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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOBIN | NOBIN (2-amino-2'-hydroxy-1,1'-binaphthyl) is an organic molecule used for asymmetric catalysis. NOBIN is related to BINOL and other analogs by both having a chiral axis and being a scaffold for certain chemical reactions. NOBIN is an excellent catalyst for the aldol reaction producing reliable products, good yields, and excellent diastereoselectivity.
Though rotation around the bond joining the rings is limited by the hydrogen atoms, enantiomerically pure NOBIN may racemize upon heating.
NOBIN is prepared by oxidative cross coupling of 2-naphthol and 2-naphthylamine. The oxidative source is metal ions in solution such as Fe2+ or a Cu2+ amine complex. Once racemic NOBIN is produced, it needs to be resolved. One method for this is the use of camphorsulfonic acid, in which the basic group of NOBIN is used to form a diastereomeric salt of one enantiomer. The other enantiomer however will stay in solution.
References
Kocovsky, Smrcina, Lorenc, Hanus; Synlett;(1991) 231
Ding, Li; Ten years of research on NOBIN chemistry: Current Organic Synthesis;(2005);2;499-545
Catalysts
2-Naphthols
Naphthylamines |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demography%20of%20Greater%20Manchester | The demography of Greater Manchester is analysed by the Office for National Statistics and data is produced for each of its ten metropolitan boroughs, each of the Greater Manchester electoral wards, the NUTS3 statistical sub-regions, each of the Parliamentary constituencies in Greater Manchester, the 15 civil parishes in Greater Manchester, and for all of Greater Manchester as a whole; the latter of which had a population of 2,682,500 at the 2011 UK census. Additionally, data is produced for the Greater Manchester Urban Area. Statistical information is produced about the size and geographical breakdown of the population, the number of people entering and leaving country and the number of people in each demographic subgroup.
Key statistics
Compared against the demography of England, Greater Manchester's demographics are broadly inline with national averages on many topics. In terms of ethnicity, its Asian and British Asian population is considerably above the regional and national averages, as is the portion of residents who identify as Muslim. Compared against the demography of the United Kingdom, Greater Manchester's ethnic minority population consists of 11.09% of the total population. NB. Information in the table on the right is from the 2001 census and not the most recent 2011 census.
As of 2020, the ONS estimates the population of the Greater Manchester Metropolitan County to be 2,835,686.
Population change
The following is a table outlining population totals of the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamina%20lucida | The lamina lucida is a component of the basement membrane which is found between the epithelium and underlying connective tissue (e.g., epidermis and dermis of the skin). It is a roughly 40 nanometre wide electron-lucent zone between the plasma membrane of the basal cells and the (electron-dense) lamina densa of the basement membrane.
Similarly, electron-lucent and electron-dense zones can be seen between enamel of teeth and the junctional epithelium. The electron-lucent zone is adjacent to the cells of the junctional epithelium and might be considered a continuation of the lamina lucida as both are seen to harbour hemidesmosomes. However, unlike the lamina densa, the electron-dense zone adjacent to enamel show no signs of hemidesmosomes.
Some theorize that the lamina lucida is an artifact created when preparing the tissue, and that the lamina lucida is therefore equal to the lamina densa in vivo.
See also
Basal lamina
List of target antigens in pemphigoid
References
Skin anatomy |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamina%20densa | The lamina densa is a component of the basement membrane zone between the epidermis and dermis of the skin, and is an electron-dense zone between the lamina lucida and dermis, synthesized by the basal cells of the epidermis, and composed of (1) type IV collagen, (2) anchoring fibrils made of type VII collagen, and (3) dermal microfibrils.
See also
Basal lamina
References
Skin anatomy |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherton%20syndrome | Netherton syndrome is a severe, autosomal recessive form of ichthyosis associated with mutations in the SPINK5 gene. It is named after Earl W. Netherton (1910–1985), an American dermatologist who discovered it in 1958.
Signs and symptoms
Netherton syndrome is characterized by chronic skin inflammation, universal pruritus (itch), severe dehydration, and stunted growth. Patients with this disorder tend to have a hair shaft defect (trichorrhexis invaginata), also known as "bamboo hair". The disrupted skin barrier function in affected individuals also presents a high susceptibility to infection and allergy, leading to the development of scaly, reddish skin similar to atopic dermatitis. In severe cases, these atopic manifestations persist throughout the individual's life, and consequently post-natal mortality rates are high. In less severe cases, this develops into the milder ichthyosis linearis circumflexa.
Netherton syndrome has recently been characterised as a primary immunodeficiency, which straddles the innate and acquired immune system, much as does Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome. A group of Netherton patients have been demonstrated to have altered immunoglobulin levels (typically high IgE and low to normal IgG) and immature natural killer cells. These natural killer cells have a reduced lytic function; which can be improved with regular infusions of immunoglobulin (see 'Treatment'); although the mechanism for this is not clear.
Patients are more prone than healthy people to i |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methoxy%20arachidonyl%20fluorophosphonate | Methoxy arachidonyl fluorophosphonate, commonly referred as MAFP, is an irreversible active site-directed enzyme inhibitor that inhibits nearly all serine hydrolases and serine proteases. It inhibits phospholipase A2 and fatty acid amide hydrolase with special potency, displaying IC50 values in the low-nanomolar range. In addition, it binds to the CB1 receptor in rat brain membrane preparations (IC50 = 20 nM), but does not appear to agonize or antagonize the receptor, though some related derivatives do show cannabinoid-like properties.
See also
DIFP – diisopropyl fluorophosphate, a related inhibitor
IDFP – isopropyl dodecylfluorophosphonate, another related inhibitor with selectivity for FAAH and MAGL
Activity-based probes
References
Cannabinoids
Phosphonofluoridates
Serine protease inhibitors
Arachidonyl compounds |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well%20integrity | Well integrity, in regard to oil wells, is defined by as the "“Application of technical, operational and organizational solutions to reduce risk of uncontrolled release of formation fluids throughout the life cycle of a well”. There are various facets to well integrity, including accountability/responsibility, well operating processes, well service processes, tubing/annulus integrity, tree/wellhead integrity and testing of safety systems.
A similar form of words are used in ISO 16530 well integrity standard
Accountability/responsibility
Accountability is the position that ensures a particular task is being done. They typically control the budget and organizational chart structure.
Responsibility is the position that actually does the task. There are a variety of tasks associated with well integrity and responsibility can reside with a field's well operations engineer, operators, well service technicians, etc.
Well operating processes
This includes processes such as personnel competency, well startup-operating-shutdown procedures, process to report anomalies, corrosion/erosion control, etc.
Well service processes
This includes processes such as personnel competency, intervention procedures, etc.
Tubing/annulus integrity
This refers to the integrity of the production tubing. Common threats to tubing integrity are erosion and corrosion by production fluids, which denude the steel. The other threat is pressure differential between the tubing and the 'A' annulus. If it |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRAP | IRAP may refer to:
The International Refugee Assistance Project
The International Road Assessment Programme
The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure
Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist, a protein
IRAP PhD Program, an international joint doctorate program in relativistic astrophysics
IRAP RMS Suite, a software suite for geomodelling and designing reservoirs
Insulin responsive aminopeptidase, an alias for Leucyl/cystinyl aminopeptidase |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organellar%20DNA | Organellar DNA (oDNA) is DNA contained in organelles (such as mitochondria and chloroplasts), outside the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
Mitochondria contain mitochondrial DNA
Plastids (e.g., chloroplasts) contain plastid DNA
Inheritance of organelle DNA
The traits encoded by this type of DNA, in animals, generally pass from mother to offspring rather than from the father in a process called cytoplasmic inheritance. This is due to the ovum provided from the mother being larger than the male sperm cell, and therefore has more organelles, where the organellar DNA is found.
Although maternal inheritance is most common, there are also paternal and biparental patterns of inheritance that take place. The latter two patterns of inheritance are found most often in plants.
Recombination of organelle DNA is very limited, meaning that any traits that are encoded by the oDNA are likely to remain the same as they are passed from generation to generation.
Structure
Unlike nuclear DNA, which is present as linear molecules inside the chromosomes, the entire genomes of chloroplasts and mitochondria are present on a single molecule of double-stranded circular DNA molecule; this is very similar structure to a bacterial chromosome.
Although the functionality and genetic structure vary significantly between different organelles and their host species, genetic characteristic patterns allow the differentiation between nucleolar and organellar DNA. A recently published machine-learning appr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NanoMemPro%20IPPC%20Database | The NanoMemPro IPPC database focus the operations where membranes are introduced as Best Available Techniques in the industrial areas addressed by the IPPC Directive.
The Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Directive was adopted by the European Council on September 24, 1996. It defines the obligations with which highly polluting industrial and agricultural activities must comply.
It establishes a procedure for authorizing these activities: a permit is issued if certain environmental conditions are met.
The IPPC Directive aims to minimise pollution from various sources throughout the European Union (it concerns both new and existing installations). To do so, all industrial installations covered by the Annex I of the IPPC Directive (see ) are required to obtain an authorisation (permit) from the authorities in the EU countries before they are allowed to operate. The permits granted must be based on the concept of Best Available Techniques (or BAT).
Features
The IPPC Directive covers 33 industrial sectors where in almost all of them membrane processes appear as BAT, not only as an end-of-pipe solution for effluent treatment but mainly as a part of the industrial production processes.
Membrane process integration play a crucial role, depending on the industrial sector in which they are integrated, and these roles may be:
Confinement of pollutants in concentrate streams (that may be further treated by destructive processes),
Permeate recycle or re-use in the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956%E2%80%9357%20Serie%20A | The 1956–57 Serie A season was won by Milan.
Teams
Udinese and Palermo had been promoted from Serie B.
Final classification
Results
Top goalscorers
References and sources
Almanacco Illustrato del Calcio - La Storia 1898-2004, Panini Edizioni, Modena, September 2005
External links
- All results on RSSSF Website.
Serie A seasons
Italy
1956–57 in Italian football leagues |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV%20Avala | TV Avala (full legal name: TV Avala d.o.o., Serbian Cyrillic: ТВ Авала) was a Serbian television network with national frequency. Registered as a limited liability company, the station was given a national TV frequency in Serbia in April 2006.
Five months after that, it premiered on September 17, 2006 at 8 pm. With its editorial policy, TV Avala initially reminded many of the old RTS's third channel (3K), which ceased operations on May 5, 2006 at twelve midnight.
After using the conventional format of movies, news, and sports for its first four years on the air, the network made a substantial turn towards business news in March 2010.
With headquarters located in the Belgrade municipality of Savski Venac, TV Avala broadcasts 24 hours a day.
Overview
One of the first shows broadcast on TV Avala was Star Trek: Enterprise, the first time in almost fifteen years one of the Star Trek series to be broadcast legally in Serbia. Due to this Serbian Trekkies have strongly sported this television, making a fan-site and a forum even before official site was online. Enterprise had medium ratings and public hoped that older shows of franchise will be shown. After Enterprise ended its run, there was annunciations for other Star Trek shows, but have yet to be seen.
Ownership
TV Avala's ownership structure includes 4 subjects (2 individuals and 2 companies).
The majority stake in TV Avala is held by businessman Danko Đunić (51%). In late February 2008, a 5% stake in the television was b |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrence%20period%20density%20entropy | Recurrence period density entropy (RPDE) is a method, in the fields of dynamical systems, stochastic processes, and time series analysis, for determining the periodicity, or repetitiveness of a signal.
Overview
Recurrence period density entropy is useful for characterising the extent to which a time series repeats the same sequence, and is therefore similar to linear autocorrelation and time delayed mutual information, except that it measures repetitiveness in the phase space of the system, and is thus a more reliable measure based upon the dynamics of the underlying system that generated the signal. It has the advantage that it does not require the assumptions of linearity, Gaussianity or dynamical determinism. It has been successfully used to detect abnormalities in biomedical contexts such as speech signal.
The RPDE value is a scalar in the range zero to one. For purely periodic signals, , whereas for purely i.i.d., uniform white noise, .
Method description
The RPDE method first requires the embedding of a time series in phase space, which, according to stochastic extensions to Taken's embedding theorems, can be carried out by forming time-delayed vectors:
for each value xn in the time series, where M is the embedding dimension, and τ is the embedding delay. These parameters are obtained by systematic search for the optimal set (due to lack of practical embedding parameter techniques for stochastic systems) (Stark et al. 2003). Next, around each point in the phase s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-medians%20clustering | In statistics, k-medians clustering is a cluster analysis algorithm. It is a variation of k-means clustering where instead of calculating the mean for each cluster to determine its centroid, one instead calculates the median. This has the effect of minimizing error over all clusters with respect to the 1-norm distance metric, as opposed to the squared 2-norm distance metric (which k-means does.)
This relates directly to the k-median problem with respect to the 1-norm, which is the problem of finding k centers such that the clusters formed by them are the most compact. Formally, given a set of data points x, the k centers ci are to be chosen so as to minimize the sum of the distances from each x to the nearest ci.
The criterion function formulated in this way is sometimes a better criterion than that used in the k-means clustering algorithm, in which the sum of the squared distances is used. The sum of distances is widely used in applications such as the facility location problem.
The proposed algorithm uses Lloyd-style iteration which alternates between an expectation (E) and maximization (M) step, making this an expectation–maximization algorithm. In the E step, all objects are assigned to their nearest median. In the M step, the medians are recomputed by using the median in each single dimension.
Medians and medoids
The median is computed in each single dimension in the Manhattan-distance formulation of the k-medians problem, so the individual attributes will come fro |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microarray%20databases | A microarray database is a repository containing microarray gene expression data. The key uses of a microarray database are to store the measurement data, manage a searchable index, and make the data available to other applications for analysis and interpretation (either directly, or via user downloads).
Microarray databases can fall into two distinct classes:
A peer reviewed, public repository that adheres to academic or industry standards and is designed to be used by many analysis applications and groups. A good example of this is the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) from NCBI or ArrayExpress from EBI.
A specialized repository associated primarily with the brand of a particular entity (lab, company, university, consortium, group), an application suite, a topic, or an analysis method, whether it is commercial, non-profit, or academic. These databases might have one or more of the following characteristics:
A subscription or license may be needed to gain full access,
The content may come primarily from a specific group (e.g. SMD, or UPSC-BASE), the Immunological Genome Project
There may be constraints on who can use the data or for what purpose data can be used,
Special permission may be required to submit new data, or there may be no obvious process at all,
Only certain applications may be equipped to use the data, often also associated with the same entity (for example, caArray at NCI is specialized for the caBIG),
Further processing or reformatting of the data may |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaginary%20curve | In algebraic geometry an imaginary curve is an algebraic curve which does not contain any real points.
For example, the set of pairs of complex numbers satisfying the equation forms an imaginary circle, containing points such as and but not containing any points both of whose coordinates are real.
In some cases, more generally, an algebraic curve with only finitely many real points is considered to be an imaginary curve. For instance, an imaginary line is a line (in a complex projective space) that contains only one real point.
See also
Imaginary point
Real line
Real curve
References
Projective geometry
Curves |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fc%20receptor-like%20molecule | Fc receptor-like molecules (FCRLs) are a class of proteins that resemble Fc receptors. They have been characterized in a number of species, including humans and mice. They are preferentially expressed by B lymphocytes. Unlike the classical Fc receptors, there is no strong evidence that suggests that FCRLs bind to the Fc portion of antibodies. Their function is unknown.
It has been indicated that FCRLs may be a unique marker for immune cells in the brain called microglia, compared to other CNS cells and peripheral immune cells.
Members
FCRL1
FCRL2
FCRL3
FCRL4
FCRL5
FCRL6
FCRLA. FCRLA associates with IgM, IgG and IgA.
FCRLB
See also
Fc receptor
References
Further reading
Fc receptors |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LZS | LZS may refer to:
Latvijas Zemnieku savienība, a political party in Latvia
Lempel–Ziv–Stac, a lossless data compression algorithm
Leutnant zur See, a rank in the German Navy
Ludowe Zespoły Sportowe, a union of Polish sport clubs |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keratinocyte%20transglutaminase | Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase K is a transglutaminase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TGM1 gene.
Function
Keratinocyte transglutaminase enzymes serve to specifically catalyze the development of the cornified cell envelope, a defining characteristic of epidermal keratinocytes that have undergone the termination of differentiation. The specific cross linkages formed by keratinocyte transglutaminase are between n^ε-(γ-glutamyl)lysine residues which develop into isopeptide protein-protein linkages that adds to the stabilization of the cornified cell envelope.
In terminally differentiated stratified squamous epithelia, the cornified cell envelope protein linkages allow for a structurally fortified, yet flexible (15 nm thick) layer to the place of the cell membrane, acting as a highly insoluble barrier. The expression of the enzyme is most highly exhibited along the biological membrane of these fully formed epithelial cells, preventing the cell from undergoing chemical and or physical damages. A lesser amount of enzymatic activity, of the TGK genes (5-10%), lies within the cytoplasmic fraction of such cells, allowing for finalization of the cross-linkaging necessary for the full functionality of the cornified cell envelope.
Pathology
A deficiency is associated with ichthyosis lamellaris. Epidermal transglutaminase is the autoantigen, in humans, of dermatitis herpetiformis.
A study on the mutation of keratinocyte transglutaminase (TGK) came to conclude t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CACP | CACP might refer to:
Camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis syndrome
Proteoglycan 4, extracellular protein
Organisations and government
Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police
Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices, India
Communauté d'agglomération de Cergy-Pontoise, France
Conservation of the Asiatic Cheetah Project, Iran |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diiodohydroxyquinoline | The quinoline derivative diiodohydroxyquinoline (INN), or iodoquinol (USAN), brand name Diodoquin, can be used in the treatment of amoebiasis.
It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is used as a luminal amebicide. It acts by chelation of ferrous ions essential for metabolism.
It was discovered by Adco Co. and introduced as diiodohydroxyquinoline.
Susceptibility of Dientamoeba fragilis has been measured.
Iodoquinol is an amebicide used against Entamoeba histolytica, and it is active against both cyst and trophozoites that are localized in the lumen of the intestine. It is considered the drug of choice for treating asymptomatic or moderate forms of amebiasis. The full mechanism of action is unknown. Iodoquinol is used for diseases caused by moderate intestinal amebiasis.
Diiodohydroxyquinoline enhances zinc absorption in the zinc deficiency disorder acrodermatitis enteropathica, probably because it acts as a zinc ionophore.
See also
Ionophore
References
Iodoarenes
Quinolinols |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VVI | VVI may stand for:
Variable-voltage inverter, a type of variable-frequency drive system
Venevisión International, a global television network broadcasting Spanish content
Vermont Volunteer Infantry Regiments, a group of infantry regiments in the Union Army during the American Civil War
Vertical velocity indicator, also known as variometer
Viad Corp. (NYSE code: VVI), a marketing company
Vinnie Vincent Invasion, an American glam metal band
Viru Viru International Airport (IATA code: VVI), an aviation facility in Bolivia
es:VVI
nl:VVI |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft%20vectoring | Aircraft vectoring is a navigation service provided to aircraft by air traffic control. The controller decides on a particular airfield traffic pattern for the aircraft to fly, composed of specific legs or vectors. The aircraft then follows this pattern when the controller instructs the pilot to fly specific headings at appropriate times.
Vectoring is used to separate aircraft by a specified distance, to aid the navigation of flights, and to guide arriving aircraft to a position from which they can continue their final approach to land under the guidance of an approach procedure published by the FAA.
Vectoring is the provision of navigational guidance to aircraft in the form of specific headings, based on the use of an ATS surveillance system.
Aircraft may be vectored to:
apply ATS surveillance system separation
achieve an expeditious flow of aircraft
maximise use of available airspace
comply with noise abatement procedures
avoid areas of known hazardous weather or known severe turbulence.
adjust the arrival sequence
establish the aircraft on final approach track of a pilot-interpreted approach
maneuver an aircraft into a suitable position below the clouds near an aerodrome for a visual approach and landing.
The nature of Terminal area operations means that vectoring plays a significant part in the way controllers' process traffic.
References
Air traffic control
Air navigation
Navigational aids |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1957%E2%80%9358%20Serie%20A | The 1957–58 Serie A season was won by Juventus.
Teams
Hellas Verona and Alessandria had been promoted from Serie B.
Final classification
This season was influenced by the Belfast disaster. Following the defeat of the Italy national football team by Northern Ireland, the sole elimination of Italy from the FIFA World Cup before 2018, the Italian government appointed a commissioner to the FIGC. A reduction of the Serie A to 16 clubs was imposed, with a single promotion from the Serie B and three relegations, but the Football League disagreed. The League won the dispute, and the reduction was annulled establishing a playoff between the 17th in Serie A and the 2nd in Serie B. In the meantime, Atalanta was ranked last for a corruption case: the Bergamo club was later accomplished by a judge, but for equity the ordinary, original regulation with two relegations was restored.
Inter and Roma were invited to the 1958–60 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup.SS Lazio was the cupwinner.
Results
Serie A qualification
Hellas Verona had to play two qualification matches against the team that ranked second in Serie B.
Hellas Verona relegated to Serie B.
Top goalscorers
References and sources
Almanacco Illustrato del Calcio - La Storia 1898-2004, Panini Edizioni, Modena, September 2005
External links
- All results on RSSSF Website.
Serie A seasons
Italy
1957–58 in Italian football leagues |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa%20Louvigny | Villa Louvigny is a building in Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg, that served as the headquarters of Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Télédiffusion, the forerunner of RTL Group. It is located in Municipal Park, in the Ville Haute quarter of the centre of the city.
History
Built in 1920 on a site that before had been the Louvigny fort of the old fortress of Luxembourg, it was named after Jean Charles de Landas, Count of Louvigny, who was chief engineer and interim governor of the fortress in the 1670s. The building was rented to the Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Télédiffusion, who eventually bought the building in 1936. In 1991 the administrative offices moved to a new building on the Kirchberg plateau, followed by the technical installations in 1996. The philharmonic orchestra of Luxembourg remained in the facilities until 2005 when the Philharmony building was finished.
Villa Louvigny has hosted the Eurovision Song Contest twice, in 1962 and 1966.
Since 2000, the Villa Louvigny has been the main seat of the ministry of health.
See also
Radio Luxembourg
References
External links
Music venues in Luxembourg City
Television in Luxembourg |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiolutin | Thiolutin is a sulfur-containing antibiotic, which is a potent inhibitor of bacterial and yeast RNA polymerases. It was found to inhibit in vitro RNA synthesis directed by all three yeast RNA polymerases (I, II, and III). Thiolutin is also an inhibitor of mannan and glucan formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and used for the analysis of mRNA stability. Studies have shown that thiolutin inhibits adhesion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to vitronectin and thus suppresses tumor cell-induced angiogenesis in vivo.
Thiolutin is formed in submerged fermentation by several strains of Streptomycetes luteosporeus. Some sources erroneously specify "aureothricin" as a synonym of thiolutin. Aureothricin is an antibiotic very similar to thiolutin, and is created as a by-product during the thiolutin fermentation.
References
Antibiotics
Organic disulfides
Lactams
Acetamides
Enones |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumping%20%28oil%20well%29 | In the context of oil wells, pumping is a routine operation involving injecting fluids into the well. Pumping may either be done by rigging up to the kill wing valve on the Xmas tree or, if an intervention rig up is present pumping into the riser through a T-piece (a small section of riser with a connection on the side). Pumping is most routinely done to protect the well against scale and hydrates through the pumping of scale inhibitors and methanol. Pumping of kill weight brine may be done for the purposes of well kills and more exotic chemicals may be pumped from surface for cleaning the lower completion or stimulating the reservoir (though these types are jobs are more frequently done with coiled tubing for extra precision).
Importance of knowing quantity
Work involving wells is fraught with difficulties as there is often very little information about the real time condition of the completion. This lack of knowledge also covers potential damage and even loss of well integrity. Therefore, it is essential for the operator to pay attention to the pressures as recorded and to the quantity pumped. A premature increase in pressure is sign of a potential blockage and continuing to pump risks burst pressure retaining components. Pumping more than an anticipated amount of fluid is a sign of a loss of integrity and a potential leak path somewhere. In either of these two situations, pumping must be stopped and the potential causes analysed.
Compressed volumes
It is vital to |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91-N-acetylgalactosaminidase | α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase () is a glycoside hydrolase from bacteria and animals, also known as nagalase.
The human gene that codes for this enzyme is NAGA. Mutations in this gene and the deficiency in α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity have been identified as the cause of Schindler disease.
Enzymes with this activity is useful for converting type A blood to type O, giving it the name of A-zyme. Bacterial enzymes in the GH109 family, including the A-zyme from Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, runs this reaction efficiently.
Nagalase catalyzes the deglycosylation of the Gc protein also known as vitamin D3 binding protein rendering it incapable of being converted to the regulatory protein, Gc Macrophage Activating Factor, a protein involved in the activation of macrophages — in cases when many types of incompatible cells happen to be around, thus nagalase diminishes the body’s macrophage activating capacity, and elevated nagalase has been reported in systemic disorders including systemic lupus erythematosus. Elevated nagalase levels have also been found in the blood of children with autism and autism spectrum disorders. Nagalase accumulates in the serum of cancer patients and its activity correlates with tumor burden, aggressiveness and clinical disease progression.
References
External links
EC 3.2.1
Enzymes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slepian%27s%20lemma | In probability theory, Slepian's lemma (1962), named after David Slepian, is a Gaussian comparison inequality. It states that for Gaussian random variables and in satisfying ,
the following inequality holds for all real numbers :
or equivalently,
While this intuitive-seeming result is true for Gaussian processes, it is not in general true for other random variables—not even those with expectation 0.
As a corollary, if is a centered stationary Gaussian process such that for all , it holds for any real number that
History
Slepian's lemma was first proven by Slepian in 1962, and has since been used in reliability theory, extreme value theory and areas of pure probability. It has also been re-proven in several different forms.
References
Slepian, D. "The One-Sided Barrier Problem for Gaussian Noise", Bell System Technical Journal (1962), pp 463–501.
Huffer, F. "Slepian's inequality via the central limit theorem", Canadian Journal of Statistics (1986), pp 367–370.
Ledoux, M., Talagrand, M. "Probability in Banach Spaces", Springer Verlag, Berlin 1991, pp 75.
Lemmas |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borel%20right%20process | In the mathematical theory of probability, a Borel right process, named after Émile Borel, is a particular kind of continuous-time random process.
Let be a locally compact, separable, metric space.
We denote by the Borel subsets of .
Let be the space of right continuous maps from to that have left limits in ,
and for each , denote by the coordinate map at ; for
each , is the value of at .
We denote the universal completion of by .
For each , let
and then, let
For each Borel measurable function on , define, for each ,
Since and the mapping given by is right continuous, we see that
for any uniformly continuous function , we have the mapping given by is right continuous.
Therefore, together with the monotone class theorem, for any universally measurable function , the mapping given by , is jointly measurable, that is, measurable, and subsequently, the mapping is also -measurable for all finite measures on and on .
Here,
is the completion of
with respect
to the product measure .
Thus, for any bounded universally measurable function on ,
the mapping is Lebeague measurable, and hence,
for each , one can define
There is enough joint measurability to check that is a Markov resolvent on ,
which uniquely associated with the Markovian semigroup .
Consequently, one may apply Fubini's theorem to see that
The following are the defining properties of Borel right processes:
Hypothesis Droite 1:
For each probability measure on , the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston%20Dynamics | Boston Dynamics is an American engineering and robotics design company founded in 1992 as a spin-off from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Headquartered in Waltham, Massachusetts, Boston Dynamics has been owned by the Hyundai Motor Group since December 2020, but having only completed the acquisition in June 2021.
Boston Dynamics develops of a series of dynamic highly mobile robots, including BigDog, Spot, Atlas, and Handle. Since 2019, Spot has been made commercially available, making it the first commercially available robot from Boston Dynamics, while the company has stated its intent to commercialize other robots as well, including Handle.
History
The company was founded by Marc Raibert, who spun the company off from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1992. The company was an outgrowth of the Leg Laboratory, Raibert's research lab at MIT and Carnegie Mellon University. The Leg Laboratory helped establish the scientific basis for highly dynamic robots. These robots were inspired by the remarkable ability of animals to move with agility, dexterity, perception and intelligence, and the work there set the stage for the robots developed at Boston Dynamics. Nancy Cornelius was a co-founder of Boston Dynamics, having joined the company as its first employee. During her time there she served as an officer of the company, did engineering on many contracts, was CFO for 10 years, and later was VP in charge of engineering on several contracts. She retired after |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum%20bounding%20box%20algorithms | In computational geometry, the smallest enclosing box problem is that of finding the oriented minimum bounding box enclosing a set of points. It is a type of bounding volume. "Smallest" may refer to volume, area, perimeter, etc. of the box.
It is sufficient to find the smallest enclosing box for the convex hull of the objects in question. It is straightforward to find the smallest enclosing box that has sides parallel to the coordinate axes; the difficult part of the problem is to determine the orientation of the box.
Two dimensions
For the convex polygon, a linear time algorithm for the minimum-area enclosing rectangle is known. It is based on the observation that a side of a minimum-area enclosing box must be collinear with a side of the convex polygon. It is possible to enumerate boxes of this kind in linear time with the approach called rotating calipers by
Godfried Toussaint in 1983. The same approach is applicable for finding the minimum-perimeter enclosing rectangle. A C++ implementation of the algorithm that is robust against floating point errors is available.
Three dimensions
In 1985, Joseph O'Rourke published a cubic-time algorithm to find the minimum-volume enclosing box of a 3-dimensional point set. O'Rourke's approach uses a 3-dimensional rotating calipers technique, and is based on lemmas characterizing the minimum enclosing box:
There must exist two neighbouring faces of the smallest-volume enclosing box which both contain an edge of the convex hull of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boroxine | Boroxine () is a 6-membered heterocyclic compound composed of alternating oxygen and singly-hydrogenated boron atoms. Boroxine derivatives (boronic anhydrides) such as trimethylboroxine and triphenylboroxine also make up a broader class of compounds called boroxines. These compounds are solids that are usually in equilibrium with their respective boronic acids at room temperature. Beside being used in theoretical studies, boroxine is primarily used in the production of optics.
Structure and bonding
Three-coordinate compounds of boron typically exhibit trigonal planar geometry, therefore the boroxine ring is locked in a planar geometry as well. These compounds are isoelectronic to benzene. With the vacant p-orbital on the boron atoms, they may possess some aromatic character. Boron single-bonds on boroxine compounds are mostly s-character. Ethyl-substituted boroxine has B-O bond lengths of 1.384 Å and B-C bond lengths of 1.565 Å. Phenyl-substituted boroxine has similar bond lengths of 1.386 Å and 1.546 Å respectively, showing that the substituent has little effect on the boroxine ring size.
Substitutions onto a boroxine ring determine its crystal structure. Alkyl-substituted boroxines have the simplest crystal structure. These molecules stack on top of each other, aligning an oxygen atom from one molecule with a boron atom in another, leaving each boron atom between two other oxygen atoms. This forms a tube out of the individual boroxine rings. The intermolecular B-O distan |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish%20Crystal | Irish Crystal is the ninth of the Nuala Anne McGrail series of mystery novels by Roman Catholic priest and author Father Andrew M. Greeley.
References
2006 American novels
Nuala Anne McGrail series
Novels by Andrew M. Greeley
Forge Books books |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koda | Koda or KODA may refer to:
People
Cub Koda (1948–2000), American rock and roll songwriter, singer, guitarist, disc jockey, music critic and record compiler
Geeta Koda (born ca. 1983), Indian politician
Gjon Koda (born 1893), Albanian friar, one of the 38 Blessed Martyrs of Albania
Harold Koda (born 1950), American fashion scholar
Madhu Koda (born 1971), Indian Chief Minister of the State of Jharkhand
Kōda, often spelled Koda or Kouda, a common Japanese surname
Aya Kōda (1904–1990), Japanese essayist and novelist
Gakuto Coda (born 1977), Japanese light novelist
Isao Koda (born 1965), Japanese baseball pitcher
Hiroyuki Koda (1944–1997), director of the US Yoshukai Karate Association 1979-1997
Kaho Kōda (born 1967), Japanese voice actress
Koda Kumi (born 1982), Japanese pop singer
Kuniko Koda (born 1965), Japanese politician
Kōda Rohan, pen name of Japanese author Kōda Shigeyuki (1867–1947)
Masakazu Koda (born 1969), Japanese soccer player
Mariko Kouda (born 1969), Japanese voice actress and J-Pop singer
Naoko Kouda, stage name of Japanese voice actress Yumiko Satō (born 1959)
Nobu Kōda (1870–1946), Japanese composer, violinist, and music teacher
Shosei Koda (1979–2004), Japanese tourist who was beheaded in Iraq
Kōda, fictional family in the Manpuku Japanese TV drama series (2018–)
Koda Glover (born 1993), American baseball pitcher
Koda Martin (born 1995), American football player
KODA (singer), Ghanaian gospel singer Kofi Owusu Dua Anto (born 1978)
Places
Kōda Station (disam |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papillary%20stenosis | Papillary stenosis is a disturbance of the sphincter of Oddi, a muscular valve, that prevents the opening and release of bile or pancreatic fluids into the duodenum in response to food entering the duodenum.
Obstruction of the valve can cause:
pancreatic pain
jaundice – bile leaking back into the blood stream.
attacks of pancreatitis
Causes
passage of stones
scarring
Gluten-sensitive enteropathy
Autoimmune pancreatitis
Diagnosis and treatment
Endoscopic examination
Usually treated surgically, usually involving papillotomy, that is, an incision in the sphincter.
See also
Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction
External links
Papillary Stenosis: Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction
References
Biliary tract disorders |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin%20Mobile%20South%20Africa | Virgin Mobile South Africa (VMSA) was a mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) which was launched in 2006 as a joint venture between Sir Richard Branson's Virgin Group and Cell C. Based in Johannesburg, the bustling business-hub of South Africa, Virgin Mobile South Africa has established itself as a dynamic and growing brand with stores nationwide. In February 2011, Cell C sold its stake to Virgin Group and Calico Investments, after which Virgin Group assumed a controlling stake. In November 2020 the company went into voluntary business rescue. In September 2021 their customers were informed that services would be stopped by the end of November 2021, but by 17 September 2021 all services were stopped, leaving many customers stranded.
Services
Voice & SMS
Virgin Mobile prides itself in being a no-frills brand providing simplicity to its customers. The MVNO offers a prepaid product with a flat voice rate across all networks, at any time of the day and an out of bundle rate of 99c per MB. Virgin Mobile also offers BYO (Bring Your Own) SIM only plans which are available on a month-to-month and 12 month packages.
Virgin Mobile airtime is available in various denominations via the major banks, in retail and petrol stations nationwide as well as online.
Internet
Virgin Mobile offers users mobile internet via EDGE, 3G, LTE and HSPA+ at the cost of 99c per MB on prepaid. Customers also have the flexibility to load mobile internet bundles, which may significantly reduce this per MB |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclin%20D1 | Cyclin D1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCND1 gene.
Gene expression
The CCND1 gene encodes the cyclin D1 protein. The human CCND1 gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 11 (band 11q13). It is 13,388 base pairs long, and translates into 295 amino acids. Cyclin D1 is expressed in all adult human tissues with the exception of cells derived from bone marrow stem cell lines (both lymphoid and myeloid).
Protein structure
Cyclin D1 is composed of the following protein domains and motifs:
retinoblastoma protein (pRb) binding motif;
cyclin box domain for cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) binding and CDK inhibitor binding;
LxxLL binding motif for co-activator recruitment;
PEST sequence that may mark the protein for degradation;
threonine residue (threonine 286) that controls nuclear export and protein stability.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of CDKs (cyclin-dependent kinase). Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. This cyclin forms a complex with and functions as a regulatory subunit of CDK4 or CDK6, whose activity is required for cell cycle G1/S transition. This protein has been shown to interact with tumor suppressor protein Rb and the expression of this gen |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwest%20Oregon%20Conference | The Northwest Oregon Conference (NWOC) is a 5A level classification that falls under the Oregon School Activities Association or the OSAA. The conference was created in 2006 when the OSAA restructured its conference system, expanding from 4 levels to 6. Schools at the 5A level had previously competed at the 4A or 3A level.
Members
Canby High School - Canby
Centennial High School - Gresham
Hillsboro High School - Hillsboro
Hood River Valley High School - Hood River
La Salle High School - Milwaukie
Milwaukie High School - Milwaukie
Parkrose High School - Portland
Rex Putnam High School - Milwaukie
Wilsonville High School - Wilsonville
External links
nwoc5a.org
High school sports in Oregon
High school sports conferences and leagues in the United States
2006 establishments in Oregon |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic%20plateau | A volcanic plateau is a plateau produced by volcanic activity. There are two main types: lava plateaus and pyroclastic plateaus.
Lava plateau
Lava plateaus are formed by highly fluid basaltic lava during numerous successive eruptions through numerous vents without violent explosions (quiet eruptions). These eruptions are quiet because of low viscosity of lava, so that it is very fluid and contains a small amount of trapped gases. The resulting sheet lava flows may be extruded from linear fissures or rifts or gigantic volcanic eruptions through multiple vents characteristic of the prehistoric era which produced giant flood basalts. Multiple successive and extensive lava flows cover the original landscape to eventually form a plateau, which may contain lava fields, cinder cones, shield volcanoes and other volcanic landforms. In some cases, a lava plateau may be part of a single volcano. An example is the massive Level Mountain shield volcano in northern British Columbia, Canada, which covers an area of and a volume of .
Perhaps the most extensive of all the subaerial basaltic plateaus existed during the Paleogene and possibly extended over of the northern Atlantic Ocean region. This region, known as the Thulean Plateau, is generally believed to have been broken up by foundering of the Earth's crust to form the present ocean basin.
Earth features numerous subaerial and submarine volcanic plateaus such as the Columbia River Plateau (subaerial) and the vast Ontong Java Pla |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960%E2%80%9361%20Serie%20A | The 1960–61 Serie A season was won by Juventus.
Teams
Torino, Lecco and Catania had been promoted from Serie B.
Final classification
Results
Relegation tie-breaker
Bari relegated to Serie B.
Top goalscorers
References and sources
Almanacco Illustrato del Calcio - La Storia 1898-2004, Panini Edizioni, Modena, September 2005
External links
- All results on RSSSF Website.
Serie A seasons
Italy
1960–61 in Italian football leagues |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss%20of%20Strength%20Gradient | The Loss of Strength Gradient (LSG) is a military concept devised by Kenneth E. Boulding in his 1962 book Conflict and Defense: A General Theory. He argued that the amount of a nation's military power that could be brought to bear in any part of the world depended on geographic distance. The Loss of Strength Gradient demonstrated graphically that, the farther away the target of aggression, the less strength could be made available. It also showed how this loss of strength could be ameliorated by forward positions.
Decreasing relevance
Boulding also argued that the Loss of Strength Gradient was becoming less relevant in modern warfare due to easier transportation and the rise of strategic air and missile power. He claimed that a 20th-century "military revolution" allowed for a "substantial diminution in the cost of transportation of organized violence of all kinds, especially of organized armed forces", as well as "an enormous increase in the range of the deadly projectile."
On the other hand, another scholar contended that the Loss of Strength Gradient continues to be relevant, and if there has been a reduction in the concept's significance, it was only temporary, as transportation is not becoming permanently easy, and air power is not permanently replacing the need for forward deployed ground forces.
See also
Blue-water navy
Culminating point
Defence in depth
Expeditionary warfare
Power projection
Strategic depth
References
Military doctrines
Military logistics
Mi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpstat | mpstat is a computer command-line software used in Unix-type operating systems to report (on the screen) processor-related statistics. It is used in computer monitoring in order to diagnose problems or to build statistics about a computer's CPU usage.
Description
The mpstat command writes to standard output activities for each available processor.
The mpstat command can be used both on SMP and UP machines, but in the latter, only global average activities will be printed.
Usage
$ mpstat <interval> <count>
Interval is the time in seconds between printing out a line of statistics. Count is the number of lines of output you want.
Note that the first line of output from mpstat (like iostat, vmstat, etc.) contains averages since system boot. The subsequent lines will show current values.
Examples
Different examples of output under different operating systems:
under Linux kernel 4.14 on a two CPU machine:
Linux 4.14.24.mptcp (hostname) 05/23/2018 _x86_64_ (2 CPU)
03:51:19 PM CPU %usr %nice %sys %iowait %irq %soft %steal %guest %gnice %idle
03:51:20 PM all 2.51 0.00 2.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 95.48
03:51:21 PM all 2.53 0.00 2.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 95.45
under Linux kernel 2.4:
$ mpstat
Linux 2.4.21-32.ELsmp (linux00) 07/04/07
10:26:54 CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %irq %soft %idle intr/s
10:26:54 all 0.07 0.00 0.16 8.48 0.00 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurens%20de%20Haan | Laurens de Haan (born 15 January 1937) is a Dutch economist and Emeritus Professor of Probability and Mathematical Statistics at the Erasmus University Rotterdam, specializing in extreme value theory.
Biography
Born in Rotterdam, De Haan received his MA in mathematics from the University of Amsterdam in 1966, and his PhD in mathematics in 1970 under supervision of Johannes Runnenburg for the thesis "On regular variation and sample extremes".
De Haan started his academic career in 1966 as researcher in probability and statistics at the Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam. In the year 1971–72 he was visiting assistant professor at Stanford University. In 1977 he was appointed professor of probability and mathematical statistics at the Erasmus Universiteit, where he stayed until his retirement in 1998. From 1990 to 1992 he was associate dean of the school of economics. From 2008 to 2011 he was part-time professor of statistics at the University of Tilburg.
In 1977 he was elected Fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (I.M.S.), and he was guest professor at Peking University in 1994. He was awarded a Doctor honoris causa from the Universidade de Lisboa in 2000 and the Medallion lecture at the I.M.S. annual meeting in Gothenburg in 2000.
Work
Overschrijdingslijnen project
The "Overschrijdingslijnen" was a research project based on extreme-value analysis, meant to provide new standards for the Dutch sea defenses. It was commissioned by the Ministry of Public Works, s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husan | Husan () is a Palestinian town located west of Bethlehem, in the Bethlehem Governorate. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, Husan had a population of 7,048 in 2017.
Husan is located in the Seam Zone of the Israeli-occupied West Bank, such that it is separated from the rest of the West Bank by the Israeli West Bank barrier.
Etymology
In Arabic, husan means "goodness and beauty". The name may also be derived from Hassan monastery, which later became Husan. In 1881, Edward Henry Palmer wrote that it came from "hovering round".
History
The oldest remains found in the village date back to the Iron Age. Other remains date from the post-Babylonian captivity period and the Middle Ages. The original inhabitants came from the Arabian Peninsula and Yemen in the 3rd century. Ceramics from the Byzantine era have been found here.
Ottoman era
Husan, like the rest of Palestine, was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517, and in the census of 1596, the village appeared in the tax registers as being in the Nahiya of Quds of the Liwa of Quds. It had an all-Muslim population of 12 households and paid taxes on wheat, barley, summer crops, vineyards and fruit trees, vegetable and fruit garden, orchard, occasional revenues, goats and/or beehives.
In 1838 it was noted as a Muslim village in the District of el-'Arkub; Southwest of Jerusalem.
When Victor Guérin first passed by Husan in June 1863, he noted that it was located on a mountain. Later, in August the sa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regression%20%28medicine%29 | Regression in medicine is the partial or complete reversal of a disease's signs and symptoms.
Clinically, regression generally refers to a decrease in severity of symptoms without completely disappearing. At a later point, symptoms may return. These symptoms are then called recidive.
In cancer, regression refers to a specific decrease in the size or extent of a tumour. In histopathology, histological regression is one or more areas within a tumor in which neoplastic cells have disappeared or decreased in number. In melanomas, this means complete or partial disappearance from areas of the dermis (and occasionally from the epidermis), which have been replaced by fibrosis, accompanied by melanophages, new blood vessels, and a variable degree of inflammation.
References
Epidemiology
Medical terminology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttendorf | Uttendorf is a municipality in the district of Zell am See (Pinzgau region), in the state of Salzburg in Austria.
Population
Climate
The Köppen Climate Classification sub-type for this climate is "ET" (Tundra Climate).
References
Cities and towns in Zell am See District
Kitzbühel Alps
Glockner Group
Granatspitze Group |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrophage%20migration%20inhibitory%20factor | Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), also known as glycosylation-inhibiting factor (GIF), L-dopachrome isomerase, or phenylpyruvate tautomerase is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MIF gene. MIF is an important regulator of innate immunity. The MIF protein superfamily also includes a second member with functionally related properties, the D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT). CD74 is a surface receptor for MIF.
Bacterial antigens stimulate white blood cells to release MIF into the blood stream. The circulating MIF binds to CD74 on other immune cells to trigger an acute immune response. Hence, MIF is classified as an inflammatory cytokine. Furthermore, glucocorticoids also stimulate white blood cells to release MIF and hence MIF partially counteracts the inhibitory effects that glucocorticoids have on the immune system. Finally trauma activates the anterior pituitary gland to release MIF.
Structure
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor assembles into a trimer composed of three identical subunits. Each of these monomers contain two antiparallel alpha helices and a four-stranded beta sheet. The monomers surround a central channel with 3-fold rotational symmetry.
Response to injury
Cytokines play an important role in promoting wound healing and tissue repair. Cell injury results in MIF release which then interacts with CD74. MIF-CD74 signaling activates pro-survival and proliferative pathways that protects the host during injury.
Enzymatic activity
MIF cont |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenkins%E2%80%93Traub%20algorithm | The Jenkins–Traub algorithm for polynomial zeros is a fast globally convergent iterative polynomial root-finding method published in 1970 by Michael A. Jenkins and Joseph F. Traub. They gave two variants, one for general polynomials with complex coefficients, commonly known as the "CPOLY" algorithm, and a more complicated variant for the special case of polynomials with real coefficients, commonly known as the "RPOLY" algorithm. The latter is "practically a standard in black-box polynomial root-finders".
This article describes the complex variant. Given a polynomial P,
with complex coefficients it computes approximations to the n zeros of P(z), one at a time in roughly increasing order of magnitude. After each root is computed, its linear factor is removed from the polynomial. Using this deflation guarantees that each root is computed only once and that all roots are found.
The real variant follows the same pattern, but computes two roots at a time, either two real roots or a pair of conjugate complex roots. By avoiding complex arithmetic, the real variant can be faster (by a factor of 4) than the complex variant. The Jenkins–Traub algorithm has stimulated considerable research on theory and software for methods of this type.
Overview
The Jenkins–Traub algorithm calculates all of the roots of a polynomial with complex coefficients. The algorithm starts by checking the polynomial for the occurrence of very large or very small roots. If necessary, the coefficients are res |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical%20benchmarking | In statistics, benchmarking is a method of using auxiliary information to adjust the sampling weights used in an estimation process, in order to yield more accurate estimates of totals.
Suppose we have a population where each unit has a "value" associated with it. For example, could be a wage of an employee , or the cost of an item . Suppose we want to estimate the sum of all the . So we take a sample of the , get a sampling weight W(k) for all sampled , and then sum up for all sampled .
One property usually common to the weights described here is that if we sum them over all sampled , then this sum is an estimate of the total number of units in the population (for example, the total employment, or the total number of items). Because we have a sample, this estimate of the total number of units in the population will differ from the true population total. Similarly, the estimate of total (where we sum for all sampled ) will also differ from true population total.
We do not know what the true population total value is (if we did, there would be no point in sampling!). Yet often we do know what the sum of the are over all units in the population. For example, we may not know the total earnings of the population or the total cost of the population, but often we know the total employment or total volume of sales. And even if we don't know these exactly, there often are surveys done by other organizations or at earlier times, with very accurate estimates of these auxi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schaefer%E2%80%93Bergmann%20diffraction | Schaefer–Bergmann diffraction is the resulting diffraction pattern of light interacting with sound waves in transparent crystals or glasses.
See also
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=1076617
http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v52/i3/p223_1
DOI.org
References
Diffraction |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acer%20Value%20Line | Acer Value Line is a product line of low-cost LCD monitors manufactured by Taiwan-based computer company Acer. Most of the liquid crystal display monitors from the Value Line series are dedicated to home or office users. Most of them have a classic design and standard functions ideal for home of office use. Value Line monitors are one of the most popular Acer products and they are available worldwide. At the end of 2008, Acer's Value line was discontinued.
Technical overview
Monitors are marked "AL XX YY ZZ". This is acronym for Acer, LCD, screen size in inches, model number, additional info (widescreen, speakers, color of monitor's cover). For example AL1715SM or AL1916W. Than AL1916W monitor have 19 inch screen, it is the 16th acer model and it has a wide screen.
The older models were marked "AL XXX"; it is the same marking, but only one number is used for parameter description.
For market reasons Acer uses serial numbers in conformation "ET.LXXXX.XXX".
Design
Monitors have a classic design, most of them have a white, black, or silver-black colored cover.
Casing of monitors is thin with big screen and 5 buttons and LED indicator under the screen.
1st button is using for turn on/off monitor and last for Automatic configuration, other buttons are used for OSD menu control.
References
External links
Acer website
Value Line |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartilage%20associated%20protein | Cartilage associated protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CRTAP gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is similar to the chicken and mouse CRTAP genes. The encoded protein is a scaffolding protein that may influence the activity of at least one member of the cytohesin/ARNO family in response to specific cellular stimuli.
Clinical significance
Mutations in the CRTAP gene are associated with osteogenesis imperfecta, types VII and IIB, a connective tissue disorder characterized by bone fragility and low bone mass.
References
Further reading |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leprecan | Leprecan is a protein associated with osteogenesis imperfecta type VIII.
Leprecan is part of a superfamily of 2OG-Fe(II) dioxygenase, along with DNA repair protein AlkB, and disease resistant EGL-9. The enzyme was found to be a type of hydroxylases used in the substrate formation of protein glycosylation.
Activities
Leprecan, a proteoglycan, has demonstrated prolyl hydroxylase activity; prolyl hydroxylases hydroxylate proline residues. Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1, P3H1, forms a larger complex with CRTAP and cyclophilin B, CyPB, in the endoplasimic reticulum. The complex hydroxylates a single proline residue, Pro986, on collagen chains. Recessive forms of Osteogenesis Imperfecta are partly caused by a mutation in the LEPRE1 gene that encodes prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1; malfunctioning prolyl 3-hydroxylase in leprecan leads to inappropriate collagen folding due to instability caused by the absence of hydroxyproline, the product of hydroxylating a proline residue.
References
External links |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA%20database | A DNA database or DNA databank is a database of DNA profiles which can be used in the analysis of genetic diseases, genetic fingerprinting for criminology, or genetic genealogy. DNA databases may be public or private, the largest ones being national DNA databases.
DNA databases are often employed in forensic investigations. When a match is made from a national DNA database to link a crime scene to a person whose DNA profile is stored on a database, that link is often referred to as a cold hit. A cold hit is of particular value in linking a specific person to a crime scene, but is of less evidential value than a DNA match made without the use of a DNA database. Research shows that DNA databases of criminal offenders reduce crime rates.
Types
Forensic
A forensic database is a centralized DNA database for storing DNA profiles of individuals that enables searching and comparing of DNA samples collected from a crime scene against stored profiles. The most important function of the forensic database is to produce matches between the suspected individual and crime scene bio-markers, and then provides evidence to support criminal investigations, and also leads to identify potential suspects in the criminal investigation. Majority of the National DNA databases are used for forensic purposes.
The Interpol DNA database is used in criminal investigations. Interpol maintains an automated DNA database called DNA Gateway that contains DNA profiles submitted by member countries collecte |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagen%2C%20type%20V%2C%20alpha%201 | Collagen alpha-1(V) chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL5A1 gene.
This gene encodes an alpha chain for one of the low abundance fibrillar collagens. Fibrillar collagen molecules are trimers that can be composed of one or more types of alpha chains. Type V collagen is found in tissues containing type I collagen and appears to regulate the assembly of heterotypic fibers composed of both type I and type V collagen. This gene product is closely related to type XI collagen and it is possible that the collagen chains of types V and XI constitute a single collagen type with tissue-specific chain combinations. Mutations in this gene are associated with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, types I and II.
See also
Type-V collagen
References
Further reading
External links
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, Classic Type. Includes: Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Type I, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Type II
Collagens |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagen%2C%20type%20V%2C%20alpha%202 | Collagen alpha-2(V) chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL5A2 gene.
This gene encodes an alpha chain for one of the low abundance fibrillar collagens. Fibrillar collagen molecules are trimers that can be composed of one or more types of alpha chains. Type V collagen is found in tissues containing type I collagen and appears to regulate the assembly of heterotypic fibers composed of both type I and type V collagen. This gene product is closely related to type XI collagen and it is possible that the collagen chains of types V and XI constitute a single collagen type with tissue-specific chain combinations. Mutations in this gene are associated with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, classical type, formerly known as types I and II.
See also
Type-V collagen
TSR1
References
Further reading
External links
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, Classic Type. Includes: Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Type I, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Type II
Collagens |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral%20Gene | Spectral Gene is an SRPG for the PlayStation 2, and is the next installment in Idea Factory's Spectral series. It was developed and published for Japan by Idea Factory and was released on December 13, 2007.
References
External links
The official website of Spectral Gene
2007 video games
Tactical role-playing video games
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation 2-only games
Video games developed in Japan
Japan-exclusive video games
Idea Factory games
Single-player video games |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logistic%20model%20tree | In computer science, a logistic model tree (LMT) is a classification model with an associated supervised training algorithm that combines logistic regression (LR) and decision tree learning.
Logistic model trees are based on the earlier idea of a model tree: a decision tree that has linear regression models at its leaves to provide a piecewise linear regression model (where ordinary decision trees with constants at their leaves would produce a piecewise constant model). In the logistic variant, the LogitBoost algorithm is used to produce an LR model at every node in the tree; the node is then split using the C4.5 criterion. Each LogitBoost invocation is warm-started from its results in the parent node. Finally, the tree is pruned.
The basic LMT induction algorithm uses cross-validation to find a number of LogitBoost iterations that does not overfit the training data. A faster version has been proposed that uses the Akaike information criterion to control LogitBoost stopping.
References
See also
C4.5 algorithm
Decision trees |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maintenance%20engineering | Maintenance Engineering is the discipline and profession of applying engineering concepts for the optimization of equipment, procedures, and departmental budgets to achieve better maintainability, reliability, and availability of equipment.
Maintenance, and hence maintenance engineering, is increasing in importance due to rising amounts of equipment, systems, machineries and infrastructure. Since the Industrial Revolution, devices, equipment, machinery and structures have grown increasingly complex, requiring a host of personnel, vocations and related systems needed to maintain them. Prior to 2006, the United States spent approximately US$300 billion annually on plant maintenance and operations alone. Maintenance is to ensure a unit is fit for purpose, with maximum availability at minimum costs. A person practicing maintenance engineering is known as a maintenance engineer.
Maintenance engineer's description
A maintenance engineer should possess significant knowledge of statistics, probability, and logistics, and in the fundamentals of the operation of the equipment and machinery he or she is responsible for. A maintenance engineer should also possess high interpersonal, communication, and management skills, as well as the ability to make decisions quickly.
Typical responsibilities include:
Assure optimization of the maintenance organization structure
Analysis of repetitive equipment failures
Estimation of maintenance costs and evaluation of alternatives
Forecasting |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum%20distance | The term minimum distance may refer to
Minimum distance estimation, a statistical method for fitting a model to data
Closest pair of points problem, the algorithmic problem of finding two points that have the minimum distance among a larger set of points
Euclidean distance, the minimum length of any curve between two points in the plane
Shortest path problem, the minimum length of a path between two points in a graph
The minimum distance of a block code in coding theory, the smallest Hamming distance between any two of its code words |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenbufen | Fenbufen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat pain.
Fenbufen is a member of the propionic acid derivatives class of drugs.
It was introduced by American Cyanamid under the trade name Lederfen in the 1980s. Due to liver toxicity, it was withdrawn from markets in the developed world in 2010.
As of 2015 it was available in Taiwan and Thailand under several brand names.
Preparation
Fenbufen can be synthesized by acylation of biphenyl with succinic anhydride under Friedel-Crafts conditions.
References
Hepatotoxins
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Withdrawn drugs |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector%20Analysis | Vector Analysis is a textbook by Edwin Bidwell Wilson, first published in 1901 and based on the lectures that Josiah Willard Gibbs had delivered on the subject at Yale University. The book did much to standardize the notation and vocabulary of three-dimensional linear algebra and vector calculus, as used by physicists and mathematicians. It was reprinted by Yale in 1913, 1916, 1922, 1925, 1929, 1931, and 1943. The work is now in the public domain. It was reprinted by Dover Publications in 1960.
Contents
The book carries the subtitle "A text-book for the use of students of mathematics and physics. Founded upon the lectures of J. Willard Gibbs, Ph.D., LL.D." The first chapter covers vectors in three spatial dimensions, the concept of a (real) scalar, and the product of a scalar with a vector. The second chapter introduces the dot and cross products for pairs of vectors. These are extended to a scalar triple product and a quadruple product. Pages 77–81 cover the essentials of spherical trigonometry, a topic of considerable interest at the time because of its use in celestial navigation. The third chapter introduces the vector calculus notation based on the del operator. The Helmholtz decomposition of a vector field is given on page 237.
The final eight pages develop bivectors as these were integral to the course on the electromagnetic theory of light that Professor Gibbs taught at Yale. First Wilson associates a bivector with an ellipse. The product of the bivector wit |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatability | Palatability (or palatableness) is the hedonic reward (which is pleasure of taste in this case) provided by foods or fluids that are agreeable to the "palate", which often varies relative to the homeostatic satisfaction of nutritional, water, or energy needs. The palatability of a food or fluid, unlike its flavor or taste, varies with the state of an individual: it is lower after consumption and higher when deprived. It has increasingly been appreciated that this can create a hunger that is independent of homeostatic needs.
Brain mechanism
The palatability of a substance is determined by opioid receptor-related processes in the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum. The opioid processes involve mu opioid receptors and are present in the rostromedial shell part of the nucleus accumbens on its spiny neurons. This area has been called the "opioid eating site".
The rewardfulness of consumption associated with palatability is dissociable from desire or incentive value which is the motivation to seek out a specific commodity. Desire or incentive value is processed by opioid receptor-related processes in the basolateral amygdala. Unlike the liking palatability for food, the incentive salience wanting is not downregulated by the physiological consequences of food consumption and may be largely independent of homoeostatic processes influencing food intake.
Though the wanting of incentive salience may be informed by palatability, it is independent and not necessarily reduced to it. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Output-sensitive%20algorithm | In computer science, an output-sensitive algorithm is an algorithm whose running time depends on the size of the output, instead of, or in addition to, the size of the input. For certain problems where the output size varies widely, for example from linear in the size of the input to quadratic in the size of the input, analyses that take the output size explicitly into account can produce better runtime bounds that differentiate algorithms that would otherwise have identical asymptotic complexity.
Examples
Division by subtraction
A simple example of an output-sensitive algorithm is given by the division algorithm division by subtraction which computes the quotient and remainder of dividing two positive integers using only addition, subtraction, and comparisons:
def divide(number: int, divisor: int) -> Tuple[int, int]:
"""Division by subtraction."""
if divisor == 0:
raise ZeroDivisionError
if number < 1 or divisor < 1:
raise ValueError(
f"Positive integers only for "
f"dividend ({number}) and divisor ({divisor})."
)
q = 0
r = number
while r >= divisor:
q += 1
r -= divisor
return q, r
Example output:
>>> divide(10, 2)
(5, 0)
>>> divide(10, 3)
(3, 1)
This algorithm takes Θ(Q) time, and so can be fast in scenarios where the quotient Q is known to be small. In cases where Q is large however, it is outperformed by more complex algorithms such as long division.
Computational geometry |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant%20transformation%20vector | Plant transformation vectors are plasmids that have been specifically designed to facilitate the generation of transgenic plants. The most commonly used plant transformation vectors are termed T-DNA binary vectors and are often replicated in both E. coli, a common lab bacterium, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a plant-virulent bacterium used to insert the recombinant (customized) DNA into plants.
Plant Transformation vectors contain three key elements;
Plasmids Selection (creating a custom circular strand of DNA)
Plasmids Replication (so that it can be easily worked with)
Transfer DNA (T-DNA) region (inserting the DNA into the agrobacteria)
Steps in plant transformation
A custom DNA plasmid sequence can be created and replicated in more than one way, but all methods generally share the following processes.
Plant transformation using plasmids begins with the propagation of the binary vector in E. coli. When the bacterial culture reaches the appropriate density, the binary vector is isolated and purified. Then, a foreign gene can be introduced. The engineered binary vector, including the foreign gene, is re-introduced in E. coli for amplification.
The engineered binary factor is isolated from E. coli and is introduced into Agrobacteria containing a modified (relatively small) Ti plasmid. This engineered Agrobacteria can be used to infect plant cells. The T-DNA containing the foreign gene gets inserted into a plant cell genome. In each infected cell, the T-DNA gets integra |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchical%20fair-service%20curve | The hierarchical fair-service curve (HFSC) is a network scheduling algorithm for a network scheduler proposed by Ion Stoica, Hui Zhang and T. S. Eugene from Carnegie Mellon University at SIGCOMM 1997
It is based on a QoS and CBQ.
An implementation of HFSC is available in all operating systems based on the Linux kernel, such as e.g. OpenWrt, and also in DD-WRT, NetBSD 5.0, FreeBSD 8.0 and OpenBSD 4.6.
References
External links
Hierarchical Packet Schedulers
HFSC Scheduling with Linux
HFSC Tutorial
HFSC and VoIP « Maciej Bliziński
Network performance
Network scheduling algorithms |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadarranque%20Solar%20Power%20Plant | Guadarranque solar power plant (also known as Cádiz solar power plant, ) is a photovoltaic solar power plant in the Guadarranque industrial park in San Roque, Cádiz, Spain. The plant is owned and operated by Endesa.
In 2007, Endesa received a municipal permit to build a 20.1 megawatt (MW) photovoltaic solar power plant. Construction on the first stage of the plant began in July 2007 and was finished in September 2008. The first stage has installed capacity of 12.3 MW and it covers . It consists of 123 photovoltaic installations, each including 550 220-watt solar panels. The first stage cost €90 million and its annual generation is estimated about 24 GWh.
Electricity production at the plant will increase during the summer months due to the higher number of daylight hours. This will help to meet the significant rise in power demand in Andalusia in the summer.
See also
Solar power in Spain
References
Photovoltaic power stations in Spain
Energy in Andalusia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynkin%27s%20formula | In mathematics — specifically, in stochastic analysis — Dynkin's formula is a theorem giving the expected value of any suitably smooth statistic of an Itō diffusion at a stopping time. It may be seen as a stochastic generalization of the (second) fundamental theorem of calculus. It is named after the Russian mathematician Eugene Dynkin.
Statement of the theorem
Let X be the Rn-valued Itō diffusion solving the stochastic differential equation
For a point x ∈ Rn, let Px denote the law of X given initial datum X0 = x, and let Ex denote expectation with respect to Px.
Let A be the infinitesimal generator of X, defined by its action on compactly-supported C2 (twice differentiable with continuous second derivative) functions f : Rn → R as
or, equivalently,
Let τ be a stopping time with Ex[τ] < +∞, and let f be C2 with compact support. Then Dynkin's formula holds:
In fact, if τ is the first exit time for a bounded set B ⊂ Rn with Ex[τ] < +∞, then Dynkin's formula holds for all C2 functions f, without the assumption of compact support.
Example
Dynkin's formula can be used to find the expected first exit time τK of Brownian motion B from the closed ball
which, when B starts at a point a in the interior of K, is given by
Choose an integer j. The strategy is to apply Dynkin's formula with X = B, τ = σj = min(j, τK), and a compactly-supported C2 f with f(x) = |x|2 on K. The generator of Brownian motion is Δ/2, where Δ denotes the Laplacian operator. Therefore, by Dynkin's formu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBMX | IBMX (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine), like other methylated xanthine derivatives, is both a:
competitive non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor which raises intracellular cAMP, activates PKA, inhibits TNFα and leukotriene synthesis, and reduces inflammation and innate immunity, and
nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist.
As a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, IBMX has IC50 = 2–50 μM and does not inhibit PDE8 or PDE9.
References
Adenosine receptor antagonists
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
Xanthines |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Hinch%20%28mathematician%29 | Edward John Hinch (born 4 March 1947) is a Professor of fluid dynamics at the University of Cambridge, and fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.
His research covers a wide range of fluid dynamics, including micro-hydrodynamics, colloidal dispersion, flow through porous media, polymer rheology and non-Newtonian fluid dynamics. He also works on industrial problems involving fluid dynamics, including collaborating with experimental groups in Paris, Marseille and Toulouse. He lectures undergraduates at the University of Cambridge, is a Director of Studies for Trinity College, and supervises PhD students.
John Hinch has published more than a hundred papers on fluid dynamics. Since 1997 he has been a Fellow of the Royal Society and he is also a Knight of the Ordre National du Mérite of France and a Fellow of the American Physical Society. In 2012, Hinch was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for contributions to the mechanics of fluids, suspensions, and polymeric liquids and to industrial processes.
External links
John Hinch's Cambridge Homepage
John Hinch on the Mathematics Genealogy Project
1947 births
Living people
20th-century British mathematicians
21st-century British mathematicians
Rheologists
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge
Fellows of the Royal Society
Cambridge mathematicians
Fluid dynamicists
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Engineering |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classic%20Crystal | Classic Crystal is the second compilation album by American country music singer Crystal Gayle.
Released in October 1979, the album spans Gayle's time on the United Artists Records label, which proved to be the height of her career. It peaked at #8 on the Billboard Country Music Albums chart, and #62 on the Billboard 200. It was certified Gold by the RIAA in 1980.
In the United Kingdom, a 14 track modified version of the album was released in 1980 as The Crystal Gayle Singles Album. It included the recent UK singles 'We Should Be Together' and 'Too Deep For Tears' as well as 'High Time', 'River Road' and 'All I Wanna Do In Life'. 'I'll Do It All Over Again' was omitted. It reached #7 on the UK Album Chart (Gayle's first and only UK Top 10 album) and was certified Gold by the British Phonographic Industry.
Track listing
Crystal Gayle albums
1979 compilation albums
Albums produced by Allen Reynolds
Liberty Records compilation albums |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favorites%20%28Crystal%20Gayle%20album%29 | Favorites is the third compilation album by American country music artist Crystal Gayle. The album consists of some of Gayle's lesser-known songs from the period she was signed to United Artists Records. It was released in April 1980, only a short time after a greatest hits compilation album, Classic Crystal.
The album peaked at #37 on the Billboard Country Albums chart, and at #149 on the main Billboard 200 chart.
Track listing
Chart performance
1980 compilation albums
Crystal Gayle albums
Albums produced by Allen Reynolds |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Gayle%27s%20Greatest%20Hits | Crystal Gayle's Greatest Hits is the fifth compilation album by American country music artist Crystal Gayle, and the first to package her recordings from Columbia Records. All the material on this album is from the three albums she recorded on Columbia Records: Miss the Mississippi, These Days, and Hollywood, Tennessee. It was released in August 1983 on Columbia Records.
Track listing
Chart performance
Crystal Gayle albums
1983 compilation albums
Albums produced by Allen Reynolds
Columbia Records compilation albums |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Crystal%20Christmas | A Crystal Christmas was the first holiday album by Crystal Gayle. All the songs on this album are classic holiday compositions with no new songs. It was released in October 1986.
Track listing
Personnel
Crystal Gayle – vocals
Alan Steinberger – acoustic piano
David Innis – synthesizers
Bob Patin – synthesizers
Mark Casstevens – acoustic guitar
Steve Gibson – acoustic guitar, electric guitars
Chris Leuzinger – acoustic guitar, electric guitars
Jay Patten – acoustic guitar, saxophones
Duncan Mullins – bass
Michael Rhodes – bass
Eddie Bayers – drums
Tony Newman – drums
Jim Horn – saxophones, recorder
The Nashville String Machine – orchestra
Bergen White – orchestral arrangements and conductor
Carl Gorodetzky – concertmaster
Tom Brannon – backing vocals
Lori Brooks – backing vocals
Phil Forrest – backing vocals
Sheri Huffman – backing vocals
Lisa Silver – backing vocals
Diane Tidwell – backing vocals
Dennis Wilson – backing vocals
Production
Jim Ed Norman – producer
Eric Prestidge – recording, mixing
Lee Groitzsch – recording assistant, mix assistant
Bob Vogt – recording assistant, mix assistant
Denny Purcell – mastering at Georgetown Masters (Nashville, Tennessee)
Laura LiPuma – art direction, design
John Forsman – photography
Chart performance
References
Crystal Gayle albums
1986 Christmas albums
Christmas albums by American artists
Warner Records albums
Albums produced by Jim Ed Norman
Country Christmas albums |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rev-Erb | The Rev-Erb proteins are members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of intracellular transcription factors and key regulatory components of the circadian clock. There are two forms of the receptor, Rev-Erb alpha and Rev-Erb beta, which are each encoded by a separate gene (NR1D1 and NR1D2, respectively).
These proteins act as key regulators of clock gene expression through transcriptional repression of Bmal1. Through their regulation of clock-controlled genes, the Rev-Erb proteins affect several physiological processes throughout the body, including metabolic, endocrine, and immune pathways.
In the NRNC classification scheme, Rev-Erb is nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D (NR1D). The name "Rev-Erb" derived by truncation from "Rev-ERBA" (Rev-Erbα), which in turn was named because it was on the opposite strand of ERBA (THRA) oncogene. The paralogous Rev-Erbβ does not seem to have anything special on its reverse strand. Older sources may use "Rev-ERBA" as the family name.
See also
Rev-Erbɑ
Rev-Erbβ
Nuclear Receptors
Transcription Factors
Circadian Clock
References
External links
1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testicular%20receptor | The testicular receptor proteins are members of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors. There are two forms of the receptor, TR2 and TR4, each encode by a separate gene ( and respectively).
References
External links
Intracellular receptors
Transcription factors |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny%20Frigo%27s%20DNA%20Exposed%21 | Johnny Frigo's DNA Exposed! is an album by jazz violinist Johnny Frigo that was released by Arbors.
Track listing
I Concentrate on You (4:53)
Poor Butterfly (4:51)
Cheek to Cheek (4:37)
What Is There to Say? (3:33)
Nobody Else But Me (6:01)
Try a Little Tenderness/Sweet Lovely (5:48)
Hair on the G-String (4:32)
I Love You (2:52)
Too Late Now/Street of Dreams (6:22)
She Loves Me (2:44)
Crystal Silence (6:51)
Tanga (4:48)
What'll I Do? (2:28)
Personnel
Johnny Frigo – violin
Bill Charlap – piano
Bucky Pizzarelli – guitar
Frank Vignola – guitar
Nicki Parrott – double bass
Joe Ascione – drums
References
2002 albums
Johnny Frigo albums
Arbors Records albums
Swing albums |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20receptor%204A1 | The nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1 for "nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1") also known as Nur77, TR3, and NGFI-B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR4A1 gene.
Nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1) is a member of the NR4A nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors. NR4A1 is involved in cell cycle mediation, inflammation and apoptosis.
Nuclear receptor 4A1 plays a key role in mediating inflammatory responses in macrophages. In addition, subcellular localization of the NR4A1 protein appears to play a key role in the survival and death of cells.
Expression is inducible by phytohemagglutinin in human lymphocytes and by serum stimulation of arrested fibroblasts. Translocation of the protein from the nucleus to mitochondria induces apoptosis. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified.
Structure
The NR4A1 gene contains seven exons. An amino terminal transactivation domain is encoded in exon 2, a DNA-binding domain in exons 3 and 4, and dimerisation and a ligand-binding domain is exons 5 to 7.
The protein has an atypical ligand-binding domain that is unlike the classical ligand-binding domain in most nuclear receptors. The classical domain contains a ligand-receiving pocket and co-activator site, both of which are lacking in the NR4A family. Whereas most nuclear receptors have a hydrophobic surface that results in a cleft, NR4A1 has a hydrophilic surface.
Cofactors interact with Nuclear receptor |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/THIG | THIG may refer to:
Sharkula, a Chicago rapper
Thiazole synthase, an enzyme |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20receptor%204A2 | The nuclear receptor 4A2 (NR4A2) (nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2) also known as nuclear receptor related 1 protein (NURR1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR4A2 gene. NR4A2 is a member of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors.
NR4A2 plays a key role in the maintenance of the dopaminergic system of the brain. Mutations in this gene have been associated with disorders related to dopaminergic dysfunction, including Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. Misregulation of this gene may be associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Four transcript variants encoding four distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. Additional alternate splice variants may exist, but their full-length nature has not been determined.
This protein is thought to be critical to development of the dopamine phenotype in the midbrain, as mice without NR4A2 are lacking expression of this phenotype. This is further confirmed by studies showing that when forcing NR4A2 expression in naïve precursor cells, there is complete dopamine phenotype gene expression.
While NR4A2 is a key protein, there are other factors required as research shows that solely expressing NR4A2 fails to stimulate this phenotypic gene expression. One of these suggested factors is winged-helix transcription factor 2 (Foxa2). Studies have found these two factors to be within the same region of developing dopaminergic neurons, both of these factors were present in order to have |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20receptor%204A3 | The nuclear receptor 4A3 (NR4A3) (nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 3) also known as neuron-derived orphan receptor 1 (NOR1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR4A3 gene. NR4A3 is a member of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors.
NR4A3 plays a central regulatory role in cell proliferation, differentiation, mitochondrial respiration, metabolism and apoptosis
Interactions
NR4A3 has been shown to interact with SIX3.
See also
NUR nuclear receptor family
References
Further reading
External links
Intracellular receptors
Transcription factors |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seth%20Eugene%20Meek | Seth Eugene Meek (April 1, 1859, Hicksville, Ohio – July 6, 1914, Chicago) was an American ichthyologist at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago. He was the first compiler of a book on Mexican freshwater fishes. Together with his assistant, Samuel F. Hildebrand, he produced the first book on the freshwater fishes of Panama.
He often collaborated with Charles H. Gilbert, and in 1884 on a collecting trip through the Ozarks, they discovered a new species, Etheostoma nianguae, which only lives in the Osage River basin. Also with them on that excursion was David Starr Jordan, considered the father of modern ichthyology.
After the Ozarks trip, Meek accepted the post of professor of biology and geology at Arkansas Industrial University (now the University of Arkansas).
Tribute
The American halfbeak was named in his honor Hyporhamphus meeki, as were the Mezquital pupfish (Cyprinodon meeki) and the firemouth cichlid (Thorichthys meeki).
See also
Biological Survey of Panama (1910 to 1912)
:Category:Taxa named by Seth Eugene Meek
References
Further reading
1859 births
1914 deaths
American ichthyologists
People associated with the Field Museum of Natural History
People from Hicksville, Ohio
University of Arkansas faculty |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/42nd%20Karlovy%20Vary%20International%20Film%20Festival | The 42nd Karlovy Vary International Film Festival from June 29th to July 7th 2007. The Crystal Globe was won by Jar City, an Icelandic police detective film directed by Baltasar Kormákur. The second prize, the Special Jury Prize was won by Lucky Miles, an Australian drama directed by Michael James Rowland. Bård Breien was named Best Director. The Best Actress title went to Elvira Mínguez, and Best Actor to Sergey Puskepalis.
Juries
The following people formed the juries of the festival:
Main competition
Peter Bart, Grand Jury President (USA)
Karl Baumgartner (Germany)
Jean-Luc Bideau (Switzerland, France)
Nandita Das (India)
Daniele Gaglianone (Italy)
Arsinée Khanjian (Canada)
David Ondříček (Czech Republic)
Documentaries
Dimitri Eipides, Chairman (Greece)
Anna Buccheti (Italy)
Anchalee Chaiworaporn (Thailand)
Manuel Grosso Galván (Spain)
Marko Škop (Slovak Republic)
East of the West
Stefan Laudyn, Chairman (Poland)
Andreas Horvath (Austria)
Marta Nováková (Czech Republic)
Alissa Simon (USA)
Ivan Shvedoff (Russia)
Official selection awards
The following feature films and people received the official selection awards:
Crystal Globe (Grand Prix) - Jar City (Mýrin) by Baltasar Kormákur (Iceland, Germany)
Special Jury Prize - Lucky Miles by Michael James Rowland (Australia)
Best Director Award - Bård Breien for The Art of Negative Thinking (Kunsten å tenke negativt) (Norway)
Best Actress Award - Elvira Mínguez for Pudor (Spain)
Best Actor Award - Sergey Puskepal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Unfairground | The Unfairground is a 2007 album by Kevin Ayers, recorded with members of Ladybug Transistor, Teenage Fanclub, Neutral Milk Hotel, Gorky's Zygotic Mynci and Roxy Music. It was his sixteenth studio LP and his first new set of recordings in fifteen years, as well as the last album released before his death in 2013. It was recorded in New York City; Tucson, Arizona; London; and Glasgow. It debuted at No. 14 in the UK Indie Album chart.
The Unfairground deals with themes of love, loss and the passing of time, and it has received strong critical endorsements for its author's ruminations on his tumultuous life. Ayers stated in a 2007 Sunday Times interview that it is "very much a reflective album: lost love, lost feelings, lost sensibilities. I had to include some of my blood, sweat and tears – if you are going to be honest, it can't be avoided."
Track listing
Personnel
Musicians
Kevin Ayers – guitar, vocals
Gary Olson – trumpet, producer
San Fadyl – drums
Jeff Baron – guitar
Norman Blake – guitar, backing vocals
Francis MacDonald – drums
Julian Koster – singing saw
Candie Payne – backing vocals
Euros Childs – backing vocals
Bill Wells – bass
Joe McGinty – keyboards
Phil Manzanera – guitar
Robbie McIntosh – guitar
Hugh Hopper – bass
Daisy Martey – backing vocals
Tucson Philharmonia – strings
Bridget St. John – vocals
Dave McGowan – pedal steel
Heather McIntosh – bass, cello
Kellie Sutherland – brass
Tara Shackell – brass
Isobel Knowles – brass
Gus Frankli |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best%20Always | Best Always is the nineteenth studio album released by American country artist Crystal Gayle. The album was released in 1993 on Branson Entertainment and was co-produced by Gayle as well. The album was her first to be released on an independent label and contained cover versions of songs recorded by others.
Background
During the early 1990s, Crystal Gayle had been recording for the major labels Capitol and Liberty Records. After 1992, she departed from these labels and began recording for smaller labels. The first independent label she recorded under was Branson Entertainment, which Best Always was released through. The album contained cover versions of songs Gayle had previously recorded. Examples of this included Gayle's former hits from 1970s and 80s, "When I Dream" and "Ready for the Times to Get Better". Best Always also featured cover versions of songs Gayle had not yet recorded. Among these were "Crazy" by Patsy Cline and Irving Berlin's "Always".
Critical reception and release
The album received 2 out of 5 stars from Allmusic.
Best Always was officially released in July 1993 via Branson Entertainment. The album was released in both cassette and compact disc versions. In later editions, the album was released via Southpaw Music Productions.
Track listing
Personnel
All credits are adapted from Allmusic.
Musicians
Crystal Gayle – lead vocals, backing vocals
Charles Cochran – acoustic piano, keyboards
Dean Slocum – acoustic piano, keyboards
Chris Leuzinger – a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroidogenic%20factor%201 | The steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) protein is a transcription factor involved in sex determination by controlling the activity of genes related to the reproductive glands or gonads and adrenal glands. This protein is encoded by the NR5A1 gene, a member of the nuclear receptor subfamily, located on the long arm of chromosome 9 at position 33.3. It was originally identified as a regulator of genes encoding cytochrome P450 steroid hydroxylases, however, further roles in endocrine function have since been discovered.
Structure
The NR5A1 gene encodes a 461-amino acid protein that shares several conserved domains consistent with members of the nuclear receptor subfamily. The N-terminal domain includes two zinc fingers and is responsible for DNA binding via specific recognition of target sequences. Variations of AGGTCA DNA motifs allows SF-1 to interact with the major groove of the DNA helix and monomerically bind. Following binding, trans-activation of target genes depends on recruitment of co-activators such as SRC-1, GRIP1, PNRC, or GCN5. Other critical domains of SF-1 include a proline-rich hinge region, ligand-binding domain, and a C-terminal activation domain for transcriptional interactions. A 30-amino acid extension of the DNA-binding domain known as the A-box stabilizes monomeric binding by acting as a DNA anchor. The hinge region can undergo post-transcriptional and translational modifications such as phosphorylation by cAMP-dependent kinase, that further enhance stabili |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1947%20Belgian%20Grand%20Prix | The 1947 Belgian Grand Prix was a Grand Prix motor race held at Spa-Francorchamps on 29 June 1947. The race was also known as the European Grand Prix.
Classification
Belgian Grand Prix
Belgian Grand Prix
Grand Prix
European Grand Prix |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver%20receptor%20homolog-1 | The liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1) also known as totipotency pioneer factor NR5A2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 5, group A, member 2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR5A2 gene. LRH-1 is a member of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors.
LRH-1 plays a critical role in the regulation of development, cholesterol transport, bile acid homeostasis and steroidogenesis.
LRH-1 is important for maintaining pluripotence of stem cells during embryonic development.
Interactions
Liver receptor homolog-1 has been shown to interact with the small heterodimer partner.
References
Further reading
External links
5 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haimanti | Haimanti, () is an Indian female given name. It is the feminine derivative of Hemanta, one of the six Indian ecological seasons—Ritu—in northern half of Indian subcontinent, which runs in early winter approximately from November to December. The male version of the name is Hemant.
People named Haimanti include:
Haimanti Rakshit Das, Bangladeshi singer
Haimanti Sukla, Indian singer
Indian feminine given names
Feminine given names |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer%20DNA%20binary%20system | A transfer DNA (T-DNA) binary system is a pair of plasmids consisting of a T-DNA binary vector and a vir helper plasmid. The two plasmids are used together (thus binary) to produce genetically modified plants. They are artificial vectors that have been derived from the naturally occurring Ti plasmid found in bacterial species of the genus Agrobacterium, such as A. tumefaciens. The binary vector is a shuttle vector, so-called because it is able to replicate in multiple hosts (e.g. Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium).
Systems in which T-DNA and vir genes are located on separate replicons are called T-DNA binary systems. T-DNA is located on the binary vector (the non-T-DNA region of this vector containing origin(s) of replication that could function both in E. coli and Agrobacterium, and antibiotic resistance genes used to select for the presence of the binary vector in bacteria, became known as vector backbone sequences). The replicon containing the vir genes became known as the vir helper plasmid. The vir helper plasmid is considered disarmed if it does not contain oncogenes that could be transferred to a plant.
Binary system components
T-DNA binary vector
There are several binary vectors that replicate in Agrobacterium and can be used for delivery of T-DNA from Agrobacterium into plant cells. The T-DNA portion of the binary vector is flanked by left and right border sequences and may include a transgene as well as a plant selectable marker. Outside of the T-DNA, the binar |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanaka%20equation | In mathematics, Tanaka's equation is an example of a stochastic differential equation which admits a weak solution but has no strong solution. It is named after the Japanese mathematician Hiroshi Tanaka (Tanaka Hiroshi).
Tanaka's equation is the one-dimensional stochastic differential equation
driven by canonical Brownian motion B, with initial condition X0 = 0, where sgn denotes the sign function
(Note the unconventional value for sgn(0).) The signum function does not satisfy the Lipschitz continuity condition required for the usual theorems guaranteeing existence and uniqueness of strong solutions. The Tanaka equation has no strong solution, i.e. one for which the version B of Brownian motion is given in advance and the solution X is adapted to the filtration generated by B and the initial conditions. However, the Tanaka equation does have a weak solution, one for which the process X and version of Brownian motion are both specified as part of the solution, rather than the Brownian motion being given a priori. In this case, simply choose X to be any Brownian motion and define by
i.e.
Hence,
and so X is a weak solution of the Tanaka equation. Furthermore, this solution is weakly unique, i.e. any other weak solution must have the same law.
Another counterexample of this type is Tsirelson's stochastic differential equation.
References
(Example 5.3.2)
Stochastic differential equations |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone-modifying%20enzymes | Histone-modifying enzymes are enzymes involved in the modification of histone substrates after protein translation and affect cellular processes including gene expression. To safely store the eukaryotic genome, DNA is wrapped around four core histone proteins (H3, H4, H2A, H2B), which then join to form nucleosomes. These nucleosomes further fold together into highly condensed chromatin, which renders the organism's genetic material far less accessible to the factors required for gene transcription, DNA replication, recombination and repair. Subsequently, eukaryotic organisms have developed intricate mechanisms to overcome this repressive barrier imposed by the chromatin through histone modification, a type of post-translational modification which typically involves covalently attaching certain groups to histone residues. Once added to the histone, these groups (directly or indirectly) elicit either a loose and open histone conformation, euchromatin, or a tight and closed histone conformation, heterochromatin. Euchromatin marks active transcription and gene expression, as the light packing of histones in this way allows entry for proteins involved in the transcription process. As such, the tightly packed heterochromatin marks the absence of current gene expression.
While there exist several distinct post-translational modifications for histones, the four most common histone modifications include acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Histone-modifying e |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PGreen | The pGreen plasmids are vectors for plant transformation. They were first described in 2000 as components of a novel T-DNA binary system. The supporting web page provides supplementary information and ongoing support to researchers to request their plasmid resources. As these plasmids have been taken up by the research community, the plasmids have been developed, expanding the resources available to the community.
Researchers are encouraged to contribute to this research community by submitting their vector sequence to genbank and providing a description of the plasmid on the site.
pGreenI and pGreenII
pGreen is the original pGreen plasmid. pGreenII features plasmid backbone modification to improve plasmid stability.
T-DNA regions
No transformation selection
pGreenII 0000: minimal T-DNA with Left and Right border, lacZ gene for blue/white selection during cloning multiple cloning site derived from pBluescript.
pGreenII 62-SK: derived from pGreenII 0000, the LacZ blue/white cloning selection has been replaced with a 35S-MCS-CaMV cassette that allows the insertion of a gene of interest into a 35S over-expression cassette. The multiple cloning site (MCS) is derived from pBluescript.
Kanamycin selection
pGreenII 0029: derived from pGreenII 0000, a nos-kan cassette has been inserted into the HpaI site of the Left Border, providing resistance to kanamycin during plant transformation selection.
pGreenII 0029 62-SK: derived from pGreenII 0029, the LacZ blue/white cloning sele |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naptumomab%20estafenatox | Naptumomab estafenatox (ABR-217620) is a drug being developed for the treatment of various types of cancer like non-small cell lung carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma.
Mechanism of action
Chemically, it is a fusion protein consisting of the antigen-binding fragment (Fab) of a monoclonal antibody with the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA/E-120, "estafenatox"). The Fab binds to 5T4, an antigen expressed by various tumor cells, and the superantigen induces an immune response by activating T lymphocytes.
See also
Nacolomab tafenatox, a drug with a similar chemical structure and mechanism
References
Monoclonal antibodies for tumors
Antibody-drug conjugates |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%C3%B4%20diffusion | In mathematics – specifically, in stochastic analysis – an Itô diffusion is a solution to a specific type of stochastic differential equation. That equation is similar to the Langevin equation used in physics to describe the Brownian motion of a particle subjected to a potential in a viscous fluid. Itô diffusions are named after the Japanese mathematician Kiyosi Itô.
Overview
A (time-homogeneous) Itô diffusion in n-dimensional Euclidean space Rn is a process X : [0, +∞) × Ω → Rn defined on a probability space (Ω, Σ, P) and satisfying a stochastic differential equation of the form
where B is an m-dimensional Brownian motion and b : Rn → Rn and σ : Rn → Rn×m satisfy the usual Lipschitz continuity condition
for some constant C and all x, y ∈ Rn; this condition ensures the existence of a unique strong solution X to the stochastic differential equation given above. The vector field b is known as the drift coefficient of X; the matrix field σ is known as the diffusion coefficient of X. It is important to note that b and σ do not depend upon time; if they were to depend upon time, X would be referred to only as an Itô process, not a diffusion. Itô diffusions have a number of nice properties, which include
sample and Feller continuity;
the Markov property;
the strong Markov property;
the existence of an infinitesimal generator;
the existence of a characteristic operator;
Dynkin's formula.
In particular, an Itô diffusion is a continuous, strongly Markovian process such th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic%20measure | In mathematics, especially potential theory, harmonic measure is a concept related to the theory of harmonic functions that arises from the solution of the classical Dirichlet problem. In probability theory, the harmonic measure of a subset of the boundary of a bounded domain in Euclidean space , is the probability that a Brownian motion started inside a domain hits that subset of the boundary. More generally, harmonic measure of an Itō diffusion X describes the distribution of X as it hits the boundary of D. In the complex plane, harmonic measure can be used to estimate the modulus of an analytic function inside a domain D given bounds on the modulus on the boundary of the domain; a special case of this principle is Hadamard's three-circle theorem. On simply connected planar domains, there is a close connection between harmonic measure and the theory of conformal maps.
The term harmonic measure was introduced by Rolf Nevanlinna in 1928 for planar domains, although Nevanlinna notes the idea appeared implicitly in earlier work by Johansson, F. Riesz, M. Riesz, Carleman, Ostrowski and Julia (original order cited). The connection between harmonic measure and Brownian motion was first identified by Kakutani ten years later in 1944.
Definition
Let D be a bounded, open domain in n-dimensional Euclidean space Rn, n ≥ 2, and let ∂D denote the boundary of D. Any continuous function f : ∂D → R determines a unique harmonic function Hf that solves the Dirichlet problem
If a point |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Increment%20theorem | In nonstandard analysis, a field of mathematics, the increment theorem states the following: Suppose a function is differentiable at and that is infinitesimal. Then
for some infinitesimal , where
If then we may write
which implies that , or in other words that is infinitely close to , or is the standard part of .
A similar theorem exists in standard Calculus. Again assume that is differentiable, but now let be a nonzero standard real number. Then the same equation
holds with the same definition of , but instead of being infinitesimal, we have
(treating and as given so that is a function of alone).
See also
Nonstandard calculus
Elementary Calculus: An Infinitesimal Approach
Abraham Robinson
Taylor's theorem
References
Howard Jerome Keisler: Elementary Calculus: An Infinitesimal Approach. First edition 1976; 2nd edition 1986. This book is now out of print. The publisher has reverted the copyright to the author, who has made available the 2nd edition in .pdf format available for downloading at http://www.math.wisc.edu/~keisler/calc.html
Theorems in calculus
Nonstandard analysis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ%20cell%20nuclear%20factor | The germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF), also known as RTR (retinoid receptor-related testis-associated receptor) or NR6A1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 6, group A, member 1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR6A1 gene. GCNF is a member of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors .
In adults, GCNH is expressed mainly in the germ cells of gonads and is involved in the regulation of embryogenesis and germ cell differentiation.
Its expression pattern suggests that it may be involved in neurogenesis and germ cell development. The protein can homodimerize and bind DNA, but in vivo targets have not been identified. The gene expresses three alternatively spliced transcript variants.
In cells undergoing homologous recombination during meiosis, DNA intermediates are processed as an essential step in the exchange of information between parental homologous chromosomes. In eukaryotes the RTR complex, which consists of a type IA topoisomerase, a RecQ helicase and the structural protein RMI1, is employed in processing DNA recombination intermediates.
References
Further reading
External links
Intracellular receptors
Transcription factors |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20heterodimer%20partner | The small heterodimer partner (SHP) also known as NR0B2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR0B2 gene. SHP is a member of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors. SHP is unusual for a nuclear receptor in that it lacks a DNA binding domain. Therefore, it is technically neither a transcription factor nor nuclear receptor but nevertheless it is still classified as such due to relatively high sequence homology with other nuclear receptor family members.
Function
The principal role of SHP appears to be repression of other nuclear receptors through association to produce a non-productive heterodimer. The protein has also been identified as a mediating factor in the metabolic circadian clock Research shows that it interacts with retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors, inhibiting their ligand-dependent transcriptional activation. In addition, interaction with estrogen receptors has been demonstrated, leading to inhibition of function. Studies suggest that the protein represses nuclear hormone receptor-mediated transactivation via two separate steps: competition with coactivators and the direct effects of its transcriptional repressor function.
Structure and ligands
A crystal structure of the LBD-only SHP, generated by co-crystallisation with EID1, has been obtained. Instead binding to the usual AF-2 site, EID1 fills in the place of what is usually helix α1 of an LBD and makes SHP more sol |
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