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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%2B%2B | Z++ (pronounced zed, or zee in American pronunciation, plus plus) is an object-oriented extension to the Z specification language.
Z++ allows for the definition of classes, and the relation of classes through inheritance, association, or aggregation. The primary construct of Z++ is a class. A Z++ class consists of a n... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apatite | Apatite is a group of phosphate minerals, usually hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite and chlorapatite, with high concentrations of OH−, F− and Cl− ion, respectively, in the crystal. The formula of the admixture of the three most common endmembers is written as Ca10(PO4)6(OH,F,Cl)2, and the crystal unit cell formulae of the i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BOS/360 | Basic Operating System/360 (BOS/360) was an early IBM System/360 operating system.
Origin
BOS was one of four System/360 Operating System versions developed by the IBM General Products Division (GPD) in Endicott, New York to fill a gap at the low end of the System/360 line when it became apparent that OS/360 was not... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical%20reactance | In electrical circuits, reactance is the opposition presented to alternating current by inductance and capacitance. Along with resistance, it is one of two elements of impedance; however, while both elements involve transfer of electrical energy, no dissipation of electrical energy as heat occurs in reactance; instead,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20statisticians | This list of statisticians lists people who have made notable contributions to the theories or application of statistics, or to the related fields of probability or machine learning. Also included are actuaries and demographers.
A
Aalen, Odd Olai (1947–1987)
Abbey, Helen (1915–2001)
Abbott, Edith (1876–1957)
Abe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufficient%20statistic | In statistics, a statistic is sufficient with respect to a statistical model and its associated unknown parameter if "no other statistic that can be calculated from the same sample provides any additional information as to the value of the parameter". In particular, a statistic is sufficient for a family of probability... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XScale | XScale is a microarchitecture for central processing units initially designed by Intel implementing the ARM architecture (version 5) instruction set. XScale comprises several distinct families: IXP, IXC, IOP, PXA and CE (see more below), with some later models designed as system-on-a-chip (SoC). Intel sold the PXA fami... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subnormal%20number | This page describes subnormal numbers in general. For the details of IEEE subnormal and denormal numbers, see the IEEE section below.
In computer science, subnormal numbers are the subset of denormalized numbers (sometimes called denormals) that fill the underflow gap around zero in floating-point arithmetic. Any non-... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handkerchief%20code | The handkerchief code (also known as the hanky code, the bandana code, and flagging) is a system of color-coded cloth handkerchief or bandanas for non-verbally communicating one's interests in sexual activities and fetishes. The color of the handkerchief identifies a particular activity, and the pocket it is worn in (l... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singular%20value%20decomposition | In linear algebra, the singular value decomposition (SVD) is a factorization of a real or complex matrix. It generalizes the eigendecomposition of a square normal matrix with an orthonormal eigenbasis to any matrix. It is related to the polar decomposition.
Specifically, the singular value decomposition of an comple... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser%20diode | A laser diode (LD, also injection laser diode or ILD, or diode laser) is a semiconductor device similar to a light-emitting diode in which a diode pumped directly with electrical current can create lasing conditions at the diode's junction.
Driven by voltage, the doped p–n-transition allows for recombination of an ele... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institution%20of%20Electrical%20Engineers | The Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE) was a British professional organisation of electronics, electrical, manufacturing, and information technology professionals, especially electrical engineers. It began in 1871 as the Society of Telegraph Engineers. In 2006, it changed its name to the Institution of Engineeri... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network%20mapping | Network mapping is the study of the physical connectivity of networks e.g. the Internet. Network mapping discovers the devices on the network and their connectivity. It is not to be confused with network discovery or network enumerating which discovers devices on the network and their characteristics such as (operating... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumpolar%20star | A circumpolar star is a star that, as viewed from a given latitude on Earth, never sets below the horizon due to its apparent proximity to one of the celestial poles. Circumpolar stars are therefore visible from said location toward the nearest pole for the entire night on every night of the year (and would be continuo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Session%20layer | In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the session layer is layer 5.
The session layer provides the mechanism for opening, closing and managing a session between end-user application processes, i.e., a semi-permanent dialogue. Communication sessions consist of requests and responses that occur between ap... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpetology | Herpetology (from Greek ἑρπετόν herpetón, meaning "reptile" or "creeping animal") is the branch of zoology concerned with the study of amphibians (including frogs, toads, salamanders, newts, and caecilians (gymnophiona)) and reptiles (including snakes, lizards, amphisbaenids, turtles, terrapins, tortoises, crocodilians... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homology%20%28biology%29 | In biology, homology is similarity due to shared ancestry between a pair of structures or genes in different taxa. A common example of homologous structures is the forelimbs of vertebrates, where the wings of bats and birds, the arms of primates, the front flippers of whales, and the forelegs of four-legged vertebrates... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20ad%20hoc%20routing%20protocols | An ad hoc routing protocol is a convention, or standard, that controls how nodes decide which way to route packets between computing devices in a mobile ad hoc network.
In ad hoc networks, nodes are not familiar with the topology of their networks. Instead, they have to discover it: typically, a new node announces its... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FOSSIL | FOSSIL is a standard protocol for allowing serial communication for telecommunications programs under the DOS operating system. FOSSIL is an acronym for Fido Opus SEAdog Standard Interface Layer. Fido refers to FidoNet, Opus refers to Opus-CBCS BBS, and SEAdog refers to a Fidonet compatible mailer. The standards docume... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel%20%28category%20theory%29 | In category theory and its applications to other branches of mathematics, kernels are a generalization of the kernels of group homomorphisms, the kernels of module homomorphisms and certain other kernels from algebra. Intuitively, the kernel of the morphism f : X → Y is the "most general" morphism k : K → X that yields... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enriched%20category | In category theory, a branch of mathematics, an enriched category generalizes the idea of a category by replacing hom-sets with objects from a general monoidal category. It is motivated by the observation that, in many practical applications, the hom-set often has additional structure that should be respected, e.g., th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinite%20set | In set theory, an infinite set is a set that is not a finite set. Infinite sets may be countable or uncountable.
Properties
The set of natural numbers (whose existence is postulated by the axiom of infinity) is infinite. It is the only set that is directly required by the axioms to be infinite. The existence of any ot... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web%20directory | A web directory or link directory is an online list or catalog of websites. That is, it is a directory on the World Wide Web of (all or part of) the World Wide Web. Historically, directories typically listed entries on people or businesses, and their contact information; such directories are still in use today. A web d... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractal%20landscape | A fractal landscape or fractal surface is generated using a stochastic algorithm designed to produce fractal behavior that mimics the appearance of natural terrain. In other words, the surface resulting from the procedure is not a deterministic, but rather a random surface that exhibits fractal behavior.
Many natural ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wintel | Wintel (portmanteau of Windows and Intel) is the partnership of Microsoft Windows and Intel producing personal computers using Intel x86-compatible processors running Microsoft Windows.
Background
By the early 1980s, the chaos and incompatibility that was rife in the early microcomputer market had given way to a smal... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%20Db2 | Db2 is a family of data management products, including database servers, developed by IBM. It initially supported the relational model, but was extended to support object–relational features and non-relational structures like JSON and XML. The brand name was originally styled as DB/2, then DB2 until 2017 and finally ch... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centers%20of%20gravity%20in%20non-uniform%20fields | In physics, a center of gravity of a material body is a point that may be used for a summary description of gravitational interactions. In a uniform gravitational field, the center of mass serves as the center of gravity. This is a very good approximation for smaller bodies near the surface of Earth, so there is no pra... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equatorial%20bulge | An equatorial bulge is a difference between the equatorial and polar diameters of a planet, due to the centrifugal force exerted by the rotation about the body's axis. A rotating body tends to form an oblate spheroid rather than a sphere.
On Earth
The planet Earth has a rather slight equatorial bulge; its equatorial ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20forests%20in%20the%20United%20Kingdom | This is a list of some of the forests in the United Kingdom. Care should be taken to distinguish extensive wooded areas from royal forests which may never have been particularly wooded within historical times.
England
North
Cheshire
Delamere Forest
Mersey Forest
Macclesfield Forest
Cumbria
Grizedale Forest
Whinfell ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center%20of%20pressure%20%28fluid%20mechanics%29 | In fluid mechanics, the center of pressure is the point where the total sum of a pressure field acts on a body, causing a force to act through that point. The total force vector acting at the center of pressure is the surface integral of the pressure vector field across the surface of the body. The resultant force an... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parity%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, parity is the property of an integer of whether it is even or odd. An integer is even if it is a multiple of two, and odd if it is not. For example, −4, 0, 82 are even because
By contrast, −3, 5, 7, 21 are odd numbers. The above definition of parity applies only to integer numbers, hence it cannot be a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCUBE | nCUBE was a series of parallel computing computers from the company of the same name. Early generations of the hardware used a custom microprocessor. With its final generations of servers, nCUBE no longer designed custom microprocessors for machines, but used server-class chips manufactured by a third party in massivel... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterexample | A counterexample is any exception to a generalization. In logic a counterexample disproves the generalization, and does so rigorously in the fields of mathematics and philosophy. For example, the fact that "student John Smith is not lazy" is a counterexample to the generalization "students are lazy", and both a counte... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IWarp | iWarp was an experimental parallel supercomputer architecture developed as a joint project by Intel and Carnegie Mellon University. The project started in 1988, as a follow-up to CMU's previous WARP research project, in order to explore building an entire parallel-computing "node" in a single microprocessor, complete w... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperTransport | HyperTransport (HT), formerly known as Lightning Data Transport, is a technology for interconnection of computer processors. It is a bidirectional serial/parallel high-bandwidth, low-latency point-to-point link that was introduced on April 2, 2001. The HyperTransport Consortium is in charge of promoting and developin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InfiniBand | InfiniBand (IB) is a computer networking communications standard used in high-performance computing that features very high throughput and very low latency. It is used for data interconnect both among and within computers. InfiniBand is also used as either a direct or switched interconnect between servers and storage s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCI%20Express | PCI Express (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express), officially abbreviated as PCIe or PCI-e, is a high-speed serial computer expansion bus standard, designed to replace the older PCI, PCI-X and AGP bus standards. It is the common motherboard interface for personal computers' graphics cards, sound cards, hard disk ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIPPI | HIPPI, short for High Performance Parallel Interface, is a computer bus for the attachment of high speed storage devices to supercomputers, in a point-to-point link. It was popular in the late 1980s and into the mid-to-late 1990s, but has since been replaced by ever-faster standard interfaces like Fibre Channel and 10 ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibre%20Channel | Fibre Channel (FC) is a high-speed data transfer protocol providing in-order, lossless delivery of raw block data. Fibre Channel is primarily used to connect computer data storage to servers in storage area networks (SAN) in commercial data centers.
Fibre Channel networks form a switched fabric because the switches in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthias%20Ettrich | Matthias Ettrich (born 14 June 1972) is a German computer scientist and founder of the KDE and LyX projects.
Early life
Ettrich was born in Bietigheim-Bissingen, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany, and went to school in Beilstein while living with his parents in Oberstenfeld. He passed the Abitur in 1991. Ettrich studie... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live%20Aid | Live Aid was a multi-venue benefit concert held on Saturday 13 July 1985, as well as a music-based fundraising initiative. The original event was organised by Bob Geldof and Midge Ure to raise further funds for relief of the 1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, a movement that started with the release of the successful charit... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salting%20%28food%29 | Salting is the preservation of food with dry edible salt. It is related to pickling in general and more specifically to brining also known as fermenting (preparing food with brine, that is, salty water) and is one form of curing. It is one of the oldest methods of preserving food, and two historically significant salt-... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%20fluorescent%20protein | The green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a protein that exhibits bright green fluorescence when exposed to light in the blue to ultraviolet range. The label GFP traditionally refers to the protein first isolated from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria and is sometimes called avGFP. However, GFPs have been found in other or... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%20650 | The IBM 650 Magnetic Drum Data-Processing Machine is an early digital computer produced by IBM in the mid-1950s. It was the first mass produced computer in the world. Almost 2,000 systems were produced, the last in 1962, and it was the first computer to make a meaningful profit. The first one was installed in late 1954... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20programming%20languages | This is an index to notable programming languages, in current or historical use. Dialects of BASIC, esoteric programming languages, and markup languages are not included. A programming language does not need to be imperative or Turing-complete, but must be executable and so does not include markup languages such as HTM... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife | Wildlife refers to undomesticated animal species, but has come to include all organisms that grow or live wild in an area without being introduced by humans. Wildlife was also synonymous to game: those birds and mammals that were hunted for sport. Wildlife can be found in all ecosystems. Deserts, plains, grasslands, wo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar%20mass | In chemistry, the molar mass () of a chemical compound is defined as the ratio between the mass and the amount of substance (measured in moles) of any sample of said compound. The molar mass is a bulk, not molecular, property of a substance. The molar mass is an average of many instances of the compound, which often va... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoving%20and%20proper%20distances | In standard cosmology, comoving distance and proper distance (or physical distance) are two closely related distance measures used by cosmologists to define distances between objects. Comoving distance factors out the expansion of the universe, giving a distance that does not change in time due to the expansion of spac... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time%20and%20frequency%20transfer | Time and frequency transfer is a scheme where multiple sites share a precise reference time or frequency.
The technique is commonly used for creating and distributing standard time scales such as International Atomic Time (TAI).
Time transfer solves problems such as astronomical observatories correlating observed flas... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting | Sorting refers to ordering data in an increasing or decreasing manner according to some linear relationship among the data items.
ordering: arranging items in a sequence ordered by some criterion;
categorizing: grouping items with similar properties.
Ordering items is the combination of categorizing them based on equ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man-in-the-middle%20attack | In cryptography and computer security, a man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack is a cyberattack where the attacker secretly relays and possibly alters the communications between two parties who believe that they are directly communicating with each other, as the attacker has inserted themselves between the two parties.
One ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EDonkey2000 | eDonkey2000 (nicknamed "ed2k") was (is) a peer-to-peer file sharing application developed by US company MetaMachine (Jed McCaleb and Sam Yagan), using the Multisource File Transfer Protocol. It supported both the eDonkey2000 network and the Overnet network.
On September 28, 2005, eDonkey was discontinued following a c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%20linear%20group | In mathematics, the special linear group of degree n over a field F is the set of matrices with determinant 1, with the group operations of ordinary matrix multiplication and matrix inversion. This is the normal subgroup of the general linear group given by the kernel of the determinant
where F× is the multiplicativ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Treaty%20on%20Plant%20Genetic%20Resources%20for%20Food%20and%20Agriculture | The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (also known as ITPGRFA, International Seed Treaty or Plant Treaty), is a comprehensive international agreement in harmony with the Convention on Biological Diversity, which aims at guaranteeing food security through the conservation, exchange ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altair%208800 | The Altair 8800 is a microcomputer designed in 1974 by MITS and based on the Intel 8080 CPU. Interest grew quickly after it was featured on the cover of the January 1975 issue of Popular Electronics and was sold by mail order through advertisements there, in Radio-Electronics, and in other hobbyist magazines. According... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrafinitism | In the philosophy of mathematics, ultrafinitism (also known as ultraintuitionism, strict formalism, strict finitism, actualism, predicativism, and strong finitism) is a form of finitism and intuitionism. There are various philosophies of mathematics that are called ultrafinitism. A major identifying property common amo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIGABA | In the history of cryptography, the ECM Mark II was a cipher machine used by the United States for message encryption from World War II until the 1950s. The machine was also known as the SIGABA or Converter M-134 by the Army, or CSP-888/889 by the Navy, and a modified Navy version was termed the CSP-2900.
Like many ma... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML%20Metadata%20Interchange | The XML Metadata Interchange (XMI) is an Object Management Group (OMG) standard for exchanging metadata information via Extensible Markup Language (XML).
It can be used for any metadata whose metamodel can be expressed in Meta-Object Facility (MOF), a platform-independent model (PIM).
The most common use of XMI is as... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal%20ideal | In mathematics, specifically ring theory, a principal ideal is an ideal in a ring that is generated by a single element of through multiplication by every element of The term also has another, similar meaning in order theory, where it refers to an (order) ideal in a poset generated by a single element which is t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithmic%20efficiency | In computer science, algorithmic efficiency is a property of an algorithm which relates to the amount of computational resources used by the algorithm. An algorithm must be analyzed to determine its resource usage, and the efficiency of an algorithm can be measured based on the usage of different resources. Algorithmic... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedekind%20domain | In abstract algebra, a Dedekind domain or Dedekind ring, named after Richard Dedekind, is an integral domain in which every nonzero proper ideal factors into a product of prime ideals. It can be shown that such a factorization is then necessarily unique up to the order of the factors. There are at least three other c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel%20computing | Parallel computing is a type of computation in which many calculations or processes are carried out simultaneously. Large problems can often be divided into smaller ones, which can then be solved at the same time. There are several different forms of parallel computing: bit-level, instruction-level, data, and task para... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCI%20White | ASCI White was a supercomputer at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California, which was briefly the fastest supercomputer in the world.
It was a computer cluster based on IBM's commercial RS/6000 SP computer. 512 nodes were interconnected for ASCI White, with each node containing sixteen 375MHz IBM POWER... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspect-oriented%20programming | In computing, aspect-oriented programming (AOP) is a programming paradigm that aims to increase modularity by allowing the separation of cross-cutting concerns. It does so by adding behavior to existing code (an advice) without modifying the code itself, instead separately specifying which code is modified via a "point... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiophile | An audiophile (from + ) is a person who is enthusiastic about high-fidelity sound reproduction. An audiophile seeks to reproduce recorded music to achieve high sound quality, typically using closed headphones, in-ear monitors, open headphones in a quiet listening space, or stereo speakers in a room with good acoustics... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta-Object%20Facility | The Meta-Object Facility (MOF) is an Object Management Group (OMG) standard for model-driven engineering. Its purpose is to provide a type system for entities in the CORBA architecture and a set of interfaces through which those types can be created and manipulated.
MOF may be used for domain-driven software design and... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blitter | A blitter is a circuit, sometimes as a coprocessor or a logic block on a microprocessor, dedicated to the rapid movement and modification of data within a computer's memory. A blitter can copy large quantities of data from one memory area to another relatively quickly, and in parallel with the CPU, while freeing up the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XOR%20swap%20algorithm | In computer programming, the exclusive or swap (sometimes shortened to XOR swap) is an algorithm that uses the exclusive or bitwise operation to swap the values of two variables without using the temporary variable which is normally required.
The algorithm is primarily a novelty and a way of demonstrating properties o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prophase | Prophase () is the first stage of cell division in both mitosis and meiosis. Beginning after interphase, DNA has already been replicated when the cell enters prophase. The main occurrences in prophase are the condensation of the chromatin reticulum and the disappearance of the nucleolus.
Staining and microscopy
Micro... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hercules%20Graphics%20Card | The Hercules Graphics Card (HGC) is a computer graphics controller formerly made by Hercules Computer Technology, Inc. that combines IBM's text-only MDA display standard with a bitmapped graphics mode, also offering a parallel printer port. This allows the HGC to offer both high-quality text and graphics from a single ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOS | is a Morse code distress signal (), used internationally, originally established for maritime use. In formal notation is written with an overscore line, to indicate that the Morse code equivalents for the individual letters of "SOS" are transmitted as an unbroken sequence of three dots / three dashes / three dots, wit... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centralizer%20and%20normalizer | In mathematics, especially group theory, the centralizer (also called commutant) of a subset S in a group G is the set of elements of G that commute with every element of S, or equivalently, such that conjugation by leaves each element of S fixed. The normalizer of S in G is the set of elements of G that satisfy th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parts-per%20notation | In science and engineering, the parts-per notation is a set of pseudo-units to describe small values of miscellaneous dimensionless quantities, e.g. mole fraction or mass fraction. Since these fractions are quantity-per-quantity measures, they are pure numbers with no associated units of measurement. Commonly used are ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonlinear%20system | In mathematics and science, a nonlinear system (or a non-linear system) is a system in which the change of the output is not proportional to the change of the input. Nonlinear problems are of interest to engineers, biologists, physicists, mathematicians, and many other scientists since most systems are inherently nonli... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport%20layer | In computer networking, the transport layer is a conceptual division of methods in the layered architecture of protocols in the network stack in the Internet protocol suite and the OSI model. The protocols of this layer provide end-to-end communication services for applications. It provides services such as connection-... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overburden%20pressure | Pressure is force magnitude applied over an area. Overburden pressure is a geology term that denotes the pressure caused by the weight of the overlying layers of material at a specific depth under the earth's surface. Overburden pressure is also called lithostatic pressure, or vertical stress.
In a stratigraphic layer... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German%20submarine%20U-505 | U-505 is a German Type IXC submarine built for Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She was captured by the U.S. Navy on 4 June 1944.
In her uniquely unlucky career with the Kriegsmarine, she had the distinction of being the "most heavily damaged U-boat to successfully return to port" in World War II on her fou... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monotone%20convergence%20theorem | In the mathematical field of real analysis, the monotone convergence theorem is any of a number of related theorems proving the convergence of monotonic sequences (sequences that are non-decreasing or non-increasing) that are also bounded. Informally, the theorems state that if a sequence is increasing and bounded abov... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomb%20disposal | Bomb disposal is an explosives engineering profession using the process by which hazardous explosive devices are disabled or otherwise rendered safe. Bomb disposal is an all-encompassing term to describe the separate, but interrelated functions in the military fields of explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) and improvised ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senescence | Senescence () or biological aging is the gradual deterioration of functional characteristics in living organisms. The word senescence can refer to either cellular senescence or to senescence of the whole organism. Organismal senescence involves an increase in death rates and/or a decrease in fecundity with increasing a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monolayer | A monolayer is a single, closely packed layer of atoms, molecules, or cells. In some cases it is referred to as a self-assembled monolayer. Monolayers of layered crystals like graphene and molybdenum disulfide are generally called 2D materials.
Chemistry
A Langmuir monolayer or insoluble monolayer is a one-molecule ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JOHNNIAC | The JOHNNIAC was an early computer built by the RAND Corporation (not Remington Rand, maker of the contemporaneous UNIVAC I computer) and based on the von Neumann architecture that had been pioneered on the IAS machine. It was named in honor of von Neumann, short for John von Neumann Numerical Integrator and Automatic ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrence%20relation | In mathematics, a recurrence relation is an equation according to which the th term of a sequence of numbers is equal to some combination of the previous terms. Often, only previous terms of the sequence appear in the equation, for a parameter that is independent of ; this number is called the order of the relation.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephemeral%20port | An ephemeral port is a communications endpoint (port) of a transport layer protocol of the Internet protocol suite that is used for only a short period of time for the duration of a communication session. Such short-lived ports are allocated automatically within a predefined range of port numbers by the IP stack softwa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothermia | Hypothermia is defined as a body core temperature below in humans. Symptoms depend on the temperature. In mild hypothermia, there is shivering and mental confusion. In moderate hypothermia, shivering stops and confusion increases. In severe hypothermia, there may be hallucinations and paradoxical undressing, in which ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrey%20Yershov | Andrey Petrovich Yershov (; 19 April 1931, Moscow – 8 December 1988, Moscow) was a Soviet computer scientist, notable as a pioneer in systems programming and programming language research.
Donald Knuth considers him to have independently co-discovered the idea of hashing with linear probing. He also created one of th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum%20memory | Drum memory was a magnetic data storage device invented by Gustav Tauschek in 1932 in Austria. Drums were widely used in the 1950s and into the 1960s as computer memory.
Many early computers, called drum computers or drum machines, used drum memory as the main working memory of the computer. Some drums were also use... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVB | Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) is a set of international open standards for digital television. DVB standards are maintained by the DVB Project, an international industry consortium, and are published by a Joint Technical Committee (JTC) of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), European Committe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hysteresis | Hysteresis is the dependence of the state of a system on its history. For example, a magnet may have more than one possible magnetic moment in a given magnetic field, depending on how the field changed in the past. Plots of a single component of the moment often form a loop or hysteresis curve, where there are differen... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koch%27s%20postulates | Koch's postulates ( ) are four criteria designed to establish a causal relationship between a microbe and a disease. The postulates were formulated by Robert Koch and Friedrich Loeffler in 1884, based on earlier concepts described by Jakob Henle, and the statements were refined and published by Koch in 1890. Koch appli... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CQD | CQD (transmitted in Morse code as ) is one of the first distress signals adopted for radio use. On 7 January 1904 the Marconi International Marine Communication Company issued "Circular 57", which specified that, for the company's installations, beginning 1 February 1904 "the call to be given by ships in distress or in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20private%20network | A virtual private network (VPN) is a mechanism for creating a secure connection between a computing device and a computer network, or between two networks, using an insecure communication medium such as the public Internet.
A VPN can extend access to a private network (one that disallows or restricts public access) to... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video%20on%20demand | Video on demand (VOD) is a media distribution system that allows users to access videos, television shows and films without a traditional video playback device and a typical static broadcasting schedule. In the 20th century, broadcasting in the form of over-the-air programming was the most common form of media distribu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldbach%27s%20weak%20conjecture | In number theory, Goldbach's weak conjecture, also known as the odd Goldbach conjecture, the ternary Goldbach problem, or the 3-primes problem, states that
Every odd number greater than 5 can be expressed as the sum of three primes. (A prime may be used more than once in the same sum.)
This conjecture is called "wea... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integration%20by%20parts | In calculus, and more generally in mathematical analysis, integration by parts or partial integration is a process that finds the integral of a product of functions in terms of the integral of the product of their derivative and antiderivative. It is frequently used to transform the antiderivative of a product of funct... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BESM | BESM (БЭСМ) is the series of Soviet mainframe computers built in 1950–60s. The name is an acronym for "Bolshaya (or Bystrodeystvuyushchaya) Elektronno-schotnaya Mashina" ("Большая электронно-счётная машина" or "Быстродействующая электронно-счётная машина"), meaning "Big Electronic Computing Machine" or "High-Speed Ele... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%207090 | The IBM 7090 is a second-generation transistorized version of the earlier IBM 709 vacuum tube mainframe computer that was designed for "large-scale scientific and technological applications". The 7090 is the fourth member of the IBM 700/7000 series scientific computers. The first 7090 installation was in December 1959.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20relativistic%20equations | Following is a list of the frequently occurring equations in the theory of special relativity.
Postulates of Special Relativity
To derive the equations of special relativity, one must start with two other
The laws of physics are invariant under transformations between inertial frames. In other words, the laws of ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Token%20bus%20network | Token bus is a network implementing a Token Ring protocol over a virtual ring on a coaxial cable. A token is passed around the network nodes and only the node possessing the token may transmit. If a node doesn't have anything to send, the token is passed on to the next node on the virtual ring. Each node must know the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free%20variables%20and%20bound%20variables | In mathematics, and in other disciplines involving formal languages, including mathematical logic and computer science, a variable may be said to be either free or bound. The terms are opposites. A free variable is a notation (symbol) that specifies places in an expression where substitution may take place and is not a... |
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