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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popularity | In sociology, popularity is how much a person, idea, place, item or other concept is either liked or accorded status by other people. Liking can be due to reciprocal liking, interpersonal attraction, and similar factors. Social status can be due to dominance, superiority, and similar factors. For example, a kind person... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional%20calculus | Fractional calculus is a branch of mathematical analysis that studies the several different possibilities of defining real number powers or complex number powers of the differentiation operator
and of the integration operator
and developing a calculus for such operators generalizing the classical one.
In this co... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplicative%20inverse | In mathematics, a multiplicative inverse or reciprocal for a number x, denoted by 1/x or x−1, is a number which when multiplied by x yields the multiplicative identity, 1. The multiplicative inverse of a fraction a/b is b/a. For the multiplicative inverse of a real number, divide 1 by the number. For example, the recip... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scratching | Scratching, sometimes referred to as scrubbing, is a DJ and turntablist technique of moving a vinyl record back and forth on a turntable to produce percussive or rhythmic sounds. A crossfader on a DJ mixer may be used to fade between two records simultaneously.
While scratching is most associated with hip hop music, w... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented%20operating%20system | An object-oriented operating system is an operating system that is designed, structured, and operated using object-oriented programming principles.
An object-oriented operating system is in contrast to an object-oriented user interface or programming framework, which can be run on a non-object-oriented operating syste... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falling%20and%20rising%20factorials | In mathematics, the falling factorial (sometimes called the descending factorial, falling sequential product, or lower factorial) is defined as the polynomial
The rising factorial (sometimes called the Pochhammer function, Pochhammer polynomial, ascending factorial, rising sequential product, or upper factorial) is de... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wire%20bonding | Wire bonding is the method of making interconnections between an integrated circuit (IC) or other semiconductor device and its packaging during semiconductor device fabrication. Although less common, wire bonding can be used to connect an IC to other electronics or to connect from one printed circuit board (PCB) to an... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WinMX | WinMX (Windows Music Exchange) is a freeware peer-to-peer file sharing program authored in 2000 by Kevin Hearn (president of Frontcode Technologies) in Windsor, Ontario (Canada). According to one study, it was the number one source for online music in 2005 with an estimated 2.1 million users. Frontcode Technologies its... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball%20bonding | Ball bonding is a type of wire bonding, and is the most common way to make the electrical interconnections between a bare silicon die and the lead frame of the package it is placed in during semiconductor device fabrication.
Gold or copper wire can be used, though gold is more common because its oxide is not as proble... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keystone%20species | A keystone species is a species that has a disproportionately large effect on its natural environment relative to its abundance, a concept introduced in 1969 by the zoologist Robert T. Paine. Keystone species play a critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecological community, affecting many other organisms in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded%20operating%20system | An embedded operating system is an operating system for embedded computer systems. Embedded operating systems are computer systems designed to increase functionality and reliability for achieving a specific task. Depending on the method used for Computer multitasking, this type of operating system might be considered a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floyd%E2%80%93Warshall%20algorithm | In computer science, the Floyd–Warshall algorithm (also known as Floyd's algorithm, the Roy–Warshall algorithm, the Roy–Floyd algorithm, or the WFI algorithm) is an algorithm for finding shortest paths in a directed weighted graph with positive or negative edge weights (but with no negative cycles). A single execution ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade%20name | A trade name, trading name, or business name is a pseudonym used by companies that do not operate under their registered company name. The term for this type of alternative name is a "fictitious" business name. Registering the fictitious name with a relevant government body is often required.
In a number of countries,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opcode | In computing, an opcode (abbreviated from operation code, also known as instruction machine code, instruction code, instruction syllable, instruction parcel or opstring) is the portion of a machine language instruction that specifies the operation to be performed. Beside the opcode itself, most instructions also specif... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poincar%C3%A9%20group | The Poincaré group, named after Henri Poincaré (1906), was first defined by Hermann Minkowski (1908) as the group of Minkowski spacetime isometries. It is a ten-dimensional non-abelian Lie group that is of importance as a model in our understanding of the most basic fundamentals of physics.
Overview
A Minkowski spac... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minkowski%20space | In mathematical physics, Minkowski space (or Minkowski spacetime) () combines inertial space and time manifolds with a non-inertial reference frame of space and time into a four-dimensional model relating a position (inertial frame of reference) to the field. A four-vector (x,y,z,t) consists of a coordinate axes such a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz%20group | In physics and mathematics, the Lorentz group is the group of all Lorentz transformations of Minkowski spacetime, the classical and quantum setting for all (non-gravitational) physical phenomena. The Lorentz group is named for the Dutch physicist Hendrik Lorentz.
For example, the following laws, equations, and theorie... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbrus%20%28computer%29 | The Elbrus () is a line of Soviet and Russian computer systems developed by the Lebedev Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering. These computers are used in the space program, nuclear weapons research, and defense systems, as well as for theoretical and researching purposes, such as an experimental Re... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index%20of%20a%20subgroup | In mathematics, specifically group theory, the index of a subgroup H in a group G is the
number of left cosets of H in G, or equivalently, the number of right cosets of H in G.
The index is denoted or or .
Because G is the disjoint union of the left cosets and because each left coset has the same size as H, the inde... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper%20interconnects | In semiconductor technology, copper interconnects are interconnects made of copper. They are used in silicon integrated circuits (ICs) to reduce propagation delays and power consumption. Since copper is a better conductor than aluminium, ICs using copper for their interconnects can have interconnects with narrower dime... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DigiCipher%202 | DigiCipher 2, or simply DCII, is a proprietary standard format of digital signal transmission and it doubles as an encryption standard with MPEG-2/MPEG-4 signal video compression used on many communications satellite television and audio signals. The DCII standard was originally developed in 1997 by General Instrument,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security%20protocol%20notation | In cryptography, security (engineering) protocol notation, also known as protocol narrations and Alice & Bob notation, is a way of expressing a protocol of correspondence between entities of a dynamic system, such as a computer network. In the context of a formal model, it allows reasoning about the properties of such ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAPTCHA | A CAPTCHA ( ) is a type of challenge–response test used in computing to determine whether the user is human in order to deter bot attacks and spam.
The term was coined in 2003 by Luis von Ahn, Manuel Blum, Nicholas J. Hopper, and John Langford. It is a contrived acronym for "Completely Automated Public Turing test to ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akra%E2%80%93Bazzi%20method | In computer science, the Akra–Bazzi method, or Akra–Bazzi theorem, is used to analyze the asymptotic behavior of the mathematical recurrences that appear in the analysis of divide and conquer algorithms where the sub-problems have substantially different sizes. It is a generalization of the master theorem for divide-a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial%20television | Terrestrial television or over-the-air television (OTA) is a type of television broadcasting in which the signal transmission occurs via radio waves from the terrestrial (Earth-based) transmitter of a TV station to a TV receiver having an antenna. The term terrestrial is more common in Europe and Latin America, while i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multichannel%20multipoint%20distribution%20service | Multichannel multipoint distribution service (MMDS), formerly known as broadband radio service (BRS) and also known as wireless cable, is a wireless telecommunications technology, used for general-purpose broadband networking or, more commonly, as an alternative method of cable television programming reception.
MMDS i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four%20fours | Four fours is a mathematical puzzle, the goal of which is to find the simplest mathematical expression for every whole number from 0 to some maximum, using only common mathematical symbols and the digit four. No other digit is allowed. Most versions of the puzzle require that each expression have exactly four fours, bu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel%20capacity | Channel capacity, in electrical engineering, computer science, and information theory, is the tight upper bound on the rate at which information can be reliably transmitted over a communication channel.
Following the terms of the noisy-channel coding theorem, the channel capacity of a given channel is the highest info... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper%20engineering | Paper engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with the usage of physical science (e.g. chemistry and physics) and life sciences (e.g. biology and biochemistry) in conjunction with mathematics as applied to the converting of raw materials into useful paper products and co-products. The field applies various pr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo%20%28The%20Matrix%29 | Neo (born as Thomas A. Anderson, also known as The One, an anagram for Neo) is a fictional character and the protagonist of The Matrix franchise, created by the Wachowskis. He was portrayed as a cybercriminal and computer programmer by Keanu Reeves in the films, as well as having a cameo in The Animatrix short film Kid... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN%20bus | A Controller Area Network (CAN bus) is a vehicle bus standard designed to allow microcontrollers and devices to communicate with each other's applications without a host computer. It is a message-based protocol, designed originally for multiplex electrical wiring within automobiles to save on copper, but it can also be... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-noise%20block%20downconverter | A low-noise block downconverter (LNB) is the receiving device mounted on satellite dishes used for satellite TV reception, which collects the radio waves from the dish and converts them to a signal which is sent through a cable to the receiver inside the building. Also called a low-noise block, low-noise converter (LN... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modified%20discrete%20cosine%20transform | The modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) is a transform based on the type-IV discrete cosine transform (DCT-IV), with the additional property of being lapped: it is designed to be performed on consecutive blocks of a larger dataset, where subsequent blocks are overlapped so that the last half of one block coincide... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-modulus%20prescaler | A dual modulus prescaler is an electronic circuit used in high-frequency synthesizer designs to overcome the problem of generating narrowly spaced frequencies that are nevertheless too high to be passed directly through the feedback loop of the system. The modulus of a prescaler is its frequency divisor. A dual-modulu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selectivity%20%28radio%29 | Selectivity is a measure of the performance of a radio receiver to respond only to the radio signal it is tuned to (such as a radio station) and reject other signals nearby in frequency, such as another broadcast on an adjacent channel.
Selectivity is usually measured as a ratio in decibels (dB), comparing the signal ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmon | In physics, a plasmon is a quantum of plasma oscillation. Just as light (an optical oscillation) consists of photons, the plasma oscillation consists of plasmons. The plasmon can be considered as a quasiparticle since it arises from the quantization of plasma oscillations, just like phonons are quantizations of mechani... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications%20Security%20Establishment | The Communications Security Establishment (CSE; , CST), formerly (from 2008-2014) called the Communications Security Establishment Canada (CSEC), is the Government of Canada's national cryptologic agency. It is responsible for foreign signals intelligence (SIGINT) and communications security (COMSEC), protecting federa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismometer | A seismometer is an instrument that responds to ground noises and shaking such as caused by quakes, volcanic eruptions, and explosions. They are usually combined with a timing device and a recording device to form a seismograph. The output of such a device—formerly recorded on paper (see picture) or film, now recorded ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20emulators | This article lists software emulators.
Central processing units
ARM
ARMulator
Aemulor
QEMU
MIPS
SPIM: The OVPsim 500 mips MIPS32 emulator, can be used to develop software using virtual platforms, emulators including MIPS processors running at up to 500 MIPS for MIPS32 processors running many OSes including Linux. ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheduling%20%28computing%29 | In computing, scheduling is the action of assigning resources to perform tasks. The resources may be processors, network links or expansion cards. The tasks may be threads, processes or data flows.
The scheduling activity is carried out by a process called scheduler. Schedulers are often designed so as to keep all com... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCI%20Mezzanine%20Card | A PCI Mezzanine Card or PMC is a printed circuit board assembly manufactured to the IEEE P1386.1 standard. This standard combines the electrical characteristics of the PCI bus with the mechanical dimensions of the Common Mezzanine Card or CMC format (IEEE 1386 standard).
A mezzanine connector connects two parallel pri... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20radio | A crystal radio receiver, also called a crystal set, is a simple radio receiver, popular in the early days of radio. It uses only the power of the received radio signal to produce sound, needing no external power. It is named for its most important component, a crystal detector, originally made from a piece of crystall... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerically%20controlled%20oscillator | A numerically controlled oscillator (NCO) is a digital signal generator which creates a synchronous (i.e., clocked), discrete-time, discrete-valued representation of a waveform, usually sinusoidal. NCOs are often used in conjunction with a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) at the output to create a direct digital synth... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitally%20controlled%20oscillator | A digitally controlled oscillator or DCO is used in synthesizers, microcontrollers, and software-defined radios. The name is analogous with "voltage-controlled oscillator." DCOs were designed to overcome the tuning stability limitations of early VCO designs.
Confusion over terminology
The term "digitally controlled o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface-mount%20technology | Surface-mount technology (SMT), originally called planar mounting, is a method in which the electrical components are mounted directly onto the surface of a printed circuit board (PCB). An electrical component mounted in this manner is referred to as a surface-mount device (SMD). In industry, this approach has largely ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butyric%20acid | Butyric acid (; from , meaning "butter"), also known under the systematic name butanoic acid, is a straight-chain alkyl carboxylic acid with the chemical formula . It is an oily, colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor. Isobutyric acid (2-methylpropanoic acid) is an isomer. Salts and esters of butyric acid are known a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columns%20%28video%20game%29 | is a match-three puzzle video game released by Sega in 1990. Designed by Jay Geertsen, it was released by Sega for arcades and then ported to several Sega consoles. The game was subsequently ported to home computer platforms, including the Atari ST.
Gameplay
Columns was one of the many tile-matching puzzle games to ap... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor%20system | The motor system is the set of central and peripheral structures in the nervous system that support motor functions, i.e. movement. Peripheral structures may include skeletal muscles and neural connections with muscle tissues. Central structures include cerebral cortex, brainstem, spinal cord, pyramidal system includin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sneeze | A sneeze (also known as sternutation) is a semi-autonomous, convulsive expulsion of air from the lungs through the nose and mouth, usually caused by foreign particles irritating the nasal mucosa. A sneeze expels air forcibly from the mouth and nose in an explosive, spasmodic involuntary action. This action allows for m... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putrefaction | Putrefaction is the fifth stage of death, following pallor mortis, livor mortis, algor mortis, and rigor mortis. This process references the breaking down of a body of an animal post-mortem. In broad terms, it can be viewed as the decomposition of proteins, and the eventual breakdown of the cohesiveness between tissues... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reification%20%28computer%20science%29 | Reification is the process by which an abstract idea about a computer program is turned into an explicit data model or other object created in a programming language. A computable/addressable object—a resource—is created in a system as a proxy for a non computable/addressable object. By means of reification, something ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivation | Motivation is an internal state that propels individuals to engage in goal-directed behavior. It is often understood as a force that explains why people or animals initiate, continue, or terminate a certain behavior at a particular time. It is a complex phenomenon and its precise definition is disputed. It contrasts wi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand%27s%20postulate | In number theory, Bertrand's postulate is a theorem stating that for any integer , there always exists at least one prime number with
A less restrictive formulation is: for every , there is always at least one prime such that
Another formulation, where is the -th prime, is: for
This statement was first conject... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypergraph | In mathematics, a hypergraph is a generalization of a graph in which an edge can join any number of vertices. In contrast, in an ordinary graph, an edge connects exactly two vertices.
Formally, a directed hypergraph is a pair , where is a set of elements called nodes, vertices, points, or elements and is a set of pa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allele%20frequency | Allele frequency, or gene frequency, is the relative frequency of an allele (variant of a gene) at a particular locus in a population, expressed as a fraction or percentage. Specifically, it is the fraction of all chromosomes in the population that carry that allele over the total population or sample size. Microevolut... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble%20rot | Noble rot (; ; ; ) is the beneficial form of a grey fungus, Botrytis cinerea, affecting wine grapes. Infestation by Botrytis requires moist conditions, but if the weather stays wet, the damaging form, "grey rot", can destroy crops of grapes. Grapes typically become infected with Botrytis when they are ripe. If they are... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botrytis%20cinerea | Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus that affects many plant species, although its most notable hosts may be wine grapes. In viticulture, it is commonly known as "botrytis bunch rot"; in horticulture, it is usually called "grey mould" or "gray mold".
The fungus gives rise to two different kinds of infections on g... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum%20life%20span | Maximum life span (or, for humans, maximum reported age at death) is a measure of the maximum amount of time one or more members of a population have been observed to survive between birth and death. The term can also denote an estimate of the maximum amount of time that a member of a given species could survive betwee... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method%20%28computer%20programming%29 | A method in object-oriented programming (OOP) is a procedure associated with an object, and generally also a message. An object consists of state data and behavior; these compose an interface, which specifies how the object may be used. A method is a behavior of an object parametrized by a user.
Data is represented as... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics%20of%20paper%20folding | The discipline of origami or paper folding has received a considerable amount of mathematical study. Fields of interest include a given paper model's flat-foldability (whether the model can be flattened without damaging it), and the use of paper folds to solve up-to cubic mathematical equations.
Computational origami ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huzita%E2%80%93Hatori%20axioms | The Huzita–Justin axioms or Huzita–Hatori axioms are a set of rules related to the mathematical principles of origami, describing the operations that can be made when folding a piece of paper. The axioms assume that the operations are completed on a plane (i.e. a perfect piece of paper), and that all folds are linear. ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law%20of%20Demeter | The Law of Demeter (LoD) or principle of least knowledge is a design guideline for developing software, particularly object-oriented programs. In its general form, the LoD is a specific case of loose coupling. The guideline was proposed by Ian Holland at Northeastern University towards the end of 1987, and the followin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degeneracy%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, a degenerate case is a limiting case of a class of objects which appears to be qualitatively different from (and usually simpler than) the rest of the class, and the term degeneracy is the condition of being a degenerate case.
The definitions of many classes of composite or structured objects often imp... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubic%20foot | The cubic foot (symbol ft3 or cu ft) is an imperial and US customary (non-metric) unit of volume, used in the United States and the United Kingdom. It is defined as the volume of a cube with sides of one foot () in length. Its volume is (about of a cubic metre).
Conversions
Symbols and abbreviations
The IEEE symbo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blight | Blight refers to a specific symptom affecting plants in response to infection by a pathogenic organism.
Description
Blight is a rapid and complete chlorosis, browning, then death of plant tissues such as leaves, branches, twigs, or floral organs. Accordingly, many diseases that primarily exhibit this symptom are call... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round-robin%20scheduling | Round-robin (RR) is one of the algorithms employed by process and network schedulers in computing.
As the term is generally used, time slices (also known as time quanta) are assigned to each process in equal portions and in circular order, handling all processes without priority (also known as cyclic executive). Round-... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless%20transaction%20protocol | Wireless transaction protocol (WTP) is a standard used in mobile telephony. It is a layer of the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) that is intended to bring Internet access to mobile phones. WTP provides functions similar to TCP, except that WTP has reduced amount of information needed for each transaction (e.g. doe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbilical%20cord | In placental mammals, the umbilical cord (also called the navel string, birth cord or funiculus umbilicalis) is a conduit between the developing embryo or fetus and the placenta. During prenatal development, the umbilical cord is physiologically and genetically part of the fetus and (in humans) normally contains two ar... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borwein%27s%20algorithm | In mathematics, Borwein's algorithm is an algorithm devised by Jonathan and Peter Borwein to calculate the value of . They devised several other algorithms. They published the book Pi and the AGM – A Study in Analytic Number Theory and Computational Complexity.
Ramanujan–Sato series
These two are examples of a Ramanu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20food | Local food is food that is produced within a short distance of where it is consumed, often accompanied by a social structure and supply chain different from the large-scale supermarket system.
Local food (or locavore) movements aim to connect food producers and consumers in the same geographic region, to develop more ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-player%20game | A zero-player game or no-player game is a simulation game that has no sentient players.
Types
There are various different types of games that can be considered "zero-player".
Determined by initial state
A game that evolves as determined by its initial state, requiring no further input from humans is considered a ze... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachometer | A tachometer (revolution-counter, tach, rev-counter, RPM gauge) is an instrument measuring the rotation speed of a shaft or disk, as in a motor or other machine. The device usually displays the revolutions per minute (RPM) on a calibrated analogue dial, but digital displays are increasingly common.
The word comes from... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine%20learning | Machine learning (ML) is a field of study in artificial intelligence concerned with the development and study of statistical algorithms that can effectively generalize and thus perform tasks without explicit instructions. Recently, generative artificial neural networks have been able to surpass many previous approaches... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilottone | Pilottone (or Pilotone) and the related neo-pilotone are special synchronization signals recorded by analog audio recorders designed for use in motion picture production, to keep sound and film recorded on separate media (otherwise known as double system recording) synchronised. Before the adoption of timecode by the m... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dormancy | Dormancy is a period in an organism's life cycle when growth, development, and (in animals) physical activity are temporarily stopped. This minimizes metabolic activity and therefore helps an organism to conserve energy. Dormancy tends to be closely associated with environmental conditions. Organisms can synchronize en... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational%20unified%20process | The rational unified process (RUP) is an iterative software development process framework created by the Rational Software Corporation, a division of IBM since 2003. RUP is not a single concrete prescriptive process, but rather an adaptable process framework, intended to be tailored by the development organizations and... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical%20Earth | Spherical Earth or Earth's curvature refers to the approximation of the figure of the Earth as a sphere.
The earliest documented mention of the concept dates from around the 5th century BC, when it appears in the writings of Greek philosophers. In the 3rd century BC, Hellenistic astronomy established the roughly spheri... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%20Geodetic%20System | The World Geodetic System (WGS) is a standard used in cartography, geodesy, and satellite navigation including GPS. The current version, WGS 84, defines an Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system and a geodetic datum, and also describes the associated Earth Gravitational Model (EGM) and World Magnetic Model (WMM)... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20geodesy | The history of geodesy (/dʒiːˈɒdɪsi/), concerning developments in measuring and representing the planet Earth, began during antiquity and ultimately blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment.
Many early conceptions of the Earth held it to be flat, with the heavens being a physical dome spanning over it. Early arguments... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure%20of%20the%20Earth | In geodesy, the figure of the Earth is the size and shape used to model planet Earth. The kind of figure depends on application, including the precision needed for the model. A spherical Earth is a well-known historical approximation that is satisfactory for geography, astronomy and many other purposes. Several models ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontifex%20%28project%29 | PONTIFEX (Planning Of Non-specific Transportation by an Intelligent Fleet EXpert) was a mid-1980s project that introduced a novel approach to complex aircraft fleet scheduling, partially funded by the European Commission's Strategic Programme for R&D in Information Technology.
Since the mathematical problems stemming ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra-high-temperature%20processing | Ultra-high temperature processing (UHT), ultra-heat treatment, or ultra-pasteurization is a food processing technology that sterilizes liquid food by heating it above – the temperature required to kill bacterial endospores – for 2 to 5 seconds. UHT is most commonly used in milk production, but the process is also used... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HiperLAN | HiperLAN (High Performance Radio LAN) is a wireless LAN standard. It is a European alternative for the IEEE 802.11 standards. It is defined by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). In ETSI the standards are defined by the BRAN project (Broadband Radio Access Networks). The HiperLAN standard famil... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-pattern | An anti-pattern in software engineering, project management, and business processes is a common response to a recurring problem that is usually ineffective and risks being highly counterproductive. The term, coined in 1995 by computer programmer Andrew Koenig, was inspired by the book Design Patterns (which highlights ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregate%20pattern | An Aggregate pattern can refer to concepts in either statistics or computer programming. Both uses deal with considering a large case as composed of smaller, simpler, pieces.
Statistics
An aggregate pattern is an important statistical concept in many fields that rely on statistics to predict the behavior of large gro... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assertion%20%28software%20development%29 | In computer programming, specifically when using the imperative programming paradigm, an assertion is a predicate (a Boolean-valued function over the state space, usually expressed as a logical proposition using the variables of a program) connected to a point in the program, that always should evaluate to true at that... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boat%20anchor%20%28metaphor%29 | In amateur radio and computing, a boat anchor or boatanchor is something obsolete, useless, and cumbersome – so-called because metaphorically its only productive use is to be thrown into the water as a boat mooring. Terms such as brick, doorstop, and paperweight are similar.
Amateur radio
In amateur radio, a boat anc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative%20cache | In computer programming, negative cache is a cache that also stores "negative" responses, i.e. failures. This means that a program remembers the result indicating a failure even after the cause has been corrected. Usually negative cache is a design choice, but it can also be a software bug.
Examples
Consider a web bro... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code%20smell | In computer programming, a code smell is any characteristic in the source code of a program that possibly indicates a deeper problem. Determining what is and is not a code smell is subjective, and varies by language, developer, and development methodology.
The term was popularised by Kent Beck on WardsWiki in the late... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image%20response | Image response (or more correctly, image response rejection ratio, or IMRR) is a measure of performance of a radio receiver that operates on the superheterodyne principle.
In such a radio receiver, a local oscillator (LO) is used to heterodyne or "beat" against the incoming radio frequency (RF), generating sum and di... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic%20gain%20control | Automatic gain control (AGC) is a closed-loop feedback regulating circuit in an amplifier or chain of amplifiers, the purpose of which is to maintain a suitable signal amplitude at its output, despite variation of the signal amplitude at the input. The average or peak output signal level is used to dynamically adjust t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copy-and-paste%20programming | Copy-and-paste programming, sometimes referred to as just pasting, is the production of highly repetitive computer programming code, as produced by copy and paste operations. It is primarily a pejorative term; those who use the term are often implying a lack of programming competence. It may also be the result of tech... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20filter | A crystal filter allows some frequencies to 'pass' through an electrical circuit while attenuating undesired frequencies. An electronic filter can use quartz crystals as resonator components of a filter circuit. Quartz crystals are piezoelectric, so their mechanical characteristics can affect electronic circuits (see ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concern%20%28computer%20science%29 | In computer science, a concern is a particular set of information that has an effect on the code of a computer program. A concern can be as general as the details of database interaction or as specific as performing a primitive calculation, depending on the level of conversation between developers and the program being... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product%20bundling | In marketing, product bundling is offering several products or services for sale as one combined product or service package. It is a common feature in many imperfectly competitive product and service markets. Industries engaged in the practice include telecommunications services, financial services, health care, inform... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graham%27s%20number | Graham's number is an immense number that arose as an upper bound on the answer of a problem in the mathematical field of Ramsey theory. It is much larger than many other large numbers such as Skewes's number and Moser's number, both of which are in turn much larger than a googolplex. As with these, it is so large that... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation%20of%20concerns | In computer science, separation of concerns is a design principle for separating a computer program into distinct sections. Each section addresses a separate concern, a set of information that affects the code of a computer program. A concern can be as general as "the details of the hardware for an application", or as ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automorphic%20number | In mathematics, an automorphic number (sometimes referred to as a circular number) is a natural number in a given number base whose square "ends" in the same digits as the number itself.
Definition and properties
Given a number base , a natural number with digits is an automorphic number if is a fixed point of the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptocephalus | Leptocephalus (meaning "slim head") is the flat and transparent larva of the eel, marine eels, and other members of the superorder Elopomorpha. This is one of the most diverse groups of teleosts, containing 801 species in 4 orders, 24 families, and 156 genera. This group is thought to have arisen in the Cretaceous peri... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XM%20%28file%20format%29 | XM, standing for "extended module", is an audio file type introduced by Triton's FastTracker 2. XM introduced multisampling-capable instruments with volume and panning envelopes, sample looping and basic pattern compression. It also expanded the available effect commands and channels, added 16-bit sample support, and o... |
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