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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishaq%20Shahryar | Ishaq M. Shahryar (January 10, 1936 – April 12, 2009) was the inventor of the low-cost photovoltaic cell and the first Afghan ambassador to the United States since the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. New Scientist named Shahryar "the Sun King," recognizing his virtual invention of solar power as a serious energ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically%20modified%20food | Genetically modified foods (GM foods), also known as genetically engineered foods (GE foods), or bioengineered foods are foods produced from organisms that have had changes introduced into their DNA using various methods of genetic engineering. Genetic engineering techniques allow for the introduction of new traits as ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20engineering | Protein engineering is the process of developing useful or valuable proteins through the design and production of unnatural polypeptides, often by altering amino acid sequences found in nature. It is a young discipline, with much research taking place into the understanding of protein folding and recognition for protei... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation%20biology | Conservation biology is the study of the conservation of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the pra... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioregion | A bioregion is an ecologically and geographically defined area that is smaller than a biogeographic realm, but larger than an ecoregion or an ecosystem, in the World Wide Fund for Nature classification scheme. There is also an attempt to use the term in a rank-less generalist sense, similar to the terms "biogeographic ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Tilden | Mark W. Tilden is a robotics physicist who produces complex robotic movements from simple analog logic circuits, often with discrete electronic components, and usually without a microprocessor. He is controversial because of his libertarian Tilden's Laws of Robotics, and is known for his invention of BEAM robotics and ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BEAM%20robotics | BEAM robotics (from biology, electronics, aesthetics and mechanics) is a style of robotics that primarily uses simple analogue circuits, such as comparators, instead of a microprocessor in order to produce an unusually simple design. While not as flexible as microprocessor based robotics, BEAM robotics can be robust an... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycome | The glycome is the entire complement of sugars, whether free or present in more complex molecules, of an organism. An alternative definition is the entirety of carbohydrates in a cell. The glycome may in fact be one of the most complex entities in nature. "Glycomics, analogous to genomics and proteomics, is the systema... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YP | YP may refer to:
YP (rapper), (born Pio Misa), Australian rapper and part of Australian drill and rap group Onefour
Yard patrol boat, a type of training craft, by US Navy hull classification symbol
Yellow Pages (computing), former name of the Network Information Service protocol
Yersinia pestis, a bacterium that ca... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agroecosystem | Agroecosystems are the ecosystems supporting the food production systems in farms and gardens. As the name implies, at the core of an agroecosystem lies the human activity of agriculture. As such they are the basic unit of study in Agroecology, and Regenerative Agriculture using ecological approaches.
Like other ecosy... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EDA | EDA or Eda may refer to:
Computing
Electronic design automation
Enterprise Desktop Alliance, a computer technology consortium
Enterprise digital assistant
Estimation of distribution algorithm
Event-driven architecture
Exploratory data analysis
Government and politics
Economic Development Administration, an a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inline%20expansion | In computing, inline expansion, or inlining, is a manual or compiler optimization that replaces a function call site with the body of the called function. Inline expansion is similar to macro expansion, but occurs during compilation, without changing the source code (the text), while macro expansion occurs prior to com... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability%20vector | In mathematics and statistics, a probability vector or stochastic vector is a vector with non-negative entries that add up to one.
The positions (indices) of a probability vector represent the possible outcomes of a discrete random variable, and the vector gives us the probability mass function of that random variable... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stochastic%20matrix | In mathematics, a stochastic matrix is a square matrix used to describe the transitions of a Markov chain. Each of its entries is a nonnegative real number representing a probability. It is also called a probability matrix, transition matrix, substitution matrix, or Markov matrix. The stochastic matrix was first develo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timestamp-based%20concurrency%20control | In computer science, a timestamp-based concurrency control algorithm is a non-lock concurrency control method. It is used in some databases to safely handle transactions, using timestamps.
Operation
Assumptions
Every timestamp value is unique and accurately represents an instant in time.
A higher-valued timestamp o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeridinae | In the botanical classification of plants, Aeridinae Pfitzer (formerly Sarcanthinae) is a subtribe of the tribe Vandeae (Family Orchidaceae) whose representatives all have a monopodial growth habit and do not possess pseudobulbs.
This subtribe is a monophyletic group within Vandeae, and it contains more than 1,300 spe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythropoietin | Erythropoietin (; EPO), also known as erythropoetin, haematopoietin, or haemopoietin, is a glycoprotein cytokine secreted mainly by the kidneys in response to cellular hypoxia; it stimulates red blood cell production (erythropoiesis) in the bone marrow. Low levels of EPO (around 10 mU/mL) are constantly secreted in su... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics%20and%20Statistics%20Administration | The Economics and Statistics Administration (ESA) was an agency within the United States Department of Commerce (DOC) that analyzed, disseminated, and reported on national economic and demographic data.
Its three primary missions were the following:
Release and disseminate U.S. National Economic Indicators.
Oversee ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau%20of%20Economic%20Analysis | The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) of the United States Department of Commerce is a U.S. government agency that provides official macroeconomic and industry statistics, most notably reports about the gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States and its various units—states, cities/towns/townships/villages/count... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristic%20equation | Characteristic equation may refer to:
Characteristic equation (calculus), used to solve linear differential equations
Characteristic equation, the equation obtained by equating to zero the characteristic polynomial of a matrix or of a linear mapping
Method of characteristics, a technique for solving partial differen... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymorphic%20code | In computing, polymorphic code is code that uses a polymorphic engine to mutate while keeping the original algorithm intact - that is, the code changes itself every time it runs, but the function of the code (its semantics) will not change at all. For example, the simple math expressions 3+1 and 6-2 both achieve the sa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical%20potential | In thermodynamics, the chemical potential of a species is the energy that can be absorbed or released due to a change of the particle number of the given species, e.g. in a chemical reaction or phase transition. The chemical potential of a species in a mixture is defined as the rate of change of free energy of a thermo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Crystal%20Method | The Crystal Method is an American electronic music act formed in Las Vegas, Nevada, by Ken Jordan and Scott Kirkland in the early 1990s. They were pioneers of the big beat genre and their music has appeared in numerous TV shows, films, video games, and advertisements. Their 1997 debut studio album Vegas was certified p... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic%20block | In compiler construction, a basic block is a straight-line code sequence with no branches in except to the entry and no branches out except at the exit. This restricted form makes a basic block highly amenable to analysis. Compilers usually decompose programs into their basic blocks as a first step in the analysis proc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamla%20stan | Gamla stan (, "The Old Town"), until 1980 officially Staden mellan broarna ("The Town between the Bridges"), is the old town of Stockholm, Sweden. Gamla stan consists primarily of the island Stadsholmen. Officially, but not colloquially, Gamla stan includes the surrounding islets Riddarholmen, Helgeandsholmen and Ström... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressible%20flow | Compressible flow (or gas dynamics) is the branch of fluid mechanics that deals with flows having significant changes in fluid density. While all flows are compressible, flows are usually treated as being incompressible when the Mach number (the ratio of the speed of the flow to the speed of sound) is smaller than 0.3 ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Draper%20Catalogue | The Henry Draper Catalogue (HD) is an astronomical star catalogue published between 1918 and 1924, giving spectroscopic classifications for 225,300 stars; it was later expanded by the Henry Draper Extension (HDE), published between 1925 and 1936, which gave classifications for 46,850 more stars, and by the Henry Draper... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codon%20usage%20bias | Codon usage bias refers to differences in the frequency of occurrence of synonymous codons in coding DNA. A codon is a series of three nucleotides (a triplet) that encodes a specific amino acid residue in a polypeptide chain or for the termination of translation (stop codons).
There are 64 different codons (61 codons ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20habit | In mineralogy, crystal habit is the characteristic external shape of an individual crystal or aggregate of crystals. The habit of a crystal is dependent on its crystallographic form and growth conditions, which generally creates irregularities due to limited space in the crystallizing medium (commonly in rocks).
Cryst... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial%20meat | Artificial meat(s) may refer to:
Cultured meat, meat grown in cell cultures instead of inside animals
Factory farming related meats, foodstuffs created in highly managed conditions
Meat analogue, imitation meat products such as tofu, tempeh, textured vegetable protein (TVP), wheat gluten, pea protein, or mycoprotein
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wim%20van%20Est | Willem "Wim" van Est (25 March 1923 – 1 May 2003) was a Dutch racing cyclist. He is best known for being the first Dutch cyclist to wear the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification in the Tour de France of 1951, and for falling into a ravine while wearing it.
Biography
Van Est was born in the town of Fi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudder | A rudder is a primary control surface used to steer a ship, boat, submarine, hovercraft, aircraft, or other vehicle that moves through a fluid medium (generally air or water). On an aircraft the rudder is used primarily to counter adverse yaw and p-factor and is not the primary control used to turn the airplane. A rudd... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillota | The Bacillota (synonym Firmicutes) are a phylum of bacteria, most of which have gram-positive cell wall structure. The renaming of phyla such as Firmicutes in 2021 remains controversial among microbiologists, many of whom continue to use the earlier names of long standing in the literature.
The name "Firmicutes" was d... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levinson%20recursion | Levinson recursion or Levinson–Durbin recursion is a procedure in linear algebra to recursively calculate the solution to an equation involving a Toeplitz matrix. The algorithm runs in time, which is a strong improvement over Gauss–Jordan elimination, which runs in Θ(n3).
The Levinson–Durbin algorithm was proposed fi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-place%20algorithm | In computer science, an in-place algorithm is an algorithm that operates directly on the input data structure without requiring extra space proportional to the input size. In other words, it modifies the input in place, without creating a separate copy of the data structure. An algorithm which is not in-place is someti... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycoplasma | Mycoplasma is a genus of bacteria that, like the other members of the class Mollicutes, lack a cell wall around their cell membranes. Peptidoglycan (murein) is absent. This characteristic makes them naturally resistant to antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis (like the beta-lactam antibiotics). They can be parasi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylitol | Xylitol is a chemical compound with the formula , or HO(CH2)(CHOH)3(CH2)OH; specifically, one particular stereoisomer with that structural formula. It is a colorless or white crystalline solid that is freely soluble in water. It can be classified as a polyalcohol and a sugar alcohol, specifically an alditol. The name ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascus | An ascus (; : asci) is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division. However, asci in some genera or species can occur in numbers of one (e.g. Monosporascus cannonballus), tw... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exterior%20derivative | On a differentiable manifold, the exterior derivative extends the concept of the differential of a function to differential forms of higher degree. The exterior derivative was first described in its current form by Élie Cartan in 1899. The resulting calculus, known as exterior calculus, allows for a natural, metric-ind... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann%20Nepomuk%20Maelzel | Johann Nepomuk Maelzel (or Mälzel; August 15, 1772 – July 21, 1838) was a German inventor, engineer, and showman, best known for manufacturing a metronome and several music-playing automatons, and displaying a fraudulent chess machine. He worked with Beethoven to compose a piece of music for one of his inventions.
Lif... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow%20measurement | Flow measurement is the quantification of bulk fluid movement. Flow can be measured using devices called flowmeters in various ways. The common types of flowmeters with industrial applications are listed below:
Obstruction type (differential pressure or variable area)
Inferential (turbine type)
Electromagnetic
Po... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellman%E2%80%93Ford%20algorithm | The Bellman–Ford algorithm is an algorithm that computes shortest paths from a single source vertex to all of the other vertices in a weighted digraph.
It is slower than Dijkstra's algorithm for the same problem, but more versatile, as it is capable of handling graphs in which some of the edge weights are negative numb... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darcy%E2%80%93Weisbach%20equation | In fluid dynamics, the Darcy–Weisbach equation is an empirical equation that relates the head loss, or pressure loss, due to friction along a given length of pipe to the average velocity of the fluid flow for an incompressible fluid. The equation is named after Henry Darcy and Julius Weisbach. Currently, there is no fo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearson%20correlation%20coefficient | In statistics, the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) is a correlation coefficient that measures linear correlation between two sets of data. It is the ratio between the covariance of two variables and the product of their standard deviations; thus, it is essentially a normalized measurement of the covariance, such ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard%20score | In statistics, the standard score is the number of standard deviations by which the value of a raw score (i.e., an observed value or data point) is above or below the mean value of what is being observed or measured. Raw scores above the mean have positive standard scores, while those below the mean have negative stand... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blastulation | Blastulation is the stage in early animal embryonic development that produces the blastula. In mammalian development the blastula develops into the blastocyst with a differentiated inner cell mass and an outer trophectoderm. The blastula (from Greek βλαστός ( meaning sprout)) is a hollow sphere of cells known as blasto... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretin | Secretin is a hormone that regulates water homeostasis throughout the body and influences the environment of the duodenum by regulating secretions in the stomach, pancreas, and liver. It is a peptide hormone produced in the S cells of the duodenum, which are located in the intestinal glands. In humans, the secretin pep... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasopressin | Human vasopressin, also called antidiuretic hormone (ADH), arginine vasopressin (AVP) or argipressin, is a hormone synthesized from the AVP gene as a peptide prohormone in neurons in the hypothalamus, and is converted to AVP. It then travels down the axon terminating in the posterior pituitary, and is released from v... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interphase | Interphase is the portion of the cell cycle that is not accompanied by visible changes under the microscope, and includes the G1, S and G2 phases. During interphase, the cell grows (G1), replicates its DNA (S) and prepares for mitosis (G2). A cell in interphase is not simply quiescent. The term quiescent (i.e. dormant... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flynn%27s%20taxonomy | Flynn's taxonomy is a classification of computer architectures, proposed by Michael J. Flynn in 1966 and extended in 1972. The classification system has stuck, and it has been used as a tool in the design of modern processors and their functionalities. Since the rise of multiprocessing central processing units (CPUs), ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnik%27s%20theorem | Linnik's theorem in analytic number theory answers a natural question after Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions. It asserts that there exist positive c and L such that, if we denote p(a,d) the least prime in the arithmetic progression
where n runs through the positive integers and a and d are any given posi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiaolin%20Wu%27s%20line%20algorithm | Xiaolin Wu's line algorithm is an algorithm for line antialiasing.
Antialiasing technique
Xiaolin Wu's line algorithm was presented in the article "An Efficient Antialiasing Technique" in the July 1991 issue of Computer Graphics, as well as in the article "Fast Antialiasing" in the June 1992 issue of Dr. Dobb's Journa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Jacob | François Jacob (17 June 1920 – 19 April 2013) was a French biologist who, together with Jacques Monod, originated the idea that control of enzyme levels in all cells occurs through regulation of transcription. He shared the 1965 Nobel Prize in Medicine with Jacques Monod and André Lwoff.
Early years
Jacob was born the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratology | Teratology is the study of abnormalities of physiological development in organisms during their life span. It is a sub-discipline in medical genetics which focuses on the classification of congenital abnormalities in dysmorphology caused by teratogens. Teratogens are substances that may cause non-heritable birth defect... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harald%20Cram%C3%A9r | Harald Cramér (; 25 September 1893 – 5 October 1985) was a Swedish mathematician, actuary, and statistician, specializing in mathematical statistics and probabilistic number theory. John Kingman described him as "one of the giants of statistical theory".
Biography
Early life
Harald Cramér was born in Stockholm, Swed... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20inverter | A power inverter, inverter or invertor is a power electronic device or circuitry that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). The resulting AC frequency obtained depends on the particular device employed. Inverters do the opposite of rectifiers which were originally large electromechanical devices conv... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parametric%20statistics | Parametric statistics is a branch of statistics which assumes that sample data comes from a population that can be adequately modeled by a probability distribution that has a fixed set of parameters. Conversely a non-parametric model does not assume an explicit (finite-parametric) mathematical form for the distributio... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonparametric%20statistics | Nonparametric statistics is a type of statistical analysis that does not rely on the assumption of a specific underlying distribution (such as the normal distribution), or any other specific assumptions about the population parameters (such as mean and variance). This is in contrast to parametric statistics, which make... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobitidae | Cobitidae, also known as the True loaches, is a family of Old World freshwater fish. They occur throughout Eurasia and in Morocco, and inhabit riverine ecosystems. Today, most "loaches" are placed in other families (see below). The family includes about 260 described species. New species are being described regularly.
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice%20crystal | Ice crystals are solid ice in symmetrical shapes including hexagonal columns, hexagonal plates, and dendritic crystals. Ice crystals are responsible for various atmospheric optic displays and cloud formations.
Formation
At ambient temperature and pressure, water molecules have a V shape. The two hydrogen atoms bond... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind%20shear | Wind shear (or windshear), sometimes referred to as wind gradient, is a difference in wind speed and/or direction over a relatively short distance in the atmosphere. Atmospheric wind shear is normally described as either vertical or horizontal wind shear. Vertical wind shear is a change in wind speed or direction with ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wake%20%28physics%29 | In fluid dynamics, a wake may either be:
the region of recirculating flow immediately behind a moving or stationary blunt body, caused by viscosity, which may be accompanied by flow separation and turbulence, or
the wave pattern on the water surface downstream of an object in a flow, or produced by a moving object (e... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallace%E2%80%93Bolyai%E2%80%93Gerwien%20theorem | In geometry, the Wallace–Bolyai–Gerwien theorem, named after William Wallace, Farkas Bolyai and P. Gerwien, is a theorem related to dissections of polygons. It answers the question when one polygon can be formed from another by cutting it into a finite number of pieces and recomposing these by translations and rotation... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary%20layer | In physics and fluid mechanics, a boundary layer is the thin layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface formed by the fluid flowing along the surface. The fluid's interaction with the wall induces a no-slip boundary condition (zero velocity at the wall). The flow velocity then monotonically increa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain%20%28algebraic%20topology%29 | In algebraic topology, a -chain
is a formal linear combination of the -cells in a cell complex. In simplicial complexes (respectively, cubical complexes), -chains are combinations of -simplices (respectively, -cubes), but not necessarily connected. Chains are used in homology; the elements of a homology group are equiv... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Armitage%20%28statistician%29 | Peter Armitage CBE (born 15 June 1924) is a statistician specialising in medical statistics.
Peter Armitage attended Huddersfield College and went on to read mathematics at Trinity College, Cambridge. Armitage belonged to the generation of mathematicians who came to maturity in the Second World War. He joined the weap... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon%20carbide | Silicon carbide (SiC), also known as carborundum (), is a hard chemical compound containing silicon and carbon. A semiconductor, it occurs in nature as the extremely rare mineral moissanite, but has been mass-produced as a powder and crystal since 1893 for use as an abrasive. Grains of silicon carbide can be bonded tog... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MGCP | MGCP may refer to:
Glutamate carboxypeptidase II, an enzyme
Media Gateway Control Protocol, an implementation of the Media Gateway Control Protocol architecture |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third%20law%20of%20thermodynamics | The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a closed system at thermodynamic equilibrium approaches a constant value when its temperature approaches absolute zero. This constant value cannot depend on any other parameters characterizing the system, such as pressure or applied magnetic field. At absolute ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program%20optimization | In computer science, program optimization, code optimization, or software optimization is the process of modifying a software system to make some aspect of it work more efficiently or use fewer resources. In general, a computer program may be optimized so that it executes more rapidly, or to make it capable of operatin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boombox | A boombox is a transistorized portable music player featuring one or two cassette tape recorder/players and AM/FM radio, generally with a carrying handle. Beginning in the mid 1980s, a CD player was often included. Sound is delivered through an amplifier and two or more integrated loudspeakers. A boombox is a device ty... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percentile%20rank | In statistics, the percentile rank (PR) of a given score is the percentage of scores in its frequency distribution that are less than that score.
Formulation
Its mathematical formula is
where CF—the cumulative frequency—is the count of all scores less than or equal to the score of interest, F is the frequency for ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Black%20Watch%20%28film%29 | The Black Watch is a 1929 American Pre-Code adventure epic film directed by John Ford and starring Victor McLaglen, Myrna Loy, and David Torrence. Written by James Kevin McGuinness based on the 1916 novel King of the Khyber Rifles by Talbot Mundy, the film is about a captain in the British Army's Black Watch regiment a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caloric%20theory | The caloric theory is an obsolete scientific theory that heat consists of a self-repellent fluid called caloric that flows from hotter bodies to colder bodies. Caloric was also thought of as a weightless gas that could pass in and out of pores in solids and liquids. The "caloric theory" was superseded by the mid-19th ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convection%20cell | In fluid dynamics, a convection cell is the phenomenon that occurs when density differences exist within a body of liquid or gas. These density differences result in rising and/or falling convection currents, which are the key characteristics of a convection cell. When a volume of fluid is heated, it expands and become... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logistic%20regression | In statistics, the logistic model (or logit model) is a statistical model that models the probability of an event taking place by having the log-odds for the event be a linear combination of one or more independent variables. In regression analysis, logistic regression (or logit regression) is estimating the parameters... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit%20cell | In geometry, biology, mineralogy and solid state physics, a unit cell is a repeating unit formed by the vectors spanning the points of a lattice. Despite its suggestive name, the unit cell (unlike a unit vector, for example) does not necessarily have unit size, or even a particular size at all. Rather, the primitive c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spoof | Spoof, spoofs, spoofer, or spoofing may refer to:
Forgery of goods or documents
Semen, in Australian slang
Spoof (game), a guessing game
Spoofing (finance), a disruptive algorithmic-trading tactic designed to manipulate markets
Culture
A type of satire, specifically a parody, in which an original work is made fu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional%20magnetic%20resonance%20imaging | Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow. This technique relies on the fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled. When an area of the brain is in use, blood flow to that region also increases.
The prim... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norton%27s%20theorem | In direct-current circuit theory, Norton's theorem, also called the Mayer–Norton theorem, is a simplification that can be applied to networks made of linear time-invariant resistances, voltage sources, and current sources. At a pair of terminals of the network, it can be replaced by a current source and a single resist... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9venin%27s%20theorem | As originally stated in terms of direct-current resistive circuits only, Thévenin's theorem states that "Any linear electrical network containing only voltage sources, current sources and resistances can be replaced at terminals by an equivalent combination of a voltage source in a series connection with a resistance... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yates%27s%20correction%20for%20continuity | In statistics, Yates's correction for continuity (or Yates's chi-squared test) is used in certain situations when testing for independence in a contingency table. It aims
at correcting the error introduced by assuming that the discrete probabilities of frequencies in the table can be approximated by a continuous distri... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retro%20style | Retro style is imitative or consciously derivative of lifestyles, trends, or art forms from history, including in music, modes, fashions, or attitudes. In popular culture, the "nostalgia cycle" is typically for the two decades that begin 20–30 years ago.
Definition
The term retro has been in use since 1972 to describe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schottky%20diode | The Schottky diode (named after the German physicist Walter H. Schottky), also known as Schottky barrier diode or hot-carrier diode, is a semiconductor diode formed by the junction of a semiconductor with a metal. It has a low forward voltage drop and a very fast switching action. The cat's-whisker detectors used in t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular%20dementia | Vascular dementia (VaD) is dementia caused by problems in the blood supply to the brain, resulting from a cerebrovascular disease. Restricted blood supply (ischemia) leads to cell and tissue death in the affected region, known as an infarct. The three types of vascular dementia are subcortical vascular dementia, multi-... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duality | Duality may refer to:
Mathematics
Duality (mathematics), a mathematical concept
Dual (category theory), a formalization of mathematical duality
Duality (optimization)
Duality (order theory), a concept regarding binary relations
Duality (projective geometry), general principle of projective geometry
Duality princ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilson%27s%20theorem | In algebra and number theory, Wilson's theorem states that a natural number n > 1 is a prime number if and only if the product of all the positive integers less than n is one less than a multiple of n. That is (using the notations of modular arithmetic), the factorial satisfies
exactly when n is a prime number. In o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meristem | The meristem is a type of tissue found in plants. It consists of undifferentiated cells (meristematic cells) capable of cell division. Cells in the meristem can develop into all the other tissues and organs that occur in plants. These cells continue to divide until a time when they get differentiated and then lose the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meniscus%20%28liquid%29 | In physics (particularly fluid statics), the meniscus (: menisci, ) is the curve in the upper surface of a liquid close to the surface of the container or another object, produced by surface tension.
A concave meniscus occurs when the attraction between the particles of the liquid and the container (adhesion) is more ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viterbi%20algorithm | The Viterbi algorithm is a dynamic programming algorithm for obtaining the maximum a posteriori probability estimate of the most likely sequence of hidden states—called the Viterbi path—that results in a sequence of observed events, especially in the context of Markov information sources and hidden Markov models (HMM).... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scamp | Scamp may refer to:
Computers and engineering
National Semiconductor SC/MP (pronounced Scamp), an early 8 bit microprocessor
Single-Channel Antijam Man-Portable Terminal, part of the Advanced Extremely High Frequency system
Single-Chip A-series Mainframe Processor, a single-chip implementation of the Burroughs larg... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock%20rate | In computing, the clock rate or clock speed typically refers to the frequency at which the clock generator of a processor can generate pulses, which are used to synchronize the operations of its components, and is used as an indicator of the processor's speed. It is measured in the SI unit of frequency hertz (Hz).
The... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSJ%20decomposition | In mathematics, the JSJ decomposition, also known as the toral decomposition, is a topological construct given by the following theorem:
Irreducible orientable closed (i.e., compact and without boundary) 3-manifolds have a unique (up to isotopy) minimal collection of disjointly embedded incompressible tori such that... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorna%20Doone | Lorna Doone: A Romance of Exmoor is a novel by English author Richard Doddridge Blackmore, published in 1869. It is a romance based on a group of historical characters and set in the late 17th century in Devon and Somerset, particularly around the East Lyn Valley area of Exmoor. In 2003, the novel was listed on the BBC... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracellular%20matrix | In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM), is a network consisting of extracellular macromolecules and minerals, such as collagen, enzymes, glycoproteins and hydroxyapatite that provide structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular l... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern%20Dobruja | Northern Dobruja ( or simply ; , Severna Dobrudzha) is the part of Dobruja within the borders of Romania. It lies between the lower Danube River and the Black Sea, bordered in the south by Southern Dobruja, which is a part of Bulgaria.
History
Around 600 BC, the Greeks colonized the Black Sea shore and founded numero... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barth%20syndrome | Barth syndrome (BTHS) is a rare but serious X-linked genetic disorder, caused by changes in phospholipid structure and metabolism. It may affect multiple body systems (though mainly characterized by pronounced pediatric-onset cardiomyopathy), and is potentially fatal. The syndrome is diagnosed almost exclusively in mal... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropospheric%20scatter | Tropospheric scatter, also known as troposcatter, is a method of communicating with microwave radio signals over considerable distances – often up to and further depending on frequency of operation, equipment type, terrain, and climate factors. This method of propagation uses the tropospheric scatter phenomenon, where... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roots-type%20supercharger | The Roots-type blower is a
positive displacement lobe pump which operates by pumping a fluid with a pair of meshing lobes resembling a set of stretched gears. Fluid is trapped in pockets surrounding the lobes and carried from the intake side to the exhaust. The most common application of the Roots-type blower has b... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heathrow%20Express | Heathrow Express is a high-frequency airport rail link operating between London Heathrow Airport and . Opened in 1998, trains run non-stop, with a journey time of 15 minutes. The service is operated jointly by Great Western Railway and Heathrow Express Operating Company, a wholly owned subsidiary of Heathrow Airport Ho... |
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