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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubble%20point | In thermodynamics, the bubble point is the temperature (at a given pressure) where the first bubble of vapor is formed when heating a liquid consisting of two or more components. Given that vapor will probably have a different composition than the liquid, the bubble point (along with the dew point) at different compositions are useful data when designing distillation systems.
For a single component the bubble point and the dew point are the same and are referred to as the boiling point.
Calculating the bubble point
At the bubble point, the following relationship holds:
where
.
K is the distribution coefficient or K factor, defined as the ratio of mole fraction in the vapor phase to the mole fraction in the liquid phase at equilibrium.
When Raoult's law and Dalton's law hold for the mixture, the K factor is defined as the ratio of the vapor pressure to the total pressure of the system:
Given either of or and either the temperature or pressure of a two-component system, calculations can be performed to determine the unknown information.
See also
Phase diagram
Azeotrope
Dew point
References
Temperature
Phase transitions
Gases |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert%20cell | In electronics, the Gilbert cell is a type of frequency mixer. It produces output signals proportional to the product of two input signals. Such circuits are widely used for frequency conversion in radio systems. The advantage of this circuit is the output current is an accurate multiplication of the (differential) base currents of both inputs. As a mixer, its balanced operation cancels out many unwanted mixing products, resulting in a "cleaner" output.
It is a generalized case of an early circuit first used by Howard Jones in 1963, invented independently and greatly augmented by Barrie Gilbert in 1967. It is a specific example of "translinear" design, a current-mode approach to analog circuit design. The specific property of this cell is that the differential output current is a precise algebraic product of its two differential analog current inputs.
Function
There is little difference between the Jones cell and the translinear multiplier in this topology. In both forms, two differential amplifier stages are formed by emitter-coupled transistor pairs (Q1/Q4, Q3/Q5) whose outputs are connected (currents summed) with opposite phases. The emitter junctions of these amplifier stages are fed by the collectors of a third differential pair (Q2/Q6). The output currents of Q2/Q6 become emitter currents for the differential amplifiers. Simplified, the output current of an individual transistor is given by ic = gm vbe. Its transconductance gm is (at ) about . Combining these equati |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombian%20Sign%20Language | Colombian Sign Language (, ) is the deaf sign language of Colombia.
Classification
Clark notes that Peruvian, Bolivian, Ecuadorian and Colombian sign languages "have significant lexical similarities to each other" and "contain a certain degree of lexical influence from ASL" as well, at least going by the forms in national dictionaries. Chilean and Argentine share these traits, though to a lesser extent.
Description
The development of the signs have influences of Spanish sign language and American Sign Language. It is reported to have signs in common with Salvadoran Sign Language.
Teaching
There are two sign language schools in Bogotá (the first started in 1929), two in Medellín and one in Cali. Countrywide, three different institutions of support for deaf promotes the learning of the language. The national Committee for the sign language promotes the research in the area, distributes the manual alphabet for spelling and the Grammar Dictionary and supports the organization for sign language teachers. The now defunct national central of telecommunications TELECOM distributed a CD-ROM software for self-learning.
Relevancy
There is a growing interest for learning the sign language between the hearing people. Some schools use sign language in the classroom. Interpreters are provided at important public events, and for college students.
References and external links
National Institute for the Deaf - INSOR (In Spanish)
National Federation of Deaf Colombians - FENASCOL (I |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vack%C3%A1%C5%99%20oscillator | A Vackář oscillator is a wide range variable frequency oscillator (VFO) which has a near constant output amplitude over its frequency range. It is similar to a Colpitts oscillator or a Clapp oscillator, but those designs do not have a constant output amplitude when tuned.
Invention
In 1949, the Czech engineer Jiří Vackář published a paper on the design of stable variable-frequency oscillators (VFO). The paper discussed many stability issues such as variations with temperature, atmospheric pressure, component aging, and microphonics. For example, Vackář describes making inductors by first heating the wire and then winding the wire on a stable ceramic coil form. The resulting inductor has a temperature coefficient of 6 to 8 parts per million per degree Celsius. Vackář points out that common air variable capacitors have a stability of 2 parts per thousand; to build a VFO with a stability of 50 parts per million requires that the variable capacitor is only 1/40 of the tuning capacity (.002/40 = 50ppm). The stability requirement also implies the variable capacitor may only tune a limited range of 1:1.025. Larger tuning ranges require switching stable fixed capacitors or inductors.
Vackář was interested in high stability designs, so he wanted the highest for his circuits. It is possible to make wide range VFOs with stable output amplitude by heavily damping (loading) the tuned circuit, but that tactic substantially reduces the and the frequency stability.
Vackář was also co |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition%20of%20the%20human%20body | Body composition may be analyzed in various ways. This can be done in terms of the chemical elements present, or by molecular structure e.g., water, protein, fats (or lipids), hydroxylapatite (in bones), carbohydrates (such as glycogen and glucose) and DNA. In terms of tissue type, the body may be analyzed into water, fat, connective tissue, muscle, bone, etc. In terms of cell type, the body contains hundreds of different types of cells, but notably, the largest number of cells contained in a human body (though not the largest mass of cells) are not human cells, but bacteria residing in the normal human gastrointestinal tract.
Elements
About 99% of the mass of the human body is made up of six elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus. Only about 0.85% is composed of another five elements: potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium. All 11 are necessary for life. The remaining elements are trace elements, of which more than a dozen are thought on the basis of good evidence to be necessary for life. All of the mass of the trace elements put together (less than 10 grams for a human body) do not add up to the body mass of magnesium, the least common of the 11 non-trace elements.
Other elements
Not all elements which are found in the human body in trace quantities play a role in life. Some of these elements are thought to be simple common contaminants without function (examples: caesium, titanium), while many others are thought to be active t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20mass%20spectrometry | Protein mass spectrometry refers to the application of mass spectrometry to the study of proteins. Mass spectrometry is an important method for the accurate mass determination and characterization of proteins, and a variety of methods and instrumentations have been developed for its many uses. Its applications include the identification of proteins and their post-translational modifications, the elucidation of protein complexes, their subunits and functional interactions, as well as the global measurement of proteins in proteomics. It can also be used to localize proteins to the various organelles, and determine the interactions between different proteins as well as with membrane lipids.
The two primary methods used for the ionization of protein in mass spectrometry are electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). These ionization techniques are used in conjunction with mass analyzers such as tandem mass spectrometry. In general, the proteins are analyzed either in a "top-down" approach in which proteins are analyzed intact, or a "bottom-up" approach in which protein are first digested into fragments. An intermediate "middle-down" approach in which larger peptide fragments are analyzed may also sometimes be used.
History
The application of mass spectrometry to study proteins became popularized in the 1980s after the development of MALDI and ESI. These ionization techniques have played a significant role in the characterization of p |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutte%E2%80%93Berge%20formula | In the mathematical discipline of graph theory the Tutte–Berge formula is a characterization of the size of a maximum matching in a graph. It is a generalization of Tutte theorem on perfect matchings, and is named after W. T. Tutte (who proved Tutte's theorem) and Claude Berge (who proved its generalization).
Statement
The theorem states that the size of a maximum matching of a graph equals
where counts how many of the connected components of the graph have an odd number of vertices.
Equivalently, the number of unmatched vertices in a maximum matching equals.
Explanation
Intuitively, for any subset of the vertices, the only way to completely cover an odd component of by a matching is for one of the matched edges covering the component to be incident to . If, instead, some odd component had no matched edge connecting it to , then the part of the matching that covered the component would cover its vertices in pairs, but since the component has an odd number of vertices it would necessarily include at least one leftover and unmatched vertex. Therefore, if some choice of has few vertices but its removal creates a large number of odd components, then there will be many unmatched vertices, implying that the matching itself will be small. This reasoning can be made precise by stating that the size of a maximum matching is at most equal to the value given by the Tutte–Berge formula.
The characterization of Tutte and Berge proves that this is the only obstacle to creating |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion%20cyclotron%20resonance | Ion cyclotron resonance is a phenomenon related to the movement of ions in a magnetic field. It is used for accelerating ions in a cyclotron, and for measuring the masses of an ionized analyte in mass spectrometry, particularly with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometers. It can also be used to follow the kinetics of chemical reactions in a dilute gas mixture, provided these involve charged species.
Definition of the resonant frequency
An ion in a static and uniform magnetic field will move in a circle due to the Lorentz force. The angular frequency of this cyclotron motion for a given magnetic field strength B is given by
where z is the number of positive or negative charges of the ion, e is the elementary charge and m is the mass of the ion. An electric excitation signal having a frequency f will therefore resonate with ions having a mass-to-charge ratio m/z given by
The circular motion may be superimposed with a uniform axial motion, resulting in a helix, or with a uniform motion perpendicular to the field (e.g., in the presence of an electrical or gravitational field) resulting in a cycloid.
Ion cyclotron resonance heating
Ion cyclotron resonance heating (or ICRH) is a technique in which electromagnetic waves with frequencies corresponding to the ion cyclotron frequency is used to heat up a plasma. The ions in the plasma absorb the electromagnetic radiation and as a result of this, increase in kinetic energy. This technique is commonly used in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relaxin%20receptor | The relaxin receptors are a subclass of four closely related G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) that bind relaxin peptide hormones.
Below is list of human relaxin receptors, their endogenous peptide hormones, and what downstream enzymes are activated or inhibited by the receptor.
See also
Relaxin family peptide hormones
Insulin/IGF/Relaxin family
Relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 1
References
External links
G protein-coupled receptors |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giacinto%20Morera | Giacinto Morera (18 July 1856 – 8 February 1909), was an Italian engineer and mathematician. He is known for Morera's theorem in the theory of functions of a complex variable and for his work in the theory of linear elasticity.
Biography
Life
He was born in Novara on 18 July 1856, the son of Giacomo Morera and Vittoria Unico. According to , his family was a wealthy one, his father being a rich merchant. This occurrence eased him in his studies after the laurea: however, he was an extraordinarily hard worker and he widely used this ability in his researches. After studying in Turin he went to Pavia, Pisa and Leipzig: then he went back to Pavia for a brief period in 1885, and finally he went to Genova in 1886, living here for the next 15 years. While being in Genova he married his fellow-citizen Cesira Faà. From 1901 on to his death he worked in Turin: he died of pneumonia on 8 February 1909.
Education and academic career
He earned in 1878 the laurea in engineering and then, in 1879, the laurea in mathematics, both awarded him from the Politecnico di Torino: According to , the title of his thesis in the mathematical sciences was: "Sul moto di un punto attratto da due centri fissi colla legge di Newton". In Turin he attended the courses held by Enrico d'Ovidio, Angelo Genocchi and particularly the ones held by Francesco Siacci: later in his life, Morera acknowledged Siacci as his mentor in scientific research and life. After graduating, he followed several advanced courses: |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plane%20wave%20expansion%20method | Plane wave expansion method (PWE) refers to a computational technique in electromagnetics to solve the Maxwell's equations by formulating an eigenvalue problem out of the equation. This method is popular among the photonic crystal community as a method of solving for the band structure (dispersion relation) of specific photonic crystal geometries. PWE is traceable to the analytical formulations, and is useful in calculating modal solutions of Maxwell's equations over an inhomogeneous or periodic geometry. It is specifically tuned to solve problems in a time-harmonic forms, with non-dispersive media (a reformulation of the method named Inverse dispersion allows frequency-dependent refractive indices).
Principles
Plane waves are solutions to the homogeneous Helmholtz equation, and form a basis to represent fields in the periodic media. PWE as applied to photonic crystals as described is primarily sourced from Dr. Danner's tutorial.
The electric or magnetic fields are expanded for each field component in terms of the Fourier series components along the reciprocal lattice vector. Similarly, the dielectric permittivity (which is periodic along reciprocal lattice vector for photonic crystals) is also expanded through Fourier series components.
with the Fourier series coefficients being the K numbers subscripted by m, n respectively, and the reciprocal lattice vector given by . In real modeling, the range of components considered will be reduced to just instead of the ideal, i |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional%20classification | The functional classification of a road is the class or group of roads to which the road belongs. There are three main functional classes as defined by the United States Federal Highway Administration: arterial, collector, and local.
Arterial roads
Arterial roads generally provide the fastest method of travel and typically have low accessibility from neighboring roads. They are usually designed with long-distance travel in mind and are not as common as the other two functional classes of roads. Examples include interstates and highways.
Collector roads
Collector roads are the second most common and are used as a connection between local roads and arterial roads. They provide a balance between access and mobility.
Local roads
Local roads are the most common roads by far, but are also the slowest for travel. They are designed specifically to have high accessibility and to connect to collector and arterial roads, and are typically not used for through traffic. The main function of local roads are to allow for people who live in low density residential to connect to other residential areas or to collector roads.
See also
Road hierarchy
Street hierarchy
External links
Highway Functional Classification Concepts, Criteria and Procedures - Federal Highway Administration
Road transport |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziggurat%20%28disambiguation%29 | A ziggurat is a pyramidal structure that first appeared during ancient times in the Middle East. It may also refer to:
A ziggurat algorithm, a number generating algorithm
The Ziggurat, the Chet Holifield Federal Building in Laguna Niguel, California
The Ziggurat, an office building in West Sacramento, California
Ziggurats (album), a 2007 album by The Beautiful Girls
Zigurat (company), a Spanish video game development company
Ziggurat (video game), a 2012 iOS video game by Action Button Entertainment
Ziggurat (2014 video game), a 2014 video game by Milkstone Studios released on PC, Xbox One and PS4
Ziggurat Pyramid, Dubai, a pyramid-shaped arcology that was conceived for Dubai
Norfolk Terrace and Suffolk Terrace - halls of residence at the University of East Anglia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krivine%E2%80%93Stengle%20Positivstellensatz | In real algebraic geometry, Krivine–Stengle (German for "positive-locus-theorem") characterizes polynomials that are positive on a semialgebraic set, which is defined by systems of inequalities of polynomials with real coefficients, or more generally, coefficients from any real closed field.
It can be thought of as a real analogue of Hilbert's Nullstellensatz (which concern complex zeros of polynomial ideals), and this analogy is at the origin of its name. It was proved by French mathematician and then rediscovered by the Canadian .
Statement
Let be a real closed field, and = {f1, f2, ..., fm} and = {g1, g2, ..., gr} finite sets of polynomials over in variables. Let be the semialgebraic set
and define the preordering associated with as the set
where Σ2[1,...,] is the set of sum-of-squares polynomials. In other words, (, ) = + , where is the cone generated by (i.e., the subsemiring of [1,...,] generated by and arbitrary squares) and is the ideal generated by .
Let ∈ [1,...,] be a polynomial. Krivine–Stengle Positivstellensatz states that
(i) if and only if and such that .
(ii) if and only if such that .
The weak is the following variant of the . Let be a real closed field, and , , and finite subsets of [1,...,]. Let be the cone generated by , and the ideal generated by . Then
if and only if
(Unlike , the "weak" form actually includes the "strong" form as a special case, so the terminology is a misnomer.)
Variants
The Krivine–Stengle Posit |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lomariopsidaceae | The Lomariopsidaceae is a family of ferns with a largely tropical distribution. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family is placed in the suborder Polypodiineae (eupolypods I) of the order Polypodiales. Alternatively, it may be treated as the subfamily Lomariopsidoideae of a very broadly defined family Polypodiaceae sensu lato.
Genera
The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) included four genera. Dryopolystichum was added in 2017, and Thysanosoria is now included in Lomariopsis, so that four genera are recognized :
Cyclopeltis J.Sm.
Dracoglossum Christenh.
Dryopolystichum Copel.
Lomariopsis Fée (including Thysanosoria)
The genus Nephrolepis has also been placed in this family, but it is now placed in its own family, Nephrolepidaceae.
Some members of the Lomariopsidaceae are cultivated as ornamental plants.
Phylogeny
References
Polypodiales
Fern families |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony%20Bennett%20at%20Carnegie%20Hall | Tony Bennett at Carnegie Hall is a 1962 live album by Tony Bennett. The June 9th concert was directed by Arthur Penn and Gene Saks. Carnegie Hall had not featured a pop performer until April 23, 1961 when Judy Garland recorded her legendary concert.
Track listing
1962 12" LP, Tony Bennett at Carnegie Hall
Side one
"Lullaby of Broadway" (Al Dubin, Harry Warren) – 2:10
"Just in Time" (Betty Comden, Adolph Green, Jule Styne) – 2:08
"All the Things You Are" (Oscar Hammerstein II, Jerome Kern) – 3:04
"Stranger in Paradise" (Alexander Borodin, Robert Wright, George Forrest) – 3:12
"Our Love Is Here to Stay" (George Gershwin, Ira Gershwin) – 2:09
"Climb Ev'ry Mountain" (Hammerstein, Richard Rodgers) – 2:09
"Ol' Man River" (Hammerstein, Kern) – 2:49
Side two
"It Amazes Me" (Cy Coleman, Carolyn Leigh) – 3:18
"Firefly" (Coleman, Leigh) – 1:03
"I Left My Heart in San Francisco" (George Cory, Douglas Cross) – 2:46
"How About You?" (Ralph Freed, Burton Lane) – 1:17
"April in Paris" (Vernon Duke, Yip Harburg) – 1:13
"(In My) Solitude" (Eddie DeLange, Duke Ellington, Irving Mills) – 3:29
"I'm Just a Lucky So-and-So" (Mack David, Ellington) – 2:29
Side three
"Always" (Irving Berlin) – 1:34
"Anything Goes" (Cole Porter) – 1:30
"Blue Velvet" (Lee Morris, Bernie Wayne) – 2:37
"Rags to Riches" (Richard Adler, Jerry Ross) – 1:08
"Because of You" (Arthur Hammerstein, Dudley Wilkinson) – 1:40
"What Good Does It Do" (Harold Arlen, Harburg) – 3:54
"Lost in the Stars" (Maxwell Anderson, Kurt Weil |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WCCG | WCCG is an American radio station licensed to broadcast to Hope Mills, North Carolina on FM frequency of 104.5 MHz with 6,000 watts of power, and serving the Fayetteville, North Carolina area. The station is programmed with a Mainstream Urban music format and carries Yung Joc & The Streetz Morning Takeover. It is locally owned and operated by Dr. James E. Carson, Carson Communications. Its studios are located in downtown Fayetteville, just less than one block south of Market House, and its transmitter is located east of Hope Mills.
History
The 104.5 frequency was allocated in 1986. Among the applicants were John Dawson of WQSM. Dr. James Carson, a former Fayetteville State University vice chancellor, applied with the FCC in 1987 and was awarded a construction permit three years later. On April 16, 1997, WCCG signed on with commercial-free classical music performed on a piano. The station was not yet at full power.
"The Vibe" began broadcasting at 6000 watts June 19, 1997 with "Love and Happiness" by Al Green. The format was classic R&B with such artists as Marvin Gaye, the Supremes, the Shirelles, Brook Benton, Wilbert Harrison, Rick James, Ruth Brown, James Brown, and Ike and Tina Turner. Ron Scurry was morning host, and Tracey Vee, another DJ, went by the name "TV on Your Radio." WFLB was the area's other oldies station.
On November 13, 2000, The Vibe stopped playing older music except on Saturdays, switching to a mix of current R&B and 80s and 90s hits but no rap, in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Ipswich%20Town%20F.C.%20seasons | Ipswich Town Football Club have played association football since their foundation in 1878. For every season in which they have played, a set of statistics exist for their results in a number of competitions, including competitions in English and European football.
Following the club's foundation, Ipswich Town played amateur football against teams from around Suffolk. During the 1880s, the club played a number of matches in the Suffolk Challenge Cup, winning it three times. Throughout the early part of the 20th century, Ipswich played in various amateur competitions including the Norfolk & Suffolk League, the South East Anglian League, the Eastern Counties League and the Southern Amateur League. Turning professional in 1936, Ipswich joined the Southern Football League before moving into the Football League by gaining entry to Division Three (South) in the 1937–38 season.
The club has won the League Championship on a single occasion, the FA Cup once, and the UEFA Cup once. This list details the club's achievements in all competitive competitions, and the top scorers for each season.
Seasons
Key
P = Played
W = Games won
D = Games drawn
L = Games lost
F = Goals for
A = Goals against
Pts = Points
Pos = Final position
N&SL = Norfolk & Suffolk League
EAL = East Anglian League
SAL = Southern Amateur League
ECL = Eastern Counties Football League
SL = Southern League
Div 1 = Football League First Division
Div 2 = Football League Second Division
Div 3(S) = Foot |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6-MeO-THH | 6-MeO-THH, or 6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroharman, is a β-carboline (or more specifically a pinoline) derivative and a structural isomer of tetrahydroharmine (7-MeO-THH). 6-MeO-THH is mentioned in Alexander Shulgin's book TiHKAL (Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved), stating that 6-MeO-THH is very similar to the other carbolines. Limited testing suggests that it possesses mild psychoactive effects at 1.5 mg/kg and is said to be about one-third as potent as 6-methoxyharmalan. It has been isolated from certain plants of the Virola family.
Pharmacology
Very little is known about the psychoactivity of 6-MeO-THH in humans. Studies in rats have shown it to bind to a number of serotonin 5-HT1 receptors and 5-HT2 receptors, dopamine D2 receptors, benzodiazepine receptors, and imidazoline receptors.
See also
Beta-carboline
Harmala alkaloid
Tryptamine
References
Psychedelic tryptamines
Beta-Carbolines |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnes%20%28name%29 | Barnes is an English surname and rare given name. At the time of the British Census of 1881, the relative frequency of the surname Barnes was highest in Dorset (2.9 times the British average), followed by Wiltshire, Cumberland, Hampshire, Norfolk, Cambridgeshire, Buckinghamshire, Huntingdonshire, Lancashire and Sussex.
There are multiple theories of the origin of the surname; it is variously suggested to be of Anglo-Saxon, Norse, or Irish provenance. According to one etymology, the name is derived from Old English beorn (warrior), which is in turn of Old Norse origin. In another account, it was simply an occupational name for a person who works in a barn, or a topographic name for a person who lives near a barn.
People with the surname
Common entries
Alan Barnes (disambiguation)
Albert Barnes (disambiguation)
Alex Barnes (disambiguation)
Arthur Barnes (disambiguation)
Ben Barnes (disambiguation)
Billy Barnes (disambiguation)
Brian Barnes (disambiguation)
Chris Barnes (disambiguation)
David Barnes (disambiguation)
Edward Barnes (disambiguation)
Fred Barnes (disambiguation)
George Barnes (disambiguation)
Harry Barnes (disambiguation)
Henry Barnes (disambiguation)
Jack Barnes (disambiguation)
James Barnes (disambiguation)
Jim Barnes (disambiguation)
John Barnes (disambiguation)
Jonathan Barnes (disambiguation)
Linda Barnes (disambiguation)
Michael Barnes (disambiguation)
Peter Barnes (disambiguation)
Richard Barnes (disambiguation)
Robert Barnes (disambiguation)
Ronald Barne |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alton%20Meister | Alton Meister (1922–1995) was an American biochemist who made pioneering contributions to the study of glutathione metabolism.
Alton Meister was born in New York City to Morris Meister and Florence Glickstein Meister. He received an undergraduate degree from Harvard University and an MD from Cornell University Medical College (now Weill Cornell Medical College). He then moved to the National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland. He remained there until 1955 when he became Chairman of the Department of Biochemistry at Tufts University. Meister returned to Cornell University Medical College in 1967 and served as chairman of its biochemistry department until 1991. He died in 1995 at the age of 72.
References
20th-century American biochemists
1922 births
1995 deaths
Harvard University alumni
Weill Cornell Medical College alumni
Tufts University faculty
Weill Medical College of Cornell University faculty
Members of the National Academy of Medicine |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trioxsalen | Trioxsalen (trimethylpsoralen (TMP), trioxysalen (INN) or Trisoralen) is a furanocoumarin and a psoralen derivative. It is obtained from several plants, mainly Psoralea corylifolia. Like other psoralens it causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered either topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A (the least damaging form of ultraviolet light) for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and hand eczema. After photoactivation it creates interstrand cross-links in DNA, which can cause programmed cell death unless repaired by cellular mechanisms. In research it can be conjugated to dyes for confocal microscopy and used to visualize sites of DNA damage. The compound is also being explored for development of antisense oligonucleotides that can be cross-linked specifically to a mutant mRNA sequence without affecting normal transcripts differing at even a single base pair.
Trioxsalen (abbreviated as TMP) activated by UV-A exposure is commonly used in genetics research as an experimental mutagen. UV/TMP generates small deletions (~1-3 Kbp), but all base transitions and transversions can also be obtained.
References
Furanocoumarins
O-methylated coumarins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Problem%20of%20Cell%2013 |
"The Problem of Cell 13" is a short story by Jacques Futrelle. It was first published in 1905 and later collected in The Thinking Machine (1907), which was featured in crime writer H. R. F. Keating's list of the 100 best crime and mystery books ever published. Science fiction and mystery author Harlan Ellison recalled that this story was his selection for "Lawrence Block's Best Mysteries of the Century".
Plot summary
Like Futrelle's other short stories, "The Problem of Cell 13" features Augustus S. F. X. Van Dusen as the main character, although most of the story is seen through the perspective of a prison warden. While in a scientific debate with two men, Dr. Charles Ransome and Alfred Fielding, Augustus, "The Thinking Machine", insists that nothing is impossible when the human mind is properly applied. To prove this, he agrees that he will take part in an experiment in which he will be incarcerated in a prison for one week and given the challenge of escaping.
Adaptations
The story was adapted for television by Arthur A. Ross in 1962 as part of the U.S. series Kraft Mystery Theater. The episode starred Claude Dauphin as Van Dusen, and was awarded the 1963 Edgar Award for Best Episode in a TV Series.
"Cell 13", a 1973 adaptation for the British series The Rivals of Sherlock Holmes, featured Douglas Wilmer, famous for his portrayal of Holmes in BBC productions of the sixties, as the Professor.
In 1978, West Berlin radio station RIAS produced and broadcast "Das sicherste |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAD%2B%20kinase | {{DISPLAYTITLE:NAD+ kinase}}
NAD+ kinase (EC 2.7.1.23, NADK) is an enzyme that converts nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) into NADP+ through phosphorylating the NAD+ coenzyme. NADP+ is an essential coenzyme that is reduced to NADPH primarily by the pentose phosphate pathway to provide reducing power in biosynthetic processes such as fatty acid biosynthesis and nucleotide synthesis. The structure of the NADK from the archaean Archaeoglobus fulgidus has been determined.
In humans, the genes NADK and MNADK encode NAD+ kinases localized in cytosol and mitochondria, respectively. Similarly, yeast have both cytosolic and mitochondrial isoforms, and the yeast mitochondrial isoform accepts both NAD+ and NADH as substrates for phosphorylation.
Reaction
ATP + NAD+ ADP + NADP+
Mechanism
NADK phosphorylates NAD+ at the 2’ position of the ribose ring that carries the adenine moiety. It is highly selective for its substrates, NAD and ATP, and does not tolerate modifications either to the phosphoryl acceptor, NAD, or the pyridine moiety of the phosphoryl donor, ATP. NADK also uses metal ions to coordinate the ATP in the active site. In vitro studies with various divalent metal ions have shown that zinc and manganese are preferred over magnesium, while copper and nickel are not accepted by the enzyme at all. A proposed mechanism involves the 2' alcohol oxygen acting as a nucleophile to attack the gamma-phosphoryl of ATP, releasing ADP.
Regulation
NADK is highly regulated b |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20E.%20Johnston%20III | Walter Eugene Johnston III (March 3, 1936 – March 28, 2018), usually known as Gene Johnston, was an American politician who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from North Carolina between 1981 and 1983.
Biography
Johnston was born in Winston-Salem, North Carolina and attended local public schools. He graduated from the Georgia Military Academy in 1953, and then enrolled as a student at Duke University for one year before entering into the armed forces. He served in the United States Army, Specialist Five from 1954 to 1957. He returned to school at Wake Forest University, earning a degree in accounting, and returning to receive a Juris Doctor. He was admitted to the North Carolina bar in 1961 and commenced practice in Greensboro, North Carolina. Johnston practiced tax law from 1967 to 1980. He was employed as a CPA by A.M Pullen & Co. in the early 1960s.
Johnston was elected as a Republican to the 97th Congress in the 1980 elections, defeating 12-year incumbent Rich Preyer by a narrow 4,000-vote margin. He was likely helped by Ronald Reagan carrying his Greensboro-based district. However, he was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1982, losing his bid to Robin Britt. Johnston served as North Carolina Chairman for the Reagan/Bush reelection Committee in 1984 and a delegate to the Republican National Convention. Afterward, he became chairman of the board of a commercial printing company in Greensboro and chairman of Pace Communications a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article%20spinning | Article spinning is a writing technique used in search engine optimization (SEO), and other applications, which creates what deceitfully appears to be new content from what already exists. Content spinning works by replacing specific words, phrases, sentences, or even entire paragraphs with any number of alternate versions, in order to provide a slightly different variation with each spin — also known as Rogeting. This process can be completely automated or written manually as many times as needed. Early content produced through automated methods often resulted in articles which were hard or even impossible to read. However, as article-spinning techniques were refined they became more sophisticated, and can now result in readable articles which, upon cursory review, can appear original.
The practice is sometimes considered to fall under the category of spamdexing, a black hat SEO practice, given that no genuinely new content is created. Website authors use article spinning to reduce the similarity ratio of rather redundant pages or pages with minimal or meaningless or uninformative content, and to avoid penalties in the search engine results pages (SERPs) for using duplicate content.
Article spinning is also used in other types of applications, such as message personalization and chatbots.
Regardless of the application, the end result is a proliferation of documents that are all similar but are superficially disguised as being different. The spin-generated documen |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articulated%20body%20pose%20estimation | Articulated body pose estimation in computer vision is the study of algorithms and systems that recover the pose of an articulated body, which consists of joints and rigid parts using image-based observations. It is one of the longest-lasting problems in computer vision because of the complexity of the models that relate observation with pose, and because of the variety of situations in which it would be useful.
Description
Perception of human beings in their neighboring environment is an important capability that robots must possess. If a person uses gestures to point to a particular object, then the interacting machine should be able to understand the situation in real world context. Thus pose estimation is an important and challenging problem in computer vision, and many algorithms have been deployed in solving this problem over the last two decades. Many solutions involve training complex models with large data sets.
Pose estimation is a difficult problem and an active subject of research because the human body has 244 degrees of freedom with 230 joints. Although not all movements between joints are evident, the human body is composed of 10 large parts with 20 degrees of freedom. Algorithms must account for large variability introduced by differences in appearance due to clothing, body shape, size, and hairstyles. Additionally, the results may be ambiguous due to partial occlusions from self-articulation, such as a person's hand covering their face, or occlusions from |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Other%20White | The term Other White, or White Other, is a classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom used in documents, such as the 2011 UK Census, to describe people who self-identify as white (chiefly European) persons who are not of the English, Welsh, Scottish, Romani or Irish ethnic groupings.
The category does not comprise a single ethnic group but is instead a method of identification for white people who are not represented by other white census categories. This means that the Other White group contains a diverse collection of people not of British, Irish or Romani descent, or with different countries of birth.
In 2011, the Scottish Government introduced the category White Polish to differentiate Polish Britons, and Polish residents, living in Scotland from this broad grouping.
The categorisation was primarily intended to cover people with that have descended or migrated from Continental Europe, with the largest represented ethnic groups being Poles (except in Scotland since 2011), Germans, Romanians, Italians and the French. However, white people from outside of the continent, are also represented in the White Other category.
Along with White British and White Irish, the category does not appear in Northern Ireland, where only one single "White" classification was presented to respondents.
According to the 2021 United Kingdom census, those identifying as Other White in England & Wales enumerated 3,667,997, or 6.2% of the population.
Demographics
Birthplace
Accord |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Days | is J-pop artist Mayumi Iizuka's 11th album.
Exposition
The first released CDs have a rhinestone made by Swarovski.
Song #1, #3, #5, #6 and #7 are lyrics by Mayumi Iizuka, and Song #6 is composed by HoshiMai (星舞), the pen name of Mayumi Iizuka.
Track listing
Crystal Days (クリスタルデイズ)
Lyrics: Mayumi Iizuka
Composition: cota
Arrangement: Michiaki Kato
Dear
Lyrics: Tombow and Yuya Tsunagawa
Composition: Yuya Tsunagawa
Arrangement: Masanori Takumi
Mawaridasu Kimochi (まわりだす気持ち / The Rolling Feeling)
Lyrics: Kohei Dojima and Mayumi Iizuka
Composition: Kohei Dojima
Arrangement: Masanori Takumi
Baby, Dance with Me
Lyrics and composition: Sora Izumikawa
Arrangement: Tomofumi Suzuki
Only You
Lyrics: Kohei Dojima and Mayumi Iizuka
Composition: Kohei Dojima
Arrangement: Tomofumi Suzuki
Sotto (そっと/ Tenderly)
Lyrics: Mayumi Iizuka
Composition: HoshiMai (Mayumi Iizuka)
Arrangement: Michiaki Kato
Ima Kokode (いまここで / Here and Now)
Lyrics: Kohei Dojima and Mayumi Iizuka
Composition: Kohei Dojima
Arrangement: Tomoki Hasegawa
Rose Rose
Lyrics: Kaori Kano
Composition and arrangement: cota
Capri Blue Friend
Lyrics: Kaori Kano
Composition and arrangement: Tomoki Hasegawa
Mille-feuille (ミルフィーユ)
Lyrics and composition: Sora Izumikawa
Arrangement: Michiaki Kato
External links
Ani-son Tsushin Vol.18 Mayumi Iizuka - Log-in is required
"Mayumi Iizuka Live Strawberry Crystal 2007" was the Live that Sparkles Like a Crystal - Log-in is required
2007 albums
Mayumi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-A10 | HLA-A10 is a broad antigen HLA-A serotype. The ancestral A10 type is believed to be A*2601, which via gene conversion with other HLA-A alleles produced A*2501, A*3401, A*4301 and A*6601. A10 serotypes in general show a pattern of more recent expansion. A34 is an excellent example, appearing to have expanded from the middle east, with linkage disequilibrium with B alleles into Austronesia, South Pacific, Philippines and as far north as Taiwan (where it is found in the Taiwan Ami and Yami tribal groups but rare in ethnic Chinese nor in Hong Kong Chinese). A*66 appears to have expanded from North Africa into the Middle East or Europe and A26 appears to have expanded Black Sea and, after the initial settlement from the southern West Pacific Rim peoples, into Japan . Whether this is a secondary migration from Africa or a re-expansion from within Eurasia is unclear.
References
1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-A9 | HLA-A9 (A9) is a broad antigen HLA-A serotype that recognized the HLA-A23 and HLA-A24 serotypes. A*2402 appears to have evolved from A*23 alleles by a process of gene conversion. The A23 is more common in Africa and regions proximal to Africa. A24 is at very high frequencies in Austronesia and certain indigenous peoples of the Arctic, North America, South America and West Pacific Rim. While it is common over most of Eurasia, it is found at low abundance in NW Europe. A24 appears to have been carried by the first colonizers of South Eastern Asia.
References
9 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram%20Saenger | Wolfram Saenger (born 1939) is a German biochemist and protein crystallographer. In his research career spanning over 30 years he has worked at the Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Harvard University (Harvard Medical School) and the Free University of Berlin, where he led the Institute for Crystallography research until his retirement in 2011. A recipient of the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize (1987) of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, which is the highest honor awarded for achievements in research in Germany, and the Humboldt Prize (1988), he is best known for his research on X-ray crystallography of membrane proteins and protein-nucleic acid complexes. He has authored 10 books, including the venerated book 'Principles of Nucleic Acid Structure' published by Springer, and over 500 scientific articles.
He is a fellow of the IUPAC and the National Academy of Sciences.
Partial list of major scientific contributions
Water Molecule in Hydrophobic Surroundings: Structure of alpha-Cyclodextrin-Hexahydrate (C6H10O5)6·6H2O, Nature, 1972
Circular hydrogen bonds, Nature, 1979
Specific protein-nucleic acid recognition in ribonuclease T1−2'-guanylic acid complex: an X-ray study, Nature 1982
DNA conformation is determined by economics in the hydration of phosphate groups, Nature 1986
Long-range structural changes in proteinase K triggered by calcium ion removal, Nature 1989
Three-dimensional structure of the E. coli DMA-binding protein FIS, Nature 1991
Three-d |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical%20Chinese%20writers | Classical Chinese writers were trained as compilers rather than as originators composing information. These writers in Classical Chinese were trained by memorizing extensive tracts in the classics and histories. Their method of constructing their own work was to extensively cut and paste passages and fragments from these sources. Today this would be called plagiarism. However, these early Chinese writers considered themselves not as creators, but as preservers of the record. The continuing controversy over the meaning of Chinese text is best understood by examining the classical scholar's way of writing. Zhu Xi was a great editor and commentator but his prime aim was moral learning, considered far more important than art or literature. Zhu Xi cemented Confucian moral righteousness into the Chinese methods of evaluation. Joseph Needham has said, Chinese writers made careful note of observable concrete phenomena but they made little use of categorical analysis or the building of logical systems.
Footnotes
Chinese culture |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20propeller | Molecular propeller is a molecule that can propel fluids when rotated, due to its special shape that is designed in analogy to macroscopic propellers: it has several molecular-scale blades attached at a certain pitch angle around the circumference of a shaft, aligned along the rotational axis.
The molecular propellers designed in the group of Prof. Petr Král from the University of Illinois at Chicago have their blades formed by planar aromatic molecules and the shaft is a carbon nanotube. Molecular dynamics simulations show that these propellers can serve as efficient pumps in the bulk and at the surfaces of liquids. Their pumping efficiency depends on the chemistry of the interface between the blades and the liquid. For example, if the blades are hydrophobic, water molecules do not bind to them, and the propellers can pump them well. If the blades are hydrophilic, water molecules form hydrogen bonds with the atoms in the polar blades. This can largely block the flow of other water molecules around the blades and significantly slow down their pumping.
Driving
Molecular propellers can be rotated by molecular motors that can be driven by chemical, biological, optical and electrical means, or various ratchet-like mechanisms. Nature realizes most biological activities with a large number of highly sophisticated molecular motors, such as myosin, kinesin, and ATP synthase. For example, rotary molecular motors attached to protein-based tails called flagella can propel bacteria. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bexhill%20FM | Bexhill FM is a restricted service licence FM frequency station broadcasting to Bexhill on Sea, East Sussex, UK for two weeks a year.
The station is regulated by Ofcom, the UK's communications regulator, whenever it is on air in its RSL period. The station is managed when it is on air by Bexhill High Academy and Bexhill College students.
Radio stations in Sussex
Radio stations established in 2003
Bexhill-on-Sea |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRD5A2 | The human gene SRD5A2 encodes the 3-oxo-5α-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 2 enzyme, also known as 5α-reductase type 2 (5αR2), one of three isozymes of 5α-reductase.
5αR2 catalyzes the conversion of the male sex hormone testosterone into the more potent androgen, dihydrotestosterone.
5αR2 is a microsomal protein expressed at high levels in androgen-sensitive tissues such as the prostate. The enzyme is active at acidic pH and is sensitive to the 4-azasteroid inhibitor finasteride. Deficiencies in 5αR2 activity of the can lead to a condition known as 5α-reductase 2 deficiency, which is a cause of 46,XY DSD that presents as atypical male genitalia.
See also
5α-Reductase
References
Further reading |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu%27s%20method%20of%20characteristic%20set | Wenjun Wu's method is an algorithm for solving multivariate polynomial equations introduced in the late 1970s by the Chinese mathematician Wen-Tsun Wu. This method is based on the mathematical concept of characteristic set introduced in the late 1940s by J.F. Ritt. It is fully independent of the Gröbner basis method, introduced by Bruno Buchberger (1965), even if Gröbner bases may be used to compute characteristic sets.
Wu's method is powerful for mechanical theorem proving in elementary geometry, and provides a complete decision process for certain classes of problem. It has been used in research in his laboratory (KLMM, Key Laboratory of Mathematics Mechanization in Chinese Academy of Science) and around the world. The main trends of research on Wu's method concern systems of polynomial equations of positive dimension and differential algebra where Ritt's results have been made effective. Wu's method has been applied in various scientific fields, like biology, computer vision, robot kinematics and especially automatic proofs in geometry.
Informal description
Wu's method uses polynomial division to solve problems of the form:
where f is a polynomial equation and I is a conjunction of polynomial equations. The algorithm is complete for such problems over the complex domain.
The core idea of the algorithm is that you can divide one polynomial by another to give a remainder. Repeated division results in either the remainder vanishing (in which case the I implies f state |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lule%C3%A5%20algorithm | The Luleå algorithm of computer science, designed by , is a technique for storing and searching internet routing tables efficiently. It is named after the Luleå University of Technology, the home institute/university of the technique's authors. The name of the algorithm does not appear in the original paper describing it, but was used in a message from Craig Partridge to the Internet Engineering Task Force describing that paper prior to its publication.
The key task to be performed in internet routing is to match a given IPv4 address (viewed as a sequence of 32 bits) to the longest prefix of the address for which routing information is available. This prefix matching problem may be solved by a trie, but trie structures use a significant amount of space (a node for each bit of each address) and searching them requires traversing a sequence of nodes with length proportional to the number of bits in the address. The Luleå algorithm shortcuts this process by storing only the nodes at three levels of the trie structure, rather than storing the entire trie.
Before building the Luleå trie, the routing table entries need to be preprocessed. Any bigger prefix that overlaps a smaller prefix must be repeatedly split into smaller prefixes, and only the split prefixes which does not overlap the smaller prefix is kept. It is also required that the prefix tree is complete. If there is no routing table entries for the entire address space, it must be completed by adding dummy entries, whi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball-Reference.com | Baseball-Reference is a website providing baseball statistics for every player in Major League Baseball history. The site is often used by major media organizations and baseball broadcasters as a source for statistics. It offers a variety of advanced baseball sabermetrics in addition to traditional baseball "counting stats".
Baseball-Reference is part of Sports Reference, LLC; according to an article in Street & Smith's Sports Business Journal, the company's sites have more than one million unique users per month.
History
Founder Sean Forman began developing the website while working on his Ph.D. dissertation in applied math and computational science at the University of Iowa. While writing his dissertation, he had also been writing articles on and blogging about sabermetrics. Forman's database was originally built from the Total Baseball series of baseball encyclopedias.
The website went online in April 2000, after first being launched in February 2000 as part of the website for the Big Bad Baseball Annual. It was originally built as a web interface to the Lahman Baseball Database, though it now employs a variety of data sources.
In 2004, Forman founded Sports Reference. Sports Reference is a website that came out of the Baseball Reference website. The company was incorporated as Sports Reference, LLC in 2007. In 2006, Forman left his job as a math professor at Saint Joseph's University in order to focus on Baseball-Reference full-time.
In February 2009, Fantasy Sports |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souders%E2%80%93Brown%20equation | The Souders–Brown equation (named after Mott Souders and George Granger Brown) has been a tool for obtaining the maximum allowable vapor velocity in vapor–liquid separation vessels (variously called flash drums, knockout drums, knockout pots, compressor suction drums and compressor inlet drums). It has also been used for the same purpose in designing trayed fractionating columns, trayed absorption columns and other vapor–liquid-contacting columns.
A vapor–liquid separator drum is a vertical vessel into which a liquid and vapor mixture (or a flashing liquid) is fed and wherein the liquid is separated by gravity, falls to the bottom of the vessel, and is withdrawn. The vapor travels upward at a design velocity which minimizes the entrainment of any liquid droplets in the vapor as it exits the top of the vessel.
Use
The diameter of a vapor–liquid separator drum is dictated by the expected volumetric flow rate of vapor and liquid from the drum. The following sizing methodology is based on the assumption that those flow rates are known.
Use a vertical pressure vessel with a length–diameter ratio of about 3 to 4, and size the vessel to provide about 5 minutes of liquid inventory between the normal liquid level and the bottom of the vessel (with the normal liquid level being somewhat below the feed inlet).
Calculate the maximum allowable vapor velocity in the vessel by using the Souders–Brown equation:
Then the cross-sectional area of the drum can be found from:
And the drum d |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML%2BMathML%2BSVG | XHTML+MathML+SVG is a W3C standard that describes an integration of MathML and Scalable Vector Graphics semantics with XHTML and Cascading Style Sheets. It is categorized as "obsolete" on the W3C's HTML Current Status page.
References
External links
W3C Working Draft
World Wide Web Consortium standards |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Statistics%20Office%20of%20Georgia | The National Statistics Office (GeoStat) (, sak'art'velos statistikis erovnuli samsakhuri; საქსტატი, sak'stati) is an agency in charge of national statistics and responsible for carrying out population, agricultural and other censuses in Georgia. It was established as a legal entity of public law according to the December 11, 2009 law of Georgia, succeeding the Department of Statistics of the Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia. The head office is located in Tbilisi.
History
The earliest references to the collection of statistics in Georgia date from the 13th century. Materials from population censuses made in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in various regions of the country have survived to the present day.
On November 15, 1918 a temporary Statistical Bureau was formed within the Ministry of Agriculture of the Democratic Republic of Georgia. The bureau's functions included development of materials for agricultural census, accounting of the available land and determining of norms for its distribution. On the basis of law enacted by the Constituent Assembly on July 25, 1919, a Republican Statistical Committee was formed within the same ministry. The committee was assigned to manage all types of statistical works of national importance. During the Soviet rule (1921–1991), the national statistics service was provided by the Central Statistics Division. In a newly independent Georgia, it was succeeded by the Social and Economic Information Commi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRBP | IRBP may refer to two proteins:
Iron-responsive element binding protein, involved in the regulation of iron metabolism; and
RBP3 (Retinol-binding protein 3 = Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein = Interstitial retinol-binding protein), an eye protein commonly used as a phylogenetic marker. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loma%20%28microsporidian%29 | Loma is a genus of microsporidian parasites, infecting fish. The taxonomic position of Loma in the family Glugeidae has been questioned by DNA sequencing results.
Species include
Loma acerinae - formerly placed in Glugea
Loma branchialis - the type species
Loma camerounensis - a parasite of the cichlid fish, Oreochromis niloticus
Loma dimorpha
Loma morhua
Loma myriophis - parasite of the ophichthid fish, Myrophis platyrhynchus
Loma salmonae - a parasite of Pacific salmon, Oncorhynchus spp.
Loma trichiuri - a parasite of a marine trichiurid fish, Trichiurus savala''
References
Microsporidia genera
Parasites of fish |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myristoleic%20acid | Myristoleic acid, or 9-tetradecenoic acid, is an omega-5 fatty acid. It is biosynthesized from myristic acid by the enzyme Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1, but it is uncommon in nature. One of the major sources of this fatty acid is the seed oil from plants of the family Myristicaceae, comprising up to 30 per cent of the oil in some species. It is a constituent of Serenoa or Saw palmetto, and appears to have activity against LNCaP prostate-cancer cells.
See also
Cetyl myristoleate
References
Fatty acids
Alkenoic acids |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaux | Deaux is a small, wooded commune in the Gard department in southern France.
Geography
Climate
Deaux has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa). The average annual temperature in Deaux is . The average annual rainfall is with October as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around , and lowest in January, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Deaux was on 28 June 2019; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 5 February 2012.
See also
Communes of the Gard department
References
Communes of Gard |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colognac | Colognac (; ) is a commune in the Gard department in southern France.
Geography
Climate
Colognac has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csb). The average annual temperature in Colognac is . The average annual rainfall is with November as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around , and lowest in January, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Colognac was on 21 August 2012; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 27 February 2018.
Population
See also
Communes of the Gard department
References
Communes of Gard |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavillargues | Cavillargues (; ) is a commune in the Gard department in southern France.
Geography
Climate
Cavillargues has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa). The average annual temperature in Cavillargues is . The average annual rainfall is with November as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around , and lowest in January, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Cavillargues was on 28 June 2019; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 5 January 1971.
Population
See also
Communes of the Gard department
Cavillargues medallion
References
External links
Webpage about Cavillargues
Communes of Gard |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardet | Cardet (; ) is a commune in the Gard department in southern France.
Geography
Climate
Cardet has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa). The average annual temperature in Cardet is . The average annual rainfall is with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around , and lowest in January, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Cardet was on 28 June 2019; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 3 January 1971.
Population
See also
Altar frontal from Cardet
Communes of the Gard department
References
Communes of Gard |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patch%20test%20%28finite%20elements%29 | The patch test in the finite element method is a simple indicator of the quality of a finite element, developed by Bruce Irons.
The patch test uses a partial differential equation on a domain consisting from several elements set up so that the exact solution is known and can be reproduced, in principle, with zero error. Typically, in mechanics, the prescribed exact solution consists of displacements that vary as piecewise linear functions in space (called a constant strain solution). The elements pass the patch test if the finite element solution is the same as the exact solution.
It was long conjectured by engineers that passing the patch test is sufficient for the convergence of the finite element, that is, to ensure that the solutions from the finite element method converge to the exact solution of the partial differential equation as the finite element mesh is refined. However, this is not the case, and the patch test is neither sufficient nor necessary for convergence.
A broader definition of patch test (applicable to any numerical method, including and beyond finite elements) is any test problem having an exact solution that can, in principle, be exactly reproduced by the numerical approximation. Therefore, a finite-element simulation that uses linear shape functions has patch tests for which the exact solution must be piecewise linear, while higher-order finite elements have correspondingly higher-order patch tests.
References
Finite element method |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culicoides | Culicoides is a genus of biting midges in the family Ceratopogonidae. There are over 1000 species in the genus, which is divided into many subgenera. Several species are known to be vectors of various diseases and parasites which can affect animals. The genus has a long fossil record, with earliest known fossils being from Burmese amber, around 99 million years old.
Notable taxa
The systematics and taxonomy of this genus are confused. A large number of species are of unknown relation to those that have been assigned to subgenera already. Furthermore, many subgenera are sometimes elevated to full genus status, or additional genera (such as Paradasyhelea) are included as subgenera herein.
A widely cited, periodically updated, subgeneric classification of species of Culicoides begins with the warning that the traditional approach to classification of species in this genus has led to "phylogenetic chaos". Some of the specific consequences are mentioned, as well as recommendations for future work. A molecular phylogeny based on 42 species from 3 continents was proposed in 2017. In this work, the authors found that the subgenera Monoculicoides, Culicoides, Haematomyidium, Hoffmania, Remmia and Avaritia (including the main vectors of bluetongue virus disease) were monophyletic, whereas the subgenus Oecacta was paraphyletic. The study validated the subgenus Remmia (= Schultzei group) as a valid subgenus, outside of the subgenus Oecacta. The authors also considered that in Europe, C |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-A25 |
A25 frequencies
A*2501 distribution is primarily located in Western Eurasia. Frequency tends to be highest in the populations that underwent later neolithization suggesting A*2501 spread in Europe. The high frequency in Saudi Arabia is suggestive of a source.
References
2 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothrix | Endothrix refers to dermatophyte infections of the hair that invade the hair shaft and internalize into the hair cell. This is in contrast to exothrix (ectothrix), where a dermatophyte infection remains confined to the hair surface. Using an ultraviolet Wood's lamp, endothrix infections will not fluoresce whereas some exothrix infections may fluoresce bright green or yellow-green.
References
Animal fungal diseases |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Melbourne%20Storm%20records | This article contains records and statistics for the Melbourne Storm Rugby League Club who have played in the Australian National Rugby League competition since 1998. Statistical information on this page is for NRL games only and does not take into account games against non NRL teams e.g. World Club Challenge games.
This article is current as round 27 of the 2023 NRL season.
Sources of information: Rugby League Project and Rugby League Tables
Melbourne Storm Win–loss record
Overall
Melbourne Storm Win–loss records
Club honours
NRL Premierships
NRL Runners Up
NRL Minor Premierships
NRL Under-20s Premierships
World Club Challenge Titles
Finals Appearances
1998, 1999, 2000, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023
Club Records
Winning Games
Top 10 Biggest Wins
Top 10 Highest Scores
Most Consecutive Wins
19, Round 4 (2 April 2021) — Round 23 (19 August 2021)
Biggest Comeback
Recovered from a 22-point deficit.
Trailed Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks 22–0 after 32 minutes to win 36–32 at Shark Park (16 March 2003).
Losing Games
Top 10 Biggest Losses
Top 10 Highest Scores Conceded
Most Consecutive Losses
6, Round 7 (27 April 2002) – Round 13 (8 June 2002)
Worst Collapse
Surrendered an 18-point lead.
Led Canberra Raiders 18–0 after 29 minutes to lose 22–18 at Melbourne Rectangular Stadium (17 August 2019).
Individual Records
Games for club
NRL Games only
Players that have played 150+ |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion-controlled%20reaction | Diffusion-controlled (or diffusion-limited) reactions are reactions in which the reaction rate is equal to the rate of transport of the reactants through the reaction medium (usually a solution). The process of chemical reaction can be considered as involving the diffusion of reactants until they encounter each other in the right stoichiometry and form an activated complex which can form the product species. The observed rate of chemical reactions is, generally speaking, the rate of the slowest or "rate determining" step. In diffusion controlled reactions the formation of products from the activated complex is much faster than the diffusion of reactants and thus the rate is governed by collision frequency.
Diffusion control is rare in the gas phase, where rates of diffusion of molecules are generally very high. Diffusion control is more likely in solution where diffusion of reactants is slower due to the greater number of collisions with solvent molecules. Reactions where the activated complex forms easily and the products form rapidly are most likely to be limited by diffusion control. Examples are those involving catalysis and enzymatic reactions. Heterogeneous reactions where reactants are in different phases are also candidates for diffusion control.
One classical test for diffusion control of a heterogeneous reaction is to observe whether the rate of reaction is affected by stirring or agitation; if so then the reaction is almost certainly diffusion controlled under th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postmodern%20social%20construction%20of%20nature | The postmodern social construction of nature is a theorem or speculation of postmodernist continental philosophy that poses an alternative critique of previous mainstream, Promethean discourse about environmental sustainability and ecopolitics.
Position
Whereas traditional criticisms of environmentalism come from the more conservative "right" of politics, leftist critiques of nature pioneered by postmodernist constructionism highlight the need to recognise "the other". The implicit assumption made by theorists like Wapner refer to it as a new "response to ecocriticism [which] would require critics to acknowledge the ways in which they themselves silence nature and then to respect the sheer otherness of the non-human world."
Criticism
Critics argue that, by capturing the nonhuman world within its own conceptual domain, postmodern exerts precisely the urge toward mastery that it criticizes in modernity. Thus, postmodern cultural criticism deepens the modernist urge toward mastery by eliminating the ontological weight of the nonhuman world. "What else could it mean to assert that there is no such thing as nature?". The issue becomes an existentialist query about whether nature can exist in a humanist critique, and whether we can discern the "others'" views in relation to our actions on their behalf. This is referred to as the Wapner Paradox.
See also
David Demeritt's typology of the social construction of nature looks at the idea from several standpoints. He seeks to clari |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slope%20%28disambiguation%29 | Slope or gradient of a line describes its steepness, incline, or grade, in mathematics.
Slope may also refer to:
Slope landform, a type of landform
Grade (slope) of a topographic feature or constructed element
Piste, a marked track for snow skiing or snowboarding
Roof pitch, a steepness of a roof
Slope (album), a 2007 album by Steve Jansen
Slope (ethnic slur), a pejorative for Asian people
See also
Park Slope, a neighborhood in Brooklyn, New York City
Slope County, North Dakota
Slope rating in golf
Slope stability
Slope stability analysis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LU%20reduction | LU reduction is an algorithm related to LU decomposition. This term is usually used in the context of super computing and highly parallel computing. In this context it is used as a benchmarking algorithm, i.e. to provide a comparative measurement of speed for different computers. LU reduction is a special parallelized version of an LU decomposition algorithm, an example can be found in (Guitart 2001). The parallelized version usually distributes the work for a matrix row to a single processor and synchronizes the result with the whole matrix (Escribano 2000).
Sources
J. Oliver, J. Guitart, E. Ayguadé, N. Navarro and J. Torres. Strategies for Efficient Exploitation of Loop-level Parallelism in Java. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience(Java Grande 2000 Special Issue), Vol.13 (8-9), pp. 663–680. ISSN 1532-0634, July 2001, , last retrieved on Sept. 14 2007
J. Guitart, X. Martorell, J. Torres, and E. Ayguadé, Improving Java Multithreading Facilities: the Java Nanos Environment, Research Report UPC-DAC-2001-8, Computer Architecture Department, Technical University of Catalonia, March 2001, .
Arturo González-Escribano, Arjan J. C. van Gemund, Valentín Cardeñoso-Payo et al., Measuring the Performance Impact of SP-Restricted Programming in Shared-Memory Machines, In Vector and Parallel Processing — VECPAR 2000, Springer Verlag, pp. 128–141, , 2000,
Numerical linear algebra
Supercomputers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple%20M%20Sydney | Triple M Sydney (callsign 2MMM) is a radio station broadcasting in Sydney, Australia. Triple M Sydney is part of Southern Cross Austereo's Triple M network and broadcasts on the 104.9 MHz frequency.
History
The Early Days
Triple M commenced broadcasting on 2 August 1980. Together with then rival station 2Day FM, it was one of the first two commercial FM radio stations in Sydney. The Government-owned Triple J began broadcasting on the FM band just one day earlier.
The station has always been primarily a rock music station. In the 80's, Triple M was one of the highest-rating radio stations in Sydney, spearheaded by its breakfast show presented by Doug Mulray and featuring the writing of and occasional appearances by Andrew Denton. From 1988 until the early nineties, Club Veg with Mal Lees and Vic Davies hosted the Night show before moving to Perth to host the breakfast show at 96FM/Triple M.
For all of this period and into the 1990s, Triple M's promotional campaign featured the character "Dr Dan", a guitar-playing satyr with wings, and a theme song that was an extended reworking of the Mike Batt track "Introduction (The Journey of a Fool)", from his 1979 album Tarot Suite.
1990s to Early 2000s
After the Departure of Doug Mulray at breakfast, 2MMM tried a variety of breakfast show hosts, including Rob Duckworth and Sammy Power, and the Richard Stubbs Breakfast Show (broadcast from 3MMM in Melbourne). It was not until the late 1990s when Andrew Denton, a previous contribut |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistive%20ballooning%20mode | The resistive ballooning mode (RBM) is an instability occurring in magnetized plasmas, particularly in magnetic confinement devices such as tokamaks, when the pressure gradient is opposite to the effective gravity created by a magnetic field.
Linear growth rate
The linear growth rate of the RBM instability is given as
where is the pressure gradient is the effective gravity produced by a non-homogeneous magnetic field, R0 is the major radius of the device, Lp is a characteristic length of the pressure gradient, and cs is the plasma sound speed.
Similarity with the Rayleigh–Taylor instability
The RBM instability is similar to the Rayleigh–Taylor instability (RT), with Earth gravity replaced by the effective gravity , except that for the RT instability, acts on the mass density of the fluid, whereas for the RBM instability, acts on the pressure of the plasma.
Plasma instabilities
Stability theory
Tokamaks |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yizhi%20Jane%20Tao | Yizhi Jane Tao is a Chinese biochemist, structural biologist, and professor of biochemistry and cell biology at Rice University in Houston, Texas. Professor Tao led a team of researchers to be the first to map the structure of the influenza A virus nucleoprotein to an atomic level, a feat which circulated widely in the popular press. She was named among the top ten most influential Chinese of 2006 by a consortium of China's leading media outlets including Phoenix Satellite Television, China News Service, Asia Newsweek, and World Journal.
All negative-sense RNA viruses encode a nucleoprotein that surrounds the virus and allows for replication. Tao discovered that the nucleoprotein for influenza A has a distinctive loop that is necessary for the viral genome to be organized into its double-helix hairpin structure. Tao then compared the amino acid sequences of different influenza viruses and found that the nucleoprotein loop she identified is conserved among influenza viruses. Since then, Tao has also solved the structure of a capsid protein coat for a double-stranded fungal RNA virus.
Education
Born in China, Yizhi Jane Tao received a B.Sc. degree in biology from Peking University in Beijing, China in 1992. She later received her Ph.D. in biological sciences from Purdue University while studying bacteriophages under the German-American biophysicist Michael Rossmann, whose lab uncovered a 3D viral structure. She completed a postdoctoral fellowship under Stephen C. Harrison a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural%20design%20optimization | Architectural design optimization (ADO) is a subfield of engineering that uses optimization methods to study, aid, and solve architectural design problems, such as optimal floorplan layout design, optimal circulation paths between rooms, sustainability and the like. ADO can be achieved through retrofitting, or it can be incorporated within the initial construction a building. Methods of ADO might include the use of metaheuristic, direct search or model-based optimisation. It could also be a more rudimentary process involving identification of a perceived or existing problem with a buildings design in the concept design phase.
Evolution of digital ADO
The origins of digital based methods of ADO can be attributed to the early days of Computer-Aided Design (CAD), a type of software which enabled architects to create, modify and optimise their drafts freely within a digital environment. Although CAD was invented in the early 1960s, with Ivan Sutherland's Sketchpad, its applications predominated the aerospace and automotive industries. It was only until the 1970s that it became of novel use to architects, and only in the 90s did it become widespread within the industry. Programs such as AutoCAD, Rhinoceros and Revit have since assisted architects in the creation of more accurate, more extensively optimised designs by relying on computational power to determine efficient variables in areas of daylighting, energy consumption, circulation and the like. This process has been signifi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningeal%20branch%20of%20vagus%20nerve | The meningeal branch of the vagus nerve is one of the first branches of the vagus nerve at the level of the superior ganglion. The neuron cell bodies reside within the superior ganglion and innervate the dura mater in the posterior cranial fossa of the base of the skull. The meningeal branch passes back into the skull through the jugular foramen.
References
Vagus nerve |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozsv%C3%A1th%E2%80%93Sch%C3%BCcking%20metric | The Ozsváth–Schücking metric, or the Ozsváth–Schücking solution, is a vacuum solution of the Einstein field equations. The metric was published by István Ozsváth and Engelbert Schücking in 1962. It is noteworthy among vacuum solutions for being the first known solution that is stationary, globally defined, and singularity-free but nevertheless not isometric to the Minkowski metric. This stands in contradiction to a claimed strong Mach principle, which would forbid a vacuum solution from being anything but Minkowski without singularities, where the singularities are to be construed as mass as in the Schwarzschild metric.
With coordinates , define the following tetrad:
It is straightforward to verify that e(0) is timelike, e(1), e(2), e(3) are spacelike, that they are all orthogonal, and that there are no singularities. The corresponding proper time is
The Riemann tensor has only one algebraically independent, nonzero component
which shows that the spacetime is Ricci flat but not conformally flat. That is sufficient to conclude that it is a vacuum solution distinct from Minkowski spacetime. Under a suitable coordinate transformation, the metric can be rewritten as
and is therefore an example of a pp-wave spacetime.
References
Exact solutions in general relativity |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclopyrrolones | Cyclopyrrolones are a family of hypnotic and anxiolytic nonbenzodiazepine drugs with similar pharmacological profiles to the benzodiazepine derivatives.
Although cyclopyrrolones are chemically unrelated to benzodiazepines, they function via the benzodiazepine receptor of neurotransmitter GABA. The best-known cyclopyrrolone derivatives are zopiclone (Imovane) and its active single-enantiomer component, eszopiclone (Lunesta), which are used to treat insomnia, and have a known potential for abuse. Other cyclopyrrolones include:
Pagoclone – anxiolytic
Pazinaclone – anxiolytic
Suproclone – anxiolytic
Suriclone – anxiolytic
References
Chemical classes of psychoactive drugs |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tygon%20tubing | Tygon® is a brand name for a family of flexible polymer tubing consisting of a variety of materials to be used "across a range of specialized fluid transfer requirements". The specific composition of each type is a trade secret. Some variants have multiple layers of different materials. Tygon is a registered trademark of Saint-Gobain Corporation. It is an invented word, owned and used by Saint-Gobain and originated in the late 1930s. Tygon products are produced in three countries, but sold throughout the world. Tygon tubing is used in many markets, including food and beverage, chemical processing, industrial, laboratory, medical, pharmaceutical, and semiconductor processing. There are many formulations of clear, flexible, Tygon tubing. The chemical resistance and physical properties vary among the different formulations, but the tubing generally is intended to be "so resistant to chemical attack that it will handle practically any chemical", whether liquid, gas, or slurry. While largely non-reactive, Tygon has been reported to liberate carbon monoxide and is listed among carbon monoxide-releasing molecules.
Formulations and applications
Food and beverage applications
Tygon B-44-3, Tygon B-44-4X, Tygon B-44-4X I.B., and Tygon Silver (antimicrobial) were widely used in the food and beverage industry, in particular in: beverage dispensing, dairy processing, soft-serve dispensing, vitamin and flavor concentrate systems, cosmetic production, and water purification systems. Th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DISC1 | Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DISC1 gene. In coordination with a wide array of interacting partners, DISC1 has been shown to participate in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, neuronal axon and dendrite outgrowth, mitochondrial transport, fission and/or fusion, and cell-to-cell adhesion. Several studies have shown that unregulated expression or altered protein structure of DISC1 may predispose individuals to the development of schizophrenia, clinical depression, bipolar disorder, and other psychiatric conditions. The cellular functions that are disrupted by permutations in DISC1, which lead to the development of these disorders, have yet to be clearly defined and are the subject of current ongoing research. Although, recent genetic studies of large schizophrenia cohorts have failed to implicate DISC1 as a risk gene at the gene level, the DISC1 interactome gene set was associated with schizophrenia, showing evidence from genome-wide association studies of the role of DISC1 and interacting partners in schizophrenia susceptibility.
Discovery
In 1970, researchers from the University of Edinburgh performing cytogenetic research on a group of juvenile offenders in Scotland found an abnormal translocation in chromosome 1 of one of the boys, who also displayed characteristics of an affective psychological disorder. After this initial observation, the boy's family was studied and it was found that 34 out of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20of%20the%20Royal%20Statistical%20Society | The Journal of the Royal Statistical Society is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of statistics. It comprises three series and is published by Oxford University Press for the Royal Statistical Society.
History
The Statistical Society of London was founded in 1834, but would not begin producing a journal for four years. From 1834 to 1837, members of the society would read the results of their studies to the other members, and some details were recorded in the proceedings. The first study reported to the society in 1834 was a simple survey of the occupations of people in Manchester, England. Conducted by going door-to-door and inquiring, the study revealed that the most common profession was mill-hands, followed closely by weavers.
When founded, the membership of the Statistical Society of London overlapped almost completely with the statistical section of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. In 1837 a volume of Transactions of the Statistical Society of London were written, and in May 1838 the society began its journal. The first editor-in-chief of the journal was Rawson W. Rawson. In the early days of the society and the journal, there was dispute over whether or not opinions should be expressed, or merely the numbers. The symbol of the society was a wheatsheaf, representing a bundle of facts, and the motto Aliis exterendum, Latin for "to be threshed out by others." Many early members chafed under this prohibition, and in 1857 the motto was dropped.
F |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago%20school%20%28mathematical%20analysis%29 | The Chicago school of mathematical analysis is a school of thought in mathematics that emphasizes the applications of Fourier analysis to the study of partial differential equations. Mathematician Antoni Zygmund co-founded the school with his doctoral student Alberto Calderón at the University of Chicago in the 1950s. Over the years, Zygmund mentored over 40 doctoral students at the University of Chicago.
Key people
Antoni Zygmund
Alberto Calderón
Paul Cohen, Fields Medal winner (1966)
Charles Fefferman, Fields Medal winner (1978)
Eli Stein
Comments
The Chicago school of analysis is considered to be one of the strongest schools of mathematical analysis in the 20th century, which was responsible for some of the most important developments in analysis.
Awards
In 1986, Antoni Zygmund received the National Medal of Science, in part for his "creation and leadership of the strongest school of analytical research in the contemporary mathematical world."
See also
Joseph Fourier
Mathematical analysis
References
University of Chicago
Philosophical schools and traditions |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic%20jet | In fluid dynamics, a synthetic jet flow — is a type of jet flow, which is made up of the surrounding fluid. Synthetic jets are produced by periodic ejection and suction of fluid from an opening. This oscillatory motion may be driven by a piston or diaphragm inside a cavity among other ways.
A jet flow is a fluid flow in which a stream of one fluid mixes with a surrounding medium. An example is a water jet that forms when you put your thumb over the end of a hose. The water mixes with air to form a jet. If you increase the flow of water or move your thumb to change the diameter of the exit, the jet will change dramatically.
Jet flows vary depending on velocity and diameter of the flow and the density and viscosity of the fluid (Reynolds number and Mach number). When the velocities in the jet are greater than the speed of sound, important qualitative changes in the flow occur. One such change is that shock waves form.
A synthetic jet flow was so named by Ari Glezer since the flow is "synthesized" from the surrounding or ambient fluid. Producing a convectional jet requires an external source of fluid, such as piped-in compressed air or plumbing for water.
Synjet devices
Synthetic jet flow can be developed in a number of ways, such as with an electromagnetic driver (e.g. plasma actuator), a piezoelectric driver, or even a mechanical driver such as a piston. Each moves a membrane or diaphragm up and down hundreds of times per second, sucking the surrounding fluid into a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostwald%27s%20rule | In materials science, Ostwald's rule or Ostwald's step rule, conceived by Wilhelm Ostwald, describes the formation of polymorphs. The rule states that usually the less stable polymorph crystallizes first. Ostwald's rule is not a universal law but a common tendency observed in nature.
This can be explained on the basis of irreversible thermodynamics, structural relationships, or a combined consideration of statistical thermodynamics and structural variation with temperature. Unstable polymorphs more closely resemble the state in solution, and thus are kinetically advantaged.
For example, out of hot water, metastable, fibrous crystals of benzamide appear first, only later to spontaneously convert to the more stable rhombic polymorph. Another example is magnesium carbonate, which more readily forms dolomite. A dramatic example is phosphorus, which upon sublimation first forms the less stable white phosphorus, which only slowly polymerizes to the red allotrope. This is notably the case for the anatase polymorph of titanium dioxide, which having a lower surface energy is commonly the first phase to form by crystallisation from amorphous precursors or solutions despite being metastable, with rutile being the equilibrium phase at all temperatures and pressures.
References
Mineralogy
Gemology
Crystallography |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HBB%20%28disambiguation%29 | HBB could refer to:
Science
Hexabromobenzene
Beta globin (HBB, β-globin or haemoglobin, beta) a globin protein in adult human hemoglobin A.
Human β-globin locus
Places
Headbangers Ball
National Rail station code for Hubberts Bridge railway station, England
Television
Has Bilgi Birikim - a defunct Turkish television channel.
Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV European initiative to combine broadcast television with the internet
Other
Humongous Bank and Broker - Informal term used to denote very large financial institutions in the United States
Honey Badger Brigade (or Twitter account HoneyBadgerBite), a website launched November 2013 based on the Honey Badger Radio series launched August 2013 on BlogTalkRadio on the AVoiceforMen channel.
Home-based business, a type of small business |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serghaya | Serghaya or Sirghaya () is a small town located in the Damascus countryside in south west Syria. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Serghaya had a population of 7,501 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.
Geography
It is from Damascus and above sea level. It is at the foot of the Anti-Lebanon Mountain.
Serghaya has a moderate climate with a temperature that varies from 25 to 32 degrees Celsius all summer season and cold climate with temperature varies from -5 up to 10 all winter when snow covers the land and mountain.
It is connected to Damascus via Al-Zabadani and also has old rail reaches to Beirut via Riyaq (or Rayak), Bekaa.
Nearby Towns
West :`Utayb (3.5 nm)
North: Yahfufah (3.4 nm), Al Khuraybah (4.0 nm), Ma`rabun (3.4 nm)
East: Al `Uwayni (0.4 nm)
South: `Ayn al Hawr (2.2 nm)
Climate
In Serghaya, there is a cool summer Mediterranean climate. Rainfall is higher in winter than in summer. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification is Csc. The average annual temperature in Serghaya is . About of precipitation falls annually.
Economy
Economy for this town is based on agricultural activities and the main crops are (Apple, Cherry, Pear, Peach and Apricot).
References
Bibliography
Populated places in Al-Zabadani District
Towns in Syria |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treat%20Her%20Right%20%28Roy%20Head%20song%29 | "Treat Her Right" is a soul music song, with a standard 12-bar-blues structure. Written by Roy Head and Gene Kurtz, it was recorded by Head and The Traits and released on the Back Beat label in 1965.
Background
Members of the Traits on this record included Johnny Clark on lead guitar, Frank Miller on rhythm guitar, Gene Kurtz on bass, Dan Buie on keyboards, Danny Gomez and Tommy May on tenor sax, Johnny Gibson on trumpet, and Jerry Gibson on drums.
In the ending instrumental choruses, Roy Head's voice is heard repeatedly shouting "HEY", and saying ad-libs including "You're too much, baby".
In 1965 the band signed with producer Huey Meaux of Houston, who maintained a stable of record labels. "Treat Her Right" was recorded at Gold Star Studios (later known as SugarHill Recording Studios) in Houston. Issued on Don Robey's (Nov. 1, 1903 - June 16, 1975) Back Beat label, it reached No.2 on both the U.S. Pop and R&B charts in 1965, behind The Beatles' "Yesterday." "Treat Her Right", with its blazing horns and punchy rhythm, credited to Head and bass man Gene Kurtz, established Head as a prime exponent of blue-eyed soul. By 1995 "Treat Her Right" had been covered by as many as 20 nationally known recording artists including the Yardbirds/Led Zeppelin legend Jimmy Page, Bruce Springsteen, Jerry Lee Lewis, Bon Jovi, British blue-eyed soul vocalist Chris Farlowe (under the title "Treat Her Good") and both Mae West and Barbara Mandrell under the title of "Treat Him Right". Even B |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20adaptins | Clathrin adaptor proteins, also known as adaptins, are proteins that mediate the formation of vesicles for intracellular trafficking and secretion. Adaptins are clustered subunits of adaptor protein (AP) complexes. There are several types of adaptin, each related to a different AP complex.
Adaptins show sequence similarity to some COPI subunits, thus they are thought to have a common evolutionary origin. The adaptin is a heterotetramer consisting of two large adaptins (beta and one other depending on the complex), a medium adaptin (mu), and a small adaptin (sigma):
complex 1
AP1B1
AP1G1
AP1G2
AP1M1
AP1M2
AP1S1
AP1S2
AP1S3
complex 2
AP2A1
AP2A2
AP2B1
AP2M1
AP2S1
complex 3
AP3B1
AP3B2
AP3D1
AP3M1
AP3M2
AP3S1
AP3S2
complex 4
AP4B1
AP4E1
AP4M1
AP4S1
complex 5
AP5Z1
AP5B1
AP5M1
AP5S1
A diagram of the 5 complexes is shown here
References
Alberts, Johnson, Lewis, Raff, Roberts, Walter: Molecular Biology of the Cell, 4th edition (2002), Garland Science.
Peripheral membrane proteins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medipix | Medipix is a family of photon counting and particle tracking pixel detectors developed by an international collaboration, hosted by CERN.
Design
These are hybrid detectors as a semiconductor sensor layer is bonded to a processing electronics layer.
The sensor layer is a semiconductor, such as silicon, GaAs, or CdTe in which the incident radiation makes an electron hole/cloud. The charge is then collected to pixel electrodes and, via bump bonds, conducted to the CMOS electronics layer.
The pixel electronics first amplifies the signal and then compares the signal amplitude with a pre-set discrimination level (an energy threshold). The subsequent signal processing depends on the type of device. A standard Medipix detector increases the counter in the appropriate pixel if the signal is above the discrimination level. The Medipix device also contains an upper discrimination level and hence only signals within a range of amplitude could be accepted (within an energy window).
Timepix devices offer two more modes of operation in addition to the counting. The first one is so called “Time-over-Threshold” mode (Wilkinson type analog-to-digital converter). It is a mode where the counter in each pixel records the number of clocks for which the pulse remains above the discrimination level. This number is proportional to the energy of detected radiation. This mode is useful for particle tracking applications or for direct spectral imaging.
The second mode of the Timepix chip is “Tim |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARC-ECRIS | ARC-ECRIS is an Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) based on arc-shaped coils unlike the conventional ECRIS which bases on a multipole magnet (usually a hexapole magnet) inside a solenoid magnet.
First time the arc-shaped coils were used already in the 1960s in fusion experiments, for example at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (MFTF, Baseball II, ...) and later in Japan (GAMMA10, ...).
In 2006 the JYFL ion source group designed, constructed and tested similar plasma trap to produce highly charged heavy ion beams. The first tests were promising and showed that a stable plasma can be confined in an arc-coil magnetic field structure (see references).
References
External links
YouTube video of a conventional ECRIS plasma (hexapolar magnetic field)
Ion source |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus%20virus%20phi29 | Bacillus virus Φ29 (bacteriophage Φ29) is a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) bacteriophage with a prolate icosahedral head and a short tail that belongs to the genus Salasvirus, order Caudovirales, and family Salasmaviridae. They are in the same order as phages PZA, Φ15, BS32, B103, M2Y (M2), Nf, and GA-1. First discovered in 1965, the Φ29 phage is the smallest Bacillus phage isolated to date and is among the smallest known dsDNA phages.
Φ29 has a unique DNA packaging motor structure that employs prohead packaging RNA (pRNA) to guide the translocation of the phage genome during replication. This novel structure system has inspired ongoing research in nanotechnology, drug delivery, and therapeutics.
In nature, the Φ29 phage infects Bacillus subtilis, a species of gram-positive, endospore-forming bacteria that is found in soil, as well as the gastrointestinal tracts of various marine and terrestrial organisms, including human beings.
History
In 1965, American microbiologist Dr. Bernard Reilly discovered the Φ29 phage in Dr. John Spizizen’s lab at the University of Minnesota. Due to its small size and complex morphology, it has become an ideal model for the study of many processes in molecular biology, such as morphogenesis, viral DNA packaging, viral replication, and transcription.
Structure
The structure of Φ29 is composed of seven main proteins: the terminal protein (p3), the head or capsid protein (p8), the head or capsid fiber protein (p8.5), the distal tail knob (p9), th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymmetric%20norm | In mathematics, an asymmetric norm on a vector space is a generalization of the concept of a norm.
Definition
An asymmetric norm on a real vector space is a function that has the following properties:
Subadditivity, or the triangle inequality:
Nonnegative homogeneity: and every non-negative real number
Positive definiteness:
Asymmetric norms differ from norms in that they need not satisfy the equality
If the condition of positive definiteness is omitted, then is an asymmetric seminorm. A weaker condition than positive definiteness is non-degeneracy: that for at least one of the two numbers and is not zero.
Examples
On the real line the function given by
is an asymmetric norm but not a norm.
In a real vector space the of a convex subset that contains the origin is defined by the formula
for
This functional is an asymmetric seminorm if is an absorbing set, which means that and ensures that is finite for each
Corresponce between asymmetric seminorms and convex subsets of the dual space
If is a convex set that contains the origin, then an asymmetric seminorm can be defined on by the formula
For instance, if is the square with vertices then is the taxicab norm Different convex sets yield different seminorms, and every asymmetric seminorm on can be obtained from some convex set, called its dual unit ball. Therefore, asymmetric seminorms are in one-to-one correspondence with convex sets that contain the origin. The seminorm is
posit |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Palace%20%28Montreal%29 | The Crystal Palace was an exhibition hall built for the Montreal Industrial Exhibition of 1860, originally located at the foot of Victoria Street (one block west of University) between Sainte-Catherine and Cathcart Streets, then relocated to Fletcher's Field. It was used for temporary exhibitions, and in winter, housed an ice skating rink.
Construction
The building was designed by Montreal architect John William Hopkins. It had an iron framework, a tinned barrel-vaulted nave and two galleries, each twenty feet wide, extending all the way around the interior. Its design was inspired by The Crystal Palace in London. Its main facades were of iron and glass. Its side walls were of white brick with rose-coloured contrast, with the iron and wood elements painted to match the brick. Its bays were subdivided by three arches, with only the centre arch glazed. Constructed in 20-foot modules, the Crystal Palace was intended to be 180 x 200 feet, but was constructed with shorter transepts, reducing its dimensions to 180 x 120 feet.
1860 Industrial Exhibition
The Industrial Exhibition displayed agricultural and industrial products from the then British North America. The displays ranged from minerals, native woods, seeds and grains, preserved birds and fish, oils and foodstuffs to textiles and leather goods, furniture, clothing, machinery, iron work, tools and crafts. As part of the exhibition the Art Association of Montreal, the future Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, organized a display |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augelite | Augelite is an aluminium phosphate mineral with formula: Al2(PO4)(OH)3. The shade varies from colorless to white, yellow or rose. Its crystal system is monoclinic.
It was first described by Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand for an occurrence in Västanå iron mine at Scania, Sweden in 1868 and derives its name from the Greek αύγή in reference to its pearly lustre.
It occurs as a product of metamorphism of phosphate bearing peraluminous sediments and in high-temperature hydrothermal ore deposits. It occurs in association with attakolite, svanbergite, lazulite, hematite, trolleite, berlinite, rutile, pyrophyllite, baryte, arsenopyrite, stannite, pyrite, andorite, cassiterite and zinkenite.
References
Phosphate minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 12 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robbins%20lemma | In statistics, the Robbins lemma, named after Herbert Robbins, states that if X is a random variable having a Poisson distribution with parameter λ, and f is any function for which the expected value E(f(X)) exists, then
Robbins introduced this proposition while developing empirical Bayes methods.
References
Theorems in statistics
Lemmas
Poisson distribution |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jihoz%C3%A1pad | Jihozápad (Southwest) is statistical area of the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics, level NUTS 2. It includes the Plzeň Region and the South Bohemian Region.
It covers an area of 17 617 km2 and 1,214,450 inhabitants (population density 67 inhabitants/km2).
Economy
The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the region was 20.6 billion € in 2018, accounting for 9.9% of Czech economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 23,600 € or 78% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was also 75% of the EU average.
References
See also
NUTS of the Czech Republic
NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union
Subdivisions of the Czech Republic |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aging-associated%20diseases | An aging-associated disease (commonly termed age-related disease, ARD) is a disease that is most often seen with increasing frequency with increasing senescence. They are essentially complications of senescence, distinguished from the aging process itself because all adult animals age (with rare exceptions) but not all adult animals experience all age-associated diseases. The term does not refer to age-specific diseases, such as the childhood diseases chicken pox and measles, only diseases of the elderly. They are also not accelerated aging diseases, all of which are genetic disorders.
Examples of aging-associated diseases are atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, cancer, arthritis, cataracts, osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and Alzheimer's disease. The incidence of all of these diseases increases exponentially with age.
Of the roughly 150,000 people who die each day across the globe, about two thirds—100,000 per day—die of age-related causes. In industrialized nations, the proportion is higher, reaching 90%.
Patterns of differences
By age 3, about 30% of rats have had cancer, whereas by age 85 about 30% of humans have had cancer. Humans, dogs and rabbits get Alzheimer's disease, but rodents do not. Elderly rodents typically die of cancer or kidney disease, but not of cardiovascular disease. In humans, the relative incidence of cancer increases exponentially with age for most cancers, but levels off or may even decline by age 60–75 (although colon/rectal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schilder%27s%20theorem | In mathematics, Schilder's theorem is a generalization of the Laplace method from integrals on to functional Wiener integration. The theorem is used in the large deviations theory of stochastic processes. Roughly speaking, out of Schilder's theorem one gets an estimate for the probability that a (scaled-down) sample path of Brownian motion will stray far from the mean path (which is constant with value 0). This statement is made precise using rate functions. Schilder's theorem is generalized by the Freidlin–Wentzell theorem for Itō diffusions.
Statement of the theorem
Let C0 = C0([0, T]; Rd) be the Banach space of continuous functions such that , equipped with the supremum norm ||·||∞ and be the subspace of absolutely continuous functions whose derivative is in (the so-called Cameron-Martin space). Define the rate function
on and let be two given functions, such that (the "action") has a unique minimum .
Then under some differentiability and growth assumptions on which are detailed in Schilder 1966, one has
where denotes expectation with respect to the Wiener measure on and is the Hessian of at the minimum ; is meant in the sense of an inner product.
Application to large deviations on the Wiener measure
Let B be a standard Brownian motion in d-dimensional Euclidean space Rd starting at the origin, 0 ∈ Rd; let W denote the law of B, i.e. classical Wiener measure. For ε > 0, let Wε denote the law of the rescaled process B. Then, on the Banach space |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sammon%20mapping | Sammon mapping or Sammon projection is an algorithm that maps a high-dimensional space to a space of lower dimensionality (see multidimensional scaling) by trying to preserve the structure of inter-point distances in high-dimensional space in the lower-dimension projection.
It is particularly suited for use in exploratory data analysis.
The method was proposed by John W. Sammon in 1969.
It is considered a non-linear approach as the mapping cannot be represented as a linear combination of the original variables as possible in techniques such as principal component analysis, which also makes it more difficult to use for classification applications.
Denote the distance between ith and jth objects in the original space by , and the distance between their projections by .
Sammon's mapping aims to minimize the following error function, which is often referred to as Sammon's stress or Sammon's error:
The minimization can be performed either by gradient descent, as proposed initially, or by other means, usually involving iterative methods.
The number of iterations needs to be experimentally determined and convergent solutions are not always guaranteed.
Many implementations prefer to use the first Principal Components as a starting configuration.
The Sammon mapping has been one of the most successful nonlinear metric multidimensional scaling methods since its advent in 1969, but effort has been focused on algorithm improvement rather than on the form of the stress functio |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freidlin%E2%80%93Wentzell%20theorem | In mathematics, the Freidlin–Wentzell theorem (due to Mark Freidlin and Alexander D. Wentzell) is a result in the large deviations theory of stochastic processes. Roughly speaking, the Freidlin–Wentzell theorem gives an estimate for the probability that a (scaled-down) sample path of an Itō diffusion will stray far from the mean path. This statement is made precise using rate functions. The Freidlin–Wentzell theorem generalizes Schilder's theorem for standard Brownian motion.
Statement
Let B be a standard Brownian motion on Rd starting at the origin, 0 ∈ Rd, and let Xε be an Rd-valued Itō diffusion solving an Itō stochastic differential equation of the form
where the drift vector field b : Rd → Rd is uniformly Lipschitz continuous. Then, on the Banach space C0 = C0([0, T]; Rd) equipped with the supremum norm ||·||∞, the family of processes (Xε)ε>0 satisfies the large deviations principle with good rate function I : C0 → R ∪ {+∞} given by
if ω lies in the Sobolev space H1([0, T]; Rd), and I(ω) = +∞ otherwise. In other words, for every open set G ⊆ C0 and every closed set F ⊆ C0,
and
References
(See chapter 5.6)
Asymptotic analysis
Stochastic differential equations
Theorems in statistics
Large deviations theory
Probability theorems |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TDF%20Group | TDF (which stands for Télédiffusion de France officially renamed TDF in 2004) is a French company which provides radio and television transmission services, services for telecommunications operators, and other multimedia services – digitization of content, encoding, storage, etc.
Its headquarters are located in Paris. It is the dominant partner in the HDRR WiMAX consortium and is also part of Digital Radio Mondiale.
Arkena
Arkena was European company that regroups four entities: Cognacq-Jay Image (France), PSN (Poland), Qbrick (Sweden) and SmartJog (France). These entities were all part of the Media Services division of the TDF Group. Arkena provides full end-to-end media services such as playout services, OTT (over-the-top content), Online video platform including stand-alone solutions for file transfer, storage and content preparation for any media.
Arkena was officially launched on January 20, 2014. Its headquarters are located in Paris and it operates offices in London, Los Angeles, Madrid, Warsaw, Stockholm, Copenhagen, Aarhus, Gothenburg, Helsinki, Ivry-sur-Seine, and Turku. Almost 500 people are part of the Arkena organization. Arkena went out of business as company in December 2019 and after a management buy-out, Cognac-Jay Image took over.
History
The TDF Group created its media services division through a combination of acquisitions and organic growth. Now, TDF Media Services regroups Arkena and BeBanjo.
Cognacq-Jay Image was located in Cognacq-Jay street in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Ethylhexanoic%20acid | 2-Ethylhexanoic acid is the organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)CO2H. It is a carboxylic acid that is widely used to prepare lipophilic metal derivatives that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents. 2-Ethylhexanoic acid is a colorless viscous oil. It is supplied as a racemic mixture.
Production
2-Ethylhexanoic acid is produced industrially from propylene, which is hydroformylated to give butyraldehyde. Aldol condensation of the aldehyde gives 2-ethylhexenal, which is hydrogenated to 2-ethylhexanal. Oxidation of this aldehyde gives the carboxylic acid.
Metal ethylhexanoates
2-Ethylhexanoic acid forms compounds with metal cations that have stoichiometry as metal acetates. These ethylhexanoate complexes are used in organic and industrial chemical synthesis. They function as catalysts in polymerizations as well as for oxidation reactions as "oil drying agents." They are highly soluble in nonpolar solvents. These metal complexes are often described as salts. They are, however, not ionic but charge-neutral coordination complexes. Their structures are akin to the corresponding acetates.
Examples of metal ethylhexanoates
Hydroxyl aluminium bis(2-ethylhexanoate), used as a thickener
Tin(II) ethylhexanoate (CAS# 301-10-0), a catalyst for polylactide and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid).
Cobalt(II) ethylhexanoate (CAS# 136-52-7), a drier for alkyd resins
Nickel(II) ethylhexanoate (CAS# 4454-16-4)
See also
2-Ethylhexanol
References
Alkanoic acids |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Perks | Thomas Perks (2 October 1883–15 January 1953) was an English cricketer who played one first-class match, for Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) against London County at Crystal Palace Park in August 1902. In an innings defeat for MCC, Perks claimed three stumpings and one catch, although John Whiteside (who stumped one further man) was listed as MCC's wicket-keeper on the scorecard.
Perks was born in Worcester; he died in Ledbury, Herefordshire at the age of 69.
His son, Reg Perks, had a far more substantial career, playing nearly 600 first-class matches including two Tests and playing for Worcestershire for more than two decades.
Notes
External links
Statistical summary from CricketArchive
Lists of matches and detailed statistics for Thomas Perks from CricketArchive
English cricketers
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
1883 births
1953 deaths
Cricketers from Worcester, England |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric%20wireless%20receiver | Dielectric wireless receiver is a type of radiofrequency receiver front-end featuring a complete absence of electronic circuitry and metal interconnects. It offers immunity against damage from intense electromagnetic radiation, produced by EMP and HPM sources. This receiver is known as ADNERF (an acronym used to signify an All-Dielectric Non-Electronic Radio Front-End). ADNERF is a type of Electro-Magnetic Pulse Tolerant Microwave Receiver (EMPiRe).
Background
The continuing trend towards reduced feature size and voltage in integrated circuits renders modern electronics highly susceptible to damages caused by High Power Microwave (HPM) and other microwave based directed energy sources. These induce high voltage transient surges of thousands of volts which can punch through the gate insulator in the transistor and can destroy the circuit’s metal interconnects. To immunize electronic systems against such threats, the “soft spots” (metal and transistor) in a conventional receiver front-end, must be eliminated.
Operation
The basic concept of this photonic-assisted all-dielectric RF front-end technology is shown in Fig. 1. The Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) in the front-end, functions as a concentrator of incoming electromagnetic field. When the electromagnetic (EM) field excites the resonance of DRA, a mode field pattern is built up inside the structure. The EO resonator is placed at the location of the peak field magnitude (Fig. 2). The EO resonator converts the receive |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1887%20AHAC%20season | The 1887 AHAC season was the inaugural season of the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada. Play was in challenges. The Montreal Crystals defeated the Montreal Victorias to win the final challenge of the season to claim the Canadian championship and the first league championship.
League business
The AHAC was organized on December 8, 1886, when the representatives of various hockey clubs met at the Victoria Skating Rink in Montreal at the instigation of the Victoria Hockey Club of Montreal. The first executive was composed of:
President: Thomas D. Green, Ottawa.
First vice-president: Jack Arnton, Victorias.
Second vice-president: Robert Laing, Crystals.
Secretary-treasurer: E. Stevenson, Victorias.
Council: James Stewart, Crystals; J. G. Monk, Victorias; Hanbury A. Budden, McGill; E. Sheppard, M.A.A.A.: Percy Myles, Ottawa.
Regular season
A.E. Swift from the Quebec HC played four games for the Victorias, being possibly the first hockey player to play for a city other than their home.
The season's final match, held in the Victoria Rink on March 11 ended 3–2 for Montreal Crystals over the Montreal Victorias. The Vics had won the previous two meetings between the clubs. The Crystals changed their lineup, replacing F. Dowd, R. Laing and J. McGoldrick. The Crystals took the early lead on two goals by S. McQuisten. The Vics appeared to score a goal, but it was ruled to be too high and did not count. In the second half, D. Brown, one of the replacements, scored the third f |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe%20Gulch | Adobe Gulch is a valley in San Mateo County, California, about long, located on the west side of Upper Crystal Springs Reservoir. It has an elevation of 97 meters, or 318 feet. It is located at 37-29'53 N and 122-20'51 W. Adobe Gulch is the northernmost of several tributaries (and the only one named by the USGS) that descend the eastern flank of the Santa Cruz Mountains to Upper Crystal Springs Reservoir (and historically, Laguna Creek).
References
Valleys of San Mateo County, California
Valleys of California |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QH-II-66 | QH-II-66 (QH-ii-066) is a sedative drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It produces some of the same effects as other benzodiazepines, but is much more selective than most other drugs of this class and so produces somewhat less sedation and ataxia than other related drugs such as diazepam and triazolam, although it still retains anticonvulsant effects.
QH-ii-066 is a highly subtype-selective GABAA agonist which was designed to bind selectively to the α5 subtype of GABAA receptors.
The α5 subtype (and to a lesser extent the α1 subtype) of GABAA are two of the most important targets in the brain that produce the effects of alcohol, and so one of the purposes for which QH-ii-066 was developed was to reproduce the GABAergic effects of alcohol separately from its other actions.
QH-ii-066 replicates some of the effects of alcohol, such as sedation and ataxia, but does not increase appetite, as this effect seems to be produced by the α1 subtype of GABAA rather than α5. The inverse agonist Ro15-4513, which blocks the α5 subtype of GABAA, reverses the effects of alcohol, suggesting that this subtype is also important in producing the subjective effects of alcohol intoxication.
See also
GL-II-73
Pyeazolam
SH-I-048A
SH-053-R-CH3-2′F
References
Benzodiazepines
Sedatives
Hypnotics
Ethynyl compounds
Lactams
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawson%E2%80%93G%C3%A4rtner%20theorem | In mathematics, the Dawson–Gärtner theorem is a result in large deviations theory. Heuristically speaking, the Dawson–Gärtner theorem allows one to transport a large deviation principle on a “smaller” topological space to a “larger” one.
Statement of the theorem
Let (Yj)j∈J be a projective system of Hausdorff topological spaces with maps pij : Yj → Yi. Let X be the projective limit (also known as the inverse limit) of the system (Yj, pij)i,j∈J, i.e.
Let (με)ε>0 be a family of probability measures on X. Assume that, for each j ∈ J, the push-forward measures (pj∗με)ε>0 on Yj satisfy the large deviation principle with good rate function Ij : Yj → R ∪ {+∞}. Then the family (με)ε>0 satisfies the large deviation principle on X with good rate function I : X → R ∪ {+∞} given by
References
(See theorem 4.6.1)
Asymptotic analysis
Large deviations theory
Probability theorems |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapizolam | Zapizolam is a pyridodiazepine drug, which is a benzodiazepine analog of pyridotriazolodiazepine group. It has sedative and anxiolytic effects similar to those produced by benzodiazepine derivatives, and has been sold illicitly as a designer drug.
References
Chloroarenes
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators
Pyridodiazepines |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadeusz%20Rybczynski | Tadeusz Mieczysław Rybczyński (also Rybczynski; 1923–1998) was a Polish-English economist who is known for the development of the Rybczynski theorem (1955).
He studied at the London School of Economics. Soon after discovering his famous theorem, he joined Lazard and spent the rest of his career there as an investment banker.
References
1923 births
1998 deaths
British people of Polish descent
20th-century British economists
Alumni of the London School of Economics
Academics of the London School of Economics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MultiSwap | In cryptography, MultiSwap is a block cipher/MAC created by Microsoft in 1999 as part of its Windows Media DRM service (WMDRM). Microsoft's internal name for the algorithm is not publicly known; it was dubbed MultiSwap in a 2001 report on WMDRM under the pseudonym "Beale Screamer".
The cipher has a block size of 64 bits, but the two halves are processed nearly separately. All arithmetic operations are performed mod 232. In the encryption process, each half block has added to it the output of the previous half block. Next it undergoes 5 multiplications by odd 32-bit subkeys, each followed by a swap of its 16-bit halves. Then a final subkey is added to it. As the half blocks use separate subkeys, and the multipliers are forced to be odd, the total key size is 374 bits. The name MultiSwap comes from the cipher's multiplications and swaps. WMDRM uses this algorithm only as a MAC, never for encryption.
Borisov, et al. applied a multiplicative form of differential cryptanalysis to break MultiSwap.
References
Broken block ciphers
Digital rights management systems |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curculin | Curculin or neoculin is a sweet protein that was discovered and isolated in 1990 from the fruit of Curculigo latifolia (Hypoxidaceae), a plant from Malaysia. Like miraculin, curculin exhibits taste-modifying activity; however, unlike miraculin, it also exhibits a sweet taste by itself. After consumption of curculin, water and sour solutions taste sweet. The plant is referred to locally as 'Lumbah' or 'Lemba'.
Protein structure
The active form of curculin is a heterodimer consisting of two monomeric units connected through two disulfide bridges. The mature monomers each consist of a sequence of 114 amino acids, weighing 12.5 kDa (curculin 1) and 12.7 kDa (curculin 2), respectively. While each of the two isoforms is capable of forming a homodimer, these do not possess the sweet taste nor the taste-modifying activity of the heterodimeric form. To avoid confusion, the heterodimeric form is sometimes referred to as "neoculin".
1, 1-50: DNVLLSGQTL HADHSLQAGA YTLTIQNKCN LVKYQNGRQI WASNTDRRGS
1, 51-100: GCRLTLLSDG NLVIYDHNNN DVWGSACWGD NGKYALVLQK DGRFVIYGPV
1, 101-114: LWSLGPNGCR RVNG
2, 1-50: DSVLLSGQTL YAGHSLTSGS YTLTIQNNCN LVKYQHGRQI WASDTDGQGS
2, 51-100: QCRLTLRSDG NLIIYDDNNM VVWGSDCWGN NGTYALVLQQ DGLFVIYGPV
2, 101-113: LWPLGLNGCR SLN
Amino acid sequence of sweet proteins curculin-1 and curculin-2 adapted from Swiss-Prot biological database of protein sequences. Intra-chain disulfide bonds in bold, inter-chain disulfide bonds underlined.
Sweetness properties
Curculin is cons |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severoz%C3%A1pad | Severozápad (Northwest) is a statistical area of the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics, level NUTS 2. It includes the Karlovy Vary Region and Ústí nad Labem Region.
It covers an area of 8 649 km2 and 1,120,654 inhabitants (population density 130 inhabitants/km2).
Economy
The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the region was 15.2 billion € in 2018, accounting for 7.3% of Czech economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 19,200 € or 64% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was also 64% of the EU average.
See also
NUTS of the Czech Republic
References
NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union
Subdivisions of the Czech Republic |
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