source
stringlengths
31
203
text
stringlengths
28
2k
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serotype
A serotype or serovar is a distinct variation within a species of bacteria or virus or among immune cells of different individuals. These microorganisms, viruses, or cells are classified together based on their surface antigens, allowing the epidemiologic classification of organisms to the subspecies level. A group of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula%20Student
Formula Student is a student engineering competition held annually all over the world. Student teams from around the world design, build, test, and race a small-scale formula style racing car. The cars are judged on a number of criteria as listed below. It is run by the Institution of Mechanical Engineers and uses the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless%20Transport%20Layer%20Security
Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS) is a security protocol, part of the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) stack. It sits between the WTP and WDP layers in the WAP communications stack. Overview WTLS is derived from TLS. WTLS uses similar semantics adapted for a low bandwidth mobile device. The main changes ar...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keystone%20Kapers
Keystone Kapers is a platform game developed by Garry Kitchen for Activision and published for the Atari 2600 in April 1983. It was ported to the Atari 5200, Atari 8-bit family, ColecoVision, and in 1984, MSX. Inspired by Mack Sennett's slapstick Keystone Cops series of silent films, the object of the game is for Offic...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doujin%20soft
is software created by Japanese hobbyists or hobbyist groups (referred to as "circles"), more for fun than for profit. The term includes digital , which are essentially the Japanese equivalent of independent video games or fangames (the term "doujin game" also includes things like doujin-made board games and card games...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robustness%20principle
In computing, the robustness principle is a design guideline for software that states: "be conservative in what you do, be liberal in what you accept from others". It is often reworded as: "be conservative in what you send, be liberal in what you accept". The principle is also known as Postel's law, after Jon Postel, w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time%20reversibility
A mathematical or physical process is time-reversible if the dynamics of the process remain well-defined when the sequence of time-states is reversed. A deterministic process is time-reversible if the time-reversed process satisfies the same dynamic equations as the original process; in other words, the equations are ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puzzle%20jewelry
A piece of puzzle jewelry is a puzzle which can be worn by a person as jewelry. These puzzles can be both fully mechanically functional and aesthetically pleasing as pieces of wearable jewelry. Examples of available puzzle jewelry The following list implies that a small version of the cited puzzle is available with s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puzzle%20ring
A puzzle ring is a jewelry ring made up of multiple interconnected bands, which is a type of mechanical puzzle most likely developed as an elaboration of the European gimmal ring. The puzzle ring is also sometimes called a "Turkish wedding ring" or "harem ring." According to popular legend, the ring would be given by...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axial%20ratio
Axial ratio, for any structure or shape with two or more axes, is the ratio of the length (or magnitude) of those axes to each other - the longer axis divided by the shorter. In chemistry or materials science, the axial ratio (symbol P) is used to describe rigid rod-like molecules. It is defined as the length of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperstructure
Hyperstructures are algebraic structures equipped with at least one multi-valued operation, called a hyperoperation. The largest classes of the hyperstructures are the ones called – structures. A hyperoperation on a nonempty set is a mapping from to the nonempty power set , meaning the set of all nonempty subsets ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friis%20formulas%20for%20noise
Friis formula or Friis's formula (sometimes Friis' formula), named after Danish-American electrical engineer Harald T. Friis, is either of two formulas used in telecommunications engineering to calculate the signal-to-noise ratio of a multistage amplifier. One relates to noise factor while the other relates to noise te...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sum-free%20sequence
In mathematics, a sum-free sequence is an increasing sequence of positive integers, such that no term can be represented as a sum of any subset of the preceding elements of the sequence. This differs from a sum-free set, where only pairs of sums must be avoided, but where those sums may come from the whole set r...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relocation%20%28computing%29
Relocation is the process of assigning load addresses for position-dependent code and data of a program and adjusting the code and data to reflect the assigned addresses. Prior to the advent of multiprocess systems, and still in many embedded systems, the addresses for objects were absolute starting at a known location...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuttle%20%28weaving%29
A shuttle is a tool designed to neatly and compactly store a holder that carries the thread of the weft yarn while weaving with a loom. Shuttles are thrown or passed back and forth through the shed, between the yarn threads of the warp in order to weave in the weft. The simplest shuttles, known as "stick shuttles", ar...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIMES
DIMES (Distributed Internet Measurements & Simulations) was a subproject of the EVERGROW Integrated Project in the EU Information Society Technologies, Future and Emerging Technologies programme. It studied the structure and topology of the Internet to obtain map and annotate it with delay, loss and link capacity. DI...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokia%20770%20Internet%20Tablet
The Nokia 770 Internet Tablet is a wireless Internet appliance from Nokia, originally announced at the LinuxWorld Summit in New York City on 25 May 2005. It is designed for wireless Internet browsing and email functions and includes software such as Internet radio, an RSS news reader, ebook reader, image viewer and med...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decoding%20methods
In coding theory, decoding is the process of translating received messages into codewords of a given code. There have been many common methods of mapping messages to codewords. These are often used to recover messages sent over a noisy channel, such as a binary symmetric channel. Notation is considered a binary code ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6bone
The 6bone was a testbed for Internet Protocol version 6; it was an outgrowth of the IETF IPng project that created the IPv6 protocols intended to eventually replace the current Internet network layer protocols known as IPv4. The 6bone was started outside the official IETF process at the March 1996 IETF meetings, and be...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed%20object
In distributed computing, distributed objects are objects (in the sense of object-oriented programming) that are distributed across different address spaces, either in different processes on the same computer, or even in multiple computers connected via a network, but which work together by sharing data and invoking me...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20Management%20Interface
Local Management Interface (LMI) is a term for some signaling standards used in networks, namely Frame Relay and Carrier Ethernet. Frame Relay LMI is a set of signalling standards between routers and Frame Relay switches. Communication takes place between a router and the first Frame Relay switch to which it is conne...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-memory%20database
An in-memory database (IMDB, or main memory database system (MMDB) or memory resident database) is a database management system that primarily relies on main memory for computer data storage. It is contrasted with database management systems that employ a disk storage mechanism. In-memory databases are faster than disk...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture%20of%20Windows%20NT
The architecture of Windows NT, a line of operating systems produced and sold by Microsoft, is a layered design that consists of two main components, user mode and kernel mode. It is a preemptive, reentrant multitasking operating system, which has been designed to work with uniprocessor and symmetrical multiprocessor (...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WeatherBug
WeatherBug is a brand based in New York City, that provides location-based advertising to businesses. WeatherBug consists of a mobile app reporting live and forecast data on hyperlocal weather to consumer users. History Originally owned by Automated Weather Source, the WeatherBug brand was founded by Bob Marshall and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henderson%20limit
The Henderson limit is the X-ray dose (energy per unit mass) a cryo-cooled crystal can absorb before the diffraction pattern decays to half of its original intensity. Its value is defined as 2 × 107 Gy (J/kg). Decay of diffraction patterns with increasing X-ray dose Although the process is still not fully understood, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puzzle%20box
A puzzle box (also called a secret box or trick box) is a box that can be opened only by solving a puzzle. Some require only a simple move and others a series of discoveries. Modern puzzle boxes developed from furniture and jewelry boxes with secret compartments and hidden openings, known since the Renaissance. Puzzle...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek%20letters%20used%20in%20mathematics%2C%20science%2C%20and%20engineering
Greek letters are used in mathematics, science, engineering, and other areas where mathematical notation is used as symbols for constants, special functions, and also conventionally for variables representing certain quantities. In these contexts, the capital letters and the small letters represent distinct and unrelat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indel
Indel (insertion-deletion) is a molecular biology term for an insertion or deletion of bases in the genome of an organism. Indels ≥ 50 bases in length are classified as structural variants. In coding regions of the genome, unless the length of an indel is a multiple of 3, it will produce a frameshift mutation. For exa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists%20of%20microcomputers
For an overview of microcomputers of different kinds, see the following lists of microcomputers: List of early microcomputers List of home computers List of home computers by video hardware Lists of computer hardware
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ettercap%20%28software%29
Ettercap is a free and open source network security tool for man-in-the-middle attacks on a LAN. It can be used for computer network protocol analysis and security auditing. It runs on various Unix-like operating systems including Linux, Mac OS X, BSD and Solaris, and on Microsoft Windows. It is capable of intercepting...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phi%20Sigma%20Rho
Phi Sigma Rho (; also known as Phi Rho or PSR) is a social sorority for individuals who identify as female or non-binary in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. The sorority was founded in 1984 at Purdue University. It has since expanded to more than 40 colleges across the United States. History Phi Sigm...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20dodecahedron
A Roman dodecahedron or Gallo-Roman dodecahedron is a small hollow object made of copper alloy which has been cast into a regular dodecahedral shape: twelve flat pentagonal faces, each face having a circular hole of varying diameter in the middle, the holes connecting to the hollow center. Roman dodecahedra date from t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link%20budget
A link budget is an accounting of all of the power gains and losses that a communication signal experiences in a telecommunication system; from a transmitter, through a communication medium such as radio waves, cable, waveguide, or optical fiber, to the receiver. It is an equation giving the received power from the tr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewal%20theory
Renewal theory is the branch of probability theory that generalizes the Poisson process for arbitrary holding times. Instead of exponentially distributed holding times, a renewal process may have any independent and identically distributed (IID) holding times that have finite mean. A renewal-reward process additionally...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound%20transmission%20class
Sound Transmission Class (or STC) is an integer rating of how well a building partition attenuates airborne sound. In the US, it is widely used to rate interior partitions, ceilings, floors, doors, windows and exterior wall configurations. Outside the US, the ISO Sound Reduction Index (SRI) is used. The STC rating ver...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammerhead%20Networks
Hammerhead Networks was a computer networking company based in Billerica, Massachusetts. It produced software solutions for the delivery of Internet Protocol service features. History It was founded in April 2000 by Eddie Sullivan, who also served as its CEO. It was acquired by Cisco Systems on May 1, 2002, in a sto...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logos%20Dictionary
Logos Dictionary is a large multilingual online dictionary provided by Logos Group, a European translation company. It was started in 1995, and as of 2005 contains over 7 million terms in over 200 languages, some of them minority languages as Breton, Leonese, Scots or Venetian. The dictionary offers a variety of sear...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperWRT
HyperWRT is a GPL firmware project for the Linksys WRT54G and WRT54GS wireless routers based on the stock Linksys firmware. The original goal of the HyperWRT project was to add a set of features—such as power boost—to the latest Linux-based Linksys firmware, extending its possibilities but staying close to the official...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moyal%20product
In mathematics, the Moyal product (after José Enrique Moyal; also called the star product or Weyl–Groenewold product, after Hermann Weyl and Hilbrand J. Groenewold) is an example of a phase-space star product. It is an associative, non-commutative product, , on the functions on , equipped with its Poisson bracket (wit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical%20period
In developmental psychology and developmental biology, a critical period is a maturational stage in the lifespan of an organism during which the nervous system is especially sensitive to certain environmental stimuli. If, for some reason, the organism does not receive the appropriate stimulus during this "critical peri...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows%20Live%20OneCare
Windows Live OneCare (previously Windows OneCare Live, codenamed A1) was a computer security and performance enhancement service developed by Microsoft for Windows. A core technology of OneCare was the multi-platform RAV (Reliable Anti-virus), which Microsoft purchased from GeCAD Software Srl in 2003, but subsequently ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Account%20aggregation
Account aggregation sometimes also known as financial data aggregation is a method that involves compiling information from different accounts, which may include bank accounts, credit card accounts, investment accounts, and other consumer or business accounts, into a single place. This may be provided through connectin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat%20capacity%20ratio
In thermal physics and thermodynamics, the heat capacity ratio, also known as the adiabatic index, the ratio of specific heats, or Laplace's coefficient, is the ratio of the heat capacity at constant pressure () to heat capacity at constant volume (). It is sometimes also known as the isentropic expansion factor and is...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan%20TV%20Tower
Yerevan TV Tower (, Yerevani herustaashtarak) is a high lattice tower built in 1977 on Nork Hill near downtown Yerevan, Armenia. It is the tallest structure in the Caucasus, fourth-tallest tower in Western Asia (The Milad Tower in Tehran being the tallest), sixth-tallest free-standing lattice tower and thirty-eighth-t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion%20control
Motion control is a sub-field of automation, encompassing the systems or sub-systems involved in moving parts of machines in a controlled manner. Motion control systems are extensively used in a variety of fields for automation purposes, including precision engineering, micromanufacturing, biotechnology, and nanotechno...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent%20type
In computer science and logic, a dependent type is a type whose definition depends on a value. It is an overlapping feature of type theory and type systems. In intuitionistic type theory, dependent types are used to encode logic's quantifiers like "for all" and "there exists". In functional programming languages like A...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elan%20Graphics
Elan Graphics is a computer graphics architecture for Silicon Graphics computer workstations. Elan Graphics was developed in 1991 and was available as a high-end graphics option on workstations released during the mid-1990s as part of the Express Graphics architectures family. Elan Graphics gives the workstation real-t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarro%20Networks
Navarro Networks, Inc., was a developer of Ethernet-based ASIC components based in Plano, Texas, in the United States. They produced a network processor for Ethernet and other applications. Navarro Networks was founded in 2000. Their CEO was Mark Bluhm, who was formerly a vice president at Cyrix. A group of nine em...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20reporting%20software
The following is a list of notable report generator software. Reporting software is used to generate human-readable reports from various data sources. Commercial software ActiveReports Actuate Corporation BOARD Business Objects Cognos BI Crystal Reports CyberQuery GoodData icCube I-net Crystal-Clear InetSo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TrueOS
TrueOS (formerly PC-BSD or PCBSD) is a discontinued Unix-like, server-oriented operating system built upon the most recent releases of FreeBSD-CURRENT. Up to 2018 it aimed to be easy to install by using a graphical installation program, and easy and ready-to-use immediately by providing KDE SC, Lumina, LXDE, MATE, or...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crowbar%20%28circuit%29
A crowbar circuit is an electrical circuit used for preventing an overvoltage or surge condition of a power supply unit from damaging the circuits attached to the power supply. It operates by putting a short circuit or low resistance path across the voltage output (Vo), like dropping a crowbar across the output termina...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoxolone
Enoxolone (INN, BAN; also known as glycyrrhetinic acid or glycyrrhetic acid) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid derivative of the beta-amyrin type obtained from the hydrolysis of glycyrrhizic acid, which was obtained from the herb liquorice. It is used in flavoring and it masks the bitter taste of drugs like aloe and quinin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent%20ML
Dependent ML is an experimental functional programming language proposed by Hongwei Xi and Frank Pfenning. Dependent ML extends ML by a restricted notion of dependent types: types may be dependent on static indices of type Nat (natural numbers). Dependent ML employs a constraint theorem prover to decide a strong equat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical%20point%20%28thermodynamics%29
In thermodynamics, a critical point (or critical state) is the end point of a phase equilibrium curve. One example is the liquid–vapor critical point, the end point of the pressure–temperature curve that designates conditions under which a liquid and its vapor can coexist. At higher temperatures, the gas cannot be liqu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical%20point%20%28mathematics%29
Critical point is a term used in many branches of mathematics. When dealing with functions of a real variable, a critical point is a point in the domain of the function where the function is either not differentiable or the derivative is equal to zero. Similarly, when dealing with complex variables, a critical point i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme%20Graphics
Extreme Graphics is a computer graphics architecture for Silicon Graphics computer workstations. Extreme Graphics was developed in 1993 and was available as a high-end graphics option on workstations such as the Indigo2, released during the mid-1990s. Extreme Graphics gives the workstation real-time 2D and 3D graphics ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APC%20by%20Schneider%20Electric
APC by Schneider Electric (formerly American Power Conversion Corporation) is a manufacturer of uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), electronics peripherals, and data center products. In 2007, Schneider Electric acquired APC and combined it with MGE UPS Systems to form Schneider Electric's Critical Power & Cooling Se...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinnacle%20Studio
Pinnacle Studio is a video editing program originally developed by Pinnacle Systems as consumer-level software. Upon Pinnacle System's acquisition of Munich-based FAST Multimedia, Pinnacle integrated the professional code base of FAST's editing software, (since re-branded as Pinnacle Liquid) beginning with Pinnacle Stu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCI-SIG
PCI-SIG, or Peripheral Component Interconnect Special Interest Group, is an electronics industry consortium responsible for specifying the Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI), PCI-X, and PCI Express (PCIe) computer buses. It is based in Beaverton, Oregon. The PCI-SIG is distinct from the similarly named and adjace...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperTransport%20Consortium
The HyperTransport Consortium is an industry consortium responsible for specifying and promoting the computer bus technology called HyperTransport. Organizational form The Technical Working Group along with several Task Forces manage the HyperTransport specification and drive new developments. A Marketing Working Gro...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link%20aggregation
In computer networking, link aggregation is the combining (aggregating) of multiple network connections in parallel by any of several methods. Link aggregation increases total throughput beyond what a single connection could sustain, and provides redundancy where all but one of the physical links may fail without losi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freifunk
Freifunk (German for: "free radio") is a non-commercial open grassroots initiative to support free computer networks in the German region. Freifunk is part of the international movement for a wireless community network. The initiative counts about 400 local communities with over 41,000 access points. Among them, Münste...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redundancy%20%28engineering%29
In engineering and systems theory, redundancy is the intentional duplication of critical components or functions of a system with the goal of increasing reliability of the system, usually in the form of a backup or fail-safe, or to improve actual system performance, such as in the case of GNSS receivers, or multi-threa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redundancy%20%28information%20theory%29
In information theory, redundancy measures the fractional difference between the entropy of an ensemble , and its maximum possible value . Informally, it is the amount of wasted "space" used to transmit certain data. Data compression is a way to reduce or eliminate unwanted redundancy, while forward error correction i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global%20Information%20Grid
The Global Information Grid (GIG) is a network of information transmission and processing maintained by the United States Department of Defense. More descriptively, it is a worldwide network of information transmission, of associated processes, and of personnel serving to collect, process, safeguard, transmit, and mana...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford%20Research%20Institute%20Problem%20Solver
The Stanford Research Institute Problem Solver, known by its acronym STRIPS, is an automated planner developed by Richard Fikes and Nils Nilsson in 1971 at SRI International. The same name was later used to refer to the formal language of the inputs to this planner. This language is the base for most of the languages f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackathon
A hackathon (also known as a hack day, hackfest, datathon or codefest; a portmanteau of hacking and marathon) is an event where people engage in rapid and collaborative engineering over a relatively short period of time such as 24 or 48 hours. They are often run using agile software development practices, such as sprin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredholm%27s%20theorem
In mathematics, Fredholm's theorems are a set of celebrated results of Ivar Fredholm in the Fredholm theory of integral equations. There are several closely related theorems, which may be stated in terms of integral equations, in terms of linear algebra, or in terms of the Fredholm operator on Banach spaces. The Fredh...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipofuscin
Lipofuscin is the name given to fine yellow-brown pigment granules composed of lipid-containing residues of lysosomal digestion. It is considered to be one of the aging or "wear-and-tear" pigments, found in the liver, kidney, heart muscle, retina, adrenals, nerve cells, and ganglion cells. Formation and turnover Lipo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product%20order
In mathematics, given a partial order and on a set and , respectively, the product order (also called the coordinatewise order or componentwise order) is a partial ordering on the Cartesian product Given two pairs and in declare that if and Another possible ordering on is the lexicographical order, which ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%20DeMarco
Tom DeMarco (born August 20, 1940) is an American software engineer, author, and consultant on software engineering topics. He was an early developer of structured analysis in the 1970s. Early life and education Tom DeMarco was born in Hazleton, Pennsylvania. He received a BSEE degree in Electrical Engineering from C...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan%20film
A fan film is a film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book, book, or video game created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoconformer
Osmoconformers are marine organisms that maintain an internal environment which is isotonic to their external environment. This means that the osmotic pressure of the organism's cells is equal to the osmotic pressure of their surrounding environment. By minimizing the osmotic gradient, this subsequently minimizes the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brookings%20Report
Proposed Studies on the Implications of Peaceful Space Activities for Human Affairs, often referred to as "the Brookings Report", was a 1960 report commissioned by NASA and created by the Brookings Institution in collaboration with NASA's Committee on Long-Range Studies. It was submitted to the House Committee on Scie...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAAC
FAAC or Freeware Advanced Audio Coder is a software project which includes the AAC encoder FAAC and decoder FAAD2. It supports MPEG-2 AAC as well as MPEG-4 AAC. It supports several MPEG-4 Audio object types (LC, Main, LTP for encoding and SBR, PS, ER, LD for decoding), file formats (ADTS AAC, raw AAC, MP4), multichanne...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzy%20electronics
Fuzzy electronics is an electronic technology that uses fuzzy logic, instead of the two-state Boolean logic more commonly used in digital electronics. Fuzzy electronics is fuzzy logic implemented on dedicated hardware. This is to be compared with fuzzy logic implemented in software running on a conventional processor....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amyloid%20beta
Amyloid beta (Aβ or Abeta) denotes peptides of 36–43 amino acids that are the main component of the amyloid plaques found in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease. The peptides derive from the amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP), which is cleaved by beta secretase and gamma secretase to yield Aβ in a cholester...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanguard%20%28microkernel%29
Vanguard is a discontinued experimental microkernel developed at Apple Computer, in the research-oriented Apple Advanced Technology Group (ATG) in the early 1990s. Based on the V-System, Vanguard introduced standardized object identifiers and a unique message chaining system for improved performance. Vanguard was not u...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Location%20transparency
In computer networks, location transparency is the use of names to identify network resources, rather than their actual location. For example, files are accessed by a unique file name, but the actual data is stored in physical sectors scattered around a disk in either the local computer or in a network. In a location t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error%20catastrophe
Error catastrophe refers to the cumulative loss of genetic information in a lineage of organisms due to high mutation rates. The mutation rate above which error catastrophe occurs is called the error threshold. Both terms were coined by Manfred Eigen in his mathematical evolutionary theory of the quasispecies. The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMachines%20eOne
The eOne is an all-in-one desktop computer that was produced by eMachines in 1999. It resembles Apple's "Bondi Blue" iMac. Apple sued eMachines for allegedly infringing upon the distinctive trade dress of the iMac with the eOne. Apple and eMachines settled the case in 2000, which required the model to be discontinued....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleaning%20station
A cleaning station is a location where aquatic life congregate to be cleaned by smaller creatures. Such stations exist in both freshwater and marine environments, and are used by animals including fish, sea turtles and hippos, referred to as clients. The cleaning process includes the removal of parasites from the anim...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine%20coordinate%20system
In the manufacturing industry, with regard to numerically controlled machine tools, the phrase machine coordinate system refers to the physical limits of the motion of the machine in each of its axes, and to the numerical coordinate which is assigned (by the machine tool builder) to each of these limits. CNC Machinery ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van%20der%20Pol%20oscillator
In the study of dynamical systems, the van der Pol oscillator (named for Dutch physicist Balthasar van der Pol) is a non-conservative, oscillating system with non-linear damping. It evolves in time according to the second-order differential equation where is the position coordinate—which is a function of the time —an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KRON-TV
KRON-TV (channel 4) is a television station licensed to San Francisco, California, United States, serving as the San Francisco Bay Area's outlet for The CW Television Network. The station also maintains a secondary affiliation with MyNetworkTV. Owned and operated by The CW's majority owner, Nexstar Media Group, KRON-TV...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geobiology
Geobiology is a field of scientific research that explores the interactions between the physical Earth and the biosphere. It is a relatively young field, and its borders are fluid. There is considerable overlap with the fields of ecology, evolutionary biology, microbiology, paleontology, and particularly soil science a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szemer%C3%A9di%20regularity%20lemma
Szemerédi's regularity lemma is one of the most powerful tools in extremal graph theory, particularly in the study of large dense graphs. It states that the vertices of every large enough graph can be partitioned into a bounded number of parts so that the edges between different parts behave almost randomly. According...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tux%20Paint
Tux Paint is a free and open source raster graphics editor geared towards young children. The project was started in 2002 by Bill Kendrick who continues to maintain and improve it, with help from numerous volunteers. Tux Paint is seen by many as a free software alternative to Kid Pix, a similar proprietary educational ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HCLTech
HCL Technologies Limited, d/b/a HCLTech (formerly Hindustan Computers Pvt. Limited), is an Indian multinational information technology (IT) services and consulting company headquartered in Noida. The founder of HCLTech is Shiv Nadar. It emerged as an independent company in 1991 when HCL entered into the software servic...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom%20%28novel%29
Bloom, written in 1998, is the fifth science fiction novel written by Wil McCarthy. It was first released as a hardcover in September 1998. Almost a year later, in August 1999, its first mass market edition was published. An ebook reprint was published in 2011. Bloom is one of Borders' "Best 10 Books of 1998" and is...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiresolution%20analysis
A multiresolution analysis (MRA) or multiscale approximation (MSA) is the design method of most of the practically relevant discrete wavelet transforms (DWT) and the justification for the algorithm of the fast wavelet transform (FWT). It was introduced in this context in 1988/89 by Stephane Mallat and Yves Meyer and ha...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institution%20of%20Incorporated%20Engineers
The Institution of Incorporated Engineers (IIE) was a multidisciplinary engineering institution in the United Kingdom. In 2006 it merged with the Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE) to form the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). Before the merger the IIE had approximately 40,000 members. The IET i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institution%20of%20Engineering%20and%20Technology
The Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) is a multidisciplinary professional engineering institution. The IET was formed in 2006 from two separate institutions: the Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE), dating back to 1871, and the Institution of Incorporated Engineers (IIE) dating back to 1884. Its wor...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content-addressable%20network
The content-addressable network (CAN) is a distributed, decentralized P2P infrastructure that provides hash table functionality on an Internet-like scale. CAN was one of the original four distributed hash table proposals, introduced concurrently with Chord, Pastry, and Tapestry. Overview Like other distributed hash t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codan
Codan Limited is a manufacturer and supplier of communications, metal detection, and mining technology, headquartered in Adelaide, South Australia with revenue of A$348.0 million (2020). Codan Limited is the communications business unit and the parent company of the Codan group, which is engaged in business through it...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zobrist%20hashing
Zobrist hashing (also referred to as Zobrist keys or Zobrist signatures ) is a hash function construction used in computer programs that play abstract board games, such as chess and Go, to implement transposition tables, a special kind of hash table that is indexed by a board position and used to avoid analyzing the sa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris%20Babayan
Boris Artashesovich Babayan (; ; born Baku, 20 December 1933) is a Soviet and Russian computer scientist of Armenian descent, notable as the pioneering creator of supercomputers in the former Soviet Union and Russia. Biography Babayan was born in Baku, Soviet Union to an Armenian family. He graduated from the Moscow ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculator%20input%20methods
There are various ways in which calculators interpret keystrokes. These can be categorized into two main types: On a single-step or immediate-execution calculator, the user presses a key for each operation, calculating all the intermediate results, before the final value is shown. On an expression or formula calculat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitney%20umbrella
In geometry, the Whitney umbrella (or Whitney's umbrella, named after American mathematician Hassler Whitney, and sometimes called a Cayley umbrella) is a specific self-intersecting ruled surface placed in three dimensions. It is the union of all straight lines that pass through points of a fixed parabola and are perp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoperiodism
Photoperiodism is the physiological reaction of organisms to the length of night or a dark period. It occurs in plants and animals. Plant photoperiodism can also be defined as the developmental responses of plants to the relative lengths of light and dark periods. They are classified under three groups according to the...