by Jiaming Wang and Yue Zhang. They use an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector to deliver a new suppressor tRNA (sup-tRNAtyr) into a mous |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residual%20body | In lysosomal digestion, residual bodies are vesicles containing indigestible materials. Residual bodies are either secreted by the cell via exocytosis (this generally only occurs in macrophages), or they become lipofuscin granules that remain in the cytosol indefinitely. Longer-living cells like neurons and muscle cells usually have a higher concentration of lipofuscin than other more rapidly proliferating cells.
See also
Autophagy
Phagocytosis
References
Sources
Cellular processes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adarna%20House | Adarna House, Inc. is a Philippine company engaged in the publication of local literature for children of all ages. The company is headquartered in Quezon City in metropolitan Manila.
History
During the mid-1970s, the Nutrition Center of the Philippines (NCP), an organization, which primarily addresses malnutrition in the country, recognized not only the physical deficiency of the Filipino children but also the need for a feeding program that would enrich their mental ability. Virgilio S. Almario, a renowned poet and literary critic of that time, was consigned to create series of storybooks for this project. He gathered authors, editors, illustrators, and researchers, which he would call Aklat Adarna.
The Adarna bird is a mythical character known for its ability to cure illnesses with its song. Just like this bird, Aklat Adarna then served education to the Filipinos to heal their illiteracy due to poverty.
Later on, the government organization concluded the program, yet Almario persisted and collaborated with Children's Communication Center (CCC). Adarna Book Services was established to distribute and publish storybooks for CCC. Today, renamed as Adarna House, Inc., the publishing company works with different organizations, producing learning materials for children of all ages, and is continuously reaching out to feed the Filipino minds.
Products
Activity books
Adarna House Inc. publishes learning tools that can help teachers and parents in guiding their children how to |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fels%C5%91vad%C3%A1sz | Felsővadász () is a village in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, Hungary.
Geography
Felsővadász village is located in the valley between Kupa and Gadna. The closest towns are Szikszó (18 km), Edelény and Encs (kb. 30 km).
History
The name Felsővadász means "Upper-hunter," because this location given to the royal hunters together with Alsóvadász - "lower-hunter". The first mention was in 1279. The Rákóczi family bought the village in 1517. The Turkish army attacked and burned the castle in 1567. In 1860, a windstorm ruined the wooden Greek Catholic Church, so a new church was erected in 1864.
Notable people
The family castle of George II Rákóczi is in this village what appears in the lower part of the coat of arms.
References
External links
Street map
HUngarian Catolic Lexicon: Felsővadász
Szeposzag.hu: Felsővadász webpage about attractions ofFelsővadász
Populated places in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Echorium%20Sequence | The Echorium Sequence is a young adult fantasy trilogy by Katherine Roberts. The trilogy comprises Song Quest (1999), Crystal Mask (2001), and Dark Quetzal (2003), and follows the tales of The Echorium; the singers are located on the Isle of Echoes. In the first book, Song Quest, the major characters are singer Rialle, and Kherron followed by Renn and Shaiala in Crystal Mask. In Dark Quetzal, the major characters are Kyarra and Caell. The trilogy follows each generation carrying on from the previous generation in each book, starting with Rialle and Kherron. The series features creatures such as nāgas, centaurs, and half-creatures.
Awards
Song Quest - Winner of the Branford Boase Award for 2000
Plot summary
Song Quest
In Song Quest, Rialle, a novice Singer, is asked to travel to the mainland in order to stop the hunting of merlee and other Half Creatures, and her friend Frenn leaves orderly training to join her. As she leaves, another novice Kherron runs away from the Isle with the help of the merlee hunters. They discover Frazhin controlling the Karchlord with poisoned merlee eggs, and keeping the other inhabitants under control using khiz ures to stop him.
Crystal Mask
Set 20 years after Song Quest, Crystal Mask introduces Rialle's son Renn as a novice at the Echorium, who must travel overseas when the arrival of Shaiala, a wild girl who claims to have been raised by centaurs, casts doubt on the long-held belief that Frazhin is dead. Between them, they discover that Fra |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UGT2B7 | UGT2B7 (UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase-2B7) is a phase II metabolism isoenzyme found to be active in the liver, kidneys, epithelial cells of the lower gastrointestinal tract and also has been reported in the brain. In humans, UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase-2B7 is encoded by the UGT2B7 gene.
Function
The UGTs serve a major role in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. UGT2B7 has unique specificity for 3,4-catechol estrogens and estriol, suggesting that it may play an important role in regulating the level and activity of these potent estrogen metabolites.
This enzyme is located on the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear membranes of cells. Its function is to catalyse the conjugation of a wide variety of lipophilic aglycon substrates with glucuronic acid, using uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid.
Together with UGT2B4, UGT2B7 is capable of glucosidation of hyodesoxycholic acid in the liver, but, unlike the 2B4 isoform, 2B7 is also able to glucuronidate various steroid hormones (androsterone, epitestosterone) and fatty acids. It is also able to conjugate major classes of drugs such as analgesics (morphine), carboxylic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ketoprofen), and anticarcinogens (all-trans retinoic acid). UGT2B7 is the major enzyme isoform responsible for the metabolism of morphine, codeine, norcodeine and other opiates to their corresponding 3- and 6- glucuronides. For example, morphine metabolism produces m |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KBYR%20%28AM%29 | KBYR (700 kHz) is an American commercial AM radio station programming talk in Anchorage, Alaska. 700 AM is a North American clear-channel frequency. WLW in Cincinnati, Ohio is also a Class A station on this frequency.
History
Longtime Alaskan broadcaster Dick Lobdell identified KBYR as the source of the famous Alaskan blooper presented on Kermit Schaefer's blooper albums of an announcer declaring that he would be "taking a leak out the window" to determine how cold it was.
KBYR was originally on 1240 kHz. It moved to 1270 in 1956 then to 700 in 1971.
Translators
In addition to the main station, KBYR is relayed by an additional 2 translators to widen its broadcast area.
References
External links
FCC History Cards for KBYR
KBYR history introduced by Rod Williams
1948 establishments in Alaska
Radio stations established in 1948
BYR
Talk radio stations in the United States |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC%20Romanian | BBC Romanian was the Romanian branch of the BBC World Service (Radio) for Romania and Moldova. Since 2004, it broadcast on its own frequency (only in Bucharest - 88 FM, Chişinău - 97,2 FM, Timișoara - 93,9 FM and Constanţa - 96,9 FM); until then its signal was re-broadcast by local radio stations, partners of BBC Romanian.
On 25 June 2008, the BBC announced that it would close its Romanian language service after 69 years of broadcasting, effective 1 August 2008.
See also
BBC Radio
BBC World Service
References
External links
BBC Romanian in Moldova
BBC Romanian in Romania
Romanian
Romanian-language radio stations
Romania–United Kingdom relations
2008 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Moldova–United Kingdom relations
Radio stations established in 1939
1939 establishments in the United Kingdom |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tells%20Peak | Tells Peak is a mountain in the Sierra Nevada at the very north end of the Crystal Range (California), to the west of Lake Tahoe. It is located in the Desolation Wilderness in El Dorado County, California.
The origin of the name is not certain. It is probably named for a Swiss homesteader named Tell who lived a few miles to the west. At least one historian believes it was named for Ciperano Pedrini, a storekeeper in Garden Valley, who was known as Bill Tell.
References
External links
Mountains of El Dorado County, California
Lake Tahoe
Mountains of the Desolation Wilderness
Mountains of Northern California |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KIAK-FM | KIAK-FM (102.5 MHz) is a commercial country radio station in Fairbanks, Alaska.
The frequency originally belonged to KQRZ until KIAK (now KFBX) decided to move their country music format to FM in 1990.
Former logo
References
External links
Country radio stations in the United States
IAK-FM
Radio stations established in 1983
1984 establishments in Alaska
IHeartMedia radio stations |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Lake%20%28Vermont%29 | Crystal Lake is located near the village of Barton in Orleans County, Vermont, United States. It is a glacial lake and deep in places. Route 5 runs along the lake's western shore. Crystal Lake is in the northeastern section of the state of Vermont. The lake is owned by the state and managed by the Department of Environmental Conservation.
Exotic species infestations are a concern, with an existing Eurasian water milfoil population, which is being addressed.
The lake is a coldwater fishery. Lake trout are native and the current population is wild. There are rainbow trout (wild and stocked), yellow perch, smallmouth bass, rock bass, pumpkinseed, chain pickerel, longnose suckers, white suckers, and various minnow species.
History
Rogers' Rangers were forced to retreat through the area following their attack on Saint-Francis, Quebec in 1759. The fleeing rangers split up before reaching Barton. One group followed the Barton River south to the falls at the outlet of Crystal Lake, where they were able to catch fish. From there, they continued south over the summit into the Passumpsic River Valley.
In the 19th century, the lake was sometimes called "Belle Pond."
Construction on a dam to enhance and control the lake was completed in 1860. It consists of concrete, stone, and masonry. The core is concrete. The foundation is rock, and soil. The height is by long. Maximum discharge is per second. The capacity is . Normal storage is . It drains an area of .
Circa 1900, a granit |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick%20Owens | Richard Saturnino Owens (born November 18, 1962) is an American fashion designer from Porterville, California. In addition to his main line, Owens has a furniture line and a number of diffusion lines.
Early life and education
Richard Saturnino Owens was raised in Porterville, California. His parents are John (d. 2015) and Concepción "Connie" Owens. His mother is Mexican. Owens was raised in a conservative, Catholic household. After graduating high school, he moved to Los Angeles, California to study art at Otis College of Art and Design for two years before taking pattern-making and draping courses at Los Angeles Trade-Technical College. This led to work in the garment industry, designing copies of designer clothing. Owens then met Michèle Lamy, who at this time was well-known in the Los Angeles social scene and owned the "Lamy" sportswear brand.
Career
Owens launched his fashion line in 1994, operating out of a store in Hollywood Boulevard. One of the first boutiques to carry his clothes was Charles Gallay, who was known for carrying avant-garde designers. He gained notability after Kate Moss was photographed by Corrine Day for Vogue Paris in one of his signature leather jackets. This attention lead to Vogue America sponsoring his first runway, which he titled "Sparrows FW02".
He moved to Paris in 2003 with his partner Michèle Lamy, a decision that was partially motivated by being mugged in Los Angeles. He set up his home and atelier inside a historic five-story building |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stauffer%20syndrome | Stauffer syndrome is a constellation of signs and symptoms of liver dysfunction that arises due to presence of renal cell carcinoma, and, more rarely, in connection with other malignant neoplasms, though the specific pathogenesis is currently unknown. It is named for Dr. Maurice Stauffer, a gastroenterologist at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN. The hepatic abnormalities are not due to tumor infiltration of the liver or intrinsic liver disease; they instead reflect the presence of a paraneoplastic syndrome.
Stauffer syndrome causes abnormal liver function tests, especially those that reflect the presence of cholestasis, i.e. abnormal bile flow. Hepatosplenomegaly may also be observed. The symptoms and signs resolve if the renal cell carcinoma (or another associated tumor) is successfully ablated. It is due to release of IL-6 from cancerous cell.
Eponym
Maurice H. Stauffer, M.D., a gastroenterologist at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN, first characterized this syndrome in 1961, with the original name of "nephrogenic hepatomegaly."
References
External links
Syndromes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humphries | Humphries is a surname, and may refer to:
Barry Humphries (1934–2023), Australian comedian, creator of characters Dame Edna Everage and Sir Les Patterson
Carla Humphries (born 1988), American-born Filipina actress and commercial model, also known as Carla Loren
Charles Humphries, British countertenor
Chris Humphries (1947–2009), British botanist
David Humphries (1953–2020), English cricketer, brother of Mark Humphries
Edward "Ted" Humphries, Australian politician
Gary Humphries (born 1958), Australian politician
Gemma Humphries, British weather forecaster
Gerald Humphries (1908–1983), English cricketer
Henry Humphries (1879–1964), Canadian cricketer
Isaac Humphries (born 1998), Australian basketball player
Jay Humphries (born 1962), American basketball player
Jimmie Humphries (1889–1971), American professional baseball player, manager and executive
Joe Humphries (1876–1946), English cricketer
John Humphries (disambiguation), several people
Kaillie Humphries (born 1985), Canadian/American bobsledder
Kris Humphries (born 1985), American basketball player
Leonard Humphries (born 1970), American football player
Les Humphries (1940–2007), English-born founder of the Les Humphries Singers
Lex Humphries (1936–1994), American jazz drummer
Luke Humphries (born 1995), English darts player
Mark Humphries (born 1965), English cricketer, brother of David Humphries
Ralph "Rusty" Humphries (born 1965), American radio presenter
Sage Humphries (born 1998), American ba |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data%20compression%20symmetry | Symmetry and asymmetry, in the context of data compression, refer to the time relation between compression and decompression for a given compression algorithm.
If an algorithm takes the same time to compress a data archive as it does to decompress it, it is considered symmetrical. Note that compression and decompression, even for a symmetric algorithm, may not be perfectly symmetric in practice, depending on the devices the data is being copied to and from, and other factors such as latency and the fragmentation on the device.
In turn, if the compression and decompression times of an algorithm are vastly different, it is considered asymmetrical.
Examples
Symmetric algorithms are typically used for media streaming protocols, as either the server taking too long to compress the data, or the client taking too long to decompress, would lead to delays in the viewing of the data.
Asymmetrical algorithms wherein the compression is faster than the decompression can be useful for backing up or archiving data, as in these cases data is typically much more often stored than retrieved.
References
Further reading
Data compression |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency%20specific%20microcurrent | Frequency Specific Microcurrent (FSM) or frequency Specific Microcurrent Therapy (FSMT) is the practice of introducing a mild electrical current into an area of damaged soft tissue. Practitioners claim that the introduced current enhances the healing process underway in that same tissue. Critics, such as David Gorski, call proponent's claims of the technique altering body tissue's vibrational amplitude pseudoscience.
About
Frequencies are simultaneously applied used on two channels so they intersect or cross in the area to be treated. Clinical experience shows that both frequencies need to accurately reflect the condition causing the problem (like inflammation or scarring) and the tissue being affected (like the nerve or spinal cord) in order for the treatment to be successful.
Usage
A 2012 systematic review of physical therapies for Achilles tendinopathy found limited evidence from a single randomized clinical trial suggests FSM as an effective therapy.
Criticism
Skeptics note that FSM is another form of vibration medicine and that there is no good evidence that when a tissue is injured it takes on a “different vibrational characteristic”. In addition to the implausibility of the underlying mechanism, critics further argue that the treatment lacks a body or research neither establishing the phenomenon nor the clinical claims.
A 1994 review of electronic devices as potential cancer treatments by the American Cancer Society found the methods to questionable, ineffect |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forisome | Forisomes are proteins occurring in the sieve tubes of Fabaceae. Their molecules are about 1–3 µm wide and 10–30 µm long. They expand and contract anisotropically in response to changes of electric field, pH, or concentration of Ca2+ ions. Unlike most other moving proteins, the change is not dependent on ATP.
Forisomes function as valves in sieve tubes of the phloem system, by reversibly changing shape between low-volume ordered crystalloid spindles and high-volume disordered spherical conformations. The change from ordered to disordered conformation involves tripling of the protein's volume, loss of birefringence present in the crystalline phase, 120% radial expansion and 30% longitudinal shrinkage. In Vicia it was shown that forisomes are associated to the endoplasmic reticulum at sieve plates. There are evidences that the forisomes's behavior could depend on Ca2+ changes provoked by Ca2+-permeable ion channels, located on the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane of sieve elements. responsible for shape changes.
Forisomes have possible applications as biomimetic smart materials (e.g. valves in microdevices) or smart composite materials.
References
External links
Forisome: A smart plant protein inside a phloem system
Forisome based biomimetic smart materials
Forisome Protein, a Key to Biomimetic Materials
Motor proteins
Smart materials
Plant proteins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossband%20operation | Crossband (cross-band, cross band) operation is a method of telecommunication in which a radio station receives signals on one frequency and simultaneously transmits on another for the purpose of full duplex communication or signal relay.
To avoid interference within the equipment at the station, the two frequencies used need to be separated, and ideally on different 'bands'. An unattended station working in this way is a radio repeater. It re-transmits the same information that it receives. This principle is used by telecommunications satellites and terrestrial mobile radio systems.
Uses
Crossband operation is sometimes used by amateur radio operators. Rather than taking it in turns to transmit on the same frequency, both operators can transmit at the same time but on different bands, each one listening to the frequency that the other is using to transmit. A variation on this procedure includes establishing contact on one frequency and then changing to a pair of other frequencies to exchange messages.
Crossband operation is also used in communication between ships (inter-ship) with a HF installation. Frequencies that may be used can be found in the 'Manual for use by the Maritime Mobile and Maritime Mobile-Satellite Services'. Usually inter-ship communication is simplex only (VHF or MF), HF gives the possibility to work duplex but usually the transmitter and receiver are so close to each other that this may cause problems. The solution is to work on frequencies that are f |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key%20wrap | In cryptography, key wrap constructions are a class of symmetric encryption algorithms designed to encapsulate (encrypt) cryptographic key material. The Key Wrap algorithms are intended for applications such as protecting keys while in untrusted storage or transmitting keys over untrusted communications networks. The constructions are typically built from standard primitives such as block ciphers and cryptographic hash functions.
Key Wrap may be considered as a form of key encapsulation algorithm, although it should not be confused with the more commonly known asymmetric (public-key) key encapsulation algorithms (e.g., PSEC-KEM). Key Wrap algorithms can be used in a similar application: to securely transport a session key by encrypting it under a long-term encryption key.
Background
In the late 1990s, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) posed the "Key Wrap" problem: to develop secure and efficient cipher-based key encryption algorithms. The resulting algorithms would be formally evaluated by NIST, and eventually approved for use in NIST-certified cryptographic modules. NIST did not precisely define the security goals of the resulting algorithm, and left further refinement to the algorithm developers. Based on the resulting algorithms, the design requirements appear to be (1) confidentiality, (2) integrity protection (authentication), (3) efficiency, (4) use of standard (approved) underlying primitives such as the Advanced Encryption Standard (AE |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von%20Neumann%20universal%20constructor | John von Neumann's universal constructor is a self-replicating machine in a cellular automaton (CA) environment. It was designed in the 1940s, without the use of a computer. The fundamental details of the machine were published in von Neumann's book Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata, completed in 1966 by Arthur W. Burks after von Neumann's death. While typically not as well known as von Neumann's other work, it is regarded as foundational for automata theory, complex systems, and artificial life. Indeed, Nobel Laureate Sydney Brenner considered Von Neumann's work on self-reproducing automata (together with Turing's work on computing machines) central to biological theory as well, allowing us to "discipline our thoughts about machines, both natural and artificial."
Von Neumann's goal, as specified in his lectures at the University of Illinois in 1949, was to design a machine whose complexity could grow automatically akin to biological organisms under natural selection. He asked what is the threshold of complexity that must be crossed for machines to be able to evolve. His answer was to specify an abstract machine which, when run, would replicate itself. In his design, the self-replicating machine consists of three parts: a "description" of ('blueprint' or program for) itself, a universal constructor mechanism that can read any description and construct the machine (sans description) encoded in that description, and a universal copy machine that can make copies of any descri |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key%20encapsulation%20mechanism | In cryptographic protocols, a key encapsulation mechanism (KEM) or key encapsulation method is used to secure symmetric key material for transmission using asymmetric (public-key) algorithms. It is commonly used in hybrid cryptosystems. In practice, public key systems are clumsy to use in transmitting long messages. Instead they are often used to exchange symmetric keys, which are relatively short. The symmetric key is then used to encrypt the longer message.
The traditional approach to sending a symmetric key with public key systems is to first generate a random symmetric key and then encrypt it using the chosen public key algorithm. The recipient then decrypts the public key message to recover the symmetric key. As the symmetric key is generally short, padding is required for full security and proofs of security for padding schemes are often less than complete. KEMs simplify the process by generating a random element in the finite group underlying the public key system and deriving the symmetric key by hashing that element, eliminating the need for padding.
Example using RSA encryption
Using the same notation employed in the RSA system article, say Alice has transmitted her public key to Bob, while keeping her private key secret, as usual. Bob then wishes to send symmetric key M to Alice. M might be a 128 or 256-bit AES key, for example. Note that the public key is typically 2048-bits or even longer, thus much larger than typical symmetric keys. If is small enough tha |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized%20Pareto%20distribution | In statistics, the generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) is a family of continuous probability distributions. It is often used to model the tails of another distribution. It is specified by three parameters: location , scale , and shape . Sometimes it is specified by only scale and shape and sometimes only by its shape parameter. Some references give the shape parameter as .
Definition
The standard cumulative distribution function (cdf) of the GPD is defined by
where the support is for and for . The corresponding probability density function (pdf) is
Characterization
The related location-scale family of distributions is obtained by replacing the argument z by and adjusting the support accordingly.
The cumulative distribution function of (, , and ) is
where the support of is when , and when .
The probability density function (pdf) of is
,
again, for when , and when .
The pdf is a solution of the following differential equation:
Special cases
If the shape and location are both zero, the GPD is equivalent to the exponential distribution.
With shape , the GPD is equivalent to the continuous uniform distribution .
With shape and location , the GPD is equivalent to the Pareto distribution with scale and shape .
If , , , then . (exGPD stands for the exponentiated generalized Pareto distribution.)
GPD is similar to the Burr distribution.
Generating generalized Pareto random variables
Generating GPD random variables
If U is uniformly distribut |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20therapeutic%20monoclonal%20antibodies | Therapeutic, diagnostic and preventive monoclonal antibodies are clones of a single parent cell. When used as drugs, the International Nonproprietary Names (INNs) end in -mab. The remaining syllables of the INNs, as well as the column Source, are explained in Nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies.
The abbreviations in the column Type are as follows:
mab: whole monoclonal antibody
Fab: fragment, antigen-binding (one arm)
F(ab')2: fragment, antigen-binding, including hinge region (both arms)
Fab': fragment, antigen-binding, including hinge region (one arm)
Variable fragments:
scFv: single-chain variable fragment
di-scFv: dimeric single-chain variable fragment
sdAb: single-domain antibody
BsAb: bispecific monoclonal antibody:
3funct: trifunctional antibody
BiTE: bi-specific T-cell engager
This list of over 500 monoclonal antibodies includes approved and investigational drugs as well as drugs that have been withdrawn from market; consequently, the column Use does not necessarily indicate clinical usage. See the list of FDA-approved therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in the monoclonal antibody therapy page.
References
Monoclonal Antibodies
+
Monoclonal Antibodies |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scatter%20%28band%29 | Scatter are an improvisational collective, based in Glasgow.
The membership of the group is fluid. Members have included Nick McCarthy, Oliver Neilson and Hanna Tuulikki. The Blank Tapes label released their album The Mountain Announces.
Discography
Surprising Sing Stupendous Love (2004/Cenotaph)
The Mountain Announces (2006/Blank Tapes)
References
Scottish folk music groups
British jazz ensembles
Musical collectives |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhatukaya | Dhatukaya (, IAST: Dhātukāya) or Dhatukaya-sastra () is one of the seven Sarvastivada Abhidharma Buddhist scriptures.
Dhatukaya means "group of elements". It was written by Purna (according to Sanskrit and Tibetan sources), or Vasumitra (according to Chinese sources; five people named Vasumitra were known to the Chinese sources, but it is not clear which one of these authored Dhatukaya). It was translated into Chinese translated by Xuanzang: T26, No. 1540, 阿毘達磨界身足論, 尊者世友造, 三藏法師玄奘奉 詔譯, in a short 3 fascicles.
This comparatively short text bears similarities with the Pāli Sthaviravada text, the Dhatu-katha, in style and format, though it uses a different matrka. It also bears a close connection with the Prakaranapada, through several items common to both. In its sevenfold division of dharmas in particular, it does provide, a closer look at the various divisions of dharmas, in particular citta and caitasika, with its conjoined and non-conjoined aspects. As it is not mentioned in the Mahavibhasa, this also suggests it is either a later text, or originally a fragment removed from an earlier text.
References
Abhidharma |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arachis%20ipaensis | Arachis ipaensis is a herb in the Faboideae subfamily. This plant is cited as gene sources for research in plant biology of peanut (Arachis hypogaea). Its genome has been sequenced.
References
ipaensis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routing%20loop | A routing loop is a common problem with various types of networks, particularly computer networks. They are formed when an error occurs in the operation of the routing algorithm, and as a result, in a group of nodes, the path to a particular destination forms a loop.
In the simplest version, a routing loop of size two, node A thinks that the path to some destination (call it C) is through its neighbouring node, node B. At the same time, node B thinks that the path to C starts at node A.
Thus, whenever traffic for C arrives at either A or B, it will loop endlessly between A and B, unless some mechanism exists to prevent that behaviour.
How a routing loop can form
For example, in this illustration, node A is transmitting data to node C via node B. If the link between nodes B and C goes down and B has not yet informed node A about the breakage, node A transmits the data to node B assuming that the link A-B-C is operational and of lowest cost. Node B knows of the broken link and tries to reach node C via node A, thus sending the original data back to node A. Furthermore, node A receives the data that it originated back from node B and consults its routing table. Node A's routing table will say that it can reach node C via node B (because it still has not been informed of the break) thus sending its data back to node B creating an infinite loop. This routing loop problem is also called a two-node loop.
How a routing loop can persist
Consider now what happens if both the link |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20grand%20stellated%20120-cell | In geometry, the great grand stellated 120-cell or great grand stellated polydodecahedron is a regular star 4-polytope with Schläfli symbol {5/2,3,3}, one of 10 regular Schläfli-Hess 4-polytopes. It is unique among the 10 for having 600 vertices, and has the same vertex arrangement as the regular convex 120-cell.
It is one of four regular star polychora discovered by Ludwig Schläfli. It is named by John Horton Conway, extending the naming system by Arthur Cayley for the Kepler-Poinsot solids, and the only one containing all three modifiers in the name.
With its dual, it forms the compound of great grand stellated 120-cell and grand 600-cell.
Images
As a stellation
The great grand stellated 120-cell is the final stellation of the 120-cell, and is the only Schläfli-Hess polychoron to have the 120-cell for its convex hull. In this sense it is analogous to the three-dimensional great stellated dodecahedron, which is the final stellation of the dodecahedron and the only Kepler-Poinsot polyhedron to have the dodecahedron for its convex hull. Indeed, the great grand stellated 120-cell is dual to the grand 600-cell, which could be taken as a 4D analogue of the great icosahedron, dual of the great stellated dodecahedron.
The edges of the great grand stellated 120-cell are τ6 as long as those of the 120-cell core deep inside the polychoron, and they are τ3 as long as those of the small stellated 120-cell deep within the polychoron.
See also
List of regular polytopes
Convex r |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand%20600-cell | In geometry, the grand 600-cell or grand polytetrahedron is a regular star 4-polytope with Schläfli symbol {3, 3, 5/2}. It is one of 10 regular Schläfli-Hess polytopes. It is the only one with 600 cells.
It is one of four regular star 4-polytopes discovered by Ludwig Schläfli. It was named by John Horton Conway, extending the naming system by Arthur Cayley for the Kepler-Poinsot solids.
The grand 600-cell can be seen as the four-dimensional analogue of the great icosahedron (which in turn is analogous to the pentagram); both of these are the only regular n-dimensional star polytopes which are derived by performing stellational operations on the pentagonal polytope which has simplectic faces. It can be constructed analogously to the pentagram, its two-dimensional analogue, via the extension of said (n-1)-D simplex faces of the core nD polytope (tetrahedra for the grand 600-cell, equilateral triangles for the great icosahedron, and line segments for the pentagram) until the figure regains regular faces.
The Grand 600-cell is also dual to the great grand stellated 120-cell, mirroring the great icosahedron's duality with the great stellated dodecahedron (which in turn is also analogous to the pentagram); all of these are the final stellations of the n-dimensional "dodecahedral-type" pentagonal polytope.
Related polytopes
It has the same edge arrangement as the great stellated 120-cell, and grand stellated 120-cell, and same face arrangement as the great icosahedral 120-cell |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20stellated%20120-cell | In geometry, the small stellated 120-cell or stellated polydodecahedron is a regular star 4-polytope with Schläfli symbol {5/2,5,3}. It is one of 10 regular Schläfli-Hess polytopes.
Related polytopes
It has the same edge arrangement as the great grand 120-cell, and also shares its 120 vertices with the 600-cell and eight other regular star 4-polytopes. It may also be seen as the first stellation of the 120-cell. In this sense it could be seen as analogous to the three-dimensional small stellated dodecahedron, which is the first stellation of the dodecahedron. Indeed, the small stellated 120-cell is dual to the icosahedral 120-cell, which could be taken as a 4D analogue of the great dodecahedron, dual of the small stellated dodecahedron.
The edges of the small stellated 120-cell are τ2 as long as those of the 120-cell core inside the 4-polytope.
See also
List of regular polytopes
Convex regular 4-polytope - Set of convex regular 4-polytope
Kepler-Poinsot solids - regular star polyhedron
Star polygon - regular star polygons
References
Edmund Hess, (1883) Einleitung in die Lehre von der Kugelteilung mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Anwendung auf die Theorie der Gleichflächigen und der gleicheckigen Polyeder .
H. S. M. Coxeter, Regular Polytopes, 3rd. ed., Dover Publications, 1973. .
John H. Conway, Heidi Burgiel, Chaim Goodman-Strass, The Symmetries of Things 2008, (Chapter 26, Regular Star-polytopes, pp. 404–408)
External links
Regular polychora
Discussi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icosahedral%20120-cell | In geometry, the icosahedral 120-cell, polyicosahedron, faceted 600-cell or icosaplex is a regular star 4-polytope with Schläfli symbol {3,5,5/2}. It is one of 10 regular Schläfli-Hess polytopes.
It is constructed by 5 icosahedra around each edge in a pentagrammic figure. The vertex figure is a great dodecahedron.
Related polytopes
It has the same edge arrangement as the 600-cell, grand 120-cell and great 120-cell, and shares its vertices with all other Schläfli–Hess 4-polytopes except the great grand stellated 120-cell (another stellation of the 120-cell).
As a faceted 600-cell, replacing the simplicial cells of the 600-cell with icosahedral pentagonal polytope cells, it could be seen as a four-dimensional analogue of the great dodecahedron, which replaces the triangular faces of the icosahedron with pentagonal faces. Indeed, the icosahedral 120-cell is dual to the small stellated 120-cell, which could be taken as a 4D analogue of the small stellated dodecahedron, dual of the great dodecahedron.
See also
List of regular polytopes
Convex regular 4-polytope
Kepler-Poinsot solids - regular star polyhedron
Star polygon - regular star polygons
References
Edmund Hess, (1883) Einleitung in die Lehre von der Kugelteilung mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Anwendung auf die Theorie der Gleichflächigen und der gleicheckigen Polyeder .
H. S. M. Coxeter, Regular Polytopes, 3rd. ed., Dover Publications, 1973. .
John H. Conway, Heidi Burgiel, Chaim Goodman-Strass, The Sy |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand%20120-cell | In geometry, the grand 120-cell or grand polydodecahedron is a regular star 4-polytope with Schläfli symbol {5,3,5/2}. It is one of 10 regular Schläfli-Hess polytopes.
It is one of four regular star 4-polytopes discovered by Ludwig Schläfli. It is named by John Horton Conway, extending the naming system by Arthur Cayley for the Kepler-Poinsot solids.
Related polytopes
It has the same edge arrangement as the 600-cell, icosahedral 120-cell and the same face arrangement as the great 120-cell.
See also
List of regular polytopes
Convex regular 4-polytope
Kepler-Poinsot solids - regular star polyhedron
Star polygon - regular star polygons
References
Edmund Hess, (1883) Einleitung in die Lehre von der Kugelteilung mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Anwendung auf die Theorie der Gleichflächigen und der gleicheckigen Polyeder .
H. S. M. Coxeter, Regular Polytopes, 3rd. ed., Dover Publications, 1973. .
John H. Conway, Heidi Burgiel, Chaim Goodman-Strass, The Symmetries of Things 2008, (Chapter 26, Regular Star-polytopes, pp. 404–408)
External links
Regular polychora
Discussion on names
Reguläre Polytope
The Regular Star Polychora
4-polytopes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20stellated%20120-cell | In geometry, the great stellated 120-cell or great stellated polydodecahedron is a regular star 4-polytope with Schläfli symbol {5/2,3,5}. It is one of 10 regular Schläfli-Hess polytopes.
It is one of four regular star 4-polytopes discovered by Ludwig Schläfli. It is named by John Horton Conway, extending the naming system by Arthur Cayley for the Kepler-Poinsot solids.
Related polytopes
It has the same edge arrangement as the grand 600-cell, icosahedral 120-cell, and the same face arrangement as the grand stellated 120-cell.
See also
List of regular polytopes
Convex regular 4-polytope
Kepler-Poinsot solids - regular star polyhedron
Star polygon - regular star polygons
References
Edmund Hess, (1883) Einleitung in die Lehre von der Kugelteilung mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Anwendung auf die Theorie der Gleichflächigen und der gleicheckigen Polyeder .
H. S. M. Coxeter, Regular Polytopes, 3rd. ed., Dover Publications, 1973. .
John H. Conway, Heidi Burgiel, Chaim Goodman-Strass, The Symmetries of Things 2008, (Chapter 26, Regular Star-polytopes, pp. 404–408)
External links
Regular polychora
Discussion on names
Reguläre Polytope
The Regular Star Polychora
Paper model of 3D cross-section of Great Stellated 120-cell created using nets generated by Stella4D software
4-polytopes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20grand%20120-cell | In geometry, the great grand 120-cell or great grand polydodecahedron is a regular star 4-polytope with Schläfli symbol {5,5/2,3}. It is one of 10 regular Schläfli-Hess polytopes.
Related polytopes
It has the same edge arrangement as the small stellated 120-cell.
See also
List of regular polytopes
Convex regular 4-polytope
Kepler-Poinsot polyhedron – regular star polyhedron
Star polygon – regular star polygons
External links
Regular polychora
Discussion on names
Reguläre Polytope
The Regular Star Polychora
References
Edmund Hess, (1883) Einleitung in die Lehre von der Kugelteilung mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Anwendung auf die Theorie der Gleichflächigen und der gleicheckigen Polyeder .
H. S. M. Coxeter, Regular Polytopes, 3rd. ed., Dover Publications, 1973. .
John H. Conway, Heidi Burgiel, Chaim Goodman-Strass, The Symmetries of Things 2008, (Chapter 26, Regular Star-polytopes, pp. 404–408)
4-polytopes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20icosahedral%20120-cell | In geometry, the great icosahedral 120-cell, great polyicosahedron or great faceted 600-cell is a regular star 4-polytope with Schläfli symbol {3,5/2,5}. It is one of 10 regular Schläfli-Hess polytopes.
Related polytopes
It has the same edge arrangement as the great stellated 120-cell, and grand stellated 120-cell, and face arrangement of the grand 600-cell.
See also
List of regular polytopes
Convex regular 4-polytope
Kepler-Poinsot solids - regular star polyhedron
Star polygon - regular star polygons
References
Edmund Hess, (1883) Einleitung in die Lehre von der Kugelteilung mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Anwendung auf die Theorie der Gleichflächigen und der gleicheckigen Polyeder .
H. S. M. Coxeter, Regular Polytopes, 3rd. ed., Dover Publications, 1973. .
John H. Conway, Heidi Burgiel, Chaim Goodman-Strass, The Symmetries of Things 2008, (Chapter 26, Regular Star-polytopes, pp. 404–408)
External links
Regular polychora
Discussion on names
Reguläre Polytope
The Regular Star Polychora
4-polytopes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20120-cell | In geometry, the great 120-cell or great polydodecahedron is a regular star 4-polytope with Schläfli symbol {5,5/2,5}. It is one of 10 regular Schläfli-Hess polytopes. It is one of the two such polytopes that is self-dual.
Related polytopes
It has the same edge arrangement as the 600-cell, icosahedral 120-cell as well as the same face arrangement as the grand 120-cell.
Due to its self-duality, it does not have a good three-dimensional analogue, but (like all other star polyhedra and polychora) is analogous to the two-dimensional pentagram.
See also
List of regular polytopes
Convex regular 4-polytope
Kepler-Poinsot solids regular star polyhedron
Star polygon regular star polygons
References
Edmund Hess, (1883) Einleitung in die Lehre von der Kugelteilung mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Anwendung auf die Theorie der Gleichflächigen und der gleicheckigen Polyeder .
H. S. M. Coxeter, Regular Polytopes, 3rd. ed., Dover Publications, 1973. .
John H. Conway, Heidi Burgiel, Chaim Goodman-Strass, The Symmetries of Things 2008, (Chapter 26, Regular Star-polytopes, pp. 404–408)
External links
Regular polychora
Discussion on names
Reguläre Polytope
The Regular Star Polychora
4-polytopes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand%20stellated%20120-cell | In geometry, the grand stellated 120-cell or grand stellated polydodecahedron is a regular star 4-polytope with Schläfli symbol {5/2,5,5/2}. It is one of 10 regular Schläfli-Hess polytopes.
It is also one of two such polytopes that is self-dual.
Related polytopes
It has the same edge arrangement as the grand 600-cell, icosahedral 120-cell, and the same face arrangement as the great stellated 120-cell.
Due to its self-duality, it does not have a good three-dimensional analogue, but (like all other star polyhedra and polychora) is analogous to the two-dimensional pentagram.
See also
List of regular polytopes
Convex regular 4-polytope
Kepler-Poinsot solids - regular star polyhedron
Star polygon - regular star polygons
References
Edmund Hess, (1883) Einleitung in die Lehre von der Kugelteilung mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Anwendung auf die Theorie der Gleichflächigen und der gleicheckigen Polyeder .
H. S. M. Coxeter, Regular Polytopes, 3rd. ed., Dover Publications, 1973. .
John H. Conway, Heidi Burgiel, Chaim Goodman-Strass, The Symmetries of Things 2008, (Chapter 26, Regular Star-polytopes, pp. 404–408)
External links
Regular polychora
Discussion on names
Reguläre Polytope
The Regular Star Polychora
4-polytopes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCahill | McCahill is a surname of Irish origin. The name refers to:
Persons
Crystal McCahill (born 1983), Playboy Playmate of the month May 2009
Jim McCahill (born 1939), English football chairman
Mark P. McCahill (born 1956), American developer of internet technology
Romy McCahill (born 1993), Scottish model and beauty pageant titleholder
Tom McCahill (1907–1975), American automotive journalist
See also
Cahill (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titli%20%282002%20film%29 | Titli ( "butterfly") is a 2002 Indian Bengali-language film by Rituparno Ghosh, starring Konkona Sen Sharma, Aparna Sen and Mithun Chakraborty.
The film tells the story of a developing adolescent, played by Konkona, and the sensitivity of a teenager, and also the portrayal of the mother-daughter relationship and quiet understanding within the pair.
Plot
The story develops around the evolution of Titli from a girl into womanhood, through the breaking of this crush. The dense jungles of Duars in north Bengal, covered in dense morning fog, sunshine playing hide-and-seek, Buddhist monasteries, the famous Darjeeling toy train, interleaved with poetry and music, create the romantic ambiance underpinning this film.
Titli is a 17-year-old girl (Konkona Sen Sharma), who has a teenage crush on a Bollywood superstar Rohit Roy (Mithun Chakraborty), who is more than twice her age. Though her bedroom is filled with his posters and memorabilia, Titli's mother Urmila (Aparna Sen) is surprised to learn that she could even marry this much older man.
Titli and Urmila are going by jeep to receive Titli's father (Dipankar De) from the airport. Along the scenic road from Kurseong to Siliguri, Urmila shares a nostalgic moment when she is reminded about her teenage crush on Rajesh Khanna after hearing Titli play the song "Meri Sapnon Ki Raani Kab Aayegi Tu". The jeep is to be shared, and as it happens, their co-passenger is none other than Rohit Roy himself, who has a flight to catch from Silig |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutta%E2%80%93Joukowski%20theorem | The Kutta–Joukowski theorem is a fundamental theorem in aerodynamics used for the calculation of lift of an airfoil (and any two-dimensional body including circular cylinders) translating in a uniform fluid at a constant speed large enough so that the flow seen in the body-fixed frame is steady and unseparated. The theorem relates the lift generated by an airfoil to the speed of the airfoil through the fluid, the density of the fluid and the circulation around the airfoil. The circulation is defined as the line integral around a closed loop enclosing the airfoil of the component of the velocity of the fluid tangent to the loop. It is named after Martin Kutta and Nikolai Zhukovsky (or Joukowski) who first developed its key ideas in the early 20th century. Kutta–Joukowski theorem is an inviscid theory, but it is a good approximation for real viscous flow in typical aerodynamic applications.
Kutta–Joukowski theorem relates lift to circulation much like the Magnus effect relates side force (called Magnus force) to rotation. However, the circulation here is not induced by rotation of the airfoil. The fluid flow in the presence of the airfoil can be considered to be the superposition of a translational flow and a rotating flow. This rotating flow is induced by the effects of camber, angle of attack and the sharp trailing edge of the airfoil. It should not be confused with a vortex like a tornado encircling the airfoil. At a large distance from the airfoil, the rotating flow m |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KKNI-FM | KKNI-FM is a commercial classic hits music radio station in Sterling, Alaska, broadcasting on 105.3 FM. Previous call signs were KPFN and KSWD-FM with a frequency of 105.9, but in 2007, the station relocated to 105.3 and the KSWD-FM call sign was assigned to a Los Angeles, California station.
KKNI-FM is owned by Matt Wilson, through licensee KSRM Radio Group, Inc.
References
External links
KNI-FM
Radio stations established in 1999
1999 establishments in Alaska |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Philippine%20provinces%20by%20population | This is a list of the Philippines' provinces sorted by population, based on the population census of August 1, 2015 conducted by the Philippine Statistics Authority.
Population of provinces in this list includes population of highly urbanized cities, which are administratively independent of the province.
Population counts for the regions do not add up to the national total.
2020 Census
2015 Census
2000 Census
Showing provinces existing at the time of census. Figures do not add up to total as population in disputed areas are added up to the next higher subdivision.
1995 Census
Showing provinces existing at the time of census.
1975 Census
Showing provinces existing at the time of census.
1903 Census
Showing provinces existing at the time of census.
See also
Demographics of the Philippines
Provinces of the Philippines
List of Philippine provinces by Human Development Index
References
Sources
Census 2000 Final Count
Population
Philippines, population |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement%20component%201q | The complement component 1q (or simply C1q) is a protein complex involved in the complement system, which is part of the innate immune system. C1q together with C1r and C1s form the C1 complex.
Antibodies of the adaptive immune system can bind antigen, forming an antigen-antibody complex. When C1q binds antigen-antibody complexes, the C1 complex becomes activated. Activation of the C1 complex initiates the classical complement pathway of the complement system. The antibodies IgM and all IgG subclasses except IgG4 are able to initiate the complement system.
Structure
C1q is a 460 kDa protein formed from 18 peptide chains in 3 subunits of 6. Each 6 peptide subunit consists of a Y-shaped pair of triple peptide helices joined at the stem and ending in a globular non-helical head.
The 80-amino acid helical component of each triple peptide contain many Gly-X-Y sequences, where X and Y are proline, isoleucine, or hydroxylysine; they, therefore, strongly resemble collagen fibrils.
C1q chains A, B and C
C1q is composed of 18 polypeptide chains: six A-chains, six B-chains, and six C-chains. Each chain contains a collagen-like region located near the N terminus and a C-terminal globular region. The A-, B-, and C-chains are arranged in the order A-C-B on chromosome 1.
Domain
The C1q domain is a conserved protein domain. C1q is a subunit of the C1 enzyme complex that activates the serum complement system. C1q comprises 6 A, 6 B and 6 C chains. These share the same topology, each pos |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C3%A4ngarna | Drängarna (The Farmhands) is a Swedish rock-pop/dansband that was formed in 1995, with group members are Peter i Österöd (Peter Simson), Sunna Robert, Lasse i Torp (Lars McLachlan) and Olav i Fossen (Olav Fossheim). Drängarna now consists of Johan i Backen (Johan Sahlén) on vocals, Sunna Robert (Robert Åhlin) on violin and vocals, and Olav i Fossen on the accordion.
"Vill du bli min fru" was their most well-known song in 1995. It was a number one chart single on the Billboard Sweden (GLF) Chart and charted on the Music & Media Eurochart Hot 100 Singles. The single sold around 35,000 copies and the album sold around 100,000 copies. Other hit songs include "Kung över ängarna" and "Snickerboa".
In September 2006, they released their album Himlen kan vänta, with hit songs "Raggaren", "Såpornas kung", and "Ei saa peittää".
They participated in Melodifestivalen 2020 with the song "Piga och dräng".
Legal issues
Drängarna's greatest hit song, "Vill du bli min fru", was subject to some controversy in 2002, when it was decided by the Supreme Court of Sweden that an eight-bar violin part was plagiarized from a song by the group Landslaget. This was the first copyright infringement case tried in Sweden. As a result, Drängarna's label Regatta was forced to pay damages and courtroom costs.
Discography
Singles
References
External links
Homepage
Swedish musical groups
Melodifestivalen contestants of 2020 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poikilitic%20texture | Poikilitic texture refers to igneous rocks where large later-formed less perfect crystals ('oikocrysts') surround smaller early-formed idiomorphic crystals ('chadacrysts') of other minerals. A poikilitic texture is most easily observed in petrographic thin sections.
In some rocks there seems to be little tendency for the minerals to envelop one another. This is true of many gabbros, aplites and granites. The grains then lie side by side, with the faces of the latter moulded on or adapted to the more perfect crystalline outlines of the earlier.
Ophitic
A variety of poikilitic texture, known as ophitic texture, is where laths of plagioclase are enclosed in pyroxene, olivine or other minerals. It is very characteristic of many diabases, in which large crystals of augite enclose smaller laths of plagioclase feldspar. Biotite and hornblende frequently enclose feldspar ophitically; less commonly iron oxides and sphene do so. In peridotites the "lustre-mottled" structure arises from pyroxene or hornblende enveloping olivine in the same manner. In these cases no crystallographic relation exists between the two minerals (enclosing and enclosed).
See also
List of rock textures
Poikiloblast
References
Igneous petrology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kryszta%C5%82y%20Czasu | Kryształy Czasu (Crystals of Time) was one of the first Polish role-playing games.
It was released in 1993 by Artur Szyndler in the Magia i Miecz magazine. By this point the game already had a loyal fan base which had developed during the late Communist era, despite the game's association with western ideas in the eyes of Poland's Communist government. In 1998 a print edition was released by Wydawnictwo MAG. The setting was a fantasy world, dominated by the orcs - who, unlike in most fantasy settings, were the most advanced and civilized race. The game mechanic was based on d100. Players of the 1993 version provided test data for the use of more varied character types in the 1998 version, including a better understanding of the unique aspects of female characters.
References
External links
www.kryształyczasu.pl – unofficial system web page (in Polish).
Reviews
Adam Waskiewicz, Kryształy czasu. Nestor polskiego rpg, 8 January 2010, polter.pl
Polish role-playing games
Fantasy role-playing games
Role-playing games introduced in 1993 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalicum | Crystalicum is a Polish role-playing game released in 2006. It is set in a fantasy universe (with magic and such) but involving outer space environment (thus similar to the Spelljammer game). Much of the art is manga-style.
There is also a collectible card game of the same name set in this universe, released in 2005.
The card game consists of a Crystalicum: Crystal Edition basic set ("Crystalicum: Edycja Kryształowa") and two expansions - Under Set Sails ("Pod Pełnymi Żaglami") and Stronger than the Sword ("Silniejsze od Miecza"). The preparation of a second edition set - Crystalicum: War of Shadows ("Crystalicum: Wojna Cieni") has been announced on the game's forum by one of the people affiliated with the project.
The role-playing game features The Known Universe ("Znany Wszechświat") - a guide to the game's setting in the form of the memoirs of Marco di Mirandeo and a player's handbook ("Crystalicum: Kryształowa Gra Fabularna"). For some time it looked as if the RPG part of the project would come to a halt, with the news/rumour of one of the authors leaving and taking the copyrights for unreleased material with him, but the publication of the game master's guide has been announced recently for 2008.
The Setting
The Worlds
The game features numerous planets for the GM to use as a setting for his party's adventures, and since quite a number of maps depicting formerly charted space have been lost, new ones can be added as one wills it.
In-game they are called worlds, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy%27s%20safety-first%20criterion | Roy's safety-first criterion is a risk management technique, devised by A. D. Roy, that allows an investor to select one portfolio rather than another based on the criterion that the probability of the portfolio's return falling below a minimum desired threshold is minimized.
For example, suppose there are two available investment strategies—portfolio A and portfolio B, and suppose the investor's threshold return level (the minimum return that the investor is willing to tolerate) is −1%. Then, the investor would choose the portfolio that would provide the maximum probability of the portfolio return being at least as high as −1%.
Thus, the problem of an investor using Roy's safety criterion can be summarized symbolically as:
where is the probability of (the actual return of asset i) being less than (the minimum acceptable return).
Normally distributed return and SFRatio
If the portfolios under consideration have normally distributed returns, Roy's safety-first criterion can be reduced to the maximization of the safety-first ratio, defined by:
where is the expected return (the mean return) of the portfolio, is the standard deviation of the portfolio's return and is the minimum acceptable return.
Example
If Portfolio A has an expected return of 10% and standard deviation of 15%, while portfolio B has a mean return of 8% and a standard deviation of 5%, and the investor is willing to invest in a portfolio that maximizes the probability of a return no lower than 0%: |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim%20Al-Ghanim | Ibrahim Al-Ghanim (born June 27, 1983) is a retired Qatari footballer. He played as a defender.
Al-Ghanim was also a member of the Qatar national football team.
Club career statistics
Statistics accurate as of 21 August 2011
1Includes Emir of Qatar Cup.
2Includes Sheikh Jassem Cup.
3Includes AFC Champions League.
International goals
References
External links
FIFA.com profile
Goalzz.com profile
1983 births
Living people
Qatari men's footballers
Qatar men's international footballers
Al-Arabi SC (Qatar) players
2007 AFC Asian Cup players
2011 AFC Asian Cup players
Qatar Stars League players
Al-Gharafa SC players
Asian Games medalists in football
Footballers at the 2002 Asian Games
Footballers at the 2006 Asian Games
Asian Games gold medalists for Qatar
Men's association football defenders
Medalists at the 2006 Asian Games |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilar%20crest | The basilar crest lies within the cochlear duct in the inner ear. It gives attachment to the outer edge of the basilar membrane and is a spiral ligament that projects inward below as a triangular prominence.
References
Auditory system |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulcus%20spiralis%20internus | On the upper plate of that part of the lamina which is outside the vestibular membrane, the periosteum is thickened to form the spiral limbus, this ends externally in a concavity, the sulcus spiralis internus, which represents, on section, the form of the letter C.
References
External links
Histology at uc.edu
Ear |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulcus%20spiralis%20externus | The basilar crest gives attachment to the outer edge of the basilar membrane; immediately above the crest is a concavity, the sulcus spiralis externus.
References
Ear |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normality%20test | In statistics, normality tests are used to determine if a data set is well-modeled by a normal distribution and to compute how likely it is for a random variable underlying the data set to be normally distributed.
More precisely, the tests are a form of model selection, and can be interpreted several ways, depending on one's interpretations of probability:
In descriptive statistics terms, one measures a goodness of fit of a normal model to the data – if the fit is poor then the data are not well modeled in that respect by a normal distribution, without making a judgment on any underlying variable.
In frequentist statistics statistical hypothesis testing, data are tested against the null hypothesis that it is normally distributed.
In Bayesian statistics, one does not "test normality" per se, but rather computes the likelihood that the data come from a normal distribution with given parameters μ,σ (for all μ,σ), and compares that with the likelihood that the data come from other distributions under consideration, most simply using a Bayes factor (giving the relative likelihood of seeing the data given different models), or more finely taking a prior distribution on possible models and parameters and computing a posterior distribution given the computed likelihoods.
A normality test is used to determine whether sample data has been drawn from a normally distributed population (within some tolerance). A number of statistical tests, such as the Student's t-test and the one-wa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesaad%20Al-Hamad | Mesaad Ali Al-Hamad (born February 11, 1986) is a Qatari footballer who plays as a right defender . He is a member of the Qatar national football team. He was born in Qatar.
Club career statistics
Statistics accurate as of 21 August 2011
1Includes Emir of Qatar Cup.
2Includes Sheikh Jassem Cup.
3Includes AFC Champions League.
References
External links
Player Tactical Profile at football-lineups.com
Player profile - doha-2006.com
1986 births
Living people
Qatari men's footballers
Qatar men's international footballers
Al Sadd SC players
Al Ahli SC (Doha) players
Umm Salal SC players
Al-Wakrah SC players
Al Shahaniya SC players
Muaither SC players
Yemeni emigrants to Qatar
2007 AFC Asian Cup players
2011 AFC Asian Cup players
Qatar Stars League players
Qatari Second Division players
Naturalised citizens of Qatar
Asian Games medalists in football
Footballers at the 2006 Asian Games
Asian Games gold medalists for Qatar
Men's association football defenders
Medalists at the 2006 Asian Games |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed%20Rabia%20Al-Noobi | Mohammed Rabia Jamaan Al-Noobi (, born 10 May 1981), commonly known as Mohammed Rabia, is an Omani footballer who plays for Dhofar S.C.S.C.
Club career statistics
International career
Mohammed was part of the first team squad of the Oman national football team from 2001 to 2010. He was selected for the national team for the first time in 2001. He has made appearances in the 2003 Gulf Cup of Nations, the 2004 Gulf Cup of Nations, the 2004 AFC Asian Cup qualification, the 2004 AFC Asian Cup, the 2007 Gulf Cup of Nations, the 2007 AFC Asian Cup qualification, the 2007 AFC Asian Cup, the 2010 Gulf Cup of Nations and the 2011 AFC Asian Cup qualification.
FIFA World Cup Qualification
Mohammed has made seven appearances in the 2002 FIFA World Cup qualification, five in the 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification and five in the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification.
References
External links
1981 births
Living people
Omani men's footballers
Oman men's international footballers
Omani expatriate men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
2004 AFC Asian Cup players
2007 AFC Asian Cup players
Dhofar Club players
Kazma SC players
Al Wehda FC players
Al Sadd SC players
Al Ahli SC (Doha) players
Saudi Pro League players
Qatar Stars League players
Expatriate men's footballers in Kuwait
Omani expatriate sportspeople in Kuwait
Expatriate men's footballers in Saudi Arabia
Omani expatriate sportspeople in Saudi Arabia
Expatriate men's footballers in Qatar
Omani expatriate sports |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed%20Al-Hinai | Mohammed Mubarak Suwaid Al-Hinai (; born 19 July 1984), is an Omani footballer who plays for Fanja SC.
Club career statistics
International career
Mohammed was selected for the national team for the first time in 1999. He has made appearances in the 2003 Gulf Cup of Nations, the 2004 Gulf Cup of Nations, the 2004 AFC Asian Cup qualification, the 2004 AFC Asian Cup, the 2007 Gulf Cup of Nations and the 2007 AFC Asian Cup qualification and the 2007 AFC Asian Cup.
He also played at the 2001 FIFA U-17 World Championship in Trinidad and Tobago and scored two goals, one in a 1-2 loss against Spain and another in a 1-1 draw against Burkina Faso
FIFA World Cup Qualification
Mohammed has made three appearances in the 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification and six in the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification.
In the 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification, he scored a brace in the 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC second round|second round]] in a 5-1 win over India.
In the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification, he scored one goal in the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC first round|first round]] in a 2-0 win over Nepal.
National team career statistics
Goals for Senior National Team
Honours
Club
With Fanja
Oman Professional League (1): 2011–12; Runner-Up 2012–13, 2013-14
Sultan Qaboos Cup (1): 2013-14
Oman Professional League Cup (1): 2014-15
Oman Super Cup (1): 2012; Runner-Up 2013, 2014
References
External links
Mohamed Al Hinai at Goal.com
1984 births
Living people
Spo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leray%E2%80%93Hirsch%20theorem | In mathematics, the Leray–Hirsch theorem is a basic result on the algebraic topology of fiber bundles. It is named after Jean Leray and Guy Hirsch, who independently proved it in the late 1940s. It can be thought of as a mild generalization of the Künneth formula, which computes the cohomology of a product space as a tensor product of the cohomologies of the direct factors. It is a very special case of the Leray spectral sequence.
Statement
Setup
Let
be a fibre bundle with fibre . Assume that for each degree , the singular cohomology rational vector space
is finite-dimensional, and that the inclusion
induces a surjection in rational cohomology
.
Consider a section of this surjection
,
by definition, this map satisfies
.
The Leray–Hirsch isomorphism
The Leray–Hirsch theorem states that the linear map
is an isomorphism of -modules.
Statement in coordinates
In other words, if for every , there exist classes
that restrict, on each fiber , to a basis of the cohomology in degree , the map given below is then an isomorphism of modules.
where is a basis for and thus, induces a basis for
Notes
Fiber bundles
Theorems in algebraic topology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper%28I%29%20acetylide | Copper(I) acetylide, or cuprous acetylide, is a chemical compound with the formula Cu2C2. Although never characterized by X-ray crystallography, the material has been claimed at least since 1856. One form is claimed to be a monohydrate with formula . is a reddish-brown explosive powder.
Synthesis
Materials purported to be copper acetylide can be prepared by treating acetylene with a solution of copper(I) chloride and ammonia:
C2H2 (g) + 2 CuCl (s) → Cu2C2 (s) + 2 HCl (g)
This reaction produces a reddish solid precipitate.
Properties
When dry, copper acetylide is a heat and shock sensitive primary explosive, more sensitive than silver acetylide.
In acetylene manufacturing plants, copper acetylide is thought to form inside pipes made of copper or an alloy with high copper content, which may result in violent explosion. This led to abandonment of copper as a construction material in such facilities. Copper catalysts used in the chemical industry can also possess a degree of risk under certain conditions.
Reactions
Copper acetylide is the substrate of Glaser coupling for the formation of polyynes. In a typical reaction, a suspension of . in an amoniacal solution is treated with air. The copper is oxidized to and forms a blue soluble complex with the ammonia, leaving behind a black solid residue. The latter has been claimed to consist of carbyne, an elusive allotrope of carbon:<ref name=cataldo2>Franco Cataldo (1999), ' 'A study on the structure and electrical properti |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CTGF | CTGF, also known as CCN2 or connective tissue growth factor, is a matricellular protein of the CCN family of extracellular matrix-associated heparin-binding proteins (see also CCN intercellular signaling protein). CTGF has important roles in many biological processes, including cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, angiogenesis, skeletal development, and tissue wound repair, and is critically involved in fibrotic disease and several forms of cancers.
Structure and binding partners
Members of the CCN protein family, including CTGF, are structurally characterized by having four conserved, cysteine-rich domains. These domains are, from N- to C-termini, the insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) domain, the von Willebrand type C repeats (vWC) domain, the thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR) domain, and a C-terminal domain (CT) with a cysteine knot motif. CTGF exerts its functions by binding to various cell surface receptors in a context-dependent manner, including integrin receptors, cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), LRPs, and TrkA. In addition, CTGF also binds growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins. The N-terminal half of CTGF interacts with aggrecan, the TSR domain interacts with VEGF, and the CT domain interacts with members of the TGF-β superfamily, fibronectin, perlecan, fibulin-1, slit, and mucins.
Role in development
Knockout mice with the Ctgf gene disrupted die at birth due to respiratory stress as a result of severe chondr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot%20plot%20%28statistics%29 | A dot chart or dot plot is a statistical chart consisting of data points plotted on a fairly simple scale, typically using filled in circles. There are two common, yet very different, versions of the dot chart. The first has been used in hand-drawn (pre-computer era) graphs to depict distributions going back to 1884. The other version is described by William S. Cleveland as an alternative to the bar chart, in which dots are used to depict the quantitative values (e.g. counts) associated with categorical variables.
Of a distribution
The dot plot as a representation of a distribution consists of group of data points plotted on a simple scale. Dot plots are used for continuous, quantitative, univariate data. Data points may be labelled if there are few of them.
Dot plots are one of the simplest statistical plots, and are suitable for small to moderate sized data sets. They are useful for highlighting clusters and gaps, as well as outliers. Their other advantage is the conservation of numerical information. When dealing with larger data sets (around 20–30 or more data points) the related stemplot, box plot or histogram may be more efficient, as dot plots may become too cluttered after this point. Dot plots may be distinguished from histograms in that dots are not spaced uniformly along the horizontal axis.
Although the plot appears to be simple, its computation and the statistical theory underlying it are not simple. The algorithm for computing a dot plot is closely related t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan%20Zaher%20Al-Maghni | Hassan Zaher Al-Maghni (; born 7 January 1985), commonly known as Hassan Zaher, is an Omani footballer who plays for Al-Nasr S.C.S.C.
Club career statistics
International career
Hassan was selected for the national team for the first time in 2006. He has made appearances in the 2007 AFC Asian Cup qualification.
References
External links
Hassan Zaher Al Maghni at Goal.com
1985 births
Living people
Omani men's footballers
Oman men's international footballers
Omani expatriate men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Al-Nasr SC (Salalah) players
Salalah SC players
Expatriate men's footballers in Bahrain
Omani expatriate sportspeople in Bahrain
Footballers at the 2006 Asian Games
Asian Games competitors for Oman
Sportspeople from Muscat, Oman |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guatemala%20Biodiversity | According to Parkswatch and the IUCN, Guatemala is considered the fifth biodiversity hotspot in the world. The country has 14 ecoregions ranging from mangrove forest (4 species), in both ocean littorals, dry forests and scrublands in the eastern highlands, subtropical and tropical rain forests, wetlands, cloud forests in the Verapaz region, mixed forests and pine forests in the highlands.
Over one third of Guatemala (36.3% or about 39,380 km²) is forested (2005). About half of the forests (49.7% or roughly 19,570 km²) is classified as primary forest which is considered the most biodiverse forest type. Tree species include 17 conifers (pines, cypress, including the endemic Abies guatemalensis), the most in any tropical region of the world.
Guatemala has 7 wetlands of international importance that were included in the Ramsar List.
Guatemala has some 1246 known species of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles according to figures from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Of these, 6.7% are endemic, meaning they exist in no other country, and 8.1% are threatened species. It is also home to at least 8681 species of vascular plants, of which 13.5% are endemic. 5.4% of the country is protected under IUCN categories I-V.
With a total of 123 protected areas and more than 29% of the territory declared a protected area, Guatemala has the largest percentage of protected areas in Central America. Tikal National Park, which was created in 1955, was the first mixed UNESCO World |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HPCA | HPCA may refer to:
High Performance Computing Act of 1991, a U.S. act of Congress
Himachal Pradesh Cricket Association, a sports body in India
HPCA (gene), which encodes the protein hippocalcin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WRYT | WRYT is a radio station broadcasting out of Edwardsville, Illinois with a Catholic format. It broadcasts on AM frequency 1080 kHz and is part of the Covenant Network.
Because WRYT shares the same frequency as "clear channel" station KRLD in Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas, the station broadcast during the daytime hours only until April 9, 2014.
WRYT's studios are located on Hampton Avenue in St. Louis, while its transmitter is located near Edwardsville.
History
WRYT went on the air November 9, 1987, but while the station promoted itself as WRYT in local media, its callsign was legally WHRC (standing for original owners Horizon Radio Corporation) until February 4, 1988, when it exchanged call letters with TV channel 46 in Norwell, Massachusetts, which founder Bob Howe also owned. As a commercial station, WRYT broadcast adult standards music and news programming aimed at listeners in Edwardsville and Madison County, Illinois.
The station was sold in 1992 to the Hometown Broadcasting Company, owned by Tom Lauher, of Creve Coeur, Missouri. Five years later, he sold the station to Covenant founder Tony Holman, whom he found "more serious and interested and less on a fishing expedition". Covenant Network began operating WRYT, its first station on May 1, 1997.
References
External links
The Covenant Network
WRYT / KHOJ Programming Schedule
Catholic radio stations
RYT
Radio stations established in 1987
1987 establishments in Illinois |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZyMOS | ZyMOS Corporation (its name a partial acronym for Zirconium Metal Oxide Semiconductors), later Appian Technology, Inc., was a semiconductor manufacturing company located in Sunnyvale, California. It initially designed and manufactured custom and semi-custom integrated circuits. After the introduction of the IBM PC in the early 1980s, there was strong customer demand for ICs to support the production of IBM PC-AT clones.
In 1987, Appian responded to this demand by developing the POACH (PC-On-A-Chip) peripheral series, one of the first chipsets of its kind, enabling manufacturers of PC AT clones to simplify PC motherboard designs and reduce cost and time to market. Intel soon licensed this chipset to support Intel 80286 sales.
Intel second-sourced to Zymos Corp. of these 82230/82231 High Integration AT-Compatible Chip Set.
Appian later introduced a complementary line of VGA integrated circuits to support manufacturers of VGA boards. Appian later introduced its own line of VGA boards.
ZyMOS was founded in 1978 and changed its name to Appian Technology Inc. on November 1, 1990, just after an acquisition of Renaissance GRX, which was based in Redmond, Washington. This merger helped to add to Appian's line of advanced VGA boards and software.
See also
Chips and Technologies
NEAT chipset
List of Intel chipsets
References
http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0NEW/is_1990_August_10/ai_9500113
http://www.plasma-online.de/index.html?content=http%3A//www.plasma-online.c |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current%20differencing%20transconductance%20amplifier | Current differencing transconductance amplifier (CDTA) is a new active circuit element.
Properties
The CDTA is not free from parasitic input capacitances and it can operate in a wide frequency range due to current-mode operation. Some voltage and current mode applications using this element have already been reported in literature, particularly from the area of frequency filtering: general higher-order filters, biquad circuits, all-pass sections, gyrators, simulation of grounded and floating inductances and LCR ladder structures. Other studies propose CDTA-based high-frequency oscillators. Nonlinear CDTA applications are also expected, particularly precise rectifiers, current-mode Schmitt triggers for measuring purposes and signal generation, current-mode multipliers, etc.
Basic operation
The CDTA element with its schematic symbol in Fig 1 has a pair of low-impedance current inputs and p, n and an auxiliary terminal z, whose outgoing current is the difference of input currents. Here, output terminal currents are equal in magnitude, but flow in opposite directions, and the product of transconductance () and the voltage at the z terminal gives their magnitudes. Therefore, this active element can be characterized with the following equations:
,
,
,
.
where and is the external impedance connected to z terminal of the CDTA. CDTA can be thought as a combination of a current differencing unit followed by a dual-output operational transconductance amplifier, DO-OTA. Ideally, t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EDG | EDG may refer to:
Science and medicine
Electron donating group, a category in chemistry
Electrodermograph, a measuring device for skin
Elevational diversity gradient, an ecological pattern
Endothelial differentiation gene, a family of integral membrane proteins
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, a diagnostic procedure
Transport
Eden Gardens railway station, in Kolkata, India
Edge Hill railway station, in Liverpool, England
Weide Army Airfield, in Maryland, United States
Other uses
Edison Design Group, an American software company
Edward Gaming, a Chinese esports organization
Emergency diesel generator, an independent source of electrical power
European Democrats, a party group in the European Parliament
European Democrat Group, a party group in the Council of Europe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common%20species | Common species and uncommon species are designations used in ecology to describe the population status of a species. Commonness is closely related to abundance. Abundance refers to the frequency with which a species is found in controlled samples; in contrast, species are defined as common or uncommon based on their overall presence in the environment. A species may be locally abundant without being common.
However, "common" and "uncommon" are also sometimes used to describe levels of abundance, with a common species being less abundant than an abundant species, while an uncommon species is more abundant than a rare species.
Common species are frequently regarded as being at low risk of extinction simply because they exist in large numbers, and hence their conservation status is often overlooked. While this is broadly logical, there are several cases of once common species being driven to extinction such as the passenger pigeon and the Rocky Mountain locust, which numbered in the billions and trillions respectively before their demise. Moreover, a small proportional decline in a common species results in the loss of a large number of individuals, and the contribution to ecosystem function that those individuals represented. A recent paper argued that because common species shape ecosystems, contribute disproportionately to ecosystem functioning, and can show rapid population declines, conservation should look more closely at how the trade-off between species extinctions |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertram%20Eugene%20Warren | Bertram Eugene Warren (June 28, 1902 – June 27, 1991) was an American crystallographer. His studies of X-rays provided much knowledge and understanding of both crystalline and non-crystalline materials. He also worked on changing amorphous solids to a crystalline state.
References
American mineralogists
American crystallographers
1902 births
1991 deaths
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahum%20M.%20Sarna | Nahum Mattathias Sarna (Hebrew: נחום סרנא; March 27, 1923 – June 23, 2005) was a modern biblical scholar who is best known for the study of Genesis and Exodus represented in his Understanding Genesis (1966) and in his contributions to the first two volumes of the JPS Torah Commentary (1989/91). He was also part of the translation team for the Kethuvim section of the Jewish Publication Society's translation of the Bible, known as New Jewish Publication Society of America Version.
Biography
Nahum Sarna was born in London in 1923 to Jacob J. Sarna and Milly (Horonzick) Sarna, and received his M.A. from the University of London in 1946, and a degree from Jews College in 1947. He married Hebrew College librarian Helen Horowitz on March 23, 1947, and was a Lecturer at University College London from 1946 to 1949. He made aliyah to Israel in 1949, hoping to study at Hebrew University, but they were not accepting students for doctorates. Sarna emigrated to the United States in 1951, and received his Ph.D. from Dropsie College for Hebrew and Cognate Learning in 1955. He studied at various times under Cyrus Gordon, Isidore Epstein and Arthur Marmorstein, and was strongly influenced by the work of Yehezkel Kaufmann (as can be seen, for example, in his discussion of apostolic prophecy on p.xxviii of Understanding Genesis.)
He was a lecturer at Gratz College in Philadelphia from 1951 to 1957, a librarian and then associate professor of Bible at the Jewish Theological Seminary of Am |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilithium%20%28Star%20Trek%29 | In the Star Trek fictional universe, dilithium is an invented material which serves as a controlling agent in the matter-antimatter reactors. In the original series, dilithium crystals were rare and could not be replicated, making the search for them a recurring plot element. According to a periodic table shown during a Next Generation episode, it has the atomic number 87 (which in reality belongs to francium), and the chemical symbol Dt.
In reality, dilithium (Li) is a molecule composed of two covalently bonded lithium atoms which exists naturally in gaseous lithium.
Dilithium is depicted as a valuable, extremely hard crystalline mineral that occurs naturally on some planets.
Use
The fictional properties of the material in the authors' guide Star Trek: The Next Generation Technical Manual (1991) explain it as uniquely suited to contain and regulate the annihilation reaction of matter and antimatter in a starship's warp core: In a high-frequency electromagnetic field, eddy currents are induced in the dilithium crystal structure which keep charged particles away from the crystal lattice. This prevents it from coming in contact with antimatter when so energized, hence never annihilating, because the antimatter particles never actually touch it.
In the original series, dilithium crystals were rare, and crystals made by replicator were unsatisfactory for use in warp drives.
Hence story lines based on the need for natural dilithium crystals for interstellar travel – much like |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flap%20endonuclease | Flap endonucleases (FENs, also known as 5' durgs in older references) are a class of nucleolytic enzymes that act as both 5'-3' exonucleases and structure-specific endonucleases on specialised DNA structures that occur during the biological processes of DNA replication, DNA repair, and DNA recombination. Flap endonucleases have been identified in eukaryotes, prokaryotes, archaea, and some viruses. Organisms can have more than one FEN homologue; this redundancy may give an indication of the importance of these enzymes. In prokaryotes, the FEN enzyme is found as an N-terminal domain of DNA polymerase I, but some prokaryotes appear to encode a second homologue.
The endonuclease activity of FENs was initially identified as acting on a DNA duplex which has a single-stranded 5' overhang on one of the strands (termed a "5' flap", hence the name flap endonuclease). FENs catalyse hydrolytic cleavage of the phosphodiester bond at the junction of single- and double-stranded DNA. Some FENs can also act as 5'-3' exonucleases on the 5' terminus of the flap strand and on 'nicked' DNA substrates.
Protein structure models based on X-ray crystallography data suggest that FENs have a flexible arch created by two α-helices through which the single 5' strand of the 5' flap structure can thread.
Flap endonucleases have been used in biotechnology, for example the Taqman PCR assay and the Invader Assay for mutation and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection.
See also
Endonucleases
Ref |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shallow%20water%20equations | The shallow-water equations (SWE) are a set of hyperbolic partial differential equations (or parabolic if viscous shear is considered) that describe the flow below a pressure surface in a fluid (sometimes, but not necessarily, a free surface). The shallow-water equations in unidirectional form are also called Saint-Venant equations, after Adhémar Jean Claude Barré de Saint-Venant (see the related section below).
The equations are derived from depth-integrating the Navier–Stokes equations, in the case where the horizontal length scale is much greater than the vertical length scale. Under this condition, conservation of mass implies that the vertical velocity scale of the fluid is small compared to the horizontal velocity scale. It can be shown from the momentum equation that vertical pressure gradients are nearly hydrostatic, and that horizontal pressure gradients are due to the displacement of the pressure surface, implying that the horizontal velocity field is constant throughout the depth of the fluid. Vertically integrating allows the vertical velocity to be removed from the equations. The shallow-water equations are thus derived.
While a vertical velocity term is not present in the shallow-water equations, note that this velocity is not necessarily zero. This is an important distinction because, for example, the vertical velocity cannot be zero when the floor changes depth, and thus if it were zero only flat floors would be usable with the shallow-water equations |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McConnell%20Peak | McConnell Peak is a mountain in the Sierra Nevada mountain range at the north end of the Crystal Mountains, to the west of Lake Tahoe. It is located in the Desolation Wilderness in El Dorado County, California.
References
Mountains of the Desolation Wilderness
Mountains of El Dorado County, California
Mountains of Northern California |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycosome | The glycosome is a membrane-enclosed organelle that contains the glycolytic enzymes. The term was first used by Scott and Still in 1968 after they realized that the glycogen in the cell was not static but rather a dynamic molecule. It is found in a few species of protozoa including the Kinetoplastida which include the suborders Trypanosomatida and Bodonina, most notably in the human pathogenic trypanosomes, which can cause sleeping sickness, Chagas's disease, and leishmaniasis. The organelle is bounded by a single membrane and contains a dense proteinaceous matrix. It is believed to have evolved from the peroxisome. This has been verified by work done on Leishmania genetics.
The glycosome is currently being researched as a possible target for drug therapies.
Glycosomes are unique to kinetoplastids and their sister diplonemids. The term glycosome is also used for glycogen-containing structures found in hepatocytes responsible for storing sugar, but these are not membrane bound organelles.
Structure
Glycosomes are composed of glycogen and proteins. The proteins are the enzymes that are associated with the metabolism of glycogen. These proteins and glycogen form a complex to make a distinct and separate organelle. The proteins for glycosomes are imported from free cytosolic ribosomes. The proteins imported into the organelle have a specific sequence, a PTS1 ending sequence to make sure they go to the right place. They are similar to alpha-granules in the cytosol of a cell tha |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver%20Peak%20%28El%20Dorado%20County%2C%20California%29 | Silver Peak is a mountain in the Sierra Nevada mountain range at the north end of the Crystal Mountains, to the east of Lake Tahoe. It is located in the Desolation Wilderness in El Dorado County, California.
External links
References
Mountains of the Desolation Wilderness
Mountains of El Dorado County, California
Mountains of Northern California |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.