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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977%20UK%20Championship | The 1977 UK Championship (officially the 1977 Super Crystalate UK Championship) was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that took place at the Tower Circus in Blackpool between 26 November and 3 December 1977.
Mike Watterson instituted this new championship with sponsorship from manufacturers of the Super Crystalate balls. The inaugural UK Championship was held in Blackpool, but the following year the tournament moved to the Guild Hall in Preston, where it remained for twenty years.
The event was won by Patsy Fagan, a London-based Dubliner, who had been a professional for less than a year. The final was televised and shown on BBC One's Grandstand programme. Retired English snooker player Joe Davis presented Fagan with the trophy.
Fagan earned £2,000 out of the £7,000 total prize money.
Main draw
Final
Century breaks
129 Alex Higgins
References
External links
Last Frame of the final and trophy presentation (YouTube)
1977
UK Championship
UK Championship
UK Championship
UK Championship |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balding%E2%80%93Nichols%20model | In population genetics, the Balding–Nichols model is a statistical description of the allele frequencies in the components of a sub-divided population. With background allele frequency p the allele frequencies, in sub-populations separated by Wright's FST F, are distributed according to independent draws from
where B is the Beta distribution. This distribution has mean p and variance Fp(1 – p).
The model is due to David Balding and Richard Nichols and is widely used in the forensic analysis of DNA profiles and in population models for genetic epidemiology.
References
Statistical genetics
Population genetics
Continuous distributions |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septin | Septins are a group of GTP-binding proteins expressed in all eukaryotic cells except plants. Different septins form protein complexes with each other. These complexes can further assemble into filaments, rings and gauzes. Assembled as such, septins function in cells by localizing other proteins, either by providing a scaffold to which proteins can attach, or by forming a barrier preventing the diffusion of molecules from one compartment of the cell to another, or in the cell cortex as a barrier to the diffusion of membrane-bound proteins.
Septins have been implicated in the localization of cellular processes at the site of cell division, and at the cell membrane at sites where specialized structures like cilia or flagella are attached to the cell body. In yeast cells, they compartmentalize parts of the cell and build scaffolding to provide structural support during cell division at the septum, from which they derive their name. Research in human cells suggests that septins build cages around pathogenic bacteria, that immobilize and prevent them from invading other cells.
As filament forming proteins, septins can be considered part of the cytoskeleton. Apart from forming non-polar filaments, septins associate with cell membranes, the cell cortex, actin filaments and microtubules.
Structure
Septins are P-Loop-NTPase proteins that range in weight from 30-65 kDa. Septins are highly conserved between different eukaryotic species. They are composed of a variable-length proline |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20flag%20theorem | In Euclidean geometry, the British flag theorem says that if a point P is chosen inside a rectangle ABCD then the sum of the squares of the Euclidean distances from P to two opposite corners of the rectangle equals the sum to the other two opposite corners.
As an equation:
The theorem also applies to points outside the rectangle, and more generally to the distances from a point in Euclidean space to the corners of a rectangle embedded into the space. Even more generally, if the sums of squares of distances from a point P to the two pairs of opposite corners of a parallelogram are compared, the two sums will not in general be equal, but the difference between the two sums will depend only on the shape of the parallelogram and not on the choice of P.
The theorem can also be thought of as a generalisation of the Pythagorean theorem. Placing the point P on any of the four vertices of the rectangle yields the square of the diagonal of the rectangle being equal to the sum of the squares of the width and length of the rectangle, which is the Pythagorean theorem.
Proof
Drop perpendicular lines from the point P to the sides of the rectangle, meeting sides AB, BC, CD, and AD at points W, X, Y and Z respectively, as shown in the figure. These four points WXYZ form the vertices of an orthodiagonal quadrilateral.
By applying the Pythagorean theorem to the right triangle AWP, and observing that WP = AZ, it follows that
and by a similar argument the squares of the lengths of the dist |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrinkage%20%28statistics%29 | In statistics, shrinkage is the reduction in the effects of sampling variation. In regression analysis, a fitted relationship appears to perform less well on a new data set than on the data set used for fitting. In particular the value of the coefficient of determination 'shrinks'. This idea is complementary to overfitting and, separately, to the standard adjustment made in the coefficient of determination to compensate for the subjunctive effects of further sampling, like controlling for the potential of new explanatory terms improving the model by chance: that is, the adjustment formula itself provides "shrinkage." But the adjustment formula yields an artificial shrinkage.
A shrinkage estimator is an estimator that, either explicitly or implicitly, incorporates the effects of shrinkage. In loose terms this means that a naive or raw estimate is improved by combining it with other information. The term relates to the notion that the improved estimate is made closer to the value supplied by the 'other information' than the raw estimate. In this sense, shrinkage is used to regularize ill-posed inference problems.
Shrinkage is implicit in Bayesian inference and penalized likelihood inference, and explicit in James–Stein-type inference. In contrast, simple types of maximum-likelihood and least-squares estimation procedures do not include shrinkage effects, although they can be used within shrinkage estimation schemes.
Description
Many standard estimators can be improved, in t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristian%20Leiva | Cristian Gustavo Leiva (born 26 September 1977) is an Argentine football midfielder who plays for Americo Tesorieri.
External links
Statistics at Guardian Stats Centre
Cristian Leiva at Football Lineups
Argentine Primera statistics
Argentine men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Club Atlético Banfield footballers
Cruz Azul footballers
Club de Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata footballers
R.S.C. Anderlecht players
R. Charleroi S.C. players
Club Olimpia footballers
Godoy Cruz Antonio Tomba footballers
San Lorenzo de Almagro footballers
Arsenal de Sarandí footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Paraguay
Sportspeople from La Rioja Province, Argentina
1977 births
Living people
Argentine Primera División players
Belgian Pro League players
Argentine expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium
Expatriate men's footballers in Mexico |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metrical%20task%20system | Task systems are mathematical objects used to model the set of possible configuration of online algorithms. They were introduced by Borodin, Linial and Saks (1992) to model a variety of online problems. A task system determines a set of states and costs to change states. Task systems obtain as input a sequence of requests such that each request assigns processing times to the states. The objective of an online algorithm for task systems is to create a schedule that minimizes the overall cost incurred due to processing the tasks with respect to the states and due to the cost to change states.
If the cost function to change states is a metric, the task system is a metrical task system (MTS). This is the most common type of task systems.
Metrical task systems generalize online problems such as paging, list accessing, and the k-server problem (in finite spaces).
Formal Definition
A task system is a pair where is a set of states and is a distance function. If is a metric, is a metrical task system. An input to the task system is a sequence such that for each , is a vector of non-negative entries that determine the processing costs for the states when processing the th task.
An algorithm for the task system produces a schedule that determines the sequence of states. For instance, means that the th task is run in state . The processing cost of a schedule is
The objective of the algorithm is to find a schedule such that the cost is minimized.
Known Results
As usual f |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentacarbonylhydridorhenium | Pentacarbonylhydridorhenium is a chemical compound with the formula ReH(CO)5. This colorless liquid is a weak acid and represents one of the most important derivatives of dirhenium decacarbonyl (Re2(CO)10). It is synthesized by treating a methanolic solution of bromopentacarbonylrhenium(I) (Re(CO)5Br) with zinc and acetic acid (HOAc).
Re(CO)5Br + Zn + HOAc → ReH(CO)5 + ZnBrOAc
It is moderately sensitive to light: samples turn yellow due to the formation of the metal cluster Re3H(CO)14
3 Re(CO)5H → Re3H(CO)14 + H2 + CO
At 100 °C, it decomposes to Re2(CO)10:
2 Re(CO)5H → H2 + Re2(CO)10
References
Carbonyl complexes
Organorhenium compounds
Metal hydrides |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier%20Andrea%20Saccardo | Pier Andrea Saccardo (23 April 1845 in Treviso, Treviso – 12 February 1920 in Padua) was an Italian botanist and mycologist. He was also the author of a color classification system that he called Chromotaxia. He was elected to the Linnean Society in 1916 as a foreign member. His multi-volume Sylloge Fungorum was one of the first attempts to produce a comprehensive treatise on the fungi which made use of the spore-bearing structures for classification.
Life
Saccardo was born in the wine growing region of Selva di Montello to Elena Vidotto and engineer Francesco di Selva. He studied at gymnasium of the Venice seminary, the Lyceum in Venice, and then at the Technical Institute of the University of Padua from 1864. Even at the age of fourteen, he had already put together a herbarium and had made collections of the insects of Treviso. He visited the Kew gardens in 1862. He received a doctorate in 1867 and in the same year married Eleonora Zava. He became an Assistant to Roberto de Visiani (1800-1878) an Italian botanist, naturalist and scholar. Then in 1869, he became a professor of Natural History in Padua. In 1876 he established the mycological journal Michelia which published many of his early mycological papers. In 1879 he became a professor of Botany and director of the botanical gardens of the university until 1915. He accumulated around 70,000 fungal specimens encompassing over 18,500 different species for his herbarium now stored at the university.
Saccardo's scientific |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell%20culture%20assay | A cell culture assay is any method used to assess the cytotoxicity of a material. This refers to the in vitro assessment of a material to determine whether it releases toxic chemicals in the cell. It also determines if the quantity is sufficient to kill cells, either directly or indirectly, through the inhibition of cell metabolic pathways. Cell culture evaluations are the precursor to whole animal studies and are a way to determine if significant cytotoxicity exists for the given material. Cell culture assays are standardized by ASTM, ISO, and BSI (British Standards Institution.)
See also
Microphysiometry
References
Biotechnology
Cell biology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superfluid%20film | Superfluidity is a phenomenon where a fluid, or a fraction of a fluid, loses all its viscosity and can flow without resistance, which can form thin films.
Superfluid helium, for example, forms a 30-nm-thick film on the surface of any container. The film's properties cause the helium to climb the walls of the container and, if this is not closed, flow out.
Superfluidity and superconductivity are macroscopic manifestations of quantum mechanics. There is considerable interest, both theoretical and practical, in these quantum phase transitions. There has been a tremendous amount of work done in the field of phase transitions and critical phenomena in two dimensions. Much of the interest in this field is because as the number of dimensions increases, the number of exactly solvable models diminishes drastically. In three or more dimensions one must resort to a mean field theory approach. The theory of superfluid transitions in two dimensions is known as the Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) theory. The 2D XY model - where the order parameter is characterized by an amplitude and a phase - is the universality class for this transition.
Experimental methods
In looking at phase transitions in thin films, specifically helium, the two main experimental signatures are the superfluid fraction and heat capacity. If either of these measurements were to be done on a superfluid film in a typical open container, the film signal would be overwhelmed by the background signal from the container. Ther |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium%20paratungstate | Ammonium paratungstate (or APT) is a white crystalline salt with the chemical formula (NH4)10(H2W12O42)·4H2O. It is described as "the most important raw material for all
other tungsten products."
Production
From tungsten ores
Tungsten ores, which are typically oxides, are digested in base to give solutions of tungstate together with many contaminating species. This crude extract is acidified and treated with sulfide to separate molybdenum trisulfide. Upon further acidification APT eventually crystallizes.
Laboratory methods
If a calcined WO3 is used, refluxing the ammonia solution is advisable to accelerate its dissolution.
Conversion to tungsten metal
Heating ammonium paratungstate to its decomposition temperature of 600 °C yields tungsten(VI) oxide, as described in this idealized equation:
(NH4)10(H2W12O42)·4H2O → 12 WO3 + 10 NH3 + 6 H2O
From there, the trioxide is heated in an atmosphere of hydrogen, yielding elemental tungsten:
WO3 + 3 H2 → W + 3 H2O
Structure
The anion in (NH4)10(W12O41)·5H2O has been shown to be [H2W12O42]10−, containing two hydrogen atoms, keeping two hydrogen atoms inside the cage. The correct formula notation for ammonium paratungstate is therefore (NH4)10[H2W12O42]·4H2O. The [H2W12O42]10− ion is known as the paratungstate B ion, as opposed to the paratungstate A ion, that has the formula [W7O24]6−, similar to the paramolybdate ion. The existence of the paratungstate A ion, could not be confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, however.
Befo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordination%20number | In chemistry, crystallography, and materials science, the coordination number, also called ligancy, of a central atom in a molecule or crystal is the number of atoms, molecules or ions bonded to it. The ion/molecule/atom surrounding the central ion/molecule/atom is called a ligand. This number is determined somewhat differently for molecules than for crystals.
For molecules and polyatomic ions the coordination number of an atom is determined by simply counting the other atoms to which it is bonded (by either single or multiple bonds). For example, [Cr(NH3)2Cl2Br2]− has Cr3+ as its central cation, which has a coordination number of 6 and is described as hexacoordinate. The common coordination numbers are 4, 6 and 8.
Molecules, polyatomic ions and coordination complexes
In chemistry, coordination number, defined originally in 1893 by Alfred Werner, is the total number of neighbors of a central atom in a molecule or ion. The concept is most commonly applied to coordination complexes.
Simple and commonplace cases
The most common coordination number for d-block transition metal complexes is 6. The coordination number does not distinguish the geometry of such complexes, i.e. octahedral vs trigonal prismatic.
For transition metal complexes, coordination numbers range from 2 (e.g., AuI in Ph3PAuCl) to 9 (e.g., ReVII in [ReH9]2−). Metals in the f-block (the lanthanoids and actinoids) can accommodate higher coordination number due to their greater ionic radii and availability |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Mall | Crystal Mall may refer to:
Crystal Mall (British Columbia), a mall in Burnaby, British Columbia.
Crystal Mall (Connecticut), a mall in Waterford, Connecticut. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Washington%20High%20School%20%28Danville%2C%20Virginia%29 | George Washington High School is a secondary school of Danville, Virginia. It is a member of the Piedmont District, Conference 23 in the 4A classification. The school has approximately 1400 students and 200 staff. The school mascot has been the Eagle since 1970/71 school year (previously being the Cardinal), upon the school's merger with John M. Langston High School.
Athletics
Both George Washington boys' and girls' basketball teams have won the Western Valley district championship numerous times. The boys' basketball team won the state championship in 1933, 1996 and 1998 and finished nationally ranked both of the 96 and 98 seasons. The 1985 Girls Basketball team won the States Championship. The 1996 team finished the season ranked #4 in the USA Today Final Poll with a record of 28-0. The 1998 team finished the season ranked #22 in the USA Today Final Poll with a record of 27-1. Most recently, the boys' team won the 2019 Class 4 State Championship game and finished with a record of 27-2. The GW golf team has won the state championship five times. The GW baseball team have won the state title five times (1926, 1928, 1931, 1953, 1954). The boys' track & field team has had many state champions and even national champions. Football has brought state titles to GWHS in 1944, 1968, and 1982. Football has also produced a few undefeated regular seasons teams, the most recent being in 2014 finishing with a 10-0 record. The football team has also produced many collegiate and professi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%28119979%29%202002%20WC19 | is a twotino, that is, a planetoid in a 1:2 orbital resonance with Neptune. It was discovered on November 16, 2002 at the Palomar Observatory. If its derived diameter is correct it would have a higher density than Pluto, which is unusual as it appears to be much smaller than the expected size at which a Kuiper belt object usually becomes solid.
Knowing how many twotinos there are may reveal whether Neptune took roughly 1 million or 10 million years to migrate about 7 AU from its birth location.
Satellite
A natural satellite was reported to be orbiting (named S/2007 (119979) 1) on February 27, 2007. It is estimated to be from the primary, with an orbital period of days, an eccentricity of and an inclination of . Assuming similar albedos, it is a quarter the diameter of its primary, or around in diameter.
References
External links
Twotinos
Discoveries by the Palomar Observatory
Possible dwarf planets
Binary trans-Neptunian objects
20021116 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survivin | Survivin, also called baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 5 or BIRC5, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the BIRC5 gene.
Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family. The survivin protein functions to inhibit caspase activation, thereby leading to negative regulation of apoptosis or programmed cell death. This has been shown by disruption of survivin induction pathways leading to increase in apoptosis and decrease in tumour growth. The survivin protein is expressed highly in most human tumours and fetal tissue, but is completely absent in terminally differentiated cells. These data suggest survivin might provide a new target for cancer therapy that would discriminate between transformed and normal cells. Survivin expression is also highly regulated by the cell cycle and is only expressed in the G2-M phase. It is known that Survivin localizes to the mitotic spindle by interaction with tubulin during mitosis and may play a contributing role in regulating mitosis. The molecular mechanisms of survivin regulation are still not well understood, but regulation of survivin seems to be linked to the p53 protein. It also is a direct target gene of the Wnt pathway and is upregulated by beta-catenin.
IAP family of anti-apoptotic proteins
Survivin is a member of the IAP family of antiapoptotic proteins. It is shown to be conserved in function across evolution as homologues of the protein are found both in vertebrates and invertebrates. The |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard%E2%80%93Yenching%20Classification | The Harvard–Yenching Classification System is a library classification system for Chinese language materials in the United States of America. It was devised by Alfred Kaiming Chiu (1898–1977). The system was primarily created for the classification of Chinese language materials in the Harvard–Yenching Library which was founded in 1927 at the Harvard–Yenching Institute.
During that early period other systems, such as the early edition of the Library of Congress Classification, did not consist of appropriate subject headings to classify the Chinese language materials, particularly the ancient published materials. As many American libraries started to collect the ancient and contemporary published materials from China, a number of American libraries subsequently followed Harvard University to adopt Harvard–Yenching classification system, such as the East Asian Library of the University of California in Berkeley, Columbia University, University of Chicago, Washington University in St. Louis etc.
In addition to American libraries, the libraries of other universities in the world including England, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Singapore etc. also followed Harvard University to adopt the system. During the period from the 1930s to the 1970s, the use of the system became popular for classifying not only Chinese language materials but also other East Asian materials including Korean and Japanese language materials.
During the period from the 1970s to the 1980s, a comprehen |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichotomy | A trichotomy can refer to:
Law of trichotomy, a mathematical law that every real number is either positive, negative, or zero
Trichotomy theorem, in finite group theory
Trichotomy (jazz trio), Australian jazz band, collaborators with Danny Widdicombe on a 2019 album
Trichotomy (philosophy), series of three terms used by various thinkers
Trichotomy (speciation), three groups from a common ancestor, where it is unclear or unknown in what chronological order the three groups split
Trichotomous or 3-forked branching in botany
See also
Tripartite (disambiguation)
Triune (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1901%20FA%20Cup%20final | The 1901 FA Cup final was an association football match between Sheffield United and Tottenham Hotspur on Saturday, 20 April 1901 at the Crystal Palace stadium in south London. It was the final match of the 1900–01 FA Cup, the 30th edition of the world's oldest football knockout competition, and England's primary cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup, better known as the FA Cup.
Sheffield United were appearing in their second final, having won the cup in 1899, and Tottenham Hotspur in their first. Both teams joined the competition in the first round proper and progressed through four rounds to the final. As a member of the Football League First Division, Sheffield United were exempt from the competition's qualifying phase. Tottenham Hotspur, as a member of the Southern League, would normally have been required to pre-qualify but, as champions of the Southern League in 1899–1900, they were given byes through the qualifying phase to the first round.
The final was watched by a world record crowd of 110,820 and ended in a 2–2 draw. The goalscorers were Fred Priest and Walter Bennett for Sheffield United and Sandy Brown (twice) for Tottenham Hotspur. A replay was held a week later on 27 April at Burnden Park in Bolton, but before a much-reduced crowd of 20,470. Tottenham Hotspur won 3–1 with goals by John Cameron, Tom Smith and Brown against one by Fred Priest for Sheffield United. Brown was the first player to score a goal (fifteen in total) in every round of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route%20nationale%2016 | The Route nationale 16, or RN16, is a trunk road (nationale) in France crossing Picardy north of Paris.
Reclassification
The majority of the road has now been re-classified as the RD 1016 and RD 916.
Route
Pierrefitte-sur-Seine to Clermont (0km - 66km)
The road starts in Pierrefitte-sur-Seine, north of Paris as a branch of the RN 1, as the Avenue de la Division Leclerc and bypasses the town of Sarcelles and heads into open countryside crossing the RN 104 (La Francilienne). The road passes the castle and estate of Épinay-Champlâtreux and the Parc naturel régional Oise-Pays de France. The road bypasses Luzarches and plunges through the Forêt de Coye and then on to Chantilly.
At Chantilly the road crosses the river of Nonette and on through woodland to Creil in the Oise valley. The road crosses the valley up the Brèche valley to Clermont, The road has a junction here with the RN 31 from Beauvais to Compiègne.
Clermont to Amiens (66km to 132km)
The road has now been downgraded to the RD 916 north of Clermont. The road initially follows the Arné valley north. At Saint-Just-en-Chaussée it follows the course of an old Roman road. The road leaves the valley and heads through open country to the town of Breteuil where it meets the RN 1 (former RN 181). The RN 16 has been renamed RN 1 (now RD 1001) until the town of Amiens.
Amiens to Dunkerque (132km to 287km)
North of Amiens, the RN 16 has been renamed RN 25 until the town of Doullens. The road continues north numbered as RD |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correctional%20emergency%20response%20team | A correctional emergency response team (abbreviated CERT or CRT) is a team of specially trained prison officers tasked with responding to disturbances, riots, cell extractions, mass searches, and other situations in prisons that are likely to involve uncooperative or violent prisoners.
Duties
Possible duties of a CRT include transport of high risk inmates, extracting uncooperative prisoners from their cells, daily full cell searches and high profile security, barricaded persons, riots, mass arrest, high risk or high profile transport and hostages situations, as well as crowd control. In the United States, CRT organization and training requirements differ from state to state. A standard cell extraction team may consists of the following:
CRT team leader "leads", and is the only person who may give verbal commands to both the inmate and to their own team. Requires spoken communication skills and anger de-escalation techniques.
The equipment/video member "EQV" captures the entire response on video.
CRT officer "1" is the lead member, first in to deal with the inmate. Usually a shield man.
CRT officer "2" is the second team member in. Usually assigned to immobilize the right arm/hand.
CRT officer "3" is the third team member in. Usually assigned to immobilize the left arm/hand.
CRT officer "4" is the fourth team member in. Usually assigned to immobilize the right leg.
CRT officer "5" is the fifth team member in. Usually assigned to immobilize the left leg. (Practiced in the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%E2%80%9307%20TFF%20Second%20League | Iddaa League B 2006–07 is the 2006-2007 season of Iddaa League B.
First round
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Group E
Second round
Classification groups
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Group E
Promotion group
Third Round (Extra Play-Off)
All matches were played at Bursa Atatürk Stadium.
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Final
See also
2006–07 Süper Lig
2006–07 TFF First League
2006–07 TFF Third League
TFF Second League seasons
3
Turkey |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazen%20head | A brazen head, brass, or bronze head was a legendary automaton in the early modern period whose ownership was ascribed to late medieval scholars, such as Roger Bacon, who had developed a reputation as wizards. Made of brass or bronze, the male head was variously mechanical or magical. Like Odin's head of Mimir in Norse paganism, it was reputed to be able to correctly answer any question put to it, although it was sometimes restricted to "yes" or "no" answers. In the seventeenth century, Thomas Browne considered them to be misunderstanding of the scholars' alchemical work, while in modern times, Borlik argues that they came to serve as "a metonymy for the hubris of Renaissance intellectuals and artists". Idries Shah devotes a chapter of his book The Sufis to providing an interpretation of this "head of wisdom" as well as the phrase "making a head", stating that at its source the head "is none other than the symbol of the [Sufic] completed man."
Legend
Chaucer's "The Squire's Tale" depicts a moving brazen horse among the gifts from an Arab and an Indian king to Cambuscan, and compares it to the Trojan horse. It is likely that these accounts had their origin in allegorical treatments of alchemy and in early machines whose owners pretended to have given them life or speech. They may also have found inspiration in the Greek legends concerning Talos, the brass guardian of Minoan Crete.
The first account of a talking head used to give its owner answers to his questions appears in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich%20Welker | Heinrich Johann Welker (9 September 1912 in Ingolstadt – 25 December 1981 in Erlangen) was a German theoretical and applied physicist who invented the "transistron", a transistor made at Westinghouse independently of the first successful transistor made at Bell Laboratories. He did fundamental work in III-V compound semiconductors, and paved the way for microwave semiconductor elements and laser diodes.
Biography and important work
Starting in 1931, Welker studied at the University of Munich under Arnold Sommerfeld, and was granted a Ph.D. in 1936. The book Electrodynamics - Lectures on Theoretical Physics Volume III by Sommerfeld was based on lecture notes prepared by Welker during the winter semester of 1933/1934. Welker was granted his Habilitation under Sommerfeld in 1939.
During the war years, 1940 to 1945, Welker worked at Luftfunkforschungs Institut in Oberpfaffenhofen, but still maintained association (1942 to 1944) with the physicochemical institute of Klaus Clusius at the University of Munich. After the war, 1947 – 1951, he took a job at the Westinghouse subsidiary in Paris, Compagnie des Freins et Signaux Westinghouse. From 1951 to 1961, Welker headed of the solid-state physics department of Siemens-Schuckertwerke, in Erlangen, where he developed the new, III-V compounds, to replace silicon semiconductors. His work resulted in large-scale use of galvanomagnetic and optoelectronic effects, as well as new switching circuits in microelectronics. Welker and his |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perceptual%20Evaluation%20of%20Audio%20Quality | Perceptual Evaluation of Audio Quality (PEAQ) is a standardized algorithm for objectively measuring perceived audio quality, developed in 1994-1998 by a joint venture of experts within Task Group 6Q of the International Telecommunication Union's Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R). It was originally released as ITU-R Recommendation BS.1387 in 1998 and last updated in 2023. It utilizes software to simulate perceptual properties of the human ear and then integrates multiple model output variables into a single metric.
PEAQ characterizes the perceived audio quality as subjects would do in a listening test according to ITU-R BS.1116. PEAQ results principally model mean opinion scores that cover a scale from 1 (bad) to 5 (excellent). The Subjective Difference Grade (SDG), which measures the degree of compression damage (impairment) is defined as the difference between the opinion scores of tested version and the reference (source). The SDG typically ranges from 0 (no perceived impairment) to -4 (terrible impairment). The Objective Difference Grade (ODG) is the actual output of the algorithm, designed to match SDG.
Motivation
The need to conserve bandwidth has led to developments in the compression of the audio data to be transmitted. Various encoding methods remove both redundancy and perceptual irrelevancy in the audio signal so that the bit rate required to encode the signal is significantly reduced. They take into account knowledge of human auditory perception and typically ac |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route%20nationale%2017 | The Route nationale 17, or RN17, is a trunk road (nationale) in France connecting Paris to the border with Belgium.
Reclassification
The majority of the route runs close to the A1 autoroute. As a result, north of Senlis the road has been downgraded and re-classified as the RD1017 and RD917. There is a small section of the RN17 remaining between Arras and Lille.
Route
Paris-Senlis-Arras-Lens-Lille-Belgium
Paris to Senlis (0 km – 31 km)
The road starts north of Paris as a branch of the RN2, opposite the Airport Paris-Le Bourget, and heads north east as the Av du Mai 1985 and then Route de Flandre. The road skirts the western edge of the Charles de Gaulle Airport, crosses the RD104 and then through open countryside.
After the village of Survillers the road enters the Parc Naturel Régional de Oise Pays de France. The road now passes through the Forêt du Chantilly before reaching the Cathedral City of Senlis.
Senlis to Arras (31 km to 162 km)
At Senlis there are junctions with the RN330, RN324 and A1. The road heads north through the Forêt d'Halatte crossing the river Oise at Pont-Sainte-Maxence crosses marsh and woodland before open countryside. There is a junction with the RN31 (E46) between Beauvais and Compiègne. The road then passes the villages of Estrées-Saint-Denis and Cuvilly passing the grounds of the Chateau de Tilloloy. The road crosses the autoroute and heads round the village of Roye. The bypass runs next to war-graves on the bank of the river Avre.
The RN17 th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy%27s%20theorem%20%28geometry%29 | Cauchy's theorem is a theorem in geometry, named after Augustin Cauchy. It states that
convex polytopes in three dimensions with congruent corresponding faces must be congruent to each other. That is, any polyhedral net formed by unfolding the faces of the polyhedron onto a flat surface, together with gluing instructions describing which faces should be connected to each other, uniquely determines the shape of the original polyhedron. For instance, if six squares are connected in the pattern of a cube, then they must form a cube: there is no convex polyhedron with six square faces connected in the same way that does not have the same shape.
This is a fundamental result in rigidity theory: one consequence of the theorem is that, if one makes a physical model of a convex polyhedron by connecting together rigid plates for each of the polyhedron faces with flexible hinges along the polyhedron edges, then this ensemble of plates and hinges will necessarily form a rigid structure.
Statement
Let P and Q be combinatorially equivalent 3-dimensional convex polytopes; that is, they are convex polytopes with isomorphic face lattices. Suppose further that each pair of corresponding faces from P and Q are congruent to each other, i.e. equal up to a rigid motion. Then P and Q are themselves congruent.
To see that convexity is necessary, consider a regular icosahedron. One can "push in" a vertex to create a nonconvex polyhedron that is still combinatorially equivalent to the regular i |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie%20G.%20Kanell | Billie Gene Kanell (June 26, 1931 – September 7, 1951) was a United States Army soldier in the Korean War who posthumously received the U.S. military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor. He was awarded the medal for twice falling on a grenade to protect his fellow soldiers during a 1951 battle.
Biography
Born on June 26, 1931, in Poplar Bluff, Missouri, Kanell later joined the Army from that city. By September 7, 1951, he was serving in Korea as a private in Company I of the 35th Infantry Regiment, 25th Infantry Division. On that day, near Pyonggang, his unit was attacked by a numerically superior force. When a grenade was thrown into his emplacement, he smothered the blast with his body to protect two nearby soldiers. Although severely wounded in the explosion, he used his body to shield his comrades from another grenade which was thrown seconds later. Mortally wounded in this act, Kanell was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor nine months later, on June 13, 1952.
Aged 20 at his death, Kanell was buried at Fairdealing Cemetery in Fairdealing, Missouri.
Medal of Honor citation
Kanell's official citation reads:
Pvt. Kanell, a member of Company I, distinguished himself by conspicuous gallantry and outstanding courage above and beyond the call of duty in action against the enemy. A numerically superior hostile force had launched a fanatical assault against friendly positions, supported by mortar and artillery fire, when Pvt. Kanell stood in his emplacement exposed t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrarhodium%20dodecacarbonyl | Tetrarhodium dodecacarbonyl is the chemical compound with the formula Rh4(CO)12. This dark-red crystalline solid is the smallest binary rhodium carbonyl that can be handled as a solid under ambient conditions. It is used as a catalyst in organic synthesis.
Structure, synthesis, reactions
According to X-ray crystallography, features a tetrahedral array of four Rh atoms with nine terminal CO ligands and three bridging CO ligands. The structure can be expressed as Rh4(CO)9(µ-CO)3.
is prepared by treatment of an aqueous solution of rhodium trichloride with activated copper metal under an atmosphere of CO.
4 RhCl3(H2O)3 + 8 Cu + 22 CO → + 2 CO2 + 8 Cu(CO)Cl + 4 HCl + 10 H2O
Alternatively, the compound can be prepared by treatment of a methanolic solution of RhCl3(H2O)3 with CO to afford H[RhCl2(CO)2], followed by carbonylation in the presence of sodium citrate.
The cluster undergoes thermal substitution with phosphine ligands, L:
Rh4(CO)12-n + n L → Rh4(CO)12-nLn + n CO
Tetrarhodium dodecacarbonyl quantitatively decomposes in boiling hexane to afford hexadecacarbonylhexarhodium:
Related metal carbonyls
Because of their relevance to hydroformylation catalysis, rhodium carbonyls have been systematically studied to a high degree. The instability of Rh2(CO)8 has been a source of curiosity. The analogous binary carbonyl of cobalt, Co2(CO)8, is well known. Solutions of Rh4(CO)12 under high pressures of CO convert to the dirhodium |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chan%27s%20algorithm | In computational geometry, Chan's algorithm, named after Timothy M. Chan, is an optimal output-sensitive algorithm to compute the convex hull of a set of points, in 2- or 3-dimensional space.
The algorithm takes time, where is the number of vertices of the output (the convex hull). In the planar case, the algorithm combines an algorithm (Graham scan, for example) with Jarvis march (), in order to obtain an optimal time. Chan's algorithm is notable because it is much simpler than the Kirkpatrick–Seidel algorithm, and it naturally extends to 3-dimensional space. This paradigm has been independently developed by Frank Nielsen in his Ph.D. thesis.
Algorithm
Overview
A single pass of the algorithm requires a parameter which is between 0 and (number of points of our set ). Ideally, but , the number of vertices in the output convex hull, is not known at the start. Multiple passes with increasing values of are done which then terminates when (see below on choosing parameter ).
The algorithm starts by arbitrarily partitioning the set of points into subsets with at most points each; notice that .
For each subset , it computes the convex hull, , using an algorithm (for example, Graham scan), where is the number of points in the subset. As there are subsets of points each, this phase takes time.
During the second phase, Jarvis's march is executed, making use of the precomputed (mini) convex hulls, . At each step in this Jarvis's march algorithm, we have a point |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-city | A proto-city is a large, dense Neolithic settlement that is largely distinguished from a city by its lack of planning and centralized rule. While the precise classification of many sites considered proto-cities is ambiguous and subject to considerable debate, common examples include Jericho, Çatalhöyük and the mega-sites of the Cucuteni-Trypillia culture. Sites of the Ubaid period in Mesopotamia have also been classed as proto-cities. These sites pre-date the Mesopotamian city-states of the Uruk period that mark the development of the first indisputable urban settlements, with the emergence of cities such as Uruk at the end of the Fourth Millennium, B.C.
The emergence of cities from proto-urban settlements is a non-linear development that demonstrates the varied experiences of early urbanization. Whilst the proto-urban sites of the Ubaid period in northern Mesopotamia anticipate the social and political developments of the first Sumerian cities, many proto-cities show little correlation with later urban settlements.
Definition
The label of a proto-city is applied to Neolithic mega-sites that are large and population-dense for their time but lack most other characteristics that are found in later urban settlements such as those of the Mesopotamian city-states in the 4th Millennium B.C. These later urban sites are commonly distinguished by a dense, stratified population alongside a level of organisation that facilitated the building of public works, the redistribution of foo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regression%20%28psychology%29 | In psychoanalytic theory, Regression () is a defense mechanism involving the reversion of the ego to an earlier stage of psychosexual development, as a reaction to an overwhelming external problem or internal conflict.
Sigmund Freud invoked the notion of regression in relation to his theory of dreams (1900) and sexual perversions (1905), but the concept itself was first elaborated in his paper "The Disposition to Obsessional Neurosis" (1913). In 1914, he added a paragraph to The Interpretation of Dreams that distinguished three kinds of regression, which he called topographical regression, temporal regression, and formal regression.
Freud, regression, and neurosis
Freud saw inhibited development, fixation, and regression as centrally formative elements in the creation of a neurosis. Arguing that "the libidinal function goes through a lengthy development", he assumed that "a development of this kind involves two dangers – first, of inhibition, and secondly, of regression". Inhibitions produced fixations, and the "stronger the fixations on its path of development, the more readily will the function evade external difficulties by regressing to the fixations".
Neurosis for Freud was thus the product of a flight from an unsatisfactory reality "along the path of involution, of regression, of a return to earlier phases of sexual life, phases from which at one time satisfaction was not withheld. This regression appears to be a twofold one: a temporal one, in so far as the libido, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius%20Marmur | Julius Marmur (March 22, 1926 – May 20, 1996) was an American molecular biologist who made significant contributions to DNA research. His discovery, while working in the laboratory of Paul Doty at Harvard University, that the denaturation of DNA was reversible (DNA hybridization) and depended on salt- and GC-content, had a major impact on how scientists thought about DNA, and how DNA could be handled in vitro. This discovery was a cornerstone of the recombinant DNA revolution.
DNA strand recombination was observed using bacterial DNA; monitoring absorbance-temperature curves, density-gradient ultracentrifugation and by direct inspection using electron microscopy. Further evidence of reversible hybridization was given by experiments measuring the ability of heat-treated DNA to transform bacterial strains.
Marmur was born in Białystok, Poland, grew up in Canada and graduated from McGill University in 1946. He received a master's degree from McGill and a PhD in bacterial physiology from Iowa State University.
Marmur spent most of his professional career at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in the Bronx, New York, affiliated with Yeshiva University. Honoring the memory of Dr. Marmur, the college holds an annual Julius Marmur Symposium acknowledging excellence in graduate student research.
References
Further reading
1926 births
1996 deaths
Harvard University staff
Yeshiva University faculty
American biologists
20th-century biologists |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus%20theorem | In Boolean algebra, the consensus theorem or rule of consensus is the identity:
The consensus or resolvent of the terms and is . It is the conjunction of all the unique literals of the terms, excluding the literal that appears unnegated in one term and negated in the other. If includes a term which is negated in (or vice versa), the consensus term is false; in other words, there is no consensus term.
The conjunctive dual of this equation is:
Proof
Consensus
The consensus or consensus term of two conjunctive terms of a disjunction is defined when one term contains the literal and the other the literal , an opposition. The consensus is the conjunction of the two terms, omitting both and , and repeated literals. For example, the consensus of and is . The consensus is undefined if there is more than one opposition.
For the conjunctive dual of the rule, the consensus can be derived from and through the resolution inference rule. This shows that the LHS is derivable from the RHS (if A → B then A → AB; replacing A with RHS and B with (y ∨ z) ). The RHS can be derived from the LHS simply through the conjunction elimination inference rule. Since RHS → LHS and LHS → RHS (in propositional calculus), then LHS = RHS (in Boolean algebra).
Applications
In Boolean algebra, repeated consensus is the core of one algorithm for calculating the Blake canonical form of a formula.
In digital logic, including the consensus term in a circuit can eliminate race hazards.
History
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stigler%20diet | The Stigler diet is an optimization problem named for George Stigler, a 1982 Nobel laureate in economics, who posed the following problem:
The nutrient RDAs required to be met in Stigler's experiment were calories, protein, calcium, iron, as well as vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, and C. The result was an annual budget allocated to foods such as evaporated milk, cabbage, dried navy beans, and beef liver at a cost of approximately $0.11 a day in 1939 U.S. dollars.
While the name "Stigler Diet" was applied after the experiment by outsiders, according to Stigler, "No one recommends these diets for anyone, let alone everyone." The Stigler diet has been much ridiculed for its lack of variety and palatability; however, his methodology has received praise and is considered to be some of the earliest work in linear programming.
Linear programming problem
The Stigler diet question is a linear programming problem. Lacking any sophisticated method of solving such a problem, Stigler was forced to utilize heuristic methods in order to find a solution. The diet question originally asked in what quantities a male would have to consume 77 different foods in order to fulfill the recommended intake of 9 different nutrients while keeping expenses at a minimum. Through "trial and error, mathematical insight and agility," Stigler was able to eliminate 62 of the foods from the original 77 (these foods were removed because they lacked nutrients in comparison to the remaining 15). From the reduced |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NtrC | NtrC (Nitrogen regulatory protein C) is the name of the protein necessary for the prokaryotic regulation transcription factor sigma N (sigma 54) to form an open complex with RNA polymerase in order to activate glnA transcription. The closed -> open conformational change of the sigma N-RNA polymerase complex around the glutamine synthetase gene promoter requires ATP and involves the formation of a loop between the enhancer and the promoter regions, which may be facilitated by DNA-bending proteins (such as IHF). The NtrC proteins bind at two sites located -160 and -80 upstream from the point of gene transcription.
References
Lecture notes, Molecular Genetics 3 at the University of Edinburgh autumn 2006
Proteins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%207080 | The IBM 7080 was a variable word length BCD transistor computer in the IBM 700/7000 series commercial architecture line, introduced in August 1961, that provided an upgrade path from the vacuum tube IBM 705 computer.
The 7080 weighed about .
After the introduction of the IBM 7070, in June 1960, as an upgrade path for both the IBM 650 and IBM 705 computers, IBM realized that it was so incompatible with the 705 that few users of that system wanted to upgrade to the 7070. That prompted the development of the 7080, which was fully compatible with all models of the 705 and added many improvements.
IBM 705 compatibility modes
For backward compatibility with the IBM 705 the machine had two switches on the operator's control panel, 705 I-II and 40K memory, that selected the mode the machine started in.
705 I mode — 20,000 characters (705 I-II On, 40K memory Off)
Indirect addressing is disabled
Communication channels are disabled
705 II mode — 40,000 characters (705 I-II On, 40K memory On)
Indirect addressing is disabled
Communication channels are disabled
705 III mode — 40,000 characters (705 I-II Off, 40K memory On)
Indirect addressing is enabled
Communication channels are enabled
705 III mode — 80,000 characters (705 I-II Off, 40K memory Off)
Indirect addressing is enabled
Communication channels are enabled
Software can then command the 7080 to enter full 7080 mode from any 705 startup mode.
7080 mode — 160,000 characters
Indirect addressing is disabled
Communication channels a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%2C6-Xylidine | 2,6-Xylidine is an organic compound with the formula C6H3(CH3)2NH2. It is one of several isomeric xylidines. It is a colorless viscous liquid. Commercially significant derivatives are the anesthetics lidocaine, bupivacaine, mepivacaine, and etidocaine.
Production, occurrence, reactions
Many xylidines are prepared by nitration of a xylene followed by hydrogenation of the nitroaromatic, but this approach is not efficient for this isomer. Instead, it is prepared from by treatment of the related xylenol with ammonia in the presence of oxide catalysts.
2,6-Xylidine is also a major metabolite of the drug xylazine in both horses, and humans.
2,6-Xylidine is the precursor to the NHC ligand called Xyl.
Uses
2,6-Xylidine is a precursor to the fungicide Metalaxyl and the herbicide metazachlor.
References
IARC Group 2B carcinogens
Anilines |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%2C5-Xylidine | 2,5-Xylidine is an organic compound with the formula C6H3(CH3)2NH2. It is one of several isomeric xylidines. It is a colorless viscous liquid. Commercially significant derivatives include Solvent Yellow 30, Solvent Red 22, Acid Red 65, and Solvent Red 26.
Production
Like many xylidines, it is prepared by nitration of the corresponding xylene followed by reduction of the nitroxylene. Reduction can be effected with HCl/Fe, but usually is achieved by catalytic hydrogenation:
Me2C6H4 + HNO3 → Me2C6H3NO2 + H2O
Me2C6H3NO2 + 3 H2 → Me2C6H3NH2 + 3H2O
Safety
It is mutagenic and tumor-inducing. Acute toxicity of xylidines is modest as indicated by LD50 (rats, oral) are in the range 0.1-1 g/kg.
References
Anilines |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%2C4-Xylidine | 2,4-Xylidine is an organic compound with the formula C6H3(CH3)2NH2. It is one of several isomeric xylidines. It is a colorless viscous liquid. Commercially significant derivatives include the veterinary drug cymiazole and the colorant Pigment Yellow 81.
It is prepared by nitration of m-xylene followed by hydrogenation.
References
Anilines |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Mass | Crystal Mass is the fourth album by The Tear Garden, released four years after To Be an Angel Blind, the Crippled Soul Divide. It has the same line-up as the previous release.
This was their last album released on Nettwerk.
Track listing
All tracks by The Tear Garden
"Lament" – 6:28
"The Double Spades Effect" – 5:13
"Desert Island Disc" – 5:23
"Hopeful" – 3:28
"Her Majesty's Trusted Food Taster" – 6:54
"Castaway" – 5:17
"Feathered Friends" – 4:56
"To Mourn the Death of Colour" – 12:39
"Six of One" – 7:26
Personnel
Martijn de Kleer – acoustic guitar, violin, electric guitar
Rachel K. – artwork
Edward Ka-Spel – keyboards, vocals, producer, electronics
cEvin Key – acoustic guitar, percussion, drums, keyboards, producer, electronics, tapes
Remco Polman – image manipulation
Niels Van Hoorn – flute
Bill Van Rooy – hand percussion
Frankie Verschuuren – producer, engineer
Crystal Mass has a tracking error: tracks 4 and 5 ("Hopeful" and "Her Majesty's Trusted Food Taster") are indexed as a single 10:23 track. In addition, the track listing on the album mistakenly titles track 6 as "Her Majesty's Trusted Food Taster" when in fact it is "Castaway".
"To Mourn the Death of Colour" is used as a lyric in The Legendary Pink Dots song "Cheraderama".
References
2000 albums
The Tear Garden albums
Nettwerk Records albums |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirichlet%20process | In probability theory, Dirichlet processes (after the distribution associated with Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet) are a family of stochastic processes whose realizations are probability distributions. In other words, a Dirichlet process is a probability distribution whose range is itself a set of probability distributions. It is often used in Bayesian inference to describe the prior knowledge about the distribution of random variables—how likely it is that the random variables are distributed according to one or another particular distribution.
As an example, a bag of 100 real-world dice is a random probability mass function (random pmf)—to sample this random pmf you put your hand in the bag and draw out a die, that is, you draw a pmf. A bag of dice manufactured using a crude process 100 years ago will likely have probabilities that deviate wildly from the uniform pmf, whereas a bag of state-of-the-art dice used by Las Vegas casinos may have barely perceptible imperfections. We can model the randomness of pmfs with the Dirichlet distribution.
The Dirichlet process is specified by a base distribution and a positive real number called the concentration parameter (also known as scaling parameter). The base distribution is the expected value of the process, i.e., the Dirichlet process draws distributions "around" the base distribution the way a normal distribution draws real numbers around its mean. However, even if the base distribution is continuous, the distributions draw |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Play%20Cell | Play Cell is the debut studio album by the American punk rock band Tilt. The album was released on June 4, 1993 through Lookout Records with the catalog number LK 071. It was the group's last release on Lookout! before the band signed to Fat Wreck Chords two years later. Play Cell also marks the last Tilt recording to feature bassist Pete Rypins, who left the group in 1994 and was replaced by Gabe Meline.
Track listing
Personnel
Cinder Block – lead vocals
Jeffrey Bischoff – guitar, backing vocals
Pete Rypins – bass, backing vocals
Vincent Camacho – drums
Production
Mark Lemaire – production
Kevin Army – engineering
John Golden – mastering
Alicia J. Rose and Cinder Block – cover art
Idon Bryant – photography
Sergie Loobkoff – graphic design
References
External links
Lookout Records album page
1993 debut albums
Tilt (band) albums
Lookout! Records albums |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obturator%20canal | The obturator canal is a passageway formed in the obturator foramen by part of the obturator membrane and the pelvis. It connects the pelvis to the thigh.
Structure
The obturator canal is formed between the obturator membrane and the pelvis. The obturator artery, obturator vein, and obturator nerve all travel through the canal.
Clinical significance
An obturator hernia is a type of hernia involving an intrusion into the obturator canal.
The obturator nerve can be compressed in the obturator canal.
The obturator canal may be compressed during pregnancy and major traumatic injuries, causing obturator syndrome.
See also
Obturator fascia
References
External links
Pelvis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20S.%20Hassan | Richard S. Hassan is a retired officer of the United States Air Force. He served as director of the Air Force Senior Leader Management Office in Crystal City, Virginia, overseeing career development for senior leaders in the Air Force. He is of Irish background.
Though Hassan was a brigadier general, the Secretary of the Air Force retired him in the lower grade of colonel shortly after he was found to have sexually harassed female subordinates, engaged in unprofessional relationships and created a hostile work environment. The revelations about Hassan surfaced shortly after a similar scandal involving former top Air Force Major General Thomas J. Fiscus and shortly before a scandal involving another high-ranking Air Force officer, Colonel Michael D. Murphy.
References
External links
Air Force Inspector General's report on Hassan
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
United States Air Force generals |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pectinesterase | Pectinesterase (EC 3.1.1.11; systematic name pectin pectylhydrolase) is a ubiquitous cell-wall-associated enzyme that presents several isoforms that facilitate plant cell wall modification and subsequent breakdown. It catalyzes the following reaction:
pectin + n H2O = n methanol + pectate
It is found in all higher plants as well as in some bacteria and fungi. Pectinesterase functions primarily by altering the localised pH of the cell wall resulting in alterations in cell wall integrity.
Pectinesterase catalyses the de-esterification of pectin into pectate and methanol. Pectin is one of the main components of the plant cell wall. In plants, pectinesterase plays an important role in cell wall metabolism during fruit ripening. In plant bacterial pathogens such as Erwinia carotovora and in fungal pathogens such as Aspergillus niger, pectinesterase is involved in maceration and soft-rotting of plant tissue. Plant pectinesterases are regulated by pectinesterase inhibitors, which are ineffective against microbial enzymes.
Function
Recent studies have shown that the manipulation of pectinesterase expression can influence numerous physiological processes. In plants, pectinesterase plays a role in the modulation of cell wall mechanical stability during fruit ripening, cell wall extension during pollen germination and pollen tube growth, abscission, stem elongation, tuber yield and root development. Pectinesterase has also been shown to play a role in a plants response to pathogen |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coble%20creep | Coble creep, a form of diffusion creep, is a mechanism for deformation of crystalline solids. Contrasted with other diffusional creep mechanisms, Coble creep is similar to Nabarro–Herring creep in that it is dominant at lower stress levels and higher temperatures than creep mechanisms utilizing dislocation glide. Coble creep occurs through the diffusion of atoms in a material along grain boundaries. This mechanism is observed in polycrystals or along the surface in a single crystal, which produces a net flow of material and a sliding of the grain boundaries.
Robert L. Coble first reported his theory of how materials creep across grain boundaries and at high temperatures in alumina. Here he famously noticed a different creep mechanism that was more dependent on the size of the grain.
The strain rate in a material experiencing Coble creep is given by
where
is a geometric prefactor
is the applied stress,
is the average grain diameter,
is the grain boundary width,
is the diffusion coefficient in the grain boundary,
is the vacancy formation energy,
is the activation energy for diffusion along the grain boundary
is Boltzmann's constant,
is the temperature in kelvins
is the atomic volume for the material.
Derivation
Coble creep, a diffusive mechanism, is driven by a vacancy (or mass) concentration gradient. The change in vacancy concentration from its equilibrium value is given by
This can be seen by noting that and taking a high temperature expansion |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam%20jet%20cooling | Steam jet cooling uses a high-pressure jet of steam to cool water or other fluid media. Typical uses include industrial sites, where a suitable steam supply already exists for other purposes or, historically, for air conditioning on passenger trains which use steam for heating. Steam jet cooling experienced a wave of popularity during the early 1930s for air conditioning large buildings. Steam ejector refrigeration cycles were later supplanted by systems using mechanical compressors.
Principle
Steam is passed through a vacuum ejector of high efficiency to exhaust a separate, closed vessel which forms part of a cooling water circuit. The partial vacuum in the vessel causes some of the water to evaporate, thus giving up heat through evaporative cooling. The chilled water is pumped through the circuit to air coolers, while the evaporated water from the ejector is recovered in separate condensers and returned to the cooling circuit.
Usage
The AT&SF railroad (Santa Fe) used this method, which they called "Steam Ejector Air Conditioning", on both heavyweight and lightweight passenger cars, built until the mid-1950s.
See also
Steam generator (railroad)
Steam jet ejector
Injector or Ejector
References
Steam jet refrigeration plant United States patent 4204410
Steam Ejector System The Air Conditioning system preferred by the Santa Fe, By C. M. Drennan, The Brotherhood Railway Carmen of America
Rail technologies
Passenger rail rolling stock
Heating, ventilation, and air conditi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermediate%20spiral%20galaxy | An intermediate spiral galaxy is a galaxy that is in between the classifications of a barred spiral galaxy and an unbarred spiral galaxy. It is designated as SAB in the galaxy morphological classification system devised by Gerard de Vaucouleurs. Subtypes are labeled as SAB0, SABa, SABb, or SABc, following a sequence analogous to the Hubble sequence for barred and unbarred spirals. The subtype (0, a, b, or c) is based on the relative prominence of the central bulge and how tightly wound the spiral arms are.
Examples
References
Galaxy morphological types |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unbarred%20spiral%20galaxy | An unbarred spiral galaxy is a type of spiral galaxy without a central bar, or one that is not a barred spiral galaxy. It is designated with an SA in the galaxy morphological classification scheme.
Barless spiral galaxies are one of three general types of spiral galaxies under the de Vaucouleurs system classification system, the other two being intermediate spiral galaxy and barred spiral galaxy. Under the Hubble tuning fork, it is one of two general types of spiral galaxy, the other being barred spirals.
Grades
Unbarred lenticular galaxy
An unbarred lenticular galaxy is a lenticular version of an unbarred spiral galaxy. They have the Hubble type of SA0.
An example of this is the galaxy, AM 0644-741. For other examples see :Category:Unbarred lenticular galaxies.
References
Galaxy morphological types |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban%20wild | An urban wild is a remnant of a natural ecosystem found in the midst of an otherwise highly developed urban area.
Utility
Urban wilds, particularly those of several acres or more, are often intact ecological systems that can provide essential ecosystem functions such as the filtering of urban run-off, the storing and slowing the flow of stormwater, amelioration of the warming effect of urban development, and generally benefiting local air quality.
Typically, urban wilds are home to native vegetation and animal life as well as some introduced species. Urban wilds are vital to species of migratory birds that have nested in a given area since prior to its urbanization.
Preservation
Without formal protection, urban wilds are vulnerable to development. However, achieving formal protection of a large urban wild can be difficult. Land tenure of a single ecological area can be complex, with multiple public and private entities owning adjacent properties.
Key strategies used in the preservation of urban wilds have included conservation restrictions that keep complex land tenure systems in place while protecting the entire landscape. Public/private partnerships have also been successful in protecting urban wilds.
The urban wilds prioritized by municipalities tend to be partial wetlands that perform a range of ecological services while contributing to the biological diversity of the region.
Passive parks
There is some discussion about whether natural areas that are not at an |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrous%20capsule | Fibrous capsule may refer to:
Fibrous capsule of Glisson
Fibrous membrane of articular capsule |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium%20sulfate | Strontium sulfate (SrSO4) is the sulfate salt of strontium. It is a white crystalline powder and occurs in nature as the mineral celestine. It is poorly soluble in water to the extent of 1 part in 8,800. It is more soluble in dilute HCl and nitric acid and appreciably soluble in alkali chloride solutions (e.g. sodium chloride).
Structure
Strontium sulfate is a polymeric material, isostructural with barium sulfate. Crystallized strontium sulfate is utilized by a small group of radiolarian protozoa, called the Acantharea, as a main constituent of their skeleton.
Applications and chemistry
Strontium sulfate is of interest as a naturally occurring precursor to other strontium compounds, which are more useful. In industry it is converted to the carbonate for use as ceramic precursor and the nitrate for use in pyrotechnics.
The low aqueous solubility of strontium sulfate can lead to scale formation in processes where these ions meet. For example, it can form on surfaces of equipment in underground oil wells depending on the groundwater conditions.
References
Strontium compounds
Sulfates
Pyrotechnic colorants |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addressin | Mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MADCAM1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is an endothelial cell adhesion molecule that interacts preferentially with the leukocyte beta7 integrin LPAM-1 (alpha4 / beta7), L-selectin, and VLA-4 (alpha4 / beta1) on myeloid cells to direct leukocytes into mucosal and inflamed tissues. It is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and is similar to ICAM-1 and VCAM-1.
Nomenclature
Addressin is a lesser-used term to describe the group of adhesion molecules that are involved with lymphocyte homing, commonly found at high-endothelial venules (HEVs) where lymphocytes exit the blood and enter the lymph node. Addressins are the ligands to the homing receptors of lymphocytes. The task of these ligands and their receptors is to determine which tissue the lymphocyte will enter next. They carry carbohydrates in order to be recognized by L-selectin. Addressins physically bind to mobile lymphocytes to guide them to the HEVs. Examples of molecules that are often referred to as addressins are CD34 and GlyCAM-1 on HEVs in peripheral lymph nodes, and MAdCAM-1 on endothelial cells in the intestine.
Function
In terms of migration, MAdCAM-1 is selectively expressed on mucosal endothelial cells, driving memory T-cell re-circulation through mucosal tissues. In contrast, and indeed the main difference between the two molecules, ICAM molecules are involved with naïve T-cell re-cir |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20ZIP%20Code%20prefixes | Each cell in this table contains a three-digit ZIP code prefix, the state where that ZIP code prefix is located, and the name of the United States Postal Service (USPS) Sectional Center Facility (SCF) that serves that ZIP code prefix, which may be in a different state. Each SCF may serve more than one three-digit ZIP code prefix. Each SCF serves local addresses whose five-digit ZIP codes start with the same set of prefixes.
An asterisk (*) indicates that the listed place name is the "default" place name for all addresses in the prefix, that is, that addresses for all ZIP codes beginning with that three-digit prefix will have that place name in the city portion of the address (example: 23219, 23224, and 23294 will all have "Richmond, Virginia" addresses, even if the mailing address is physically located elsewhere.).
A dagger (†) indicates that the SCF serving this prefix is in a different state.
A double dagger (‡) indicates that the prefix was not part of the original set of ZIP Codes when the system was introduced in 1963.
Starts with 0
Starts with 1
Starts with 2
Starts with 3
Starts with 4
Starts with 5
Starts with 6
Starts with 7
Starts with 8
Starts with 9
See also
List of area codes
List of U.S. state abbreviations
Notes
Originally, the surrounding offices in Puerto Rico overlapped alphabetically. 006 was assigned for A-L, and 007 was assigned for M-Z.
In the original lineup, Brockton city-proper was in its own prefix, 024. On July 1, 1998, Brockt |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20amino%20acids | Amino acids are listed by type:
Proteinogenic amino acid
Non-proteinogenic amino acids |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corn%20gluten%20meal | Corn gluten meal is the principal protein of corn (maize) endosperm consisting mainly of zein and glutelin. It is a byproduct of corn processing that has historically been used as an animal feed. Despite the name, corn gluten does not contain true gluten, which is formed by the interaction of gliadin and glutenin proteins.
Production
Corn gluten meal is one product of wet-milling corn as well as corn starch, germ oil meal, corn gluten feed, and steep liquor. Corn is steeped in water mixed with sulfur dioxide and ground to separate germ from the endosperm to extract oil. The endosperm goes through screenings to separate starch and proteins from the corn fiber or bran. The remaining starch and proteins are centrifuged to separate the starch from the corn gluten meal.
Uses
Herbicide
The use of corn gluten meal as an herbicide was patented in 1991, but, like many food-related substances used for gardening, is not regulated in the US. Corn gluten meal breaks down over time and can act as a fertilizer due to a high nitrogen content, but it should not be applied to areas where it is likely to wash directly into watersheds due to nitrogen runoff.
The effectiveness of corn gluten meal as a preemergent is not conclusive. The added nitrogen can allow turfgrass to outcompete weeds, and the meal can act as mulch to prevent weed emergence, but will not affect emerged weeds.
Animal feed
Corn gluten meal is commonly used as livestock feed containing about 65% crude protein. It can b |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Fulham%20F.C.%20records%20and%20statistics | The following article features the records and statistics of Fulham Football Club, based in Fulham, West London.
Player appearances
There are five Fulham players who have been in the club's starting line-up more than 450 times, all of whom have since retired from football:
Johnny Haynes – 658
Eddie Lowe – 511
Les Barrett – 491
Frank Penn – 459
George Cohen – 459
Current
The players with the most appearances across all competitions who are still at the club as of 2 October 2023 are:
Tim Ream – 300
Tom Cairney – 291
Bobby Decordova-Reid – 177
Harrison Reed – 154
Antonee Robinson – 116
Goalscorers
Eight players have scored 100 or more goals for the club:
Gordon Davies – 178
Johnny Haynes – 158
Bedford Jezzard – 154
Jim Hammond – 150
Graham Leggat – 134
Arthur Stevens – 124
Aleksandar Mitrović – 111
Steve Earle – 108
Current
The three most prolific goalscorers currently at the club as of 2 October 2023 are:
Tom Cairney – 43
Bobby Decordova-Reid – 26
Harry Wilson – 14
Transfers
Highest transfer fees paid
Highest transfer fees received
Player of the season
2021–22: Aleksandar Mitrović
2020–21: Alphonse Areola
2019–20: Aleksandar Mitrović
2018–19: Calum Chambers
2017–18: Tim Ream
2016–17: Tom Cairney
2015–16: Ross McCormack
2014–15: Ross McCormack
2013–14: Ashkan Dejagah
2012–13: Dimitar Berbatov
2011–12: Clint Dempsey
2010–11: Clint Dempsey
2009–10: Zoltán Gera
2008–09: Mark Schwarzer
2007–08: Simon Davies
2006–07: Brian McBride
2005–06: Brian McBride
2004–05: Luís Boa Mort |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20G.%20Wilson | Richard Gene Wilson (August 19, 1931 – October 21, 1950) was a United States Army soldier and a posthumous recipient of the U.S. military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions in the Korean War. A combat medic, Wilson was awarded the medal for attempting to rescue a wounded soldier at the Battle of Yongju.
Early years and family
Wilson was born in Marion, Illinois, on August 19, 1931, to Albert and Alice Wilson. He had three brothers, Norman, Norris Dean, and Ronald, and three sisters, Rosemary, Shirley, and Jo Anne. The family moved to Cape Girardeau, Missouri, in 1939 where he attended May Greene School followed by Central High School. He was an avid sportsman and played right guard on Central's football team. After his junior year, Wilson left high school to join the Army; he enlisted on his seventeenth birthday, August 19, 1948.
Just before leaving for Korea, on August 29, 1950, Wilson married Yvonna Lea Fowler, a Central High School classmate.
Military service
After completing basic training at Fort Knox, Kentucky, Wilson reported to Fort Sam Houston, Texas, where he was trained as a combat medic. He next attended Airborne School at Fort Benning, Georgia, graduating in May 1949. He was assigned to Fort Campbell, Kentucky, as a medic in the 11th Airborne Division.
Wilson served in Korea as a private first class with the 187th Airborne Infantry Regiment. On October 21, 1950, he was attached to Company I when the unit was ambushed while conducting |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-wave | In physics, X-waves are localized solutions of the wave equation that travel at a constant velocity in a given direction. X-waves can be sound, electromagnetic, or gravitational waves. They are built as a non-monochromatic superposition of Bessel beams. Ideal X-waves carry infinite energy, but finite-energy realizations have been observed in various frameworks. X-wave pulses can have superluminal phase and group velocity.
In optics, X-waves solution have been reported within a quantum mechanical formulation.
See also
Nonlinear X-wave
Droplet-shaped wave
References
J. Lu and J. F. Greenleaf, "Nondiffracting X waves: exact solutions to free-space scalar wave equation and their infinite realizations", IEEE Trans. Ultrasonic Ferroelectric Frequency. Control 39, 19–31 (1992).
Erasmo Recami and Michel Zamboni-Rached and Hugo E. Hernandez-Figueroa, "Localized waves: A scientific and historical introduction" arxiv.org 0708.1655v2.
Various authors in the book Localized Waves edited by Erasmo Recami, Michel Zamboni-Rached and Hugo E. Hernandez-Figueroa
External links
The Virtual Institute for Nonlinear Optics (VINO), a research collaboration devoted to the investigation of X-waves and conical waves in general
Nolinear X-waves page at the nlo.phys.uniroma1.it website.
Wave mechanics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin-like%20growth%20factor-binding%20protein | The insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP) serves as a transport protein for insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1).
Function
Approximately 98% of IGF-1 is always bound to one of six binding proteins (IGF-BP). IGFBP-3, the most abundant protein, accounts for 80% of all IGF binding. IGF-1 binds to IGFBP-3 in a 1:1 molar ratio. IGF-BP also binds to IGF-1 inside the liver, allowing growth hormone to continuously act upon the liver to produce more IGF-1.
IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) are proteins of 24 to 45 kDa. All six IGFBPs share 50% homology with each other and have binding affinities for IGF-I and IGF-II at the same order of magnitude as the ligands have for the IGF-IR.
The IGFBPs help to lengthen the half-life of circulating IGFs in all tissues, including the prostate. Individual IGFBPs may act to enhance or attenuate IGF signaling depending on their physiological context (i.e. cell type). Even with these similarities, some characteristics are different: chromosomal location, heparin binding domains, RGD recognition site, preference for binding IGF-I or IGF-II, and glycosylation and phosphorylation differences. These structural differences can have a tremendous impact on how the IGFBPs interact with cellular basement membranes.
Family members
In humans, IGFBPs are transcribed from the following seven genes:
IGFBP1
IGFBP2
IGFBP3
IGFBP4
IGFBP5
IGFBP6
IGFBP7
See also
Insulin-like growth factor receptor
References
External links
Protein domains |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MathCast | MathCast is a graphical mathematics equation editor. With this computer application, a user can create equations in mathematical notation and use them in documents or web pages. Equations can be rendered into pictures or transformed into MathML.
MathCast features a Rapid Mathline, Equation List Management, and XHTML authoring.
MathCast is a free software application distributed under the GNU General Public License.
External links
MathCast home page
Sourceforge project page
Formula editors |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%20Sides%20to%20Every%20Story | Two Sides to Every Story is the fifth studio album by American singer-songwriter Gene Clark, released in February 1977. The album was Clark's first release since his 1974 album No Other. Notable tracks include "In the Pines" (traditional), "Kansas City Southern" and "Hear the Wind", both written by Clark, and "Give My Love to Marie", a song written by James Talley that tells the story of a dying coal miner.
The album was produced by Thomas Jefferson Kaye. Guest musicians are Jeff Baxter, Emmylou Harris, Byron Berline, Al Perkins and John Hartford.
Reception
Music critic Matthew Greenwald, writing for AllMusic, said "the material is uneven, especially when Clark and the band try to rock out... But Clark's muse invariably guided him well even under awkward circumstances, and Two Sides has a number of superb moments... but if this is well short of a masterpiece, it's still clearly the work of a masterful singer and songwriter, and the best moments here are honestly magical." Hal Horowitz of American Songwriter wrote, "It's a low key yet delightfully straightforward set that even rocks out occasionally and showcases Clark's lovely understated vocals."
Reissue
In 2011 High Moon Records announced that the label would be reissuing the album. In early 2013 the label reissued a vinyl version of the album remastered by Dan Hersch and Doug Sax. The vinyl included a download card for bonus tracks. High Moon reissued the album on CD (soft independent release to fans) with extra photos |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%20738 | The IBM 738 was IBM's first core memory unit to use transistorized sense amplifier circuits. Designed in 1955 for the IBM 704, it used vacuum tubes for all other circuits, and provided a capacity of 32768 - 36-bit words. It was also used in the later IBM 709.
References
External links
A 32,000-Word Magnetic-Core Memory by E. D. Foss, R. S. Partridge
Memory 0738
738 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Jerrard | George Birch Jerrard (25 November 1804 – 23 November 1863) was a British mathematician.
He studied at Trinity College, Dublin from 1821 to 1827. His main work was on the theory of equations, where he was reluctant to accept the validity of the work of Niels Henrik Abel on the insolubility of the quintic equation by radicals. He found a way of using Tschirnhaus transformations to eliminate three of the terms in an equation, which generalised work of Erland Bring (1736–1798), and is now called Bring–Jerrard normal form.
Works
An essay on the resolution of equations, part 1, London 1858, (online).
References
External links
English mathematicians
1804 births
1863 deaths
Algebraists
19th-century British mathematicians
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic%20priority%20scheduling | Dynamic priority scheduling is a type of scheduling algorithm in which the priorities are calculated during the execution of the system. The goal of dynamic priority scheduling is to adapt to dynamically changing progress and to form an optimal configuration in a self-sustained manner. It can be very hard to produce well-defined policies to achieve the goal depending on the difficulty of a given problem.
Earliest deadline first scheduling and Least slack time scheduling are examples of Dynamic priority scheduling algorithms.
Optimal Schedulable Utilization
The idea of real-time scheduling is to confine processor utilization under schedulable utilization of a certain scheduling algorithm, which is scaled from 0 to 1. Higher schedulable utilization means higher utilization of resource and the better the algorithm. In preemptible scheduling, dynamic priority scheduling such as earliest deadline first (EDF) provides the optimal schedulable utilization of 1 in contrast to less than 0.69 with fixed priority scheduling such as rate-monotonic (RM).
In periodic real-time task model, a task's processor utilization is defined as execution time over period. Every set of periodic tasks with total processor utilization less or equal to the schedulable utilization of an algorithm can be feasibly scheduled by that algorithm. Unlike fixed priority, dynamic priority scheduling could dynamically prioritize task deadlines achieving optimal schedulable utilization in the preemptible case.
See |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propionyl-CoA | Propionyl-CoA is a coenzyme A derivative of propionic acid. It is composed of a 24 total carbon chain (without the coenzyme, it is a 3 carbon structure) and its production and metabolic fate depend on which organism it is present in. Several different pathways can lead to its production, such as through the catabolism of specific amino acids or the oxidation of odd-chain fatty acids. It later can be broken down by propionyl-CoA carboxylase or through the methylcitrate cycle. In different organisms, however, propionyl-CoA can be sequestered into controlled regions, to alleviate its potential toxicity through accumulation. Genetic deficiencies regarding the production and breakdown of propionyl-CoA also have great clinical and human significance.
Production
There are several different pathways through which propionyl-CoA can be produced:
Propionyl-CoA, a three-carbon structure, is considered to be a minor species of propionic acid. Therefore, odd-number chains of fatty acids are oxidized to yield both propionyl-CoA as well as acetyl-CoA. Propionyl-CoA is later converted into succinyl-CoA through biotin-dependant propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC) and b12-dependant methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MCM), sequentially.
Propionyl-CoA is not only produced from the oxidation of odd-chain fatty acids, but also by the oxidation of amino acids including methionine, valine, isoleucine, and threonine. Furthermore, catabolism of amino acids can also be a result of the conversion of propionyl-Co |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20phosphatase%202A | Protein phosphatase 2A may refer to:
Protein phosphatase 2, an enzyme
(myosin-light-chain) phosphatase, an enzyme |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred%20Diamond | Fred Irvin Diamond (born November 19, 1964) is a mathematician, known for his role in proving the modularity theorem for elliptic curves. His research interest is in modular forms and Galois representations.
Life
Diamond received his B.A. from the University of Michigan in 1984, and received his Ph.D. in mathematics from Princeton University in 1988 as a doctoral student of Andrew Wiles. He has held positions at Brandeis University and Rutgers University, and is currently a professor at King's College London.
Diamond is the author of several research papers, and is also a coauthor along with Jerry Shurman of A First Course in Modular Forms, in the Graduate Texts in Mathematics series published by Springer-Verlag.
References
External links
Fred Diamond's website
1964 births
Living people
Number theorists
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
Princeton University alumni
University of Michigan alumni
Ohio State University faculty
Brandeis University faculty
Academics of King's College London
Place of birth missing (living people)
Nationality missing
Fermat's Last Theorem |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IL-15 | IL-15 can refer to:
Interleukin 15, a protein important in immunology
Illinois's 15th congressional district
Illinois Route 15 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IL-20 | IL-20 or IL 20 may refer to:
Interleukin 20, a protein in humans
Illinois's 20th congressional district, an obsolete district
Illinois Route 20
Ilyushin Il-20 (1948), a prototype Soviet ground attack aircraft
Ilyushin Il-20M, a military variant of the Soviet-era Il-18 turboprop aircraft |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IL-23 | IL-23 or IL 23 can refer to:
Interleukin 23, a protein
Illinois's 23rd congressional district, an obsolete district
Illinois Route 23 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon%20H.%20Sato | Gordon Hisashi Sato (17 December 1927 – 31 March 2017) was an American cell biologist who first attained prominence for his discovery that polypeptide factors required for the culture of mammalian cells outside the body are also important regulators of differentiated cell functions and of utility in culture of new types of cells for use in research and biotechnology. For this work he was elected in 1984 to the United States National Academy of Sciences. In the mid-1980s he established the Manzanar Project aimed at attacking the planet's most critical problems as poverty, hunger, environmental pollution, and global warming through low tech biotechnological methods in salt water deserts that can be transferred to the indigenous inhabitants.
Early life
Sato was the son of an Issei (Japanese-born immigrant) father and a first generation American born Nisei mother in Los Angeles, California. His fisherman and gardener father taught him the basic concepts of how to cultivate and appreciate living things both on land and water. He was raised on Terminal Island, East San Pedro, where a substantial Japanese American community had developed prior to World War II. Since the area was the home of the Pacific fleet, the Japanese community was forced to relocate after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. After first moving into Los Angeles, in 1942 his family was forced to move to the Manzanar relocation camp for internment of Japanese Americans in the Owens Desert of California. He attended Manz |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor%20%28TNT%20album%29 | Transistor is the seventh studio album by the Norwegian hard rock band TNT. While it kept the alternative feel of Firefly, it was more successful than Firefly, with the song "Just Like God" receiving some radioplay at US College radio stations.
Track listing
"Just Like God" is not included on the Japanese edition.
Personnel
Band
Tony Harnell – vocals
Ronni Le Tekrø – guitars, backing vocals on "Free Again"
Morty Black – bass guitar, backing vocals on "Free Again"
Associated members
Dag Stokke – keyboards
Frode Lamøy – drums, percussion
Additional personnel
Embee Normann – background vocals on "Under My Pillow"
Eli Kristin Hagen – background vocals on "Into Pieces"
Album credits
Ken Ingwersen – producer, mixing
Dag Stokke – engineer
Tina Norris - cover model
Fan and media reception
The album was met with mixed reviews amongst fans and reviewers alike. It was given max score in Oppland Arbeiderblad while bigger tabloid newspapers in Norway give it a 4 out of 6. The fanbase was, like Firefly, almost split in half while one group did not like this new experimental side of TNT while the other group approached with open arms. Morty Black stated in an interview that Transistor was the natural progression from Firefly. The album is still controversial today but keeps growing on the fanbase and is now accepted as an important part of TNT history. Tony Harnell's solid effort on Transistor is widely known to be one of the strongest vocal performances he did for TNT.
Reference |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation%20derivative | In finance, inflation derivative (or inflation-indexed derivatives) refers to an over-the-counter and exchange-traded derivative that is used to transfer inflation risk from one counterparty to another. See Exotic derivatives.
Derivative
Typically, real rate swaps also come under this bracket, such as asset swaps of inflation-indexed bonds (government-issued inflation-indexed bonds, such as the Treasury Inflation Protected Securities, UK inflation-linked gilt-edged securities (ILGs), French OATeis, Italian BTPeis, German Bundeis and Japanese JGBis are prominent examples). Inflation swaps are the linear form of these derivatives. They can take a similar form to fixed versus floating interest rate swaps (which are the derivative form for fixed rate bonds), but use a real rate coupon versus floating, but also pay a redemption pickup at maturity (i.e., the derivative form of inflation-indexed bonds).
Inflation swaps are typically priced on a zero-coupon basis (ZC) (like ZCIIS for example), with payment exchanged at the end of the term. One party pays the compounded fixed rate and the other the actual inflation rate for the term. Inflation swaps can also be paid on a year-on-year basis (YOY) (like YYIIS for example) where the year-on-year rate of change of the price index is paid, typically yearly as in the case of most European YOY swaps, but also monthly for many swapped notes in the US market. Even though the coupons are paid monthly, the inflation rate used is still the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type%20I%20cytokine%20receptor | Type I cytokine receptors are transmembrane receptors expressed on the surface of cells that recognize and respond to cytokines with four α-helical strands. These receptors are also known under the name hemopoietin receptors, and share a common amino acid motif (WSXWS) in the extracellular portion adjacent to the cell membrane. Members of the type I cytokine receptor family comprise different chains, some of which are involved in ligand/cytokine interaction and others that are involved in signal transduction.
The common cytokine-binding domain is related to the Fibronectin type III domain.
Signal transduction chains
The signal transducing chains are often shared between different receptors within this receptor family.
The IL-2 receptor common gamma chain (also known as CD132) is shared between:
IL-2 receptor
IL-4 receptor
IL-7 receptor
IL-9 receptor
IL-13 receptor
IL-15 receptor
IL-21 receptor
The common beta chain (CD131 or CDw131) is shared between the following type I cytokine receptors:
GM-CSF receptor
IL-3 receptor
IL-5 receptor.
The gp130 receptor (Glycoprotein 130) (also known as gp130, IL6ST, IL6-beta or CD130) is shared between:
IL-6 receptor
IL-11 receptor
IL-12 receptor
IL-27 receptor
Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor
Oncostatin M receptor
Examples
Type I cytokine receptors include interleukin receptors, colony stimulating factor receptors and other cytokine receptors
Interleukin receptors
Interleukin-1 receptor
Interleukin-2 recept |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipopolysaccharide%20binding%20protein | Lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LBP gene.
LBP is a soluble acute-phase protein that binds to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (or LPS) to elicit immune responses by presenting the LPS to important cell surface pattern recognition receptors called CD14 and TLR4.
The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the acute-phase immunologic response to gram-negative bacterial infections. Gram-negative bacteria contain a glycolipid, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), on their outer cell wall. Together with bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (BPI), the encoded protein binds LPS and interacts with the CD14 receptor, probably playing a role in regulating LPS-dependent monocyte responses. Studies in mice suggest that the encoded protein is necessary for the rapid acute-phase response to LPS but not for the clearance of LPS from circulation. This protein is part of a family of structurally and functionally related proteins, including BPI, plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), and phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP). Finally, this gene is found on chromosome 20, immediately downstream of the BPI gene.
Clinical significance
LPS exposure induces LBP production. LBP is synthesized by the liver, adipose tissue, and intestinal cells. Dietary glucose and saturated fats acutely increase plasma LBP.
The proinflammatory activity of plasma LPS is increased by LBP, which is higher in obesity.
Plasma LBP is used as a better biomar |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor%20%28disambiguation%29 | A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals and electrical power.
Transistor may also refer to:
Music
Transistor (311 album), 1997
"Transistor" (song), the title track by the band 311 from the album Transistor
Transistor (TNT album)
"Transistor," a song by Kraftwerk from the 1975 album Radio-Activity
Twisted Transistor, a song written and recorded by the American band Korn
Transister, band
Other uses
Transistor (video game), a 2014 video game by Supergiant Games
See also
Transistor radio, a small portable radio receiver using transistor-based circuitry |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsessive%E2%80%93compulsive%20spectrum | The obsessive–compulsive spectrum is a model of medical classification where various psychiatric, neurological and/or medical conditions are described as existing on a spectrum of conditions related to obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). "The disorders are thought to lie on a spectrum from impulsive to compulsive where impulsivity is said to persist due to deficits in the ability to inhibit repetitive behavior with known negative consequences, while compulsivity persists as a consequence of deficits in recognizing completion of tasks." OCD is a mental disorder characterized by obsessions and/or compulsions. An obsession is defined as "a recurring thought, image, or urge that the individual cannot control". Compulsion can be described as a "ritualistic behavior that the person feels compelled to perform". The model suggests that many conditions overlap with OCD in symptomatic profile, demographics, family history, neurobiology, comorbidity, clinical course and response to various pharmacotherapies. Conditions described as being on the spectrum are sometimes referred to as obsessive–compulsive spectrum disorders.
Conditions
The following conditions have been hypothesized by various researchers as existing on the spectrum.
However, recently there is a growing support for proposals to narrow down this spectrum to only include body dysmorphic disorder, hypochondriasis, tic disorders, and body focused repetitive behaviors.
Body dysmorphic disorder
Body dysmorphic disorder is d |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequential%20model | The sequential model (also known as the KNF model) is a theory that describes cooperativity of protein subunits. It postulates that a protein's conformation changes with each binding of a ligand, thus sequentially changing its affinity for the ligand at neighboring binding sites. It gives one explanation for cooperative binding.
Overview
This model for allosteric regulation of enzymes suggests that the subunits of multimeric proteins have two conformational states. The binding of the ligand causes conformational change in the other subunits of the multimeric protein. Although the subunits go through conformational changes independently (as opposed to in the MWC model), the switch of one subunit makes the other subunits more likely to change, by reducing the energy needed for subsequent subunits to undergo the same conformational change. In elaboration, the binding of a ligand to one subunit changes the protein's shape, thereby making it more thermodynamically favorable for the other subunits to switch conformation to the high affinity state. Ligand binding may also result in negative cooperativity, or a reduced affinity for the ligand at the next binding site, a feature that makes the KNF model distinct from the MWC model, which suggests only positive cooperativity. It is named KNF after Koshland, Némethy and Filmer, who first suggested the model.
History
A multimeric protein's affinity for a ligand changes upon binding to a ligand, a process known as cooperativity. This p |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9%20Thomas%20%28biologist%29 | René Thomas (14 May 1928 (Ixelles) - 9 January 2017 (Rixensart) was a Belgian scientist. His research included DNA biochemistry and biophysics, genetics, mathematical biology, and finally dynamical systems. He devoted his life to the deciphering of key logical principles at the basis of the behaviour of biological systems, and more generally to the generation of complex dynamical behaviour. He was professor and laboratory head at the Université Libre de Bruxelles, and taught and inspired several generations of researchers.
Biography
René Thomas was born on 14 May 1928, in Brussels, Belgium. His parents were the poet Lucien-Paul Thomas and Marieke Vandenbergh. He was the youngest of three siblings further including Anny and André Thomas. René Thomas was the father of three children: Isabelle, Pierre and Anne. He spent his childhood in La Hulpe, Belgium. Very young, he was already fascinated by biology and published his first scientific article at the age of 13 years old. He continued his studies at the Royal Athenaeum of Ixelles (Brussels), and at the Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), where he studied chemistry.
At ULB, Thomas attended lectures by Jean Brachet, who pioneered the field of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and their role in heredity and protein synthesis. Under Brachet's supervision, Thomas prepared and defended a PhD thesis on the denaturation of DNA in 1952.
After two years of postdoctoral training in the laboratories of Harriet Ephrussi (Paris, France, 1953– |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopolistic%20competition%20in%20international%20trade | Monopolistic competition models are used under the rubric of imperfect competition in International Economics. This model is a derivative of the monopolistic competition model that is part of basic economics. Here it is tailored to international trade.
Setting up the model
Monopolies are not often found in practice. The more usual market format is oligopoly: several firms, each of which are large enough so that a change in their price will affect the price of the other firms, except for firms with monopolies. When looking at oligopolies the problem of interdependence arises. Interdependence means that the firms will, when setting their prices, consider the effect this price will have on the actions of both consumers and competitors. For their part, the competitors will consider their expectations of the firm's response to any action they may take in return. Thus, there is a complex game with each side "trying to second guess each others' strategies." The Monopolistic Competition model is used because its simplicity allows the examination of one type of oligopoly while avoiding the issue of interdependence.
Benefits of the model
The appeal of this model is not its closeness to the real world but its simplicity. What this model accomplishes most is that it shows us the benefits to trade presented by economies of scale.
Assumptions of the model
1. Each firm is presumed to be able differentiate its product from that of its rivals. Cars are a good example here; they are very di |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girvan%E2%80%93Newman%20algorithm | The Girvan–Newman algorithm (named after Michelle Girvan and Mark Newman) is a hierarchical method used to detect communities in complex systems.
Edge betweenness and community structure
The Girvan–Newman algorithm detects communities by progressively removing edges from the original network. The connected components of the remaining network are the communities. Instead of trying to construct a measure that tells us which edges are the most central to communities, the Girvan–Newman algorithm focuses on edges that are most likely "between" communities.
Vertex betweenness is an indicator of highly central nodes in networks. For any node , vertex betweenness is defined as the fraction of shortest paths between pairs of nodes that run through it. It is relevant to models where the network modulates transfer of goods between known start and end points, under the assumption that such transfer seeks the shortest available route.
The Girvan–Newman algorithm extends this definition to the case of edges, defining the "edge betweenness" of an edge as the number of shortest paths between pairs of nodes that run along it. If there is more than one shortest path between a pair of nodes, each path is assigned equal weight such that the total weight of all of the paths is equal to unity. If a network contains communities or groups that are only loosely connected by a few inter-group edges, then all shortest paths between different communities must go along one of these few edges. Thus, t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WUPT-CA | WUPT-CA (analog channel 25) was a low-power, Class A television station licensed to Crystal Falls, Michigan, United States, which served the western Upper Peninsula of Michigan as an affiliate of UPN. The station was owned by Western Upper Peninsula Television.
WUPT-CA also had a translator in Republic with the callsign WUPT-LP, broadcasting on analog channel 43.
History
The station was founded on January 18, 1980, and began broadcasting on December 10 of that same year. It granted Class A status on March 8, 2001, and moved to channel 25 in October of that year. The station became a UPN affiliate when the network launched on January 16, 1995. The station removed UPN programming in January 2000, while carrying the Outdoor Channel until March 1 when it switched to AIN. UPN programming returned to the station in January 2001, while later switching to America One in September of that year.
When WUPT moved its UPN affiliation to Fox affiliate WMQF (as a secondary affiliation) on May 9, 2003, it switched to UATV and signed off in July. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) canceled the station's license on October 27, 2003.
External links
Screengrabs from the late WUPT
Michiguide: WUPT
UPT-CA
Defunct television stations in the United States
UPT-CA
Television channels and stations established in 1980
1980 establishments in Michigan
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2003
2003 disestablishments in Michigan |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interrupted%20gene | An interrupted gene (also called a split gene) is a gene that contains expressed regions of DNA called exons, split with unexpressed regions called introns (also called intervening regions). Exons provide instructions for coding proteins, which create mRNA necessary for the synthesis of proteins. Introns are removed by recognition of the donor site (5' end) and the splice acceptor site (3' end). The architecture of the interrupted gene allows for the process of alternative splicing, where various mRNA products can be produced from a single gene. The function of introns are still not fully understood and are called noncoding or junk DNA.
Discovery
Interrupted genes were independently discovered by Richard J. Roberts and Phillip A. Sharp in 1977, for which they shared the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Their discovery implied the existence of then-unknown machinery for splicing out introns and assembling genes; namely, the spliceosome. Unlike prokaryotic genomes, eukaryotic genomes were largely complex and inconsistent. It was soon accepted that 94% of human genes are interrupted, and 50% of hereditary diseases are involved in splicing intron errors out of interrupted genes. The best known example of a disease caused by a splicing error is Beta-thalassemia, in which extra intronic material is erroneously spliced into the gene for making hemoglobin.
Prokaryotes
Unlike eukaryotes, prokaryotes have a less complex genome. The structure of prokaryotic genomes contai |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type%20II%20cytokine%20receptor | Type II cytokine receptors, also commonly known as class II cytokine receptors, are transmembrane proteins that are expressed on the surface of certain cells. They bind and respond to a select group of cytokines including interferon type I, interferon type II, interferon type III. and members of the interleukin-10 family These receptors are characterized by the lack of a WSXWS motif which differentiates them from type I cytokine receptors.
Structure
Typically type II cytokine receptors are heterodimers or multimers with a high and a low affinity component. These receptors are related predominantly by sequence similarities in their extracellular portions that are composed of tandem Ig-like domains. The structures for the extracellular domains of the receptors for interferon types, I, II, and III are all known.
Type II cytokine receptors are tyrosine-kinase-linked receptors. The intracellular domain of type II cytokine receptors is typically associated with a tyrosine kinase belonging to the Janus kinase (JAK family). Binding of the receptor typically leads to activation of the canonical JAK/STAT signaling pathway.
Types
Type II cytokine receptors include those that bind interferons and those that bind members of the interleukin-10 family (interleukin-10, interleukin-20, interleukin-22, and interleukin-28). Expression of specific receptor varieties is highly variable across tissue types with some receptors being ubiquitously expressed and some receptors only expressed in s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20home%20sales | New home sales is an economic indicator which records sales of newly constructed residences in the United States of America.
The United States Census Bureau publishes new home sales statistics monthly on their website. Statistics are reported as unadjusted monthly rates and seasonally adjusted annual rates.
Economic significance
Because new home sales trigger consumption, they have significant market impact upon release. New home sales also serve as a good indicator of economic turning points due to its consumer income sensitivity. Generally, when economic conditions slow down, new home sales serves as an early indicator of such a depression.
Limitations
Several cautions apply when interpreting new home sales statistics:
Statistics exclude any new houses that were not built for immediate sale. For example, in the situation where a purchaser commissions a builder to build a house on a lot that the purchaser already owns, this housing unit would not be included in the statistics. Other construction statistics, such as Permits, starts and completions, do include virtually all new residential construction.
Sales are reported as of the month that a customer signs a sales contract or the builder accepts a deposit. The house can be in any stage of construction.
Sales are not reduced to account for sales contracts which are subsequently cancelled by the customer or the builder. However, in those situations where a cancellation occurs, the house is not re-counted upon a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon%20model | In applied probability theory, the Simon model is a class of stochastic models that results in a power-law distribution function. It was proposed by Herbert A. Simon to account for the wide range of empirical distributions following a power-law. It models the dynamics of a system of elements with associated counters (e.g., words and their frequencies in texts, or nodes in a network and their connectivity ). In this model the dynamics of the system is based on constant growth via addition of new elements (new instances of words) as well as incrementing the counters (new occurrences of a word) at a rate proportional to their current values.
Description
To model this type of network growth as described above, Bornholdt and Ebel considered a network with nodes, and each node with connectivities , . These nodes
form classes of nodes with identical connectivity .
Repeat the following steps:
(i) With probability add a new node and attach a link to it from an arbitrarily chosen node.
(ii) With probability add one link from an arbitrary node to a node of class chosen with a probability proportional to .
For this stochastic process, Simon found a stationary solution exhibiting power-law scaling, , with exponent
Properties
(i) Barabási-Albert (BA) model can be mapped to the subclass of Simon's model, when using the simpler probability for a node being
connected to another node with connectivity (same as the preferential attachment at BA model). In other words, the Sim |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ain%27t%20It%20Fun%20%28Dead%20Boys%20song%29 | "Ain't It Fun" is a song written by Peter Laughner and Gene O'Connor (known as Cheetah Chrome) and performed by their protopunk band Rocket from the Tombs. The song was first released by O'Connor's later group, Dead Boys, on their 1978 second studio album We Have Come for Your Children. Laughner died a year before.
Lyrics
"Ain't It Fun" is notable for being one of the first commercially-released recordings of song lyrics containing the profanity cunt, which is said once in the song's third verse. The word's presence was not picked up on by the media at the time, with the same being the case following the release of Guns N' Roses' 1993 cover, which reached the top 10 in several countries' singles charts despite being uncensored.
Guns N' Roses version
The song was covered by American rock band Guns N' Roses for their 1993 cover album "The Spaghetti Incident?". It was also released as a single and included on the Guns N' Roses Greatest Hits compilation in 2004. Michael Monroe from Hanoi Rocks featured on vocals. GNR guitarist Slash observed that Monroe "was just excited about having it come out, because it was a cool song, and it was sort of a memorial for Stiv Bators".
Charts
Other covers
When Rocket from the Tombs reunited in 2003, they recorded the song and released it on their debut album, Rocket Redux. Rollins Band also covered the song for their album A Nicer Shade of Red. The Lords of Altamont covered the song on their 2011 album Midnight to 666.
Notes
Sources
Ch |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSID | CSID may refer to:
Called Subscriber Identification, for fax machines
Congenital Sucrase-Isomaltase Deficiency
Carbon starvation induced gene (csiD), see gab operon |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean%20absolute%20error | In statistics, mean absolute error (MAE) is a measure of errors between paired observations expressing the same phenomenon. Examples of Y versus X include comparisons of predicted versus observed, subsequent time versus initial time, and one technique of measurement versus an alternative technique of measurement. MAE is calculated as the sum of absolute errors divided by the sample size:It is thus an arithmetic average of the absolute errors , where is the prediction and the true value. Alternative formulations may include relative frequencies as weight factors. The mean absolute error uses the same scale as the data being measured. This is known as a scale-dependent accuracy measure and therefore cannot be used to make comparisons between predicted values that use different scales. The mean absolute error is a common measure of forecast error in time series analysis, sometimes used in confusion with the more standard definition of mean absolute deviation. The same confusion exists more generally.
Quantity disagreement and allocation disagreement
In remote sensing the MAE is sometimes expressed as the sum of two components: quantity disagreement and allocation disagreement. Quantity disagreement is the absolute value of the mean error:Allocation disagreement is MAE minus quantity disagreement.
It is also possible to identify the types of difference by looking at an plot. Quantity difference exists when the average of the X values does not equal the average of the Y valu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycoprotein%20130 | Glycoprotein 130 (also known as gp130, IL6ST, IL6R-beta or CD130) is a transmembrane protein which is the founding member of the class of tall cytokine receptors. It forms one subunit of the type I cytokine receptor within the IL-6 receptor family. It is often referred to as the common gp130 subunit, and is important for signal transduction following cytokine engagement. As with other type I cytokine receptors, gp130 possesses a WSXWS amino acid motif that ensures correct protein folding and ligand binding. It interacts with Janus kinases to elicit an intracellular signal following receptor interaction with its ligand. Structurally, gp130 is composed of five fibronectin type-III domains and one immunoglobulin-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain in its extracellular portion.
Characteristics
The members of the IL-6 receptor family all complex with gp130 for signal transduction. For example, IL-6 binds to the IL-6 Receptor. The complex of these two proteins then associates with gp130. This complex of 3 proteins then homodimerizes to form a hexameric complex which can produce downstream signals. There are many other proteins which associate with gp130, such as cardiotrophin 1 (CT-1), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), oncostatin M (OSM), and IL-11. There are also several other proteins which have structural similarity to gp130 and contain the WSXWS motif and preserved cysteine residues. Members of this group include LIF-R, OSM-R, and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoyl-CoA%20hydratase | Enoyl-CoA hydratase (ECH) or crotonase is an enzyme that hydrates the double bond between the second and third carbons on 2-trans/cis-enoyl-CoA:
ECH is essential to metabolizing fatty acids in beta oxidation to produce both acetyl CoA and energy in the form of ATP.
ECH of rats is a hexameric protein (this trait is not universal, but human enzyme is also hexameric), which leads to the efficiency of this enzyme as it has 6 active sites. This enzyme has been discovered to be highly efficient, and allows people to metabolize fatty acids into energy very quickly. In fact this enzyme is so efficient that the rate for short chain fatty acids is equivalent to that of diffusion-controlled reactions.
Metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
ECH catalyzes the second step (hydratation) in the breakdown of fatty acids (β-oxidation). Fatty acid metabolism is how human bodies turn fats into energy. Fats in foods are generally in the form of triglycerols. These must be broken down in order for the fats to pass into human bodies. When that happens, three fatty acids are released.
Leucine metabolism
Mechanism
ECH is used in β-oxidation to add a hydroxyl group and a proton to the unsaturated β-carbon on a fatty-acyl CoA. ECH functions by providing two glutamate residues as catalytic acid and base. The two amino acids hold a water molecule in place, allowing it to attack in a syn addition to an α-β unsaturated acyl-CoA at the β-carbon. The α-carbon then grabs another proton, which completes the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20fluid%20mechanics%20journals | This is a list of scientific journals related to the field of fluid mechanics.
See also
List of scientific journals
List of physics journals
List of materials science journals
Fluid mechanics
Fluid mechanics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving%20shock | In fluid dynamics, a moving shock is a shock wave that is travelling through a fluid (often gaseous) medium with a velocity relative to the velocity of the fluid already making up the medium. As such, the normal shock relations require modification to calculate the properties before and after the moving shock. A knowledge of moving shocks is important for studying the phenomena surrounding detonation, among other applications.
Theory
To derive the theoretical equations for a moving shock, one may start by denoting the region in front of the shock as subscript 1, with the subscript 2 defining the region behind the shock. This is shown in the figure, with the shock wave propagating to the right.
The velocity of the gas is denoted by u, pressure by p, and the local speed of sound by a.
The speed of the shock wave relative to the gas is W, making the total velocity equal to u1 + W.
Next, suppose a reference frame is then fixed to the shock so it appears stationary as the gas in regions 1 and 2 move with a velocity relative to it. Redefining region 1 as x and region 2 as y leads to the following shock-relative velocities:
With these shock-relative velocities, the properties of the regions before and after the shock can be defined below introducing the temperature as T, the density as ρ, and the Mach number as M:
Introducing the heat capacity ratio as γ, the speed of sound, density, and pressure ratios can be derived:
One must keep in mind that the above equations are |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gate%20dielectric | A gate dielectric is a dielectric used between the gate and substrate of a field-effect transistor (such as a MOSFET). In state-of-the-art processes, the gate dielectric is subject to many constraints, including:
Electrically clean interface to the substrate (low density of quantum states for electrons)
High capacitance, to increase the FET transconductance
High thickness, to avoid dielectric breakdown and leakage by quantum tunneling.
The capacitance and thickness constraints are almost directly opposed to each other. For silicon-substrate FETs, the gate dielectric is almost always silicon dioxide (called "gate oxide"), since thermal oxide has a very clean interface. However, the semiconductor industry is interested in finding alternative materials with higher dielectric constants, which would allow higher capacitance with the same thickness.
History
The earliest gate dielectric used in a field-effect transistor was silicon dioxide (SiO2). The silicon and silicondioxide surface passivation process was developed by Egyptian engineer Mohamed M. Atalla at Bell Labs during the late 1950s, and then used in the first MOSFETs (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors). Silicon dioxide remains the standard gate dielectric in MOSFET technology.
See also
QBD (electronics)
References
Dielectrics
Semiconductor structures
Arab inventions
Egyptian inventions
Field-effect transistors
MOSFETs |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchid%20Cellmark | Orchid Cellmark Ltd is a UK based DNA and forensic testing company with a history of UK and US ownership.
Cellmark was established in 1987 by ICI having licensed the DNA Fingerprinting technology developed Alec Jeffreys at the University of Leicester and received a Queen's Award for Technological Achievement in 1990. The company was established to develop and provide specialist DNA testing services and now delivers a range of accredited DNA and forensic services for relationship testing and criminal investigation. Cellmark was the first private paternity testing company in the UK and participated in the consultation process which led to the establishment of the Department of Health's voluntary code of practice on genetic paternity testing in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. The company undertakes DNA paternity testing on behalf of the CSA and provides accredited DNA relationship testing to support immigration and Visa applications.
When ICI demerged in 1993, Cellmark became part of Zeneca and then part of AstraZeneca in 1998. Cellmark was acquired by Orchid BioSciences Inc in 2001. Based in Princeton, New Jersey Orchid BioSciences Inc subsequently changed its name to Orchid Cellmark Inc and operated DNA laboratories in Germantown, Dallas and Nashville, Tennessee. Cellmark was registered in the UK as Orchid Cellmark Ltd in 2005.
In December 2011, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (LabCorp) completed the acquisition of Orchid Cellmark Inc. In 2015 the company |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanover%20High%20School%20%28Pennsylvania%29 | Hanover Senior High School is located at 401 Moul Ave, Hanover, Pennsylvania. It is part of the Hanover Public School District. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, in 2018–2019, the school reported an enrollment of 481 pupils in grades 9th through 12th. The school employed 35.56 full-time-equivalent teachers, yielding a student–teacher ratio of 13.53:1.The school's colors are orange and black, and the mascot is the Nighthawk.
Extracurriculars
The high school's students have access to a variety of clubs, activities and an extensive sports program.
Sports
The District funds:
Boys
Baseball - AA
Basketball- AA
Football - AA
Golf - AA
Soccer - A
Tennis - AA
Track and Field - AA
Wrestling - AA
Girls
Basketball - AA
Field Hockey - AA
Soccer (Fall) - A
Softball - AA
Girls' Tennis - AA
Track and Field - AA
Volleyball - AA
Middle School Sports
Boys
Basketball
Cross Country
Football
Soccer
Track and Field
Wrestling
Girls
Basketball
Cross Country
Field Hockey
Soccer
Track and Field
Volleyball
References
Public high schools in Pennsylvania
Hanover, Pennsylvania
Schools in York County, Pennsylvania |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirefly | Wirefly is a cell phone plans and smartphone comparison website. Before being relaunched in May 2014, Wirefly was an online retailer of wireless services and devices operated by parent company Simplexity. Wirefly was headquartered in Reston, Virginia and maintained technology and operations centers in Largo, Maryland. Wirefly also operated a YouTube channel, which provides video reviews and comparisons of hot products.
History
Simplexity assumed control of Wirefly.com in November 2007, after purchasing the assets of InPhonic in 2006. Inphonic had filed a voluntary petition for reorganization under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. The filings were made in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware, and NASDAQ later delisted the company's stock. Many of Inphonic's assets, including its electronic commerce operations and its Wirefly.com website, were subsequently sold to private investors who used those assets to launch the company Simplexity in January 2008. On March 12, 2014, Wirefly closed down, and is in Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Wirefly was relaunched in May 2014.
As of April 2014, the Simplexity assets (excluding the Wirefly.com domain name) have been approved for sale to Wal-Mart for approximately US$10 million.
Reception
Wirefly has received a number of Internet awards, including Forbes magazine's "Best of the Web" for 2004 and Keynote Systems' "Best In Overall Customer Experience" in 2005.
Wirefly's video reviews and comparisons of hot products on |
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