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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose%20Valley%20Glacier
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Rose Valley Glacier (, ) is a glacier on Varna Peninsula, eastern Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica situated northeast of Saedinenie Snowfield, northwest of Debelt Glacier and north of Panega Glacier. It extends 5.2 km in southeast-northwest direction and 3.7 km in southwest-northeast direction, and drains the northeast slopes of Vidin Heights to flow into Lister Cove and McFarlane Strait between Pomorie Point and Inott Point.
The feature is named after the Valley of Roses in central Bulgaria.
Location
The glacier is located at (Bulgarian topographic survey Tangra 2004/05 and mapping in 2005 and 2009).
See also
List of glaciers in the Antarctic
Glaciology
Maps
L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009.
References
SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
External links
Rose Valley Glacier. Copernix satellite image
Glaciers of Livingston Island
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mora%20knife
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A mora knife () is a small sheath knife. It is a fixed blade knife, with or without a finger guard. The term originates from knives manufactured by the cutleries in Mora, Dalarna. In Sweden and Finland, Mora knives are extensively used in construction and in industry as general-purpose tools. Mora knives are also used by all Scandinavian armies as an everyday knife.
Types
Mora knives were mostly produced by the KJ Eriksson and Frosts Knivfabrik (Frost's Knife Factory) companies; they merged their brands under Mora of Sweden, later renamed Morakniv, but a number of other knife-makers also make mora-style knives. The Morakniv company uses blades of 12C27 stainless steel, UHB-20C carbon steel, Triflex steel, or very hard (HRC 61) carbon steel laminated between softer alloyed steel.
Other manufacturers of mora-type knives are Cocraft a house brand of Clas Ohlson, Best Tools and Hultafors.
Some models
Morakniv
Mora Companion MG High Carbon (replacement of the now discontinued 840 Clipper)
Mora Companion MG Stainless (replacement of the now discontinued 860 Clipper)
Mora Basic 511 carbon
Mora Basic 546 stainless
Mora Bushcraft Series
Mora Kansbol
Mora Garberg
Mora Outdoor 2000
See also
Swiss Army knife
Opinel
EKA (knives)
Mercator K55K
References
Further reading
External links
Morakniv AB
Hultafors
Knives
Culture of Sweden
Knife
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoliquiritigenin
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Isoliquiritigenin is a phenolic chemical compound found in licorice.
Metabolism
The enzyme 6'-deoxychalcone synthase uses malonyl-CoA, 4-coumaroyl-CoA, NADPH, and H+ to produce CoA, isoliquiritigenin, CO2, NADP+, and H2O.
The enzyme isoliquiritigenin 2'-O-methyltransferase further transforms isoliquiritigenin into 2'-O-methylisoliquiritigenin.
Mechanism of action
Isoliquiritigenin has been found to be a potent (65 times higher affinity than diazepam) GABA-A benzodiapine receptor positive allosteric modulator. It can target miR-301b/LRIG1 signaling pathways, resulting in the inhibition of melanoma growth in vitro.
References
Chalconoids
Phenols
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Verna
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La Verna () is a locality on Mount Penna (), an isolated mountain of situated in the centre of the Tuscan Apennines, rising above the valley of the Casentino, central Italy. The place is known especially for its association with Saint Francis of Assisi (he is said to have received the stigmata here) and for the Sanctuary of La Verna (Santuario della Verna), which grew up in his honour. Administratively it falls within the Tuscan province of Arezzo and the comune of Chiusi della Verna, Italy.
The Sanctuary of La Verna, located a few kilometers from Chiusi della Verna (Arezzo), in the National Park of Casentino Forests, Mount Falterona and Campigna, is famous for being the place where St. Francis of Assisi would receive the stigmata on September 14, 1224. Built in the southern part of Mount Penna at high, the Sanctuary is home to numerous chapels and places of prayer and meditation In August 1921 Pope Benedict XV elevated the church to the status of minor basilica.
Name origin
A sanctuary was built atop a place of worship site of the ancient goddess Laverna. Father Salvatore Vitale, a Franciscan scholar of the seventeenth century, wrote:
"About the reason why this Sacred Mount was called Laverna.
This sacred Mount, for ancient tradition of memory it is known, and for many authors, that it was named Laverna after a temple of Laverna, pagan goddess of thieves, built there, and attended by many crassatori and thieves who were in the thick forest that covers it; and thick, deep
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakar%20Peak
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Sakar Peak (, ) is a peak of elevation 355 m in Vidin Heights on Varna Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Partly ice-free southeast slopes. Surmounting Panega Glacier to the north and east, and the lower course of Kaliakra Glacier to the south.
The peak is named after Sakar Mountain in southeastern Bulgaria.
Location
The peak is located at , which is 570 m northeast of Perperek Knoll, 590 m southeast of Samuel Peak, 1.29 km south-southeast of Madara Peak and 2.28 km west-southwest of Helis Nunatak (Bulgarian topographic survey Tangra 2004/05, and mapping in 2005 and 2009).
Maps
L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009.
A. Kamburov and L. Ivanov. Bowles Ridge and Central Tangra Mountains: Livingston Island, Antarctica. Scale 1:25000 map. Sofia: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2023.
References
Sakar Peak. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
External links
Sakar Peak. Copernix satellite image
Mountains of Livingston Island
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srebarna%20Glacier
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Srebarna Glacier (, ) on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is situated east-northeast of Boyana Glacier, southeast of the head of Macy Glacier and southwest of Magura Glacier. It extends 2.3 km in southwest-northeast direction and 1.8 km in northwest-southeast direction, and drains southeast of Serdica Peak and the Great Needle Peak in Levski Ridge, Tangra Mountains to enter Bransfield Strait between Aytos Point and M'Kean Point.
The glacier is named after Srebarna Lake in northeastern Bulgaria.
Location
Srebarna Glacier is centred at . Bulgarian mapping in 2005 and 2009.
See also
List of glaciers in the Antarctic
Glaciology
Maps
L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009.
A. Kamburov and L. Ivanov. Bowles Ridge and Central Tangra Mountains: Livingston Island, Antarctica. Scale 1:25000 map. Sofia: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2023.
References
Srebarna Glacier SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
External links
Srebarna Glacier. Copernix satellite image
Glaciers of Livingston Island
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Bureau%20of%20Statistics%20of%20the%20Republic%20of%20Moldova
|
The National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova (NBS; , abbr. BNS) is the central administrative authority which, as the central statistical body, manages and coordinates the activity in the field of statistics from the country.
In its activity, NBS acts according to the Constitution of the Republic of Moldova, the Law on official statistics, other legislative acts, Parliament decisions, decrees of the President of the Republic of Moldova, ordinances, decisions and Government orders, international treaties of which the Republic of Moldova is part of.
The NBS elaborates independently or in collaboration with other central administrative bodies and approves the methodologies of statistical and calculation surveys of statistical indicators, in accordance with international standards, especially those of the European Union, and with the advanced practice of other countries, as well as taking into account the peculiarities of the socio-economic conditions of the Republic of Moldova, organizes, following the programme of statistical works, annually approved by the Government, statistical surveys regarding the situation and economic, social, demographic development of the country, performing the works related to the collection, processing, centralizing, storage and dissemination of statistical data.
The content published by National Bureau of Statistics on its website may be reused completely or partly, in original or modified, as well as its storage in a retrieval s
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star%20activity
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Star activity is the relaxation or alteration of the specificity of restriction enzyme mediated cleavage of DNA that can occur under reaction conditions that differ significantly from those optimal for the enzyme. The result is typically cleavage at non-canonical recognition sites, or sometimes complete loss of specificity.
Differences which can lead to star include low ionic strength, high pH, and high (> 5% v/v) glycerol concentrations. The latter condition is of particular practical interest, since commercial restriction enzymes are usually supplied in a buffer containing a substantial amount of glycerol (50% v/v is typical), meaning insufficient dilution of the enzyme solution can cause star activity; this problem most often arises during double or multiple digests.
Star activity can happen because of presence of Mg2+, as is seen in HindIII, for example.
The term star activity was introduced by Mayer who characterized the modified activity in EcoRI.
External links
Star Activity - New England Biolabs
Star Activity (Relaxation of Specificity) - Fermentas
Star activity of restriction enzymes - a detailed list from TaKaRa
References
Restriction enzymes
DNA
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna%20Peninsula
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Varna Peninsula (, ) is a roughly rectangular predominantly ice-covered peninsula forming the northeast extremity of Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It is bounded by Hero Bay to the northwest, by Moon Bay to the southeast, and by McFarlane Strait to the northeast.
The peninsula is approximately 14 km long in the southwest–northeast direction and 10 km wide, with a central area occupied by Vidin Heights. The north and east extremities of Varna Peninsula are formed by Phelps Promontory and Williams Point, and by Inott Point respectively. The coast is indented by Lister Cove and Dragon Cove to the northeast, and by Griffin Cove, Charybdis Cove and Eliseyna Cove to the northwest. Bezmer Point is also on the northwest coast of the peninsula.
The area was visited by early 19th century sealers. Williams Point was the first land discovered in the Antarctic Treaty area, by the British navigator William Smith on 19 February 1819.
Varna is the name of a major city on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. This is one of the Bulgarian names bestowed on previously nameless geographical features by the Tangra 2004/05 Expedition.
Location
The midpoint is located at (British mapping in 1822 and 1968, Chilean in 1971, Argentine in 1980, Spanish mapping in 1991, and Bulgarian topographic survey Tangra 2004/05 and mapping in 2005 and 2009).
See also
Vidin Heights
Livingston Island
Maps
South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 Sheet W 62 6
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidin%20Heights
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Vidin Heights (, ) are predominantly ice-covered heights rising to 604 m on Varna Peninsula, eastern Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The feature is approximately 8 km long from the north end of Leslie Gap east-northeastwards to Inott Point and 9.6 km north-northeastwards to Sayer Nunatak. The summit, Miziya Peak, is located 9.25 km north by east of Mount Bowles, 4.24 km north-northeast of Leslie Hill, 9.47 km south of Williams Point and 7.52 km west of Edinburgh Hill. The heights feature also Samuel Peak 1.9 km east-southeast of Miziya Peak, and Sharp Peak at their east-northeast extremity. The heights surmount Saedinenie Snowfield to the northwest, Rose Valley Glacier to the northeast, Debelt Glacier and Panega Glacier to the southeast, and Kaliakra Glacier to the south.
The feature is named after the city of Vidin in northwestern Bulgaria. This is one of the Bulgarian names bestowed on hitherto nameless geographical features by the Tangra 2004/05 Expedition.
Location
The heights' midpoint is located at (UK Directorate of Overseas Surveys mapping in 1968, rough Argentine mapping in 1980, and Bulgarian topographic survey Tangra 2004/05 and mapping in 2005 and 2009).
See also
Miziya Peak
Arbanasi Nunatak
Livingston Island
Maps
L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: L
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemen%20Knoll
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Zemen Knoll (Zemenska Mogila \'ze-men-ska mo-'gi-la\) is a peak of 453 m in the Vidin Heights on Varna Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The knoll overlooks Kaliakra Glacier to the southeast, and Saedinenie Snowfield to the northwest and west. The feature is named after the town of Zemen in Western Bulgaria.
First ascent by Lyubomir Ivanov from Camp Academia on 25 December 2004, as part of Tangra 2004/05 survey.
Location
The knoll is located at , which is 280 m north of Radnevo Peak, 840 m southwest of Miziya Peak and 1.59 km west of Ahtopol Peak.
The knoll was mapped by Bulgaria in 2005 and 2009 from the Tangra topographic survey of 2004/05.
Maps
L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2010. (First edition 2009. )
Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly updated.
L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Smith Island. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2017.
A. Kamburov and L. Ivanov. Bowles Ridge and Central Tangra Mountains: Livingston Island, Antarctica. Scale 1:25000 map. Sofia: Manfre
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8A
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8A, VIII-A or 8a may refer to :
Aisle 8A, the 64th episode of the animated situation comedy King of the Hill
Bone morphogenetic protein 8A in biochemistry
Cyg OB2 -8A, a blue star
Greek National Road 8A
GCR Class 8A, a class of British 0-8-0 steam locomotive
Isotta Fraschini Tipo 8A, a successor to the Tipo 8 model car
Massachusetts Route 8A
Nevada State Route 8A
Secondary State Highway 8A (Washington)
Stalag VIII-A, a German prisoners of war camp
and also :
Atlas Blue IATA airline designator
8(a) Business Development Program a loan program administered by the U.S. Small Business Administration
See also
A8 (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8F
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8F or VIII-F may refer to :
LMS Stanier Class 8F, a 1935 British 2-8-0 heavy freight steam locomotive
A classification of steam locomotives by British Railways, denoting a locomotive rated for large freight duties
Oflag VIII-F, a German prisoner of war camp
Stalag VIII-F, a German prisoner of war camp
Fischer Air IATA airline designator
See also
F8 (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7F
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7F or 7-F can refer to:
IATA code for First Air
Vought YA-7F attack aircraft
VE-7F, a model of Vought VE-7
TRANSYT-7F traffic simulation and signal timing optimization program
S&DJR 7F 2-8-0, or Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway (S&DJR) 7F 2-8-0
AL-7F, a model of Lyulka AL-7
AIM-7F, a model of AIM-7 Sparrow
7F, the hexadecimal value for DEL in binary to ASCII conversion.
7F, the production code for the 1987 Doctor Who serial Delta and the Bannermen
See also
F7 (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biliverdin%20reductase
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Biliverdin reductase (BVR) is an enzyme () found in all tissues under normal conditions, but especially in reticulo-macrophages of the liver and spleen. BVR facilitates the conversion of biliverdin to bilirubin via the reduction of a double-bond between the second and third pyrrole ring into a single-bond.
There are two isozymes, in humans, each encoded by its own gene, biliverdin reductase A (BLVRA) and biliverdin reductase B (BLVRB).
Mechanism of catalysis
BVR acts on biliverdin by reducing its double-bond between the pyrrole rings into a single-bond. It accomplishes this using NADPH + H+ as an electron donor, forming bilirubin and NADP+ as products.
BVR catalyzes this reaction through an overlapping binding site including Lys18, Lys22, Lys179, Arg183, and Arg185 as key residues. This binding site attaches to biliverdin, and causes its dissociation from heme oxygenase (HO) (which catalyzes reaction of ferric heme --> biliverdin), causing the subsequent reduction to bilirubin.
Structure
BVR is composed of two closely packed domains, between 247-415 amino acids long and containing a Rossmann fold. BVR has also been determined to be a zinc-binding protein with each enzyme protein having one strong-binding zinc atom.
The C-terminal half of BVR contains the catalytic domain, which adopts a structure containing a six-stranded beta-sheet that is flanked on one face by several alpha-helices. This domain contains the catalytic active site, which reduces the gamma-methene
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coacervate
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Coacervate ( or ) is an aqueous phase rich in macromolecules such as synthetic polymers, proteins or nucleic acids. It forms through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), leading to a dense phase in thermodynamic equilibrium with a dilute phase. The dispersed droplets of dense phase are also called coacervates, micro-coacervates or coacervate droplets. These structures draw a lot of interest because they form spontaneously from aqueous mixtures and provide stable compartmentalization without the need of a membrane.
The term coacervate was coined in 1929 by Dutch chemist Hendrik G. Bungenberg de Jong and Hugo R. Kruyt while studying lyophilic colloidal dispersions. The name is a reference to the clustering of colloidal particles, like bees in a swarm. The concept was later borrowed by Russian biologist Alexander I. Oparin to describe the proteinoid microspheres proposed to be primitive cells (protocells) on early Earth. Coacervate-like protocells are at the core of the Oparin-Haldane hypothesis.
A reawakening of coacervate research was seen in the 2000s, starting with the recognition in 2004 by scientists at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) that some marine invertebrates (such as the sandcastle worm) exploit complex coacervation to produce water-resistant biological adhesives. A few years later in 2009 the role of liquid-liquid phase separation was further recognized to be involved in the formation of certain membraneless organelles by the biophysicists Cli
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FPD-Link
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Flat Panel Display Link, more commonly referred to as FPD-Link, is the original high-speed digital video interface created in 1996 by National Semiconductor (now within Texas Instruments). It is a free and open standard for connecting the output from a graphics processing unit in a laptop, tablet computer, flat panel display, or LCD television to the display panel's timing controller.
Most laptops, tablet computers, flat-panel monitors, and TVs used the interface internally through 2010, when industry leaders AMD, Dell, Intel, Lenovo, LG, and Samsung together announced that they would be phasing out this interface by 2013 in favor of embedded DisplayPort (eDP).
FPD-Link and LVDS
FPD-Link was the first large-scale application of the low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS) standard. National Semiconductor immediately provided interoperability specifications for the FPD-Link technology in order to promote it as a free and open standard, and thus other IC suppliers were able to copy it. FlatLink by TI was the first interoperable version of FPD-Link.
By the end of the twentieth century, the major notebook computer manufacturers created the Standard Panels Working Group (SPWG) and made FPD-Link / FlatLink the standard for transferring graphics and video through the notebook's hinge.
Automotive and more applications
In automotive applications, FPD-Link is commonly used for navigation systems, in-car entertainment, and backup cameras, as well as other advanced driver-assist
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBE
|
PBE may refer to:
Population balance equation
Potential buoyant energy or convective available potential energy (CAPE)
Programming by example, in computing
Password-based encryption
Protective Breathing Equipment, smoke hoods on aircraft
Phi Beta Epsilon, an MIT fraternity
Prosopography of the Byzantine Empire
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat%20kernel
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In the mathematical study of heat conduction and diffusion, a heat kernel is the fundamental solution to the heat equation on a specified domain with appropriate boundary conditions. It is also one of the main tools in the study of the spectrum of the Laplace operator, and is thus of some auxiliary importance throughout mathematical physics. The heat kernel represents the evolution of temperature in a region whose boundary is held fixed at a particular temperature (typically zero), such that an initial unit of heat energy is placed at a point at time t = 0.
The most well-known heat kernel is the heat kernel of d-dimensional Euclidean space Rd, which has the form of a time-varying Gaussian function,
This solves the heat equation
for all t > 0 and x,y ∈ Rd, where Δ is the Laplace operator, with the initial condition
where δ is a Dirac delta distribution and the limit is taken in the sense of distributions. To wit, for every smooth function ϕ of compact support,
On a more general domain Ω in Rd, such an explicit formula is not generally possible. The next simplest cases of a disc or square involve, respectively, Bessel functions and Jacobi theta functions. Nevertheless, the heat kernel (for, say, the Dirichlet problem) still exists and is smooth for t > 0 on arbitrary domains and indeed on any Riemannian manifold with boundary, provided the boundary is sufficiently regular. More precisely, in these more general domains, the heat kernel for the Dirichlet problem is the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU%20Fortran
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GNU Fortran (GFortran) is an implementation of the Fortran programming language in the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), an open-source and free software project maintained in the open-source programmer community under the umbrella of the GNU Project. It is the successor to previous compiler versions in the suite, such as g77.
History
As of July 2020, GFortran had almost fully implemented Fortran 2008, and about 20% of Fortran 2018. It supports the OpenMP multi-platform shared memory multiprocessing, up to its latest version (4.5). GFortran is also compatible with most language extensions and compilation options supported by g77, and many other popular extensions of the Fortran language.
Since GCC version 4.0.0, released in April 2005, GFortran has replaced the older g77 compiler. The new Fortran front-end for GCC was rewritten from scratch, after the principal author and maintainer of g77, Craig Burley, decided in 2001 to stop working on the g77 front end. GFortran forked off from g95 in January 2003, which itself started in early 2000. The two codebases have "significantly diverged" according to GCC developers, and g95 is not maintained anymore since 2013. Since 2010 the front-end, like the rest of the GCC project, has been migrated to C++, where it was previously written in C. Development of the compiler by volunteer users continues and each new version of GCC incorporates better support for the latest language standards and bug fixes.
See also
Cray pointer
Quadruple pr
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myofilament
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Myofilaments are the three protein filaments of myofibrils in muscle cells. The main proteins involved are myosin, actin, and titin. Myosin and actin are the contractile proteins and titin is an elastic protein. The myofilaments act together in muscle contraction, and in order of size are a thick one of mostly myosin, a thin one of mostly actin, and a very thin one of mostly titin.
Types of muscle tissue are striated skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle, obliquely striated muscle (found in some invertebrates), and non-striated smooth muscle. Various arrangements of myofilaments create different muscles. Striated muscle has transverse bands of filaments. In obliquely striated muscle, the filaments are staggered. Smooth muscle has irregular arrangements of filaments.
Structure
There are three different types of myofilaments: thick, thin, and elastic filaments.
Thick filaments consist primarily of a type of myosin, a motor protein – myosin II. Each thick filament is approximately 15 nm in diameter, and each is made of several hundred molecules of myosin. A myosin molecule is shaped like a golf club, with a tail formed of two intertwined chains and a double globular head projecting from it at an angle. Half of the myosin heads angle to the left and half of them angle to the right, creating an area in the middle of the filament known as the M-region or bare zone.
Thin filaments, are 7 nm in diameter, and consist primarily of the protein actin, specifically filamentous F-actin.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quintile
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Quintile may refer to:
In statistics, a quantile for the case where the sample or population is divided into fifths
Quintiles, a biotechnology research company based in the United States
Quintile (astrology), a type of astrological aspect formed by a 72° angle
See also
1/5 (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann%E2%80%93Mauguin%20notation
|
In geometry, Hermann–Mauguin notation is used to represent the symmetry elements in point groups, plane groups and space groups. It is named after the German crystallographer Carl Hermann (who introduced it in 1928) and the French mineralogist Charles-Victor Mauguin (who modified it in 1931). This notation is sometimes called international notation, because it was adopted as standard by the International Tables For Crystallography since their first edition in 1935.
The Hermann–Mauguin notation, compared with the Schoenflies notation, is preferred in crystallography because it can easily be used to include translational symmetry elements, and it specifies the directions of the symmetry axes.
Point groups
Rotation axes are denoted by a number n — 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ... (angle of rotation φ = ). For improper rotations, Hermann–Mauguin symbols show rotoinversion axes, unlike Schoenflies and Shubnikov notations, that shows rotation-reflection axes. The rotoinversion axes are represented by the corresponding number with a macron, — , , , , , , , , ... . is equivalent to a mirror plane and usually notated as m. The direction of the mirror plane is defined as the direction perpendicular to it (the direction of the axis).
Hermann–Mauguin symbols show non-equivalent axes and planes in a symmetrical fashion. The direction of a symmetry element corresponds to its position in the Hermann–Mauguin symbol. If a rotation axis n and a mirror plane m have the same direction (i.e. the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermotoga
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Thermotoga is a genus of the phylum Thermotogota. Members of Thermotoga are hyperthermophilic bacteria whose cell is wrapped in a unique sheath-like outer membrane, called a "toga".
The members of the phylum stain Gram-negative as they possess a thin peptidoglycan in between two lipid bilayers, albeit both peculiar. The peptidoglycan is unusual as the crosslink is not only meso-diaminopimelate as occurs in Pseudomonadota, but D-lysine.
The species are anaerobes with varying degrees of oxygen tolerance. They are capable of reducing elemental sulphur (S0) to hydrogen sulphide.
Whether thermophily is an innovation of the lineage or an ancestral trait is unclear and cannot be determined.
The genome of Thermotoga maritima was sequenced in 1999, revealing several genes of archaeal origin, possibly allowing its thermophilic adaptation. The CG (cytosine-guanine) content of T. maritima is 46.2%; most thermophiles in fact have high CG content; this has led to the speculation that CG content may be a non-essential consequence to thermophily and not the driver towards thermophily.
Members and relatives
The precise relation of the Thermotogota to other phyla is debated (v. bacterial phyla): several studies have found it to be deep-branching (in Bergey's manual it appeared in fact in "Volume I: The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria"), while other have found Firmicutes to be deep-branching with Thermotogota clustering away from the base.
The type species of the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20NXP%20products
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The following is a partial list of NXP and Freescale Semiconductor products, including products formerly manufactured by Motorola until 2004. Note that NXP and Freescale merged in 2015.
Microprocessors
Early microprocessors
Motorola MC10800 (4-bit)
Motorola MC14500B Industrial Control Unit (ICU) (1-bit)
Signetics 2650 (8-bit)
Motorola 6800 (8-bit)
Motorola 6802 (8-bit)
Motorola 6808 (8-bit)
Motorola 6809 (8/16-bit)
68000 series
Motorola 68000 (16/32-bit)
Motorola 68008 (8/16/32-bit)
Motorola 68010 (16/32-bit)
Motorola 68012 (16/32-bit)
Motorola 68020 (32-bit)
Motorola 68030 (32-bit)
Motorola 68851 (MMU)
Motorola 68881 (FPU)
Motorola 68882 (FPU)
Motorola 68040 (w/FPU)
Motorola 68060 (w/FPU)
88000 series (RISC)
Motorola 88100
Motorola 88110
PowerPC and Power ISA processors
PPC 601 ("G1")
PPC 603/PPC 603ev ("G2")
PPC 604/PPC 604e/PPC 604ev
PPC 620
PowerPC 7xx family, PowerPC 740, 750, 745, and 755 only ("PowerPC G3")
MPC8xx (PowerQUICC)
MPC82xx (PowerQUICC II, G2 core)
MPC83xx (PowerQUICC II Pro, e300 core)
MPC85xx (PowerQUICC III, e500 core)
MPC86xx (e600 core)
MPC87xx (future e700 core)
Pxxxx (QorIQ, e500 cores, e5500 cores)
Txxxx (QorIQ, e6500 cores))
ARM cores
i.MX
ARM920 based:
i.MX1 (MC9328MX1)
i.MXL (MC9328MXL)
i.MXS (MC9328MXS)
ARM926 based:
i.MX21 (MC9328MX21)
i.MX23 (MCIMX23)
i.MX25 (MCIMX25)
i.MX27 (MCIMX27)
i.MX28 (MCIMX28)
ARM11 based:
i.MX31 (MCIMX31)
i.MX35 (MCIMX355)
i.MX37 (MCIMX37)
Cortex-A8 based:
i.MX51
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slip%20%28materials%20science%29
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In materials science, slip is the large displacement of one part of a crystal relative to another part along crystallographic planes and directions. Slip occurs by the passage of dislocations on close/packed planes, which are planes containing the greatest number of atoms per area and in close-packed directions (most atoms per length). Close-packed planes are known as slip or glide planes. A slip system describes the set of symmetrically identical slip planes and associated family of slip directions for which dislocation motion can easily occur and lead to plastic deformation. The magnitude and direction of slip are represented by the Burgers vector, .
An external force makes parts of the crystal lattice glide along each other, changing the material's geometry. A critical resolved shear stress is required to initiate a slip.
Slip systems
Face centered cubic crystals
Slip in face centered cubic (fcc) crystals occurs along the close packed plane. Specifically, the slip plane is of type {111}, and the direction is of type <10>. In the diagram on the right, the specific plane and direction are (111) and [10], respectively.
Given the permutations of the slip plane types and direction types, fcc crystals have 12 slip systems. In the fcc lattice, the norm of the Burgers vector, b, can be calculated using the following equation:
Where a is the lattice constant of the unit cell.
Body centered cubic crystals
Slip in body-centered cubic (bcc) crystals occurs along the plane of s
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malonyl-CoA%20decarboxylase%20deficiency
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Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency (MCD) is an autosomal-recessive metabolic disorder caused by a genetic mutation that disrupts the activity of Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase. This enzyme breaks down Malonyl-CoA (a fatty acid precursor and a fatty acid oxidation blocker) into acetyl-CoA and carbon dioxide.
Signs and symptoms
The signs and symptoms of this disorder typically appear in early childhood. Almost all affected children have delayed development. Additional signs and symptoms can include weak muscle tone (hypotonia), seizures, diarrhea, vomiting, and low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). A heart condition called cardiomyopathy, which weakens and enlarges the heart muscle, is another common feature of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency.
Some common symptoms in Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency, such as cardiomyopathy and metabolic acidosis, are triggered by the high concentrations of Malonyl-CoA in the cytoplasm. High levels of Malonyl-CoA will inhibit β-oxidation of fatty acids through deactivating the carrier of fatty acyl group, CPT1, and thus, blocking fatty acids from going into the mitochondrial matrix for oxidation.
A research conducted in Netherlands has suggested that carnitine supplements and a low fat diet may help to reduce the level of malonic acid in our body.
Genetics
Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency is caused by mutations in the MLYCD gene, located on chromosome 16q24. The gene encodes the enzyme malonyl-CoA decarboxylase. Within cells, this enzym
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid%20neural%20network
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The term hybrid neural network can have two meanings:
Biological neural networks interacting with artificial neuronal models, and
Artificial neural networks with a symbolic part (or, conversely, symbolic computations with a connectionist part).
As for the first meaning, the artificial neurons and synapses in hybrid networks can be digital or analog. For the digital variant voltage clamps are used to monitor the membrane potential of neurons, to computationally simulate artificial neurons and synapses and to stimulate biological neurons by inducing synaptic. For the analog variant, specially designed electronic circuits connect to a network of living neurons through electrodes.
As for the second meaning, incorporating elements of symbolic computation and artificial neural networks into one model was an attempt to combine the advantages of both paradigms while avoiding the shortcomings. Symbolic representations have advantages with respect to explicit, direct control, fast initial coding, dynamic variable binding and knowledge abstraction. Representations of artificial neural networks, on the other hand, show advantages for biological plausibility, learning, robustness (fault-tolerant processing and graceful decay), and generalization to similar input. Since the early 1990s many attempts have been made to reconcile the two approaches.
References
Biological and artificial neurons
Connecting symbolic and connectionist approaches
See also
Connectionism vs. Computationa
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generation%20II%20reactor
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A generation II reactor is a design classification for a nuclear reactor, and refers to the class of commercial reactors built until the end of the 1990s. Prototypical and older versions of PWR, CANDU, BWR, AGR, RBMK and VVER are among them.
These are contrasted to reactors, which refer to the early prototype of power reactors, such as Shippingport, Magnox/UNGG, AMB, Fermi 1, and Dresden 1. The last commercial Gen I power reactor was located at the Wylfa Nuclear Power Station and ceased operation at the end of 2015. The nomenclature for reactor designs, describing four 'generations', was proposed by the US Department of Energy when it introduced the concept of generation IV reactors.
The designation generation II+ reactor is sometimes used for modernized generation II designs built post-2000, such as the Chinese CPR-1000, in competition with more expensive generation III reactor designs. Typically, the modernization includes improved safety systems and a 60-year design life.
Generation II reactor designs generally had an original design life of 30 or 40 years. This date was set as the period over which loans taken out for the plant would be paid off. However, many generation II reactors are being life-extended to 50 or 60 years, and a second life-extension to 80 years may also be economical in many cases. By 2013 about 75% of still operating U.S. reactors had been granted life extension licenses to 60 years.
Chernobyl's No.4 reactor that exploded was a generation II rea
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed%20dormancy
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Seed dormancy is an evolutionary adaptation that prevents seeds from germinating during unsuitable ecological conditions that would typically lead to a low probability of seedling survival. Dormant seeds do not germinate in a specified period of time under a combination of environmental factors that are normally conducive to the germination of non-dormant seeds.
An important function of seed dormancy is delayed germination, which allows dispersal and prevents simultaneous germination of all seeds. The staggering of germination safeguards some seeds and seedlings from suffering damage or death from short periods of bad weather or from transient herbivores; it also allows some seeds to germinate when competition from other plants for light and water might be less intense. Another form of delayed seed germination is seed quiescence, which is different from true seed dormancy and occurs when a seed fails to germinate because the external environmental conditions are too dry or warm or cold for germination.
Many species of plants have seeds that delay germination for many months or years, and some seeds can remain in the soil seed bank for more than 50 years before germination. Seed dormancy is especially adaptive in fire-prone ecosystems. Some seeds have a very long viability period, and the oldest documented germinating seed was nearly 2000 years old based on radiocarbon dating.
Overview
True dormancy or inherent (or innate) dormancy is caused by conditions within the seed th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meinolf%20Sellmann
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Meinolf Sellmann, born in Holzminden, Germany, computer scientist, best known for algorithmic research, with a special focus on self-improving algorithms, automatic algorithm configuration and algorithm portfolios based on artificial intelligence, combinatorial optimization, and the hybridization thereof.
He received a doctorate degree (Dr. rer. nat.) in 2002 from Paderborn University (Germany) and is now CTO of InsideOpt, an optimization company he founded in 2021. Prior to this current engagement he was Director for Network Optimization at Shopify, Lab Director for machine learning and knowledge discovery at the global research center of General Electric, held a position as senior manager for data curation in the cognitive computing department at IBM Research, Assistant Professor at Brown University, and Postdoctoral Scholar at Cornell University.
His honors include the Prize of the Faculty of the University of Paderborn (Germany) for his doctoral thesis, an NSF Career Award in 2007, two Gold Medals at the SAT Competition 2011, a winning Solver at the 2012 SAT Challenge, two Gold Medals at the SAT Competition 2013, seventeen winning solvers at the 2013-2016 MaxSAT Evaluations, and two first places at the 2021 AI for TSP Competition.
He also received IBM Outstanding Technical Innovation Awards in 2013 and 2014, an A-level Business Accomplishment 2015, and won the Shopify Fulfillment Network Sharktank competition in 2021. He was invited Keynote Speaker at Gecco 2022, Anzia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochester%20Numismatic%20Association
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The Rochester Numismatic Association (RNA) is a not-for-profit organization with an educational mission. The RNA was organized in 1912 by a group of local collectors to attract the American Numismatic Association's annual convention to Rochester, New York, USA. They met with success as the ANA did hold their convention in Rochester. The RNA has met continuously since 1912. Only one local coin club, the Boston Numismatic Society, founded in 1860, has a longer record of continuous meetings.
The RNA is located in Rochester, New York with a very active regional membership. Many members have retained their membership after leaving the area. Now, the RNA boasts a membership that reaches across the continental US.
Each fall the RNA holds a regional coin show at the Rochester Museum and Science Center which attracts dealers and attendees from around Western New York.
History
The RNA was formed in January 1912 by Dr. George P. French with 32 charter members. The first meeting attracted 15 coin collectors. Dr. French collected other curiosities besides coins. His curios included the clothes worn by General Tom Thumb, one of the world's smallest men, and Peter the Great.
One of the first acts of Dr. French was to have the RNA join the American Numismatic Association as Branch 2. The Chicago Numismatic Society had become ANA Branch 1 in 1904.
At the first annual banquet in 1913, a two-inch bronze portrait medal was presented to Dr. French, the retiring president. This t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-chain%20acyl-coenzyme%20A%20dehydrogenase%20deficiency
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Short-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (SCADD) is an autosomal recessive fatty acid oxidation disorder which affects enzymes required to break down a certain group of fats called short chain fatty acids.
Signs and symptoms
Short-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency affected infants will have vomiting, low blood sugar, a lack of energy (lethargy), poor feeding, and failure to gain weight and grow. Additional features of this disorder may include poor muscle tone (hypotonia), seizures, developmental delays, and microcephaly. The symptoms of short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency may be triggered during illnesses such as viral infections. In some cases, signs and symptoms may not appear until adulthood, when some individuals may develop muscle weakness, while other individuals mild symptoms may never be diagnosed.
Genetics
SCADD is caused genetically by mutations in the ACADS gene, located on chromosome 12q22-qter. Mutations in the ACADS gene lead to inadequate levels of short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which is important for breaking down short-chain fatty acids. Low levels of this enzyme halt short-chain fatty acids from being further broken down and processed in the mitochondria, consequently, these short-chain fatty acids are not converted into energy.
The disorder is inherited via autosomal recessive. This means the defective gene responsible for the disorder is located on an autosome (chromosome 12 is an autosome), and two copies of th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%2C4%20Dienoyl-CoA%20reductase%20deficiency
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2,4 Dienoyl-CoA reductase deficiency is an inborn error of metabolism resulting in defective fatty acid oxidation caused by a deficiency of the enzyme 2,4 Dienoyl-CoA reductase. Lysine degradation is also affected in this disorder leading to hyperlysinemia. The disorder is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, meaning an individual must inherit mutations in NADK2, located at 5p13.2 from both of their parents. NADK2 encodes the mitochondrial NAD kinase. A defect in this enzyme leads to deficient mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate levels. 2,4 Dienoyl-CoA reductase, but also lysine degradation are performed by NADP-dependent oxidoreductases explaining how NADK2 deficiency can lead to multiple enzyme defects.
2,4-Dienoyl-CoA reductase deficiency was initially described in 1990 based on a single case of a black female who presented with persistent hypotonia. Laboratory investigations revealed elevated lysine, low levels of carnitine and an abnormal acylcarnitine profile in urine and blood. The abnormal acylcarnitine species was eventually identified as 2-trans,4-cis-decadienoylcarnitine, an intermediate of linoleic acid metabolism. The index case died of respiratory failure at four months of age. Postmortem enzyme analysis on liver and muscle samples revealed decreased 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase activity when compared to normal controls. A second case with failure to thrive, developmental delay, lactic acidosis and severe encephalopathy was report
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA%20carboxylase%20deficiency
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3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency also known as 3-Methylcrotonylglycinuria or BMCC deficiency is an inherited disorder in which the body is unable to process certain proteins properly. People with this disorder have inadequate levels of an enzyme that helps break down proteins containing the amino acid leucine. This condition affects an estimated 1 in 50,000 individuals worldwide.
Presentation
Infants with this disorder appear normal at birth but usually develop signs and symptoms during the first year of life or in early childhood. The characteristic features of this condition, which can range from mild to life-threatening, include feeding difficulties, recurrent episodes of vomiting and diarrhea, excessive tiredness (lethargy), and weak muscle tone (hypotonia). If untreated, this disorder can lead to delayed development, seizures, and coma. Early detection and lifelong management (following a low-protein diet and using appropriate supplements) may prevent many of these complications. In some cases, people with gene mutations that cause 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency never experience any signs or symptoms of the disorder.
The characteristic features of this condition are similar to those of Reye syndrome, a severe disorder that develops in children while they appear to be recovering from viral infections such as chicken pox or flu. Most cases of Reye syndrome are associated with the use of aspirin during these viral infections.
Genetics
The MCCC1 an
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylmalonyl-CoA%20mutase%20deficiency
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Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase is a mitochondrial homodimer apoenzyme (EC. 5. 4.99.2) that focuses on the catalysis of methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA. The enzyme is bound to adenosylcobalamin, a hormonal derivative of vitamin B12 in order to function. Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase deficiency is caused by genetic defect in the MUT gene responsible for encoding the enzyme. Deficiency in this enzyme accounts for 60% of the cases of methylmalonic acidemia.
Symptoms
People with methylmalonyl CoA mutase deficiency exhibit many symptoms similar to other diseases involving inborn errors of metabolism.
Newborn babies experience with vomiting, acidosis, hyperammonemia, hepatomegaly (enlarged livers), hyperglycinemia (high glycine levels), and hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). Later, cases of thrombocytopenia and neutropenia can occur.
In some cases intellectual and developmental disabilities, such as autism, were noted with increased frequency in populations with methylmalonyl-CoA mutase deficiency.
Causes
Although methylmalonic acidemia has a variety of causes, both genetic and dietary, methylmalonyl CoA mutase deficiency is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. Patients with the deficiency either have a complete gene lesion, designated as mut0 or a partial mutation in the form of a frameshift designated as mut-. This frameshift affects the folding of the enzyme rendering its binding domain less effective. Patients with a complete deletion have an inactivation of methylmalonyl CoA mut
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjugated%20protein
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A conjugated protein is a protein that functions in interaction with other (non-polypeptide) chemical groups attached by covalent bonding or weak interactions.
Many proteins contain only amino acids and no other chemical groups, and they are called simple proteins. However, other kind of proteins yield, on hydrolysis, some other chemical component in addition to amino acids and they are called conjugated proteins. The non-amino part of a conjugated protein is usually called its prosthetic group. Most prosthetic groups are formed from vitamins. Conjugated proteins are classified on the basis of the chemical nature of their prosthetic groups.
Examples
Some examples of conjugated proteins are lipoproteins, glycoproteins, Nucleoproteins, phosphoproteins, hemoproteins, flavoproteins, metalloproteins, phytochromes, cytochromes, opsins, and chromoproteins.
Hemoglobin contains the prosthetic group known as heme. Each heme group contains an iron ion (Fe2+) which forms a co-ordinate bond with an oxygen molecule (O2), allowing hemoglobin to transport oxygen through the bloodstream. As each of the four protein subunits of hemoglobin possesses its own prosthetic heme group, each hemoglobin can transport four molecules of oxygen.
Glycoproteins are generally the largest and most abundant group of conjugated proteins. They range from glycoproteins in cell surface membranes that constitute the glycocalyx, to important antibodies produced by leukocytes.
Chemical synthesized polysaccha
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holoprotein
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A holoprotein or conjugated protein is an apoprotein combined with its prosthetic group.
Some enzymes do not need additional components to show full activity. Others require non-protein molecules called cofactors to be bound for activity. Cofactors can be either inorganic (e.g., metal ions and iron-sulfur clusters) or organic compounds (e.g., flavin and heme). Organic cofactors can be either coenzymes, which are released from the enzyme's active site during the reaction, or prosthetic groups, which are tightly bound to an enzyme. Organic prosthetic groups can be covalently bound (e.g., biotin in enzymes such as pyruvate carboxylase).
An example of an enzyme that contains a cofactor is carbonic anhydrase, which has a zinc cofactor bound as part of its active site. These tightly bound ions or molecules are usually found in the active site and are involved in catalysis. For example, flavin and heme cofactors are often involved in redox reactions.
Enzymes that require a cofactor but do not have one bound are called apoenzymes or apoproteins. An enzyme together with the cofactor(s) required for activity is called a holoenzyme (or haloenzyme). The term holoenzyme can also be applied to enzymes that contain multiple protein subunits, such as the DNA polymerases; here the holoenzyme is the complete complex containing all the subunits needed for activity.
References
Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryer L. Biochemistry. 5th edition. New York: W H Freeman; 2002. Available from: https://www
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2V
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2V or 2-V may refer to:
2V, IATA code for Amtrak
2V angle, curved isogyre differences in a conoscopic interference pattern in optical crystallography
P-2V, a model of Lockheed P-2 Neptune
An-2V, a model of Antonov An-2
2V (V-69), manufacturer's designation for Venera 5 spacecraft
2VLY, call sign for Power FM 98.1
See also
V2 (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotty%20Cramp
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Scottie Cramp is a disease in Scottish Terriers causing spasms and hyperflexion and hyperextension of the legs. It is caused by a disorder in serotonin metabolism that causes a deficiency of available serotonin. It is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.
Scotty Cramp occurs in puppies and young dogs. Symptoms present after exercise or excitement and last a few minutes. A goose-stepping gait and arched spine are often seen, and the dog may turn somersaults as it runs. The symptoms usually resolve after ten minutes, but they may repeat several times in a day. Episodes of Scottie Cramp can also be triggered by added stress on the dog. At this time there is known genetic testing available for Scottie Cramp, even though this is considered a genetic disease. To diagnose Scottie Cramp, the veterinarian will perform a physical exam, a complete blood count, a biochemistry profile, and a urinalysis of the dog. If the diagnosis is unsure, a dose of methysergide can be given. In affected dogs, this will block serotonin and increase the frequency and severity of the symptoms. Diazepam or acepromazine is used to control the symptoms of Scotty Cramp. Vitamin E may also be of some benefit. Because Scotty Cramp is inherited, affected dogs and their parents and siblings should not be bred.
References
Dog diseases
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillary%20pressure
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In fluid statics, capillary pressure () is the pressure between two immiscible fluids in a thin tube (see capillary action), resulting from the interactions of forces between the fluids and solid walls of the tube. Capillary pressure can serve as both an opposing or driving force for fluid transport and is a significant property for research and industrial purposes (namely microfluidic design and oil extraction from porous rock). It is also observed in natural phenomena.
Definition
Capillary pressure is defined as:
where:
is the capillary pressure
is the pressure of the non-wetting phase
is the pressure of the wetting phase
The wetting phase is identified by its ability to preferentially diffuse across the capillary walls before the non-wetting phase. The "wettability" of a fluid depends on its surface tension, the forces that drive a fluid's tendency to take up the minimal amount of space possible, and it is determined by the contact angle of the fluid. A fluid's "wettability" can be controlled by varying capillary surface properties (e.g. roughness, hydrophilicity). However, in oil-water systems, water is typically the wetting phase, while for gas-oil systems, oil is typically the wetting phase. Regardless of the system, a pressure difference arises at the resulting curved interface between the two fluids.
Equations
Capillary pressure formulas are derived from the pressure relationship between two fluid phases in a capillary tube in equilibrium, which is that force
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron%20Drummond
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Ronald N. Drummond (born 1959 in Seattle, Washington) is a writer, editor, and independent scholar.
Writer
Ron Drummond is the author of "The Sonic Rituals of Pauline Oliveros"; "The Frequency of Liberation", a critical fiction about the novels of Steve Erickson; "Ducré in Euphonia: Ideal and Influence in Berlioz"; "Broken Seashells,", an essay/meditation on ancestral memory and the music of Jethro Tull; and the introductory essays for the 8-volume edition in score and parts of The Vienna String Quartets of Anton Reicha; and other essays, fictions, poems, reviews, and interviews. More recent publications include a short story, "Troll," published in Black Clock, and a performance essay on the Tokyo String Quartet.
Editor
As an editor, Drummond worked with the novelist and critic Samuel R. Delany on the essay collections The Straits of Messina (1989), Longer Views (1996), the novel They Fly at Çiron (1993), collection Atlantis: Three Tales (1995), a novel-in-progress, Shoat Rumblin (2002), and Dark Reflections (2007); he was the publisher of Çiron and Atlantis. Drummond is also a proofreader and editorial redactor of Delany's most famous novel, Dhalgren (Bantam Books, 1974; Wesleyan University Press, 1996; Vintage Books, 2001). Delany wrote, "Ron's editorial acumen is the highest I have encountered in a professional writing career of more than thirty years." In March 2006, Drummond gave a talk on "Editing Samuel R. Delany" at an international academic conference on Delany's l
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caudal%20regression%20syndrome
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Caudal regression syndrome, or sacral agenesis (or hypoplasia of the sacrum), is a rare birth defect. It is a congenital disorder in which the fetal development of the lower spine—the caudal partition of the spine—is abnormal. It occurs at a rate of approximately one per 60,000 live births.
Some babies are born with very small differences compared to typical development, and others have significant changes. Most grow up to be otherwise typical adults who have difficulty with walking and incontinence.
Signs and symptoms
This condition exists in a variety of forms, ranging from partial absence of the tail bone regions of the spine to absence of the lower vertebrae, pelvis and parts of the thoracic and/or lumbar areas of the spine. In some cases, where only a small part of the spine is absent, there may be no outward sign of the condition. In cases where more substantial areas of the spine are absent, there may be fused, webbed or smaller lower extremities and paralysis. Bowel and bladder control is usually affected.
Cause
The condition arises from some factor or set of factors present during approximately the 3rd week to 7th week of fetal development. Formation of the sacrum/lower back and corresponding nervous system is usually nearing completion by the 4th week of development. Due to abnormal gastrulation, the mesoderm migration is disturbed. This disturbance results in symptoms varying from minor lesions of the lower vertebrae to more severe symptoms such as complete fus
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhemchuzhnikovite
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Zhemchuzhnikovite is an oxalate mineral of organic origin; formula NaMg(FeAl)C2O4·8H2O. It forms smokey green crystals with a vitreous lustre and is found in Russian coal mines. It is named after Yury Zhemchuzhnikov (1885–1957), a Russian clay mineralogist.
See also
List of minerals named after people
References
Organic minerals
Oxalate minerals
Sodium minerals
Magnesium minerals
Aluminium minerals
Iron minerals
Trigonal minerals
Minerals described in 1963
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WFO
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WFO may refer to:
Well-founded ordering, in mathematics, see well-founded relation
W.F.O. (album), a 1994 album by the thrash metal band Overkill
Workforce optimization, strategy for managing contact center staffing, processes, and workflows.
Weather Forecast Office, a local forecasting and warning office of the United States National Weather Service: See List of National Weather Service Weather Forecast Offices
Washington Field Office, of the United States Secret Service
Washington Field Office, of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
World Flora Online
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyamorphism
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Polyamorphism is the ability of a substance to exist in several different amorphous modifications. It is analogous to the polymorphism of crystalline materials. Many amorphous substances can exist with different amorphous characteristics (e.g. polymers). However, polyamorphism requires two distinct amorphous states with a clear, discontinuous (first-order) phase transition between them. When such a transition occurs between two stable liquid states, a polyamorphic transition may also be referred to as a liquid–liquid phase transition.
Overview
Even though amorphous materials exhibit no long-range periodic atomic ordering, there is still significant and varied local structure at inter-atomic length scales (see structure of liquids and glasses). Different local structures can produce amorphous phases of the same chemical composition with different physical properties such as density. In several cases sharp transitions have been observed between two different density amorphous states of the same material. Amorphous ice is one important example (see also examples below). Several of these transitions (including water) are expected to end in a second critical point.
Liquid–liquid transitions
Polyamorphism may apply to all amorphous states, i.e. glasses, other amorphous solids, supercooled liquids, ordinary liquids or fluids. A liquid–liquid transition however, is one that occurs only in the liquid state (red line in the phase diagram, top right). In this article liquid–liquid tr
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry%20Austin%20%28footballer%29
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Terence Willis Austin (born 1 February 1954, in Isleworth) is an English former professional footballer.
He started playing at Crystal Palace for their juniors, but in May 1973 was sold to Ipswich Town. He stayed with Town for three years, before moving to Plymouth Argyle in October 1976. Almost eighteen months later, he was transferred to Walsall in March 1978, and from there, he moved to Mansfield Town, where he had his most productive spell, appearing 84 times, and scoring 31 goals. In December 1980 he moved again to Huddersfield Town where he played for two years. He was sold to Doncaster Rovers in September 1982, and from there, he transferred in August 1983 to Northampton Town where he finished his professional playing career.
He returned to Mansfield once his playing days were over, where he is a financial advisor.
Austin is now semi-retired and spends much of his time at second home in Gran Canaria.
References
External links
Profile on Pride of Anglia website (Requires subscription)
1954 births
Living people
Footballers from Isleworth
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Crystal Palace F.C. players
Ipswich Town F.C. players
Plymouth Argyle F.C. players
Walsall F.C. players
Mansfield Town F.C. players
Huddersfield Town A.F.C. players
Doncaster Rovers F.C. players
Northampton Town F.C. players
English Football League players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer%20learning
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Transfer learning (TL) is a technique in machine learning (ML) in which knowledge learned from a task is re-used in order to boost performance on a related task. For example, for image classification, knowledge gained while learning to recognize cars could be applied when trying to recognize trucks. This topic is related to the psychological literature on transfer of learning, although practical ties between the two fields are limited. Reusing/transferring information from previously learned tasks to new tasks has the potential to significantly improve learning efficiency.
History
In 1976, Bozinovski and Fulgosi published a paper addressing transfer learning in neural network training. The paper gives a mathematical and geometrical model of the topic. In 1981, a report considered the application of transfer learning to a dataset of images representing letters of computer terminals, experimentally demonstrating positive and negative transfer learning.
In 1993, Pratt formulated the discriminability-based transfer (DBT) algorithm.
In 1997, Pratt and Thrun guest-edited a special issue of Machine Learning devoted to transfer learning, and by 1998, the field had advanced to include multi-task learning, along with more formal theoretical foundations. Learning to Learn, edited by Thrun and Pratt, is a 1998 review of the subject.
Transfer learning has been applied in cognitive science. Pratt guest-edited an issue of Connection Science on reuse of neural networks through transfer
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q-derivative
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In mathematics, in the area of combinatorics and quantum calculus, the q-derivative, or Jackson derivative, is a q-analog of the ordinary derivative, introduced by Frank Hilton Jackson. It is the inverse of Jackson's q-integration. For other forms of q-derivative, see .
Definition
The q-derivative of a function f(x) is defined as
It is also often written as . The q-derivative is also known as the Jackson derivative.
Formally, in terms of Lagrange's shift operator in logarithmic variables, it amounts to the operator
which goes to the plain derivative, as .
It is manifestly linear,
It has a product rule analogous to the ordinary derivative product rule, with two equivalent forms
Similarly, it satisfies a quotient rule,
There is also a rule similar to the chain rule for ordinary derivatives. Let . Then
The eigenfunction of the q-derivative is the q-exponential eq(x).
Relationship to ordinary derivatives
Q-differentiation resembles ordinary differentiation, with curious differences. For example, the q-derivative of the monomial is:
where is the q-bracket of n. Note that so the ordinary derivative is regained in this limit.
The n-th q-derivative of a function may be given as:
provided that the ordinary n-th derivative of f exists at x = 0. Here, is the q-Pochhammer symbol, and is the q-factorial. If is analytic we can apply the Taylor formula to the definition of to get
A q-analog of the Taylor expansion of a function about zero follows:
Higher order q-deriva
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letterer%E2%80%93Siwe%20disease
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Letterer–Siwe disease, (LSD) or Abt-Letterer-Siwe disease, is one of the four recognized clinical syndromes of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and is the most severe form, involving multiple organ systems such as the skin, bone marrow, spleen, liver, and lung. Oral cavity and gastrointestinal involvement may also be seen.
LCH and all its subtypes are characterized by monoclonal migration and proliferation of specific dendritic cells.
The subcategorization of Letterer-Siwe disease is a historical eponym. Designating the four subtypes of LCH as separate entities are mostly of historical significance, because they are varied manifestations of the same underlying disease process, and patients also often exhibit symptoms from more than one of the four syndromes.
Letterer-Siwe causes approximately 10% of LCH disease.
Prevalence is estimated at 1:500,000 and the disease almost exclusively occurs in children less than three years old. It is more common among Caucasian patients than in African American patients.
Children with LCH with single organ involvement tend to have a better prognosis than patients with the multi-system involvement seen in Letter-Siwe disease.
The name is derived from the names of Erich Letterer and Sture Siwe.
Presentation
Letterer-Siwe typically presents in children less than 2 years old, and the clinical manifestations may include:
In a more severe course or in later phases of the disease, patients may present with hemorrhage and sepsis secondar
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004%20Australian%20Lacrosse%20League%20season
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Results and statistics for the Australian Lacrosse League season of 2004, the inaugural season for the ALL.
Game 1
Saturday, 23 October 2004, Melbourne, Victoria
Goalscorers:
Vic: D Pusvacietis 3–1, D Stiglich 3–1, W Henderson 2-2, D Nicholas 2–1, R Stark 2, R Garnsworthy 1, M Sevior 1.
WA: C Hayes 2, J Stack 2, L Blackie 1, W Curran 1, K Gillespie 1, N Rainey 1, T Roost 1, A Sear 1, D Whiteman 0–3.
Game 2
Sunday, 24 October 2004, Melbourne, Victoria
Goalscorers:
Vic: D Stiglich 3, W Henderson 2–1, D Nicholas 2, D Pusvacietis 1–3, D Arnell 1, J Brammell 1, R Stark 0–1.
WA: D Whiteman 3–1, C Hayes 1-1, D Spreadborough 1-1, N Rainey 1, T Roost 1, J Stack 1, L Blackie 0–1, B Goddard 0–1.
Game 3
Saturday, 30 October 2004, Adelaide, South Australia
Goalscorers:
SA: B Howe 4, M Mangan 3, L Perham 2, A Carter 1, A Feleppa 1, S Gilbert 1, N Wapper 1.
Vic: D Stiglich 3, D Arnell 2, D Pusvacietis 2, J Ardossi 1, M Sevoir 1, knocked-in 2.
Game 4
Sunday, 31 October 2004, Adelaide, South Australia
Goalscorers:
SA: L Perham 3–1, A Feleppa 2-2, B Howe 2, N Wapper 2, M Mangan 1–4, A Carter 0–1, R Stone 0–1.
Vic: D Nicholas 3–1, D Stiglich 3–1, J Joy 3, D Pusvacietis 1–3, A Lawman 1-1, T Fry 1, W Henderson 1, M Sevoir 1, N Le Guen 0–1.
Game 5
Saturday, 6 November 2004, Perth, Western Australia
Goalscorers:
WA: A Sear 3, A Ettridge 2, D Spreadborough 1-1, G Allen 1, A Brown 1, N Rainey 1.
SA: N Wapper 2, S Robb 1–2, L Perham 1-1, A Feleppa 1, S Gilbert 1, M Mangan 1.
Game 6
Su
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005%20Australian%20Lacrosse%20League%20season
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These are the results and statistics for the Australian Lacrosse League season of 2005.
Game 8
Friday, 21 October 2005, Adelaide, South Australia
Goalscorers:
SA: A Lawman 5, L Perham 3–2, M Mangan 2, S Connolly 1, S Robb 1, P Inge 0–2, A Feleppa 0–1, S Gilbert 0–1, R Stone 0–1.
WA: D Whiteman 3, R Brown 2–1, K Delfs 2–1, A Sear 2–1, W Curran 2, L Blackie 1-1, J Stack 1, G Allan 0–1.
Game 9
Saturday, 22 October 2005, Adelaide, South Australia
Goalscorers:
SA: A Lawman 3, M Mangan 3, L Perham 2–1, C Averay 1-1, S Robb 0–2, J Casagrande 0–1.
WA: G Allan 3–1, D Whiteman 3, R Brown 2–1, K Delfs 2–1, A Sear 2, J Stack 1-1, L Blackie 1, W Curran 1, knocked-in 1.
Game 10
Saturday, 29 October 2005, Perth, Western Australia
Goalscorers:
WA: W Curran 2, A Sear 2, K Gillespie 1, D Whiteman 1, B Smith 0–1.
Vic: J Buchanan 3–1, D Nicholas 3, T Fry 1, B Ross 1, R Stark 1, D Stiglich 1, D Pusvacietis 0–1, M Sevior 0–1.
Game 11
Sunday, 30 October 2005, Perth, Western Australia
Goalscorers:
WA: D Whiteman 2–1, J Stack 1-1, G Allan 1, R Brown 1, K Gillespie 1, A Sear 1, L Blackie 0–1.
Vic: B Ross 5–3, D Pusvacietis 3-3, J Buchanan 2-2, D Stiglich 2-2, R Stark 2, N Stiglich 2, D Nicholas 1–2, R Garnsworthy 1, M McInerney 0–1.
Game 12
Friday, 4 November 2005, Melbourne, Victoria
Goalscorers:
Vic: B Ross 2, M Sevior 2, R Stark 2, D Pusvacietis 1–2, D Stiglich 1, N Stiglich 1, J Ardossi 0–1.
SA: A Feleppa 3, S Robb 1-1, A Lawman 1, M Mangan 1, S Gilbert 0–1.
Game 13
Saturday, 5 November
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonadotropin-releasing%20hormone%20receptor
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The gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR), also known as the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone receptor (LHRHR), is a member of the seven-transmembrane, G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family. It is the receptor of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). The GnRHR is expressed on the surface of pituitary gonadotrope cells as well as lymphocytes, breast, ovary, and prostate.
This receptor is a 60 kDa G protein-coupled receptor and resides primarily in the pituitary and is responsible for eliciting the actions of GnRH after its release from the hypothalamus. Upon activation, the LHRHr stimulates tyrosine phosphatase and elicits the release of LH from the pituitary.
Evidence exists showing the presence of GnRH and its receptor in extrapituitary tissues as well as a role in progression of some cancers.
Function
Following binding of GnRH, the GnRHR associates with G-proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns)-calcium second messenger system. Activation of the GnRHR ultimately causes the release of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
Genes
There are two major forms of the GNRHR, each encoded by a separate gene (GNRHR and GNRHR2).
Alternative splicing of the GNRHR gene, GNRHR, results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. More than 18 transcription initiation sites in the 5' region and multiple polyA signals in the 3' region have been identified for GNRHR.
Regulation
The GnRHR responds to GnRH as wel
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium%20fluoride
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Strontium fluoride, SrF2, also called strontium difluoride and strontium(II) fluoride, is a fluoride of strontium. It is a brittle white crystalline solid. In nature, it appears as the very rare mineral strontiofluorite.
Preparation
Strontium fluoride is prepared by the action of hydrofluoric acid on strontium carbonate.
Structure
The solid adopts the fluorite structure. In the vapour phase the SrF2 molecule is non-linear with an F−Sr−F angle of approximately 120°. This is an exception to VSEPR theory which would predict a linear structure. Ab initio calculations have been cited to propose that contributions from d orbitals in the shell below the valence shell are responsible. Another proposal is that polarization of the electron core of the strontium atom creates an approximately tetrahedral distribution of charge that interacts with the Sr−F bonds.
Properties
It is almost insoluble in water (its Ksp value is approximately 2.0x10−10 at 25 degrees Celsius).
It irritates eyes and skin, and is harmful when inhaled or ingested.
Similar to CaF2 and BaF2, SrF2 displays superionic conductivity at elevated temperatures.
Strontium fluoride is transparent to light in the wavelengths from vacuum ultraviolet (150 nm) to infrared (11 µm). Its optical properties are intermediate to calcium fluoride and barium fluoride.
Uses
Strontium fluoride is used as an optical material for a small range of special applications, for example, as an optical coating on lenses and also as a thermo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psel
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Psel or PSEL may refer to:
Psel (river), a tributary of the Dnieper in Russia and Ukraine
P-selectin
Printed segmented electroluminescence
Pseudaminic acid synthase, an enzyme
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klezmer-loshn
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Klezmer-loshn (קלעזמער-לשון klezmer-loshn, Yiddish for Musician's Tongue) is an extinct derivative of the Yiddish language. It was a kind of argot, or cant used by travelling Jewish musicians, known as klezmorim (klezmers), in Eastern Europe prior to the 20th century.
It combined Yiddish with loanwords from many other European languages. This borrowed vocabulary was often substituted for key Yiddish words using rhyme or some other form of association. Many of the words were not derived from either Yiddish or Slavic languages, but original coinages.
As with other argots, such as thieves' languages, Klezmer-loshn evolved to fill the need of members of a bounded community to speak in the presence of others without being understood. Klezmorim could speak Klezmer-loshn during and after performances, whether among Gentiles or Yiddish-speaking Jews, without being understood. This allowed them to discuss business, plan, and even mock others without getting into trouble.
Its active use gradually dwindled in the 20th century, and disappeared along with the klezmer trade in Eastern Europe, especially after the Holocaust obliterated much of the Jewish population there.
The most detailed glossary of klezmer-loshn of over 600 words can be found in The Book of Klezmer: The History, The Music, The Folklore from the 14th Century to the 21st (A Capella Books, 2002, author Yale Strom).
See also
Yeshivish
Yinglish
References
Occupational cryptolects
Yiddish
Extinct languages of Europ
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy%20Bailey%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201932%29
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Roy Bailey (26 May 1932 – April 1993) was an English professional association footballer, who played as a goalkeeper. He made a total of 433 Football League appearances for Crystal Palace and Ipswich Town.
Early life
Bailey was born in Epsom, Surrey, the fifth child in a family of thirteen. During World War II, he was evacuated to Somerset, and was educated in Weston-super-Mare, before returning to his native Surrey at the age of 15. He played for Tottenham Juniors; however, it was a long way to travel from Epsom to North London, so he joined nearby Crystal Palace as an Amateur. During his National Service, he served in Germany, where he represented B.A.O.R., also reaching the quarter finals of the Army Cup.
Playing career
Bailey signed professional terms in June 1949 and made his League debut against Torquay United at the age of 17 when Palace lost 3–1. However, he did not make regular appearances until after his Army service. Bailey missed only one match in the 1953–54 season and was granted a benefit, along with Jack Edwards in 1954.
He was signed for Ipswich Town, by Alf Ramsey, on the day before the transfer deadline in March 1956, and came into the League side in the Easter local derby match with Norwich City at Carrow Road. He conceded two goals in the first three minutes. Despite this start, he soon displaced George McMillan as the Town's regular 'keeper, and won Championship medals in the First, Second, and Third Divisions of the Football League. He became a qual
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%20editing
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Gene editing may refer to:
Genetic engineering of any organism by genome editing. Gene editing is the emerging molecular biology technique which makes very specific targeted changes by insertion, deletion or substitution of genetic material in an organism's DNA to obtain desired results. Examples of gene editing are CRISPR, zinc finger nuclease, transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN), oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis + meganucleases.
Genome editing, a type of genetic engineering
Gene therapy, the therapeutic delivery of nucleic acid polymers into a patient's cells as a drug to treat disease
CRISPR gene editing, a genetic engineering technique.CRISPR are termed as (site directed nucleases) SDN since they target specific part of genome, there are 3 different categories of SDN. SDN1 makes random mutations at target site to repair the damaged host DNA without involving any foreign DNA. SDN2 uses small non coding homologous repair DNA to achieve specific nucleotide sequence to repair the host DNA by (homology directed repair) HDR which is a natural nucleic acid repair system. SDN3 uses a large stretch of protein coding donor DNA which is targeted for insertion through HDR at a predefined genomic locus.
TALEN editing, using transcription activator-like effector nucleases. TALENs are another type of genome editing tool. They work by using engineered proteins that can recognize and bind to specific DNA sequences, which then triggers a cut in the DNA. TALENs are
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjilbruke
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Tjilbruke (also Tjirbruki, Tjilbruki, Tjirbruke, Tjirbuk or Tjirbuki,) is an important creation ancestor for the Kaurna people of the Adelaide plains in the Australian state of South Australia. Tjilbruke was a Kaurna man, who appeared in Kaurna Dreaming dating back about 11,000 years. The Tjilbruke Dreaming Track or Tjilbruke Dreaming Trail is a major Dreaming trail, which connects sites from within metropolitan Adelaide southwards as far as Cape Jervis, some of which are Aboriginal sacred sites of great significance.
Man and creator-being
The Tjilbruke Dreaming pre-dates European contact, probably arising when the "Adelaide plains tribe", the Kaurna, settled the area at least 2,000 years BP (as evidenced by archaeological finds at Hallett Cove, where Kaurna campsites succeeded those of the Kartan people of Kangaroo Island, who had been there tens of thousands of years earlier). Kaurna Yerta Parngkarra (Kaurna tribal country) stretches from Cape Jervis in the south, to Crystal Brook in the north, west to the Mount Lofty Ranges, across to Gulf Saint Vincent, including the plains and city of Adelaide.
The Tjilbruke story became part of the southern Kaurna Dreaming. It is more than a creation story; it assumes the status of a religion for some, sets standards and rules for living, and provides spiritual meaning. It is both lore and law. The lore tells of a time when all the people lived in accord with peaceful trading laws which governed all their lives. The law was brought t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFT%20%28disambiguation%29
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A fast Fourier transform is a numerical algorithm used in signal processing.
FFT may also refer to:
Games
Final Fantasy Tactics, a video game
A Fistful of TOWs, a miniatures wargame
Fédération Française de Tarot, the French tarot federation
Sport
Fédération Française de Tennis, the French Tennis Federation
Firefighters Upsala CK, a Swedish cycling team
Football Federation Tasmania, a football organisation in Australia
Four Four Two (4-4-2), a football formation
FourFourTwo, a football magazine
FourFourTwo (TV series), an Asian football TV series
4-4-2, a band formed to record the song "Come on England" for the England football team for the Euro 2004 championship
Tajikistan Football Federation (Tajik: )
Science and technology
2,1-fructan:2,1-fructan 1-fructosyltransferase
Faculty of Food Technology, Latvia University of Agriculture
Final-Form Text, part of IBM's Document Control Architecture
Future Fibre Technologies, an Australian fibre optic company
Faecal (or fecal) flotation test, a method used in veterinary parasitology to detect helminth eggs in faecal samples
United States aviation
Frontier Airlines
Capital City Airport (Kentucky)
Other uses
See also
Finite Fourier transform (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical%20law%20of%20cosines
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In spherical trigonometry, the law of cosines (also called the cosine rule for sides) is a theorem relating the sides and angles of spherical triangles, analogous to the ordinary law of cosines from plane trigonometry.
Given a unit sphere, a "spherical triangle" on the surface of the sphere is defined by the great circles connecting three points , and on the sphere (shown at right). If the lengths of these three sides are (from to (from to ), and (from to ), and the angle of the corner opposite is , then the (first) spherical law of cosines states:
Since this is a unit sphere, the lengths , and are simply equal to the angles (in radians) subtended by those sides from the center of the sphere. (For a non-unit sphere, the lengths are the subtended angles times the radius, and the formula still holds if and are reinterpreted as the subtended angles). As a special case, for , then , and one obtains the spherical analogue of the Pythagorean theorem:
If the law of cosines is used to solve for , the necessity of inverting the cosine magnifies rounding errors when is small. In this case, the alternative formulation of the law of haversines is preferable.
A variation on the law of cosines, the second spherical law of cosines, (also called the cosine rule for angles) states:
where and are the angles of the corners opposite to sides and , respectively. It can be obtained from consideration of a spherical triangle dual to the given one.
Proofs
First proof
Let ,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chisso
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The , since 2012 reorganized as JNC (Japan New Chisso), is a Japanese chemical company. It is an important supplier of liquid crystal used for LCDs, but is best known for its role in the 34-year-long pollution of the water supply in Minamata, Japan that led to thousands of deaths and victims of disease.
Between 1932 and 1968, Chisso's chemical factory in Minamata released large quantities of industrial wastewater that was contaminated with highly toxic methylmercury. This poisonous water bioaccumulated in local sea life that was then consumed by the immediate population. As a result of this contamination, 2,265 individuals in the area were inflicted with what is now known as Minamata disease. 1,784 of those victims died as a result of the poisoning and/or the disease. Those who were afflicted with the disease developed skeletomuscular deformities and lost the ability to perform motor functions such as walking. Many also lost significant amounts of vision, as well as hearing and speech capabilities. Severe cases presented with insanity, paralysis, coma and then death within weeks of the onset of symptoms.
As of March 2001, over 10,000 individuals had received financial remuneration from Chisso to compensate them for the harm caused by the chemical release. By 2004, Chisso Corporation had paid $86 million in compensation, and, in the same year, the company was ordered to clean up its contamination. However, the incident remains controversial for not only the poisoning itself
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westell
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Westell Technologies, Inc. is an Aurora, Illinois company that provides telecommunications equipment for in-building wireless, intelligent site management, cell site optimization, and outside plant solutions. Westell was the last company to manufacture DSL modems in the United States; however, on May 21, 2007, Westell announced plans to outsource manufacturing.
History
Westell was founded in October 1980 in Willowbrook, Illinois, and initially produced electronic equipment used for signaling and transmission on telephone lines leased to private customers.
Clinton Penny, who had previously founded Wescom Switching, founded Westell.
Beginning in 1992, Westell began developing ADSL products. By the time of its initial public offering (IPO) in 1995, Westell was a prominent DSLAM manufacturer. The company moved out of this business in the wake of the stock market downturn of 2002, and then focused primarily on manufacturing cell site optimization equipment, Ethernet connectivity products, intelligent site management and a series of outdoor enclosure and cabinets.
In 2013, Westell acquired Kentrox Inc., a Dublin-based site management services company, for $30 million.
References
Telecommunications companies of the United States
Telecommunications equipment vendors
Telecommunications companies established in 1980
Economy of Aurora, Illinois
Companies based in DuPage County, Illinois
Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq
1995 initial public offerings
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnoecology
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Ethnoecology is the scientific study of how different groups of people living in different locations understand the ecosystems around them, and their relationships with surrounding environments.
It seeks valid, reliable understanding of how we as humans have interacted with the environment and how these intricate relationships have been sustained over time.
The "ethno" (see ethnology) prefix in ethnoecology indicates a localized study of a people, and in conjunction with ecology, signifies people's understanding and experience of environments around them. Ecology is the study of the interactions between living organisms and their environment; enthnoecology applies a human focused approach to this subject. The development of the field lies in applying indigenous knowledge of botany and placing it in a global context.
History
Ethnoecology began with some of the early works of Dr. Hugh Popenoe, an agronomist and tropical soil scientist who has worked with the University of Florida, the National Science Foundation, and the National Research Council. Popenoe has also worked with Dr Harold Conklin, a cognitive anthropologist who did extensive linguistic and ethnoecological research in Southeast Asia.
In his 1954 dissertation "The Relation of the Hanunoo Culture to the Plant World", Harold Conklin coined the term ethnoecology when he described his approach as "ethnoecological". After earning his PhD, he began teaching at Columbia University while continuing his research among
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C7%20protein
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C7 protein is an engineered zinc finger protein based on the murine ZFP, Zif268 and discovered by Wu et al. in 1994 (published in 1995). It shares the same zinc finger 2 and zinc finger 3 of Zif268, but differs in the sequence of finger 1. It also shares the same DNA target, 5'-GCGTGGGCG-3'.
The shared sequences in single letter amino acid codes of fingers 2 and 3 are RSD-H-LTT and RAD-E-RKR (positions -1 through 6 in the alpha helix).
Zinc finger 1 has the sequence KSA-D-LKR which provides a 13-fold increase in affinity to the target sequence of the entire ZFP over that of Zif268.
It is used in zinc finger investigations in which the amino acid sequence of finger 2 is changed in order to determine the appropriate sequence to target a given three-nucleotide target site. A variation of C7, C7.GAT is preferred since it lacks the aspartic acid residue present in finger 3 of C7 and known to cause a phenomenon called 'target site overlap'. In this case the target site overlap is a result of the aspartic acid residue forming a hydrogen bond with the N4 of the cytosine (in the opposite strand) base-paired to the guanine in the finger 2 subsite. It can also form the same hydrogen bond with an adenine base paired to a thymine. This target site overlap would dictate that either a cytosine or adenine residue be present as the 3' nucleotide in the finger 2 subsite which is unacceptable when looking to target sequences containing another nucleotide at this position.
References
Engine
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C7.GAT%20protein
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The C7.GAT protein is a zinc finger protein based on the C7 protein (itself based on the murine Zif268). It features an alternative zinc finger 3 alpha helix sequence, preventing the target site overlap caused by the aspartic acid residue of the finger 3 of C7. The sequence of this third finger is TSG-N-LVR according to the single letter amino acid code. As the name suggest, the target site of finger 3 is altered to 5'-GAT-3', giving the overall protein a target of 5'-GCGTGGGAT-3'.
C7.GAT is used in studies investigating the effects of altering zinc finger alpha helix sequence on the target of the altered zinc finger, as well as the affinity and specificity of these proteins to their targets.
References
Engineered proteins
Genetics experiments
Molecular genetics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triphenylmethanol
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Triphenylmethanol (also known as triphenylcarbinol and TrOH) is an organic compound. It is a white crystalline solid that is insoluble in water and petroleum ether, but well soluble in ethanol, diethyl ether, and benzene. In strongly acidic solutions, it produces an intensely yellow color, due to the formation of a stable "trityl" carbocation. Many derivatives of triphenylmethanol are important dyes.
History
After the German chemist August Kekulé and his Belgian student Antoine Paul Nicolas Franchimont (1844–1919) first synthesized triphenylmethane in 1872, the Russian doctoral student Walerius Hemilian (1851–1914) first synthesized triphenylmethanol in 1874 by reacting triphenylmethyl bromide with water as well as by oxidizing triphenylmethane.
Structure and properties
Triphenylmethanol features three phenyl (Ph) rings and an alcohol group bound to a central tetrahedral carbon atom. All three C–Ph bonds are typical of sp3-sp2 carbon-carbon bonds with lengths of approximately 1.47 Å, while the C–O bond length is approximately 1.42 Å.
The presence of three adjacent phenyl groups confers special properties manifested in the reactivity of the alcohol. For example it reacts with acetyl chloride, not to give the ester, but triphenylmethyl chloride:
Ph3COH + MeCOCl → Ph3CCl + MeCO2H
The three phenyl groups also offer steric protection. Reaction with hydrogen peroxide gives an unusually stable hydroperoxide, Ph3COOH.
Acid-base properties
As a derivative of methanol, tripheny
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Robinson
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Crystal LaTresa Robinson (born January 22, 1974) is a former American basketball coach and player. She grew up in Atoka, Oklahoma, and first garnered national recognition during her collegiate career at Southeastern Oklahoma State University. Professionally, Robinson played for the Colorado Xplosion of the ABL before playing in the WNBA for the New York Liberty and Washington Mystics.
After retiring from playing basketball, Robinson first became an assistant coach for the Washington Mystics in 2007, then became head coach at McAlester High School in 2009, leading the Lady Buffaloes to a 5A state championship, and at the junior college level at Murray State College in Oklahoma in 2010. Robinson moved to the Division I ranks in 2013, as an assistant coach at Utah State in 2013–14 and TCU in 2014–15, before returning to her alma mater to coach girls' basketball at Atoka High School.
High school
Robinson was raised in Atoka, Oklahoma and attended Atoka High School, where she was named a High School All-American by the WBCA. She participated in the inaugural WBCA High School All-America Game in 1992, scoring a game-high twenty-five points, and earning MVP honors.
College
Considered by most to be the best player to ever come out of Oklahoma, Robinson signed with NCAA power Louisiana Tech out of Atoka High School, but later decided she wanted to be closer to home and transferred to Southeastern Oklahoma State University in Durant, OK before playing a single game in Louisiana. Rob
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulations%3A%20Cinema%20for%20the%20Ear
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Modulations: Cinema for the Ear is 1998 documentary film on the history of electronic music, consisting of a documentary film, accompanied by a soundtrack album, and a 2000 book Modulations A History of Electronic Music by Peter Shapiro. The project was directed by Iara Lee, the maker of the documentary film Synthetic Pleasures.
Modulations, Cinema for the Ear (1998)
Soundtrack
"I Feel Love" – Donna Summer
"Planet Rock" – Afrika Bambaataa & Soulsonic Force
"No UFO's" (remix) – Model 500
"Simon from Sydney" – LFO
"Strings of Life" – Rhythm Is Rhythm
"Yeah" – Jesse Saunders
"Amazon 2-King of the Beats" – Aphrodite
"Stormbringer" – Panacea
"The Shadow" – Rob & Goldie
"Luxus 1-3" – Ryoji Ikeda
"Atomic 2000" – Coldcut
"Kritische Masse 1" – To Rococo Rot
References
External links
Modulations homepage at Caipirinha Productions
1998 films
Multimedia works
Documentary films about electronic music and musicians
1998 soundtrack albums
Documentary film soundtracks
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanazziite
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Zanazziite is a complex hydrated phosphate mineral from the roscherite group. It is a magnesium beryllium phosphate mineral. Zanazziite arises as barrel-shaped crystals and can reach up to 4 mm. It grows alongside quartz minerals. It is found in the crevices of Lavra da Ilha pegmatite, near Taquaral, in northeastern Minas Gerais, Brazil. Zanazziite is named after Pier F. Zanazzi. Zanazziite has an ideal chemical formula of Ca2Mg5Be4(PO4)6(OH)4·6H2O.
Composition
Zanazzite was recently analyzed with an ARL-SEMQ microprobe; the values were Durango apatite for P, Rockport fayalite for Mn, and Kakanui hornblende for all others. In a separate sample, Beryllium was 84.93 mg by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. To determine water an H analyzer was used on duplicate samples of about 25 mg. FeO was determined by titration. The spectroscopic analysis and other microprobes revealed P2O5, 39.27, SiO2 0.36, Al2O3 1.54, Fe2O3 0.76, CaO 10.65, MgO 11.66, FeO 9.63, MnO 1.77, BeO 9.81, 13.32, total of 98.77. Zanazziite belongs to the roscherite-group. The roscherite-group nomenclature is based on the dominant cation in the Me-site; valid species include: Roscherite (Mn^2+), Zanazziite (Mg^2+) and Greifensteinite (Fe^2+). The chemical relationship among all of the minerals in the roscherite group rely on a common formula (roscherite) Ca2Mn5Be4(PO4)6(OH)4·6H2O, in which the Mn site can be occupied by other cations previously mentioned.
Structure
Zanazzite belongs to the monoclinic spac
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arteritic%20anterior%20ischemic%20optic%20neuropathy
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Arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AAION or arteritic AION) is the cause of vision loss that occurs in temporal arteritis (aka giant-cell arteritis). Temporal arteritis is an inflammatory disease of medium-sized blood vessels that happens especially with advancing age. AAION occurs in about 15-20 percent of patients with temporal arteritis. Damage to the blood vessels supplying the optic nerves leads to insufficient blood supply (ischemia) to the nerve and subsequent optic nerve fiber death. Most cases of AAION result in nearly complete vision loss first to one eye. If the temporal arteritis is left untreated, the fellow eye will likely suffer vision loss as well within 1–2 weeks. Arteritic AION falls under the general category of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, which also includes non-arteritic AION. AION is considered an eye emergency, immediate treatment is essential to rescue remaining vision.
An exhaustive review article published in March 2009 described the latest information on arteritic and non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy, both anterior (A-AION and NA-AION) and posterior (A-PION, NA-PION, and surgical).
Symptoms
There are several constitutional symptoms of temporal arteritis that may aid in diagnosis of AAION such as jaw claudication (spasms of the jaw muscle), scalp tenderness, unintentional weight loss, fatigue, myalgias and loss of appetite. However, many cases are asymptomatic. There are also elevations in three blood tests that help ide
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzanthrone
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Benzanthrone (BZA) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. It is a yellow solid. Its derivatives are used as a dyestuff intermediate for anthraquinone-based dyes. Dehydrogenative coupling gives violanthrone. It is prepared by reduction of anthroquinone to anthrone followed by alkylation with a mixture of glycerol and sulfuric acid.
It is a basic substance with fluorescent and luminescent properties. It can be used for photosensitization, and as a charge transport material. It is also used in pyrotechnics industry, mainly as a component of some older formulations of green and yellow colored smokes, often together with Vat Yellow 4; its US military specification is MIL-D-50074D.
Safety
Benzanthrone causes itching and burning sensations on exposed skin, together with erythema, dermatitis, and skin pigmentation.
See also
3-Nitrobenzanthrone
References
External links
National Pollutant Inventory - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Fact Sheet
Fluorescent dyes
Ketones
Polycyclic aromatic compounds
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biocomputing
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Biocomputing may refer to:
Biological computing, systems of biologically derived molecules that perform computational processes
DNA computing, a form of biological computing that uses DNA
Bioinformatics, the application of statistics and computer science to the field of molecular biology
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.%20J.%20G.%20Pitman
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Edwin James George Pitman (29 October 1897 – 21 July 1993) was an Australian mathematician who made significant contributions to statistics and probability theory. In particular, he is remembered primarily as the originator of the Pitman permutation test, Pitman nearness and Pitman efficiency.
His work the Pitman measure of closeness or Pitman nearness concerning the exponential families of probability distributions has been studied extensively since the 1980s by C. R. Rao, Pranab K. Sen, and others.
The Pitman–Koopman–Darmois theorem states that only exponential families of probability distributions admit a sufficient statistic whose dimension remains bounded as the sample size grows.
Biography
Pitman was born in Melbourne on 29 October 1897, and attended University of Melbourne, residing at Ormond College, where he graduated with First Class Honours. In 1926 he was appointed Professor of Mathematics at the University of Tasmania, which he held until his retirement in 1962.
He was a founding member and second President of the Australian Mathematical Society. He was also active within the Statistical Society of Australia, which in 1978 named the Pitman medal in his honour.
Terminology
For "the sum of squares of deviations from the mean," he coined the term squariance.
For "the logarithm of the likelihood" he coined the term loglihood.
However, neither of these terms caught on.
Pitman's published work (selected)
Sufficient statistics and intrinsic accuracy, Proc. Ca
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aniline%20Yellow
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Aniline Yellow is a yellow azo dye and an aromatic amine. It is a derivative of azobenzene. It has the appearance of an orange powder.
Aniline Yellow was the first azo dye. it was first produced in 1861 by C. Mene. The second azo dye was Bismarck Brown in 1863. Aniline Yellow was commercialized in 1864 as the first commercial azo dye, a year after Aniline Black. It is manufactured from aniline.
Uses
Aniline Yellow is used in microscopy for vital staining, in pyrotechnics for yellow colored smokes, in yellow pigments and inks including inks for inkjet printers. It is also used in insecticides, lacquers, varnishes, waxes, oil stains, and styrene resins. It is also an intermediate in synthesis of other dyes, e.g. chrysoidine, indulines, Solid Yellow, and Acid Yellow.
Safety
Aminoazobenzene compounds are often carcinogenic.
References
Azo dyes
Vital stains
Solvent dyes
Anilines
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20statistical%20software
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Statistical software are specialized computer programs for analysis in statistics and econometrics.
Open-source
ADaMSoft – a generalized statistical software with data mining algorithms and methods for data management
ADMB – a software suite for non-linear statistical modeling based on C++ which uses automatic differentiation
Chronux – for neurobiological time series data
DAP – free replacement for SAS
Environment for DeveLoping KDD-Applications Supported by Index-Structures (ELKI) a software framework for developing data mining algorithms in Java
Epi Info – statistical software for epidemiology developed by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Apache 2 licensed
Fityk – nonlinear regression software (GUI and command line)
GNU Octave – programming language very similar to MATLAB with statistical features
gretl – gnu regression, econometrics and time-series library
intrinsic Noise Analyzer (iNA) – For analyzing intrinsic fluctuations in biochemical systems
jamovi – A free software alternative to IBM SPSS Statistics
JASP – A free software alternative to IBM SPSS Statistics with additional option for Bayesian methods
JMulTi – For econometric analysis, specialised in univariate and multivariate time series analysis
Just another Gibbs sampler (JAGS) – a program for analyzing Bayesian hierarchical models using Markov chain Monte Carlo developed by Martyn Plummer. It is similar to WinBUGS
KNIME – An open source analytics platform built with Java and Ecli
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocycle
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Autocycle or auto-cycle may refer to:
Motorized bicycle, a bicycle with an attached motor
moped
three-wheeled car, a registration classification in the US for some three wheeled vehicles; with a sit-in cockpit and steering wheel
See also
Trike (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mops
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Mops or MOPS may refer to:
More than one mop (plural noun); a form of the verb "to mop"
MOPS, or 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid, a buffer in protein chemistry
MoPS, the UK government's Manual of Protective Security, superseded by the Security Policy Framework
Mops (genus), a genus of free-tailed bat
The Mops, a Japanese rock group
Mean of Platts Singapore, a measure of fuel oil pricing in Singapore
MOPS International (Mothers of Preschoolers), an international organization
Minimum operational performance standards, see Traffic collision avoidance system
See also
µops, an abbreviation for Micro-operation
MOP (disambiguation)
Weighted million operations per second (WMOPS), see Instructions per second
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deterministic%20automaton
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In computer science, a deterministic automaton is a concept of automata theory where the outcome of a transition from one state to another is determined by the input.
A common deterministic automaton is a deterministic finite automaton (DFA) which is a finite state machine where for each pair of state and input symbol there is one and only one transition to a next state. DFAs recognize the set of regular languages and no other languages.
A standard way to build a deterministic finite automaton from a nondeterministic finite automaton is the powerset construction.
References
Automata (computation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior%20gluteal%20nerve
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The inferior gluteal nerve is the main motor neuron that innervates the gluteus maximus muscle. It is responsible for the movement of the gluteus maximus in activities requiring the hip to extend the thigh, such as climbing stairs. Injury to this nerve is rare but often occurs as a complication of posterior approach to the hip during hip replacement. When damaged, one would develop gluteus maximus lurch, which is a gait abnormality which causes the individual to 'lurch' backwards to compensate lack in hip extension.
Anatomy
The largest muscle of the posterior hip, gluteus maximus, is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve.
It branches out and then enters the deep surface of the gluteus maximus, the principal extensor of the thigh, and supplies it.
Origin
The muscle is supplied by the inferior gluteal nerve which arises from the dorsal branches of the ventral rami of the fifth (L5), the first (S1) and second (S2) sacral nerves.
The lumbosacral trunk, which is made up of L5 and a small branch of L4, effectively connects the lumbar and sacral plexuses. The lower branches of the L4 and the L5 nerves enter the sacral plexus.
The sacral plexus is formed by the lumbosacral trunk, the first to third sacral ventral rami, and part of the fourth, the remainder of the last joining the coccygeal plexus. The sacral plexus is formed in the pelvis in front of the piriformis muscle.
The sacral plexus is formed anterior to the piriformis muscle and gives rise to the sciatic nerve, the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior%20gluteal%20nerve
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The superior gluteal nerve is a mixed (motor and sensory) nerve of the sacral plexus that originates in the pelvis. It provides motor innervation to the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae, and piriformis muscles; it also has a cutaneous branch.
Structure
Origin
The superior gluteal nerve originates in the sacral plexus. It arises from the posterior divisions of L4, L5 and S1.
Course
It exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen superior to the piriformis muscle. It is accompanied by the superior gluteal artery and the superior gluteal vein.
It passes lateral-ward in between the gluteus medius muscle and the gluteus minimus muscle, accompanied by the deep branch of the superior gluteal artery. It divides into a superior branch and an inferior branch.
The inferior branch continues to pass between the two muscles to end in the tensor fasciae latae muscle.
Distribution
Motor
tensor fasciae latae muscle
gluteus medius muscle (superior branch and inferior branch)
gluteus minimus muscle (inferior branch, sometimes superior branch as well)
piriformis muscle
Sensory
The superior gluteal nerve also has a cutaneous branch.
Clinical significance
Gait
In normal gait, the small gluteal muscles on the stance side can stabilize the pelvis in the coronal plane. Weakness or paralysis of these muscles caused by a damaged superior gluteal nerve can result in a weak abduction in the affected hip joint. This gait disturbance is known as Trendelenburg
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanophycin
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Cyanophycin, also known as CGP (cyanophycin granule polypeptide) or multi-L-arginyl-poly (L-aspartic acid), is a non-protein, non-ribosomally produced amino acid polymer composed of an aspartic acid backbone and arginine side groups.
Cyanophycin was first detected in 1887 by the Italian botanist Antonino Borzì and can be found in most cyanobacteria and a few heterotrophic bacteria such as Acinetobacter sp. Cyanophycin is largely insoluble under physiological conditions and is accumulated in the form of granules in the cytoplasm during phosphate or sulfur starvation, generally in the early and mid-stationary phase. It is used as a nitrogen- and possibly carbon-storage compound and also serves as a dynamic buffer for fixed nitrogen in cyanobacterial heterocysts. Nitrogen and carbon are mobilized from cyanophycin by intracellular cyanophycinase in the form of aspartate-arginine dipeptides.
Cyanophycin is synthesized from arginine and aspartate in an ATP-dependent reaction catalyzed by a single enzyme, cyanophycin synthetase. Cyanophycin is of potential interest to biotechnology as a source of polyaspartic acid. Due to its unusual polyamphoteric character, cyanophycin is soluble in water under acidic (0.1 M HCl) and alkaline conditions. Heterologous expression of cyanophycin synthetase allows production of cyanophycin in a number of biotechnologically relevant bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum.
Since insoluble forms of CGP are easily purified, m
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AN/APG-77
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The AN/APG-77 is a multifunction low probability of intercept radar installed on the F-22 Raptor fighter aircraft. The radar was designed and initially built by Westinghouse and Texas Instruments, and production continued with their respective successors Northrop Grumman and Raytheon after acquisition.
It is a solid-state, active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar. Composed of 1956 transmit/receive modules, each about the size of a gum stick, it can perform a near-instantaneous beam steering (in the order of tens of nanoseconds).
The APG-77 provides 120° field of view in azimuth and elevation,. APG-77 has an operating range of while unconfirmed sources suggest an operating range of , against a target. A range of 400 km or more, with the APG-77v1 with newer GaAs modules is believed to be possible while using more narrow beams.
More than 100 APG-77 AESA radars have been produced to date by Northrop Grumman, and much of the technology developed for the APG-77 is being used in the APG-81 radar for the F-35 Lightning II. The AN/APG-77 system itself exhibits a very low radar cross-section, supporting the F-22's stealthy design.
The APG-77v1 was installed on F-22 Raptors from Lot 5 and on. This provided full air-to-ground functionality (high-resolution synthetic aperture radar mapping, ground moving target indication and track (GMTI/GMTT), automatic cueing and recognition, combat identification, and many other advanced features).
See also
Phased array
Active electron
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic%20equilibrium
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Genetic equilibrium is the condition of an allele or genotype in a gene pool (such as a population) where the frequency does not change from generation to generation. Genetic equilibrium describes a theoretical state that is the basis for determining whether and in what ways populations may deviate from it. Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium is one theoretical framework for studying genetic equilibrium. It is commonly studied using models that take as their assumptions those of Hardy-Weinberg, meaning:
No gene mutations occurring at that locus or the loci associated with the trait
A large population size
Limited-to-no immigration, emigration, or migration (genetic flow)
No natural selection on that locus or trait
Random mating (panmixis)
It can describe other types of equilibrium as well, especially in modeling contexts. In particular, many models use a variation of the Hardy–Weinberg principle as their basis. Instead of all of the Hardy–Weinberg characters being present, these instead assume a balance between the diversifying effects of genetic drift and the homogenizing effects of migration between populations. A population not at equilibrium suggests that one of the assumptions of the model in question has been violated.
Theoretical models of genetic equilibrium
The Hardy–Weinberg principle provides the mathematical framework for genetic equilibrium. Genetic equilibrium itself, whether Hardy-Weinberg or otherwise, provides the groundwork for a number of applications, in includ
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadley%20loop
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The "Wadley-drift-canceling-loop", also known as a "Wadley loop", is a system of two oscillators, a frequency synthesizer, and two frequency mixers in the radio-frequency signal path. The system was designed by Dr. Trevor Wadley in the 1940s in South Africa. The circuit was first used for a stable wavemeter. (A wavemeter is used for measuring the wavelength and therefore also the frequency of a signal)
There is no regulation loop in a "Wadley-loop", which is why the term is in quotation marks. However, the circuit configuration is not known by more accurate names.
The "Wadley loop" was used in radio receivers from the 1950s to approximately 1980. The "Wadley loop" was mostly used in more expensive stationary radio receivers, but the "Wadley loop" was also used in a portable radio receiver (Barlow-Wadley XCR-30 Mark II).
Overview
In a traditional superheterodyne radio receiver, most oscillator drift and instability occur in the first frequency converter stage, because it is tunable and operating at a high frequency.
Unlike other drift-reducing techniques (such as crystal control or frequency synthesis), the Wadley Loop does not attempt to stabilize the oscillator. Instead, it cancels the drift mathematically.
Principles of operation
The Wadley loop works by:
combining the first oscillator with the received signal in a frequency mixer to translate it to an intermediate frequency that is above the receiver's tuning range,
mixing the same oscillator with a comb of harmo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorna%20Oryahovitsa
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Gorna Oryahovitsa ( ) is a town in northern Bulgaria, situated in Veliko Tarnovo Province, from Veliko Tarnovo. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Gorna Oryahovitsa Municipality. According to the 2021 Census, the town has a population of 27,317 inhabitants.
The nearby village of Arbanasi is an architectural reserve with many historical monuments, such as medieval churches and examples of the Bulgarian National Revival architecture.
History
Early history
The first settlement in the area dates back to the second half of the 5th millennium BC (Middle Neolithic Age). There are traces of a later Thracian settlement between the Kamaka (The Stone) Hill and the Arbanasi Plateau. Its inhabitants were from the tribe of Krobizi. They erected the Kamaka Fortress that existed from the 5th century BC to the 1st century BC, when the Romans built up their own fortified settlement over its ruins. It gradually acquired economic power mainly through cultivating grapes and producing wine. The life of that settlement continued up to the coming of the Slavs (6th–7th century). There is no substantial evidence of settled life between the 7th and the 12th century.
Middle Ages
After the restoration of the Bulgarian State at the end of the 12th century, a need arose for protection of the new metropolis Tarnovgrad. Several fortresses were built, including Rahovets ( northwest of the modern town). The main purpose of the strongholds was to protect the roads leading to the Bulgarian
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urine
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Urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many other animals. Urine flows from the kidneys through the ureters to the urinary bladder. Urination results in urine being excreted from the body through the urethra.
Cellular metabolism generates many by-products that are rich in nitrogen and must be cleared from the bloodstream, such as urea, uric acid, and creatinine. These by-products are expelled from the body during urination, which is the primary method for excreting water-soluble chemicals from the body. A urinalysis can detect nitrogenous wastes of the mammalian body.
Urine plays an important role in the earth's nitrogen cycle. In balanced ecosystems, urine fertilizes the soil and thus helps plants to grow. Therefore, urine can be used as a fertilizer. Some animals use it to mark their territories. Historically, aged or fermented urine (known as lant) was also used for gunpowder production, household cleaning, tanning of leather and dyeing of textiles.
Human urine and feces are collectively referred to as human waste or human excreta, and are managed via sanitation systems. Livestock urine and feces also require proper management if the livestock population density is high.
Physiology
Most animals have excretory systems for elimination of soluble toxic wastes. In humans, soluble wastes are excreted primarily by the urinary system and, to a lesser extent in terms of urea, removed by perspiration. The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, ur
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warriparinga
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Warriparinga, also spelt Warriparingga, (meaning Windy Place in the local Kaurna language) is a nature reserve comprising in the metropolitan suburb of Bedford Park, in the southern suburbs of Adelaide, South Australia. Also known as Fairford, Laffer's Triangle and the Sturt Triangle, Warriparinga is bordered by Marion Road, Sturt Road and South Road, and is traversed by the Sturt River as it exists from Sturt Gorge to travel west across the Adelaide Plains.
It has historical, cultural and environmental significance as a traditional Kaurna ceremonial meeting place and as a site of early European settlement. Culturally, Warriparinga has particular significance to the Kaurna people through its association with the Tjilbruke Dreaming story and as the beginning of the Tjilbruke Trail. An interpretive museum, the Living Kaurna Cultural Centre is located on the site and recognises this tradition. The area also has historical significance as an early European settlement site, as it was settled in the 1840s soon after the establishment of South Australia. A heritage listed farmhouse remains on the site, having remained essentially unchanged after modifications were made in the 1920s, and the land contains grape vines and fruit trees planted by the early settlers.
In 1998 the site was redeveloped as a native wetland. Stocked with native vegetation and fish, the wetland was designed to filter water from the Sturt River before it reached the Patawalonga River.
Geography and location
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirk%20Bloodsworth
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Kirk Noble Bloodsworth (born October 31, 1960) is a former Maryland waterman and the first American sentenced to death to be exonerated post-conviction by DNA testing.
He had been wrongfully convicted in 1985 of the 1984 rape and first-degree murder of a nine-year-old girl in Rosedale, Maryland. By the time an appeal based on the DNA evidence was underway, his sentence had been commuted to two consecutive life sentences. He gained release from prison in 1993 and a full exoneration in 1993.
Wrongful Conviction and sentence to death
Bloodsworth served in the Marines, and was honorably discharged at the end of his term. He lived in coastal Maryland, where he worked as a waterman, harvesting shellfish and fish. In 1985 he was wrongfully convicted of sexual assault, rape, and first-degree premeditated murder in the 1984 case of Dawn Hamilton, a nine-year-old girl in Rosedale, Maryland. Five eyewitnesses stated that he had been with the victim, but he continued to maintain his innocence throughout his trial and subsequent incarceration. Two of the witnesses had not been able to identify Bloodsworth during the lineup but in fact saw him on television after the crime was committed.
In 1992, while in jail, Bloodsworth read an account of how DNA testing had led to the conviction, in England, of Colin Pitchfork in the killings of Dawn Ashworth and Lynda Mann. This resulted in the use of DNA to gain the exoneration of an earlier suspect in the case, who had falsely confessed to Ashwor
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ectopia%20lentis
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Ectopia lentis is a displacement or malposition of the eye's crystalline lens from its normal location. A partial dislocation of a lens is termed lens subluxation or subluxated lens; a complete dislocation of a lens is termed lens luxation or luxated lens.
Ectopia lentis in dogs and cats
Although observed in humans and cats, ectopia lentis is most commonly seen in dogs. Ciliary zonules normally hold the lens in place. Abnormal development of these zonules can lead to primary ectopia lentis, usually a bilateral condition. Luxation can also be a secondary condition, caused by trauma, cataract formation (decrease in lens diameter may stretch and break the zonules), or glaucoma (enlargement of the globe stretches the zonules). Steroid administration weakens the zonules and can lead to luxation, as well. Lens luxation in cats can occur secondary to anterior uveitis (inflammation of the inside of the eye).
Anterior lens luxation
With anterior lens luxation, the lens pushes into the iris or actually enters the anterior chamber of the eye. This can cause glaucoma, uveitis, or damage to the cornea. Uveitis (inflammation of the eye) causes the pupil to constrict (miosis) and trap the lens in the anterior chamber, leading to an obstruction of outflow of aqueous humour and subsequent increase in ocular pressure (glaucoma). Better prognosis is valued in lens replacement surgery (retained vision and normal intraocular pressure) when it is performed before the onset of secondary glaucoma.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reputation%20system
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Reputation systems are programs or algorithms that allow users to rate each other in online communities in order to build trust through reputation. Some common uses of these systems can be found on E-commerce websites such as eBay, Amazon.com, and Etsy as well as online advice communities such as Stack Exchange. These reputation systems represent a significant trend in "decision support for Internet mediated service provisions". With the popularity of online communities for shopping, advice, and exchange of other important information, reputation systems are becoming vitally important to the online experience. The idea of reputation systems is that even if the consumer can't physically try a product or service, or see the person providing information, that they can be confident in the outcome of the exchange through trust built by recommender systems.
Collaborative filtering, used most commonly in recommender systems, are related to reputation systems in that they both collect ratings from members of a community. The core difference between reputation systems and collaborative filtering is the ways in which they use user feedback. In collaborative filtering, the goal is to find similarities between users in order to recommend products to customers. The role of reputation systems, in contrast, is to gather a collective opinion in order to build trust between users of an online community.
Types
Online
Howard Rheingold states that online reputation systems are "computer-b
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delay%20differential%20equation
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In mathematics, delay differential equations (DDEs) are a type of differential equation in which the derivative of the unknown function at a certain time is given in terms of the values of the function at previous times.
DDEs are also called time-delay systems, systems with aftereffect or dead-time, hereditary systems, equations with deviating argument, or differential-difference equations. They belong to the class of systems with the functional state, i.e. partial differential equations (PDEs) which are infinite dimensional, as opposed to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) having a finite dimensional state vector. Four points may give a possible explanation of the popularity of DDEs:
Aftereffect is an applied problem: it is well known that, together with the increasing expectations of dynamic performances, engineers need their models to behave more like the real process. Many processes include aftereffect phenomena in their inner dynamics. In addition, actuators, sensors, and communication networks that are now involved in feedback control loops introduce such delays. Finally, besides actual delays, time lags are frequently used to simplify very high order models. Then, the interest for DDEs keeps on growing in all scientific areas and, especially, in control engineering.
Delay systems are still resistant to many classical controllers: one could think that the simplest approach would consist in replacing them by some finite-dimensional approximations. Unfortunately,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziesite
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Ziesite is a copper vanadate mineral with formula: β-Cu2V2O7. It was discovered in 1980 as monoclinic crystals occurring as volcanic sublimates around fumaroles in the crater of the Izalco Volcano, El Salvador. It is named after Emanuel George Zies (1883–1981), an American geochemist who studied Izalco in the 1930s.
Closely related is blossite, also a copper vanadate with formula of α-Cu2V2O7. It forms orthorhombic crystals. Blossite was also first described for specimens from the Izalco volcano.
Ziesite and blossite are polymorphs, different crystal structure for the same chemical composition and are quite similar in physical properties.
Associated minerals include stoiberite, shcherbinaite, bannermanite, fingerite, mcbirneyite, blossite, chalcocyanite and chalcanthite.
References
Copper(II) minerals
Vanadate minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 15
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synaptic%20pharmacology
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Synaptic pharmacology is the study of drugs that act on the synapses. It deals with the composition, uses, and effects of drugs that may enhance (receptor) or diminish (blocker) activity at the synapse, which is the junction across which a nerve impulse passes from an axon terminal to a neuron, muscle cell, or gland cell.
A partial list of pharmacological agents that act at synapses follows.
References
Neuropharmacology
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint%20Genome%20Institute
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The Joint Genome Institute (JGI) is a scientific user facility for integrative genomic science at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The mission of the JGI is to advance genomics research in support of the United States Department of Energy's (DOE) missions of energy and the environment. It is one of three national scientific user facilities supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) within the Department of Energy's Office of Research. These BER facilities are part of a more extensive network of 28 national scientific user facilities that operate at the DOE national laboratories.
The JGI advances genomics research by providing the research community with access to the latest generation of genome sequencing and analysis capabilities. It employs a staff of 250 scientists, technicians, and other personnel to support the research of the 2,180 scientific users who make use of it for their research each year. The facility sequenced 658 trillion total bases in FY 2022, and this output is now doubling about every two years.
Research at JGI
Research at JGI is organized into seven programs:
The JGI provides users with access, at no cost, to high-throughput genomic and specialized capabilities and data analysis. Researchers submit proposals to one of the seven JGI user programs, and all proposals are reviewed for scientific merit and relevance to the DOE research mission. If the proposal is approved, the JGI provides the users a number of standard se
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guiding%20Light%20%281937%E2%80%931949%29
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The Guiding Light (TGL) was an American radio series which became a television soap opera.
Show development
The series was created by Emmons Carlson and Irna Phillips, who based it on personal experiences. After giving birth to a still-born baby at age 19, she found spiritual comfort listening to sermons by a preacher of a church centered on the brotherhood of man. These sermons formed the nucleus of the creation of The Guiding Light, which began as a radio show. From 1937 to 1946, the show was broadcast from Chicago on the NBC radio network.
The show was canceled by NBC twice, once in 1939 and once in 1946. The first time on October 13, 1939, it was brought back by the popular demand of the listening audience and began again only four months later, on January 22, 1940. (Although some of the characters, Rose Kransky and part of her family, briefly transitioned to another Phillips' creation, The Right to Happiness, with Phillips bringing back the characters to The Guiding Light when NBC restarted the show.) The November 29, 1946, NBC cancellation coincided with the Federal Communications Commission forcing a split of NBC and the creation of the ABC network. CBS would pick up the show seven months later, on June 2, 1947. CBS would be where the show would stay until its cancellation on television in September 2009.
Procter & Gamble was the original sponsor of The Guiding Light until March 16, 1942, when General Mills started sponsorship. Procter & Gamble would again
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRS
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MRS, Mrs, or mrs may refer to:
Acronyms
MRS Magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Mandibular repositioning splint
Marginal rate of substitution, in economics
Maritime Reaction Squadron of the South African Navy
Market Research Society
Marseille Provence Airport (IATA airport code)
Materials Research Society
Melbourne Rectangular Stadium
Minimal recursion semantics
Modified Rankin Scale, to measure disability after stroke
Monks Risborough railway station, England (National Rail station code)
Movimiento Renovador Sandinista, a political party in Nicaragua, see Sandinista Renovation Movement
M.R.S. (Most Requested Show), Filipino TV show
MRS Logística, a freight rail company in Brazil
MRS suit, breathing apparatus, see Siebe Gorman#Rebreather equipment
Molecular Recognition Section as a Drug prefix, e.g. MRS5698.
MRS agar, a bacterial growth medium for Lactobacilli
Other abbreviations
Mrs., an honorific title for married women
SQL Server Reporting Services, a Microsoft Reporting Services computer technology to create data reports
mrs, abbreviation for maravedis (monetary unit or coin)
(As Mrş) abbreviation for Mareşal, the highest rank in the Army of Turkey
M. Rs., pen-name of Swedish writer Mathilda Roos (1852-1908)
The Mrs, U.S. pop-rock band
See also
Missus (disambiguation)
Miss (disambiguation)
MR (disambiguation)
MS (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London%20Buses%20route%203
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London Buses route 3 is a Transport for London contracted bus route in London, England. Running between Crystal Palace bus station and Victoria station, it is operated by Abellio London.
History
Route 3 started operations on 1 November 1908 between Brixton station and South Croydon. On 19 November 1908, the route was altered at both ends to run between Oxford Circus and South Croydon. From April 1909 it was extended on Sundays to Purley, then to Whyteleafe in August 1909. A month later, route 3 was extended northwards to Camden Town, and was withdrawn between Streatham Common and Whyteleafe. On 3 March 1910, route 3 was withdrawn between Brixton (Lambeth Town Hall) and Streatham Common and re-routed via Effra Road to Brixton. In the same month the route was extended to Hampstead Heath. From 16 June 1912, route 3 became a Monday to Saturday route only, being replaced by the recently introduced 59 on Sundays.
On 11 May 1913, a new daily route 3A was introduced between Camden Town and Crystal Palace via route 3 to Brixton, then via Water Lane, Herne Hill, Croxted Road and South Croxted Road. Routes 3 and 3A only ran as such until 17 July 1913, when both routes became daily and exchanged numbers. At the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, the 3A was withdrawn as an economy measure, but was re-instated in October. Route 3 was extended from Crystal Palace to Upper Norwood a month later. By the end of hostilities route 3A had been withdrawn and route 3 ran between Camden Town
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20Aten%20Temple
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The Small Aten Temple is a temple to the Aten located in the ancient Egyptian city of Amarna. It is one of the two major temples in the city, the other being the Great Temple of the Aten. It is situated next to the King's House and near the Royal Palace, in the central part of the city. Original known as the Hwt-Jtn or Mansion of the Aten, it was probably constructed before the larger Great Temple. Its only contemporary depiction is found in the tomb of Tutu (Amarna Tomb 8). Like the other structures in the city, it was constructed quickly, and hence was easy to dismantle and reuse the material for later construction.
It was first excavated in 1931 by the Egypt Exploration Society.
Layout
The structure was surrounded by a large temenos enclosure wall made of large bricks measuring 37 x 19 x 14.5 cm. The temenos enclosed an area of 127 m by 200 m. On the eastern end the remains of flower beds were found, and an avenue of trees separated it from the surrounding buildings. The main entrance was from the west, through two massive brick pylons. Each pylon had slots for two flag poles. Walls projecting forward from the pylon gateway originally held doors. In the main entrance, a large area of preserved gypsum plaster was found bearing the impressions of blocks and mason's marks. This area of plaster was the base of a later platform with a stepped exterior approach and a ramped interior. The find of a ring bezel bearing the name 'Ankhkheperure' dates this to the reigns of pharaohs
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau%20Figeac
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Château-Figeac is a wine estate in the Saint-Émilion appellation of Bordeaux.
, it is one of two chateaux to carry the highest rank (Premier Grand Cru Classé A) in the official Classification of Saint-Émilion wine (2022 classification, valid until 2031 harvest year).
It is among the largest estates in Saint-Émilion, comprising in one block, of which are vineyards. Due to its soil, which is dominated by gravel, it is planted in grape varieties Cabernet Sauvignon (35%), Cabernet Franc (35%), and Merlot (30%). Most other Saint-Émilion wines are dominated by Merlot, and Figeac therefore bears a certain semblance to the wines of Médoc and Graves despite being situated on Bordeaux's right bank. The wine, which is one of the most famous of Saint-Émilion, is aged in 100% new oak barrels.
From 1945 to 2011, the estate produced a second wine named La Grange Neuve de Figeac. From the 2012 vintage, the second wine of Figeac was rebranded as Petit-Figeac.
History
Château-Figeac originates from an ancient estate that traces its roots back to the 2nd century, when a Gallo-Roman villa was built on the estate and named after a Figeacus. In the late 18th century, the property was close to in size, but was sold and subdivided several times in the 19th century until 1892, when Henri de Chevremont bought it. Henriette, the daughter of de Chevremont, married André Villepigue and became the owner of Figeac. The estate was managed by Alfred Maquin, as the Villepigues lived in Paris. In 1905,
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