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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPEB | CPEB, or cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein, is a highly conserved RNA-binding protein that promotes the elongation of the polyadenine tail of messenger RNA. CPEB most commonly activates the target RNA for translation, but can also act as a repressor, dependent on its phosphorylation state. In animals, CPEB is expressed in several alternative splicing isoforms that are specific to particular tissues and functions, including the self-cleaving Mammalian CPEB3 ribozyme. CPEB was first identified in Xenopus oocytes and associated with meiosis; a role has also been identified in the spermatogenesis of Caenorhabditis elegans.
CPEB is involved in closed-loop regulation of mRNAs that keeps them inactive. The closed-loop structure between the 3'UTR and 5'UTR inhibits translation. This has been observed in Xenopus laevis in which eIF4E bound to the 5' cap interacts with Maskin bound to CPEB on the 3' UTR creating translationally inactive transcripts. This translational inhibition is lifted once CPEB is phosphorylated, displacing the Maskin binding site, allowing for the polymerization of the PolyA tail, which can recruit the translational machinery by means of PABP. However, it is important to note that this mechanism has been under great scrutiny.
Role in memory
Drosophila Orb2 binds to genes implicated in long-term memory. An isoform of CPEB found in the neurons of the sea slug Aplysia californica, as well as in Drosophila, mice, and humans, contains an N-terminal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytoplasmic%20polyadenylation%20element | The cytoplasmic polyadenylation element (CPE) is a sequence element found in the 3' untranslated region of messenger RNA. While several sequence elements are known to regulate cytoplasmic polyadenylation, CPE is the best characterized. The most common CPE sequence is UUUUAU, though there are other variations. Binding of CPE binding protein (CPEB) to this region promotes the extension of the existing polyadenine tail and, in general, activation of the mRNA for protein translation. This elongation occurs after the mRNA has been exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. A longer poly(A) tail attracts more cytoplasmic polyadenine binding proteins (PABPs) which interact with several other cytoplasmic proteins that encourage the mRNA and the ribosome to associate. The lengthening of the poly(A) tail thus has a role in increasing translational efficiency of the mRNA. The polyadenine tails are extended from approximately 40 bases to 150 bases.
Cytoplasmic polyadenylation should be distinguished from nuclear polyadenylation; cytoplasmic polyadenylation occurs in the cytoplasm in specific mRNAs as opposed to occurring in the nucleus and affecting almost all eukaryotic mRNAs. Among other functions, a prominent role for the CPE has been identified in oogenesis, spermatogenesis, mitosis, and the growth of new synapses The role of the CPE was first characterized in Xenopus oocytes and embryos but recent research has identified roles for the CPE in somatic cells. Some proto-oncogene mRNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roscoelite | Roscoelite is a green mineral from the mica group that contains vanadium.
The chemical formula is K(V3+, Al, Mg)2AlSi3O10(OH)2.
Crystals of roscoelite take on the monoclinic form, and are from the 2/m point group.
The appearance is semi transparent to translucent coloured olive brown to green brown. The lustre is pearly. The mineral shows pleochroism with X showing green-brown, and Y and Z axes showing olive-green colour. The mineral was named after Henry Enfield Roscoe who first produced vanadium metal.
Chemical properties
Roscoelite is a muscovite with aluminium substituted with vanadium. Vanadium can also be substituted by magnesium, iron, or manganese.
Physical properties
It is soft and the density is 2.93±0.01. The unit cell has dimensions
a = 526 pm
b = 909 pm
c = 1025 pm,
with an angle between axes of β=101.0°. The tetrahedral cation-oxygen atom distance is 164.1 pm, The distance from the cation to the oxygen in the octahedral plan is 202 pm.
Formation
Two kinds of mineral deposits contain roscoelite, either gold-silver-tellurium low temperature epithermal deposits where it occurs along with quartz, fluorite, pyrite and carbonates, or oxidized low temperature uranium-vanadium ores in sedimentary rocks, where it occurs with corvusite, hewettite, carnotite and tyuyamunite. Roecoelite is considered a gangue mineral of no value when found with gold. However it has also been used as a vanadium ore.
In the Mt. Kare mine in New Guinea the mineral occurs with g |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimality | Optimality may refer to:
Mathematical optimization
Optimality Theory in linguistics
optimality model, approach in biology
See also
Optimism (disambiguation)
Optimist (disambiguation)
Optimistic (disambiguation)
Optimization (disambiguation)
Optimum (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferroelasticity | Ferroelasticity is a phenomenon in which a material may exhibit a spontaneous strain. Usually, a crystal has two or more stable orientational states in the absence of mechanical stress or electric field, i.e. remanent states, and can be reproducibly switched between states by the application of mechanical stress. In ferroics, ferroelasticity is the mechanical equivalent of ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism. When stress is applied to a ferroelastic material, a phase change will occur in the material from one phase to an equally stable phase, either of different crystal structure (e.g. cubic to tetragonal), or of different orientation (a 'twin' phase). This stress-induced phase change results in a spontaneous strain in the material.
The shape memory effect and superelasticity are manifestations of ferroelasticity. Nitinol (nickel titanium), a common ferroelastic alloy, can display either superelasticity or the shape-memory effect at room temperature, depending on the nickel-to-titanium ratio.
See also
Ferroics
Multiferroic
Flexoelectricity
Further reading
Materials science
Hysteresis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamada%27s%20equation | In corporate finance, Hamada’s equation is an equation used as a way to separate the financial risk of a levered firm from its business risk. The equation combines the Modigliani–Miller theorem with the capital asset pricing model. It is used to help determine the levered beta and, through this, the optimal capital structure of firms. It was named after Robert Hamada, the Professor of Finance behind the theory.
Hamada’s equation relates the beta of a levered firm (a firm financed by both debt and equity) to that of its unlevered (i.e., a firm which has no debt) counterpart. It has proved useful in several areas of finance, including capital structuring, portfolio management and risk management, to name just a few. This formula is commonly taught in MBA Corporate Finance and Valuation classes. It is used to determine the cost of capital of a levered firm based on the cost of capital of comparable firms. Here, the comparable firms would be the ones having similar business risk and, thus, similar unlevered betas as the firm of interest.
Equation
The equation is
where βL and βU are the levered and unlevered betas, respectively, T the tax rate and the leverage, defined here as the ratio of debt, D, to equity, E, of the firm.
The importance of Hamada's equation is that it separates the risk of the business, reflected here by the beta of an unlevered firm, βU, from that of its levered counterpart, βL, which contains the financial risk of leverage. Apart from the effect of the t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core%20enzyme | A core enzyme consists of the subunits of an enzyme that are needed for catalytic activity, as in the core enzyme RNA polymerase.
An example of a core enzyme is a RNA polymerase enzyme without the sigma factor (σ). This enzyme consists of only two alpha (2α), one beta (β), one beta prime (β') and one omega (ω). This is just one example of a core enzyme. DNA Pol I can also be characterized as having core and holoenzyme segments, where the 5'exonuclease can be removed without destroying enzyme functionality.
References
Enzymes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interclass%20correlation | In statistics, the interclass correlation (or interclass correlation coefficient) is a measure of a relation between two variables of different classes (types), such as the weights of 10-year-old sons and of their 40-year-old fathers. Deviations of a variable are measured from the mean of the data for that class – a son's weight minus the mean of all the sons' weights, or a father's weight minus the mean of all the fathers' weights.
The Pearson correlation coefficient is the most commonly used measure of interclass correlation.
The interclass correlation contrasts with the intraclass correlation between variables of the same class, such as the weights of women and of their identical twins; here deviations are measured from the mean of all members of the single class, in this example of all women in the set of identical twins.
References
There are several errors in the article:
Covariance and correlation
Inter-rater reliability |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20of%20Biomolecular%20NMR | The Journal of Biomolecular NMR publishes research on technical developments and innovative applications of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the study of structure and dynamic properties of biopolymers in solution, liquid crystals, solids and mixed environments. Some of the main topics include experimental and computational approaches for the determination of three-dimensional structures of proteins and nucleic acids, advancements in the automated analysis of NMR spectra, and new methods to probe and interpret molecular motions.
The journal was founded in 1991 by Kurt Wüthrich, who later received a Nobel prize in Chemistry in 2002 for his seminal contributions to the field of NMR. Now, the current editor-in-chief is Gerhard Wagner (Harvard Medical School).
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 2.835.
Associate Editors
Accompanying Gerhard Wagner (editor-in-chief), the Associate Editors of the Journal of Biomolecular NMR are:
Ad Bax (NIH, USA)
Martin Billeter (Göteborg University, Sweden)
Lewis E. Kay (University of Toronto, Canada)
Rob Kaptein (Utrecht University, The Netherlands)
Gottfried Otting (Australian National University, Australia)
Arthur G. Palmer (Columbia University, USA)
Tatyana Polenova (University of Delaware, USA), and
Bernd Reif (TU Munich, Germany)
Most cited articles
According to the Web of Science, as of August 2018, there are seven Journal of Biomolecular NMR articles with over 1,500 c |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic%20stock%20center | Genetic stock centers are collections of pure genetic stock available for use in research. They are often housed at research universities, and include everything from single cell life to plants, fish, and small mammals such as mice and rats. Genetic Stock Centers often charge for research stock on a two tier scale, with non profit researchers getting stock at a lower cost than commercial researchers. Dr Myron Gordon, for example, established the Xiphophorus genetic stock center in 1939 to raise pure strains when he realized that certain Xiphophorus hybrids would be useful in cancer research. He understood that his research could not be duplicated by other scientists without pure genetic stock to use as a base. The strains that Dr Gordon started remain pure and are used to this day.
External links
MGSC web site
Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center
Yale CGSC
USC collection of field mice
Biobanks |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolmetin | Tolmetin () is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the heterocyclic acetic acid derivative class.
Tolmetin was originally approved by the US FDA in 1976, but may no longer be readily available in the US, generics may be available. It is available internationally.
It is used primarily to reduce hormones that cause pain, swelling, tenderness, and stiffness in conditions such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, including juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. In the United States it was marketed as Tolectin and comes as a tablet or capsule.
Clinical usage
Tolmetin is applicable in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthrosis, pain, and ankylosing spondylitis.
Mechanism of action
Although the mechanism of action of tolmetin is unknown, research involving humans and animals has shown that tolmetin does not achieve anti-inflammatory response by stimulation of the adrenal or pituitary gland, but it has shown tolmetin restrains prostaglandin synthetase in vitro and reduces plasma levels of prostaglandin E, possibly causing the anti-inflammatory response.
When tested in rats, tolmetin prevented experimentally stimulated polyarthritis and reduced inflammation. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis tolmetin was as effective as aspirin and indometacin, although the occurrence of mild gastrointestinal adverse effects and tinnitus was lower in patients treated with tolmetin than it was with aspirin-treated patients and the occurrence of advers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV-1%20protease | HIV-1 protease (PR) is a retroviral aspartyl protease (retropepsin), an enzyme involved with peptide bond hydrolysis in retroviruses, that is essential for the life-cycle of HIV, the retrovirus that causes AIDS. HIV protease cleaves newly synthesized polyproteins (namely, Gag and Gag-Pol) at nine cleavage sites to create the mature protein components of an HIV virion, the infectious form of a virus outside of the host cell. Without effective HIV protease, HIV virions remain uninfectious.
Structure
Mature HIV protease exists as a 22 kDa homodimer, with each subunit made up of 99 amino acids. A single active site lies between the identical subunits and has the characteristic Asp-Thr-Gly (Asp25, Thr26 and Gly27) catalytic triad sequence common to aspartic proteases. As HIV-1 PR can only function as a dimer, the mature protease contains two Asp25 amino acids, one from each monomer, that act in conjunction with each other as the catalytic residues. Additionally, HIV protease has two molecular "flaps" which move a distance of up to 7 Å when the enzyme becomes associated with a substrate. This can be visualized with animations of the flaps opening and closing.
Biosynthesis
Precursor
The Gag-Pol polyprotein, which contains premature coding proteins, including HIV-1 PR. PR is located between the reverse transcriptase (which is at the C-terminus of PR) and the p6pol (which is at the N-terminus of PR) of the transframe region (TFR).
In order for this precursor to become a functio |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20A.%20Phillips | Robert A. Phillips is a Canadian scientist, with a long-term interest in cancer research, and special interests in blood cell development and in retinoblastoma, an inherited eye tumour in children. His expertise has spanned the breadth of disciplines including radiation biology, cellular and molecular biology, immunology and molecular genetics.
He has been a tireless ambassador for cancer research and cancer control throughout a career that has spanned more than 3 decades. He is a key member of a band of veteran scientists, also including John Evans, the founding dean of faculty of health sciences at McMaster University and former president of the University of Toronto and Cal Stiller, an organ transplant expert and entrepreneur, who pushed for years for the creation of the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research (OICR), an independent, not-for-profit corporation established in December 2005, and funded by the Government of Ontario through the Ministry of Research and Innovation.
He has been a member of various boards of directors, including the Canadian Cancer Society, the Canadian Network for Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics (CANVAC), the Canadian Prostate Cancer Research Foundation, and Partners in Research.
Career
Phillips received his B.A. in chemistry and zoology from Carleton College in Northfield, Minnesota, and his Ph.D. in molecular biology from Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri.
In 1965, he moved to Toronto to do postdoctoral work with James Till at th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20J.%20Kay | James J. Kay (June 18, 1954 – May 30, 2004) was an ecological scientist and policy-maker. He was a respected physicist best known for his theoretical work on complexity and thermodynamics.
Biography
James Kay held a BS in physics from McGill University and a Ph.D. in systems design engineering from the University of Waterloo. His Ph.D. thesis was entitled Self-Organization in Living Systems. Much of his work relates to integrating thermodynamics into an understanding of self-organization in biological systems. For example, when water in a pot is heated, it will spontaneously form convection currents such as Bénard_cell. This is an example where as the amount of energy available to a system increases, the system self-organizes in order to dissipate energy more efficiently. Kay has examined how similar types of self-organization can occur within living systems at the level of individual organisms and ecosystems. In other words, organisms and ecosystems evolve to use the maximum amount of energy available to them. This has been backed up by studies showing that more mature ecosystems such as old growth forests are cooler (i.e. dissipate more incoming energy) than clear cuts or bare rock that receive the same amount of energy.
Kay was an associate professor of environment and resource studies at the University of Waterloo, with cross-appointments in systems design engineering, geography, management sciences, and the School of Planning. He was also cross-posted to the Sch |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Journal%20of%20Plant%20Sciences | The International Journal of Plant Sciences covers botanical research including genetics and genomics, developmental and cell biology, biochemistry and physiology, morphology and structure, systematics, plant-microbe interactions, paleobotany, evolution, and ecology. The journal also regularly publishes important symposium proceedings. It is published by the University of Chicago Press. From 1875 to 1876 it was known as the Botanical Bulletin and from 1876 to 1991 as the Botanical Gazette. The first issue titled The International Journal of Plants Sciences was dated March 1992 (volume 53, number 1). For the years 1992 and 1993, the journal was published quarterly.
The journal was founded by brothers John Merle Coulter and Stanley Coulter. John brought the journal to the University of Chicago when he started the Department of Botany.
References
External links
International Journal of Plant Sciences at SCImago Journal Rank
Botanical Gazette / International Journal of Plant Sciences at HathiTrust Digital Library
Botanical Gazette / International Journal of Plant Sciences at Botanical Scientific Journals
Botany journals
University of Chicago Press academic journals
Academic journals established in 1875
English-language journals
9 times per year journals |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20cut | Smart cut is a technological process that enables the transfer of very fine layers of crystalline silicon material onto a mechanical support. It was invented by Michel Bruel of CEA-Leti, and was protected by US patent 5374564. The application of this technological procedure is mainly in the production of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer substrates.
The role of SOI is to electronically insulate a fine layer of monocrystalline silicon from the rest of the silicon wafer; an ultra-thin silicon film is transferred to a mechanical support, thereby introducing an intermediate, insulating layer. Semiconductor manufacturers can then fabricate integrated circuits on the top layer of the SOI wafers using the same processes they would use on plain silicon wafers.
The sequence of illustrations pictorially describes the process involved in fabricating SOI wafers using the smart cut technology.
References
See also
Silicon on insulator
Soitec
CEA-Leti
Microtechnology
Materials science
Semiconductor device fabrication
Semiconductor technology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHD7 | Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 7 is an ATP-dependent 'chromatin' or 'nucleosome' remodeling factor that in humans is encoded by the CHD7 gene.
CHD7 is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler homologous to the Drosophila trithorax-group protein Kismet. Mutations in CHD7 are associated with CHARGE syndrome. This protein belongs to a larger group of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes, the CHD subfamily.
Model organisms
Model organisms have been used in the study of CHD7 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called Chd7tm2a(EUCOMM)Wtsi was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program — a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists.
Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. Twenty four tests were carried out on mutant mice and five significant abnormalities were observed. No homozygous mutant embryos were identified during gestation, and therefore none survived until weaning. The remaining tests were carried out on heterozygous mutant adult mice. Male heterozygotes displayed abnormal pelvic elevation in a modified SHIRPA test and have a high incidence of Bergmeister's papilla in both eyes. When the brains of heterozygous animals were studied, an absence of corpus callosum was observed.
Clinical
Mutations in this gene have been associated with the CHARGE syndrome.
References
Further readin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pots%20and%20Pans%20%28film%29 | Pots and Pans is the 10th Van Beuren Tom and Jerry cartoon, released on May 14, 1932 with a running time of 6:12 minutes. The cartoon's soundtrack is done by Gene Rodemich.
Plot
Tom and Jerry are the owners of a diner car where they perform their duties in time to the music - and the food can't resist dancing while being prepared. Eventually a quartet of customers join in and the resulting energy of the music sends the new shoes rolling onto an active track where it hits a real train engine head-on and coming in the opposite direction...
Notes
Tom and Jerry (Van Beuren)
1932 films
American animated short films
1932 animated films
American black-and-white films
RKO Pictures short films
RKO Pictures animated short films
1930s American films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genevieve%20Springston%20Lynch | Genevieve Springston Lynch (1891–1960), also known as Gene Lynch, was an American painter and art teacher who taught and worked in Hawaii.
Background
Genevieve Springston was born in Forest Grove, Oregon on September 20, 1891. She studied art at the Pratt Institute in New York and at an art school in Chicago. She taught art at Punahou School, a private school in Honolulu, both before and following her marriage to L. L. Lynch, an executive with Lewers & Cooke, Ltd.
Career
Lynch was invited to have a solo show in Paris in 1935. Because of prejudice against female artists, she shortened her professional name and signature to "Gene Lynch". She exhibited in the 1939 Society of Independent Artists show. When Genevieve and her husband retired, they moved to Palo Alto, California, where she continued to paint until her death in 1960.
She is considered to be one of the notable artists of Hawaii that created "distinctly Hawaiian" art, while also using western approaches or materials. Genevieve Springston Lynch is best known for her stylized paintings of exotic plants, such as Cup-and-Saucer Flowers in the collection of the Honolulu Museum of Art.
Footnotes
Further reading
American women painters
Artists from Hawaii
1891 births
1960 deaths
Painters from Oregon
20th-century American painters
20th-century American women artists |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphology-dependent%20resonance | Resonances found in certain types of optical cavity that are cylindrical, spherical, and ellipsoidal in shape. Conditions under which the resonances occur dependent on shape as well as refractive index of material within the optical cavity, and normally characterized by two integers, namely, order number and mode number.
Laser science |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%20action | Mass action may refer to:
Law of mass action, in chemistry, a postulate of reactions
Mass action law (electronics), in semiconductor electronics, a relationship between intrinsic and doped carrier concentrations
Mass action (sociology), in sociology, a term for situations in which a large number of people behave simultaneously in similar ways individually and without coordination
Mass Action Principle (neuroscience), in neuroscience, the belief that memory and learning are distributed and can't be isolated within any one area of the brain
Mass tort, or mass action, in law, which is when plaintiffs form a group to sue a defendant (for similar alleged harms) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shale%20gouge%20ratio | Shale Gouge Ratio (typically abbreviated to SGR) is a mathematical algorithm that aims to predict the fault rock types for simple fault zones developed in sedimentary sequences dominated by sandstone and shale.
The parameter is widely used in the oil and gas exploration and production industries to enable quantitative predictions to be made regarding the hydrodynamic behavior of faults.
Definition
At any point on a fault surface, the shale gouge ratio is equal to the net shale/clay content of the rocks that have slipped past that point.
The SGR algorithm assumes complete mixing of the wall-rock components in any particular 'throw interval'. The parameter is a measure of the 'upscaled' composition of the fault zone.
Application to hydrocarbon exploration
Hydrocarbon exploration involves identifying and defining accumulations of hydrocarbons that are trapped in subsurface structures. These structures are often segmented by faults. For a thorough trap evaluation, it is necessary to predict whether the fault is sealing or leaking to hydrocarbons and also to provide an estimate of how 'strong' the fault seal might be. The 'strength' of a fault seal can be quantified in terms of subsurface pressure, arising from the buoyancy forces within the hydrocarbon column, that the fault can support before it starts to leak. When acting on a fault zone this subsurface pressure is termed capillary threshold pressure.
For faults developed in sandstone and shale sequences, the first |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBX1 | Chromobox protein homolog 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CBX1 gene.
Function
The protein is localized at heterochromatin sites, where it mediates gene silencing.
Model organisms
Model organisms have been used in the study of CBX1 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called Cbx1tm1a(EUCOMM)Wtsi was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program — a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists — at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. Twenty two tests were carried out and two phenotypes were reported. No homozygous mutant animals survived until two weeks of age, therefore the remaining tests were carried out on heterozygous mutant mice. Male heterozygotes showed increased VO2, rate of elimination of carbon dioxide, and energy expenditure as determined by indirect calorimetry.
Interactions
CBX1 has been shown to interact with:
C11orf30,
CBX3 and
CBX5, and
SUV39H1.
See also
Heterochromatin protein 1
References
Further reading
External links
Transcription factors
Genes mutated in mice |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBX3 | Chromobox protein homolog 3 is a protein that is encoded by the CBX3 gene in humans.
At the nuclear envelope, the nuclear lamina and heterochromatin are adjacent to the inner nuclear membrane. The protein encoded by this gene binds DNA and is a component of heterochromatin. This protein also can bind lamin B receptor, an integral membrane protein found in the inner nuclear membrane. The dual binding functions of the encoded protein may explain the association of heterochromatin with the inner nuclear membrane. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein but differing in the 5' UTR, have been found for this gene.
Interactions
CBX3 has been shown to interact with PIM1, Ki-67, Lamin B receptor, CBX5 and CBX1.
See also
Heterochromatin protein 1
References
Further reading
External links
Transcription factors |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheie%20syndrome | Scheie syndrome is a disease caused by a deficiency in the enzyme iduronidase, leading to the buildup of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the body. It is the most mild subtype of mucopolysaccharidosis type I; the most severe subtype of this disease is called Hurler Syndrome.
Scheie syndrome is characterized by corneal clouding, facial dysmorphism, and normal lifespan. People with this condition may have aortic regurgitation.
Symptoms
The symptoms of Scheie syndrome are variable, but are milder than Hurler Syndrome. Symptoms may begin to appear by age 5, but affected children are often not diagnosed until after age 10. Patients with Scheie Syndrome may have normal intelligence, or they may have mild learning impairments or psychiatric problems. Glaucoma, retinal degeneration, and clouded corneas may cause visual impairments. Aortic valve disease may be present, along with carpal tunnel syndrome, deformed hands and feet, stiff joints, or sleep apnea. People with Scheie syndrome may live into adulthood.
Genetics
Children with Scheie Syndrome carry two defective copies of the IDUA gene, which has been mapped to the 4p16.3 site on chromosome 4. This is the gene which encodes for the protein iduronidase. All patients with subtypes of MPS I have mutations in the same gene, leading to deficiencies of the same enzyme. However, patients with Scheie Syndrome have a greater level of iduronidase activity than patients with Hurler Syndrome.
Because Scheie syndrome is an autosomal reces |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Vorl%C3%A4nder | Daniel Vorländer (11 June 1867 – 8 June 1941) was a German chemist who synthesized most of the liquid crystals known until his retirement in 1935.
Vorländer was born in Eupen in Rhenish Prussia. He studied chemistry at Kiel, Munich, and Berlin, after which he became a professor at University of Halle-Wittenberg.
Vorländer applied his knowledge of molecular structure to select those exhibiting the crystalline liquid state. In particular a linear molecular geometry was conductive. "Over the years Vorländer and his students synthesized hundreds of liquid crystalline compounds. An interesting discovery was that amongst the slimy liquid crystals were many soap and soap-like compounds." (Dunmur & Sluckin p 48)
Vorländer served as a volunteer during World War I, during which he received the Iron Cross. He died in Halle.
References
David Dunmur & Tim Sluckin (2011) Soap, Science, and Flat-screen TVs: a history of liquid crystals, pp 43–9, Oxford University Press .
External links
catalogus-professorum-halensis
1867 births
1941 deaths
People from Eupen
20th-century German chemists
Scientists from the Rhine Province
Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 2nd class
University of Kiel alumni
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni
Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
Academic staff of the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetobiology | Magnetobiology is the study of biological effects of mainly weak static and low-frequency magnetic fields, which do not cause heating of tissues. Magnetobiological effects have unique features that obviously distinguish them from thermal effects; often they are observed for alternating magnetic fields just in separate frequency and amplitude intervals. Also, they are dependent of simultaneously present static magnetic or electric fields and their polarization.
Magnetobiology is a subset of bioelectromagnetics. Bioelectromagnetism and biomagnetism are the study of the production of electromagnetic and magnetic fields by biological organisms. The sensing of magnetic fields by organisms is known as magnetoreception.
Biological effects of weak low frequency magnetic fields, less than about 0.1 millitesla (or 1 Gauss) and 100 Hz correspondingly, constitutes a physics problem. The effects look paradoxical, for the energy quantum of these electromagnetic fields is by many orders of value less than the energy scale of an elementary chemical act. On the other hand, the field intensity is not enough to cause any appreciable heating of biological tissues or irritate nerves by the induced electric currents.
Effects
An example of a magnetobiological effect is the magnetic navigation by migrant animals by means of magnetoreception.
Many animal orders, such as certain birds, marine turtles, reptiles, amphibians and salmonoid fishes are able to detect small variations of the geomagn |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyalophane | Hyalophane or jaloallofane is a crystalline mineral, part of the feldspar group of tectosilicates. It is considered a barium-rich potassium feldspar. Its chemical formula is , and it has a hardness of 6 to . The name hyalophane comes from the Greek , meaning "glass", and meaning "to appear".
An occurrence of hyalophane was discovered in 1855 in Lengenbach Quarry, Imfield, Binn valley, municipality of Binn, Canton of Valais, Switzerland. The mineral is found predominantly in Europe, with occurrences in Switzerland, Australia, Bosnia, Germany, Japan, New Jersey, and the west coast of North America. Hyalophane may be found in manganese deposits in compact metamorphic zones.
Hyalophane has a monoclinic crystallography, with cell properties a = 8.52 Å, b = 12.95 Å, c = 7.14 Å, and β = 116°. Optically, the material exhibits biaxial birefringence, with refractive index values of nα = 1.542, nβ = 1.545, and nγ = 1.547 and a maximum birefringence of δ = 0.005. It has weak dispersion and low surface relief.
Hyalophane has sometimes been used as a gemstone.
References
Tectosilicates
Barium minerals
Feldspar
Gemstones
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 12 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweet%20Gene%20Vincent | "Sweet Gene Vincent" is a song and single by Ian Dury. Taken from his first solo album New Boots and Panties!! it was his second solo single and third solo release and is a tribute to Rock 'n' Roll singer Gene Vincent. It was released November 1977 on the single BUY 23 Sweet Gene Vincent / You're More Than Fair and there was no picture sleeve released.
"Sweet Gene Vincent" remained in Ian Dury's set list for almost his entire career, even after other faster paced songs like "Plaistow Patricia" and "Blackmail Man" had been dropped because of the singer's worsening health and was played at his final concert at the London Palladium in February 2000. As of 2007, the Blockheads continue to use the song in their sets.
Ian Dury and Gene Vincent
Ian Dury was a fan of Gene Vincent since his early to mid teens and claims to have bought every single Vincent produced. In an interview reprinted in Sex And Drugs And Rock And Roll: The Life of Ian Dury, Dury says that he first heard of Vincent via "Be-Bop-A-Lula"'s inclusion in film The Girl Can't Help It and admitted to being reduced to tears by the single as an adolescent. For his whole career Dury would talk very sentimentally, sometimes poetically about Gene Vincent.
It was Vincent's death in 1971 that was a major prompt for Dury to make Kilburn and the High Roads a serious endeavour and his stage clothes of the time often reflected Vincent's influence, notably black leather gloves. He also namechecked the singer in one of his ea |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class%2015 | Class 15 may refer to:
A15-class container ship
Belgian Railways Class 15
British Rail Class 15
DR Class V 15
DRG Class 15, which was used twice by the Deutsche Reichsbahn in its classification of steam locomotives:
In 1925 for the Bavarian S 2/6 express locomotive
In 1938 following the Anschluss of Austria for the Austrian Class 10 of the Federal Railway of Austria (BBÖ)
GER Class G15
GER Class M15
I-15-class submarine
JNR Class DD15
JNR Class DE15
JNR Class ED15
LSWR D15 class
LSWR H15 class
LSWR N15 class
LSWR S15 class
M15-class monitor
NSB El 15
PKP class SM15
Rhodesia Railways 15th class
South African Class 15F 4-8-2
South African Class NG15 2-8-2
SR N15X class
See also
Type 15 (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKK2 | IKK-β also known as inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IKBKB (inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase beta) gene.
Function
IKK-β is an enzyme that serves as a protein subunit of IκB kinase, which is a component of the cytokine-activated intracellular signaling pathway involved in triggering immune responses. IKK's activity causes activation of a transcription factor known as Nuclear Transcription factor kappa-B or NF-κB. Activated IKK-β phosphorylates a protein called the inhibitor of NF-κB, IκB (IκBα), which binds NF-κB to inhibit its function. Phosphorylated IκB is degraded via the ubiquitination pathway, freeing NF-κB, and allowing its entry into the nucleus of the cell where it activates various genes involved in inflammation and other immune responses.
Clinical significance
IKK-β plays a significant role in brain cells following a stroke. If NF-κB activation by IKK-β is blocked, damaged cells within the brain stay alive, and according to a study performed by the University of Heidelberg and the University of Ulm, the cells even appear to make some recovery.
Inhibition of IKK and IKK-related kinases has been investigated as a therapeutic option for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer. The small-molecule inhibitor of IKK2 SAR113945, developed by Sanofi-Aventis, was evaluated in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Model organisms
Model organisms have been |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel%2019 | Channel 19 may refer to:
CB radio channel 19 (27.185 MHz), unofficially a commonly monitored calling frequency for highway transport operators.
Canada
The following television stations broadcast on digital or analog channel 19 (UHF frequencies covering 500-506 MHz) in Canada:
CBFT-DT in Montreal, Quebec
CICA-DT in Toronto, Ontario
CKRT-DT-6 in Trois-Pistoles, Quebec
The following television stations operate on virtual channel 19 in Canada:
CICA-DT in Toronto, Ontario
Mexico
The following television stations broadcast on digital channel 19 in Mexico:
XERV-TDT in Reynosa, Tamaulipas
XHFAS-TDT in Fronteras, Sonora
XHIMS-TDT in Ímuris, Sonora
XHZAT-TDT in Zacatecas, Zacatecas
One station operates on virtual channel 19 in Mexico:
XHUAA-TDT in Tijuana, Baja California
See also
Chanel No. 19, a perfume
Channel 19 branded TV stations in the United States
Channel 19 digital TV stations in the United States
Channel 19 low-power TV stations in the United States
Channel 19 virtual TV stations in the United States
19 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic%20music%20mobile%20application%20format | Synthetic-music mobile application format, abbreviated SMAF, is a music data format specified by Yamaha for portable electronic devices, such as cell phones and PDAs. The file extension for SMAF is .MMF and is common as ringtones for mobile phones with one of five sound chips.
SMAF resembles MIDI, but also supports graphics and PCM sound playback. Its MIDI playback is produced via FM synthesis or PCM sample-based synthesis, where instrument data (parameters and/or PCM samples) is stored within the .MMF file itself, similar to module files. This enables users to create custom instruments, which will sound exactly the same on devices with the same chip.
The feature set used in SMAF files usually orients itself at the chips produced by Yamaha for playback:
External links
Yamaha's SMAF Website
SMAF Specifications
Music notation file formats |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transplastomic%20plant | A transplastomic plant is a genetically modified plant in which genes are inactivated, modified or new foreign genes are inserted into the DNA of plastids like the chloroplast instead of nuclear DNA.
Currently, the majority of transplastomic plants are a result of chloroplast manipulation due to poor expression in other plastids. However, the technique has been successfully applied to the chromoplasts of tomatoes.
Chloroplasts in plants are thought to have originated from an engulfing event of a photosynthetic bacteria (cyanobacterial ancestor) by a eukaryote. There are many advantages to chloroplast DNA manipulation because of its bacterial origin. For example, the ability to introduce multiple genes (operons) in a single step instead of many steps and the simultaneous expression of many genes with its bacterial gene expression system. Other advantages include the ability to obtain organic products like proteins at a high concentration and the fact that production of these products will not be affected by epigenetic regulation.
The reason for product synthesis at high concentrations is because a single plant cell can potentially carry up to 100 chloroplasts. If all these plastids are transformed, all of them can express the introduced foreign genes. This is may be advantageous compared to transformation of the nucleus, because the nucleus typically contains only one or two copies of the gene.
The advantages provided by chloroplast DNA manipulation has seen growing intere |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tre%20recombinase | Tre recombinase is an experimental enzyme that in lab tests has removed DNA inserted by HIV from infected cells. Through selective mutation, Cre recombinase which recognizes loxP sites are modified to identify HIV long terminal repeats (loxLTR) instead. As a result, instead of performing Cre-Lox recombination, the new enzyme performs recombination at HIV provirus sites.
The structure of Tre in complex with loxLTR has been resolved (), allowing for analyzing the roles of individual mutations.
References
External links
Genetics
Molecular biology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction%20temperature | Junction temperature, short for transistor junction temperature, is the highest operating temperature of the actual semiconductor in an electronic device. In operation, it is higher than case temperature and the temperature of the part's exterior. The difference is equal to the amount of heat transferred from the junction to case multiplied by the junction-to-case thermal resistance.
Microscopic effects
Various physical properties of semiconductor materials are temperature dependent. These include the diffusion rate of dopant elements, carrier mobilities and the thermal production of charge carriers. At the low end, sensor diode noise can be reduced by cryogenic cooling. On the high end, the resulting increase in local power dissipation can lead to thermal runaway that may cause transient or permanent device failure.
Maximum junction temperature calculation
Maximum junction temperature (sometimes abbreviated TJMax) is specified in a part's datasheet and is used when calculating the necessary case-to-ambient thermal resistance for a given power dissipation. This in turn is used to select an appropriate heat sink if applicable. Other cooling methods include thermoelectric cooling and coolants.
In modern processors from manufacturer such as Intel, AMD, Qualcomm, the core temperature is measured by a network of sensors. Every time the temperature sensing network determines that a rise above the specified junction temperature (), is imminent, measures such as clock gating, cl |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calibrated%20probability%20assessment | Calibrated probability assessments are subjective probabilities assigned by individuals who have been trained to assess probabilities in a way that historically represents their uncertainty. For example, when a person has calibrated a situation and says they are "80% confident" in each of 100 predictions they made, they will get about 80% of them correct. Likewise, they will be right 90% of the time they say they are 90% certain, and so on.
Calibration training improves subjective probabilities because most people are either "overconfident" or "under-confident" (usually the former). By practicing with a series of trivia questions, it is possible for subjects to fine-tune their ability to assess probabilities. For example, a subject may be asked:
True or False: "A hockey puck fits in a golf hole"
Confidence: Choose the probability that best represents your chance of getting this question right...
50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
If a person has no idea whatsoever, they will say they are only 50% confident. If they are absolutely certain they are correct, they will say 100%. But most people will answer somewhere in between. If a calibrated person is asked a large number of such questions, they will get about as many correct as they expected. An uncalibrated person who is systematically overconfident may say they are 90% confident in a large number of questions where they only get 70% of them correct. On the other hand, an uncalibrated person who is systematically underconfident may |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NANOG | NANOG may refer to:
North American Network Operators' Group
Homeobox protein NANOG, a transcription factor |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Evans%20%28ice%20hockey%2C%20born%201954%29 | John Paul Evans (born May 2, 1954) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre who played three seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Philadelphia Flyers.
Career statistics
References
External links
1954 births
Canadian ice hockey centres
Chicago Cougars draft picks
Ice hockey people from Toronto
Kitchener Rangers players
Living people
Los Angeles Kings draft picks
Maine Mariners (AHL) players
Philadelphia Flyers players
Saginaw Gears players
Springfield Indians players |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetorotational%20instability | The magnetorotational instability (MRI) is a fluid instability that causes an accretion disk orbiting a massive central object to become turbulent. It arises when the angular velocity of a conducting fluid in a magnetic field decreases as the distance from the rotation center increases. It is also known as the Velikhov–Chandrasekhar instability or Balbus–Hawley instability in the literature, not to be confused with the electrothermal Velikhov instability. The MRI is of particular relevance in astrophysics where it is an important part of the dynamics in accretion disks.
Gases or liquids containing mobile electrical charges are subject to the influence of a magnetic field. In addition to hydrodynamical forces such as pressure and gravity, an element of magnetized fluid also feels the Lorentz force where is the current density and is the magnetic field vector. If the fluid is in a state of differential rotation about a fixed origin, this Lorentz force can be surprisingly disruptive, even if the magnetic field is very weak. In particular, if the angular velocity of rotation decreases with radial distance the motion is unstable: a fluid element undergoing a small displacement from circular motion experiences a destabilizing force that increases at a rate which is itself proportional to the displacement. This process is known as the Magnetorotational Instability, or "MRI".
In astrophysical settings, differentially rotating systems are very common and magnetic fields are |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LG%20CU500 | The LG CU500 is a mobile phone manufactured by LG and was released in December 2006. It was LG Group's first cell phone in the United States to include HSDPA capability, and also the first cell phone to work with Cingular's HSDPA network. The LG CU500v is a software upgrade to the LG CU500 which supports video calls.
Features
Technical Specifications:
Network: GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 / HSDPA 850 / 1900
Form Factor: Clamshell
Dimensions: 97 x 50 x 19 mm
Weight: 105 g
Antenna: Internal
Navigation: 5-Way Keypad
Battery Type: 1100 mAh Li-Ion
Talk Time: 5.00
Standby Time: 240
Memory: 16.0 MB
Expandable Memory: microSD / TransFlash
Imaging:
Main Screen: 65000 colors (TFT)
176 x 220 px
External Screen: 65000 colors (TFT)
96 x 96 px
Camera: 1.3 MP / 1280 x 960 px / Rotate / 4X Zoom / Multi-Shot / Self-Timer / Video Recorder / Video Calling
Audio:
MP3 Player: MP3 / AAC / AAC+ / WMA / MusicID / 3D Stereo Sound
FM Radio: MobiRadio
Speakerphone: Yes
Push-To-Talk: N/A
Multimedia:
Wallpapers: 176 x 220 px
Screen Savers: 176 x 220 px
Ring Tones: 72 chord / MP3
Themes: Yes
Games: Java ME
Streaming Multimedia: Cingular Video / MobiTV
Messaging:
SMS: Yes
EMS: Yes
MMS: Yes
Email: AOL / Hotmail / Yahoo!
Chat: AOL / ICQ / MSN / Yahoo!
Predictive Text: T9
Applications:
Phonebook Capacity: 500
Calendar: Yes
To-Do List: Yes
WAP:2.0
Voice Commands: N/A
Calculator: Yes
Connectivity:
Bluetooth: A2DP / DUN / HFP / HSP / OPP
Infrared Port: N/A
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diathermancy | Diathermancy (from "dia" through and "thermē" heat) is the property of some fluids that allows rays of light through them without itself being heated. A diathermanous substance is thus "permeable" by heat. Diathermancy was first described by German physicist and chemist Heinrich Gustav Magnus in the 1800s.
Air is diathermanous; therefore atmospheric air is not heated by sunshine. Atmospheric air is heated by long-wave thermal radiation emitted by soil, and especially, by water on the Earth's surface.
Water is not diathermanous, and it is heated directly by sunshine.
Atmospheric heating from oceanic waters
Atmospheric heat comes from long-wave radiation from the soil and, mostly, from the water surface (oceans, lakes, rivers), because water is a not diathermanous body and covers three quarters of Earth's surface. Diathermancy cause subsidence above damp or water surfaces. That is because these areas tend to absorb heat radiation directly from the Sun but very slowly and also emit this radiation to the atmosphere very slowly. Therefore, cold ocean currents have very clear skies, without clouds, because subsidence from cold and heavy air avoids or limits convection because they are opposite processes.
See also
Greenhouse effect
Outgoing longwave radiation
References
External links
Atmosphere of Earth |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20optimization%20software | Given a transformation between input and output values, described by a mathematical function , optimization deals with generating and selecting the best solution from some set of available alternatives, by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set, computing the output of the function and recording the best output values found during the process. Many real-world problems can be modeled in this way. For example, the inputs can be design parameters of a motor, the output can be the power consumption, or the inputs can be business choices and the output can be the obtained profit.
An optimization problem, in this case a minimization problem, can be represented in the following way
Given: a function f : A R from some set A to the real numbers
Search for: an element x0 in A such that f(x0) ≤ f(x) for all x in A.
In continuous optimization, A is some subset of the Euclidean space Rn, often specified by a set of constraints, equalities or inequalities that the members of A have to satisfy. In combinatorial optimization, A is some subset of a discrete space, like binary strings, permutations, or sets of integers.
The use of optimization software requires that the function f is defined in a suitable programming language and connected at compile or run time to the optimization software. The optimization software will deliver input values in A, the software module realizing f will deliver the computed value f(x) and, in some cases, additional information about |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haxonite | Haxonite is an iron nickel carbide mineral found in iron meteorites and carbonaceous chondrites. It has a chemical formula of , crystallises in the cubic crystal system and has a Mohs hardness of - 6.
It was first described in 1971, and named after Howard J. Axon (1924–1992), metallurgist at the University of Manchester, Manchester, England. Co-type localities are the Toluca meteorite, Xiquipilco, Mexico and the Canyon Diablo meteorite, Meteor Crater, Coconino County, Arizona, US.
It occurs associated with kamacite, taenite, schreibersite, cohenite, pentlandite and magnetite.
See also
Glossary of meteoritics
References
Carbide minerals
Iron minerals
Nickel minerals
Meteorite minerals
Cubic minerals
Native element minerals |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inoki%20Genome%20Federation | (IGF) was a Japanese professional wrestling and mixed martial arts promotion founded by Antonio Inoki in 2007.
History
Antonio Inoki left New Japan Pro-Wrestling, a promotion he founded in 1972, to start the IGF. The first IGF show was held on June 29, 2007 at the Sumo Hall in Tokyo, Japan. The show's main event was a match between Kurt Angle and Brock Lesnar.
Shinichi Suzukawa was scheduled to face Bob Sapp in an IGF special rules Heavyweight bout on December 31, 2010, at K-1 Dynamite!! 2010. The fight was to be held under MMA rules, but the fighters wouldn't be wearing gloves. Closed-fist strikes would have been allowed, but palm strikes wouldn't have been permitted. The event was to air on HDNet in North America. However, the fight was canceled due to a last-minute contract dispute, with the Japanese audience in attendance told by the promoter involved in the dispute that Sapp “had lost his will to fight.”
In 2011 the company presented a gift to Kim Jong Il, leader of North Korea as part of a diplomatic effort. In August 2014, IGF held two shows in Pyongyang, North Korea.
On December 29, 2014, IGF announced a deal with PPTV to bring its programming to Chinese audiences.
In 2017, Inoki created a new company, ISM, distancing himself from IGF. After that, his son-in-law Simon Inoki gained more influence in the company and created a new brand, "NEW". On March 23, 2018, Antonio Inoki sold his part of the promotion and left IGF. IGF closed on January 9, 2019. A new promoti |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical%20transport%20reaction | In chemistry, a chemical transport reaction describes a process for purification and crystallization of non-volatile solids. The process is also responsible for certain aspects of mineral growth from the effluent of volcanoes. The technique is distinct from chemical vapor deposition, which usually entails decomposition of molecular precursors and which gives conformal coatings.
The technique, which was popularized by Harald Schäfer, entails the reversible conversion of nonvolatile elements and chemical compounds into volatile derivatives. The volatile derivative migrates throughout a sealed reactor, typically a sealed and evacuated glass tube heated in a tube furnace. Because the tube is under a temperature gradient, the volatile derivative reverts to the parent solid and the transport agent is released at the end opposite to which it originated (see next section). The transport agent is thus catalytic. The technique requires that the two ends of the tube (which contains the sample to be crystallized) be maintained at different temperatures. So-called two-zone tube furnaces are employed for this purpose. The method derives from the Van Arkel de Boer process which was used for the purification of titanium and vanadium and uses iodine as the transport agent.
Cases of the exothermic and endothermic reactions of the transporting agent
Transport reactions are classified according to the thermodynamics of the reaction between the solid and the transporting agent. When the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VLF%20Transmitter%20Cutler | The VLF Transmitter Cutler is the United States Navy's very low frequency (VLF) shore radio station at Cutler, Maine. The station provides one-way communication to submarines of the Navy's Atlantic Fleet, both on the surface and submerged. It transmits with call sign NAA, at a frequency of 24 kHz and input power of up to 1.8 megawatts, and is one of the most powerful radio transmitters in the world.
Description
The current Cutler Naval Station was built during 1960 and became operational on January 4, 1961. It has a transmission power of 2 megawatts. As with all VLF stations, the transmitter has a very small bandwidth, and so cannot transmit audio (speech) but only coded text messages, at a relatively low data rate. The transmission consists of a continuously encrypted minimum-shift keying (MSK) signal capable of multi channel operations. The transmitter uses the frequency 24.0 kHz. During the past it used 17.8 kHz. The callsign of the station is NAA.
Antenna
The extensive antenna system consists of two separate identical specialized umbrella antenna arrays, designated the “north array” and the “south array”. Each array consists of a ring of 13 tall metal masts connected at the top by a network of horizontal cables. The cables form six diamond-shaped (rhombic) "panels" radiating from the central tower at angles of 60°, so from above the antenna has a snowflake shape. The two arrays normally operate together as one antenna, but each is designed to function independently |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/41st%20British%20Academy%20Film%20Awards | The 41st British Academy Film Awards, given by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts in 1988, honoured the best in film for 1987.
Winners and nominees
Statistics
See also
60th Academy Awards
13th César Awards
40th Directors Guild of America Awards
1st European Film Awards
45th Golden Globe Awards
8th Golden Raspberry Awards
2nd Goya Awards
3rd Independent Spirit Awards
14th Saturn Awards
40th Writers Guild of America Awards
References
041
BAFTA
1988 in British cinema
1987 awards in the United Kingdom |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami%20Rock%20Ridge | The Miami Rock Ridge is a continuous limestone outcrop which formerly encompassed a large extent of far South Florida, including portions of the Everglades ecosystem. The traditional base of the elevation ranges from northern Miami-Dade County, Florida (the approximate latitude of North Miami Beach) southward to the upper Florida Keys, and it extends southwest into Everglades National Park.
The coastal ridge was traditionally a component of the endangered pine rocklands, which grew upon the length of the ridge. The environmental community consisted of a large and continuous expanse of South Florida Slash Pines (Pinus elliottii var. densa), which was interspersed by tropical hardwood hammocks. The globally imperiled pine rockland community, which also encompassed the Florida Keys and The Bahamas, supported numerous endemic plant species; 20 percent occur nowhere else in the world. The communities of the Miami Rock Ridge are maintained by wildfires, including natural fires caused by lightning strikes; this affects the vegetation and its associated inhabitants, thus maintaining a diverse ecosystem. The substrate—often consisting of marl—and climate also affects the height of vegetation; thus a mature subtropical hammock typically does not exceed on the Miami Rock Ridge. Today the original communities have been largely removed by development, and the remaining pieces of the ecosystems are scattered into tiny fragments in extreme southeast Florida; they now encompass small fract |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jung%20Kyung-ho%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201987%29 | Jung Kyung-ho () (born 12 January 1987) is a South Korean footballer who plays for Ansan Greeners.
He was a member of South Korea U20 team at the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup.
Club career statistics
References
External links
FIFA Player Statistics
1987 births
Living people
Men's association football midfielders
South Korean men's footballers
South Korea men's under-20 international footballers
Gyeongnam FC players
Jeonnam Dragons players
Jeju United FC players
Gimcheon Sangmu FC players
Gwangju FC players
Ulsan Hyundai Mipo Dockyard FC players
Ansan Greeners FC players
K League 1 players
K League 2 players
Korea National League players
Footballers from North Gyeongsang Province |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim%20Poong-joo | Kim Poong-Joo (; born 1 October 1964) is a South Korean football coach and former player. He played as a goalkeeper for Pusan Daewoo Royals.
Career statistics
External links
1964 births
Living people
Men's association football goalkeepers
South Korean men's footballers
South Korea men's international footballers
Busan IPark players
K League 1 players
1990 FIFA World Cup players
Footballers at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Olympic footballers for South Korea
Asian Games medalists in football
Footballers at the 1990 Asian Games
Asian Games bronze medalists for South Korea
Medalists at the 1990 Asian Games |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwangbo%20Kwan | Hwangbo Kwan (; born 1 March 1965) is a South Korean football manager and former player. He is famous for his long-range goal against Spain in the 1990 FIFA World Cup.
Career statistics
International
Results list South Korea's goal tally first.
Managerial statistics
Honours
Yukong Elephants
K League 1: 1989
Korean League Cup: 1994
South Korea
AFC Asian Cup runner-up: 1988
Asian Games bronze medal: 1990
Dynasty Cup: 1990
Individual
K League Rookie of the Year: 1988
K League 1 Best XI: 1988, 1994
K League '90s All-Star Team: 2003
References
External links
1965 births
Living people
Men's association football midfielders
South Korean men's footballers
South Korean expatriate men's footballers
South Korea men's international footballers
South Korean football managers
Jeju United FC players
Oita Trinita players
K League 1 players
Japan Football League (1992–1998) players
Expatriate men's footballers in Japan
J1 League managers
J2 League managers
Oita Trinita managers
FC Seoul managers
K League 1 managers
Expatriate football managers in Japan
1988 AFC Asian Cup players
1990 FIFA World Cup players
Footballers from Daegu
South Korean expatriate sportspeople in Japan
Seoul National University alumni
Asian Games medalists in football
Footballers at the 1990 Asian Games
Yeongcheon Hwangbo clan
Asian Games bronze medalists for South Korea
Medalists at the 1990 Asian Games
South Korean expatriate football managers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannon%27s%20algorithm | In computer science, Cannon's algorithm is a distributed algorithm for matrix multiplication for two-dimensional meshes first described in 1969 by Lynn Elliot Cannon.
It is especially suitable for computers laid out in an N × N mesh. While Cannon's algorithm works well in homogeneous 2D grids, extending it to heterogeneous 2D grids has been shown to be difficult.
The main advantage of the algorithm is that its storage requirements remain constant and are independent of the number of processors.
The Scalable Universal Matrix Multiplication Algorithm (SUMMA)
is a more practical algorithm that requires less workspace and overcomes the need for a square 2D grid. It is used by the ScaLAPACK, PLAPACK, and Elemental libraries.
Algorithm overview
When multiplying two n×n matrices A and B, we need n×n processing nodes p arranged in a 2D grid. Initially pi,j is responsible for ai,j and bi,j.
// PE(i , j)
k := (i + j) mod N;
a := a[i][k];
b := b[k][j];
c[i][j] := 0;
for (l := 0; l < N; l++) {
c[i][j] := c[i][j] + a * b;
concurrently {
send a to PE(i, (j + N − 1) mod N);
send b to PE((i + N − 1) mod N, j);
} with {
receive a' from PE(i, (j + 1) mod N);
receive b' from PE((i + 1) mod N, j );
}
a := a';
b := b';
}
We need to select k in every iteration for every Processor Element (PE) so that processors don't access the same data for computing .
Therefore processors in the same row |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pstoedit | pstoedit is a free computer program that converts PostScript and PDF files to other vector formats. It supports many output formats, including WMF/EMF, PDF, DXF, CGM, and HTML, and by means of free/shareware plugins SVG, MIF and RTF. The author and maintainer is Wolfgang Glunz.
pstoedit uses ghostscript to perform the first part of the conversion process. Ghostscript converts the PostScript (or PDF) file to a more basic PostScript format, translating complex functions to basic functions, such as line draw commands. The second part of the conversion process consists of translating these basic functions into basic functions of the output format.
pstoedit is multi platform. For MS Windows, a setup program is available for both 32bit and 64bit, which does the complete job (including for instance making the connection with ghostscript and MS Office). Three interfaces can be installed: the command line interface, an interface by means of gsview and an import filter for MS Office. However, to make actual use of this MS Office interface a $50 registration is required (this registration also adds functionality to the other two interfaces).
Licensed under the GNU General Public License, pstoedit is free software.
See also
List of PDF software
References
External links
Official Website
Pstoedit Freecode Page
Free PDF software
PostScript |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small-bias%20sample%20space | In theoretical computer science, a small-bias sample space (also known as -biased sample space, -biased generator, or small-bias probability space) is a probability distribution that fools parity functions.
In other words, no parity function can distinguish between a small-bias sample space and the uniform distribution with high probability, and hence, small-bias sample spaces naturally give rise to pseudorandom generators for parity functions.
The main useful property of small-bias sample spaces is that they need far fewer truly random bits than the uniform distribution to fool parities. Efficient constructions of small-bias sample spaces have found many applications in computer science, some of which are derandomization, error-correcting codes, and probabilistically checkable proofs.
The connection with error-correcting codes is in fact very strong since -biased sample spaces are equivalent to -balanced error-correcting codes.
Definition
Bias
Let be a probability distribution over .
The bias of with respect to a set of indices is defined as
where the sum is taken over , the finite field with two elements. In other words, the sum equals if the number of ones in the sample at the positions defined by is even, and otherwise, the sum equals .
For , the empty sum is defined to be zero, and hence .
ϵ-biased sample space
A probability distribution over is called an -biased sample space if
holds for all non-empty subsets .
ϵ-biased set
An -biased sample space t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G12/G13%20alpha%20subunits | {{DISPLAYTITLE:G12/G13 alpha subunits}}
G12/G13 alpha subunits are alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins that link cell surface G protein-coupled receptors primarily to guanine nucleotide exchange factors for the Rho small GTPases to regulate the actin cytoskeleton. Together, these two proteins comprise one of the four classes of G protein alpha subunits. G protein alpha subunits bind to guanine nucleotides and function in a regulatory cycle, and are active when bound to GTP but inactive and associated with the G beta-gamma complex when bound to GDP. G12/G13 are not targets of pertussis toxin or cholera toxin, as are other classes of G protein alpha subunits.
G proteins G12 and G13 regulate actin cytoskeletal remodeling in cells during movement and migration, including cancer cell metastasis. G13 is also essential for receptor tyrosine kinase-induced migration of fibroblast and endothelial cells.
Genes
GNA12 ()
GNA13
See also
Second messenger system
G protein-coupled receptor
Heterotrimeric G protein
Gs alpha subunit
Gi alpha subunit
Gq alpha subunit
Rho family of GTPases
References
External links
Peripheral membrane proteins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IQ%20motif%20containing%20GTPase%20activating%20protein | IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein (IQGAP) is a carrier protein.
It is associated with the Rho GTP-binding protein.
Genes
IQGAP1, IQGAP2, IQGAP3
See also
IQ calmodulin-binding motif
GTP-binding protein regulators |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein-synthesizing%20GTPase | Protein-synthesizing GTPases (, elongation factor (EF), initiation factor (IF), peptide-release or termination factor) are enzymes involved in mRNA translation into protein by the ribosome, with systematic name GTP phosphohydrolase (mRNA-translation-assisting). They usually include translation initiation factors such as IF-2 and translation elongation factors such as EF-Tu.
References
External links
EC 3.6.5 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal-recognition-particle%20GTPase | Signal-recognition-particle GTPase () is an enzyme with systematic name GTP phosphohydrolase (protein-synthesis-assisting). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
GTP + H2O GDP + phosphate
Enzyme activity is associated with the signal-recognition particle.
See also
Signal recognition particle
References
External links
EC 3.6.5 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rap%20GTP-binding%20protein | Rap GTP-binding protein also known as Ras-related proteins or simply RAP is a type of small GTPase, similar in structure to Ras.
These proteins share approximately 50% amino acid identity with the classical RAS proteins and have numerous structural features in common. The most striking difference between RAP proteins and RAS proteins resides in their 61st amino acid: glutamine in RAS is replaced by threonine in RAP proteins. RAP counteracts the mitogenic function of RAS because it can interact with RAS GAPs and RAF in a competitive manner.
Family members
Human genes that encode Ras-related proteins include:
RAP1A, RAP1B
RAP2A, RAP2B, RAP2C
RAB5C
References
External links
EC 3.6.5
Peripheral membrane proteins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOS2 | SOS2 may refer to:
Son of Sevenless, a set of encoding genes
Special ordered set of type 2, a structure in discrete optimization |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaperonin%20ATPase | Chaperonin ATPase (, chaperonin) is an enzyme with systematic name ATP phosphohydrolase (polypeptide-unfolding). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
ATP + H2O ADP + phosphate
These enzymes are a subclass of molecular chaperones.
See also
Chaperonin
References
External links
EC 3.6.4 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-chaperonin%20molecular%20chaperone%20ATPase | Non-chaperonin molecular chaperone ATPase (, molecular chaperone Hsc70 ATPase) is an enzyme with systematic name ATP phosphohydrolase (polypeptide-polymerizing). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
ATP + H2O ADP + phosphate
These enzymes perform many functions that are similar to those of chaperonins.
See also
Chaperone (protein)
References
External links
EC 3.6.4 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-bar%20chart | In industrial statistics, the X-bar chart is a type of Shewhart control chart that is used to monitor the arithmetic means of successive samples of constant size, n. This type of control chart is used for characteristics that can be measured on a continuous scale, such as weight, temperature, thickness etc. For example, one might take a sample of 5 shafts from production every hour, measure the diameter of each, and then plot, for each sample, the average of the five diameter values on the chart.
For the purposes of control limit calculation, the sample means are assumed to be normally distributed, an assumption justified by the Central Limit Theorem.
The X-bar chart is always used in conjunction with a variation chart such as the and R chart or and s chart. The R-chart shows sample ranges (difference between the largest and the smallest values in the sample), while the s-chart shows the samples' standard deviation. The R-chart was preferred in times when calculations were performed manually, as the range is far easier to calculate than the standard deviation; with the advent of computers, ease of calculation ceased to be an issue, and the s-chart is preferred these days, as it is statistically more meaningful and efficient. Depending on the type of variation chart used, the average sample range or the average sample standard deviation is used to derive the X-bar chart's control limits.
Statistical charts and diagrams
Quality control tools |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exoribonuclease | An exoribonuclease is an exonuclease ribonuclease, which are enzymes that degrade RNA by removing terminal nucleotides from either the 5' end or the 3' end of the RNA molecule. Enzymes that remove nucleotides from the 5' end are called 5'-3' exoribonucleases, and enzymes that remove nucleotides from the 3' end are called 3'-5' exoribonucleases.
Exoribonucleases can use either water to cleave the nucleotide-nucleotide bond (which is called hydrolytic activity) or inorganic phosphate (which is called phosphorolytic activity). Hydrolytic exoribonucleases are classified under EC number 3.1 and phosphorolytic exoribonucleases under EC number 2.7.7. As the phosphorolytic enzymes use inorganic phosphate to cleave bonds they release nucleotide diphosphates, whereas the hydrolytic enzymes (which use water) release nucleotide monosphosphates.
Exoribonucleases exist in all kingdoms of life, the bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. Exoribonucleases are involved in the degradation of many different RNA species, including messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA and miRNA. Exoribonucleases can be single proteins (such as RNase D or RNase PH) but also can be complexes of multiple proteins, such as the exosome complex (in which four of the major exoribonuclease families are represented).
Major families
See also
Endoribonuclease
Nuclease
Deoxyribonuclease
Exodeoxyribonuclease
Endodeoxyribonuclease
References
External links
EC 3.1
Ribonucleases |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic%20ribonuclease%20family | Pancreatic ribonuclease family (, RNase, RNase I, RNase A, pancreatic RNase, ribonuclease I, endoribonuclease I, ribonucleic phosphatase, alkaline ribonuclease, ribonuclease, gene S glycoproteins, Ceratitis capitata alkaline ribonuclease, SLSG glycoproteins, gene S locus-specific glycoproteins, S-genotype-assocd. glycoproteins, ribonucleate 3'-pyrimidino-oligonucleotidohydrolase) is a superfamily of pyrimidine-specific endonucleases found in high quantity in the pancreas of certain mammals and of some reptiles.
Specifically, the enzymes are involved in endonucleolytic cleavage of 3'-phosphomononucleotides and 3'-phosphooligonucleotides ending in C-P or U-P with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates. Ribonuclease can unwind the RNA helix by complexing with single-stranded RNA; the complex arises by an extended multi-site cation-anion interaction between lysine and arginine residues of the enzyme and phosphate groups of the nucleotides.
Notable family members
Bovine pancreatic ribonuclease is the best-studied member of the family and has served as a model system in work related to protein folding, disulfide bond formation, protein crystallography and spectroscopy, and protein dynamics. The human genome contains 8 genes that share the structure and function with bovine pancreatic ribonuclease, with 5 additional pseudo-genes. The structure and dynamics of these enzymes are related to their diverse biological functions.
Other proteins belonging to the pancreatic ribonuclease su |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XRN1%20%28gene%29 | 5′-3′ exoribonuclease 1 (Xrn1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the XRN1 gene. Xrn1 hydrolyses RNA in the 5′ to 3′ direction.
Function
This gene encodes a member of the 5′-3′ exonuclease family. The encoded protein may be involved in replication-dependent histone mRNA degradation, and interacts directly with the enhancer of mRNA-decapping protein 4. In addition to mRNA metabolism, a similar protein in yeast has been implicated in a variety of nuclear and cytoplasmic functions, including transcription, translation, homologous recombination, meiosis, telomere maintenance, and microtubule assembly. Mutations in this gene are associated with osteosarcoma, suggesting that the encoded protein may also play a role in bone formation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.
See also
Xrn2
References
Further reading |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5%27-3%27%20exoribonuclease%202 | 5'-3' Exoribonuclease 2 (XRN2) also known as Dhm1-like protein is an exoribonuclease enzyme that in humans is encoded by the XRN2 gene.
The human gene encoding XRN2 shares similarity with the mouse Dhm1 and the yeast's Dhp1 (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) or RAT1 (Saccharomyces) genes. The yeast gene is involved in homologous recombination and RNA metabolism, such as RNA synthesis and RNA trafficking and termination. Complementation studies show that Dhm1 has a similar function in mouse as Dhp1.
Function
Human XRN2 is involved in the torpedo model of transcription termination.
The C. elegans homologue, XRN-2, is involved in the degradation of certain mature miRNAs and their dislodging from miRISC miRNAs.
In yeast, the Rat1 protein has been shown to also be involved in the torpedo transcription termination model. When a polyadenylation site has been detected on the nascent RNA and cleaved by the RNA polymerase II, the Rtt103 factor recruits Rat1 and attaches it to free end. The exonuclease activity of Rat1 degrades the RNA strand and halts transcriptions upon catching up to the polymerase.
See also
Xrn1
References
External links
Further reading
External links
Human proteins
EC 3.1.13 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exoribonuclease%20II | Exoribonuclease II (, ribonuclease II, ribonuclease Q, BN ribonuclease, Escherichia coli exo-RNase II, RNase II, exoribonuclease (misleading), 5'-exoribonuclease) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Exonucleolytic cleavage in the 3'- to 5'-direction to yield nucleoside 5'-phosphates
This enzyme has preference for single-stranded RNA.
See also
5'-3' exoribonuclease 2
References
External links
EC 3.1.13 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoribonuclease | In biochemistry, an endoribonuclease is a class of enzyme which is a type of ribonuclease (an RNA cleaver), itself a type of endonuclease (a nucleotide cleaver). It cleaves either single-stranded or double-stranded RNA, depending on the enzyme. Example includes both single proteins such as RNase III, RNase A, RNase T1, RNase T2 and RNase H and also complexes of proteins with RNA such as RNase P and the RNA-induced silencing complex. Further examples include endoribonuclease XendoU found in frogs (Xenopus).
External links
EC 3.1
Ribonucleases |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endodeoxyribonuclease | In biochemistry, an endodeoxyribonuclease is a class of enzyme which is a type of deoxyribonuclease (a DNA cleaver), itself a type of endonuclease (a nucleotide cleaver). They catalyze cleavage of the phosphodiester bonds in DNA. They are classified with EC numbers 3.1.21 through 3.1.25.
Examples include:
DNA restriction enzymes
micrococcal nuclease
See also
Ribonuclease
UvrABC endonuclease
External links
EC 3.1
Deoxyribonucleases |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligonucleotidase | Oligonucleotidase (, oligoribonuclease) is an exoribonuclease derived from Flammulina velutipes. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
3'-end directed exonucleolytic cleavage of viral RNA-DNA hybrid
References
External links
EC 3.1.13 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eosinophil%20cationic%20protein | Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) also known as ribonuclease 3 is a basic protein located in the eosinophil primary matrix. In humans, the eosinophil cationic protein is encoded by the RNASE3 gene.
ECP is released during degranulation of eosinophils. This protein is related to inflammation and asthma because in these cases, there are increased levels of ECP in the body.
There are three glycosylated forms of ECP and consequently ECP has a range of molecular weights from 18-22 kDa.
Function
Eosinophil cationic protein and the sequence related eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (RNASE2) are both members of the Ribonuclease A superfamily. Both proteins possess neurotoxic, helmintho-toxic, and ribonucleo-lytic activities. Eosinophil cationic protein is localized to the granule matrix of the eosinophil.
Ribonuclease activity and cytotoxicity
The ribonuclease activity of ECP is not essential for cytotoxicity.
When the two known ribonuclease active-site residues are modified to non-functional counterparts (Lysine at position 38 to Arginine and Histidine at position 128 to Aspartate) and compared to the wild-type ECP, the mutated ECP retains its cytotoxicity but no longer has its ribonuclease activity. The experiment confirmed that converting the two amino acids to non-functional counterparts did inhibit ECP’s ribonuclease activity. However, ECP retained its anti-parasitic activity. Also, it did not change the production and transportation of ECP in bacteria.
ECP is a potent cyt |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eosinophil-derived%20neurotoxin | Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RNASE2 gene.
The protein encoded by this gene is found in eosinophil granulocytes. It is closely related to the eosinophil cationic protein (RNASE3) from which it diverged ~50 million years ago after the split between the old world and the new world monkeys. It is relatively neutral and has cytotoxic properties. It is capable of reducing the activity of single strand RNA viruses in culture through its enzymatic activity. It also serves as an attractant to immune cells.
See also
Ribonuclease A
References
Further reading
External links
PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclease%20S1 | Nuclease S1 () is an endonuclease enzyme that splits single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and RNA into oligo- or mononucleotides. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Endonucleolytic cleavage to 5'-phosphomononucleotide and 5'-phosphooligonucleotide end-products
Although its primary substrate is single-stranded, it can also occasionally introduce single-stranded breaks in double-stranded DNA or RNA, or DNA-RNA hybrids. The enzyme hydrolyses single stranded region in duplex DNA such as loops or gaps. It also cleaves a strand opposite a nick on the complementary strand. It has no sequence specificity.
Well-known versions include S1 found in Aspergillus oryzae (yellow koji mold) and Nuclease P1 found in Penicillium citrinum. Members of the S1/P1 family are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and are thought to be associated in programmed cell death and also in tissue differentiation. Furthermore, they are secreted extracellular, that is, outside of the cell. Their function and distinguishing features mean they have potential in being exploited in the field of biotechnology.
Nomenclature
Alternative names include endonuclease S1 (Aspergillus), single-stranded-nucleate endonuclease, deoxyribonuclease S1, deoxyribonuclease S1, Aspergillus nuclease S1, Neurospora crassa single-strand specific endonuclease, S1 nuclease, single-strand endodeoxyribonuclease, single-stranded DNA specific endonuclease, single-strand-specific endodeoxyribonuclease, single strand-specifi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type%20II%20site-specific%20deoxyribonuclease | Type II site-specific deoxyribonuclease (, type II restriction enzyme) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to give specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates
See also
Restriction enzyme
References
External links
EC 3.1.21 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type%20III%20site-specific%20deoxyribonuclease | Type III site-specific deoxyribonuclease (, type III restriction enzyme, restriction-modification system) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to give specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates
This group of enzymes has an absolute requirement for ATP, but does not hydrolyse it.
See also
Restriction enzyme
References
External links
EC 3.1.21 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphinase | Amphinase is a ribonuclease enzyme found in the oocytes of the Northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens). Amphinase is a member of the pancreatic ribonuclease protein superfamily and degrades long RNA substrates. Along with ranpirnase, another leopard frog ribonuclease, amphinase has been studied as a potential cancer therapy due to its unusual mechanism of cytotoxicity tested against tumor cells.
References
Ribonucleases
EC 3.1.27 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20Fleet | Stephen George Fleet (28 September 1936 – 18 May 2006) was a Master of Downing College, Cambridge, the Cambridge University Registrary and a researcher in mineral sciences and crystallography.
Stephen Fleet was educated at Brentwood School, Essex, Lewes County Grammar School, Sussex and St John's College, Cambridge, where he received his doctorate. His research fields were the crystal structure of minerals, particularly phase transformations in minerals and meteorites.
In 1963 Fleet moved to Fitzwilliam House and was a founding fellow when Fitzwilliam achieved collegiate status in 1966. In 1974 he moved to Downing College as bursar and fellow and later served the college as Vice-Master (1985–1987, 1991–1994 and 1997–2000) and as Master from 2000 to 2003. Between 1983 and 1997 Fleet was the University Registrary, the chief administrative officer of the university.
He died from cancer at the Hammersmith Hospital, London on 18 May 2006.
References
1936 births
2006 deaths
People educated at Brentwood School, Essex
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Fellows of Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge
Masters of Downing College, Cambridge
Fellows of the Institute of Physics
Deaths from cancer in England
Registraries of the University of Cambridge |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20modular%20immunopharmaceutical | Small modular immunopharmaceuticals, or SMIPs for short, are artificial proteins that are intended for use as pharmaceutical drugs. They are largely built from parts of antibodies (immunoglobulins), and like them have a binding site for antigens that could be used for monoclonal antibody therapy. SMIPs have similar biological half-life and, being smaller than antibodies, are reasoned to have better tissue penetration properties. They were invented by Trubion and are now being developed by Emergent BioSolutions, which acquired Trubion in 2010.
Structure
SMIPs are single-chain proteins that comprise one binding region, one hinge region as a connector, and one effector domain. The binding region is a modified single-chain variable fragment (scFv), and the rest of the protein can be constructed from the fragment crystallizable region (Fc) and the hinge region of an immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1). Genetically modified cells produce SMIPs as antibody-like dimers, which are about 30% smaller than real antibodies.
Like ordinary monoclonal antibodies, SMIPs are monospecific, meaning they recognize and attach to a single antigen target to initiate their biological activity. SMIP drug candidates are intended to target antigens with the same specificity and predictable biological activity as monoclonal antibodies. Examples are TRU-015, a CD20 targeting SMIP under research for rheumatoid arthritis, and TRU-016, a CD37 targeting potential treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other B |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetal%20protein | Fetal proteins are high levels of proteins present during the fetal stage of development. Often related proteins assume similar roles after birth or in the embryo, in which case the fetal varieties are called fetal isoforms. Sometimes, the genes coding fetal isoforms occur adjacent to their adult homologues in the genome, and in those cases a locus control region often coordinates the transition from fetal to adult forms. In other cases fetal isoforms can be produced by alternate splicing using fetal exons to produce proteins that differ in only a portion of their amino acid sequence. In some situations the continuing expression of fetal forms can reveal the presence of a disease condition or serve as a treatment for diseases such as sickle cell anemia. Some well known examples include:
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), the predominant serum protein of the fetus which gives way to albumin in the adult. AFP is categorized as an oncofetal protein because it is also found in tumors.
Fetal hemoglobin, the fetal version of hemoglobin.
Fetal Troponin T and Troponin I isoforms.
Fetal Hemoglobin is a member of erythrocytes called F-cells. It is a tetramer protein with 2 alpha and 2 gamma subunits. This is different from adult hemoglobin because it has 2 alpha and 2 beta subunits. Fetal hemoglobin is coded by a gene on chromosome 11. The gamma subunit on fetal hemoglobin contains a neutral and nonpolar amino acid at position 136, unlike the beta subunit of adult hemoglobin. The pro |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microvan | A microvan is a van or minivan which is within the Japanese kei car classification or similar, and is smaller than a mini MPV. In China, these vehicles are nicknamed miàn bāo chē ("bread-loaf vehicle") because of their shape. Similarly, in several Hispanic American countries, these vehicles are called pan de molde, which means "bread loaf". In Indonesia, it is commonly called a minibus due to their tall roof, perceived as resembling a miniature bus; the term is also used generally to refer to any type of three-row MPVs.
Outside of China and Japan, microvans are also common in Southeast Asia, South Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East. Microvans share similar characteristics with other-sized MPVs; for instance, microvans commonly have rear sliding doors. Generally, they have capacity for six, seven, or eight passengers. As this category of vehicle has fixed third-row seats, a single vehicle cannot be used both for passenger transport and larger-cargo transport without refitting; therefore, microvans are not usually considered multi-purpose vehicles.
Economics
Tax and insurance benefits in some locations make these models particularly inexpensive. For example, in rural Japan, kei-car vehicles are exempted from a certification that adequate parking is available for the vehicle. They are, therefore, widely used for small businesses in these places.
Design
The first vehicle to adopt the bodystyle of a van, with the engine installed in front of the driver, was the 19 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NIPBL | Nipped-B-like protein (NIPBL), also known as SCC2 or delangin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NIPBL gene. NIPBL is required for the association of cohesin with DNA and is the major subunit of the cohesin loading complex. Heterozygous mutations in NIPBL account for an estimated 60% of case of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome.
Structure and Interactions
NIPBL is a large hook-shaped protein containing HEAT repeats. NIPBL forms a complex with MAU2 (Scc4 in budding yeast) known as the cohesin loading complex. As this name suggests NIPBL and MAU2 are required for the initial association of cohesin with DNA.
Cohesin is thought to mediate enhancer-promoter interactions and generate Topologically associating domains (TADs). As well as mediating cohesion and regulating DNA architecture the cohesin complex is required for DNA repair by homologous recombination. Given that NIPBL is required for cohesin's association with DNA it is thought that NIPBL is also required for all of these processes. Consistently, inactivation of Nipbl results in the loss topologically associating domains and cohesion.
NIPBL binds dynamically to chromatin principally through an association with cohesin. NIPBL’s movement within chromatin is consistent with a mechanism involving hopping between chromosomal cohesin rings. A cohesin-independent function in the regulation of gene expression has also been demonstrated for NIPBL.
Clinical significance
Mutations in this gene result in Cornelia de Lange |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMC1A | Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1A (SMC1A) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMC1A gene. SMC1A is a subunit of the cohesin complex which mediates sister chromatid cohesion, homologous recombination and DNA looping. In somatic cells, cohesin is formed of SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21 and either SA1 or SA2 whereas in meiosis, cohesin is formed of SMC3, SMC1B, REC8 and SA3.
SMC1A is a member of the SMC protein family. Members of this family are key regulators of DNA repair, chromosome condensation and chromosome segregation from bacteria to humans.
Structure
The domain organisation of SMC proteins is highly conserved and is composed of an N-terminal Walker A motif, coiled-coil, "hinge", coiled-coil and a C-terminal Walker B motif. The protein folds back on itself to form a rod-shaped molecule with a heterodimerisation "hinge" domain at one end and an ABC-type ATPase "head" at the other. These globular domains are separated by a ~50 nm anti-parallel coiled-coil. SMC3 and SMC1 bind via their hinge domains creating V-shaped heterodimers. The N-terminal domain of RAD21 binds to the coiled coil of SMC3 just above the head domain while the C-terminal domain of RAD21 binds the head domain of SMC1. This end to end binding of the SMC3-SMC1-RAD21 trimer creates a closed ring within which DNA can be entrapped.
Function
In addition to entrapping DNA to ensure proper chromosome segregation during the cell cycle, SMC1A, as a component of cohesin, contributes to facilit |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vusal%20Garaev | Vusal Garaev (born 1986) is an Azerbaijani football forward playing for Turan in the Azerbaijan First Division.
Career statistics
References
External links
http://www.futbol-agent.com/profi/nap_garayevvusal.htm
1986 births
Living people
Azerbaijani men's footballers
Gabala SC players
Ravan Baku FK players
Men's association football forwards |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W.%20Gene%20Corley | Dr. W. Gene Corley, P.E. (December 19, 1935 – March 1, 2013) was an American structural engineer and "preeminent expert on building collapse investigations and building codes." Corley was the Senior Vice President of CTLGroup from 1987 to 2013, where he led structural engineering projects, including numerous evaluations of buildings and structures damaged by earthquake, explosions, and from terrorist attacks. He led the investigation of structural performance of the Murrah Building following the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995, and the World Trade Center Building Performance Study in 2001–2002 following the September 11, 2001 attacks. He died on March 1, 2013. He was 77.
Background
Corley was educated at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, earning a B.S. in Civil Engineering in 1958, and a Ph.D. in Structural Engineering in 1961. He was a licensed as a Structural Engineer in Illinois. He was also a Registered Civil Engineer and Registered Professional Engineer in numerous other states. He was a frequent seminar speaker at his alma mater on topics ranging from structural failure investigations to professional licensure. In 1970, he shared the American Concrete Institute's Wason Medal for Materials Research with Neil M. Hawkins for their article, "Shearhead Reinforcement Slabs."
From 1987 to 2013, Corley was the Senior Vice President of CTLGroup where he led structural engineering projects and investigations of structural failure.
Consulting
Oklahoma City bo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apudoma | In pathology, an apudoma is an endocrine tumour that arises from an APUD cell from structures such as the ampulla of Vater. They were historically thought to be derived from neural crest cells, but this has since been shown to be untrue (see neuroendocrine tumor).The term dates back to at least 1975. Because the label "apudoma" is very general, it is preferred to use a more specific term when possible.
See also
VIPoma
Carcinoid tumor
References
External links
Endocrine neoplasia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDC42 | Cell division control protein 42 homolog (Cdc42 or CDC42) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CDC42 gene. Cdc42 is involved in regulation of the cell cycle. It was originally identified in S. cerevisiae (yeast) as a mediator of cell division, and is now known to influence a variety of signaling events and cellular processes in a variety of organisms from yeast to mammals.
Function
Human Cdc42 is a small GTPase of the Rho family, which regulates signaling pathways that control diverse cellular functions including cell morphology, cell migration, endocytosis and cell cycle progression. Rho GTPases are central to dynamic actin cytoskeletal assembly and rearrangement that are the basis of cell-cell adhesion and migration. Activated Cdc42 activates by causing conformational changes in p21-activated kinases PAK1 and PAK2, which in turn initiate actin reorganization and regulate cell adhesion, migration, and invasion.
Structure
Cdc42 is a homodimer with A and B chains. Its total length is 191 amino acids and its theoretical weight is 21.33 kDa. Its sequence domains include a P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase and a small GTP-binding protein domain.
Cdc42 cycles between an active GTP-bound state and an inactive GDP-bound state. This process is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) which promote the exchange of bound GDP for free GTP, GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) which increase GTP hydrolysis activity, and GDP dissociation inhibit |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FYVE%2C%20RhoGEF%20and%20PH%20domain%20containing | FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain containing (FGD) is a gene family consisting of:
FGD1
FGD2
FGD3
FGD4
Type 1 is associated with Aarskog-Scott syndrome.
See also
Guanine nucleotide exchange factor
References
External links
Gene families |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FGD1 | FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain-containing protein 1 (FGD1) also known as faciogenital dysplasia 1 protein (FGDY), zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 3 (ZFYVE3), or Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor FGD1 (Rho/Rac GEF) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGD1 gene that lies on the X chromosome. Orthologs of the FGD1 gene are found in dog, cow, mouse, rat, and zebrafish, and also budding yeast and C. elegans. It is a member of the FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain containing family.
FGD1 is a guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that can activate the Rho GTPase Cdc42. It localizes preferentially to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) of mammalian cells and regulates, for example, the secretory transport of bone-specific proteins from the Golgi complex. Thus Cdc42 and FGD1 regulate secretory membrane trafficking that occurs especially during bone growth and mineralization in humans. FGD1 promotes nucleotide exchange on the GTPase Cdc42, a key player in the establishment of cell polarity in all eukaryotic cells. The GEF activity of FGD1, which activates Cdc42, is harbored in its DH domain and causes the formation of filopodia, enabling the cells to migrate. FGD1 also activates the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling cascade, important in cell differentiation and apoptosis. It also promotes the transition through G1 during the cell cycle and causes tumorgenic transformation of NIH/3T3 fibroblasts.
The FGD1 gene is located on the short arm of the X-chromoso |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LMX1B | LIM homeobox transcription factor 1-beta, also known as LMX1B, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the LMX1B gene.
Function
LMX1B is a LIM homeobox transcription factor which plays a central role in dorso-ventral patterning of the vertebrate limb.
Clinical significance
Loss-of-function mutations in the LMX1B gene are associated with Nail-patella syndrome.
References
Further reading
External links
GeneReviews/NIH/NCBI/UW entry on Nail-Patella Syndrome |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallaria | Crystallaria is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish which is classified in the subfamily Etheostomatinae, commonly known as the darters, part of the family Percidae which also includes the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. They are found in the Mississippi River basin from Ohio to Minnesota and in southern Mississippi, northern Louisiana, and southeastern Oklahoma, and on the Gulf Slope of Escambia, Mobile Bay, and the Pearl River drainages. They have now been extirpated from Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, and Illinois.
Taxonomy
Crystallaria is the sister taxon of the genus Ammocrypta and together these genera are the sister taxon of the clade consisting of the speciose genus Etheostoma and Nothonotus. Some authorities regard Crystallaria as a subgenus of Ammocrypta.
Species
Currently, two species in this genus are recognized:
Crystallaria asprella D. S. Jordan, 1878 (Crystal darter)
Crystallaria cincotta S. A. Welsh & R. M. Wood, 2008 (Diamond darter)
References
Etheostomatinae
Taxa named by David Starr Jordan
Taxa named by Charles Henry Gilbert |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excision%20repair%20cross-complementing | Excision repair cross-complementing (ERCC) is a set of proteins which are involved in DNA repair.
In humans, ERCC proteins are transcribed from the following genes:
ERCC1, ERCC2, ERCC3, ERCC4, ERCC5, ERCC6, and ERCC8.
Members 1 though 5 are associated with Xeroderma Pigmentosum.
Members 6 and 8 are associated with Cockayne syndrome.
References
DNA repair |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-box | T-box refers to a group of transcription factors involved in embryonic limb and heart development. Every T-box protein has a relatively large DNA-binding domain, generally comprising about a third of the entire protein that is both necessary and sufficient for sequence-specific DNA binding. All members of the T-box gene family bind to the "T-box", a DNA consensus sequence of TCACACCT.
Members
T-boxes are especially important to the development of embryos, found in zebrafish oocyte by Bruce et al 2003 and Xenopus laevis oocyte by Xanthos et al 2001. They are also expressed in later stages, including adult mouse and rabbit studied by Szabo et al 2000.
Mutations in the first one found caused short tails in mice, and thus the protein encoded was named brachyury, Greek for "short-tail". In mice this gene is named Tbxt, and in humans it is named TBXT. Brachyury has been found in all bilaterian animals that have been screened, and is also present in the cnidaria.
The mouse Tbxt gene was cloned and found to be a 436 amino acid embryonic nuclear transcription factor. The protein brachyury binds to the T-box through a region at its N-terminus.
Protein activity
The encoded proteins of TBX5 and TBX4 play a role in limb development, and play a major role in limb bud initiation specifically. For instance, in chickens TBX4 specifies hindlimb status while Tbx5 specifies forelimb status. The activation of these proteins by Hox genes initiates signaling cascades that involve the Wnt signal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Making%20the%20Grade%20%281984%20film%29 | Making the Grade is a 1984 American teen comedy film. It was directed by Dorian Walker and written by Charles Gale and Gene Quintano. It was filmed at Rhodes College in Memphis, Tennessee.
Plot
Palmer Woodrow (Dana Olsen) is a rich prep school kid who rarely attends class and has been expelled from numerous prep schools. His parents are traveling internationally and inform him that he has been enrolled at Hoover Academy and he has one last chance to graduate or he will be cut off financially. Meanwhile, Eddie Keaton (Judd Nelson) is a small-time con artist and high school dropout who has run afoul of a local loanshark named "Dice" (Andrew Dice Clay). Via a chance meeting, Woodrow hires Keaton for $10,000 and a Porsche to attend his prep school and graduate, freeing Woodrow to travel to Europe for skiing.
Cast
Production
This film marks the first appearance of Andrew Clay's "Dice" persona.
During an appearance on the Match Game-Hollywood Squares Hour, Gordon Jump mentioned the working title of the film was The Last American Preppie and that they were looking for a new title.
At the start of the film's final credits, the characters Palmer and Eddie are touted as returning in the upcoming movie, Tourista. However, after low theatrical interest in the duo and repeated missed deadlines (of which Olsen tried to contribute as a writer), the script for Tourista was never completed. The pair never teamed up in filmmaking again.
References
External links
1984 films
1980s comi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfate%20transporter | The sulfate transporter is a solute carrier family protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC26A2 gene. SLC26A2 is also called the diastrophic dysplasia sulfate transporter (DTDST), and was first described by Hästbacka et al. in 1994. A defect in sulfate activation described by Superti-Furga in achondrogenesis type 1B was subsequently also found to be caused by genetic variants in the sulfate transporter gene. This sulfate (SO42−) transporter also accepts chloride, hydroxyl ions (OH−), and oxalate as substrates. SLC26A2 is expressed at high levels in developing and mature cartilage, as well as being expressed in lung, placenta, colon, kidney, pancreas and testis.
Function
The diastrophic dysplasia sulfate transporter is a transmembrane glycoprotein implicated in the pathogenesis of several human chondrodysplasias. In chondrocytes, SLC26A2 functions to transport most of the cellular sulfate, which is critical for the sulfation of proteoglycans and normal cartilage formation. In addition, studies have demonstrated that SLC26A2 influences chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation, and growth, suggesting that in the chondrocyte, SLC26A2 provides sulfate for both structural and regulatory proteins.
Clinical significance
Deficiencies are associated with many forms of osteochondrodysplasia. These include:
achondrogenesis type 1B
diastrophic dysplasia
atelosteogenesis, type II
recessive multiple epiphyseal dysplasia
Correlation between genotype and phenotype
Since its fi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylglycerol | Phosphatidylglycerol is a glycerophospholipid found in pulmonary surfactant and in the plasma membrane where it directly activates lipid-gated ion channels.
The general structure of phosphatidylglycerol consists of a L-glycerol 3-phosphate backbone ester-bonded to either saturated or unsaturated fatty acids on carbons 1 and 2. The head group substituent glycerol is bonded through a phosphomonoester. It is the precursor of surfactant and its presence (>0.3) in the amniotic fluid of the newborn indicates fetal lung maturity.
Approximately 98% of alveolar wall surface area is due to the presence of type I cells, with type II cells producing pulmonary surfactant covering around 2% of the alveolar walls. Once surfactant is secreted by the type II cells, it must be spread over the remaining type I cellular surface area. Phosphatidylglycerol is thought to be important in spreading of surfactant over the Type I cellular surface area. The major surfactant deficiency in premature infants relates to the lack of phosphatidylglycerol, even though it comprises less than 5% of pulmonary surfactant phospholipids. It is synthesized by head group exchange of a phosphatidylcholine enriched phospholipid using the enzyme phospholipase D.
Biosynthesis
Phosphatidic acid reacts with CTP, producing CDP-diacylglycerol, with loss of pyrophosphate. Glycerol-3-phosphate reacts with CDP-diacylglycerol to form phosphatidylglycerol phosphate, while CMP is released. The phosphate group is hydrolysed for |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP2A2 | ATP2A2 also known as sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA2) is an ATPase associated with Darier's disease and Acrokeratosis verruciformis.
This gene encodes one of the SERCA Ca(2+)-ATPases, which are intracellular pumps located in the sarcoplasmic or endoplasmic reticula of muscle cells. This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the translocation of calcium from the cytosol to the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen, and is involved in calcium sequestration associated with muscular excitation and contraction. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.
References
External links |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WTRN | WTRN is an American commercial AM radio station, licensed to the borough of Tyrone, Pennsylvania. The station operates at the federally assigned frequency of 1340 kHz with a full-time power output of 1,000 watts. WTRN also operates two FM translators. One at 100.7 MHz Tyrone and 96.9 MHz Altoona, Pennsylvania. WTRN was the flagship station for the former Allegheny Mountain Network (AMN).
History
WTRN's beginnings were part of a boom in local radio station construction in the northern and central part of Pennsylvania that began in 1950. In 1947, Allegheny Mountain Network founder Cary H. Simpson helped build WHUN, where he also would serve as program director, in his hometown of Huntingdon, Pennsylvania; approximately 20 miles southeast of Tyrone in Huntingdon County. Inspired by the station's success, Simpson built the first station in his group, WKBI (AM) in St. Marys, Pennsylvania. As this was the very first station in his group, WKBI served as the flagship station for the other stations that Simpson would build and put on the air over the next four decades.
Desiring to put a station on the air in his newly adopted hometown of Tyrone, Simpson petitioned the FCC for an AM license to be assigned to Tyrone. A construction permit was granted, and Simpson signed WTRN on the air on January 12, 1955. Simpson also successfully applied for an FM license to also be assigned to Tyrone. That station, WGMR (which was sold to Forever Broadcasting in Altoona in 2008), was grante |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tule%20Springs | Tule Springs is one of the larger urban retreats in Las Vegas, Nevada, and the Las Vegas Valley. It is a significant desert ecosystem consisting of a series of small lakes that formed an oasis in this area of the Mojave Desert. Both the springs and the ranch are located within the Floyd Lamb Park at Tule Springs which is operated by the City of Las Vegas.
Tule Springs Ranch
Tule Springs Ranch and the associated buildings are listed as a district on the United States National Register of Historic Places and located within this area. The ranch district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 23, 1981.
Tule Springs Archaeological Site
The area was home to numerous Native American visitors in the pre-Columbian period. More recently, it served as a guest ranch for out-of-state residents seeking to "live" in Nevada and gain access to its easy divorce requirements. Several of the ranch's buildings remain, as do a few peacocks.
The springs archeological site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 20, 1979.
Tule Springs Wash
The wash, also known as the Upper Las Vegas Wash feeds into the Las Vegas Wash. The wash area also includes several patches of the rare Las Vegas bear poppy.
This area is part of Ice Age Fossils State Park, a conservation area, and Tule Springs Fossil Beds National Monument, established in 2014.
References
External links
Floyd Lamb State Park website
Tule Springs Ice Age Park
Oases of Nevada
Tou |
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