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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20network%20architecture | In telecommunications, and in the context of Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) Computer Inquiry III, Open network architecture (ONA) is the overall design of a communication carrier's basic network facilities and services to permit all users of the basic network to interconnect to specific basic network functio... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical%20attenuator | An optical attenuator, or fiber optic attenuator, is a device used to reduce the power level of an optical signal, either in free space or in an optical fiber. The basic types of optical attenuators are fixed, step-wise variable, and continuously variable.
Applications
Optical attenuators are commonly used in fiber op... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paired%20disparity%20code | In telecommunication, a paired disparity code is a line code in which at least one of the data characters is represented by two codewords of opposite disparity that are used in sequence so as to minimize the total disparity of a longer sequence of digits.
A particular codeword of any line code can either have no dispa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Title%2047%20CFR%20Part%2068 | Title 47 CFR Part 68 is a section of the Code of Federal Regulations of the United States that regulate the direct electrical connection of telecommunications equipment and customer premises wiring with the public switched telephone network, certain private line services, and connection of private branch exchange (PBX)... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo%20bit%20error%20ratio | Pseudo bit error ratio (PBER) in adaptive high-frequency (HF) radio, is a bit error ratio derived by a majority decoder that processes redundant transmissions.
Note: In adaptive HF radio automatic link establishment, PBER is determined by the extent of error correction, such as by using the fraction of non-unanimous... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phased%20array | In antenna theory, a phased array usually means an electronically scanned array, a computer-controlled array of antennas which creates a beam of radio waves that can be electronically steered to point in different directions without moving the antennas.
The general theory of an electromagnetic phased array also finds a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase%20distortion | In signal processing, phase distortion or phase-frequency distortion is distortion, that is, change in the shape of the waveform, that occurs when (a) a filter's phase response is not linear over the frequency range of interest, that is, the phase shift introduced by a circuit or device is not directly proportional to... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw%20Ulam | Stanisław Marcin Ulam (; 13 April 1909 – 13 May 1984) was a Polish-American mathematician and nuclear physicist. He participated in the Manhattan Project, originated the Teller–Ulam design of thermonuclear weapons, discovered the concept of the cellular automaton, invented the Monte Carlo method of computation, and sug... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-locked%20loop | A phase-locked loop or phase lock loop (PLL) is a control system that generates an output signal whose phase is related to the phase of an input signal. There are several different types; the simplest is an electronic circuit consisting of a variable frequency oscillator and a phase detector in a feedback loop. The o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase%20noise | In signal processing, phase noise is the frequency-domain representation of random fluctuations in the phase of a waveform, corresponding to time-domain deviations from perfect periodicity (jitter). Generally speaking, radio-frequency engineers speak of the phase noise of an oscillator, whereas digital-system engineer... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase%20perturbation | Phase perturbation is the shifting, from whatever cause, in the phase of an electronic signal. The shifting is often quite rapid, and may appear to be random or cyclic. The phase departure in phase perturbation usually is larger, but less rapid, than in phase jitter.
Phase perturbation may be expressed in degrees, wit... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PIN%20diode | A PIN diode is a diode with a wide, undoped intrinsic semiconductor region between a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor region. The p-type and n-type regions are typically heavily doped because they are used for ohmic contacts.
The wide intrinsic region is in contrast to an ordinary p–n diode. The wide i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plane%20wave | In physics, a plane wave is a special case of wave or field: a physical quantity whose value, at any moment, is constant through any plane that is perpendicular to a fixed direction in space.
For any position in space and any time , the value of such a field can be written as
where is a unit-length vector, and is ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20factor | In electrical engineering, the power factor of an AC power system is defined as the ratio of the real power absorbed by the load to the apparent power flowing in the circuit. Real power is the average of the instantaneous product of voltage and current and represents the capacity of the electricity for performing work... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20margin | In telecommunication, the power margin is the difference between available signal power and the minimum signal power needed to overcome system losses and still satisfy the minimum input requirements of the receiver for a given performance level.
System power margin reflects the excess signal level, present at the inp... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary%20channel | In telecommunication, the term primary channel has the following meanings:
The communication channel that is designated as a prime transmission channel and is used as the first choice in restoring priority circuits.
In a communications network, the channel that has the highest data rate of all the channels sharin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation%20constant | The propagation constant of a sinusoidal electromagnetic wave is a measure of the change undergone by the amplitude and phase of the wave as it propagates in a given direction. The quantity being measured can be the voltage, the current in a circuit, or a field vector such as electric field strength or flux density. Th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol-control%20information | In telecommunication, the term protocol-control information or PCI has the following meanings:
The queries and replies among communications equipment to determine the respective capabilities of each end of the communications link.
For layered systems, information exchanged between entities of a given layer, via t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provisioning%20%28technology%29 | In telecommunication, provisioning involves the process of preparing and equipping a network to allow it to provide new services to its users. In National Security/Emergency Preparedness telecommunications services, "provisioning" equates to "initiation" and includes altering the state of an existing priority service... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudorandom%20noise | In cryptography, pseudorandom noise (PRN) is a signal similar to noise which satisfies one or more of the standard tests for statistical randomness. Although it seems to lack any definite pattern, pseudorandom noise consists of a deterministic sequence of pulses that will repeat itself after its period.
In cryptograph... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psophometer | In telecommunications, a psophometer is an instrument that measures the perceptible noise of a telephone circuit.
The core of the meter is based on a true RMS voltmeter, which measures the level of the noise signal. This was used for the first psophometers, in the 1930s. As the human-perceived level of noise is more i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psophometric%20voltage | Psophometric voltage is a circuit noise voltage measured with a psophometer that includes a CCIF-1951 weighting network.
"Psophometric voltage" should not be confused with "psophometric emf," i.e., the emf in a generator or line with 600 Ω internal resistance. For practical purposes, the psophometric emf is twice the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse | In medicine, a pulse represents the tactile arterial palpation of the cardiac cycle (heartbeat) by trained fingertips. The pulse may be palpated in any place that allows an artery to be compressed near the surface of the body, such as at the neck (carotid artery), wrist (radial artery), at the groin (femoral artery), b... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse%20duration | In signal processing and telecommunication, pulse duration is the interval between the time, during the first transition, that the amplitude of the pulse reaches a specified fraction (level) of its final amplitude, and the time the pulse amplitude drops, on the last transition, to the same level.
The interval between ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality%20control | Quality control (QC) is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in production. ISO 9000 defines quality control as "a part of quality management focused on fulfilling quality requirements".
This approach places emphasis on three aspects (enshrined in standards such as ISO 9001):
Elemen... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-analog%20signal | In telecommunication, a quasi-analog signal is a digital signal that has been converted to a form suitable for transmission over a specified analog channel.
The specification of the analog channel should include frequency range, bandwidth, signal-to-noise ratio, and envelope delay distortion. When quasi-analog form ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queuing%20delay | In telecommunication and computer engineering, the queuing delay or queueing delay is the time a job waits in a queue until it can be executed. It is a key component of network delay. In a switched network, queuing delay is the time between the completion of signaling by the call originator and the arrival of a ringing... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiometry | Radiometry is a set of techniques for measuring electromagnetic radiation, including visible light. Radiometric techniques in optics characterize the distribution of the radiation's power in space, as opposed to photometric techniques, which characterize the light's interaction with the human eye. The fundamental diffe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random%20number | In mathematics and statistics, a random number is either Pseudo-random or a number generated for, or part of, a set exhibiting statistical randomness.
Algorithms and implementations
A 1964-developed algorithm is popularly known as the Knuth shuffle or the Fisher–Yates shuffle (based on work they did in 1938). A real-w... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receive-after-transmit%20time%20delay | In telecommunication, receive-after-transmit time delay is the time interval between (a) the instant of keying off the local transmitter to stop transmitting and (b) the instant the local receiver output has increased to 90% of its steady-state value in response to an RF (radio-frequency) signal from another transmitte... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Received%20noise%20power | In telecommunications, received noise power is a measure of noise in a receiver. For example, the received noise power might be:
The calculated or measured noise power, within the bandwidth being used, at the receive end of a circuit, channel, link, or system.
The absolute power of the noise measured or calculated at a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack-time%20delay | In telecommunications, attack-time delay is the time needed for a receiver or transmitter to respond to an incoming signal.
For a receiver, the attack-time delay is defined as the time interval from the instant a step radio-frequency (RF) signal, at a level equal to the receiver's threshold of sensitivity, is applied ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recovery%20procedure | In telecommunication, a recovery procedure is a process that attempts to bring a system back to a normal operating state. Examples:
The actions necessary to restore an automated information system's data files and computational capability after a system failure.
In data communications, a process whereby a data station... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference%20circuit | A reference circuit is a hypothetical electric circuit of specified equivalent length and configuration, and having a defined transmission characteristic or characteristics, used primarily as a reference for measuring the performance of other, i.e., real, circuits or as a guide for planning and engineering of circuits ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference%20noise | In telecommunication, reference noise is the magnitude of circuit noise chosen as a reference for measurement.
Many different levels with a number of different weightings are in current use, and care must be taken to ensure that the proper parameters are stated.
Specific ones include: dBa, dBa(F1A), dBa(HA1), dBa0... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflection%20coefficient | In physics and electrical engineering the reflection coefficient is a parameter that describes how much of a wave is reflected by an impedance discontinuity in the transmission medium. It is equal to the ratio of the amplitude of the reflected wave to the incident wave, with each expressed as phasors. For example, it... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflectance | The reflectance of the surface of a material is its effectiveness in reflecting radiant energy. It is the fraction of incident electromagnetic power that is reflected at the boundary. Reflectance is a component of the response of the electronic structure of the material to the electromagnetic field of light, and is in ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repeater | In telecommunications, a repeater is an electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits it. Repeaters are used to extend transmissions so that the signal can cover longer distances or be received on the other side of an obstruction. Some types of repeaters broadcast an identical signal, but alter its method of... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Response%20time%20%28technology%29 | In technology, response time is the time a system or functional unit takes to react to a given input.
Computing
Response time is the total amount of time it takes to respond to a request for service. That service can be anything from a memory fetch, to a disk IO, to a complex database query, or loading a full web pag... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Return%20loss | In telecommunications, return loss is a measure in relative terms of the power of the signal reflected by a discontinuity in a transmission line or optical fiber. This discontinuity can be caused by a mismatch between the termination or load connected to the line and the characteristic impedance of the line. It is us... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RF%20power%20margin | In telecommunication, the term RF power margin has the following meanings:
The amount of transmitter power above that which is computed by the link designer as the minimum required to meet specified link performance. The RF power margin allows for uncertainties in (a) empirical components of the signal level predict... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringaround | In telecommunication, the term ringaround has the following meanings:
The improper routing of a call back through a switching center already engaged in attempting to complete the same call.
In secondary surveillance radar, the presence of false targets declared as a result of transponder interrogation by side lobes of... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring%20latency | In a ring network, such as Token Ring, ring latency is the time required for a signal to propagate once around the ring. Ring latency may be measured in seconds or in bits at the data transmission rate. Ring latency includes signal propagation delays in the ring medium, the drop cables, and the data stations connected ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round-trip%20delay | In telecommunications, round-trip delay (RTD) or round-trip time (RTT) is the amount of time it takes for a signal to be sent plus the amount of time it takes for acknowledgement of that signal having been received. This time delay includes propagation times for the paths between the two communication endpoints. In the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schematic | A schematic, or schematic diagram, is a designed representation of the elements of a system using abstract, graphic symbols rather than realistic pictures. A schematic usually omits all details that are not relevant to the key information the schematic is intended to convey, and may include oversimplified elements in o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrambler | In telecommunications, a scrambler is a device that transposes or inverts signals or otherwise encodes a message at the sender's side to make the message unintelligible at a receiver not equipped with an appropriately set descrambling device. Whereas encryption usually refers to operations carried out in the digital do... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security%20management | Security management is the identification of an organization's assets (including people, buildings, machines, systems and information assets), followed by the development, documentation, and implementation of policies and procedures for protecting assets.
An organization uses such security management procedures for in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-synchronizing%20code | In coding theory, especially in telecommunications, a self-synchronizing code is a uniquely decodable code in which the symbol stream formed by a portion of one code word, or by the overlapped portion of any two adjacent code words, is not a valid code word. Put another way, a set of strings (called "code words") over ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift%20register | A shift register is a type of digital circuit using a cascade of flip-flops where the output of one flip-flop is connected to the input of the next. They share a single clock signal, which causes the data stored in the system to shift from one location to the next. By connecting the last flip-flop back to the first, th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shot%20noise | Shot noise or Poisson noise is a type of noise which can be modeled by a Poisson process.
In electronics shot noise originates from the discrete nature of electric charge. Shot noise also occurs in photon counting in optical devices, where shot noise is associated with the particle nature of light.
Origin
In a stat... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal%20compression | Signal compression is the use of various techniques to increase the quality or quantity of signal parameters transmitted through a given telecommunications channel.
Types of signal compression include:
Bandwidth compression
Data compression
Dynamic range compression
Gain compression
Image compression
Lossy compressio... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal-to-crosstalk%20ratio | The signal-to-crosstalk ratio at a specified point in a circuit is the ratio of the power of the wanted signal to the power of the unwanted signal from another channel.
The signals are adjusted in each channel so that they are of equal power at the zero transmission level point in their respective channels.
The sig... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal-to-noise%20ratio | Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR or S/N) is a measure used in science and engineering that compares the level of a desired signal to the level of background noise. SNR is defined as the ratio of signal power to noise power, often expressed in decibels. A ratio higher than 1:1 (greater than 0 dB) indicates more signal than no... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal%20transition | Signal transition, when referring to the modulation of a carrier signal, is a change from one significant condition to another.
Examples of signal transitions are a change from one electric current, voltage, or power level to another; a change from one optical power level to another; a phase shift; or a change from o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple%20Network%20Management%20Protocol | Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an Internet Standard protocol for collecting and organizing information about managed devices on IP networks and for modifying that information to change device behaviour. Devices that typically support SNMP include cable modems, routers, switches, servers, workstations, pri... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SINAD | The signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SINAD) is a measure of the quality of a signal from a communications device, often defined as
where is the average power of the signal, noise and distortion components. SINAD is usually expressed in dB and is quoted alongside the receiver RF sensitivity, to give a quantitativ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slave%20clock | In telecommunication and horology, a slave clock is a clock that depends on another clock, the master clock. Modern clocks are synchronized through the Internet or by radio time signals, to Coordinated Universal Time. UTC is based on a network of atomic clocks in many countries. For scientific purposes, precision cloc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial%20application | A spatial application is a technological application (such as video) requiring high spatial resolution, possibly at the expense of reduced temporal positioning accuracy, such as increased jerkiness.
Examples of spatial applications include the requirement to display small characters and to resolve fine detail in stil... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific%20detectivity | Specific detectivity, or D*, for a photodetector is a figure of merit used to characterize performance, equal to the reciprocal of noise-equivalent power (NEP), normalized per square root of the sensor's area and frequency bandwidth (reciprocal of twice the integration time).
Specific detectivity is given by , where ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed%20of%20service | In telecommunication, speed of service is the time for a message to be received. For example:
The time between release of a message by the originator to receipt of the message by the addressee, as perceived by the end user. (originator-to-recipient speed of service)
The time between entry of a message into a communica... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squelch | In telecommunications, squelch is a circuit function that acts to suppress the audio (or video) output of a receiver in the absence of a strong input signal. Essentially, squelch is a specialized type of noise gate designed to suppress weak signals. Squelch is used in two-way radios and VHF/UHF radio scanners to elimin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standing%20wave%20ratio | In radio engineering and telecommunications, standing wave ratio (SWR) is a measure of impedance matching of loads to the characteristic impedance of a transmission line or waveguide. Impedance mismatches result in standing waves along the transmission line, and SWR is defined as the ratio of the partial standing wave'... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Start%20signal | In telecommunication, a start signal is a signal that prepares a device to receive data or to perform a function.
In asynchronous serial communication, start signals are used at the beginning of a character that prepares the receiving device for the reception of the code elements.
A start signal is limited to one s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stopband | A stopband is a band of frequencies, between specified limits, through which a circuit, such as a filter or telephone circuit, does not allow signals to pass, or the attenuation is above the required stopband attenuation level. Depending on application, the required attenuation within the stopband may typically be a va... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop%20signal | In telecommunication, a stop signal is a signal that marks the end of part of a transmission, for example:
In asynchronous serial communication, a signal at the end of a character that prepares the receiving device for the reception of a subsequent character. A stop signal is usually limited to one signal element havin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supervisory%20program | A supervisory program or supervisor is a computer program, usually part of an operating system, that controls the execution of other routines and regulates work scheduling, input/output operations, error actions, and similar functions and regulates the flow of work in a data processing system.
It can also refer to a ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface%20wave | In physics, a surface wave is a mechanical wave that propagates along the interface between differing media. A common example is gravity waves along the surface of liquids, such as ocean waves. Gravity waves can also occur within liquids, at the interface between two fluids with different densities. Elastic surface ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survivability | Survivability is the ability to remain alive or continue to exist. The term has more specific meaning in certain contexts.
Ecological
Following disruptive forces such as flood, fire, disease, war, or climate change some species of flora, fauna, and local life forms are likely to survive more successfully than othe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronism | Synchronism may refer to:
Synchronism (Davidovsky), compositions by Argentine-American composer Mario Davidovsky incorporating acoustic instruments and electroacoustic sounds
Chronological synchronism, an event that links two chronologies such as historical and datable astronomical events
Synchronization, the coord... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System%20integrity | In telecommunications, the term system integrity has the following meanings:
That condition of a system wherein its mandated operational and technical parameters are within the prescribed limits.
The quality of an AIS when it performs its intended function in an unimpaired manner, free from deliberate or inadvert... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems%20design | Systems design interfaces, and data for an electronic control system to satisfy specified requirements. System design could be seen as the application of system theory to product development. There is some overlap with the disciplines of system analysis, system architecture and system engineering.
Overview
If the bro... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-carrier | The T-carrier is a member of the series of carrier systems developed by AT&T Bell Laboratories for digital transmission of multiplexed telephone calls.
The first version, the Transmission System 1 (T1), was introduced in 1962 in the Bell System, and could transmit up to 24 telephone calls simultaneously over a single ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ternary%20signal | In telecommunication, a ternary signal is a signal that can assume, at any given instant, one of three states or significant conditions, such as power level, phase position, pulse duration, or frequency.
Examples of ternary signals are (a) a pulse that can have a positive, zero, or negative voltage value at any given ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-order%20intercept%20point | In telecommunications, a third-order intercept point (IP3 or TOI) is a specific figure of merit associated with the more general third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD3), which is a measure for weakly nonlinear systems and devices, for example receivers, linear amplifiers and mixers. It is based on the idea that t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-division%20multiplexing | Time-division multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting and receiving independent signals over a common signal path by means of synchronized switches at each end of the transmission line so that each signal appears on the line only a fraction of time in an alternating pattern. It can be used when the bit rate of t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-domain%20reflectometer | A time-domain reflectometer (TDR) is an electronic instrument used to determine the characteristics of electrical lines by observing reflected pulses.
It can be used to characterize and locate faults in metallic cables (for example, twisted pair wire or coaxial cable),
and to locate discontinuities in a connector, prin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total%20harmonic%20distortion | The total harmonic distortion (THD or THDi) is a measurement of the harmonic distortion present in a signal and is defined as the ratio of the sum of the powers of all harmonic components to the power of the fundamental frequency. Distortion factor, a closely related term, is sometimes used as a synonym.
In audio syst... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transceiver | In radio communication, a transceiver is an electronic device which is a combination of a radio transmitter and a receiver, hence the name. It can both transmit and receive radio waves using an antenna, for communication purposes. These two related functions are often combined in a single device to reduce manufacturin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission%20level%20point | In telecommunication, a transmission level point (TLP) is a test point in an electronic circuit that is typically a transmission channel. At the TLP, a test signal may be introduced or measured. Various parameters, such as the power of the signal, noise, voltage levels, wave forms, may be measured at the TLP.
The nomi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission%20line | In electrical engineering, a transmission line is a specialized cable or other structure designed to conduct electromagnetic waves in a contained manner. The term applies when the conductors are long enough that the wave nature of the transmission must be taken into account. This applies especially to radio-frequency ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmit-after-receive%20time%20delay | In telecommunication, transmit-after-receive time delay is the time interval from removal of RF energy at the local receiver input until the local transmitter is automatically keyed on and the transmitted rf signal amplitude has increased to 90% of its steady-state value. An Exception: High-frequency (HF) transceiver ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transponder | In telecommunications, a transponder is a device that, upon receiving a signal, emits a different signal in response. The term is a blend of transmitter and responder.
In air navigation or radio frequency identification, a flight transponder is an automated transceiver in an aircraft that emits a coded identifying si... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trusted%20computing%20base | The trusted computing base (TCB) of a computer system is the set of all hardware, firmware, and/or software components that are critical to its security, in the sense that bugs or vulnerabilities occurring inside the TCB might jeopardize the security properties of the entire system. By contrast, parts of a computer sys... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnkey | A turnkey, a turnkey project, or a turnkey operation (also spelled turn-key) is a type of project that is constructed so that it can be sold to any buyer as a completed product. This is contrasted with build to order, where the constructor builds an item to the buyer's exact specifications, or when an incomplete produc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-out-of-five%20code | A two-out-of-five code is a constant-weight code that provides exactly ten possible combinations of two bits, and is thus used for representing the decimal digits using five bits. Each bit is assigned a weight, such that the set bits sum to the desired value, with an exception for zero.
According to Federal Standard ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSA%20product%20types | The U.S. National Security Agency (NSA) used to rank cryptographic products or algorithms by a certification called product types. Product types were defined in the National Information Assurance Glossary (CNSSI No. 4009, 2010) which used to define Type 1, 2, 3, and 4 products. The definitions of numeric type product... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unavailability | Unavailability, in mathematical terms, is the probability that an item will not operate correctly at a given time and under specified conditions. It opposes availability.
Numerical values associated with the calculation of availability are often awkward, consisting of a series of 9s before reaching any significant num... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uninterruptible%20power%20supply | An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) or uninterruptible power source is a type of continual power system that provides automated backup electric power to a load when the input power source or mains power fails. A UPS differs from a traditional auxiliary/emergency power system or standby generator in that it will provi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract%20factory%20pattern | The abstract factory pattern in software engineering is a design pattern that provides a way to create families of related objects without imposing their concrete classes, by encapsulating a group of individual factories that have a common theme without specifying their concrete classes. According to this pattern, a cl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications%20link | In a telecommunications network, a link is a communication channel that connects two or more devices for the purpose of data transmission. The link may be a dedicated physical link or a virtual circuit that uses one or more physical links or shares a physical link with other telecommunications links.
A telecommunicati... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length%20buffer | In telecommunication, a variable length buffer or elastic buffer is a buffer into which data may be entered at one rate and removed at another rate without changing the data sequence.
Most first-in first-out (FIFO) storage devices are variable-length buffers in that the input rate may be variable while the output r... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viewdata | Viewdata is a Videotex implementation. It is a type of information retrieval service in which a subscriber can access a remote database via a common carrier channel, request data and receive requested data on a video display over a separate channel. Samuel Fedida, who had the idea for Viewdata in 1968, was credited as... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20circuit | A virtual circuit (VC) is a means of transporting data over a data network, based on packet switching and in which a connection is first established across the network between two endpoints. The network, rather than having a fixed data rate reservation per connection as in circuit switching, takes advantage of the stat... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer%20%28electronics%29 | In electronics, a wafer (also called a slice or substrate) is a thin slice of semiconductor, such as a crystalline silicon (c-Si), used for the fabrication of integrated circuits and, in photovoltaics, to manufacture solar cells. The wafer serves as the substrate for microelectronic devices built in and upon the wafer.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide%20area%20information%20server | Wide Area Information Server (WAIS) is a client–server text searching system that uses the ANSI Standard Z39.50 Information Retrieval Service Definition and Protocol Specifications for Library Applications" (Z39.50:1988) to search index databases on remote computers. It was developed in 1990 as a project of Thinking M... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless%20mobility%20management | Wireless mobility management in Personal Communications Service (PCS) is the assigning and controlling of wireless links for terminal network connections. Wireless mobility management provides an "alerting" function for call completion to a wireless terminal, monitors wireless link performance to determine when an auto... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group%20theory | In abstract algebra, group theory studies the algebraic structures known as groups.
The concept of a group is central to abstract algebra: other well-known algebraic structures, such as rings, fields, and vector spaces, can all be seen as groups endowed with additional operations and axioms. Groups recur throughout m... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accuracy%20and%20precision | Accuracy and precision are two measures of observational error.
Accuracy is how close a given set of measurements (observations or readings) are to their true value, while precision is how close the measurements are to each other.
In other words, precision is a description of random errors, a measure of statistical va... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post%20and%20lintel | In architecture, post and lintel (also called prop and lintel, a trabeated system, or a trilithic system) is a building system where strong horizontal elements are held up by strong vertical elements with large spaces between them. This is usually used to hold up a roof, creating a largely open space beneath, for what... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical%20impedance | In electrical engineering, impedance is the opposition to alternating current presented by the combined effect of resistance and reactance in a circuit.
Quantitatively, the impedance of a two-terminal circuit element is the ratio of the complex representation of the sinusoidal voltage between its terminals, to the com... |
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