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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nema%20Andahadna
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Margaret E. Ingalls (September 16, 1939 - January 9, 2018), known by her pen name Nema Andahadna or simply Nema, was an American occultist, ceremonial magician, and writer known for her magical writings about the Ma'atian current.
Early life and education
Margaret E. Cook was born on September 16, 1939, in Cincinnati, Ohio, to William Maurice and Edna Rita (Specht) Cook. She attended Mount St. Joseph University where she earned a Bachelor’s degree in English and Journalism. After graduating, she worked in market research.
Writing career
Nema Andahadna practiced and wrote about magick (magical working, as defined by Aleister Crowley) for over thirty years. In 1974, she channelled a short book called Liber Pennae Praenumbra.
From her experience with Thelemic magick, she developed her own system of magic called Maat Magick which has the aim of transforming the human race. In 1979, she co-founded the Horus-Maat Lodge. The Lodge and her ideas have been featured in the writings of Kenneth Grant.
Her writings have appeared in many publications, including the Cincinnati Journal of Ceremonial Magick, Aeon, and Starfire. According to Donald Michael Kraig:
Personal life
Nema married Michael David Ingalls. She had one son and three daughters from previous marriages.
Nema died on January 9, 2018, at Riverside Methodist Hospital in Columbus, Ohio.
Works
Partial bibliography
(Text of lecture delivered 4/10/2004 at the Thelemic Conference held at Conway Hall, London)
Discography
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igaliku
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Igaliku is a settlement in the Kujalleq municipality in southern Greenland. The town was founded as Igaliko in 1783 by the trader and colonial administrator Anders Olsen and Greenlandic wife Tuperna. In 2020, Igaliku had 21 inhabitants. The nearby Norse ruins of Garðar and the farms surrounding the town were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2017 as part of the Kujataa Greenland: Norse and Inuit Farming at the Edge of the Ice Cap site.
Geography
Igaliku is located southeast of Narsarsuaq, on a peninsula jutting off the mainland of Greenland near the eastern shore of upper Tunulliarfik Fjord. Access to Igaliku from Narsarsauq is cheaper and easier by landing at the small harbor of Itilleq and then crossing the isthmus 4 km (2.5 mi).
Landmarks and sights
Igaliku is best known for the ruins of Garðar, once the religious heart of 12th-century Norse Greenland. The area was at the very heart of the Eastern Settlement and has been extensively archaeologically excavated since the 1830s. There are several historical graves in the area, although most have not presently been identified. The nearby area was documented by New York fine art photographer, Steve Giovinco, as part of a grant from the Scandinavian-American Foundation.
Infrastructure
The settlement has a general store, a church including the congregation building, and a school, Atuarfik Igaliku (Greenlandic for "the school of Igaliku"). There is only one road into the village (called King's Road), which conne
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum%20resolvable%20temperature%20difference
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Minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRTD) is a measure for assessing the performance of infrared cameras, and is inversely proportional to the modulation transfer function.
Typically, an operator is asked to assess the minimum temperature difference at which a 4-bar target can be resolved. This minimum difference will change with the spatial frequency of the bar target used. A curve of MRTD against spatial frequency is obtained which characterises the performance of the imaging system.
Modern infrared imaging systems can have low spatial frequency MRTDs of tens of millikelvins.
Manual test
A manual subjective test is implemented to determine the MRTD. An operator uses a series of 4-bar targets of different spatial frequencies. For each target he/she adjusts the blackbody, (source of Infrared radiation), temperature up and down until the pattern is "just resolvable." The positive and negative temperature differences are stored into a two dimensional array. The corresponding spatial frequencies used in each test are also stored into an array. The MRTD curve is a plot of these arrays (just resolvable temperature difference versus target spatial frequency). From the experimental MRTD data, a general polynomial best fit is calculated and the result is the MRTD curve which gives direct insight into the quality of the image. i.e. the infrared camera's ability to resolve detail, in this case temperature.
Calculations
, the MRTD curve
= array of just resolvable tempera
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Norbornyl%20cation
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In organic chemistry, the term 2-norbornyl cation (or 2-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl cation) describes one of the three carbocations formed from derivatives of norbornane. Though 1-norbornyl and 7-norbornyl cations have been studied, the most extensive studies and vigorous debates have been centered on the exact structure of the 2-norbornyl cation.
The 2-norbornyl cation has been formed from a variety of norbornane derivatives and reagents. First reports of its formation and reactivity published by Saul Winstein sparked controversy over the nature of its bonding, as he invoked a three-center two-electron bond to explain the stereochemical outcome of the reaction. Herbert C. Brown challenged this assertion on the grounds that classical resonance structures could explain these observations without needing to adapt a new perspective of bonding. Both researchers' views had its supporters, and dozens of scientists contributed ingeniously designed experiments to provide evidence for one viewpoint or the other. Over time, the dispute became increasingly bitter and acrimonious, and the debate took on a personal or ad hominem character.
Evidence of the non-classical nature of the 2-norbornyl cation grew over the course of several decades, mainly through spectroscopic data gathered using methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Crystallographic confirmation of its non-classical nature did not come until 2013. Although most chemists now agree that 2-norbornyl cation itself is non-
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flooding%20%28computer%20networking%29
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Flooding is used in computer network routing algorithms in which every incoming packet is sent through every outgoing link except the one it arrived on.
Flooding is used in bridging and in systems such as Usenet and peer-to-peer file sharing and as part of some routing protocols, including OSPF, DVMRP, and those used in ad-hoc wireless networks (WANETs).
Types
There are generally two types of flooding available, uncontrolled flooding and controlled flooding.
In uncontrolled flooding each node unconditionally distributes packets to each of its neighbors. Without conditional logic to prevent indefinite recirculation of the same packet, broadcast storms are a hazard.
Controlled flooding has its own two algorithms to make it reliable, SNCF (Sequence Number Controlled Flooding) and RPF (reverse-path forwarding). In SNCF, the node attaches its own address and sequence number to the packet, since every node has a memory of addresses and sequence numbers. If it receives a packet in memory, it drops it immediately while in RPF, the node will only send the packet forward. If it is received from the next node, it sends it back to the sender.
Algorithms
There are several variants of flooding algorithms. Most work roughly as follows:
Each node acts as both a transmitter and a receiver.
Each node tries to forward every message to every one of its neighbors except the source node.
This results in every message eventually being delivered to all reachable parts of the network.
Algori
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Kingdom%20Biodiversity%20Action%20Plan
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The United Kingdom Biodiversity Action Plan or (UK BAP) was the UK government's response to the Convention on Biological Diversity, opened for signature at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992. The UK was the first country to produce a national Biodiversity Action Plan. It was published in 1994 and created action plans for priority species and habitats in the UK that were most under threat so as to support their recovery.
Purpose
The UK Biodiversity Action Plan summarised the most threatened or rapidly declining biological resources of the United Kingdom, and gave detailed plans for their conservation. Individual 'Action Plans' were provided for these habitats and species, and a reporting mechanism was established to demonstrate how the UK BAP was contributing to the United Kingdom's commitment to help reduce or halt the significant losses in global biodiversity, highlighted by the international Convention on Biological Diversity. The original publication included action plans for 45 habitats and 391 species, each identified either as being globally threatened, or where evidence showed there had been a particularly rapid decline of those resources within the UK. Although mainly focused on England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and the UK Crown dependencies, the UK Biodiversity Action Plan also addressed issues of declining species and habitats overseas in the UK Dependant Territories and British-held territories in Antarctica; areas together containing over 700 endemic species.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood%20glue
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Wood glue is an adhesive used to tightly bond pieces of wood together. Many substances have been used as glues. Traditionally animal proteins like casein from milk or collagen from animal hides and bones were boiled down to make early glues. They worked by solidifying as they dried. Later, glues were made from plant starches like flour or potato starch. When combined with water and heated, the starch gelatinizes and forms a sticky paste as it dries. Plant-based glues were common for books and paper products, though they can break down more easily over time compared to animal-based glues. Examples of modern wood glues include polyvinyl acetate (PVA) and epoxy resins. Some resins (i.e., glues) used in producing composite wood products may contain formaldehyde. As of 2021, “the wood panel industry uses almost 95% of synthetic petroleum-derived thermosetting adhesives, mainly based on urea, phenol, and melamine, among others”.
Types
Animal glue
Animal glue, especially hoof glue and hide glue, was the primary adhesive of choice for many types of woodworking, including furniture and lutherie, for many centuries. It is manufactured from rendered collagen from the skins (hides) or hooves of animals. It is chemically similar to edible gelatin and is non-toxic if ingested. Hide glue is still used today in specialized applications: musical instruments (lutherie), for replica furniture, and for conservation-grade repairs to antique woodwork. Hide glue is measured on the basis of its ge
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CADPAC
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CADPAC, the Cambridge Analytic Derivatives Package, is a suite of programs for ab initio computational chemistry calculations. It has been developed by R. D. Amos with contributions from I. L. Alberts, J. S. Andrews, S. M. Colwell, N. C. Handy, D. Jayatilaka, P. J. Knowles, R. Kobayashi, K. E. Laidig, G. Laming, A. M. Lee, P. E. Maslen, C. W. Murray, J. E. Rice, E. D. Simandiras, A. J. Stone, M.-D. Su and D. J. Tozer. at Cambridge University since 1981. It is capable of molecular Hartree–Fock calculations, Møller–Plesset calculations, various other correlated calculations and density functional theory calculations.
See also
Quantum chemistry computer programs
External links
Computational chemistry software
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological%20correlation
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In statistics, an ecological correlation (also spatial correlation) is a correlation between two variables that are group means, in contrast to a correlation between two variables that describe individuals. For example, one might study the correlation between physical activity and weight among sixth-grade children. A study at the individual level might make use of 100 children, then measure both physical activity and weight; the correlation between the two variables would be at the individual level. By contrast, another study might make use of 100 classes of sixth-grade students, then measure the mean physical activity and the mean weight of each of the 100 classes. A correlation between these group means would be an example of an ecological correlation.
Because a correlation describes the measured strength of a relationship, correlations at the group level can be much higher than those at the individual level. Thinking both are equal is an example of ecological fallacy.
See also
General topics
Ecological regression
Geographic information science
Spatial autocorrelation
Complete spatial randomness
Modifiable areal unit problem
Specific applications
Spatial epidemiology
Spatial econometrics
References
Covariance and correlation
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle%20Harvey
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Michelle Louise Harvey (born in Brisbane) is an Australian forensic scientist specialising in forensic entomology (use of insects in the investigation of crimes). Her research uses insect DNA to identify maggots, which helps in estimating the time since death. Harvey has published widely on her research and been a guest speaker at many conferences. She is active in the promotion of science through public speaking engagements and the media.
Career
Harvey completed her PhD / Master of Forensic Science degree in 2006 at the Centre for Forensic Science at the University of Western Australia (UWA) and graduated in March 2007. From 2006 to 2012 she was a senior lecturer in forensic biology at the University of Portsmouth, researching molecular relationships between forensically important Calliphoridae. She has since returned to Australia to continue her research at Deakin University, Geelong.
Honours and awards
2013 Winston Churchill Fellow
2004 Brownes Western Australian Woman of the Year in Science
2003 Sir Keith Murdoch Fellow of the American-Australian Association (graduate research at the Anthropological Research Facility (known as the Body Farm) in Knoxville, Tennessee)
2001/2002 Rotary Ambassadorial Scholar (University of Pretoria, South Africa)
References
Living people
Scientists from Brisbane
Academics of the University of Portsmouth
Women forensic scientists
University of Western Australia alumni
University of Pretoria alumni
Academic staff of Deakin University
Year o
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal%20Coordinate%20Mechanics
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Internal Coordinate Mechanics (ICM) is a software program and algorithm to predict low-energy conformations of molecules by sampling the space of internal coordinates (bond lengths, bond angles and dihedral angles) defining molecular geometry. In ICM each molecule is constructed as a tree from an entry atom where each next atom is built iteratively from the preceding three atoms via three internal variables. The rings kept rigid or imposed via additional restraints. ICM is used for modelling peptides and interactions with substrates and coenzymes.
Software
ICM also is a programming environment for various tasks in computational chemistry and computational structural biology, sequence analysis and rational drug design. The original goal was to develop algorithms for energy optimization of several biopolymers with respect to an arbitrary subset of internal coordinates such as bond lengths, bond angles torsion angles and phase angles. The efficient and general global optimization method which evolved from the original ICM method is still the central piece of the program. It is this basic algorithm which is used for peptide prediction, homology modeling and loop simulations, flexible macromolecular docking and energy refinement. However the complexity of problems related to structure prediction and analysis, as well as the desire for perfection, compactness and consistency, led to the program's expansion into neighboring areas such as graphics, chemistry, sequence analysis and d
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryllium%20telluride
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Beryllium telluride (BeTe) is a chemical compound of beryllium and tellurium. It is a crystalline solid with the lattice constant of 0.5615 nm. It is a semiconductor with a large energy gap of around 3 eV.
Toxicity is unknown. Toxic hydrogen telluride gas is evolved on exposure to water.
References
External links
Beryllium compounds
Tellurides
II-VI semiconductors
Zincblende crystal structure
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winbond
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Winbond Electronics Corporation () is a Taiwan-based corporation founded in 1987. It produces semiconductors and several types of integrated circuits (ICs) including dynamic random-access memory, static random-access memory, serial flash, microcontrollers, and Super I/O chips.
Winbond is the largest brand-name IC supplier in Taiwan and one of the biggest suppliers of semiconductor solutions worldwide.
The computer IC, consumer electronics IC, and logic product foundry divisions Winbond were spun off as Nuvoton Technology Corporation on 1 July 2008.
See also
List of Semiconductor Fabrication Plants
List of companies of Taiwan
References
External links
Nuvoton Technology Corporation (Winbond subsidiary)
1987 establishments in Taiwan
Computer memory companies
Companies established in 1987
Electronics companies of Taiwan
Taiwanese brands
Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange
Semiconductor companies of Taiwan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarapacaite
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Tarapacáite is the mineral form of potassium chromate with the chemical formula K2CrO4. It forms bright yellow crystals and was discovered in 1878. It is named for the former Tarapacá Province, Peru; nowadays belonging to Chile. The boundaries between Peru, Bolivia and Chile were vague in the Atacama Desert before the War of the Pacific (1879–1883). Its type locality is Oficina Maria Elena, Maria Elena, Tocopilla Province, Antofagasta Region, Chile. It is unlikely to occur anywhere except in highly arid conditions as it is easily soluble in water.
References
Potassium minerals
Chromate minerals
Orthorhombic minerals
Minerals in space group 62
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon%20flaw
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A carbon flaw is a blemish present within a diamond crystalline form of carbon, usually seen as a black spot. The blemish may be microscopic or visible to the naked eye. The spots are undesirable imperfections since they can be seen more easily than other flaws. It is worth noting that, while diamonds are composed of purely carbon, the black spot flaws could be other inclusions (foreign matter) such as olivine, garnet, pyrite, silica, calcite, and iron oxides.
Appearance
Carbon flaws can come in many different appearances. They can range in size from specks so small they can barely be seen with the a magnifying glass to spots and clusters clearly visible to the naked eye. A carbon flaw can appear as a sharply defined spot or as an amorphous cloud, like a shadow in the stone. The appearance of a spot usually indicates an inclusion of uncrystallized carbon, but a cloudy carbon flaw is indicative of improper or irregular crystallization. Carbon flaws can also appear as small, fuzzy dots, somewhere between a speck and a cloud. Another common carbon flaw appears as a black shard or needle through the stone.
These flaws are regarded as undesirable in any stone, though the appearance of carbon flaws is more notable in white stones. The presence of these flaws can severely impact the value of the stone, despite its carat weight. Most flaws that do not affect the clarity or brilliance of the diamond are usually seen as ugly and will drive buyers away from a stone. The flaws that aff
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr.%20Phibes%20and%20the%20House%20of%20Wax%20Equations
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Dr. Phibes and the House of Wax Equations were an English psychedelic rock band, formed in 1989 in Crewe, Cheshire. They were composed of vocalist and guitarist Lawrence Howard King Jr., bassist Lee Patrick Belsham and drummer Keith York.
The band were regulars in the UK Indie Chart and had some links with other local bands in the North West. The band's name was linked to American actor Vincent Price who starred in House of Wax and the two Dr. Phibes films.
The band toured extensively around the UK and mainland Europe, including a major European tour featuring performances at rock festivals in France, Switzerland and Germany.
History
The band met whilst on a music course at South Cheshire College of Further Education in late 1989. King Jr. was born to Avril Fiona (née Sancho) and Lawrence Howard King Snr. in 1967 in Reading, Berkshire. His parents married in 1965 in Enfield, Middlesex.
They released their first EP Sugarblast in 1990. This was followed up by their first album Whirlpool in 1991. A second EP, called Hazy Lazy Hologram, was released the same year.
The level of success continued with appearances at the Glastonbury Festival in 1992. Dr. Phibes also recorded Peel Sessions for the Radio One DJ John Peel in 1991 and 1993. They also recorded some tracks for Mark Radcliffe's late night Radio 1 show. The band would release a further four EPs; their second album Hypnotwister came out in 1993.
Dr. Phibes' final live performance was in Manchester in 1995. Shortly af
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIC%20TCP
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BIC TCP (Binary Increase Congestion control) is one of the congestion control algorithms that can be used for Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). BIC is optimized for high speed networks with high latency: so-called "long fat networks". For these networks, BIC has significant advantage over previous congestion control schemes in correcting for severely underutilized bandwidth.
BIC implements a unique congestion window (cwnd) algorithm. This algorithm tries to find the maximum cwnd by searching in three parts: binary search increase, additive increase, and slow start. When a network failure occurs, the BIC uses multiplicative decrease in correcting the cwnd.
BIC TCP is implemented and used by default in Linux kernels 2.6.8 and above. The default implementation was again changed to CUBIC TCP in the 2.6.19 version.
Algorithm
Define the following variables:
Smax: the maximum increment
Smin: the minimum increment
wmax: the maximum window size
β: multiplicative window decrease factor
cwnd: congestion window size
bic_inc: window increment per RTT (round trip time)
At every RTT interval update cwnd with the following:
If no packets are dropped, the congestion window (cwnd) increases in three distinct ways: binary search increase, additive increase, and slow start. In each step, one is used as an increment.
One step of increasing cwnd:
if (cwnd < wmax) // binary search OR additive
bic_inc = (wmax - cwnd) / 2;
else
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorioamnionitis
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Chorioamnionitis, also known as intra-amniotic infection (IAI), is inflammation of the fetal membranes (amnion and chorion), usually due to bacterial infection. In 2015, a National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Workshop expert panel recommended use of the term "triple I" to address the heterogeneity of this disorder. The term triple I refers to intrauterine infection or inflammation or both and is defined by strict diagnostic criteria, but this terminology has not been commonly adopted although the criteria are used.
Chorioamnionitis results from an infection caused by bacteria ascending from the vagina into the uterus and is associated with premature or prolonged labor. It triggers an inflammatory response to release various inflammatory signaling molecules, leading to increased prostaglandin and metalloproteinase release. These substances promote uterine contractions and cervical ripening, causations of premature birth. The risk of developing chorioamnionitis increases with number of vaginal examinations performed in the final month of pregnancy, including labor. Tobacco and alcohol use also puts mothers at risk for chorioamnionitis development.
Chorioamnionitis is caught early by looking at signs and symptoms such as fever, abdominal pain, or abnormal vaginal excretion. Administration of antibiotics if the amniotic sac bursts prematurely can prevent chorioamnionitis occurrence.
Signs and symptoms
The signs and symptoms of clinical chorioamnionitis inc
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk%20classification
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The Folk classification, in geology, is a technical descriptive classification of sedimentary rocks devised by Robert L. Folk, an influential sedimentary petrologist and Professor Emeritus at the University of Texas.
Folk's sandstone (clastic) classification
Folk's philosophy is that the name of a rock must convey as much information as possible without being a complete description. For this, he proposed five important properties of sandstones to use as defining characteristics. These five properties are: grain size, chemically precipitated cements, textural maturity, miscellaneous transported constituents, and clan designation. Folk's fivefold name must be in the following format:
(Grain size): (chemically precipitated cements) (textural maturity) (miscellaneous transported constituents) (clan designation)
However, Folk stated that cements and miscellaneous transported constituents are optional categories as they are not always observed. The other three properties should always be mentioned.
The following are examples of rock names using Folk's fivefold name:
Coarse sandstone: calcitic submature micaceous subarkose
Fine sandstone: supermature quartzarenite
Sandy granule conglomerate: calcitic submature calclithite
Very fine sandstone: chert-cemented submature quartzose phyllarenite
Clayey very fine sandstone: immature fossiliferous plagioclase arkose
Clan designation
As others before him, Folk proposed a classification for sandstones based on the relative abundances of
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunham%20classification
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The Dunham classification system for carbonate sedimentary rocks was originally devised by Robert J. Dunham in 1962, and subsequently modified by Embry and Klovan in 1971 to include coarse-grained limestones and sediments that had been organically bound at the time of deposition. The modified Dunham Classification has subsequently become the most widely employed system for the classification of carbonate sedimentary rocks with 89% of workers currently adopting this system over the alternative Folk classification scheme
History
Original classification
Robert J. Dunham published his classification system for limestone in 1962. The original Dunham classification system was developed in order to provide convenient depositional-texture based class names that focus attention on the textural properties that are most significant for interpreting the depositional environment of the rocks.
The three criteria used to define the original Dunham classes were:
the supporting fabric of the original sediment
the presence or absence of mud (the fraction <20 μm in size)
evidence that the sediments were organically-bound at the time of deposition
On the basis of these criteria, the following four classes were defined:
Mudstone a mud-supported carbonate rock containing <10% grains
Wackestone a mud-supported carbonate lithology containing >10% grains
Packstone a grain-supported fabric containing 1% or more mud-grade fraction
Grainstone a grain-supported carbonate rock with <1% mud.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric%20monoidal%20category
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In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a symmetric monoidal category is a monoidal category (i.e. a category in which a "tensor product" is defined) such that the tensor product is symmetric (i.e. is, in a certain strict sense, naturally isomorphic to for all objects and of the category). One of the prototypical examples of a symmetric monoidal category is the category of vector spaces over some fixed field k, using the ordinary tensor product of vector spaces.
Definition
A symmetric monoidal category is a monoidal category (C, ⊗, I) such that, for every pair A, B of objects in C, there is an isomorphism called the swap map that is natural in both A and B and such that the following diagrams commute:
The unit coherence:
The associativity coherence:
The inverse law:
In the diagrams above, a, l, and r are the associativity isomorphism, the left unit isomorphism, and the right unit isomorphism respectively.
Examples
Some examples and non-examples of symmetric monoidal categories:
The category of sets. The tensor product is the set theoretic cartesian product, and any singleton can be fixed as the unit object.
The category of groups. Like before, the tensor product is just the cartesian product of groups, and the trivial group is the unit object.
More generally, any category with finite products, that is, a cartesian monoidal category, is symmetric monoidal. The tensor product is the direct product of objects, and any terminal object (empty product) is the un
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast%20protein%20liquid%20chromatography
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Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) is a form of liquid chromatography that is often used to analyze or purify mixtures of proteins. As in other forms of chromatography, separation is possible because the different components of a mixture have different affinities for two materials, a moving fluid (the mobile phase) and a porous solid (the stationary phase). In FPLC the mobile phase is an aqueous buffer solution. The buffer flow rate is controlled by a positive-displacement pump and is normally kept constant, while the composition of the buffer can be varied by drawing fluids in different proportions from two or more external reservoirs. The stationary phase is a resin composed of beads, usually of cross-linked agarose, packed into a cylindrical glass or plastic column. FPLC resins are available in a wide range of bead sizes and surface ligands depending on the application.
FPLC was developed and marketed in Sweden by Pharmacia in 1982, and was originally called fast performance liquid chromatography to contrast it with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). FPLC is generally applied only to proteins; however, because of the wide choice of resins and buffers it has broad applications. In contrast to HPLC, the buffer pressure used is relatively low, typically less than 5 bar, but the flow rate is relatively high, typically 1-5 ml/min.
FPLC can be readily scaled from analysis of milligrams of mixtures in columns with a total volume of 5 ml or less to industrial
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary%20layer%20control
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Boundary layer control refers to methods of controlling the behaviour of fluid flow boundary layers.
It may be desirable to reduce flow separation on fast vehicles to reduce the size of the wake (streamlining), which may reduce drag. Boundary layer separation is generally undesirable in aircraft high lift coefficient systems and jet engine intakes.
Laminar flow produces less skin friction than turbulent but a turbulent boundary layer transfers heat better. Turbulent boundary layers are more resistant to separation.
The energy in a boundary layer may need to be increased to keep it attached to its surface. Fresh air can be introduced through slots or mixed in from above. The low momentum layer at the surface can be sucked away through a perforated surface or bled away when it is in a high pressure duct. It can be scooped off completely by a diverter or internal bleed ducting. Its energy can be increased above that of the free stream by introducing high velocity air.
Nature
Frank E. Fish states that dolphins appear to have a turbulent boundary layer to reduce the likelihood of separation and minimize drag, and that mechanisms for maintaining a laminar boundary layer to reduce skin friction have not been demonstrated for dolphins.
The wings of birds have a leading edge feature called the Alula which delays wing stalling at low speeds in a similar manner to the leading edge slat on an aircraft wing.
Thin membrane wings found on bats and insects have features which appear to
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECFA
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ECFA may refer to:
Eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis, released from mast cell granules.
Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement, agreement between Mainland China and Taiwan
Evangelical Council for Financial Accountability, accrediting association for evangelical Christian organizations
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopid%20race
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Ethiopid (also spelled Aethiopid) is an outdated racial classification of humans indigenous to Northeast Africa, who were typically classified as part of the Caucasian race – the Hamitic sub-branch, or in rare instances the Negroid race. The racial classification was generally made up of mostly Afroasiatic-speaking populations of the Horn of Africa, but to an extent also includes several Nilo-Saharan-speaking populations of the Nile Valley and African Great Lakes region (including but not limited to Nilotic and Sudanic-speaking populations).
According to John Baker (1974), in their stable form, their center of distribution was considered to be Horn of Africa, among that region's Hamito-Semitic-speaking populations. Baker described them as being of medium height, with a dolicocephalic or mesocephalic skull (see cephalic index), an essentially Caucasoid facial form, an orthognathic profile (no prognathism) and a rather prominent, narrow nose, often ringlety hair, and an invariably brown skin, with either a reddish or blackish tinge.
The concept of dividing humankind into three races called Caucasoid, Mongoloid, and Negroid (originally named "Ethiopian") was introduced in the 1780s by members of the Göttingen School of History and further developed by Western scholars in the context of racist ideologies during the age of colonialism.
With the rise of modern genetics, the concept of distinct human races in a biological sense has become obsolete. In 2019, the American Associati
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbornane
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Norbornane (also known as bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane) is an organic compound and a saturated hydrocarbon with chemical formula C7H12. It is a crystalline compound with a melting point of 88 °C. The carbon skeleton is derived from cyclohexane ring with a methylene bridge in the 1,4- position, and is a bridged bicyclic compound. The compound is a prototype of a class of strained bicyclic hydrocarbons.
The compound was originally synthesized by reduction of norcamphor.
The name norbornane is derived from bornane, which is 1,7,7-trimethylnorbornane, being a derivative of camphor (bornanone). The prefix nor refers to the stripping of the methyl groups from the parent molecule bornane.
See also
2-Norbornyl cation
Norbornene
Norbornadiene
Bornane
endo-Norborneol
exo-Norborneol
Norcamphor, the ketone derivative of norbornane
References
External links
Norbornane in 3D
Datasheet at Sigma-Aldrich
Bicycloalkanes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead%E2%80%93lag%20compensator
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A lead–lag compensator is a component in a control system that improves an undesirable frequency response in a feedback and control system. It is a fundamental building block in classical control theory.
Applications
Lead–lag compensators influence disciplines as varied as robotics,
satellite control, automobile diagnostics, LCDs and laser frequency stabilisation. They are an important building block in analog control systems, and
can also be used in digital control.
Given the control plant, desired specifications can be achieved using compensators. I, P, PI, PD, and PID, are optimizing controllers which are used to improve system parameters (such as reducing steady state error, reducing resonant peak, improving system response by reducing rise time). All these operations can be done by compensators as well,
used in cascade compensation technique.
Theory
Both lead compensators and lag compensators introduce a pole–zero pair into the open loop transfer function. The transfer function can be written in the Laplace domain as
where X is the input to the compensator, Y is the output, s is the complex Laplace transform variable, z is the zero frequency and p is the pole frequency. The pole and zero are both typically negative, or left of the origin in the complex plane. In a lead compensator, ,
while in a lag compensator .
A lead-lag compensator consists of a lead compensator cascaded with a lag compensator. The overall transfer function can be written as
Typ
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor%20Puiseux
|
Victor Alexandre Puiseux (; 16 April 1820 – 9 September 1883) was a French mathematician and astronomer. Puiseux series are named after him, as is in part the Bertrand–Diquet–Puiseux theorem. His work on algebraic functions and uniformization makes him a direct precursor of Bernhard Riemann, for what concerns the latter's work on this subject and his introduction of Riemann surfaces. He was also an accomplished amateur mountaineer. A peak in the French alps, which he climbed in 1848, is named after him.
A species of Israeli gecko, Ptyodactylus puiseuxi, is named in his honor.
Life
He was born in 1820 in Argenteuil, Val-d'Oise. He occupied the chair of celestial mechanics at the Sorbonne. Excelling in mathematical analysis, he introduced new methods in his account of algebraic functions, and by his contributions to celestial mechanics advanced knowledge in that direction. In 1871, he was unanimously elected to the French Academy.
One of his sons, Pierre Henri Puiseux, was a famous astronomer.
He died in 1883 in Frontenay, France.
References
1820 births
1883 deaths
People from Argenteuil
French Roman Catholics
19th-century French mathematicians
École Normale Supérieure alumni
Academic staff of the University of Paris
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selected%20area%20diffraction
|
Selected area (electron) diffraction (abbreviated as SAD or SAED) is a crystallographic experimental technique typically performed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). It is a specific case of electron diffraction used primarily in material science and solid state physics as one of the most common experimental techniques. Especially with appropriate analytical software, SAD patterns (SADP) can be used to determine crystal orientation, measure lattice constants or examine its defects.
Principle
In transmission electron microscope, a thin crystalline sample is illuminated by parallel beam of electrons accelerated to energy of hundreds of kiloelectron volts. At these energies samples are transparent for the electrons if the sample is thinned enough (typically less than 100 nm). Due to the wave–particle duality, the high-energetic electrons behave as matter waves with wavelength of a few thousandths of a nanometer. The relativistic wavelength is given by
where is Planck's constant, is the electron rest mass, is the elementary charge, is the speed of light and is an electric potential accelerating the electrons (also called acceleration voltage). For instance the acceleration voltage of 200 000 kV results in a wavelength of 2.508 pm.
Since the spacing between atoms in crystals is about a hundred times larger, the electrons are diffracted on the crystal lattice, acting as a diffraction grating. Due to the diffraction, part of the electrons is scattered
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static%20pressure
|
In fluid mechanics the term static pressure has several uses:
In the design and operation of aircraft, static pressure is the air pressure in the aircraft's static pressure system.
In fluid dynamics, many authors use the term static pressure in preference to just pressure to avoid ambiguity. Often however, the word ‘static’ may be dropped and in that usage pressure is the same as static pressure at a nominated point in a fluid.
The term static pressure is also used by some authors in fluid statics.
Static pressure in design and operation of aircraft
An aircraft's static pressure system is the key input to its altimeter and, along with the pitot pressure system, also drives the airspeed indicator.
The static pressure system is open to the aircraft's exterior through a small opening called the static port, which allows sensing the ambient atmospheric pressure at the altitude at which the aircraft is flying. In flight, the air pressure varies slightly at different positions around the aircraft's exterior, so designers must select the static ports' locations carefully. Wherever they are located, the air pressure that the ports observe will generally be affected by the aircraft's instantaneous angle of attack. The difference between that observed pressure and the actual atmospheric pressure (at altitude) causes a small position error in the instruments' indicated altitude and airspeed. A designer's objective in locating the static port is to minimize the resulting position
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon%20Crystal
|
is a 1990 video game developed and published by Sega for their Game Gear and Master System. The game is similar to and shares assets with Fatal Labyrinth, which was also released around that time.
Plot
As the player rides a bicycle one late afternoon, he turns down an alley never before noticed and enters an antique shop. There, a mysterious glowing crystal is sitting on a shelf. Upon approaching the crystal and gazing into it, a powerful force pulls the player in, causing a blackout.
The player awakens in a forest with a large egg following behind. This forest is a huge maze, crawling with dangerous creatures. The player finds weapons and other items scattered around with which to fight the monsters. The only way out is to continue onward, defeating monsters and growing in power along the way.
Gameplay
The player starts off in the middle of a maze level covered by fog. The first ten levels are a mix of trees, cacti, sunflowers, and Easter Island style statues. Progress is achieved by completing each floor and warping to the next by walking the character to a differently colored square, found by clearing the level.
Weapons, armor, potions, rings, food, money and enemies are randomly placed on the ground. If a player walks around for too long without picking up food, he will die of starvation. Cake objects give 11 to 27 and meat objects 42 to 46 food points and each food point allows the character to move six spaces on the screen and the maximum number of food points is 99
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangeretin
|
Tangeretin is an O-polymethoxylated flavone that is found in tangerine and other citrus peels. Tangeretin strengthens the cell wall and acts as a plant's defensive mechanism against disease-causing pathogens.
It has also been used as a marker compound to detect contamination in citrus juices.
The following is a list of methods used to extract tangeretin from citrus peels:
column chromatography
preparative-high performance liquid chromatography
super critical fluid chromatography
high speed counter current chromatography
a combination of vacuum flash silica gel chromatography and flash C8 column chromatography
flash chromatography
isolation using ionic liquids and a cycle of centrifugation and decantation
The low solubility of Tangeretin is one of the main reasons for the low bioavailability of Tangeretin (and other flavonoids in general), and has been reported as a major challenge when using the compound in laboratory procedures.
However, methods for tangeretin extraction are currently being tested to maximize efficiency and percent yields as its uses in treatment of cancer and other diseases are becoming better understood.
Tangeretin is commercially available as a dietary supplement. Tangeretin has also demonstrated beneficial applications in other pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetic processes.
Tangeretin can be found as various synonyms throughout literature and research, including Tangeritin and 5,6,7,8,4’-pentamethoxyflavone (VIII).
References
O-me
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APCR
|
APCR may refer to:
Armour-Piercing Composite Rigid - a type of armor piercing projectile
Association for Protection of Civil Rights - a non-governmental organization
Activated protein C resistance - a hemostatic disorder
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tellurobismuthite
|
Tellurobismuthite, or tellurbismuth, is a telluride mineral: bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3). It crystallizes in the trigonal system. There are natural cleavage planes in the (0001) direction as the crystal is effectively lamellar (layered) in that plane. The Mohs hardness is 1.5 - 2 and the specific gravity is 7.815. It is a dull grey color, which exhibits a splendent luster on fresh cleavage planes.
Discovery and occurrence
It was first described in 1815 and type localities include the Mosnap mine in Toke, Telemark, Norway; the Little Mildred mine, Sylvanite District, Hidalgo County, New Mexico and the Boly Field Mine, Dahlonega, Lumpkin County, Georgia.
It occurs in low sulfur hydrothermal gold-quartz veins and occurs with native gold, native bismuth, gold tellurides, tetradymite, altaite, chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite.
See also
List of minerals
References
D. M Chizhikov and V. P. Shchastlivyi, 1966, Tellurium and Tellurides, Nauka Publishing, Moscow
Bismuth minerals
Telluride minerals
Tetradymite group
Trigonal minerals
Minerals in space group 166
Minerals described in 1815
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zonule%20of%20Zinn
|
The zonule of Zinn () (Zinn's membrane, ciliary zonule) (after Johann Gottfried Zinn) is a ring of fibrous strands forming a zonule (little band) that connects the ciliary body with the crystalline lens of the eye. These fibers are sometimes collectively referred to as the suspensory ligaments of the lens, as they act like suspensory ligaments.
Development
The non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells of the eye synthesize portions of the zonules.
Anatomy
The zonule of Zinn is split into two layers: a thin layer, which lies near the hyaloid fossa, and a thicker layer, which is a collection of zonular fibers. Together, the fibers are known as the suspensory ligament of the lens. The zonules are about 1–2 μm in diameter.
The zonules attach to the lens capsule 2 mm anterior and 1 mm posterior to the equator, and arise of the ciliary epithelium from the pars plana region as well as from the valleys between the ciliary processes in the pars plicata.
When colour granules are displaced from the zonules of Zinn (by friction against the lens), the irises slowly fade. In some cases those colour granules clog the channels and lead to glaucoma pigmentosa.
The zonules are primarily made of fibrillin, a connective tissue protein. Mutations in the fibrillin gene lead to the condition Marfan syndrome, and consequences include an increased risk of lens dislocation.
Clinical appearance
The zonules of Zinn are difficult to visualize using a slit lamp, but may be seen with exceptional dil
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stilbenoid
|
Stilbenoids are hydroxylated derivatives of stilbene. They have a C6–C2–C6 structure. In biochemical terms, they belong to the family of phenylpropanoids and share most of their biosynthesis pathway with chalcones. Most stilbenoids are produced by plants, and the only known exception is the antihelminthic and antimicrobial stilbenoid, 2-isopropyl-5-[(E)-2-phenylvinyl]benzene-1,3-diol, biosynthesized by the Gram-negative bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens.
Chemistry
Stilbenoids are hydroxylated derivatives of stilbene and have a C6–C2–C6 structure. They belong to the family of phenylpropanoids and share most of their biosynthesis pathway with chalcones. Under UV irradiation, stilbene and its derivatives undergo intramolecular cyclization, called stilbene photocyclization to form dihydrophenanthrenes. Oligomeric forms are known as oligostilbenoids.
Types
Aglycones
Piceatannol in the roots of Norway spruces
Pinosylvin is a fungal toxin protecting wood from fungal infection, found in trees of the pine family
Pterostilbene in almonds, pine and vaccinium berries
Resveratrol in grapes
Glycosides
Astringin in the bark of Norway spruce
Piceid is a resveratrol derivative in grape juices
Production
Stilbenoids are produced in various plants, for example they are secondary products of heartwood formation in trees that can act as phytoalexins. Another example is resveratrol, an antifungal which is found in grapes and which has been suggested to have health benefits. Ampelops
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhu%E2%80%93Takaoka%20string%20matching%20algorithm
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In computer science, the Zhu–Takaoka string matching algorithm is a variant of the Boyer–Moore string-search algorithm. It uses two consecutive text characters to compute the bad-character shift. It is faster when the alphabet or pattern is small, but the skip table grows quickly, slowing the pre-processing phase.
References
http://www-igm.univ-mlv.fr/~lecroq/string/node20.html
String matching algorithms
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uthina
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Uthina is also a spider genus (Pholcidae)
Uthina or Oudna () was an ancient Roman-Berber city located near Tunis, Tunisia.
History
Uthina was a town in the province of Africa Proconsularis, now northern Tunisia.
Uthina became a Roman colony of veterans of Legio XIII Gemina during the reign of Emperor Augustus. Hence, it was mentioned by Ptolemy (IV, 3, 34), Pliny the Elder, and the Tabula Peutingeriana.
From the accounts given by geographers the site seems to be the ruins that form the archeological site of Oudna, near a station on the railway from Tunis to Kef and not far from what was the World War II Oudna Airfield. These ruins occupy a surface nearly three miles in circumference, covering a hilly plateau, and commanding the left bank of the Milian wady; there are remains of a fortress, cisterns, an aqueduct, a triumphal arch, a theatre, an amphitheater, a basilica with a circular crypt, and a bridge. Many mosaics are to be found there as well.
Uthina amphitheater
The Uthina amphitheater is located in the north of the former city. It is half dug into the hill and the seats were addorsed to the slope; only the upper part of the building with the arcs is above ground.
The edifice, which dates from the reign of Hadrian, measures 113mx90m and seated about 16,000. The amphitheater has undergone digging and renovations since the start of excavations in 1993. The central arena measures 58mx35m. An underground vaulted gallery aligned in a major axis provides access to the a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equation%20of%20exchange
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In monetary economics, the equation of exchange is the relation:
where, for a given period,
is the total money supply in circulation on average in an economy.
is the velocity of money, that is the average frequency with which a unit of money is spent.
is the price level.
is an index of real expenditures (on newly produced goods and services).
Thus PQ is the level of nominal expenditures. This equation is a rearrangement of the definition of velocity: V = PQ / M. As such, without the introduction of any assumptions, it is a tautology. The quantity theory of money adds assumptions about the money supply, the price level, and the effect of interest rates on velocity to create a theory about the causes of inflation and the effects of monetary policy.
In earlier analysis before the wide availability of the national income and product accounts, the equation of exchange was more frequently expressed in transactions form:
where
is the transactions velocity of money, that is the average frequency across all transactions with which a unit of money is spent (including not just expenditures on newly produced goods and services, but also purchases of used goods, financial transactions involving money, etc.).
is an index of the real value of aggregate transactions.
Foundation
The foundation of the equation of exchange is the more complex relation:
where:
and are the respective price and quantity of the i-th transaction.
is a row vector of the .
is a column vector of
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P110%CE%B4
|
Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform also known as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) delta isoform or p110δ is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PIK3CD gene.
p110δ regulates immune function. In contrast to the other class IA PI3Ks p110α and p110β, p110δ is principally expressed in leukocytes (white blood cells). Genetic and pharmacological inactivation of p110δ has revealed that this enzyme is important for the function of T cells, B cell, mast cells and neutrophils. Hence, p110δ is a promising target for drugs that aim to prevent or treat inflammation, autoimmunity and transplant rejection.
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) phosphorylate the 3-prime OH position of the inositol ring of inositol lipids. The class I PI3Ks display a broad phosphoinositide lipid substrate specificity and include p110α, p110β and p110γ. p110α and p110β interact with SH2/SH3-domain-containing p85 adaptor proteins and with GTP-bound Ras.
Biochemistry
Like the other class IA PI3Ks, p110δ is a catalytic subunit, whose activity and subcellular localisation are controlled by an associated p85α, p55α, p50α or p85β regulatory subunit. The p55γ regulatory subunit is not thought to be expressed at significant levels in immune cells. There is no evidence for selective association between p110α, p110β or p110δ for any particular regulatory subunit. The class IA regulatory subunits (collectively referred to here as p85) bind to proteins that have been pho
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead%20telluride
|
Lead telluride is a compound of lead and tellurium (PbTe). It crystallizes in the NaCl crystal structure with Pb atoms occupying the cation and Te forming the anionic lattice. It is a narrow gap semiconductor with a band gap of 0.32 eV. It occurs naturally as the mineral altaite.
Properties
Dielectric constant ~1000.
Electron Effective mass ~ 0.01me
Hole mobility, μp = 600 cm2 V−1 s−1 (0 K); 4000 cm2 V−1 s−1 (300 K)
Applications
PbTe has proven to be a very important intermediate thermoelectric material. The performance of thermoelectric materials can be evaluated by the figure of merit, , in which is the Seebeck coefficient, is the electrical conductivity and is the thermal conductivity. In order to improve the thermoelectric performance of materials, the power factor () needs to be maximized and the thermal conductivity needs to be minimized.
The PbTe system can be optimized for power generation applications by improving the power factor via band engineering. It can be doped either n-type or p-type with appropriate dopants. Halogens are often used as n-type doping agents. PbCl2, PbBr2 and PbI2 are commonly used to produce donor centers. Other n-type doping agents such as Bi2Te3, TaTe2, MnTe2, will substitute for Pb and create uncharged vacant Pb-sites. These vacant sites are subsequently filled by atoms from the lead excess and the valence electrons of these vacant atoms will diffuse through crystal. Common p-type doping agents are Na2Te, K2Te and Ag2Te. They su
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badil
|
Badil may refer to:
Badil, Iran, a village in Khuzestan Province, Iran
Al-badil (disambiguation), Arabic for the alternative
Crystal violet, by the trade name Badil
BADIL Resource Center for Palestinian Residency and Refugee Rights
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SDF-1
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SDF-1 may refer to:
Stromal cell-derived factor 1, a protein in cell biology
SDF-1 Macross, a fictional spaceship from the anime series The Super Dimension Fortress Macross
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AGAS
|
Agas or AGAS may refer to:
Agăș, a commune in Bacău County, Romania
Agăș River, Romania
Antiglobalization activists in Syria
Amino-acid N-acetyltransferase, an enzyme
Neoabietadiene synthase, an enzyme
Ralph Agas (1540–1621), English land surveyor
Agas operations, Australian reconnaissance commandos operations in Borneo during World War II
Agha (Ottoman Empire)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youssef%20Hmimssa
|
Youssef Hmimssa is a citizen of Morocco, who was convicted in a Detroit, Michigan court of fraud and who was a key witness in the case against the Detroit Sleeper Cell.
Biography
Hmimssa left Morocco in 1990, when he was 18. He spent the next four years in Europe, using false identity papers under the name Patrick Vuillame.
In 1994 he arrived in the United States. Hmimssa claims that other than living under a false identity he wasn't breaking any laws. He drove a cab, in Chicago, Illinois while he attended Northeastern University. In 1999 he received a bachelor's degree in Computer Science and Microsoft certified system engineer certificate.
Hmimssa says he was cheated of two months pay at his last computer job. He said the firm purposely hired illegal immigrants, knowing it could cheat them of their pay, without repercussions. He claimed this drove him to a life of crime.
Hmimssa returned to driving a cab, and acquired a clandestine credit card reader, and stole the information necessary to duplicate hundreds of credit cards from his cab fares.
In 2001 he moved to Detroit, where he met the men he testified against in the sleeper cell case. Richard Convertino characterized the defendants as "Takfiris" -- Jihadists so radical they would refrain from praying, and drink alcohol, so they could pass as westernised, secular Muslims, in order to plan clandestine terrorist attacks.
But the case unraveled on Hmimssa's testimony.
Alleged role in the aftermath of 9/11
Imm
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-cell%20lymphoma
|
T-cell lymphoma is a rare form of cancerous lymphoma affecting T-cells. Lymphoma arises mainly from the uncontrolled proliferation of T-cells and can become cancerous.
T-cell lymphoma is categorized under Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and represents less than 15% of all Non-Hodgkin's diseases in the category. T-cell lymphomas are often categorised based on their growth patterns as either; aggressive (fast-growing) or indolent (slow-growing). Although the cause of T-cell lymphoma is not definitive, it has been associated with various risk factors and viruses such as Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and Human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV1).
The prognosis and treatment of T-cell lymphoma can vary drastically based on the specific type of lymphoma and its growth patterns. Due to their rarity and high variability between the different subtypes, the prognosis of T-cell lymphoma is significantly worse than other Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The treatment of T-cell lymphoma is often similar to other Non-Hodgkin lymphomas with early-stage treatments consisting of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. The effectiveness of these treatments is often varied between subtypes with most receiving a poor outcome with high relapse rates.
Types
There are many types and variations of T-cell lymphoma, each with vastly different symptoms, survival, and prognosis. The classification of T-cell lymphoma has been difficult to accomplish due to the lack of understanding of their biology. Most classifications are basic
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplitude%20modulation%20signalling%20system
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The amplitude modulation signalling system (AMSS or the AM signalling system) is a digital system for adding low bit rate information to an analogue amplitude modulated broadcast signal in the same manner as the Radio Data System (RDS) for frequency modulated (FM) broadcast signals.
This system has been standardized in March 2006 by ETSI (TS 102 386) as an extension to the Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) system.
Broadcasting
AMSS data are broadcast from the following transmitters:
LW
RTL France: 234 kHz
SW
BBC World Service: 15.575 MHz
Formerly it was also used by:
MW
Truckradio 531 kHz
BBC World Service: 648 kHz
Deutschlandradio Kultur: 990 kHz
External links
ETSI TS 102 386 V1.2.1 (2006-03) directly from ETSI Publications Download Area (account or free registration required)
Radio technology
Broadcast engineering
2006 introductions
2006 establishments
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMSS
|
AMSS may stand for:
Metropolitan Area of San Salvador (Área Metropolitana de San Salvador)
Amarchand & Mangaldas & Suresh A Shroff & Co, an Indian law firm
Amplitude modulation signalling system, a digital system for adding information to AM broadcast signals
Ainsworth's Maternal Sensitivity Scale, a measure of maternal sensitivity
Aeronautical mobile-satellite service
Auto-Moto Association of Serbia, an FIA member organisation
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London%20County%20Cricket%20Club
|
London County Cricket Club was a short-lived cricket club founded by the Crystal Palace Company. In 1898 they invited WG Grace to help them form a first-class cricket club. Grace accepted the offer and became the club's secretary, manager and captain. As a result, he severed his connection with Gloucestershire CCC during the 1899 season. The club played first-class matches between 1900 and 1904.
The club's home ground was Crystal Palace Park Cricket Ground in south London. Some of the leading players of the time played matches for the club while continuing to play for their usual teams, among them CB Fry, JWHT Douglas, Albert Trott and Ranjitsinhji. The increase in the importance of the County Championship, Grace's own inevitable decline in form (given that he was over fifty years old) and the lack of a competitive element in the matches led to a decline in attendances and consequently meant the team lost money. The final first-class matches were played in 1904 and the enterprise folded in 1908.
In 2004 the club was relaunched by former Essex, Somerset and Leicestershire wicketkeeper-batsman Neil Burns as a mentoring organisation for the development and support of cricketers.
See also
List of London County Cricket Club players
Notes
References
WG Grace gets the hump, Cricinfo, 28 January 2006
Cricket Archive Scorecard Oracle
London County Cricket Club (home page of the modern club)
Further reading
Brian Pearce, Cricket at the Crystal Palace: W.G. Grace and the Lo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MuSK%20protein
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MuSK (for Muscle-Specific Kinase) is a receptor tyrosine kinase required for the formation and maintenance of the neuromuscular junction. It is activated by a nerve-derived proteoglycan called agrin, which is similarly also required for neuromuscular junction formation.
MuSK signaling
Upon activation by its ligand agrin, MuSK signals via the proteins called casein kinase 2 (CK2), Dok-7 and rapsyn, to induce "clustering" of acetylcholine receptors (AChR). Both CK2 and Dok-7 are required for MuSK-induced formation of the neuromuscular junction, since mice lacking Dok-7 failed to form AChR clusters or neuromuscular synapses, and since downregulation of CK2 also impedes recruitment of AChR to the primary MuSK scaffold. In addition to the proteins mentioned, other proteins are then gathered, to form the endplate to the neuromuscular junction. The nerve terminates onto the endplate, forming the neuromuscular junction - a structure required to transmit nerve impulses to the muscle, and thus initiating muscle contraction.
Role in disease
Antibodies directed against this protein (Anti-MuSK autoantibodies) are found in some people with myasthenia gravis not demonstrating antibodies to the acetylcholine receptor. The disease still causes loss of acetylcholine receptor activity, but the symptoms affected people experience may differ from those of people with other causes of myasthenia gravis.
References
Tyrosine kinase receptors
Developmental neuroscience
Proteins
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20sea%20anemone%20families
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Actiniaria form an order of animals in the class Anthozoa that includes sea anemones.
Taxonomy
Rodriguez et al proposed a new classification for the Actiniaria based on extensive DNA results.
Suborders, Superfamilies and Families included in Actiniaria are:
Suborder Anenthemonae
Superfamily Edwardsioidea
Family Edwardsiidae
Superfamily Actinernoidea
Family Actinernidae
Family Halcuriidae
Suborder Enthemonae
Superfamily Actinostoloidea
Family Actinostolidae
Family Halcampulactidae
Superfamily Actinioidea
Family Actiniidae
Family Actinodendridae
Family Andresiidae
Family Capneidae
Family Condylanthidae
Family Haloclavidae
Family Homostichanthidae
Family Iosactinidae
Family Limnactiniidae
Family Liponematidae
Family Minyadidae
Family Oractinidae
Family Phymanthidae
Family Preactiniidae
Family Ptychodactinidae
Family Stichodactylidae
Family Thalassianthidae
Superfamily Metridioidea
Family Acontiophoridae
Family Actinoscyphiidae
Family Aiptasiidae
Family Aiptasiomorphidae
Family Aliciidae
Family Amphianthidae
Family Andvakiidae
Family Antipodactinidae
Family Bathyphelliidae
Family Boloceroididae
Family Diadumenidae
Family Exocoelactinidae
Family Gonactiniidae
Family Halcampidae
Family Haliactinidae
Family Haliplanellidae
Family Hormathiidae
Family Isanthidae
Family Kadosactinidae
Family Metridiidae
Family Mimetridiidae
Family Nemanthidae
Family Nevadneidae
Family Octineonidae
Family Ostiactinidae
Family Phelliidae
Family R
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris%E2%80%93Harrington%20theorem
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In mathematical logic, the Paris–Harrington theorem states that a certain combinatorial principle in Ramsey theory, namely the strengthened finite Ramsey theorem, which is expressible in Peano arithmetic, is not provable in this system. The combinatorial principle is however provable in slightly stronger systems.
This result has been described by some (such as the editor of the Handbook of Mathematical Logic in the references below) as the first "natural" example of a true statement about the integers that could be stated in the language of arithmetic, but not proved in Peano arithmetic; it was already known that such statements existed by Gödel's first incompleteness theorem.
Strengthened finite Ramsey theorem
The strengthened finite Ramsey theorem is a statement about colorings and natural numbers and states that:
For any positive integers n, k, m, such that m ≥ n, one can find N with the following property: if we color each of the n-element subsets of S = {1, 2, 3,..., N} with one of k colors, then we can find a subset Y of S with at least m elements, such that all n-element subsets of Y have the same color, and the number of elements of Y is at least the smallest element of Y.
Without the condition that the number of elements of Y is at least the smallest element of Y, this is a corollary of the finite Ramsey theorem in , with N given by:
Moreover, the strengthened finite Ramsey theorem can be deduced from the infinite Ramsey theorem in almost exactly the same way th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replication%20factor%20C
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The replication factor C, or RFC, is a five-subunit protein complex that is required for DNA replication.
The subunits of this heteropentamer are named Rfc1, Rfc2, Rfc3, Rfc4, and Rfc5 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. RFC is used in eukaryotic replication as a clamp loader, similar to the γ Complex in Escherichia coli. Its role as a clamp loader involves catalyzing the loading of PCNA onto DNA. It binds to the 3' end of the DNA and uses ATP to open the ring of PCNA so that it can encircle the DNA. ATP hydrolysis causes the release of RFC, with concomitant clamp loading onto DNA. For DNA polymerase, RFC serves as primer identification. RFC plays an important role in the proliferation, invasion, and progression of various malignant tumors. RFC acts as a tumor suppressor gene.
RFC sub-units
The 5 subunits of replication factor C are
1.RFC1[140KDa]
2.RFC2[40KDa]
3.RFC3[38KDa]
4.RFC4[37KDa]
5.RFC5[36KDa]
Eukaryotes, yeast, mice, drosophila, calf thymus, humans, rice, and Arabidopsis all contain 5 subunits. There are genes such as 13q12.3-q13, 3q27, and p140 [RFC1], p40[RFC2], p38[RFC3], p37[RFC4],p36 [RFC5] are located on human chromosomal segments. RFC Boxes [1-8] are the amino acid sequences found in human replication factor C. RFC 1 is the largest RFC subunit, with 8RFC Boxes. Other RFC subunits also have 7 RFC boxes. RFC box 1 has a 90 amino acid-long region, while RFC box 2 is a highly conserved subunit. RFC box 3 includes a phosphate-binding loop. RFC box 5 is the sec
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaiosome
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Elaiosomes ( élaion "oil" + sóma "body") are fleshy structures that are attached to the seeds of many plant species. The elaiosome is rich in lipids and proteins, and may be variously shaped. Many plants have elaiosomes that attract ants, which take the seed to their nest and feed the elaiosome to their larvae. After the larvae have consumed the elaiosome, the ants take the seed to their waste disposal area, which is rich in nutrients from the ant frass and dead bodies, where the seeds germinate. This type of seed dispersal is termed myrmecochory from the Greek "ant" (myrmex) and "circular dance" (khoreíā). This type of symbiotic relationship appears to be mutualistic, more specifically dispersive mutualism according to Ricklefs, R.E. (2001), as the plant benefits because its seeds are dispersed to favorable germination sites, and also because it is planted (carried underground) by the ants.
Elaiosomes develop in various ways either from seed tissues (chalaza, funiculus, hilum, raphe-antiraphe) or from fruit tissues (exocarp, receptacle, flower tube, perigonium, style or spicule). The various origins and developmental pathways apparently all serve the same main function, i.e. attracting ants. Because elaiosomes are present in at least 11,000, but possibly up to 23,000 species of plants, elaiosomes are a dramatic example of convergent evolution in flowering plants.
Caruncle
The particular elaiosome in the spurge family Euphorbiaceae is called caruncle (Latin caruncula "wa
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%28D%29J%20recombination
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V(D)J recombination is the mechanism of somatic recombination that occurs only in developing lymphocytes during the early stages of T and B cell maturation. It results in the highly diverse repertoire of antibodies/immunoglobulins and T cell receptors (TCRs) found in B cells and T cells, respectively. The process is a defining feature of the adaptive immune system.
V(D)J recombination in mammals occurs in the primary lymphoid organs (bone marrow for B cells and thymus for T cells) and in a nearly random fashion rearranges variable (V), joining (J), and in some cases, diversity (D) gene segments. The process ultimately results in novel amino acid sequences in the antigen-binding regions of immunoglobulins and TCRs that allow for the recognition of antigens from nearly all pathogens including bacteria, viruses, parasites, and worms as well as "altered self cells" as seen in cancer. The recognition can also be allergic in nature (e.g. to pollen or other allergens) or may match host tissues and lead to autoimmunity.
In 1987, Susumu Tonegawa was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity".
Background
Human antibody molecules (including B cell receptors) are composed of heavy and light chains, each of which contains both constant (C) and variable (V) regions, genetically encoded on three loci:
The immunoglobulin heavy locus (IGH@) on chromosome 14, containing the gene segments for the immuno
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary%20of%20literary%20terms
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This glossary of literary terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts used in the discussion, classification, analysis, and criticism of all types of literature, such as poetry, novels, and picture books, as well as of grammar, syntax, and language techniques. For a more complete glossary of terms relating to poetry in particular, see Glossary of poetry terms.
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
Z
See also
Glossary of poetry terms
Index of literature articles
Literary criticism
Literary theory
References
Further reading
M. H. Abrams. A Glossary of Literary Terms. Thomson-Wadsworth, 2005. .
Chris Baldick. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms. Oxford Univ. Press, 2001. .
Edwin Barton & G. A. Hudson. Contemporary Guide To Literary Terms. Houghton-Mifflin, 2003. .
Mark Bauerlein. Literary Criticism: An Autopsy. Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, 1997. .
Karl Beckson & Arthur Ganz. Literary Terms: A Dictionary. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1989. .
Peter Childs. The Routledge Dictionary of Literary Terms. Routledge, 2005. .
J. A. Cuddon. The Penguin Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory. Penguin Books, 2000. .
Dana Gioia. The Longman Dictionary of Literary Terms: Vocabulary for the Informed Reader. Longman, 2005. .
Garner, Bryan. Garner's Modern English Usage. Oxford University Press, 2016.
Sharon Hamilton. Essential Literary Terms: A Brief Norton Guide with Exercises. W. W. Norton, 2006. .
William Harmon. A Handbook t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Varna
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The siege of Varna (July 13–September 29, 1828) was a battle during the Russo-Turkish War, 1828–1829.
History
Varna was held by the Ottoman army. An approach to Varna by Russian forces was first attempted on June 28, but the Russian avantgarde was met by significant Turkish forces, and the siege was postponed.
By the end of July, the Black Sea Fleet under the command of Aleksey Greig approached Varna and delivered the landing forces. In mid-August the Guards Corps arrived at Varna, with Emperor Nicholas I. The siege was put under the command of Adjutant General Menshikov, with total forces of 23,000 personnel and 170 artillery pieces against the 20,000 garrison of Varna. When Menshikov was wounded the siege was entrusted to General Field Marshal Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov.
In an attempt to relieve the siege of Varna, Omer Vrioni brought an army of 20,000 but was successfully held off. At the battle of Kurtepe the Russians under Prince Eugen of Württemberg attacked but they were defeated and retreated. However the Turks did not follow up this victory and waited 11 days at the place. In the meantime Varna capitulated.
Eventually Varna was taken with 6,900 prisoners and 140 artillery pieces. The town was surrendered by Yusuf Pasha.
However, the Russians suffered big losses during the summer-autumn campaign and withdrew from Varna and the Danube to resume the campaign in the following spring. The Russians had lost 6,000 men in the siege from battles and disease.
Reference
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innisfree%2C%20Alberta
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Innisfree is a village in central Alberta, Canada. It is located 52 km west of Vermilion along the Yellowhead Highway.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Village of Innisfree had a population of 187 living in 94 of its 124 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 193. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
The population of the Village of Innisfree according to its 2017 municipal census is 223.
In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Village of Innisfree recorded a population of 193 living in 96 of its 126 total private dwellings, a change from its 2011 population of 220. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016.
See also
List of communities in Alberta
List of villages in Alberta
References
External links
1911 establishments in Alberta
County of Minburn No. 27
Villages in Alberta
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactions%20on%20surfaces
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Reactions on surfaces are reactions in which at least one of the steps of the reaction mechanism is the adsorption of one or more reactants. The mechanisms for these reactions, and the rate equations are of extreme importance for heterogeneous catalysis. Via scanning tunneling microscopy, it is possible to observe reactions at the solid gas interface in real space, if the time scale of the reaction is in the correct range. Reactions at the solid–gas interface are in some cases related to catalysis.
Simple decomposition
If a reaction occurs through these steps:
A + S ⇌ AS → Products
where A is the reactant and S is an adsorption site on the surface and the respective rate constants for the adsorption, desorption and reaction are k1, k−1 and k2, then the global reaction rate is:
where:
r is the rate, mol·m−2·s−1
is the concentration of adsorbate, mol·m−3
is the surface concentration of occupied sites, mol·m−2
is the concentration of all sites (occupied or not), mol·m−2
is the surface coverage, (i.e. ) defined as the fraction of sites which are occupied, which is dimensionless
is time, s
is the rate constant for the surface reaction, s−1.
is the rate constant for surface adsorption, m3·mol−1·s−1
is the rate constant for surface desorption, s−1
is highly related to the total surface area of the adsorbent: the greater the surface area, the more sites and the faster the reaction. This is the reason why heterogeneous catalysts are usually chosen to have great surface a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RTI
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RTI or Rti may refer to:
Broadcasters
Radiodiffusion Television Ivoirienne, state broadcaster of Ivory Coast
Radio Taiwan International, an international radio station in Taiwan
Reti Televisive Italiane, a subsidiary of Italian media company Mediaset
Other businesses
RTI International, formerly Research Triangle Institute, a not-for-profit American research organization
RTI International Metals, an American company producing titanium
RTI Producciones, a Colombian television production company
In science and technology
In computing and telecommunications
Run-time infrastructure (simulation)
In medicine
Reproductive tract infection
Respiratory tract infection
Reverse-transcriptase inhibitor, a class of antiretroviral drug
Other uses in science and technology
Ramp travel index, a measure of an off road vehicle articulation, ability to keep all wheels in contact with the ground over uneven terrain
Rayleigh–Taylor instability, an instability of an interface between two fluids of different densities which occurs when the lighter fluid is pushing the heavier fluid
referred-to-input
Reflectance Transformation Imaging, a computational photographic method that can reveal hidden details about cultural or forensic artifacts
Receiver Transmitter line card, in the MIDS radio communication standard
Response Time Index, a measure of the thermal responsiveness of fire sprinklers
Relative temperature index, UL plastic thermal-aging criteria
Other uses
Response to in
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Faery%20Queen
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The Faery Queen may be:
The Faerie Queene, 1590 epic poem by Edmund Spenser
The Fairy-Queen, 1692 music drama by Henry Purcell based on Shakespeare's Midsummer Night's Dream (and not on Spenser's poem)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second%20partial%20derivative%20test
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In mathematics, the second partial derivative test is a method in multivariable calculus used to determine if a critical point of a function is a local minimum, maximum or saddle point.
Functions of two variables
Suppose that is a differentiable real function of two variables whose second partial derivatives exist and are continuous. The Hessian matrix of is the 2 × 2 matrix of partial derivatives of :
Define to be the determinant
of . Finally, suppose that is a critical point of , that is, that . Then the second partial derivative test asserts the following:
If and then is a local minimum of .
If and then is a local maximum of .
If then is a saddle point of .
If then the point could be any of a minimum, maximum, or saddle point (that is, the test is inconclusive).
Sometimes other equivalent versions of the test are used. In cases 1 and 2, the requirement that is positive at implies that and have the same sign there. Therefore, the second condition, that be greater (or less) than zero, could equivalently be that or be greater (or less) than zero at that point.
A condition implicit in the statement of the test is that if or , it must be the case that and therefore only cases 3 or 4 are possible.
Functions of many variables
For a function f of three or more variables, there is a generalization of the rule above. In this context, instead of examining the determinant of the Hessian matrix, one must look at the eigenvalues of the Hessian matrix
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosonic%20field
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In quantum field theory, a bosonic field is a quantum field whose quanta are bosons; that is, they obey Bose–Einstein statistics. Bosonic fields obey canonical commutation relations, as distinct from the canonical anticommutation relations obeyed by fermionic fields.
Examples include scalar fields, describing spin-0 particles such as the Higgs boson, and gauge fields, describing spin-1 particles such as the photon.
Basic properties
Free (non-interacting) bosonic fields obey canonical commutation relations. Those relations also hold for interacting bosonic fields in the interaction picture, where the fields evolve in time as if free and the effects of the interaction are encoded in the evolution of the states. It is these commutation relations that imply Bose–Einstein statistics for the field quanta.
Examples
Examples of bosonic fields include scalar fields, gauge fields, and symmetric 2-tensor fields, which are characterized by their covariance under Lorentz transformations and have spins 0, 1 and 2, respectively. Physical examples, in the same order, are the Higgs field, the photon field, and the graviton field. Of the last two, only the photon field can be quantized using the conventional methods of canonical or path integral quantization. This has led to the theory of quantum electrodynamics, one of the most successful theories in physics. Quantization of gravity, on the other hand, is a long-standing problem that has led to development of theories such as string theor
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming%20language%20theory
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Programming language theory (PLT) is a branch of computer science that deals with the design, implementation, analysis, characterization, and classification of formal languages known as programming languages. Programming language theory is closely related to other fields including mathematics, software engineering, and linguistics. There are a number of academic conferences and journals in the area.
History
In some ways, the history of programming language theory predates even the development of programming languages themselves. The lambda calculus, developed by Alonzo Church and Stephen Cole Kleene in the 1930s, is considered by some to be the world's first programming language, even though it was intended to model computation rather than being a means for programmers to describe algorithms to a computer system. Many modern functional programming languages have been described as providing a "thin veneer" over the lambda calculus, and many are easily described in terms of it.
The first programming language to be invented was Plankalkül, which was designed by Konrad Zuse in the 1940s, but not publicly known until 1972 (and not implemented until 1998). The first widely known and successful high-level programming language was Fortran, developed from 1954 to 1957 by a team of IBM researchers led by John Backus. The success of FORTRAN led to the formation of a committee of scientists to develop a "universal" computer language; the result of their effort was ALGOL 58. Separatel
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion%20flame
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In combustion, a diffusion flame is a flame in which the oxidizer and fuel are separated before burning. Contrary to its name, a diffusion flame involves both diffusion and convection processes. The name diffusion flame was first suggested by S.P. Burke and T.E.W. Schumann in 1928, to differentiate from premixed flame where fuel and oxidizer are premixed prior to burning. The diffusion flame is also referred to as nonpremixed flame. The burning rate is however still limited by the rate of diffusion. Diffusion flames tend to burn slower and to produce more soot than premixed flames because there may not be sufficient oxidizer for the reaction to go to completion, although there are some exceptions to the rule. The soot typically produced in a diffusion flame becomes incandescent from the heat of the flame and lends the flame its readily identifiable orange-yellow color. Diffusion flames tend to have a less-localized flame front than premixed flames.
The contexts for diffusion may vary somewhat. For instance, a candle uses the heat of the flame itself to vaporize its wax fuel and the oxidizer (oxygen) diffuses into the flame from the surrounding air, while a gaslight flame (or the safety flame of a Bunsen burner) uses fuel already in the form of a vapor.
Diffusion flames are often studied in counter flow (also called opposed jet) burners. Their interest is due to possible application in the flamelet model for turbulent combustion. Furthermore they provide a convenient way to
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threshold%20expression
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Mitochondrial threshold effect is a phenomenon where the number of mutated mtDNA has surpassed a certain threshold which causes the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis of a mitochondrion to fail. There isn't a set number that needs to be surpassed, however, it is associated with an increase of the number of mutated mtDNA. When there is 60-80% of mutated mtDNA present, that is said to be the threshold level. While 60-80% is the general threshold level, this is also dependent on the individual, the specific organ in question and what the specific mutation is. There are three specific types of mitochondrial threshold effects: phenotypic threshold effect, biochemical threshold effect and translational threshold effect.
Threshold expression is a phenomenon in which phenotypic expression of a mitochondrial disease within an organ system occurs when the severity of the mutation, relative number of mutant mtDNA, and reliance of the organ system on oxidative phosphorylation combine in such a way that ATP production of the tissue falls below the level required by the tissue. The phenotype may be expressed even if the percentage of mutant mtDNA is below 50% if the mutation is severe enough.
Phenotypic threshold effect
Phenotypic threshold effect is when there is a certain amount of wild-type mtDNA present in the mitochondrion which is able to balance out the number of mutated mtDNA. As a result, the phenotype is normal. However, if the number of wild-type mtDNA decreases and t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eicosameric
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Eicosameric refers to biological polymers or multimers having exactly twenty 'monomers' (or 20 repeating components).
Protein complexes having exactly 20 subunits are referred to as eicosameric (or sometimes 20-Meric).
Examples of eicosameric protein complexes include;
The rat GTPCHI/GFRP stimulatory complex (involved in regulating sub cellular signalling cascades)
See also
Protein quaternary structure
External links
The Macromolecular Structure Database (MSD) at the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) serves a list of the Probabable Quaternary Structure (PQS) for every protein in the Protein Data Bank (PDB).
The Protein Interfaces, Surfaces and Assemblies (Pisa) server at the MSD.
Protein structure
Polymers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemic%20Bird%20Areas%20of%20the%20World
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Endemic Bird Areas of the World: Priorities for Biodiversity Conservation represents an effort to document in detail the endemic biodiversity conservation importance of the world's Endemic Bird Areas.
The authors are Alison J. Stattersfield, Michael J. Crosby, Adrian J. Long, and David C. Wege, with a foreword by Queen Noor of Jordan. Endemic Bird Areas of the World: Priorities for Biodiversity Conservation contains 846 pages, and is a 1998 publication by Birdlife International, No. 7 in their Birdlife Conservation Series.
Six Introductory Sections
The book has six introductory sections:
"Biodiversity and Priority setting"
"Identifying Endemic Bird Areas"
"Global Analyses"
"The Prioritization of Endemic Bird Areas"
"The Conservation Relevance of Endemic Bird Areas"
"Endemic Bird Areas as Targets for Conservation Action"
Six Regional Introductions
These are then followed by six Regional Introductions, in which Endemic Bird Areas are grouped into six major regions:
North and Central America
South America
Africa, Europe, and the Middle East
Continental Asia
South-east Asian Islands, New Guinea and Australia
Pacific Islands
Endemic Bird Areas
The bulk of the book consists of accounts of each of the 218 Endemic Bird Areas. Each account contains the following information:
summary statistics about the EBA
A "General Characteristics" section
A section giving an overview of the restricted-range endemic bird species found in the EBA
A Threats and Conservation sectio
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caput%20succedaneum
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Caput succedaneum is a neonatal condition involving a serosanguinous, subcutaneous, extraperiosteal fluid collection with poorly defined margins caused by the pressure of the presenting part of the scalp against the dilating cervix (tourniquet effect of the cervix) during delivery.
It involves bleeding below the scalp and above the periosteum.
See also
Cephalohematoma
Cephalic
Chignon (medical term)
Hematoma
Subgaleal hemorrhage
References
External links
Birth trauma
Vascular-related cutaneous conditions
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphamosaic
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Alphamosaic Ltd was a fabless semiconductor company specialising in low power mobile multimedia processors, based on their VideoCore architecture.
Alphamosaic was founded in Cambridge, UK by Robert Swann and Steve Barlow in October 2000, as a spin out from Cambridge Consultants supported by venture capital from Prelude Trust, ACT and TTP Ventures.
Developed at a time when video and multimedia processing was challenging on mobile devices, the technology centered round a novel 2D digital signal processor (DSP) architecture called VideoCore for low-power processing of video and images. It was used in consumer devices including phones from Samsung and the first Apple video iPod to handle video record and playback, image capture and processing, audio capture and processing, graphics, games and ringtones.
In September 2004, Alphamosaic was acquired by Broadcom for $123 million, forming its Mobile Multimedia group on the Cambridge Science Park site.
Initial products VC01 and VC02 were multimedia coprocessors, later products were application processors. For a list of products, see VideoCore.
See also
VideoCore
References
Broadcom
Companies based in Cambridge
2004 mergers and acquisitions
Defunct computer companies of the United Kingdom
Defunct manufacturing companies of the United Kingdom
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelkar
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Shelkar or Shekar, (Tibetan: , "white crystal") also called New Tingri, is the administrative centre for Tingri County, Shigatse Prefecture in southern Tibet Autonomous Region.
Location
The town lies 7 km off the Friendship Highway between Lhatse and Tingri, at an altitude of about 4,300 metres (approx. 14,107 feet), at the southern foot of 5,260 m high Gyatso La. It is approximately 60 km north-west of Mount Everest and just over 50 km from the Nepali border in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China.
Landmarks
Shelkar is famous for the Shelkar Chode Monastery, a Gelug monastery which was completely destroyed but is being restored. Despite being founded in 1266 by a Kagyu lama, it has been a Gelugpa monastery since the 17th century, and formerly had some 400 monks. Although, destroyed by the Red Guards during the Cultural Revolution, the assembly hall has been rebuilt, and there is an active branch monastery in Boudhanath, Nepal.
The old Shekar Dorje dzong, or fort, is above the new town and used to enclose Shekar Chode. The ruins of the old Dzong are located on the hill behind the monastery.
Gateway to Everest
The early British expeditions to Mount Everest in 1921, 1922 and 1924 all stopped at Shelkar Dzong on their way from Darjeeling to the northern side of Everest.
Footnotes
References
External links
Photograph of Shekar Dzong in 1924 at The Bentley Beetham Collection
Populated places in Shigatse
Township-level divisions of Tibet
Buddhist monasteries in Tibet
B
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefimenko%27s%20equations
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In electromagnetism, Jefimenko's equations (named after Oleg D. Jefimenko) give the electric field and magnetic field due to a distribution of electric charges and electric current in space, that takes into account the propagation delay (retarded time) of the fields due to the finite speed of light and relativistic effects. Therefore they can be used for moving charges and currents. They are the particular solutions to Maxwell's equations for any arbitrary distribution of charges and currents.
Equations
Electric and magnetic fields
Jefimenko's equations give the electric field E and magnetic field B produced by an arbitrary charge or current distribution, of charge density ρ and current density J:
where r′ is a point in the charge distribution, r is a point in space, and
is the retarded time. There are similar expressions for D and H.
These equations are the time-dependent generalization of Coulomb's law and the Biot–Savart law to electrodynamics, which were originally true only for electrostatic and magnetostatic fields, and steady currents.
Origin from retarded potentials
Jefimenko's equations can be found from the retarded potentials φ and A:
which are the solutions to Maxwell's equations in the potential formulation, then substituting in the definitions of the electromagnetic potentials themselves:
and using the relation
replaces the potentials φ and A by the fields E and B.
Heaviside–Feynman formula
The Heaviside–Feynman formula, also known as the Jefimenk
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahtopol%20Peak
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Ahtopol Peak (, ) is a sharp peak 510m in the Vidin Heights on Varna Peninsula, Livingston Island. The peak is named after the Black Sea town of Ahtopol, Bulgaria.
Location
The peak is located at which is 1.28 km southeast of Miziya Peak, 4.2 km northeast of Leslie Hill and 6.58 km north of Melnik Peak.
The peak was first mapped in the Bulgarian Tangra 2004/05 topographic survey.
See also
List of Bulgarian toponyms in Antarctica
Antarctic Place-names Commission
Maps
L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009.
A. Kamburov and L. Ivanov. Bowles Ridge and Central Tangra Mountains: Livingston Island, Antarctica. Scale 1:25000 map. Sofia: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2023.
References
Ahtopol Peak. SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
External links
Ahtopol Peak. Copernix satellite image
Mountains of Livingston Island
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbanasi%20Nunatak
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Arbanasi Nunatak (Nunatak Arbanasi \'nu-na-tak ar-ba-'na-si\) is a 320 m high rocky peak in Vidin Heights on Varna Peninsula, Livingston Island in Antarctica. The peak was named after the settlement and monastery of Arbanasi near the old Bulgarian capital of Veliko Tarnovo.
Location
The peak is located at which is 860 m east by southeast of Sharp Peak, 2 km west of Kubrat Knoll and 2.56 km northwest of Edinburgh Hill.
See also
Tangra 2004/05
Livingston Island
List of Bulgarian toponyms in Antarctica
Antarctic Place-names Commission
Maps
L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009.
References
Arbanasi Nunatak. SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
External links
Arbanasi Nunatak. Copernix satellite image
Nunataks of Livingston Island
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bezmer%20Point
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Bezmer Point (Nos Bezmer \'nos bez-'mer\) is on the northwest coast of the Varna Peninsula on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The point is situated 9.6 km east-northeast of Siddins Point and 3 km southwest of Kotis Point and 4.9 km west-southwest of Miziya Peak. The feature was named after the settlement of Bezmer in Southeastern Bulgaria, in association with the Bulgarian ruler Khan Bezmer (7th Century AD).
Location
The point is located at (British mapping in 1822 and 1968, Argentine in 1980, and Bulgarian in 2005 and 2009).
Maps
L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009.
References
Bezmer Point. SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
External links
Bezmer Point. Copernix satellite image
Headlands of Livingston Island
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyana%20Glacier
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Boyana Glacier (, ) in Levski Ridge, Tangra Mountains on Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands in Antarctica is situated southeast of Macy Glacier and west-southwest of Srebarna Glacier. It is bounded by Vazov Rock on the west, St. Naum Peak, Starosel Gate, Silistra Knoll and Kotel Gap on the north, and Christoff Cliff on the east. The glacier extends 3 km in east-west direction and 1.6 km in north-south direction, and flows southeastward into the Bransfield Strait between Vazov Point and Aytos Point.
The feature is named after the Bulgarian settlement of Boyana, now part of Sofia.
Location
The glacier is centred at . Bulgarian mapping in 2005 and 2009.
See also
List of glaciers in the Antarctic
Glaciology
Maps
South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 Sheet W 62 60. Tolworth, UK, 1968.
Islas Livingston y Decepción. Mapa topográfico a escala 1:100000. Madrid: Servicio Geográfico del Ejército, 1991.
S. Soccol, D. Gildea and J. Bath. Livingston Island, Antarctica. Scale 1:100000 satellite map. The Omega Foundation, USA, 2004.
L.L. Ivanov et al., Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands (from English Strait to Morton Strait, with illustrations and ice-cover distribution), 1:100000 scale topographic map, Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, Sofia, 2005
L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Fo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debelt%20Glacier
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The Debelt Glacier (, ) on Varna Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is situated southeast of Rose Valley Glacier and northeast of Panega Glacier. It drains the southeastern slopes of Vidin Heights and flows into Moon Bay between Edinburgh Hill and Helis Nunatak. The glacier extends three km in an east-west direction, and 1.5 km in north-south direction.
Debelt glacier is centred at (62.5319° S; 60.0628° W). Bulgarian topographic survey Tangra 2004/05 and mapping in 2005 and 2009.
The feature is named after the settlement of Debelt in Southeastern Bulgaria, successor of the ancient town of Deultum.
Registered in the SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer.
See also
List of glaciers in the Antarctic
Glaciology
Maps
L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009.
A. Kamburov and L. Ivanov. Bowles Ridge and Central Tangra Mountains: Livingston Island, Antarctica. Scale 1:25000 map. Sofia: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2023.
References
Debelt Glacier. SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
External links
Debelt Glacier. Copernix
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dospat%20Peak
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Dospat Peak (, ; , ) is a mountain peak in the Vidin Heights on Varna Peninsula, Livingston Island, part of the South Shetland Islands off the coast of Antarctica. The peak is named after the town of Dospat in the Rhodope Mountains, Bulgaria.
Location
The peak is located at which is 1 km east-southeast of Miziya Peak, 930 m south of Krichim Peak and 340 m north of Ahtopol Peak. (Bulgarian mapping in 2005 and 2009 from the Tangra 2004/05 topographic survey.)
Maps
L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009.
A. Kamburov and L. Ivanov. Bowles Ridge and Central Tangra Mountains: Livingston Island, Antarctica. Scale 1:25000 map. Sofia: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2023.
External links
Dospat Peak. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
External links
Dospat Peak. Copernix satellite image
Mountains of Livingston Island
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliseyna%20Cove
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Eliseyna Cove (, ) is a 3 km wide cove indenting for 1.4 km in the northwest coast of Varna Peninsula between Slab Point to the north and Kotis Point to the south. The cove is named after the Iskar Gorge settlement of Eliseyna in western Bulgaria.
Location
The cove is centred at which is 10.22 km northeast of Siddins Point and 5.24 km south-southwest of Williams Point (British mapping in 1968, Bulgarian mapping in 2005 and 2009 from the Tangra 2004/05 topographic survey).
Maps
South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 Sheet W 62 60. Tolworth, UK, 1968.
L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2010. (First edition 2009. )
Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly updated.
L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Smith Island. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2017.
References
Eliseyna Cove. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
External links
Eliseyna Cove. Copernix satellite image
Coves of Livings
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helis%20Nunatak
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Helis Nunatak (Nunatak Helis \'nu-na-tak 'he-lis\) is a crown-shaped rocky peak of elevation 340 m in Vidin Heights on Varna Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Western Antarctica. The peak is named after the ancient Thracian capital town of Helis whose remains are located at Sveshtari, northeastern Bulgaria.
Location
The peak is located at which is 3 km west of Edinburgh Hill, 1.9 km south of Sharp Peak and 1.85 km east-southeast of Madara Peak (Bulgarian mapping in 2005 and 2009 from the Tangra 2004/05 topographic survey).
Maps
L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009.
A. Kamburov and L. Ivanov. Bowles Ridge and Central Tangra Mountains: Livingston Island, Antarctica. Scale 1:25000 map. Sofia: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2023.
References
Helis Nunatak. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
External links
Helis Nunatak. Copernix satellite image
Nunataks of Livingston Island
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karavelova%20Point
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Karavelova Point or Nos Karavelova ( is on the northeast coast of Varna Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica forming the south side of the entrance to Lister Cove. It is named after Ekaterina Karavelova (1860–1947), translator, author and woman activist.
Location
The point is located at which is 2.1 km south of Pomorie Point, 7 km southeast of Williams Point and 3.6 km northwest of Inott Point.
Maps
L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009.
External links
Karavelova Point. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer.
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
External links
Karavelova Point. Copernix satellite image
Headlands of Livingston Island
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canaveral%20National%20Seashore
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The Canaveral National Seashore (CANA) is a National Seashore located between New Smyrna Beach and Titusville, Florida, in Volusia and Brevard Counties. The park, located on a barrier island, was created on January 3, 1975, by an act of Congress. The park is split between Brevard and Volusia counties, with 9 miles of the seashore in Brevard County, and 15 miles of the seashore in Volusia County. CANA consists of 24 miles of beaches, dunes, mangrove wetlands, and a large portion of the Mosquito Lagoon. The Canaveral National Seashore is also the longest expanse of undeveloped land along the East Coast of Florida. The Canaveral National Seashore is home to more than 1,000 plant species and 310 bird species. CANA occupies (including lagoons). There are 3 major beach sections in the seashore. The southern section is Playalinda Beach, the middle section is Klondike Beach, and the northern section is Apollo Beach.
History
In 1955, plans were drafted to declare a national park in a 9,000 acre portion of the present day location after a National Park Service survey. To see this through, a committee dedicated to forming a national park was formed in Volusia County. On April 26, 1968, the Volusia County Board of Commissioners passed Resolution No. 68-51 requesting the Department of the Interior to establish a National Seashore on the east coast of Volusia County, Florida. In 1968, William "Bill" Chappell was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. During his first year in offic
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavarna%20Cove
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Kavarna Cove (, ) is a 2 km wide cove indenting for 1.2 km the south coast of Livingston Island (in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica) that is entered between Elephant Point and Bond Point. It was named after the town of Kavarna in northeastern Bulgaria.
Location
The cove is located at (British mapping in 1968, Spanish in 1991, and Bulgarian in 2005 and 2009).
See also
List of Bulgarian toponyms in Antarctica
References
Kavarna Cove. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
External links
Kavarna Cove. Copernix satellite image
Coves of Livingston Island
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotis%20Point
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Kotis Point (Nos Kotis \'nos 'ko-tis\) is a point on the northwest coast of Varna Peninsula on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica forming the south side of the entrance to Eliseyna Cove. The point is featuring a conspicuous rock at its tip, situated 3 km northeast of Bezmer Point, 6.6 km southwest of Williams Point and 12.6 km east-northeast of Siddins Point. It was named after the Thracian King Kotis I, 384-359 BC.
Location
The point is located at (Bulgarian topographic survey Tangra 2004/05 and mapping in 2005 and 2009).
Maps
L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009.
References
Kotis Point. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
External links
Kotis Point. Copernix satellite image
Headlands of Livingston Island
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krichim%20Peak
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Krichim Peak (, ) is an ice-covered peak of elevation 500 m in Vidin Heights on Varna Peninsula, Livingston Island, an island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Surmounting Saedinenie Snowfield to the northwest and Panega Glacier to the southeast. The peak is named after the town of Krichim in Southern Bulgaria.
Location
The cliff is located at which is 1.11 km northeast of Miziya Peak, 930 m north of Dospat Peak, 380 m southwest of Passy Peak and 1.73 km west-northwest of Madara Peak (Bulgarian mapping in 2005 and 2009 from the Tangra 2004/05 topographic survey).
Maps
L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009.
References
Krichim Peak. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
External links
Krichim Peak. Copernix satellite image
Mountains of Livingston Island
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubrat%20Knoll
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Kubrat Knoll (Kubratova Mogila \ku-'bra-to-va mo-'gi-la\) is a rocky peak of elevation 140 m at the base of Inott Point, Varna Peninsula on eastern Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It is named after Khan Kubrat, 632-668 AD, who founded the Kingdom of Great Bulgaria on the territory bounded by the Caucasus, Volga and the Carpathians in 632 AD.
Location
The knoll is located at which is 700 m west by south of Inott Point, 1.93 km east of Arbanasi Nunatak and 1.7 km north of Edinburgh Hill (Bulgarian mapping in 2005 and 2009 from the Tangra 2004/05 topographic survey).
Maps
L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009.
References
Kubrat Knoll. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
External links
Kubrat Knoll. Copernix satellite image
Hills of Livingston Island
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie%20Gap
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Leslie Gap (Sedlovina Leslie \se-dlo-vi-'na 'les-li\) is a 359m high ice-covered saddle extending 2.8 km in south-north direction between Leslie Hill and Radnevo Peak on Varna Peninsula in northeastern Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The saddle separates the glacial catchments of Kaliakra Glacier to the east and Saedinenie Snowfield to the west. It is part of the overland route from Bowles Ridge to Vidin Heights. The south extremity of the saddle features a minor but conspicuous ice-covered knoll of elevation 404 m just north of Leslie Hill. Leslie Gap takes its name from the adjacent Leslie Hill and was first trekked by the Bulgarian Lyubomir Ivanov from Camp Academia on 25 December 2004.
Location
The gap is centred at which is 2.16 km north-northeast of the midpoint of Elhovo Gap, 6.1 km north of Omurtag Pass and 1.29 km southwest of Miziya Peak (British mapping in 1968, rough Argentine mapping in 1980, and Bulgarian mapping in 2005 and 2009 from the topographic survey Tangra 2004/05).
Maps
L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009.
A. Kamburov and L. Ivanov. Bowles Ridge and Central Tangra Mountains: Livingston Island, Antarctica. Sca
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaccagnaite
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Zaccagnaite is a mineral, with a formula Zn4Al2CO3(OH)12·3H2O. It occurs as white hexagonal crystals associated with calcite in cavites in Carrara marble of the Italian Alps and is thought to have formed by hydrothermal alteration of sphalerite in an aluminium rich environment. It is named after Domenico Zaccagna (1851–1940), an Italian mineral collector.
See also
List of minerals
List of minerals named after people
References
Webmineral data
Mindat.org
Zinc minerals
Aluminium minerals
Carbonate minerals
Hexagonal minerals
Minerals in space group 194
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewcell
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Dewcells, dewcels or dew cell are instruments used for determining the dew point. They consist of a small heating element surrounded by a solution of lithium chloride. As the LiCl absorbs moisture from the air, conduction across the heating element increases, current in it increases, and heat increases, evaporating moisture from the salt solution. At a certain temperature the amount of moisture absorbed by the salt solution equals the amount evaporated (equilibrium).
Inside the dewcell core a thermistor composite (or other temperature measurement device) changes electrical resistance with the temperature created by the heating. A front end processor provides a reference voltage, measures the output of the network, and calculates the dew point.
References
External links
Foxboro Dewcel documentation
Atmospheric thermodynamics
Meteorological instrumentation and equipment
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurological%20examination
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A neurological examination is the assessment of sensory neuron and motor responses, especially reflexes, to determine whether the nervous system is impaired. This typically includes a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history, but not deeper investigation such as neuroimaging. It can be used both as a screening tool and as an investigative tool, the former of which when examining the patient when there is no expected neurological deficit and the latter of which when examining a patient where you do expect to find abnormalities. If a problem is found either in an investigative or screening process, then further tests can be carried out to focus on a particular aspect of the nervous system (such as lumbar punctures and blood tests).
In general, a neurological examination is focused on finding out whether there are lesions in the central and peripheral nervous systems or there is another diffuse process that is troubling the patient. Once the patient has been thoroughly tested, it is then the role of the physician to determine whether these findings combine to form a recognizable medical syndrome or neurological disorder such as Parkinson's disease or motor neurone disease. Finally, it is the role of the physician to find the cause for why such a problem has occurred, for example finding whether the problem is due to inflammation or is congenital.
Indications
A neurological examination is indicated whenever a healthcare provider suspects that a patient
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madara%20Peak
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Madara Peak (, ) is a 430 m peak in Vidin Heights on Varna Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Surmounting Panega Glacier to the south. Steep and partly ice-free southern slopes. The peak is named after the historic site of Madara in northeastern Bulgaria.
Location
The peak is located at , which is 1.26 km northeast of Samuel Peak, 1.25 km north-northwest of Sakar Peak, 1.3 km northeast of Samuel Peak, 2.6 km east of Miziya Peak, 1.4 km south-southwest of Rakovski Nunatak, 2.5 km southwest of Sharp Peak and 4.97 km west by north of Edinburgh Hill (Bulgarian topographic survey Tangra 2004/05, and mapping in 2005 and 2009).
Maps
L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009.
A. Kamburov and L. Ivanov. Bowles Ridge and Central Tangra Mountains: Livingston Island, Antarctica. Scale 1:25000 map. Sofia: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2023.
References
Madara Peak. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
External links
Madara Peak. Copernix satellite image
Mountains of Livingston Island
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magura%20Glacier
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Magura Glacier (, ) on the southeast side of Tangra Mountains on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is located to the north of M'Kean Point, northeast of Srebarna Glacier, south of Iskar Glacier and southwest of Dobrudzha Glacier. It is bounded by Great Needle Peak to the west, Vitosha Saddle, Vihren Peak and Helmet Peak to the northwest, Plovdiv Peak and Shishman Peak to the north, and Devin Saddle and Kuber Peak to the northeast. The glacier extends 3.5 km in southwest-northeast direction and 1.9 km in northwest-southeast direction, and flows southeastward into Bransfield Strait.
The feature is named after Magura Cave in Bulgaria.
Location
Magura Glacier is centred at (Bulgarian mapping in 2005 and 2009).
See also
List of glaciers in the Antarctic
Glaciology
Maps
South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 Sheet W 62 60. Tolworth, UK, 1968.
South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 Sheet W 62 58. Tolworth, UK, 1968.
Islas Livingston y Decepción. Mapa topográfico a escala 1:100000. Madrid: Servicio Geográfico del Ejército, 1991.
S. Soccol, D. Gildea and J. Bath. Livingston Island, Antarctica. Scale 1:100000 satellite map. The Omega Foundation, USA, 2004.
L.L. Ivanov et al., Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands (from English Strait to Morton Strait, with illustrations and ice-cover distribution), 1:100000 scale topographic map, Antarctic Place-names Commissi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miziya%20Peak
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Miziya Peak (, ) is the 604 m summit of Vidin Heights on Varna Peninsula, eastern Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The peak overlooks Kaliakra Glacier to the south, and Saedinenie Snowfield to the northwest. First ascent by Lyubomir Ivanov from Camp Academia on 25 December 2004, as part of Tangra 2004/05 survey.
The peak is named after the Bulgarian town of Miziya in relation to the ancient Thracian province of Miziya (Moesia).
Location
The peak is located at , which is 7.4 km north of Melnik Peak, 9.25 km north by east of Mount Bowles, 4.24 km north-northeast of Leslie Hill, 4.19 km north-northeast of Castra Martis Hill, 5.4 km northeast of the summit of Gleaner Heights, 4.55 km south-southeast of Kotis Point, 9.47 km south of Williams Point and 7.52 km west of Edinburgh Hill (Bulgarian topographic survey Tangra 2004/05, and mapping in 2005 and 2009).
Maps
L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009.
L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Smith Island. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2017.
A. Kamburov and L. Ivanov. Bowles Ridge and Central Tangra Mountains: Livingston Island, Antarctica. Scale 1:25000
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panega%20Glacier
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Panega Glacier (, ) on Varna Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is situated southeast of the northeastern portion of Saedinenie Snowfield, south of Rose Valley Glacier, southwest of Debelt Glacier and north of lower Kaliakra Glacier. It drains the southeast slopes of Vidin Heights and flows into Moon Bay between Helis Nunatak and Perperek Knoll. The glacier extends in the southeast-northwest direction, and in the southwest-northeast direction. It is named after Zlatna Panega River in northern Bulgaria.
Location
The glacier is centred at (Bulgarian topographic survey Tangra 2004/05 and mapping in 2005 and 2009).
See also
List of glaciers in the Antarctic
Glaciology
Maps
L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009.
Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated.
A. Kamburov and L. Ivanov. Bowles Ridge and Central Tangra Mountains: Livingston Island, Antarctica. Scale 1:25000 map. Sofia: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2023.
References
Panega Glacier. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer.
Bulgarian Antarctic
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passy%20Peak
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Passy Peak (, ) is a peak of elevation 510 m in Vidin Heights on Varna Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Surmounting Panega Glacier to the southeast, Rose Valley Glacier to the northeast, and Saedinenie Snowfield to the northwest. The peak is named after Solomon Passy (b. 1956) in appreciation of his role in organizing the Bulgarian Antarctic campaigns and the upgrade of St. Kliment Ohridski base in 1993–96.
Location
The peak is located at , which is 1.4 km northeast of Miziya Peak, 8.6 km south of Williams Point, 1.6 km west-northwest of Madara Peak and 380 m northeast of Krichim Peak (Bulgarian topographic survey Tangra 2004/05, and mapping in 2005 and 2009).
Maps
L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009.
References
Passy Peak. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
External links
Passy Peak. Copernix satellite image
Mountains of Livingston Island
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perperek%20Knoll
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Perperek Knoll (Perperekska Mogila \per-pe-'rek-ska mo-'gi-la\) is a 360 m peak in Vidin Heights on Varna Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Partly ice-free southeast slopes. Surmounting Kaliakra Glacier to the west and south. The peak is named after the settlement of Perperek in the Rhodope Mountains hosting the remains of the Thracian holy town of Perperikon.
Location
The knoll is located at which is 5.77 km north of Sliven Peak, 4.51 km northeast of Leslie Hill and 2.41 km southeast of Miziya Peak (Bulgarian topographic survey Tangra 2004/05, and mapping in 2005 and 2009).
Maps
L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands (from English Strait to Morton Strait, with illustrations and ice-cover distribution). Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009.
A. Kamburov and L. Ivanov. Bowles Ridge and Central Tangra Mountains: Livingston Island, Antarctica. Scale 1:25000 map. Sofia: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2023.
Notes
References
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
Perperek Knoll. SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica
External links
Perperek Knoll. Copernix satellite image
Hills of Livingston Is
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomorie%20Point
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Pomorie Point (Nos Pomorie \'nos po-'mo-ri-e\) is a point on the coast of McFarlane Strait forming the north side of the entrance to Lister Cove, Varna Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.
The point is named after the Bulgarian town of Pomorie.
Location
The point is located at , which is 5.17 km southeast of Williams Point, 7.61 km northeast of Miziya Peak in Vidin Heights, 5.49 km northwest of Inott Point, 4.36 km south-southwest of Duff Point, Greenwich Island, and 2.5 km south-southeast of Channel Rock (British mapping in 1968, Bulgarian mapping in 2005 and 2009).
Maps
South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 Sheet W 62 60. Tolworth, UK, 1968.
L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2010. (First edition 2009. )
Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly updated.
L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Smith Island. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2017.
References
Pomorie Point. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names C
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radichkov%20Peak
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Radichkov Peak (, ) rises to 500 m in Levski Ridge, Tangra Mountains, eastern Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The peak overlooks Srebarna Glacier to the southwest and Magura Glacier to the northeast and has steep and ice-free eastern slopes. An offshoot extending 900 m in south direction ends up in Kalofer Peak, forming M'Kean Point to the southeast.
The peak is named after the Bulgarian writer Yordan Radichkov (1929–2004).
Location
The cliff is located at , which is 2.13 km southeast of Great Needle Peak (Pico Falsa Aguja), 2.86 km south of Helmet Peak, 4.16 km southwest of Kuber Peak and 1.3 km north-northwest of M’Kean Point (Bulgarian mapping in 2005 and 2009).
Maps
L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009.
A. Kamburov and L. Ivanov. Bowles Ridge and Central Tangra Mountains: Livingston Island, Antarctica. Scale 1:25000 map. Sofia: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2023.
References
Radichkov Peak. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
External links
Radichkov Peak. Copernix satellite image
Tangra Mountains
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radnevo%20Peak
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Radnevo Peak (, ) is a peak of elevation 481 m forming the southwest extremity of Vidin Heights on Varna Peninsula on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Surmounting Kaliakra Glacier to the southeast and Saedinenie Snowfield to the northwest. Linked to Leslie Hill by Leslie Gap. The peak is named after the town of Radnevo in Southeastern Bulgaria.
First ascent by Lyubomir Ivanov from Camp Academia on 25 December 2004, as part of Tangra 2004/05 survey.
Location
The peak is located at which is 1.08 km southwest of Miziya Peak, 2.42 km west of Samuel Peak, 6.61 km north-northwest of Melnik Peak and 3.16 km north-northeast of Leslie Hill (Bulgarian mapping in 2005 and 2009 from the Tangra 2004/05 topographic survey).
Maps
L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2010. (First edition 2009. )
Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly updated.
L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Smith Island. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2017.
A. Kamburov and L. Ivanov. Bowles Ridge and Central Tangra Mountains: Liv
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakovski%20Nunatak
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Rakovski Nunatak (Rakovski Nunatak \ra-'kov-ski 'nu-na-tak\) is a rocky peak of elevation 430 m in Vidin Heights on Varna Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Surmounting Rose Valley Glacier to the north.
The peak is named after Georgi S. Rakovski (1821–1867), writer and leader of the Bulgarian liberation movement.
Location
The peak is located at , which is 1.58 km west of Sharp Peak, 3.6 km northeast of Miziya Peak and 1.38 km north-northeast of Madara Peak (Bulgarian topographic survey Tangra 2004/05, and mapping in 2005 and 2009).
Maps
L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009.
References
Rakovski Nunatak. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer.
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
External links
Rakovski Nunatak. Copernix satellite image
Nunataks of Livingston Island
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