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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiregulin | Epiregulin (EPR) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EREG gene.
Structure
Epiregulin consists of 46 amino acid residues. Its secondary structure contains approximately 30 percent of β-sheet in the strand. Some of the residues form loops and turns due to the hydrogen bonding. The percentage of β-sheet in epiregulin depends on the domain and the secondary structures that they occupy. The polymeric molecules of epiregulin has the formula weight of 5280.1 g/mol with a polypeptide(L), a polymer type.
Structural motifs in most proteins have typical connections in an all β motif. Meaning that the polypeptide chains do not make a crossover connection or in so far as this type of connection has not been observed. Epiregulin is one of the proteins that occupies a typical connection in all β motif. Furthermore, as the structure of epiregulin forms a chain in an all β motif, it also forms β hairpin structural motif. A β hairpin is when the two adjacent anti-parallel β strands connected by a β-turn.
Function
Epiregulin is a member of the epidermal growth factor family. Epiregulin can function as a ligand of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), as well as a ligand of most members of the ERBB (v-erb-b2 oncogene homolog) family of tyrosine-kinase receptors. The secondary structure at the C-terminus epiregulin is different from other epidermal growth factor family ligands because of the lack of hydrogen bonds. The structural difference at the C-terminus may provide an expla |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigen | Epigen also known as epithelial mitogen is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EPGN gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the epidermal growth factor family. Members of this family are ligands for the epidermal growth factor receptor and play a role in cell survival, proliferation and migration. This protein has been reported to have high mitogenic activity but low affinity for its receptor. Expression of this transcript and protein have been reported in cancer specimens of the breast, bladder, and prostate.
References
External links |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betacellulin | Betacellulin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BTC gene located on chromosome 4 at locus 4q13-q21. Betacellulin was initially identified as a mitogen. Betacellulin, is a part of an Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) family and functions as a ligand for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). As the role a EGFR, betacellulin is manifested by different form of muscles and tissues, it also has a great effect of nitrogen that is used for retinal pigment epithelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. While many studies attest a role for betacellulin in the differentiation of pancreatic β-cells, the last decade witnessed the association of betacellulin with many additional biological processes, ranging from reproduction to the control of neural stem cells. Betacellulin is a member of the EGF family of growth factors. It is synthesized primarily as a transmembrane precursor, which is then processed to mature molecule by proteolytic events.
Structure
As shown on figure 1, the secondary structure of the human betacellulin-2 has 6% helical (1 helices; 3 residues) 36% beta sheet (5 strands; 18 residues). The mRNA of betacellulin contains six exons in which is 2816 base-pair long. The mRNA was translated into 178 amino acids, and different regions of the amino acid are responsible for different function. The first 31 amino acids are responsible for the signal peptide (Figure 2, exon 1), the 32nd to 118th amino acids are responsible for the extracellular region (Figure |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow%20velocity | In continuum mechanics the flow velocity in fluid dynamics, also macroscopic velocity in statistical mechanics, or drift velocity in electromagnetism, is a vector field used to mathematically describe the motion of a continuum. The length of the flow velocity vector is the flow speed and is a scalar.
It is also called velocity field; when evaluated along a line, it is called a velocity profile (as in, e.g., law of the wall).
Definition
The flow velocity u of a fluid is a vector field
which gives the velocity of an element of fluid at a position and time
The flow speed q is the length of the flow velocity vector
and is a scalar field.
Uses
The flow velocity of a fluid effectively describes everything about the motion of a fluid. Many physical properties of a fluid can be expressed mathematically in terms of the flow velocity. Some common examples follow:
Steady flow
The flow of a fluid is said to be steady if does not vary with time. That is if
Incompressible flow
If a fluid is incompressible the divergence of is zero:
That is, if is a solenoidal vector field.
Irrotational flow
A flow is irrotational if the curl of is zero:
That is, if is an irrotational vector field.
A flow in a simply-connected domain which is irrotational can be described as a potential flow, through the use of a velocity potential with If the flow is both irrotational and incompressible, the Laplacian of the velocity potential must be zero:
Vorticity
The vorticity, , of a flow |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FNAEG | The Fichier National Automatisé des Empreintes Génétiques () is the French national DNA database, used by both the national police force and local gendarmerie.
Origins and evolution
In June 1998, the Guigou law on the prevention of sexually-related crimes, passed by the Plural Left Lionel Jospin government, created a national DNA database. The implementation, originally planned for 1999, was finally completed in 2001, with the database itself located at Écully in the Rhône, managed by a subdirectorate of the technical and scientific departments of the French police force.
In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks on the USA in 2001, the French government increased the scope of the database to include DNA related to other serious criminal offences, such as voluntary manslaughter, criminal violence and terrorism.
A further 'law for interior safety' introduced on 18 March 2003 expanded the scope still further to cover almost all violent crimes to people or property, serious crimes such as drug trafficking, simple thefts, tags and dégradations, and finally almost all small offenses, but not traffic offenses or crimes committed abroad. Samples are taken from convicted persons and also from simple suspects. The law does not specify a minimum age.
In September 2009, Matthieu Bonduelle, the general secretary of the Syndicat de la Magistrature (the first syndicat of juges) has declared that "nobody defends a universal database, but, in fact, it is being done."
Relative size
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugeniu%20Cebotaru | Eugeniu Cebotaru (born 16 October 1984) is a Moldovan professional football coach and a former player. He serves as an assistant coach for Liga I club Petrolul Ploiești.
Career statistics
International stats
International goals
Scores and results list Moldova's goal tally first.
Honours
Zimbru Chișinău
Moldovan Cup: 2003–04
Ceahlăul Piatra Neamț
Liga II: 2008–09, 2010–11
Petrolul Ploiești
Liga II: 2021–22
References
External links
1984 births
Living people
Footballers from Chișinău
Moldovan people of Romanian descent
Moldovan men's footballers
Moldova men's international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Moldovan Super Liga players
FC Zimbru Chișinău players
Liga I players
CSM Ceahlăul Piatra Neamț players
LPS HD Clinceni players
Liga II players
FC Petrolul Ploiești players
Russian Premier League players
PFC Spartak Nalchik players
FC Sibir Novosibirsk players
Moldovan expatriate men's footballers
Moldovan expatriate sportspeople in Romania
Expatriate men's footballers in Romania
Moldovan expatriate sportspeople in Russia
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RoboJackets | RoboJackets is a group of Georgia Tech students, faculty, and alumni that aims to enhance the understanding of the field of robotics and its applications. The team also strives to increase of the number of students exposed to it. The group, located in the Student Competition Center, allows students to engage in a wide range of engineering-related activities, and has members from almost every engineering major of study offered at Georgia Tech. Students work collaboratively in a group environment and have the abilities to pursue projects on their own.
History
RoboJackets was founded in 1999 by a group of grads and undergrads interested in the BattleBots competitions. The following year, they would start their highly respected FIRST outreach and mentoring program. The group's first home was in the J.S. Coon building. In 2003, due to renovations of the Coon building and the mechanical engineering department's move to new buildings, the RoboJackets were moved across the alley to the "Tin Building". After the move, the organization expanded to encompass a new IGVC team (started in 2003) and a RoboCup team (started in 2007). In 2011, the teams were relocated to the new Student Competition Center located on 14th Street, north of the Georgia Tech campus. In 2013, the RoboJackets IARRC team was created. Over the years, the team has grown from a handful of students to over 200 active members.
Competition
The RoboJackets participate in several robotics competitions, including RoboCup S |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postreplication%20repair | Postreplication repair is the repair of damage to the DNA that takes place after replication.
Some example genes in humans include:
BRCA2 and BRCA1
BLM
NBS1
Accurate and efficient DNA replication is crucial for the health and survival of all living organisms. Under optimal conditions, the replicative DNA polymerases ε, δ, and α can work in concert to ensure that the genome is replicated efficiently with high accuracy in every cell cycle. However, DNA is constantly challenged by exogenous and endogenous genotoxic threats, including solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated as a byproduct of cellular metabolism. Damaged DNA can act as a steric block to replicative polymerases, thereby leading to incomplete DNA replication or the formation of secondary DNA strand breaks at the sites of replication stalling. Incomplete DNA synthesis and DNA strand breaks are both potential sources of genomic instability. An arsenal of DNA repair mechanisms exists to repair various forms of damaged DNA and minimize genomic instability. Most DNA repair mechanisms require an intact DNA strand as template to fix the damaged strand.
DNA damage prevents the normal enzymatic synthesis of DNA by the replication fork. At damaged sites in the genome, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells utilize a number of postreplication repair (PRR) mechanisms to complete DNA replication. Chemically modified bases can be bypassed by either error-prone or error-free translesion p |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinoma | Kinoma, a division of Marvell Semiconductor, is a software engineering group providing an open-source, cross-platform ECMAScript stack aimed at developing software for Internet of Things products and other embedded devices. Additionally, Kinoma provides Kinoma Create, a hardware prototyping platform aimed at the independent maker community.
Kinoma initially offered consumer media players for the Palm OS Treo lineup. It expanded its offering starting in 2008 with Windows Mobile 6 and Symbian S60 devices, and in 2012 offered Kinoma Play for Android. Additionally, Kinoma licenses its core technologies for embedded/OEM products including Sling Media, Sprint Mobile TV, and Sony among others.
Kinoma Player for Palm
Kinoma Player was offered as a default media player in Palm Treo based devices.
Kinoma Player 4 EX was also sold as a premium media player on Palm OS based phones until August 2010, which featured Kinoma Guide and YouTube video search. Kinoma Player 4 EX was sold until August 2010, and reached its support end-of-life on October 1, 2010.
Kinoma Play
Kinoma Play, introduced at Mobile World Congress 2011 and released on March 13, 2012, was a combination media player, media browser, and app platform. The default app in Kinoma Play, Kinoma Guide, contained mobile-specific content from a variety of sources on the Internet. Kinoma Play also had downloadable apps to extend its capabilities, such as Box.net, ORB, ShoutCAST, as well as social media clients for Twitter, F |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%20Register%20of%20Shipping | Polish Register of Shipping, (in Polish: Polski Rejestr Statków S.A.), also known as PRS, is an independent classification society established in 1936. It is a not-for-profit company working on the marine market, developing technical rules and supervising their implementation, managing risk and performing surveys on ships. PRS has been authorized by a number of State Maritime Administrations to act on their behalf. PRS is the only classification societies which has its own team of scuba divers surveyors performing underwater inspections. The Society's head office is placed at 126 Aleja gen. Hallera, Gdańsk, Poland.
Main activities
1. The development and updating of the rules for classification and construction of floating objects, industrial objects as well as statutory and administration survey guidelines resulting from authorizations granted to PRS by Governments.
2. Performing surveys for compliance with the requirements of the Society's own rules for classification and construction and/or the requirements of the relevant international conventions as well as national regulations regarding the following:
floating objects, including naval craft,
special purpose objects intended for the State security and defence,
construction of steel structures, pipelines and industrial installations, as well as land objects,
construction and repair of containers,
manufacture of materials and products,
approval of products, manufacturers and service suppliers.
3. Provision of t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WLIM | WLIM (1440 AM) is a radio station licensed to Medford, New York, broadcasting a Spanish news–talk format.
History
Originally licensed to Babylon, New York, the 1440 frequency signed on the air on Sunday January 5, 1958, as WBAB with 500 watts daytime only. Operated by Babylon-Bay Shore Broadcasting Company, the station initially played Jazz and featured a large news department as well as extensive community affairs programming.
WBAB (and its FM signal on 102.3) switched to a Pop Music format before becoming a Progressive Rock station by the late 1960s. On October 14, 1975, the station's call sign was changed to WNYG (New York Gospel) after adopting a Gospel music format. The companion FM station, which continued to play rock, was sold shortly after.
In the 1980s, WNYG adopted an MOR (Middle of the Road) format called "14 Gold". Upon receiving nighttime authorization in 1987, WNYG dropped the 14 Gold format and became "Long Island's Good Time Oldies" on January 1, 1988. The playlist was tightened to focus on pre-Beatles Rock and Roll and Doo-Wop.
When cross-town rival WGLI flipped from Oldies to a simulcast of WADO in late 1989, WNYG began to add more 1960s records.
By the end of 1993, much of the weekday format had been replaced by Country music and the station unceremoniously dumped the remainder of the oldies format and staff and switched full time to Country music on April 18, 1994. The new format lasted but two months when an agreement was reached to sell WNYG to Bie |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TAS2R38 | Taste receptor 2 member 38 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAS2R38 gene. TAS2R38 is a bitter taste receptor; varying genotypes of TAS2R38 influence the ability to taste both 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) and phenylthiocarbamide (PTC). Though it has often been proposed that varying taste receptor genotypes could influence tasting ability, TAS2R38 is one of the few taste receptors shown to have this function.
Signal transduction
As with all TAS2R proteins, TAS2R38 utilizes the G-protein gustducin as its primary method of signal transduction. Both the α- and βγ-subunits are crucial to the transmission of the taste signal. See: taste receptor.
Ligands
To date, a total of 23 distinct ligands have been identified for the T2R38 bitter taste receptor. These ligands have been extensively cataloged and documented in the comprehensive database known as BitterDB. Within this repository of bitter taste information, notable ligands such as PTC (phenylthiocarbamide) and PROP ( 6-n-propylthiouracil) have been extensively studied and are widely recognized. Additionally, T2R38 has been found to interact with other intriguing ligands, including limonin, a compound commonly found in citrus fruits, cyclamate, an artificial sweetener, and Chlorpheniramine, an antihistamine employed for the management of allergic conditions. The diverse range of ligands recognized by the T2R38 receptor adds to our understanding of the complex molecular interactions involved in the perception of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustducin | Gustducin is a G protein associated with taste and the gustatory system, found in some taste receptor cells.
Research on the discovery and isolation of gustducin is recent. It is known to play a large role in the transduction of bitter, sweet and umami stimuli. Its pathways (especially for detecting bitter stimuli) are many and diverse.
An intriguing feature of gustducin is its similarity to transducin. These two G proteins have been shown to be structurally and functionally similar, leading researchers to believe that the sense of taste evolved in a similar fashion to the sense of sight.
Gustducin is a heterotrimeric protein composed of the products of the GNAT3 (α-subunit), GNB1 (β-subunit) and GNG13 (γ-subunit).
Discovery
Gustducin was discovered in 1992 when degenerate oligonucleotide primers were synthesized and mixed with a taste tissue cDNA library. The DNA products were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction method, and eight positive clones were shown to encode the α subunits of G-proteins, (which interact with G-protein-coupled receptors). Of these eight, two had previously been shown to encode rod and cone α-transducin. The eighth clone, α-gustducin, was unique to the gustatory tissue.
Comparisons with transducin
Upon analyzing the amino-acid sequence of α-gustducin, it was discovered that α-gustducins and α-transducins were closely related. This work showed that α-gustducin's protein sequence gives it 80% identity to both rod and cone a-transducin. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gs%20alpha%20subunit | {{DISPLAYTITLE:Gs alpha subunit}}
The Gs alpha subunit (Gαs, Gsα) is a subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein Gs that stimulates the cAMP-dependent pathway by activating adenylyl cyclase. Gsα is a GTPase that functions as a cellular signaling protein.
Gsα is the founding member of one of the four families of heterotrimeric G proteins, defined by the alpha subunits they contain: the Gαs family, Gαi/Gαo family, Gαq family, and Gα12/Gα13 family. The Gs-family has only two members: the other member is Golf, named for its predominant expression in the olfactory system. In humans, Gsα is encoded by the GNAS complex locus, while Golfα is encoded by the GNAL gene.
Function
The general function of Gs is to activate intracellular signaling pathways in response to activation of cell surface G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs function as part of a three-component system of receptor-transducer-effector. The transducer in this system is a heterotrimeric G protein, composed of three subunits: a Gα protein such as Gsα, and a complex of two tightly linked proteins called Gβ and Gγ in a Gβγ complex. When not stimulated by a receptor, Gα is bound to GDP and to Gβγ to form the inactive G protein trimer. When the receptor binds an activating ligand outside the cell (such as a hormone or neurotransmitter), the activated receptor acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor to promote GDP release from and GTP binding to Gα, which drives dissociation of GTP-bound Gα from Gβγ. In partic |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gq%20alpha%20subunit | {{DISPLAYTITLE:Gq alpha subunit}}
Gq protein alpha subunit is a family of heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits. This family is also commonly called the Gq/11 (Gq/G11) family or Gq/11/14/15 family to include closely related family members. G alpha subunits may be referred to as Gq alpha, Gαq, or Gqα.
Gq proteins couple to G protein-coupled receptors to activate beta-type phospholipase C (PLC-β) enzymes. PLC-β in turn hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to diacyl glycerol (DAG) and inositol trisphosphate (IP3). IP3 acts as a second messenger to release stored calcium into the cytoplasm, while DAG acts as a second messenger that activates protein kinase C (PKC).
Family members
In humans, there are four distinct proteins in the Gq alpha subunit family:
Gαq is encoded by the gene GNAQ.
Gα11 is encoded by the gene GNA11.
Gα14 is encoded by the gene GNA14.
Gα15 is encoded by the gene GNA15.
Function
The general function of Gq is to activate intracellular signaling pathways in response to activation of cell surface G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs function as part of a three-component system of receptor-transducer-effector. The transducer in this system is a heterotrimeric G protein, composed of three subunits: a Gα protein such as Gαq, and a complex of two tightly linked proteins called Gβ and Gγ in a Gβγ complex. When not stimulated by a receptor, Gα is bound to guanosine diphosphate (GDP) and to Gβγ to form the inactive G protein trime |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggrecanase | Aggrecanases are extracellular proteolytic enzymes that are members of the ADAMTS (A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease with Thrombospondin Motifs) family. Aggrecanases act on large proteoglycans known as aggrecans, which are components of connective tissues such as cartilage. The inappropriate activity of aggrecanase is a mechanism by which cartilage degradation occurs in diseases such as arthritis. At least two forms of aggrecanase exist in humans: ADAMTS4 or aggrecanase-1 and ADAMTS5 or aggrecanase-2. Both proteins contain thrombospondin (TS) motifs required for proper recognition of substrates. Although both proteins can cleave the substrate aggrecan at the same position, they differ in kinetics and in secondary cleavage sites.
References
ADAMTS
EC 3.4.24 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powerchip | Powerchip Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (PSMC) products, in particular memory chips and other integrated circuits. As of 2020, the company was the 7th largest semiconductor foundry in the world with three 12 inch and two 8 inch wafer labs. The company offers foundry services as well as design, manufacturing and test services. It was formerly known as Powerchip Semiconductor Corp. and changed its name in June 2010. Powerchip Technology Corporation was founded in 1994 and is headquartered in Hsinchu, Taiwan.
Overview
In 2017, its net profit was NT$8.08 billion. The company plans to invest NT$278 billion (US$9.04 billion) to build two new 12-inch wafer plants in Hsinchu Science Park, with construction scheduled to start in 2020
In March 2021, Powerchip broke ground on a new factory in Miaoli County that will manufacture chips with 45-nanometer and 50-nanometer technologies. The plant will employ and additional 3,000 workers.
Powerchip is a significant supplier to the automotive industry.
See also
List of semiconductor fabrication plants
List of companies of Taiwan
References
Semiconductor companies of Taiwan
Foundry semiconductor companies
Manufacturing companies based in Hsinchu
Electronics companies established in 1994
Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange
Private equity portfolio companies
Taiwanese brands
Taiwanese companies established in 1994 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular%20microarray | A cellular microarray (or cell microarray) is a laboratory tool that allows for the multiplex interrogation of living cells on the surface of a solid support. The support, sometimes called a "chip", is spotted with varying materials, such as antibodies, proteins, or lipids, which can interact with the cells, leading to their capture on specific spots. Combinations of different materials can be spotted in a given area, allowing not only cellular capture, when a specific interaction exists, but also the triggering of a cellular response, change in phenotype, or detection of a response from the cell, such as a specific secreted factor.
There are a large number of types of cellular microarrays:
Reverse transfection cell microarrays. David M. Sabatini's laboratory developed reverse-transfection cell microarrays at the Whitehead Institute, publishing their work in 2001.
PMHC Cellular Microarrays. This type of microarray were developed by Daniel Chen, Yoav Soen, Dan Kraft, Patrick Brown and Mark Davis at Stanford University Medical Center.
References
Chen DS, Davis MM (2006) Molecular and functional analysis using live cell microarrays. Curr Opin Chem Biol 10:28-34
Chen DS, Soen Y, Stuge TB, Lee PP, Weber JS, Brown PO, Davis MM (2005) Marked Differences in Human Melanoma Antigen-Specific T Cell Responsiveness after Vaccination Using a Functional Microarray. PLoS Med 2: 10: e265 ()
Soen Y., Chen D. S., Kraft D. L., Davis M. M. and Brown P.O. (2003) Detection and character |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-segment | The A-segment is the first category in the passenger car classification system defined by the European Commission. It is used for city cars, the smallest category of passenger cars defined.
A-segment sales represent approximately 7–8% of the market in 2010s. It is approximately equivalent to the kei car class in Japan.
Definition
As of 2021, A-segment category size span from approximately to (photo comparison of new city cars of all brands sorted by length):
Characteristics
Body styles for A-segment cars in Europe are always hatchbacks. But as crossovers gain popularity, new models may shift to resemble crossovers. Such examples are the Suzuki Ignis and the Toyota Aygo X. Other body styles such as sedans are not present in this segment because these shapes largely prove impractical at typical A-segment dimensions.
History
As of 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020, A-segment sales account for 8.1%, 8%, 7.7% and 6.8% market share in Europe respectively.
Current models
In 2020 the ten highest selling A-segment cars in Europe were Fiat Panda, Fiat 500, Toyota Aygo, Renault Twingo, Volkswagen Up!, Hyundai i10, Kia Picanto, Peugeot 108, Citroën C1 and Suzuki Ignis.
100,000 - 200,000 sales (Best-Selling)
50,000 - 100,000 sales
10,000 - 50,000 sales
Sales figures in Europe
Market share in Europe
2019 - In 2019, sales of minicars were down 2% compared to a total market gain of 1% which means this segment now makes up 7.7% of the total European car market at 1.21 million sales |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallenius%27%20noncentral%20hypergeometric%20distribution | In probability theory and statistics, Wallenius' noncentral hypergeometric distribution (named after Kenneth Ted Wallenius) is a generalization of the hypergeometric distribution where items are sampled with bias.
This distribution can be illustrated as an urn model with bias. Assume, for example, that an urn contains m1 red balls and m2 white balls, totalling N = m1 + m2 balls. Each red ball has the weight ω1 and each white ball has the weight ω2. We will say that the odds ratio is ω = ω1 / ω2. Now we are taking n balls, one by one, in such a way that the probability of taking a particular ball at a particular draw is equal to its proportion of the total weight of all balls that lie in the urn at that moment. The number of red balls x1 that we get in this experiment is a random variable with Wallenius' noncentral hypergeometric distribution.
The matter is complicated by the fact that there is more than one noncentral hypergeometric distribution. Wallenius' noncentral hypergeometric distribution is obtained if balls are sampled one by one in such a way that there is competition between the balls. Fisher's noncentral hypergeometric distribution is obtained if the balls are sampled simultaneously or independently of each other. Unfortunately, both distributions are known in the literature as "the" noncentral hypergeometric distribution. It is important to be specific about which distribution is meant when using this name.
The two distributions are both equal to the (central) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRPML | TRPML (transient receptor potential cation channel, mucolipin subfamily) comprises a group of three evolutionarily related proteins that belongs to the large family of transient receptor potential ion channels. The three proteins TRPML1, TRPML2 and TRPML3 are encoded by the mucolipin-1 (MCOLN1), mucolipin-2 (MCOLN2) and mucolipin-3 (MCOLN3) genes, respectively.
The three members of the TRPML ("ML" for mucolipin) sub-family are not extremely well characterized. TRPML1 is known to be localized in late endosomes. This subunit also contains a lipase domain between its S1 and S2 segments. While the function of this domain is unknown it has been proposed that it is involved in channel regulation. Physiological studies have described TRPML1 channels as proton leak channels in lysosomes responsible for preventing these organelles from becoming too acidic. TRPML2 and TRPML3 more poorly characterized than TRPML1.
Deficiencies can lead to enlarged vesicles.
Genes
(TRPML1)
(TRPML2)
(TRPML3)
References
External links
Membrane proteins
Ion channels |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycystin%201 | Polycystin 1 (PC1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PKD1 gene. Mutations of PKD1 are associated with most cases of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, a severe hereditary disorder of the kidneys characterised by the development of renal cysts and severe kidney dysfunction.
Protein structure and function
PC1 is a membrane-bound protein 4303 amino acids in length expressed largely upon the primary cilium, as well as apical membranes, adherens junctions, and desmosomes. It has 11 transmembrane domains, a large extracellular N-terminal domain, and a short (about 200 amino acid) cytoplasmic C-terminal domain. This intracellular domain contains a coiled-coil domain through which PC1 interacts with polycystin 2 (PC2), a membrane-bound Ca2+-permeable ion channel.
PC1 has been proposed to act as a G protein–coupled receptor. The C-terminal domain may be cleaved in a number of different ways. In one instance, a ~35 kDa portion of the tail has been found to accumulate in the cell nucleus in response to decreased fluid flow in the mouse kidney. In another instance, a 15 kDa fragment may be yielded, interacting with transcriptional activator and co-activator STAT6 and p100, or components of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in an inhibitory manner.
The structure of the human PKD1-PKD2 complex has been solved by cryo-electron microscopy, which showed a 1:3 ratio of PKD1 and PKD2 in the structure. PKD1 consists of a voltage-gated ion channel fold that interac |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRPC6 | Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 6, also known as TRPC6, is a human gene encoding a protein of the same name. TRPC6 is a transient receptor potential channel of the classical TRPC subfamily. It has been associated with depression and anxiety (see below), as well as with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS).
Interactions
TRPC6 has been shown to interact with:
FYN,
TRPC2, and
TRPC3.
Ligands
Two of the primary active constituents responsible for the antidepressant and anxiolytic benefits of Hypericum perforatum, also known as St. John's Wort, are hyperforin and adhyperforin. These compounds are inhibitors of the reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and glutamate, and they are reported to exert these effects by binding to and activating TRPC6. Recent results with hyperforin have cast doubt on these findings as similar currents are seen upon Hyperforin treatment regardless of the presence of TRPC6.
References
Further reading
External links
Membrane proteins
Ion channels |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated%20design | Integrated design is a comprehensive holistic approach to design which brings together specialisms usually considered separately. It attempts to take into consideration all the factors and modulations necessary to a decision-making process.
A few examples are the following:
Design of a building which considers whole building design including architecture, structural engineering, passive solar building design and HVAC. The approach may also integrate building lifecycle management and a greater consideration of the end users of the building. The aim of integrated building design is often to produce sustainable architecture.
Design of both a product (or family of products) and the assembly system that will produce it.
Design of an electronic product that considers both hardware and software aspects, although this is often called co-design (not to be confused with participatory design, which is also often called co-design).
The requirement for integrated design comes when the different specialisms are dependent on each other or "coupled". An alternative or complementary approach to integrated design is to consciously reduce the dependencies. In computing and systems design, this approach is known as loose coupling.
Dis-integrated design
Three phenomena are associated with a lack of integrated design:
Silent design: design by default, by omission or by people not aware that they are participating in design activity.
Partial design: design is only used to a limited degree, suc |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ectonucleotidase | Ectonucleotidases consist of families of nucleotide metabolizing enzymes that are expressed on the plasma membrane and have externally oriented active sites. These enzymes metabolize nucleotides to nucleosides. The contribution of ectonucleotidases in the modulation of purinergic signaling depends on the availability and preference of substrates and on cell and tissue distribution.
Classification
Subfamilies of ectonucleotidases include: CD39/NTPDases (ecto-nucleotide triphosphate diphosphohydrolases), Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (NPP)-type ecto-phosphodiesterases, alkaline phosphatases and ecto-5’-nucleotidases/CD73.
Function
Ectonucleotidases produce key molecules for purine salvage and consequent replenishment of ATP stores within multiple cell types. Dephosphorylated nucleoside derivatives interact with membrane transporters to enable intracellular uptake. Ectonucleotidases modulate P2 purinergic signaling, and P1 receptors. In addition, ectonucleotidases generate extracellular adenosine, which abrogates nucleotide-mediated effects and activates adenosine receptors, often with opposing (patho-) physiological effects.
Adenosine generation
The first step in the production of adenosine involves the conversion of ATP/ADP to AMP. It is carried out by ENTPD1, also known as CD39. The second step involves the conversion of AMP to adenosine. It is carried out by NT5E, also known as CD73.
References
Hydrolases
Purinergic signalling |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SR8 | SR8 may refer to:
Radical SR8
Radical Sportscars
Small nucleolar RNA sR8
See also
List of highways numbered 8 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly%20Kiniski | Kelly Kiniski (born May 27, 1960) is a Canadian-born American retired professional wrestler. He is the elder son of the legendary wrestler Gene Kiniski and is best known for his work with Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling and WCCW.
Career
Early career
Kelly Kiniski was trained by his father, former world champion Gene Kiniski. He made his professional debut with Stampede Wrestling on August 1, 1980, in Calgary, defeating Texas Red Miller. On December 26, 1980, he teamed with his father to defeat Moose Morowski and The Destroyer in an NWA All-Star Wrestling tag team match in Vancouver, British Columbia. He spent his first year in the sport competing primarily in Canada, splitting his time between Stampede and NWA All-Star.
Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling and Mid South (1982-1984)
In 1982, Kelly debuted in Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling. but had a short set of matches later that year in Mid South Wrestling before returning to MACW In 1983, he formed a tag team with One Man Gang. They defeated Mike Rotunda and Rufus R. Jones in a tournament final on May 23, 1983, to win the vacant NWA Mid-Atlantic Tag Team Championship. On July 20, 1983, they lost the titles to Rufus R. Jones and Bugsy McGraw. Kelly and OMG challenged Jones and McGraw in several rematches but were unsuccessful in regaining the belts.
World Class Championship Wrestling (1984-1987)
In early 1984, Kelly Kiniski signed for Dallas, Texas based World Class Championship Wrestling which was owned by Fr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%20alpha%20subunit | {{DISPLAYTITLE:Gi alpha subunit}}
Gi protein alpha subunit is a family of heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits. This family is also commonly called the Gi/o (Gi /Go ) family or Gi/o/z/t family to include closely related family members. G alpha subunits may be referred to as Gi alpha, Gαi, or Giα.
Family members
There are four distinct subtypes of alpha subunits in the Gi/o/z/t alpha subunit family that define four families of heterotrimeric G proteins:
Gi proteins: Gi1α, Gi2α, and Gi3α
Go protein: Goα (in mouse there is alternative splicing to generate Go1α and Go2α)
Gz protein: Gzα
Transducins (Gt proteins): Gt1α, Gt2α, Gt3α
Giα proteins
Gi1α
Gi1α is encoded by the gene GNAI1.
Gi2α
Gi2α is encoded by the gene GNAI2.
Gi3α
Gi3α is encoded by the gene GNAI3.
Goα protein
Go1α is encoded by the gene GNAO1.
Gzα protein
Gzα is encoded by the gene GNAZ.
Transducin proteins
Gt1α
Transducin/Gt1α is encoded by the gene GNAT1.
Gt2α
Transducin 2/Gt2α is encoded by the gene GNAT2.
Gt3α
Gustducin/Gt3α is encoded by the gene GNAT3.
Function
The general function of Gi/o/z/t is to activate intracellular signaling pathways in response to activation of cell surface G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs function as part of a three-component system of receptor-transducer-effector. The transducer in this system is a heterotrimeric G protein, composed of three subunits: a Gα protein such as Giα, and a complex of two tightly linked proteins called Gβ and Gγ |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%20instruction%20set%20computing | No instruction set computing (NISC) is a computing architecture and compiler technology for designing highly efficient custom processors and hardware accelerators by allowing a compiler to have low-level control of hardware resources.
Overview
NISC is a statically scheduled horizontal nanocoded architecture (SSHNA). The term "statically scheduled" means that the operation scheduling and Hazard handling are done by a compiler. The term "horizontal nanocoded" means that NISC does not have any predefined instruction set or microcode. The compiler generates nanocodes which directly control functional units, registers and multiplexers of a given datapath. Giving low-level control to the compiler enables better utilization of datapath resources, which ultimately result in better performance. The benefits of NISC technology are:
Simpler controller: no hardware scheduler, no instruction decoder
Better performance: more flexible architecture, better resource utilization
Easier to design: no need for designing instruction-sets
The instruction set and controller of processors are the most tedious and time-consuming parts to design. By eliminating these two, design of custom processing elements become significantly easier.
Furthermore, the datapath of NISC processors can even be generated automatically for a given application. Therefore, designer's productivity is improved significantly.
Since NISC datapaths are very efficient and can be generated automatically, NISC technology i |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem%20Cell%20Research%20Enhancement%20Act | Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act was the name of two similar bills that both passed through the United States House of Representatives and Senate, but were both vetoed by President George W. Bush and were not enacted into law.
Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act of 2005
The Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act of 2005 () was the first bill ever vetoed by United States President George W. Bush, more than five years after his inauguration. The bill, which passed both houses of Congress, but by less than the two-thirds majority needed to override the veto, would have allowed federal funding of stem cell research on new lines of stem cells derived from discarded human embryos created for fertility treatments.
The bill passed the House of Representatives by a vote of 238 to 194 on May 24, 2005., then passed the Senate by a vote of 63 to 37 on July 18, 2006. President Bush vetoed the bill on July 19, 2006. The House of Representatives then failed to override the veto (235 to 193) on July 19, 2006.
Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act of 2007
The Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act of 2007 (), was proposed federal legislation that would have amended the Public Health Service Act to provide for human embryonic stem cell research. It was similar in content to the vetoed Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act of 2005.
The bill passed the Senate on April 11, 2007, by a vote of 63–34, then passed the House on June 7, 2007, by a vote of 247–176. President Bush vetoed the bill on June 19, 200 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffused%20junction%20transistor | A diffused junction transistor is a transistor formed by diffusing dopants into a semiconductor substrate. The diffusion process was developed later than the alloy junction and grown junction processes for making bipolar junction transistors (BJTs).
Bell Labs developed the first prototype diffused junction bipolar transistors in 1954.
Diffused-base transistor
The earliest diffused junction transistors were diffused-base transistors. These transistors still had alloy emitters and sometimes alloy collectors like the earlier alloy-junction transistors. Only the base was diffused into the substrate. Sometimes the substrate formed the collector, but in transistors like Philco's micro-alloy diffused transistors the substrate was the bulk of the base.
Double diffusion
At Bell Labs Calvin Souther Fuller produced basic physical understanding of a means of directly forming the emitter, base, and collector by double diffusion. The method was summarized in a history of science at Bell:
"Fuller had shown that acceptors of low atomic weight diffuse more rapidly than donors, which made possible n–p–n structures by simultaneous diffusion of donors and acceptors of appropriately different surface concentrations. The first n layer (the emitter) was formed because of the greater surface concentration of the donor (for example, antimony). The base formed beyond it because of the more rapid diffusion of the acceptor (for example, aluminum). The inner (collector) boundary of the base appeared w |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazur%27s%20lemma | In mathematics, Mazur's lemma is a result in the theory of normed vector spaces. It shows that any weakly convergent sequence in a normed space has a sequence of convex combinations of its members that converges strongly to the same limit, and is used in the proof of Tonelli's theorem.
Statement of the lemma
Let be a normed vector space and let be a sequence in that converges weakly to some in :
That is, for every continuous linear functional the continuous dual space of
Then there exists a function and a sequence of sets of real numbers
such that and
such that the sequence defined by the convex combination
converges strongly in to ; that is
See also
References
Banach spaces
Theorems involving convexity
Theorems in functional analysis
Lemmas in analysis
Compactness theorems |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesium%20cadmium%20chloride | Caesium cadmium chloride (CsCdCl3) is a synthetic crystalline material. It belongs to the AMX3 group (where A=alkali metal, M=bivalent metal, X=halogen ions). It crystallizes in a hexagonal space group P63/mmc with unit cell lengths a = 7.403 Å and c = 18.406 Å, with one cadmium ion having D3d symmetry and the other having C3v symmetry.
It is formed when an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid containing an equimolar solution of caesium chloride and cadmium chloride.
References
Metal halides
Crystals
Optical materials
Caesium compounds
Cadmium compounds
Chlorides |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonelli%27s%20theorem%20%28functional%20analysis%29 | In mathematics, Tonelli's theorem in functional analysis is a fundamental result on the weak lower semicontinuity of nonlinear functionals on Lp spaces. As such, it has major implications for functional analysis and the calculus of variations. Roughly, it shows that weak lower semicontinuity for integral functionals is equivalent to convexity of the integral kernel. The result is attributed to the Italian mathematician Leonida Tonelli.
Statement of the theorem
Let be a bounded domain in -dimensional Euclidean space and let be a continuous extended real-valued function. Define a nonlinear functional on functions by
Then is sequentially weakly lower semicontinuous on the space for and weakly-∗ lower semicontinuous on if and only if the function defined by
is convex.
See also
References
(Theorem 10.16)
Calculus of variations
Convex analysis
Function spaces
Measure theory
Theorems in functional analysis
Variational analysis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic%20theory%20%28dentistry%29 | In dentistry, the hydrodynamic or fluid movement theory is one of three main theories developed to explain dentine hypersensitivity, which is a sharp, transient pain arising from stimuli exposure. It states that different types of stimuli act on exposed dentine, causing increased fluid flow through the dentinal tubules. In response to this movement, mechanoreceptors on the pulp nerves trigger the acute, temporary pain of dentine hypersensitivity.
The fluid flow mechanism behind hydrodynamic theory was first introduced by Alfred Gysi in 1900, and subsequently developed by Martin Brännström in the 1960s through a series of experimental studies.
Further supporting evidence has since been collected from epidemiological surveys and experimental data comparing dentinal tubule numbers in hypersensitive and non-hypersensitive teeth.
Alternate theories include the “dentine innervation” and “odontoblast transduction” theories, both of which lack substantial supporting evidence. The hydrodynamic theory is currently the accepted explanation for dentine hypersensitivity, upon which several treatment and diagnostic strategies have been built by dental practitioners.
Overview of theory
The hydrodynamic theory proposes that when dentinal tubules are exposed at the pulp and dentine surface, external stimuli cause changes in fluid flow. Dentinal tubules may become exposed due to various reasons: e.g. dental erosion, enamel loss and periodontal diseases.
When exposed dentinal tubules are t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydropneumothorax | Hydropneumothorax is defined as the presence of both air and fluid within the pleural space. An upright chest x-ray will show air fluid levels. The horizontal fluid level is usually well defined and extends across the whole length of one of the hemithorax.
Signs and symptoms
This can be remembered by the 4 'S':
straight line dullness,
shifting dullness,
splash,
sound of coin.
Causes
Iatrogenic: Introduction of air during pleural fluid aspiration in effusion
Presence of a gas-forming organism
Thoracic trauma
Diagnosis
Diagnosis can be via CXR. CT is better to outline borders of air fluid levels, however, CT has a greater radiation exposure.
Treatment
Treatment includes ICD (intercostal drainage) of fluid and air and treatment of underlying conditions.
References
External links
Diseases of pleura |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browder%E2%80%93Minty%20theorem | In mathematics, the Browder–Minty theorem (sometimes called the Minty–Browder theorem) states that a bounded, continuous, coercive and monotone function T from a real, separable reflexive Banach space X into its continuous dual space X∗ is automatically surjective. That is, for each continuous linear functional g ∈ X∗, there exists a solution u ∈ X of the equation T(u) = g. (Note that T itself is not required to be a linear map.)
The theorem is named in honor of Felix Browder and George J. Minty, who independently proved it.
See also
Pseudo-monotone operator; pseudo-monotone operators obey a near-exact analogue of the Browder–Minty theorem.
References
(Theorem 10.49)
Banach spaces
Theorems in functional analysis
Operator theory |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RF%20and%20microwave%20filter | Radio frequency (RF) and microwave filters represent a class of electronic filter, designed to operate on signals in the megahertz to gigahertz frequency ranges (medium frequency to extremely high frequency). This frequency range is the range used by most broadcast radio, television, wireless communication (cellphones, Wi-Fi, etc.), and thus most RF and microwave devices will include some kind of filtering on the signals transmitted or received. Such filters are commonly used as building blocks for duplexers and diplexers to combine or separate multiple frequency bands.
Filter functions
Four general filter functions are desirable:
Band-pass filter: select only a desired band of frequencies
Band-stop filter: eliminate an undesired band of frequencies
Low-pass filter: allow only frequencies below a cutoff frequency to pass
High-pass filter: allow only frequencies above a cutoff frequency to pass
Filter technologies
In general, most RF and microwave filters are most often made up of one or more coupled resonators, and thus any technology that can be used to make resonators can also be used to make filters. The unloaded quality factor of the resonators being used will generally set the selectivity the filter can achieve. The book by Matthaei, Young and Jones provides a good reference to the design and realization of RF and microwave filters. Generalized filter theory operates with resonant frequencies and coupling coefficients of coupled resonators in a microwave filter. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SR27 | SR27 or similar terms may refer to:
Various highways named "State Route 27" or "State Road 27", see List of highways numbered 27
Sr27 (gene), a rye immunity gene found in some Triticeae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial%20gene%20synthesis | Artificial gene synthesis, or simply gene synthesis, refers to a group of methods that are used in synthetic biology to construct and assemble genes from nucleotides de novo. Unlike DNA synthesis in living cells, artificial gene synthesis does not require template DNA, allowing virtually any DNA sequence to be synthesized in the laboratory. It comprises two main steps, the first of which is solid-phase DNA synthesis, sometimes known as DNA printing. This produces oligonucleotide fragments that are generally under 200 base pairs. The second step then involves connecting these oligonucleotide fragments using various DNA assembly methods. Because artificial gene synthesis does not require template DNA, it is theoretically possible to make a completely synthetic DNA molecule with no limits on the nucleotide sequence or size.
Synthesis of the first complete gene, a yeast tRNA, was demonstrated by Har Gobind Khorana and coworkers in 1972. Synthesis of the first peptide- and protein-coding genes was performed in the laboratories of Herbert Boyer and Alexander Markham, respectively. More recently, artificial gene synthesis methods have been developed that will allow the assembly of entire chromosomes and genomes. The first synthetic yeast chromosome was synthesised in 2014, and entire functional bacterial chromosomes have also been synthesised. In addition, artificial gene synthesis could in the future make use of novel nucleobase pairs (unnatural base pairs).
Standard methods for |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal%20ocean%20dynamics%20applications%20radar | Coastal ocean dynamics applications radar (CODAR) describes a type of portable, land-based, high frequency (HF) radar developed between 1973 and 1983 at NOAA's Wave Propagation Laboratory in Boulder, Colorado. CODAR is a noninvasive system that permits to measure and map near-surface ocean currents in coastal waters. It is transportable and offers output ocean current maps on site in near real time. Moreover, using CODAR it is possible to measure waves heights and it provides an indirect estimate of local wind direction.
Equipment
CODAR utilizes a compact antenna system that consists of crossed loops and a whip for receiving and a whip for transmitting radio pulses.
The system can be transported by vehicle and it is capable of being operated from a portable power supply; for modern instrumentation a minimum capacity of 1050 Watts is recommended.
CODAR is capable of operating in virtually all weather conditions (it can tolerate temperatures from 0 °F (-18 °C) to 90 °F (32 °C) ) and the relatively small dimensions of the antenna system allow CODAR deployment even in highly populated and rocky coastal areas. However, as the signal is rapidly attenuated by land, the antenna has to be mounted as close to the water surface as possible.
The Operating Frequency Range of modern equipments goes from 3 to 50 MHz and it can be programmed for unattended operation for periods of up to two weeks.
The main equipment is cabled to the electronic segment, that is housed near-by in a shelte |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam%20Donahue | Samuel Koontz Donahue (March 18, 1918 – March 22, 1974) was an American jazz saxophonist, trumpeter, and musical arranger. He performed with Gene Krupa, Tommy Dorsey, Benny Goodman, Billy May, Woody Herman, and Stan Kenton.
Biography
Donahue was born in Detroit, Michigan, United States. He put together his first band when he was only 15 years old. Donahue played in the bands of Gene Krupa, Harry James, and Benny Goodman. During World War II, Donahue took over the US Navy band of Artie Shaw. In an All About Jazz article, Marc Myers stated that “Donahue's Navy Band was easily one of the most swinging bands of the war.” After the war, he assembled and led a group that recorded “extensively” for Capitol Records. Trumpeters Harry Gozzard and Doc Severinsen, Wayne Herdell, arranger Leo Reisman and vocalists Frances Wayne and Jo Stafford were some of the members included in the new band. It dissolved in 1951 when Donahue re-enlisted in the Navy to serve in the Korean War.
It is mentioned in Donahue’s IMDb bio and also in an UPROXX article that Frank Sinatra Jr. was a vocalist for Donahue. According to a DownBeat article, “he began performing in his mid-teens for the Sam Donahue band.” Sinatra later mentioned that the majority of what he learned about singing was learned through the time he spent with Donahue and the other musicians in the band. Incidentally, Sinatra Jr. was kidnapped in Lake Tahoe while on tour with Donahue. His father Frank Sinatra paid the $240,000 ransom which |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDOE | WDOE is an AM/FM radio station located in Dunkirk, New York. It is owned by Alan Bishop and George Kimble, who also own sister station WBKX in Fredonia. The station operates on an AM frequency of 1410 kHz. On December 7, 2012, WDOE began simulcasting on an FM translator at 94.9 MHz. On November 5, 2020, it added a second FM signal at 101.5 MHz. The station then dropped is 94.9 FM signal in the spring of 2022.
WDOE operates a mostly automated classic hits format and features two local newsmen, Dave Rowley and Greg Larson. Dan Palmer hosts the morning show from 6:00-8:45 AM, and Dave hosts "Viewpoint," a daily 15-minute public affairs program. The station also broadcasts local high school football, basketball, baseball, and softball games, mainly for Dunkirk and Fredonia high schools.
On Saturdays, WDOE broadcasts the nationally syndicated Backtrax USA from 5:00-7:00 PM and American Top 40: The 1970s from 7:00-10:00 PM. Sunday mornings at 10:00 AM, local personality Tina Zboch hosts an hour-long polka show.
WDOE also serves as an affiliate of ABC News and Buffalo Bills football. Former Bills announcer Van Miller was one of the station's first employees.
Danny Neaverth also worked at the station in the late 1950s.
External links
WDOE Official Website
DOE |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Hawthorne%20%28footballer%29 | Mark David Hawthorne (born 31 October 1973) is a Scottish former professional footballer. He was born in Glasgow.
Hawthorne began his career as a junior with Crystal Palace, turning professional in June 1992. He moved to Sheffield United on a free transfer in August 1994 after failing break into the first team at Selhurst Park. He played three times in the club's Anglo-Italian cup side, but was released later that season again having failed to make his league debut.
He joined Walsall on non-contract terms before moving to Torquay United in March 1995, making his league debut later that season. He was released in the summer of 1997 by Torquay head coach Kevin Hodges after making 58 league appearances. He joined Hayes, but by the end of September had moved to Crawley Town where he made 113 appearances and scored 13 goals. He moved to Slough Town, but returned to Crawley on 3 November 2000 when the travelling to Slough became too much for him. He was released by Crawley at the end of the 2000–2001 season, and after proving his fitness in a trial period, rejoined Slough Town in August 2001.
Hawthorne left Slough to join Carshalton Athletic in November 2002, but left in June 2004, after playing 34 games, to try to find a club closer to his Horsham home. He joined Worthing for pre-season training and again on trial in September 2004.
In January 2005, Hawthorne signed for Burgess Hill Town, but signed for Horsham later that year and was part of the Horsham side during the 2005-0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%20mover%27s%20distance | In computer science, the earth mover's distance (EMD) is a distance-like measure of dissimilarity between two frequency distributions, densities, or measures over a region D.
For probability distributions and normalized histograms, it reduces to the Wasserstein metric .
Informally, if the distributions are interpreted as two different ways of piling up earth (dirt) over the region D, the EMD captures the minimum cost of building the smaller pile using dirt taken from the larger, where cost is defined as the amount of dirt moved multiplied by the ground distance over which it is moved.
Theory
Assume that we have a set of points in (dimension ). Instead of assigning one distribution to the set of points, we can cluster them and represent the point set in terms of the clusters. Thus, each cluster is a single point in and the weight of the cluster is decided by the fraction of the distribution present in that cluster. This representation of a distribution by a set of clusters is called the signature. Two signatures can have different sizes, for example, a bimodal distribution has shorter signature (2 clusters) than complex ones. One cluster representation (mean or mode in ) can be thought of as a single feature in a signature. The distance between each of the features is called as ground distance.
The Earth Mover's Distance can be formulated and solved as a transportation problem. Suppose that several suppliers, each with a given amount of goods, are required to supply severa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning%20Hall%20probe%20microscope | Scanning Hall probe microscope (SHPM) is a variety of a scanning probe microscope which incorporates accurate sample approach and positioning of the scanning tunnelling microscope with a semiconductor Hall sensor. Developed in 1996 by Oral, Bending and Henini, SHPM allows mapping the magnetic induction associated with a sample. Current state of the art SHPM systems utilize 2D electron gas materials (e.g. GaAs/AlGaAs) to provide high spatial resolution (~300 nm) imaging with high magnetic field sensitivity. Unlike the magnetic force microscope the SHPM provides direct quantitative information on the magnetic state of a material. The SHPM can also image magnetic induction under applied fields up to ~1 tesla and over a wide range of temperatures (millikelvins to 300 K).
The SHPM can be used to image many types of magnetic structures such as thin films, permanent magnets, MEMS structures, current carrying traces on PCBs, permalloy disks, and recording media
Advantages to other magnetic raster scanning methods
SHPM is a superior magnetic imaging technique due to many reasons. Although MFM provides higher spatial resolution (~30 nm) imaging, unlike the MFM technique, the Hall probe exerts negligible force on the underlying magnetic structure and is noninvasive. Unlike the magnetic decoration technique, the same area can be scanned over and over again. The magnetic field caused by hall probe is so minimal it has a negligible effect on sample it is measuring. The sample does not |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WKAC | WKAC (1080 AM, "The Big 1080") is a radio station in Athens, Alabama, United States, broadcasting on the 1080 kHz frequency. The station is owned by Limestone Broadcasting Company, Inc. It primarily serves the Huntsville, Alabama, market.
Programming
The station plays a mix of local programming and classic hits. Weekday programming includes "Morning Drive with Ken Fox," "Sick Call" hosted by Jay Hudson, "The Classifieds," late mornings with "The Morning Show with Ken and Kirk," middays with Tim Lambert's "Goodtime Gold Midday Show," and afternoons with Kirk Harvey. "Sick Call" is a daily program that announces recent deaths and people in the hospital, a common practice among old-line small-town Southern radio stations; the show first aired in 1953 on WJMW. "The Classifieds," formerly known as "Swap 'n' Shop," is a live call-in tradio show for listing items or services for sale, another Southern radio tradition. The music is an oldies format, which airs throughout the broadcast day. Because of regulations imposed by the Federal Communications Commission to protect WKAC from interfering with signals from nighttime "clear channel" stations elsewhere in the country, WKAC is required to sign off before sunset.
Weekend programming includes a mix of music and local shows. Notable weekend shows include "Applebee's Tailgate Talk" on Saturday mornings. WKAC began internet streaming in 2011, which enables the station to continue programming in the evening and overnight hours after t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock%20market%20index%20option | Stock market index option is a type of option, a financial derivative, that is based on stock indices like the S&P 500 or the Dow Jones Industrial Average. They give an investor the right to buy or sell the underlying stock index for a defined time period. Because index options are based on a large basket of stocks, investors are able to gain exposure to the market as a whole and take advantage of diversification. Index options may be tied to the price of either "broad-based indexes" like the S&P 500 or the Russell 3000 or to "narrow-based indexes", which are limited to a particular industry.
The global market for exchange-traded stock market index options is notionally valued by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) at $368,900 million in 2005. A stock index option provides the right to trade a specific stock index at a specified price by a specified expiration date. A call option on a stock index gives you the right to buy the index, and a put option on a stock index gives you the right to sell the index. Options on stock indexes are similar to exchange-traded funds (ETFs), the difference being that ETF values change throughout the day whereas the value on stock index options change at the end of each trading day. Therefore, profit/loss on an index option is based on the market's closing price for the day, not on any price during the market's open hours. If an index option is exercised before the close of the market, the buyer of the option will in- or out-of-the- |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinocervical%20pathway | The spinocervical pathway is a four-neuron, fast-conducting, tactile/pressure pathway from the spinal cord to sensory cortex. It involves the primary sensory neuron in the dorsal root ganglion, second order cell in the dorsal horn, third order cell in the lateral cervical nucleus near C1 and C2, and a fourth order cell in VPL thalamus.
It is well developed in the cat, but vestigial in humans.
References
Central nervous system pathways |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod%20calculus | Rod calculus or rod calculation was the mechanical method of algorithmic computation with counting rods in China from the Warring States to Ming dynasty before the counting rods were increasingly replaced by the more convenient and faster abacus. Rod calculus played a key role in the development of Chinese mathematics to its height in Song Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty, culminating in the invention
of polynomial equations of up to four unknowns in the work of Zhu Shijie.
Hardware
The basic equipment for carrying out rod calculus is a bundle of counting rods and a counting board. The counting rods are usually made of bamboo sticks, about 12 cm- 15 cm in length, 2mm to 4 mm diameter, sometimes from animal bones, or ivory and jade (for well-heeled merchants). A counting board could be a table top, a wooden board with or without grid, on the floor or on sand.
In 1971 Chinese archaeologists unearthed a bundle of well-preserved animal bone counting rods stored in a silk pouch from a tomb in Qian Yang county in Shanxi province, dated back to the first half of Han dynasty (206 BC – 8AD). In 1975 a bundle of bamboo counting rods was unearthed.
The use of counting rods for rod calculus flourished in the Warring States, although no archaeological artefacts were found earlier than the Western Han Dynasty (the first half of Han dynasty; however, archaeologists did unearth software artefacts of rod calculus dated back to the Warring States); since the rod calculus software must have gone alo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YMFC | YMFC may refer to:
Yorkshire Main F.C.
23S rRNA pseudouridine2457 synthase, an enzyme
Young Ministers For Christ |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAFB | MAFB can refer to:
MAFB, a human gene that encodes the MafB transcription factor
March Joint Air Reserve Base (March Air Force Base)
Maxwell Air Force Base in Montgomery, Alabama
Minot Air Force Base in Minot, North Dakota
Moody Air Force Base in Valdosta, Georgia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephrin | Ephrins (also known as ephrin ligands or Eph family receptor interacting proteins) are a family of proteins that serve as the ligands of the Eph receptor. Eph receptors in turn compose the largest known subfamily of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases (RTKs).
Since ephrin ligands (ephrins) and Eph receptors (Ephs) are both membrane-bound proteins, binding and activation of Eph/ephrin intracellular signaling pathways can only occur via direct cell–cell interaction. Eph/ephrin signaling regulates a variety of biological processes during embryonic development including the guidance of axon growth cones, formation of tissue boundaries, cell migration, and segmentation. Additionally, Eph/ephrin signaling has been identified to play a critical role in the maintenance of several processes during adulthood including long-term potentiation, angiogenesis, and stem cell differentiation.
Classification
Ephrin ligands are divided into two subclasses of ephrin-A and ephrin-B based on their structure and linkage to the cell membrane. Ephrin-As are anchored to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linkage and lack a cytoplasmic domain, while ephrin-Bs are attached to the membrane by a single transmembrane domain that contains a short cytoplasmic PDZ-binding motif. The genes that encode the ephrin-A and ephrin-B proteins are designated as EFNA and EFNB respectively. Eph receptors in turn are classified as either EphAs or EphBs based on their binding affinity for either the e |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaphorase | Diaphorase may refer to:
Cytochrome b5 reductase, an enzyme
NADH dehydrogenase, an enzyme
NADPH dehydrogenase, an enzyme |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaibasauridae | Guaibasauridae is a family of basal sauropodomorph dinosaurs, known from fossil remains of late Triassic period formations in Brazil and Argentina.
Classification
The exact makeup and classification of the Guaibasauridae remain uncertain. The family was originally named by Jose Bonaparte and colleagues in 1999 to contain a single genus and species, Guaibasaurus candelariensis. When the second specimen of Guaibasaurus was described from better remains in 2007, it became easier to compare it to other enigmatic early saurischians, which are often difficult to classify because they combine characteristics of the two major saurischian groups, Theropoda and Sauropodomorpha. Bonaparte and colleagues, in light of the information gained from this second specimen, found that the genus Saturnalia (which is anatomically very similar to Guaibasaurus) could also be assigned to the Guaibasauridae, though they did not conduct a phylogenetic analysis or define Guaibasauridae as a clade. The researchers also tentatively assigned the poorly understood genus Agnosphitys to this family. However, the latter assignment was not supported by the results of the phylogenetic analyses of early dinosaurs that were carried out by Baron, Norman & Barrett (2017).
Bonaparte and colleagues (2007) found that guaibasaurids have more characteristics in common with theropods than they do with early sauropodomorphs (or "prosauropods"). Because of this, according to Bonaparte, they are most likely either a very b |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20receptor%20coactivator%201 | The nuclear receptor coactivator 1 (NCOA1) is a transcriptional coregulatory protein that contains several nuclear receptor interacting domains and an intrinsic histone acetyltransferase activity. NCOA1 is recruited to DNA promotion sites by ligand-activated nuclear receptors. NCOA1, in turn, acylates histones, which makes downstream DNA more accessible to transcription. Hence, NCOA1 assists nuclear receptors in the upregulation of DNA expression.
NCOA1 is also frequently called steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1).
Interactions
Nuclear receptor coactivator 1 possesses a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain and has been shown to interact with:
Androgen receptor,
C-Fos,
C-jun,
CIITA,
CREB-binding protein,
Cyclin D1,
DDX17,
DDX5 and
Estrogen receptor alpha,
Glucocorticoid receptor,
NFKB1,
PCAF,
PPARGC1A,
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha,
SNW1,
STAT3,
STAT6,
TRIP4, and
Thyroid hormone receptor beta.
References
External links
Further reading
Transcription coregulators
PAS-domain-containing proteins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geopolymer | Geopolymers are inorganic, typically ceramic, alumino-silicate forming long-range, covalently bonded, non-crystalline (amorphous) networks. Obsidian (volcanic glass) fragments are a component of some geopolymer blends. Commercially produced geopolymers may be used for fire- and heat-resistant coatings and adhesives, medicinal applications, high-temperature ceramics, new binders for fire-resistant fiber composites, toxic and radioactive waste encapsulation and new cements for concrete. The properties and uses of geopolymers are being explored in many scientific and industrial disciplines: modern inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry, colloid chemistry, mineralogy, geology, and in other types of engineering process technologies. The field of geopolymers is a part of polymer science, chemistry and technology that forms one of the major areas of materials science.
Polymers are either organic material, i.e. carbon-based, or inorganic polymer, for example silicon-based. The organic polymers comprise the classes of natural polymers (rubber, cellulose), synthetic organic polymers (textile fibers, plastics, films, elastomers, etc.) and natural biopolymers (biology, medicine, pharmacy). Raw materials used in the synthesis of silicon-based polymers are mainly rock-forming minerals of geological origin, hence the name: geopolymer. Joseph Davidovits coined the term in 1978 and created the non profit French scientific institution (Association Loi 1901) Institut Géopolymère (Geopolymer |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20receptor%20coactivator%202 | The nuclear receptor coactivator 2 also known as NCoA-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCOA2 gene. NCoA-2 is also frequently called glucocorticoid receptor-interacting protein 1 (GRIP1), steroid receptor coactivator-2 (SRC-2), or transcriptional mediators/intermediary factor 2 (TIF2).
Function
NCoA-2 is a transcriptional coregulatory protein that contains several nuclear receptor interacting domains and an intrinsic histone acetyltransferase activity. NCOA2 is recruited to DNA promotion sites by ligand-activated nuclear receptors. NCOA2 in turn acetylates histones, which makes downstream DNA more accessible to transcription. Hence, NCOA2 assists nuclear receptors in the upregulation of DNA expression.
GRIP1 is a transcriptional co-activator of the glucocorticoid receptor and interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1).
Interactions
Nuclear receptor coactivator 2 has been shown to interact with:
AR,
ARNT,
BRCA1,
DDX17,
DDX5,
ESR1,
NR3C1,
PPFIA4,
PPARG,
RXRA,
SRA1, and
VDR.
References
Further reading
External links
Transcription coregulators
PAS-domain-containing proteins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRIP1 | GRIP1 may refer to:
Nuclear receptor coactivator 2
GRIP1 (gene)
Glutamate receptor-interacting protein (GRIP) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20receptor%20coactivator%203 | The nuclear receptor coactivator 3 also known as NCOA3 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the NCOA3 gene. NCOA3 is also frequently called 'amplified in breast 1' (AIB1), steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3), or thyroid hormone receptor activator molecule 1 (TRAM-1).
Function
NCOA3 is a transcriptional coactivator protein that contains several nuclear receptor interacting domains and an intrinsic histone acetyltransferase activity. NCOA3 is recruited to DNA promotion sites by ligand-activated nuclear receptors. NCOA3, in turn, acylates histones, which makes downstream DNA more accessible to transcription. Hence, NCOA3 assists nuclear receptors in the upregulation of gene expression.
Clinical significance
The ratio of PAX2 to AIB-1 protein expression may be predictive of the effectiveness of tamoxifen in breast cancer treatment.
Several molecular mechanisms implicate NCOA3 (AIB1) in the endocrine therapy resistance (depicted in the figure). Signaling pathways or mutations (i.e. HER2/neu overexpression, activating mutations in PIK3CA (PI3K), activating mutations in the proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src, etc.) that lead to persistent activation of ERK and/or PIK3CA/AKT kinase pathways result, in one hand in an enhanced AIB1 transcriptional coactivation capacity, and in the other hand in the inhibition of the proteasome-dependent AIB1 turn-over and therefore, in AIB1 overexpression. In both conditions, the equilibrium of estrogen receptor (ER) complex |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20receptor%20co-repressor%201 | The nuclear receptor co-repressor 1 also known as thyroid-hormone- and retinoic-acid-receptor-associated co-repressor 1 (TRAC-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCOR1 gene.
NCOR1 is a transcriptional coregulatory protein which contains several nuclear receptor interacting domains. In addition, NCOR1 appears to recruit histone deacetylases to DNA promoter regions. Hence NCOR1 assists nuclear receptors in the down regulation of gene expression.
Loss of function of this protein significantly increases the strength and power of mouse muscles.
Family
It is a member of the family of nuclear receptor corepressors; the other human protein that is a member of that family is Nuclear receptor co-repressor 2.
Interactions
Nuclear receptor co-repressor 1 has been shown to interact with:
Androgen receptor,
CHD1,
Calcitriol receptor
GPS2,
Glucocorticoid receptor,
HDAC3,
HDAC4,
HDAC7A,
HDAC9,
HEY2,
Histone deacetylase 5,
MAP3K7IP2,
MECP2,
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha,
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
Promyelocytic leukemia protein,
RUNX1T1,
Retinoic acid receptor alpha,
Retinoic acid receptor gamma,
SAP30,
TBL1XR1,
TBL1X, and
ZBTB33.
Further reading
References
External links
Transcription coregulators |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20receptor%20co-repressor%202 | The nuclear receptor co-repressor 2 () is a transcriptional coregulatory protein that contains several nuclear receptor-interacting domains. In addition, NCOR2 appears to recruit histone deacetylases to DNA promoter regions. Hence NCOR2 assists nuclear receptors in the down regulation of target gene expression. NCOR2 is also referred to as a silencing mediator for retinoid or thyroid-hormone receptors (SMRT) or T3 receptor-associating cofactor 1 (TRAC-1).
Function
NCOR2/SMRT is a transcriptional coregulatory protein that contains several modulatory functional domains including multiple autonomous repression domains as well as two or three C-terminal nuclear receptor-interacting domains. NCOR2/SMRT serves as a repressive coregulatory factor (corepressor) for multiple transcription factor pathways. In this regard, NCOR2/SMRT functions as a platform protein, facilitating the recruitment of histone deacetylases to the DNA promoters bound by its interacting transcription factors.
Family
It is a member of the family of nuclear receptor corepressors; the other human protein that is a member of that family is Nuclear receptor co-repressor 1.
Discovery
SMRT was initially cloned and characterized in the laboratory of Dr. Ronald M. Evans at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies. In another early investigation into this molecule, similar findings were reported in a variant referred to as TRAC-1.
Interactions
Nuclear receptor co-repressor 2 has been shown to interact with |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corepressor | In genetics and molecular biology, a corepressor is a molecule that represses the expression of genes. In prokaryotes, corepressors are small molecules whereas in eukaryotes, corepressors are proteins. A corepressor does not directly bind to DNA, but instead indirectly regulates gene expression by binding to repressors.
A corepressor downregulates (or represses) the expression of genes by binding to and activating a repressor transcription factor. The repressor in turn binds to a gene's operator sequence (segment of DNA to which a transcription factor binds to regulate gene expression), thereby blocking transcription of that gene.
Function
Prokaryotes
In prokaryotes, the term corepressor is used to denote the activating ligand of a repressor protein. For example, the E. coli tryptophan repressor (TrpR) is only able to bind to DNA and repress transcription of the trp operon when its corepressor tryptophan is bound to it. TrpR in the absence of tryptophan is known as an aporepressor and is inactive in repressing gene transcription. Trp operon encodes enzymes responsible for the synthesis of tryptophan. Hence TrpR provides a negative feedback mechanism that regulates the biosynthesis of tryptophan.
In short tryptophan acts as a corepressor for its own biosynthesis.
Eukaryotes
In eukaryotes, a corepressor is a protein that binds to transcription factors. In the absence of corepressors and in the presence of coactivators, transcription factors upregulate gene express |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura%20%281945%20song%29 | "Laura" is a 1945 popular song. The music, composed by David Raksin for the 1944 movie Laura, which starred Gene Tierney and Dana Andrews, is heard frequently in the movie. The film's director, Otto Preminger, had originally wanted to use Duke Ellington's "Sophisticated Lady" as the theme, but Raksin was not convinced that it was suitable. Angered, Preminger gave Raksin one weekend to compose an alternative melody. Raksin later said, and maintained for the rest of his days, that when, over that weekend, his wife sent him a "Dear John" letter, the haunting theme seemed to write itself.
The lyrics were written by Johnny Mercer after the film made the tune popular, so he had to title the song "Laura". According to Mercer, he had not yet seen the movie when he wrote the lyrics but was aware that it was a romantic, somewhat haunting story.
Laura is the face in the misty light, footsteps that you hear down the hall
The laugh that floats on the summer night that you can never quite recall
And you see Laura on a train that is passing through, those eyes how familiar they seem
She gave your very first kiss to you, that was Laura but she's only a dream
The song became a jazz standard and has been recorded more than 400 times. Some of the best-known versions are by Woody Herman, Dave Brubeck, Johnny Johnston, Emil Newman, David Rose, Billy Eckstine, Charlie Parker, J. J. Johnson, Carly Simon, Frank Sinatra, Spike Jones and Julie London (included on her 1955 debut album Julie Is Her Na |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STAT6 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) is a transcription factor that belongs to the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) family of proteins. The proteins of STAT family transmit signals from a receptor complex to the nucleus and activate gene expression. Similarly as other STAT family proteins, STAT6 is also activated by growth factors and cytokines. STAT6 is mainly activated by cytokines interleukin-4 and interleukin-13.
Molecular biology
In the human genome, STAT6 protein is encoded by the STAT6 gene, located on the chromosome 12q13.3-q14.1. The gene encompasses over 19 kb and consists of 23 exons. STAT6 shares structural similarity with the other STAT proteins and is composed of the N-terminal domain, DNA binding domain, SH3- like domain, SH2 domain and transactivation domain (TAD).
STAT proteins are activated by the Janus family (JAKs) tyrosine kinases in response to cytokine exposure. STAT6 is activated by cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interleukin-13 (IL-13) with their receptors that both contain the α subunit of the IL-4 receptor (IL-4Rα). Tyrosine phosporylation of STAT6 after stimulation by IL-4 results in the formation of STAT6 homodimers that bind specific DNA elements via a DNA-binding domain.
Function
STAT6-mediated signaling pathway is required for the development of T-helper type 2 (Th2) cells and Th2 immune response. Expression of Th2 cytokines, including IL-4, IL-13, and IL-5, was reduced in STAT6-deficient m |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STAT4 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) is a transcription factor belonging to the STAT protein family, composed of STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5A, STAT5B, STAT6. STAT proteins are key activators of gene transcription which bind to DNA in response to cytokine gradient. STAT proteins are a common part of Janus kinase (JAK)- signalling pathways, activated by cytokines.STAT4 is required for the development of Th1 cells from naive CD4+ T cells and IFN-γ production in response to IL-12. There are two known STAT4 transcripts, STAT4α and STAT4β, differing in the levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ )production downstream.
Structure
Human as well murine STAT4 genes lie next to STAT1 gene locus suggesting that the genes arose by gene duplication. STAT proteins have six functional domains: 1. N-terminal interaction domain – crucial for dimerization of inactive STATs and nuclear translocation; 2.helical coiled coil domain – association with regulatory factors; 3. central DNA-binding domain – binding to the enhancer region of IFN-γ activated sequence (GAS) family genes; 4. linker domain – assisting during the DNA binding process; 5. Src homology 2 (SH2) domain – critical for specific binding to the cytokine receptor after tyrosine phosphorylation; 6. C-terminal transactivation domain – triggering the transcriptional process. The length of the protein is 748 amino acids, and the molecular weight is 85 941 Dalton.
Expression
Distribution of STAT4 is restricted |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STAT2 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STAT2 gene. It is a member of the STAT protein family. This protein is critical to the biological response of type I interferons (IFNs). STAT2 sequence identity between mouse and human is only 68%.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the STAT protein family. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. In response to IFN, this protein forms a complex with STAT1 and IFN regulatory factor family protein p48 (IRF9) and form ISGF-3 (IFN-stimulated gene factor-3), in which this protein acts as a transactivator, but lacks the ability to bind DNA directly. ISGF-3 proceeds the activation of genes via the IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE). ISRE-driven genes include Ly-6C, the double-stranded RNA kinase (PKR), 2´ to 5´ oligoadenylate synthase (OAS), MX and potentially MHC class I. Transcription adaptor P300/CBP (EP300/CREBBP) has been shown to interact specifically with this protein, which is thought to be involved in the process of blocking IFN-alpha response by adenovirus.
STAT2 knockout mice are unresponsive to type I IFN and extremely vulnerable to viral infection. They indicate the loss of the type I IFN autocrine loop and several defects in macrophages and T cell res |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPAS1 | NPAS1 is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor.
See also
NPAS3
References
External links
Transcription factors
PAS-domain-containing proteins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TAL1 |
T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 1 (i.e. TAL1 but also termed stem cell leukemia/T-cell acute leukemia 1 [i.e. SCL/TAL1]) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAL1 gene.
The protein encoded by TAL1 is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor.
Interactions
TAL1 has been shown to interact with:
CBFA2T3,
EP300,
GATA1,
LDB1,
LMO1,
LMO2,
SIN3A,
Sp1 transcription factor, and
TCF3.
References
Further reading
External links
Transcription factors |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schatten | Schatten is the German word for shadow. Schatten may also refer to:
People
Gerald Schatten, a US stem cell researcher
Robert Schatten, a Polish mathematician
Arts
Schatten – Eine nächtliche Halluzination, a German silent film |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartan%E2%80%93Hadamard%20theorem | In mathematics, the Cartan–Hadamard theorem is a statement in Riemannian geometry concerning the structure of complete Riemannian manifolds of non-positive sectional curvature. The theorem states that the universal cover of such a manifold is diffeomorphic to a Euclidean space via the exponential map at any point. It was first proved by Hans Carl Friedrich von Mangoldt for surfaces in 1881, and independently by Jacques Hadamard in 1898. Élie Cartan generalized the theorem to Riemannian manifolds in 1928 (; ; ). The theorem was further generalized to a wide class of metric spaces by Mikhail Gromov in 1987; detailed proofs were published by for metric spaces of non-positive curvature and by for general locally convex metric spaces.
Riemannian geometry
The Cartan–Hadamard theorem in conventional Riemannian geometry asserts that the universal covering space of a connected complete Riemannian manifold of non-positive sectional curvature is diffeomorphic to Rn. In fact, for complete manifolds of non-positive curvature, the exponential map based at any point of the manifold is a covering map.
The theorem holds also for Hilbert manifolds in the sense that the exponential map of a non-positively curved geodesically complete connected manifold is a covering map (; ). Completeness here is understood in the sense that the exponential map is defined on the whole tangent space of a point.
Metric geometry
In metric geometry, the Cartan–Hadamard theorem is the statement that the uni |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligase%20ribozyme | The RNA Ligase ribozyme was the first of several types of synthetic ribozymes produced by in vitro evolution and selection techniques. They are an important class of ribozymes because they catalyze the assembly of RNA fragments into phosphodiester RNA polymers, a reaction required of all extant nucleic acid polymerases and thought to be required for any self-replicating molecule. Ideas that the origin of life may have involved the first self-replicating molecules being ribozymes are called RNA World hypotheses. Ligase ribozymes may have been part of such a pre-biotic RNA world.
In order to copy RNA, fragments or monomers (individual building blocks) that have 5′-triphosphates must be ligated together. This is true for modern (protein-based) polymerases, and is also the most likely mechanism by which a ribozyme self-replicase in an RNA world might function. Yet no one has found a natural ribozyme that can perform this reaction.
In vitro evolution and selection
RNA in vitro evolution or SELEX enables the artificial evolution and selection of RNA molecules that possess a desired property, such as binding affinity for a particular ligand or an activity such as that of an enzyme or catalyst. The first such selections involved isolation of various aptamers that bind to small molecules. The first catalytic RNAs produced by in vitro evolution were RNA ligases, catalytic RNAs that join two RNA fragments to produce a single adduct. The most active ligase known to date is the Class I |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically%20modified%20plant | Genetically modified plants have been engineered for scientific research, to create new colours in plants, deliver vaccines, and to create enhanced crops. Plant genomes can be engineered by physical methods or by use of Agrobacterium for the delivery of sequences hosted in T-DNA binary vectors. Many plant cells are pluripotent, meaning that a single cell from a mature plant can be harvested and then under the right conditions form a new plant. This ability is most often taken advantage by genetic engineers through selecting cells that can successfully be transformed into an adult plant which can then be grown into multiple new plants containing transgene in every cell through a process known as tissue culture.
Research
Much of the advances in the field genetic engineering has come from experimentation with tobacco. Major advances in tissue culture and plant cellular mechanisms for a wide range of plants has originated from systems developed in tobacco. It was the first plant to be genetically engineered and is considered a model organism for not only genetic engineering, but a range of other fields. As such the transgenic tools and procedures are well established making it one of the easiest plants to transform. Another major model organism relevant to genetic engineering is Arabidopsis thaliana. Its small genome and short life cycle makes it easy to manipulate and it contains many homologs to important crop species. It was the first plant sequenced, has abundant bioinform |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraph%20process | In probability theory, the telegraph process is a memoryless continuous-time stochastic process that shows two distinct values. It models burst noise (also called popcorn noise or random telegraph signal). If the two possible values that a random variable can take are and , then the process can be described by the following master equations:
and
where is the transition rate for going from state to state and is the transition rate for going from going from state to state . The process is also known under the names Kac process (after mathematician Mark Kac), and dichotomous random process.
Solution
The master equation is compactly written in a matrix form by introducing a vector ,
where
is the transition rate matrix. The formal solution is constructed from the initial condition (that defines that at , the state is ) by
.
It can be shown that
where is the identity matrix and is the average transition rate. As , the solution approaches a stationary distribution given by
Properties
Knowledge of an initial state decays exponentially. Therefore, for a time , the process will reach the following stationary values, denoted by subscript s:
Mean:
Variance:
One can also calculate a correlation function:
Application
This random process finds wide application in model building:
In physics, spin systems and fluorescence intermittency show dichotomous properties. But especially in single molecule experiments probability distributions featuring algebraic tails a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascade%20algorithm | In the mathematical topic of wavelet theory, the cascade algorithm is a numerical method for calculating function values of the basic scaling and wavelet functions of a discrete wavelet transform using an iterative algorithm. It starts from values on a coarse sequence of sampling points and produces values for successively more densely spaced sequences of sampling points. Because it applies the same operation over and over to the output of the previous application, it is known as the cascade algorithm.
Successive approximation
The iterative algorithm generates successive approximations to ψ(t) or φ(t) from {h} and {g} filter coefficients. If the algorithm converges to a fixed point, then that fixed point is the basic scaling function or wavelet.
The iterations are defined by
For the kth iteration, where an initial φ(0)(t) must be given.
The frequency domain estimates of the basic scaling function is given by
and the limit can be viewed as an infinite product in the form
If such a limit exists, the spectrum of the scaling function is
The limit does not depends on the initial shape assume for φ(0)(t). This algorithm converges reliably to φ(t), even if it is discontinuous.
From this scaling function, the wavelet can be generated from
Successive approximation can also be derived in the frequency domain.
References
C.S. Burrus, R.A. Gopinath, H. Guo, Introduction to Wavelets and Wavelet Transforms: A Primer, Prentice-Hall, 1988, .
http://cnx.org/con |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%CF%80%20theorem | In mathematics, the theorem of Gromov and Thurston states a sufficient condition for Dehn filling on a cusped hyperbolic 3-manifold to result in a negatively curved 3-manifold.
Let be a cusped hyperbolic 3-manifold. Disjoint horoball neighborhoods of each cusp can be selected. The boundaries of these neighborhoods are quotients of horospheres and thus have Euclidean metrics. A slope, i.e. unoriented isotopy class of simple closed curves on these boundaries, thus has a well-defined length by taking the minimal Euclidean length over all curves in the isotopy class. The theorem states: a Dehn filling of with each filling slope greater than results in a 3-manifold with a complete metric of negative sectional curvature. In fact, this metric can be selected to be identical to the original hyperbolic metric outside the horoball neighborhoods.
The basic idea of the proof is to explicitly construct a negatively curved metric inside each horoball neighborhood that matches the metric near the horospherical boundary. This construction, using cylindrical coordinates, works when the filling slope is greater than . See for complete details.
According to the geometrization conjecture, these negatively curved 3-manifolds must actually admit a complete hyperbolic metric. A horoball packing argument due to Thurston shows that there are at most 48 slopes to avoid on each cusp to get a hyperbolic 3-manifold. For one-cusped hyperbolic 3-manifolds, an improvement due to Colin A |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial%20turbine | A radial turbine is a turbine in which the flow of the working fluid is radial to the shaft. The difference between axial and radial turbines consists in the way the fluid flows through the components (compressor and turbine). Whereas for an axial turbine the rotor is 'impacted' by the fluid flow, for a radial turbine, the flow is smoothly orientated perpendicular to the rotation axis, and it drives the turbine in the same way water drives a watermill. The result is less mechanical stress (and less thermal stress, in case of hot working fluids) which enables a radial turbine to be simpler, more robust, and more efficient (in a similar power range) when compared to axial turbines. When it comes to high power ranges (above 5 MW) the radial turbine is no longer competitive (due to its heavy and expensive rotor) and the efficiency becomes similar to that of the axial turbines.
Advantages and challenges
Compared to an axial flow turbine, a radial turbine can employ a relatively higher pressure ratio (≈4) per stage with lower flow rates. Thus these machines fall in the lower specific speed and power ranges. For high temperature applications rotor blade cooling in radial stages is not as easy as in axial turbine stages. Variable angle nozzle blades can give higher stage efficiencies in a radial turbine stage even at off-design point operation. In the family of water turbines, the Francis turbine is a very well-known IFR turbine which generates much greater power with a relatively l |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Day | Crystal Day is an American actress and singer.
Early life
Day started in the theater at the age of six. Her largest adolescent role came when she was eight when she starred as Marta Von Trapp (second youngest child) in the popular musical, The Sound of Music. The production was performed eight times a week. In addition, she was a part of the theater production of Tobacco Road, performing alongside Lin Shaye. At 13 years old, Crystal Day entered a studio in Nashville, Tennessee and started recording songs for her first CD "Anything Can Happen"
She teamed up with Grammy-winning producer Tom Weir at Studio City Sound (Kelly Clarkson, Lee Ann Womack, Willie Nelson, LMFAO). During that time, she also began taking classes at the Songwriting School of Los Angeles. After honing her songwriting craft in L.A., Day went to Music City where she began co-writing with professional songwriters, joining forces with Nashville producer Biff Watson (Blake Shelton, Keith Urban, Tim McGraw, Lady Antebellum, Charles Kelley, Martina McBride, etc.) and developing material for her upcoming EP Brave.
She began taking acting lessons and had soon landed roles in several independent films such as Brain Blockers and The Passing. She also wrote and performed songs that were featured on the sound tracks of those two films.
She became a fixture in the Los Angeles theater scene, performing in several productions before moving to Nashville to focus on her music career.
Music career
Day opened for multi-pla |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pincherle | Pincherle is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Salvatore Pincherle (1853–1936), Italian mathematician
Pincherle derivative, in mathematics
Marc Pincherle (1888–1974), French musicologist, music critic
Alberto Pincherle (1907–1990), Italian novelist, better known by his pen name Alberto Moravia
Italian-language surnames
Surnames of Sephardic origin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20career%20achievements%20by%20Gary%20Gait | This page details statistics, records, and other achievements pertaining to Gary Gait.
Professional career statistics and achievements
National Lacrosse League
Source: NLL.com
Major League Lacrosse
Source: majorleaguelacrosse.com
National Lacrosse League Achievements
7-time regular season leader, total goals (1995–99, 2003, 2004)
2-time regular season leader, total assists (1991, 1997)
7-time regular season leader, total points (1991, 1995, 1997–00, 2004)
Championship Game
played in 7 championship games (1 Detroit, 4 Philadelphia and 2 Baltimore)
does not hold any Championship Game records
Rank among NLL Championship Game leaders in other stats:
3rd, goals, career (21)
4th, assists, career (15)
Playoffs
Holds NLL Playoff Records for:
goals, career (65)
All-Star Game
selected 4 times
does not hold any All-Star Game records
Rank among NLL All-Star Game leaders in other stats:
2nd, goals, game (5)
Behind Mark Steenhuis (6)
2nd, points, game (8)
scored 5 goals and 3 assists for 8 points (1991 All-Star game)
Behind Paul Cantabene (10)
5th, goals, career (6)
Tied with Gavin Prout
Regular season
Holds NLL regular season records for:
MVP honors (6)
The only other player to win multiple MVP Awards is John Tavares (3)
consecutive MVP honors (5)
All-Pro Team honors (15)
consecutive All-Pro Team honors (15)
All-Pro First Team honors (14)
consecutive All-Pro First Team honors (14)
goals per game, career (3.425)
goals, game (10)
Set vs. the Toronto Rock on J |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20events%20in%20NHGRI%20history | Important events in the history of the National Human Genome Research Institute at the National Institutes of Health.
1988
February 29 – March 1, 1988 – National Institutes of Health (NIH) Director James Wyngaarden assembles scientists, administrators and science policy experts in Reston, Va., to lay out a plan for the Human Genome Project (HGP).
August 15, 1988 – A program advisory committee on the human genome is established to advise the National Institutes of Health (NIH) on all aspects of research in the area of genomic analysis.
October 1, 1988 – The Office for Human Genome Research is created within the Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health (NIH). Also, NIH and the Department of Energy (DOE) sign a memorandum of understanding to "coordinate research and technical activities related to the human genome."
1989
January 3–4, 1989 – The program advisory committee on the human genome holds its first meeting in Bethesda, MD.
October 1, 1989 – The National Center for Human Genome Research (NCHGR) is established to carry out the National Institutes of Health's (NIH) component of the United States Human Genome Project. The center's first director is James D. Watson, co-discoverer with Francis Crick of the double-helical structure of DNA.
1990
April 1990 – A five-year plan with specific goals for the project is published.
May 8, 1990 – The National Advisory Council for Human Genome Research is established.
July 1, 1990 – The Genome Research Review Commi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C2H | C2H or C2H may refer to:
Science
Ethynyl radical, an organic compound with the chemical formula C≡CH (also written [CCH] or C2H)
Cinnamate/coumarate 2-hydroxylase, an enzyme in the umbellic acid biosynthesis pathway
Candida two-hybrid (C2H) system, a variant of the yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) system
Other uses
Cinema2Home, a cinema distribution platform founded by Cheran
Contract-to-hire, a form of temporary work |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORYX | ORYX is an encryption algorithm used in cellular communications in order to protect data traffic. It is a stream cipher designed to have a very strong 96-bit key strength with a way to reduce the strength to 32-bits for export. However, due to mistakes the actual strength is a trivial 16-bits and any signal can be cracked after the first 25–27 bytes.
It is one of the four cryptographic primitives standardized by TIA's for use in their digital cellular communications standards TDMA and CDMA.
Algorithm description
ORYX is a simple stream cipher based on binary linear-feedback shift registers (LFSRs) to protect cellular data transmissions (for wireless data services).
The cipher ORYX has four components: three 32-bit LFSRs which labeled as LFSRA, LFSRB and LFSRK, and an S-box containing a known permutation P of the integer values 0 to 255.
The feedback function for LFSRK is defined as:
Lt + 32 = Lt + 28 ⊕ Lt + 19 ⊕ Lt + 18 ⊕ Lt + 16 ⊕ Lt + 14 ⊕ Lt + 11 ⊕ Lt + 10 ⊕ Lt + 9 ⊕ Lt + 6 ⊕ Lt + 5 ⊕ Lt + 1 ⊕ Lt
The feedback functions for LFSRA are defined as:
Lt + 32 = Lt + 26 ⊕ Lt + 23 ⊕ Lt + 22 ⊕ Lt + 16 ⊕ Lt + 12 ⊕ Lt + 11 ⊕ Lt + 10 ⊕ Lt + 8 ⊕ Lt + 7 ⊕ Lt + 5 ⊕ Lt + 4 ⊕ Lt + 2 ⊕ Lt + 1 ⊕ Lt
and
Lt + 32 = Lt + 27 ⊕ Lt + 26 ⊕ Lt + 25 ⊕ Lt + 24 ⊕ Lt + 23 ⊕ Lt + 22 ⊕ Lt + 17 ⊕ Lt + 13 ⊕ Lt + 11 ⊕ Lt + 10 ⊕ Lt + 9 ⊕ Lt + 8 ⊕ Lt + 7 ⊕ Lt + 2 ⊕ Lt + 1 ⊕ Lt
The feedback function for LFSRB is:
Lt + 32 = Lt + 31 ⊕ Lt + 21 ⊕ Lt + 20 ⊕ Lt + 16 ⊕ Lt + 15 ⊕ Lt + 6 ⊕ Lt + 3 ⊕ Lt + 1 ⊕ Lt
Se |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOC%20channels | Store-operated channels (SOCs) are ion channels located in the plasma membrane of cells. These channels are most studied in regard to their role in calcium entry into the cytoplasm from extracellular milieu. There are other SOC channels selective to other ions. Calcium SOCs are especially important for the cell because they are the major source of intracellular calcium; and calcium itself is involved in a wide array of vital cellular functions. SOCs are so called because they are activated by intracellular calcium (particularly the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)) stores depletion by both physiological or pharmacological processes.
See also
Calcium release activated channel
References
Further reading
Cell anatomy |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpack%2C%20Senegal | Mpack (also spelt Mpak) is a village in Niaguis Arrondissement, Ziguinchor Department, Ziguinchor Region in southern Senegal. Government statistics classified it as a rural community and recorded its population as 518 people in 72 households. It is located about seven kilometres from the regional capital of Ziguinchor. It is one of the endpoints of the 90-km long Oussouye-Kabrousse-Cap Skirring-Ziguinchor-Mpack road, which is being rebuilt with 17 billion CFA francs of funding from the European Union. The village used to be on the front lines of the Casamance Conflict between the Senegalese government and the Movement of Democratic Forces of Casamance.
The town contains the only border checkpoint between Senegal and Guinea-Bissau with an asphalt road; its counterpart on the Guinea-Bissau side is Sao Domingos. During the 1998 Guinea-Bissau Civil War, up to 100 refugees an hour passed through the checkpoint and the village as they fled the fighting. Later, as the Casamance Conflict intensified, the checkpoint was frequently closed, as MDFC members were believed to be taking refuge in Guinea-Bissau. The area was also heavily mined during the fighting; local NGOs made efforts to clear the mines in 2002 and 2003, rehabilitating over 100 houses in the village and its surrounding area, following which the Senegalese military declared the area safe; however, casualties due to exploding mines continued to occur in 2004. A camp was set up in the Bourgadié neighbourhood there in March |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grown-junction%20transistor | The grown-junction transistor was the first type of bipolar junction transistor made. It was invented by William Shockley at Bell Labs on June 23, 1948 (patent filed June 26, 1948), six months after the first bipolar point-contact transistor. The first germanium prototypes were made in 1949. Bell Labs announced Shockley’s grown-junction transistor on July 4, 1951.
An NPN grown-junction transistor is made of a single crystal of semiconductor material which has two PN junctions grown into it. During the growth process, a seed crystal is slowly pulled from a bath of molten semiconductor, which then grows into a rod-shaped crystal (boule). The molten semiconductor is doped N-type at the start. At a predetermined moment in the growth process a small pellet of a P-type dopant is added, almost immediately followed by a somewhat larger pellet of an N-type dopant. These dopants dissolve in the molten semiconductor changing the type of semiconductor subsequently grown. The resulting crystal has a thin layer of P-type material sandwiched between sections of N-type material. This P-type layer may be as little as a thousandth of an inch (25 μm) thick. The crystal is sliced, leaving the thin P-type layer in the center of the slice, then cut into bars. Each bar is made into a transistor by soldering its N-type ends to supporting and conducting leads, then welding a very fine gold lead to the central P-type layer, and finally encasing in a hermetically sealed can. A similar process, using t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaschke%20selection%20theorem | The Blaschke selection theorem is a result in topology and convex geometry about sequences of convex sets. Specifically, given a sequence of convex sets contained in a bounded set, the theorem guarantees the existence of a subsequence and a convex set such that converges to in the Hausdorff metric. The theorem is named for Wilhelm Blaschke.
Alternate statements
A succinct statement of the theorem is that the metric space of convex bodies is locally compact.
Using the Hausdorff metric on sets, every infinite collection of compact subsets of the unit ball has a limit point (and that limit point is itself a compact set).
Application
As an example of its use, the isoperimetric problem can be shown to have a solution. That is, there exists a curve of fixed length that encloses the maximum area possible. Other problems likewise can be shown to have a solution:
Lebesgue's universal covering problem for a convex universal cover of minimal size for the collection of all sets in the plane of unit diameter,
the maximum inclusion problem,
and the Moser's worm problem for a convex universal cover of minimal size for the collection of planar curves of unit length.
Notes
References
Geometric topology
Compactness theorems
ru:Теорема выбора Бляшке |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intake%20%28disambiguation%29 | An intake is an opening or structure through which air/fluid is admitted to a space or machine.
Intake may also refer to:
Places
United Kingdom
Intake, Doncaster, a suburb of Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England
Intake, Sheffield, a residential area in Richmond, Sheffield, England
Intake, County Londonderry, an archeological site in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland
Intake, Leeds, a place in West Yorkshire, England: see List of United Kingdom locations: In-Ir#In
United States
Intake, Montana, an unincorporated community in Dawson County, Montana
Intake Creek, a creek near the former Weston, Washington
Other
Intake (land), a parcel of land reclaimed from a moor
Intake (video game), a 2013 game by Cipher Prime
See also
Intack, a location in Lancashire, England |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm%20Hellesen | Frederik Louis Wilhelm Hellesen (2 February 1836 – 22 December 1892) was a Danish inventor and industrialist. In 1887 he designed what is thought to be the first dry cell battery based on the Leclanché cell design. The same year he founded the company W. Hellesen In 1889 he sold his first batteries to the Danish Telephone Company. The same year a young chemist Valdemar Ludvigsen (1861–1939) came to the factory helping by the further development of the batteries. When Frederik Hellesen died in 1892 his widow took over the company with the help of Ludvigsen. In 1906 V. Ludvigsen became the sole owner of the factory with the name A/S Hellesens Enke & V. Ludvigsen. (later known as A/S Tudor-Hellesens, A/S Hellesens, and GN Hellesens), now defunct. Today the Hellesens brand name is owned by Duracell. In 1992 the Danish company was sold to GP Batteries International in Singapore belonging to Gold Peak Industries Ltd. Hong Kong. In 2005 the last factory in Thisted was closed and all machinery were shipped to a new factory in Malaysia.
External links
The Technical Museum, Denmark (in Danish)
Notes and references
19th-century Danish inventors
1836 births
1892 deaths
People from Kalundborg |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfson%20Microelectronics | Wolfson Microelectronics plc was a microelectronics and fabless semiconductor company headquartered in Edinburgh, Scotland. It specialised in signal processing and mixed-signal chips for the consumer electronics market and had engineering and sales offices throughout Asia-Pacific, Europe, and the United States. In 2014, it was acquired by Cirrus Logic for £291 million.
History
Wolfson Microelectronics plc was started in 1984 by David Milne and Jim Reid. Within a year, the company had 20 employees and a deal with Fujitsu. Wolfson grew and floated on the London Stock Exchange in 2003 and be listed in the FTSE 250. Both Milne and Reid had connections with the University of Edinburgh; Reid attained a First Class Honours degree in EEE, and Milne directed the Wolfson Microelectronics Institute at King's Buildings from 1973 to 1985. In February, 2007, when Milne chose to step down, he was replaced in his CEO role by Dave Shrigley, previously Vice-President at Intel Corporation. His departure was one of a number of executive changes in late 2006, as Financial Director George Elliott also stood down.
In 2006, Milne was declared Entrepreneur of the Year by the CBI, and Wolfson named Company of the Year. In November 2006 David Shrigley became the CEO of Wolfson, his first appointment at this level: he had previously worked for Intel in the Asia-Pacific region, and held directorships elsewhere.
In 2007, Wolfson acquired Sonaptic Ltd, consisting of former Sensaura employees, intending |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20dispersibility%20index | The Protein Dispersibility Index (PDI) is a means of comparing the solubility of a protein in water, and is widely used in the soybean product industry.
A sample of the soybeans are ground, mixed with a specific quantity of water, and the two are then blended together at a specific rpm for a specific time. The resulting mixture and original bean flour then have their protein content measured using a combustion test, and the PDI is calculated as the percentage of the protein in the mix divided by the percentage in the flour - a PDI of 100 therefore indicates total solubility.
It has been shown that the PDI can be affected, not only by the type of soybean used, but also by manufacturing processes - heat has been shown to lower the PDI.
The PDI required of a soyflour is dependent on the purpose to which the soybeans are to be put. Manufacturers of soymilk and tofu products want a high PDI to ensure the maximum protein content in their products. However, manufacturers of soy-based fish feed require a low PDI to avoid loss of valuable protein into the surrounding water.
References
Dudley-Cash, W.A. 1999. Methods for determining quality of soybean meal protein important. Feedstuffs. 71(1):10-11.
Soy products
Nutrition |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soybean%20meal | Soybean meal is used in food and animal feeds, principally as a protein supplement, but also as a source of metabolizable energy. Typically 1 bushel (i.e. 60 lbs. or 27.2 kg) of soybeans yields 48 lbs. (21.8 kg) of soybean meal. Soybean meal is produced as a co-product of soybean oil extraction. Some, but not all, soybean meal contains ground soybean hulls. Soybean meal is heat-treated during production, to denature the trypsin inhibitors of soybeans, which would otherwise interfere with protein digestion.
Major kinds of soybean meal
Three main kinds of soybean meal are produced:
• Full-fat soybean meal, made from whole soybeans. It has a high metabolizable energy concentration. (For example, metabolizable energy for swine in this product is about 3.69 megacalories (i.e. 15.4 MJ) per kg dry matter.) Crude protein concentration is about 38 percent (as fed). This kind of product is sometimes fed to various classes of livestock.
• Defatted soybean meal, containing no hulls. This product has an intermediate energy concentration. (For example, metabolizable energy for swine in this product is about 3.38 megacalories (i.e. 14.1 MJ) per kg dry matter.) Crude protein concentration is about 48 percent. This percentage [which is commonly used in describing the product] is calculated at the typical as-fed moisture content of 88 percent. Thus, crude protein concentration expressed on a dry matter basis is 54 percent. This product is commonly fed to swine, broilers and layers.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolmogorov%27s%20theorem | Kolmogorov's theorem is any of several different results by Andrey Kolmogorov:
In statistics
Kolmogorov–Smirnov test
In probability theory
Hahn–Kolmogorov theorem
Kolmogorov extension theorem
Kolmogorov continuity theorem
Kolmogorov's three-series theorem
Kolmogorov's zero–one law
Chapman–Kolmogorov equations
Kolmogorov inequalities
Kolmogorov's inequality
Kolmogorov's inequality for positive submartingales
In functional analysis
Landau–Kolmogorov inequality
Fréchet–Kolmogorov theorem |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheat%20middlings | Wheat middlings (also known as millfeed, wheat mill run, or wheat midds) are the product of the wheat milling process that is not flour. A good source of protein, fiber, phosphorus, and other nutrients, they are a useful fodder for livestock and pets. They are also being researched for use as a biofuel.
Production
White flour is made entirely from the endosperm or protein/starchy part of the grain, leaving behind the germ and the bran or fiber part. In addition to marketing the bran and germ as products in their own right, middlings include shorts (making up approximately 12% of the original grain, consisting of fractions of endosperm, bran, and germ with an average particle size of 500-900 microns) and red dog (actually a low-grade flour, making up approximately 3% of the original grain, consisting of fractions of endosperm and bran, with an average particle size of 100-300 microns).
The middlings include those portions of the wheat kernel that are richest in proteins, vitamins, lipids and minerals. For example, highly refined patent flour may contain only 10 to 12% of the total thiamine and niacin, 20% of the phosphorus, and 50% of the calcium of the parent grain.
Classification inconsistencies
The term is somewhat imprecise, as it does not take into account the various mill streams and proportions that are combined and ultimately constitute the product's final composition. As a consequence of this inconsistent terminology, difficulties are encountered when ascertainin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher%27s%20noncentral%20hypergeometric%20distribution | In probability theory and statistics, Fisher's noncentral hypergeometric distribution is a generalization of the hypergeometric distribution where sampling probabilities are modified by weight factors. It can also be defined as the conditional distribution of two or more binomially distributed variables dependent upon their fixed sum.
The distribution may be illustrated by the following urn model. Assume, for example, that an urn contains m1 red balls and m2 white balls, totalling N = m1 + m2 balls. Each red ball has the weight ω1 and each white ball has the weight ω2. We will say that the odds ratio is ω = ω1 / ω2. Now we are taking balls randomly in such a way that the probability of taking a particular ball is proportional to its weight, but independent of what happens to the other balls. The number of balls taken of a particular color follows the binomial distribution. If the total number n of balls taken is known then the conditional distribution of the number of taken red balls for given n is Fisher's noncentral hypergeometric distribution. To generate this distribution experimentally, we have to repeat the experiment until it happens to give n balls.
If we want to fix the value of n prior to the experiment then we have to take the balls one by one until we have n balls. The balls are therefore no longer independent. This gives a slightly different distribution known as Wallenius' noncentral hypergeometric distribution. It is far from obvious why these two distributio |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxazolam | Oxazolam is a drug that is a benzodiazepine derivative. It has anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It is a prodrug for desmethyldiazepam.
See also
Benzodiazepine
References
Chloroarenes
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators
Lactams
Oxazolobenzodiazepines
Prodrugs |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caristi%20fixed-point%20theorem | In mathematics, the Caristi fixed-point theorem (also known as the Caristi–Kirk fixed-point theorem) generalizes the Banach fixed-point theorem for maps of a complete metric space into itself. Caristi's fixed-point theorem modifies the -variational principle of Ekeland (1974, 1979). The conclusion of Caristi's theorem is equivalent to metric completeness, as proved by Weston (1977).
The original result is due to the mathematicians James Caristi and William Arthur Kirk.
Caristi fixed-point theorem can be applied to derive other classical fixed-point results, and also to prove the existence of bounded solutions of a functional equation.
Statement of the theorem
Let be a complete metric space. Let and be a lower semicontinuous function from into the non-negative real numbers. Suppose that, for all points in
Then has a fixed point in that is, a point such that The proof of this result utilizes Zorn's lemma to guarantee the existence of a minimal element which turns out to be a desired fixed point.
References
Fixed-point theorems
Metric geometry
Theorems in real analysis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WXSM | WXSM (640 AM) is a radio station serving the Tri-Cities, Tennessee vicinity with a sports format as a CBS Sports Radio affiliate. It broadcasts on AM frequency 640 kHz and is under ownership of Cumulus Media. WXSM also broadcasts Tennessee Titans NFL games, plus ETSU Buccaneer and Dobyns-Bennett High School games.
History
This station had the callsign WCQR on June 16, 1986, then changing to WJTZ on November 2, 1987. From April 9, 1993 until February 26, 2007, the 640 frequency was home to classic country WGOC.
References
External links
640 WXSM official website
XSM
Cumulus Media radio stations
CBS Sports Radio stations
Sports radio stations in the United States |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMOS%20logic | PMOS or pMOS logic (from p-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor) is a family of digital circuits based on p-channel, enhancement mode metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). In the late 1960s and early 1970s, PMOS logic was the dominant semiconductor technology for large-scale integrated circuits before being superseded by NMOS and CMOS devices.
History and application
Mohamed Atalla and Dawon Kahng manufactured the first working MOSFET at Bell Labs in 1959. They fabricated both PMOS and NMOS devices but only the PMOS devices were working. It would be more than a decade before contaminants in the manufacturing process (particularly sodium) could be managed well enough to manufacture practical NMOS devices.
Compared to the bipolar junction transistor, the only other device available at the time for use in an integrated circuit, the MOSFET offers a number of advantages:
Given semiconductor device fabrication processes of similar precision, a MOSFET requires only 10% of the area of a bipolar junction transistor. The main reason is that the MOSFET is self-insulating and does not require p–n junction isolation from neighboring components on the chip.
A MOSFET requires fewer process steps and is therefore simpler and cheaper to manufacture (one diffusion doping step compared to four for a bipolar process).
Since there is no static gate current for a MOSFET, the power consumption of an integrated circuit based on MOSFETs can be lower.
Disadvantages relative |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Eclipse%20projects | The following is a list of notable Eclipse projects.
Although some of the listed projects play a vital role for the Eclipse IDE the Eclipse project ecosystem covers a significantly larger scope than the Eclipse IDE.
Official projects
These projects are maintained by the Eclipse community and hosted by the Eclipse Foundation.
Top-level sub-projects
Eclipse Platform is the core framework that all other Eclipse projects are built on.
Java development tools (JDT) provides support for core Java SE. This includes a standalone fast incremental compiler.
Plug-in Development Environment (PDE) provides tools to create, develop, test, debug, build and deploy Eclipse plug-ins, fragments, features, update sites and RCP products.
Orion, CHE, Dirigible and Theia are browser-based IDEs and open tool integration platform which is entirely focused on developing for the web, in the web. Tools are written in JavaScript and run in the browser.
Oniro is an Open Source software platform, having an operating system, standard APIs and basic applications.
Tools
The following sub-projects are located under the Tools sub-project:
Buckminster adds support for Component Assemblies.
C/C++ Development Tools (CDT) adds support for C/C++ syntax highlighting, code formatting, debugger integration and project structures. Unlike the JDT project, the CDT project does not add a compiler and relies on an external tool chain.
Graphical Editing Framework (GEF) allows developers to build standalone gra |
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