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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga%20programming%20languages
This article deals with programming languages used in the Amiga line of computers, running the AmigaOS operating system and its derivatives AROS and MorphOS. It is a split of the main article Amiga software. See also related articles Amiga productivity software, Amiga music software, Amiga Internet and communications s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurdle%20technology
Hurdle technology is a method of ensuring that pathogens in food products can be eliminated or controlled. This means the food products will be safe for consumption, and their shelf life will be extended. Hurdle technology usually works by combining more than one approach. These approaches can be thought of as "hurdles...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk%20Race%20%28video%20game%29
Milk Race is a racing game released in 1987 for the ZX Spectrum, Commodore 64, Atari 8-bit family, MSX, and Amstrad CPC. It was developed by Phil Berry, Stuart Ruecroft, and composer David Whittaker for Icon Design. Gameplay Based around the internationally acclaimed event in world cycle race The Milk Race (now known...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pension%20regulation
Pension regulation is a legal term encompassing, the set of laws, rules and authoritative standards governing the pension industry, and the procedures needed to enforce them. Pension regulation varies widely from one jurisdiction to another - notably due to the persistence of discrepancies in the degree of autonomy an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longevity%20risk
A longevity risk is any potential risk attached to the increasing life expectancy of pensioners and policy holders, which can eventually result in higher pay-out ratios than expected for many pension funds and insurance companies. One important risk to individuals who are spending down savings is that they will live l...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double%20limit%20theorem
In hyperbolic geometry, Thurston's double limit theorem gives condition for a sequence of quasi-Fuchsian groups to have a convergent subsequence. It was introduced in and is a major step in Thurston's proof of the hyperbolization theorem for the case of manifolds that fiber over the circle. Statement By Bers's theor...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plancherel%20measure
In mathematics, Plancherel measure is a measure defined on the set of irreducible unitary representations of a locally compact group , that describes how the regular representation breaks up into irreducible unitary representations. In some cases the term Plancherel measure is applied specifically in the context of the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easily%20Ltd
Easily Ltd was once one of the UK’s largest domain name and webhosting companies. History Easily Ltd was founded in September 1999 as Easywebnames by Steve Procter In 2004, Easily Ltd was acquired by London-listed Group NBT plc, Europe’s leading specialist domain name management company and one of the UK’s largest pr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frictional%20contact%20mechanics
Contact mechanics is the study of the deformation of solids that touch each other at one or more points. This can be divided into compressive and adhesive forces in the direction perpendicular to the interface, and frictional forces in the tangential direction. Frictional contact mechanics is the study of the deformati...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaf%20Bibliography
Deaf Bibliography is a searchable online bibliographic database to works in deaf studies published by Karen Nakamura since 1995. The database can be queried using quick search, Boolean, and faceted search options. Items included are monographs, chapters in edited volumes, journal articles, and pamphlets. It covers all ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willie%20Riley
William Riley (23 April 1866 – 4 June 1961) was an English novelist. He was born in Laisterdyke, Bradford. He wrote 39 books using the name W. Riley, mostly fiction and mostly published by Herbert Jenkins Ltd. After an education at Bradford Grammar School he entered his father's business in textiles, but two years lat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transposon%20tagging
In genetic engineering, transposon tagging is a process where transposons (transposable elements) are amplified inside a biological cell by a tagging technique. Transposon tagging has been used with several species to isolate genes. Even without knowing the nature of the specific genes, the process can still be used. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criss-cross%20algorithm
In mathematical optimization, the criss-cross algorithm is any of a family of algorithms for linear programming. Variants of the criss-cross algorithm also solve more general problems with linear inequality constraints and nonlinear objective functions; there are criss-cross algorithms for linear-fractional programming...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duffin%E2%80%93Schaeffer%20theorem
The Duffin–Schaeffer theorem is a theorem in mathematics, specifically, the Diophantine approximation proposed by R. J. Duffin and A. C. Schaeffer in 1941. It states that if is a real-valued function taking on positive values, then for almost all (with respect to Lebesgue measure), the inequality has infinitely ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simultaneous%20uniformization%20theorem
In mathematics, the simultaneous uniformization theorem, proved by , states that it is possible to simultaneously uniformize two different Riemann surfaces of the same genus using a quasi-Fuchsian group of the first kind. The quasi-Fuchsian group is essentially uniquely determined by the two Riemann surfaces, so the s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AOL%20Hometown
AOL Hometown was a web hosting service offered by AOL. It offered 12 megabytes of server space for AOL subscribers to publish their own websites, and included a 10-step form-driven page creator called 1-2-3 Publish and a WYSIWYG online website builder called Easy Designer, neither of which required knowledge of HTML (A...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation%20material%20science
Radiation materials science is a subfield of materials science which studies the interaction of radiation with matter: a broad subject covering many forms of irradiation and of matter. Main aim of radiation material science Some of the most profound effects of irradiation on materials occur in the core of nuclear pow...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasenna
Kasenna was a video on demand company based in California that was spun off of Silicon Graphics in 2000. It was acquired by Espial in 2008. Products MediaBase: Video On Demand and NPVR server vFusion: manage clusters of MediaBase video servers, and content distribution LivingRoom: IPTV middleware CWM: CDN server,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrastra
An arrastra (or arastra) is a primitive mill for grinding and pulverizing (typically) gold or silver ore. Its simplest form is two or more flat-bottomed drag stones placed in a circular pit paved with flat stones, and connected to a center post by a long arm. With a horse, mule or human providing power at the other end...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovenian%20National%20Corpus
Slovenian National Corpus FidaPLUS is the 621 million words (tokens) corpus of the Slovenian language, gathered from selected texts written in Slovenian of different genres and styles, mainly from books and newspapers. The FidaPLUS database is an upgrade of the older (FIDA) corpus, which was developed between 1997 an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA%20Automation
RNA Automation, a member of Rhein-Nadel Automation, was established in Birmingham UK, in 1986, and has progressed into becoming the major supplier of parts handling equipment in the UK. The company operates in the area of specialized Automation engineering, providing automatic parts handling equipment for high volume p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AQUAL
AQUAL is a theory of gravity based on Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND), but using a Lagrangian. It was developed by Jacob Bekenstein and Mordehai Milgrom in their 1984 paper, "Does the missing mass problem signal the breakdown of Newtonian gravity?". "AQUAL" stands for "A QUAdratic Lagrangian". The gravitational for...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tactical%20diameter
The tactical diameter of a ship is the distance: travelled on sea surface during a turning circle test with maximum rudder angle by the center of gravity of a ship taken perpendicular to the initial track followed at approach speed when the heading has changed by 180° The ratio of the tactical diameter divided b...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Completeness%20%28logic%29
In mathematical logic and metalogic, a formal system is called complete with respect to a particular property if every formula having the property can be derived using that system, i.e. is one of its theorems; otherwise the system is said to be incomplete. The term "complete" is also used without qualification, with di...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elasticity%20%28data%20store%29
The elasticity of a data store relates to the flexibility of its data model and clustering capabilities. The greater the number of data model changes that can be tolerated, and the more easily the clustering can be managed, the more elastic the data store is considered to be. Types Clustering elasticity Clustering el...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9%20Carlos%20Pedro
José Carlos Pedro is a researcher and scientist in the areas of wireless communication and microwave engineering. He has been awarded for his contributions several times. In 2007, he became a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, for his outstanding contributions to distortion analysis. He is...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point%20Cloud%20Library
The Point Cloud Library (PCL) is an open-source library of algorithms for point cloud processing tasks and 3D geometry processing, such as occur in three-dimensional computer vision. The library contains algorithms for filtering, feature estimation, surface reconstruction, 3D registration, model fitting, object recogni...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim%20Ryan%20%28engineer%29
Tim Ryan is an American engineer, inventor and entrepreneur who is best known for founding Midiman (later renamed M-Audio). As of 2004 he works with Avid Technology. Early career Ryan grew up the son of a concert pianist and developed a love of music from an early age, but he did not become a musician himself. While w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel%27s%20Quantum%20Kitchen
Marcel's Quantum Kitchen is an American television program broadcast by the Syfy channel. The first episode premiered on March 22, 2011 at 10 pm EST. The series follows Marcel Vigneron of Top Chef fame in his new molecular gastronomy catering company, where each episode features the development of unique dishes for a c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntrepid
Ntrepid is an American software, hardware, and cyber security company, registered in Florida and based in Herndon, Virginia. History In 2008, the Anonymizer company was acquired by the Abraxas Corporation, which was purchased by Cubic in 2010 for $124 million. Some of Abraxas' former employees left to form Ntrepid tha...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentoo
Pentoo is a Live CD and Live USB designed for penetration testing and security assessment. Based on Gentoo Linux, Pentoo is provided both as 32 and 64-bit installable live CD. Pentoo is also available as an overlay for an existing Gentoo installation. It features packet injection patched Wi-Fi drivers, GPGPU cracking s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whole%20Building%20Design%20Guide
The Whole Building Design Guide or WBDG is guidance in the United States, described by the Federal Energy Management Program as "a complete internet resource to a wide range of building-related design guidance, criteria and technology", and meets the requirements in guidance documents for Executive Order 13123. The WB...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google%20Apps%20Script
Google Apps Script is a scripting platform developed by Google for light-weight application development in the Google Workspace platform. Google Apps Script was initially developed by Mike Harm as a side project while working as a developer on Google Sheets. Google Apps Script was first publicly announced in May 2009 w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonic%20soot%20blowers
Sonic soot blowers offer a cost-effective and non-destructive means of preventing ash and particulate build-up within the power generation industry. They use high energy – low frequency sound waves that provide 360° particulate de-bonding and at a speed in excess of 344 metres per second. Because they employ non-destru...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host%20Based%20Security%20System
Host Based Security System (HBSS) is the official name given to the United States Department of Defense (DOD) commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) suite of software applications used within the DOD to monitor, detect, and defend the DOD computer networks and systems. The Enterprise-wide Information Assurance and computer N...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DioneOS
DioneOS (pronounced /djoneos/) is a multitasking preemptive, real-time operating system (RTOS). The system is designed for microcontrollers, originally released on 2 February 2011 for the Texas Instruments TI MSP430x, and then on 29 March 2013 for the ARM Cortex-M3. Target microcontroller platforms have limited resourc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetTutor
NetTutor is a Web-based online tutoring service, founded in 1995, in Tampa, Florida. All NetTutor operations are conducted at LSI’s main office in Tampa, Florida. History Link-Systems International was launched in 1995 with the goal of making academic resources available on the Web. The company was incorporated in th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahn%20TV
Bahn TV (Rail TV) was a television channel owned by Deutsche Bahn, the German state-owned railway company. It started broadcasting in 2001 and closed on 31 December 2010. From February to 31 December 2010 the channel was called DB Bewegtbild (DB Moving Image). History The channel launched in January 2001 as a channel ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemetech
Cemetech is a programming and hardware development group and developer community founded in 2000. Its primary software focus is calculator programming for TI and Casio graphing calculators, and its primary hardware focus is on mobile and wearable computing hardware. Among its most notable projects are the Doors CS s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiduccia%E2%80%93Mattheyses%20algorithm
A classical approach to solve the Hypergraph bipartitioning problem is an iterative heuristic by Charles Fiduccia and Robert Mattheyses. This heuristic is commonly called the FM algorithm. Introduction FM algorithm is a linear time heuristic for improving network partitions. New features to K-L heuristic: Aims at re...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richacls
Richacls is a Linux implementation of the NFSv4 ACLs which has been extended by file masks to more easily fit the proprietary POSIX draft file permission model. Nowadays, they offer the most complex permission model for ext4 file system in Linux. They are even more complex than POSIX draft ACLs, which means it is not p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belden%20Incorporated
Belden Incorporated is an American manufacturer of networking, connectivity, and cable products. The company designs, manufactures, and markets signal transmission products for demanding applications. These products serve the industrial automation, enterprise, security, transportation, infrastructure, and residential ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuterin
Reuterin (3-hydroxypropionaldehyde) is the organic compound with the formula HOCH2CH2CHO. It is a bifunctional molecule, containing both a hydroxy and aldehyde functional groups. The name reuterin is derived from Lactobacillus reuteri, which produces the compound biosynthetically from glycerol as a broad-spectrum ant...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifeyo
LIFEYO is a website hosting company founded in Newport Beach, CA. Lifeyo allows users to make websites without using HTML or managing a hosting account. Lifeyo competes with other website builders such as Yola, Jimdo, Webs, Weebly, and Wix. Features Lifeyo offers templates that allow users to get started building th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sliding%20criterion%20%28geotechnical%20engineering%29
The sliding criterion (discontinuity) is a tool to estimate easily the shear strength properties of a discontinuity in a rock mass based on visual and tactile (i.e. by feeling) characterization of the discontinuity. The shear strength of a discontinuity is important in, for example, tunnel, foundation, or slope enginee...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowWow
PowWow (Power Optimized Hardware and Software FrameWork for Wireless Motes) is a wireless sensor network (WSN) mote developed by the Cairn team of IRISA/INRIA. The platform is currently based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard radio transceiver and on an MSP430 microprocessor. Unlike other available mote systems, PowWow offers...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20largest%20seeds
The largest seed in the world is the coco de mer, the seed of a palm tree. It can reach about long, and weigh up to . The coco de mer, which produces a giant, dark brown seed, has been protected by the government of the Seychelles because of its rarity – the tree can grow up to tall, with leaves measuring long and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rad%C3%B3%27s%20theorem%20%28Riemann%20surfaces%29
In mathematical complex analysis, Radó's theorem, proved by , states that every connected Riemann surface is second-countable (has a countable base for its topology). The Prüfer surface is an example of a surface with no countable base for the topology, so cannot have the structure of a Riemann surface. The obvious a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guided%20tour%20puzzle%20protocol
Guided tour puzzle (GTP) protocol is a cryptographic protocol for mitigating application layer denial of service attacks. It aims to overcome the shortcoming of computation-based puzzle protocols, in which clients are required to compute hard CPU or memory-bound puzzles that favor clients with abundant computational re...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACE%20Encrypt
ACE (advanced cryptographic engine) is the collection of units, implementing both a public key encryption scheme and a digital signature scheme. Corresponding names for these schemes — «ACE Encrypt» and «ACE Sign». Schemes are based on Cramer-Shoup public key encryption scheme and Cramer-Shoup signature scheme. Introdu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsh%20Engineering%20Company
The Marsh Engineering Company was a company that designed many significant bridges in the United States, including a number that survive and are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was located at 206 Masonic Temple in Des Moines, Iowa. The firm's principal engineer was James Barney Marsh (1856–1936...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selberg%27s%20zeta%20function%20conjecture
In mathematics, the Selberg conjecture, named after Atle Selberg, is a theorem about the density of zeros of the Riemann zeta function ζ(1/2 + it). It is known that the function has infinitely many zeroes on this line in the complex plane: the point at issue is how densely they are clustered. Results on this can be for...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%20case
In logic, especially as applied in mathematics, concept is a special case or specialization of concept precisely if every instance of is also an instance of but not vice versa, or equivalently, if is a generalization of . A limiting case is a type of special case which is arrived at by taking some aspect of the co...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid%20%28biology%29
In biology, a hybrid is the offspring resulting from combining the qualities of two organisms of different varieties, species or genera through sexual reproduction. Generally, it means that each cell has genetic material from two different organisms, whereas an individual where some cells are derived from a different o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid%20balance
In telecommunications, a hybrid balance is an expression of the degree of electrical symmetry between two impedances connected to two conjugate sides of a hybrid coil or resistance hybrid. It is usually expressed in dB. If the respective impedances of the branches of the hybrid that are connected to the conjugate sid...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxyl%20ion%20absorption
Hydroxyl ion absorption is the absorption in optical fibers of electromagnetic radiation, including the near-infrared, due to the presence of trapped hydroxyl ions remaining from water as a contaminant. The hydroxyl (OH−) ion, can penetrate glass during or after product fabrication, resulting in significant attenuati...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Improved-definition%20television
Improved-definition television (IDTV) or enhanced-quality television transmitters and receivers exceed the performance requirements of the NTSC standard, while remaining within the general parameters of NTSC emissions standards. IDTV improvements may be made at the television transmitter or receiver. Improvements inc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive%20coupling
In electrical engineering, two conductors are said to be inductively coupled or magnetically coupled when they are configured in a way such that change in current through one wire induces a voltage across the ends of the other wire through electromagnetic induction. A changing current through the first wire creates a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion%20gain
In telecommunication, insertion gain is the gain resulting from the insertion of a device in a transmission line, expressed as the ratio of the signal power delivered to that part of the line following the device to the signal power delivered to that same part before insertion. Gains less than unity indicate insertion ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion%20loss
In telecommunications, insertion loss is the loss of signal power resulting from the insertion of a device in a transmission line or optical fiber and is usually expressed in decibels (dB). If the power transmitted to the load before insertion is PT and the power received by the load after insertion is PR, then the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligent%20Network
The Intelligent Network (IN) is the standard network architecture specified in the ITU-T Q.1200 series recommendations. It is intended for fixed as well as mobile telecom networks. It allows operators to differentiate themselves by providing value-added services in addition to the standard telecom services such as PSTN...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interconnect%20facility
Interconnect facility: In a communications network, one or more communications links that (a) are used to provide local area communications service among several locations and (b) collectively form a node in the network. An interconnect facility may include network control and administrative circuits as well as the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP%20address%20spoofing
In computer networking, IP address spoofing or IP spoofing is the creation of Internet Protocol (IP) packets with a false source IP address, for the purpose of impersonating another computing system. Background The basic protocol for sending data over the Internet network and many other computer networks is the Intern...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interoperability
Interoperability is a characteristic of a product or system to work with other products or systems. While the term was initially defined for information technology or systems engineering services to allow for information exchange, a broader definition takes into account social, political, and organizational factors tha...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersymbol%20interference
In telecommunication, intersymbol interference (ISI) is a form of distortion of a signal in which one symbol interferes with subsequent symbols. This is an unwanted phenomenon as the previous symbols have a similar effect as noise, thus making the communication less reliable. The spreading of the pulse beyond its allot...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isochronous%20timing
A sequence of events is isochronous if the events occur regularly, or at equal time intervals. The term isochronous is used in several technical contexts, but usually refers to the primary subject maintaining a constant period or interval (the reciprocal of frequency), despite variations in other measurable factors in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isochronous%20signal
In telecommunication, an isochronous signal is a signal in which the time interval separating any two significant instants is equal to the unit interval or a multiple of the unit interval. Variations in the time intervals are constrained within specified limits. "Isochronous" is a characteristic of one signal, while "...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jitter
In electronics and telecommunications, jitter is the deviation from true periodicity of a presumably periodic signal, often in relation to a reference clock signal. In clock recovery applications it is called timing jitter. Jitter is a significant, and usually undesired, factor in the design of almost all communication...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layered%20system
In telecommunication, a layered system is a system in which components are grouped, i.e., layered, in a hierarchical arrangement, such that lower layers provide functions and services that support the functions and services of higher layers. Systems of ever-increasing complexity and capability can be built by adding ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear%20polarization
In electrodynamics, linear polarization or plane polarization of electromagnetic radiation is a confinement of the electric field vector or magnetic field vector to a given plane along the direction of propagation. The term linear polarization (French: polarisation rectiligne) was coined by Augustin-Jean Fresnel in 182...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line%20code
In telecommunication, a line code is a pattern of voltage, current, or photons used to represent digital data transmitted down a communication channel or written to a storage medium. This repertoire of signals is usually called a constrained code in data storage systems. Some signals are more prone to error than other...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link%20level
For computer networking, Link level: In the hierarchical structure of a primary or secondary station, the conceptual level of control or data processing logic that controls the data link. Note: Link-level functions provide an interface between the station high-level logic and the data link. Link-level functions inclu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link%20quality%20analysis
In adaptive high-frequency (HF) radio, link quality analysis (LQA) is the overall process by which measurements of signal quality are made, assessed, and analyzed. In LQA, signal quality is determined by measuring, assessing, and analyzing link parameters, such as bit error ratio (BER), and the levels of the ratio of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loading%20coil
A loading coil or load coil is an inductor that is inserted into an electronic circuit to increase its inductance. The term originated in the 19th century for inductors used to prevent signal distortion in long-distance telegraph transmission cables. The term is also used for inductors in radio antennas, or between the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop%20gain
In electronics and control system theory, loop gain is the sum of the gain, expressed as a ratio or in decibels, around a feedback loop. Feedback loops are widely used in electronics in amplifiers and oscillators, and more generally in both electronic and nonelectronic industrial control systems to control industrial...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maintainability
Maintainability is the ease of maintaining or providing maintenance for a functioning product or service. Depending on the field, it can have slightly different meanings. Usage in different fields Engineering In engineering, maintainability is the ease with which a product can be maintained to: correct defects or t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester%20code
In telecommunication and data storage, Manchester code (also known as phase encoding, or PE) is a line code in which the encoding of each data bit is either low then high, or high then low, for equal time. It is a self-clocking signal with no DC component. Consequently, electrical connections using a Manchester code ar...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master%20frequency%20generator
A master frequency generator or master electronic oscillator, in frequency-division multiplexing (FDM), is a piece of equipment used to provide system end-to-end carrier frequency synchronization and frequency accuracy of tones. The following types of oscillators are used in the Defense Communications System FDM sys...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean%20time%20between%20outages
In a system the mean time between outages (MTBO) is the mean time between equipment failures that result in loss of system continuity or unacceptable degradation. The MTBO is calculated by the equation, where MTBF is the nonredundant mean time between failures and FFAS is the fraction of failures for which the faile...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprague%E2%80%93Grundy%20theorem
In combinatorial game theory, the Sprague–Grundy theorem states that every impartial game under the normal play convention is equivalent to a one-heap game of nim, or to an infinite generalization of nim. It can therefore be represented as a natural number, the size of the heap in its equivalent game of nim, as an ordi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mode%20partition%20noise
Mode partition noise: In an optical communication link, is phase jitter of the signal caused by the combined effects of mode hopping in the optical source and intramodal distortion in the fiber. Mode hopping causes random wavelength changes which in turn affect the group velocity, i.e., the propagation time. Over a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modified%20AMI%20code
Modified AMI codes are a digital telecommunications technique to maintain system synchronization. Alternate mark inversion (AMI) line codes are modified by deliberate insertion of bipolar violations. There are several types of modified AMI codes, used in various T-carrier and E-carrier systems. Overview The clock rate...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicast%20address
A multicast address is a logical identifier for a group of hosts in a computer network that are available to process datagrams or frames intended to be multicast for a designated network service. Multicast addressing can be used in the link layer (layer 2 in the OSI model), such as Ethernet multicast, and at the intern...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multipath%20propagation
In radio communication, multipath is the propagation phenomenon that results in radio signals reaching the receiving antenna by two or more paths. Causes of multipath include atmospheric ducting, ionospheric reflection and refraction, and reflection from water bodies and terrestrial objects such as mountains and buildi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplex%20baseband
In telecommunication, the term multiplex baseband has the following meanings: In frequency-division multiplexing, the frequency band occupied by the aggregate of the signals in the line interconnecting the multiplexing and radio or line equipment. In frequency division multiplexed carrier systems, at the input to an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplexing
In telecommunications and computer networking, multiplexing (sometimes contracted to muxing) is a method by which multiple analog or digital signals are combined into one signal over a shared medium. The aim is to share a scarce resource a physical transmission medium. For example, in telecommunications, several telep...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network%20architecture
Network architecture is the design of a computer network. It is a framework for the specification of a network's physical components and their functional organization and configuration, its operational principles and procedures, as well as communication protocols used. In telecommunication, the specification of a netw...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network%20engineering
Network engineering may refer to: The field concerned with internetworking service requirements for switched telephone networks The field concerned with Computer Networking; the design and management of computer networks The field concerned with Telecommunications Engineering; developing telecommunications network top...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network%20interface%20device
In telecommunications, a network interface device (NID; also known by several other names) is a device that serves as the demarcation point between the carrier's local loop and the customer's premises wiring. Outdoor telephone NIDs also provide the subscriber with access to the station wiring and serve as a convenient ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network%20operating%20system
A network operating system (NOS) is a specialized operating system for a network device such as a router, switch or firewall. Historically operating systems with networking capabilities were described as network operating systems, because they allowed personal computers (PCs) to participate in computer networks and sh...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network%20topology
Network topology is the arrangement of the elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a communication network. Network topology can be used to define or describe the arrangement of various types of telecommunication networks, including command and control radio networks, industrial fieldbusses and computer networks. Network top...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise-equivalent%20power
Noise-equivalent power (NEP) is a measure of the sensitivity of a photodetector or detector system. It is defined as the signal power that gives a signal-to-noise ratio of one in a one hertz output bandwidth. An output bandwidth of one hertz is equivalent to half a second of integration time. The units of NEP are watts...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise%20figure
Noise figure (NF) and noise factor (F) are figures of merit that indicate degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that is caused by components in a signal chain. These figures of merit are used to evaluate the performance of an amplifier or a radio receiver, with lower values indicating better performance. The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise%20power
In telecommunication, the term noise power has the following meanings: The measured total noise in a given bandwidth at the input or output of a device when the signal is not present; the integral of noise spectral density over the bandwidth The power generated by a random electromagnetic process. Interfering an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise%20temperature
In electronics, noise temperature is one way of expressing the level of available noise power introduced by a component or source. (This is to be distinguished from Temperature Noise in Thermodynamics or Principal Interferrometric Analysis Over Cross-Type Interference Between different noise types) The power spectral d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise%20weighting
A noise weighting is a specific amplitude-vs.-frequency characteristic that is designed to allow subjectively valid measurement of noise. It emphasises the parts of the spectrum that are most important. Usually, noise means audible noise, in audio systems, broadcast systems or telephone circuits. In this case the weig...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-return-to-zero
In telecommunication, a non-return-to-zero (NRZ) line code is a binary code in which ones are represented by one significant condition, usually a positive voltage, while zeros are represented by some other significant condition, usually a negative voltage, with no other neutral or rest condition. For a given data sig...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-entity
In telecommunication, a n-entity is an active element in the n-th layer of the Open Systems Interconnection--Reference Model (OSI-RM) that (a) interacts directly with elements, i.e., entities, of the layer immediately above or below the n-th layer, (b) is defined by a unique set of rules, i.e., syntax, and information ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyquist%20rate
In signal processing, the Nyquist rate, named after Harry Nyquist, is a value (in units of samples per second or hertz, Hz) equal to twice the highest frequency (bandwidth) of a given function or signal. When the function is digitized at a higher sample rate (see ), the resulting discrete-time sequence is said to be f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-premises%20wiring
On-premises wiring (customer premises wiring) is customer-owned telecommunication transmission or distribution lines. The transmission lines may be metallic (copper) or optical fiber, and may be installed within or between buildings. Premises wiring may consist of horizontal wiring, vertical wiring, and backbone cabli...