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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetogen | An acetogen is a microorganism that generates acetate (CH3COO−) as an end product of anaerobic respiration or fermentation. However, this term is usually employed in a narrower sense only to those bacteria and archaea that perform anaerobic respiration and carbon fixation simultaneously through the reductive acetyl coe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility%20computing | Utility computing, or computer utility, is a service provisioning model in which a service provider makes computing resources and infrastructure management available to the customer as needed, and charges them for specific usage rather than a flat rate. Like other types of on-demand computing (such as grid computing),... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20ICD-9%20codes | The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems.
List of ICD-9 codes 001–139: infectious and parasitic diseases
List of ICD-9 codes 140–239: neoplasms
List of ICD-9 codes 240–279: endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases, and immunity disord... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poka-yoke | is a Japanese term that means "mistake-proofing" or "error prevention". A poka-yoke is any mechanism in a process that helps an equipment operator avoid () mistakes () and defects by preventing, correcting, or drawing attention to human errors as they occur. The concept was formalized, and the term adopted, by Shigeo ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simply%20typed%20lambda%20calculus | The simply typed lambda calculus (), a form
of type theory, is a typed interpretation of the lambda calculus with only one type constructor () that builds function types. It is the canonical and simplest example of a typed lambda calculus. The simply typed lambda calculus was originally introduced by Alonzo Church in ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic%20dynamics | In mathematics, symbolic dynamics is the practice of modeling a topological or smooth dynamical system by a discrete space consisting of infinite sequences of abstract symbols, each of which corresponds to a state of the system, with the dynamics (evolution) given by the shift operator. Formally, a Markov partition is ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subshift%20of%20finite%20type | In mathematics, subshifts of finite type are used to model dynamical systems, and in particular are the objects of study in symbolic dynamics and ergodic theory. They also describe the set of all possible sequences executed by a finite state machine. The most widely studied shift spaces are the subshifts of finite type... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferranti%20Pegasus | Pegasus was an early British vacuum-tube (valve) computer built by Ferranti, Ltd that pioneered design features to make life easier for both engineers and programmers. Originally it was named the Ferranti Package Computer as its hardware design followed that of the Elliott 401 with modular plug-in packages. Much of the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticaking%20agent | An anticaking agent is an additive placed in powdered or granulated materials, such as table salt or confectioneries, to prevent the formation of lumps (caking) and for easing packaging, transport, flowability, and consumption. Caking mechanisms depend on the nature of the material. Crystalline solids often cake by f... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaft%20sinking | Shaft mining or shaft sinking is the action of excavating a mine shaft from the top down, where there is initially no access to the bottom. Shallow shafts, typically sunk for civil engineering projects, differ greatly in execution method from deep shafts, typically sunk for mining projects.
Shaft sinking is one of the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenURL | An OpenURL is similar to a web address, but instead of referring to a physical website, it refers to an article, book, patent, or other resource within a website.
OpenURLs are similar to permalinks because they are permanently connected to a resource, regardless of which website the resource is connected to.
Librari... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abutment | An abutment is the substructure at the ends of a bridge span or dam supporting its superstructure. Single-span bridges have abutments at each end that provide vertical and lateral support for the span, as well as acting as retaining walls to resist lateral movement of the earthen fill of the bridge approach. Multi-span... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LogMeIn%20Hamachi | LogMeIn Hamachi is a virtual private network (VPN) application developed and released in 2004 by Alex Pankratov. It is capable of establishing direct links between computers that are behind network address translation (NAT) firewalls without requiring reconfiguration (when the user's PC can be accessed directly without... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savitzky%E2%80%93Golay%20filter | A Savitzky–Golay filter is a digital filter that can be applied to a set of digital data points for the purpose of smoothing the data, that is, to increase the precision of the data without distorting the signal tendency. This is achieved, in a process known as convolution, by fitting successive sub-sets of adjacent da... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3%20Kalm%C3%A1r | László Kalmár (27 March 1905, Edde – 2 August 1976, Mátraháza) was a Hungarian mathematician and Professor at the University of Szeged. Kalmár is considered the founder of mathematical logic and theoretical computer science in Hungary.
Biography
Kalmár was of Jewish ancestry. His early life mixed promise and tragedy. ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western%20Digital%20FD1771 | The FD1771, sometimes WD1771, is the first in a line of floppy disk controllers produced by Western Digital. It uses single density FM encoding introduced in the IBM 3740. Later models in the series added support for MFM encoding and increasingly added onboard circuitry that formerly had to be implemented in external c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational%20cognition | Computational cognition (sometimes referred to as computational cognitive science or computational psychology or cognitive simulation) is the study of the computational basis of learning and inference by mathematical modeling, computer simulation, and behavioral experiments. In psychology, it is an approach which devel... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatung%20Company | Tatung Company () (Tatung; ) is a multinational corporation established in 1918 and headquartered in Zhongshan, Taipei, Taiwan.
Description
Established in 1918 and headquartered in Taipei, Tatung Company holds 3 business groups, which includes 8 business units: Industrial Appliance BU, Motor BU, Wire & Cable BU, Solar... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8x8 | 8x8 Inc. is an American provider of Voice over IP products. Its products include cloud-based voice, contact center, video, mobile and unified communications for businesses. Since 2018, 8x8 manages Jitsi.
History
The company was founded in 1987 by Chi-Shin Wang and Y. W. Sing formerly of Weitek as Integrated Informatio... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indeterminate%20growth | In biology and botany, indeterminate growth is growth that is not terminated in contrast to determinate growth that stops once a genetically pre-determined structure has completely formed. Thus, a plant that grows and produces flowers and fruit until killed by frost or some other external factor is called indeterminate... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aura%20Battler%20Dunbine | is an anime television series created by Yoshiyuki Tomino and produced by Sotsu and Sunrise. Forty-nine episodes aired on Nagoya TV from February 5, 1983, to January 21, 1984, . An three-episode anime OVA sequel entitled New Story of Aura Battler Dunbine (also known as The Tale of Neo Byston Well) was released in 1988.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game%20demo | A game demo is a trial version of a video game that is limited to a certain time period or a point in progress. A game demo comes in forms such as shareware, demo disc, downloadable software, and tech demos.
Distribution
In the early 1990s, shareware distribution was a popular method for publishing games for smaller ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phagosome | In cell biology, a phagosome is a vesicle formed around a particle engulfed by a phagocyte via phagocytosis. Professional phagocytes include macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells (DCs).
A phagosome is formed by the fusion of the cell membrane around a microorganism, a senescent cell or an apoptotic cell. Phag... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20Data%20Communications%20Message%20Protocol | Digital Data Communications Message Protocol (DDCMP) is a byte-oriented communications protocol devised by Digital Equipment Corporation in 1974 to allow communication over point-to-point network links for the company's DECnet Phase I network protocol suite. The protocol uses full or half duplex synchronous and asynchr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean%20plane%20isometry | In geometry, a Euclidean plane isometry is an isometry of the Euclidean plane, or more informally, a way of transforming the plane that preserves geometrical properties such as length. There are four types: translations, rotations, reflections, and glide reflections (see below under ).
The set of Euclidean plane isome... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Nierenberg | William Aaron Nierenberg (February 13, 1919 – September 10, 2000) was an American physicist who worked on the Manhattan Project and was director of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography from 1965 through 1986. He was a co-founder of the George C. Marshall Institute in 1984.
Background
Nierenberg was born on Februar... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database%20audit | Database auditing involves observing a database to be aware of the actions of database users. Database administrators and consultants often set up auditing for security purposes, for example, to ensure that those without the permission to access information do not access it.
References
Further reading
Gallegos, F. C... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GunZ%3A%20The%20Duel | GunZ: The Duel (), or simply GunZ, was an online third-person shooting game, created by South Korean-based MAIET Entertainment.
It was free-to-play, with a microtransaction business model for purchasing premium in-game items. The game allowed players to perform exaggerated, gravity-defying action moves, including wall... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulator%20%28automatic%20control%29 | In automatic control, a regulator is a device which has the function of maintaining a designated characteristic. It performs the activity of managing or maintaining a range of values in a machine. The measurable property of a device is managed closely by specified conditions or an advance set value; or it can be a vari... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface%20plasmon%20resonance | Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a phenomenon that occurs where electrons in a thin metal sheet become excited by light that is directed to the sheet with a particular angle of incidence, and then travel parallel to the sheet. Assuming a constant light source wavelength and that the metal sheet is thin, the angle of ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geordie%20lamp | The Geordie lamp was a safety lamp for use in flammable atmospheres, invented by George Stephenson in 1815 as a miner's lamp to prevent explosions due to firedamp in coal mines.
Origin
In 1815, Stephenson was the engine-wright at the Killingworth Colliery in Northumberland and had been experimenting for several years... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harem%20%28zoology%29 | A harem is an animal group consisting of one or two males, a number of females, and their offspring. The dominant male drives off other males and maintains the unity of the group. If present, the second male is subservient to the dominant male. As juvenile males grow, they leave the group and roam as solitary individua... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlasov%20equation | The Vlasov equation is a differential equation describing time evolution of the distribution function of plasma consisting of charged particles with long-range interaction, such as the Coulomb interaction. The equation was first suggested for the description of plasma by Anatoly Vlasov in 1938 and later discussed by hi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RepRap | RepRap (a contraction of replicating rapid prototyper) is a project to develop low-cost 3D printers that can print most of their own components. As an open design, all of the designs produced by the project are released under a free software license, the GNU General Public License.
Due to the ability of these machines... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Laws%20of%20Thought | An Investigation of the Laws of Thought on Which are Founded the Mathematical Theories of Logic and Probabilities by George Boole, published in 1854, is the second of Boole's two monographs on algebraic logic. Boole was a professor of mathematics at what was then Queen's College, Cork (now University College Cork), in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factiva | Factiva is a business information and research tool owned by Dow Jones & Company. Factiva aggregates content from both licensed and free sources. Providing organizations with search, alerting, dissemination, and other information management capabilities. Factiva products claim to provide access to more than 32,000 sour... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish%20grid | The Swedish grid (in Swedish Rikets Nät, RT 90) is a coordinate system that was previously used for government maps in Sweden. RT 90 is a slightly modified version of the RT 38 from 1938. RT 90 has been replaced with SWEREF 99 as the official Swedish spatial reference system.
While the system could be used with negati... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffractometer | A diffractometer is a measuring instrument for analyzing the structure of a material from the scattering pattern produced when a beam of radiation or particles (such as X-rays or neutrons) interacts with it.
Principle
A typical diffractometer consists of a source of radiation, a monochromator to choose the wavelength... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imus%20in%20the%20Morning | Imus in the Morning was a long-running radio show hosted by Don Imus. The show originated on June 2, 1968, on various stations in the Western United States and Cleveland, Ohio, before settling on WNBC radio in New York City in 1971. In October 1988, the show moved to WFAN when that station took over WNBC's dial positio... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Chemical%20Identifier | The International Chemical Identifier (InChI or ) is a textual identifier for chemical substances, designed to provide a standard way to encode molecular information and to facilitate the search for such information in databases and on the web. Initially developed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business.com | Business.com is a digital media company and B2B web destination which offers various performance marketing advertising, including lead generation products on a pay per lead and pay per click basis, directory listings, and display advertising. The site covers business industry news and trends for growth companies and th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermalisation | In physics, thermalisation (or thermalization) is the process of physical bodies reaching thermal equilibrium through mutual interaction. In general the natural tendency of a system is towards a state of equipartition of energy and uniform temperature that maximizes the system's entropy. Thermalisation, thermal equili... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grain%20boundary | In materials science, a grain boundary is the interface between two grains, or crystallites, in a polycrystalline material. Grain boundaries are two-dimensional defects in the crystal structure, and tend to decrease the electrical and thermal conductivity of the material. Most grain boundaries are preferred sites for t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleation | In thermodynamics, nucleation is the first step in the formation of either a new thermodynamic phase or structure via self-assembly or self-organization within a substance or mixture. Nucleation is typically defined to be the process that determines how long an observer has to wait before the new phase or self-organize... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microtubule-associated%20protein | In cell biology, microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) are proteins that interact with the microtubules of the cellular cytoskeleton. MAPs are integral to the stability of the cell and its internal structures and the transport of components within the cell.
Function
MAPs bind to the tubulin subunits that make up micr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20security%20audit | An information security audit is an audit of the level of information security in an organization. It is an independent review and examination of system records, activities, and related documents. These audits are intended to improve the level of information security, avoid improper information security designs, and op... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20twinning | Crystal twinning occurs when two or more adjacent crystals of the same mineral are oriented so that they share some of the same crystal lattice points in a symmetrical manner. The result is an intergrowth of two separate crystals that are tightly bonded to each other. The surface along which the lattice points are shar... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damper%20%28flow%29 | A damper is a valve or plate that stops or regulates the flow of air inside a duct, chimney, VAV box, air handler, or other air-handling equipment. A damper may be used to cut off central air conditioning (heating or cooling) to an unused room, or to regulate it for room-by-room temperature and climate control -- for e... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbomachinery | Turbomachinery, in mechanical engineering, describes machines that transfer energy between a rotor and a fluid, including both turbines and compressors. While a turbine transfers energy from a fluid to a rotor, a compressor transfers energy from a rotor to a fluid.
These two types of machines are governed by the same ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed%20ball | Seed balls, also known as earth balls or , consist of seeds rolled within a ball of clay and other matter to assist germination. They are then thrown into vacant lots and over fences as a form of 'guerilla gardening'. Matter such as humus and compost are often placed around the seeds to provide microbial inoculants. C... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online%20identity | Internet identity (IID), also online identity, online personality or internet persona, is a social identity that an Internet user establishes in online communities and websites. It may also be an actively constructed presentation of oneself. Although some people choose to use their real names online, some Internet user... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconstruction%20from%20zero%20crossings | The problem of reconstruction from zero crossings can be stated as: given the zero crossings of a continuous signal, is it possible to reconstruct the signal (to within a constant factor)? Worded differently, what are the conditions under which a signal can be reconstructed from its zero crossings?
This problem has tw... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple%20precedence%20grammar | A simple precedence grammar is a context-free formal grammar that can be parsed with a simple precedence parser. The concept was first created in 1964 by Claude Pair, and was later rediscovered, from ideas due to Robert Floyd, by Niklaus Wirth and Helmut Weber who published a paper, entitled EULER: a generalization ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac%20OS%20X%20Leopard | Mac OS X Leopard (version 10.5) is the sixth major release of macOS, Apple's desktop and server operating system for Macintosh computers. Leopard was released on October 26, 2007 as the successor of Mac OS X Tiger, and is available in two editions: a desktop version suitable for personal computers, and a server version... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotspot%20gateway | A hotspot gateway is a device that provides authentication, authorization and accounting for a wireless network. This can keep malicious users off of a private network even in the event that they are able to break the encryption.
A wireless hotspot gateway helps solve guest user connectivity problems by offering insta... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-aided%20production%20engineering | Computer-aided production engineering (CAPE) is a relatively new and significant branch of engineering. Global manufacturing has changed the environment in which goods are produced. Meanwhile, the rapid development of electronics and communication technologies has required design and manufacturing to keep pace.
Descr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QuickTransit | QuickTransit was a cross-platform virtualization program developed by Transitive Corporation. It allowed software compiled for one specific processor and operating system combination to be executed on a different processor and/or operating system architecture without source code or binary changes.
QuickTransit was an ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavelle%20Medal | The Flavelle Medal is an award of the Royal Society of Canada "for an outstanding contribution to biological science during the preceding ten years or for significant additions to a previous outstanding contribution to biological science". It is named in honour of Joseph Wesley Flavelle and is awarded bi-annually. The ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCNP | A Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP) is a person in the IT industry who has achieved the professional level of Cisco Career Certification.
Professional certifications
Prior to February 2020 there were approximately eight professional-level certification programs within Cisco Career Certifications.
CCDP
CC... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCNA | CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate) is an information technology (IT) certification from Cisco Systems. CCNA certification is an associate-level Cisco Career certification.
The Cisco exams have changed several times in response to changing IT trends. In 2020, Cisco announced an update to its certification program... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical%20security | Logical security consists of software safeguards for an organization's systems, including user identification and password access, authenticating, access rights and authority levels. These measures are to ensure that only authorized users are able to perform actions or access information in a network or a workstation.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TinyURL | TinyURL is a URL shortening web service, which provides short aliases for redirection of long URLs. Kevin Gilbertson, a web developer, launched the service in January 2002 as a way to post links in newsgroup postings which frequently had long, cumbersome addresses. TinyURL was the first notable URL shortening service a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Context-based%20access%20control | Context-based access control (CBAC) is a feature of firewall software, which intelligently filters TCP and UDP packets based on application layer protocol session information. It can be used for intranets, extranets and internets.
CBAC can be configured to permit specified TCP and UDP traffic through a firewall only w... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conner%20Peripherals | Conner Peripherals, Inc. (commonly referred to as Conner), was a company that manufactured hard drives for personal computers. Conner Peripherals was founded in 1985 by Seagate Technology co-founder and San Jose State University alumnus Finis Conner (1943– ). In 1986, they merged with CoData, a Colorado start-up founde... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signaling%20protocol | A signaling protocol is a type of communications protocol for encapsulating the signaling between communication endpoints and switching systems to establish or terminate a connection and to identify the state of connection.
The following is a list of signaling protocols:
ALOHA
Digital Subscriber System No. 1 (EDSS1)... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redback%20Networks | Redback Networks provided hardware and software used by Internet service providers to manage broadband services. The company's products included the SMS (Subscriber Management System), SmartEdge, and SmartMetro product lines.
In January 2007, the company was acquired by Ericsson.
History
Redback Networks was founded ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20scheduling%20system | Music scheduling systems are employed to sequence music at radio stations. Although these systems were originally implemented by manual index card methods, since the late 1970s they have exploited the efficiency and speed of digital computers. They are essential tools for broadcasting by music radio stations.
These sy... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RC%204000%20multiprogramming%20system | The RC 4000 Multiprogramming System (also termed Monitor or RC 4000 depending on reference) is a discontinued operating system developed for the RC 4000 minicomputer in 1969. For clarity, this article mostly uses the term Monitor.
Overview
The RC 4000 Multiprogramming System is historically notable for being the first... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septic%20drain%20field | Septic drain fields, also called leach fields or leach drains, are subsurface wastewater disposal facilities used to remove contaminants and impurities from the liquid that emerges after anaerobic digestion in a septic tank. Organic materials in the liquid are catabolized by a microbial ecosystem.
A septic drain field... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRLESC | The BRLESC I (Ballistic Research Laboratories Electronic Scientific Computer) was one of the last of the first-generation electronic computers. It was built by the United States Army's Ballistic Research Laboratory (BRL) at Aberdeen Proving Ground with assistance from the National Bureau of Standards (now the National... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring%20oscillator | A ring oscillator is a device composed of an odd number of NOT gates in a ring, whose output oscillates between two voltage levels, representing true and false. The NOT gates, or inverters, are attached in a chain and the output of the last inverter is fed back into the first.
Details
Because a single inverter compu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arpent | An arpent (, sometimes called arpen) is a unit of length and a unit of area. It is a pre-metric French unit based on the Roman actus. It is used in Quebec, some areas of the United States that were part of French Louisiana, and in Mauritius and the Seychelles.
Etymology
The word arpent is believed to derive from the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiling%20with%20rectangles | A tiling with rectangles is a tiling which uses rectangles as its parts. The domino tilings are tilings with rectangles of side
ratio. The tilings with straight polyominoes of shapes such as , and
tilings with polyominoes of shapes such as fall also into this category.
Congruent rectangles
Some tiling of rectangl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode%20and%20email | Many email clients now offer some support for Unicode. Some clients will automatically choose between a legacy encoding and Unicode depending on the mail's content, either automatically or when the user requests it.
Technical requirements for sending of messages containing non-ASCII characters by email include
encodi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan%20%28archaeology%29 | In archaeological excavation, a plan is a drawn record of features and artifacts in the horizontal plane.
Overview
Archaeological plan can either take the form of
a "multi context" plan, which is drawn with many contexts on it to show relationships between these features as part of some phase, or
alternatively a ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regularization%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, statistics, finance, computer science, particularly in machine learning and inverse problems, regularization is a process that changes the result answer to be "simpler". It is often used to obtain results for ill-posed problems or to prevent overfitting.
Although regularization procedures can be divide... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geosmin | Geosmin ( ) is an irregular sesquiterpenoid, produced from the universal sesquiterpene precursor farnesyl pyrophosphate (also known as farnesyl diphosphate), in a two-step -dependent reaction. Geosmin, along with the irregular monoterpene 2-methylisoborneol, together account for the majority of biologically-caused tast... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stackless%20Python | Stackless Python, or Stackless, is a Python programming language interpreter, so named because it avoids depending on the C call stack for its own stack. In practice, Stackless Python uses the C stack, but the stack is cleared between function calls. The most prominent feature of Stackless is microthreads, which avoid ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison%20of%20open-source%20and%20closed-source%20software | Free/open-source software – the source availability model used by free and open-source software (FOSS) – and closed source are two approaches to the distribution of software.
Background
Under the closed-source model source code is not released to the public. Closed-source software is maintained by a team who produce... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bid%20shading | In an auction, bid shading is the practice of a bidder placing a bid that is below what they believe a bid is worth.
Bid shading is used for one of two purposes. In a common value auction with incomplete information, bid shading is used to compensate for the winner's curse. In such auctions, the good is worth the sa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparsely%20totient%20number | In mathematics, a sparsely totient number is a certain kind of natural number. A natural number, n, is sparsely totient if for all m > n,
where is Euler's totient function. The first few sparsely totient numbers are:
2, 6, 12, 18, 30, 42, 60, 66, 90, 120, 126, 150, 210, 240, 270, 330, 420, 462, 510, 630, 660, 690,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists%20of%20prehistoric%20fish | Prehistoric fish are early fish that are known only from fossil records. They are the earliest known vertebrates, and include the first and extinct fish that lived through the Cambrian to the Quaternary. The study of prehistoric fish is called paleoichthyology. A few living forms, such as the coelacanth are also referr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steady%20state%20%28biochemistry%29 | In biochemistry, steady state refers to the maintenance of constant internal concentrations of molecules and ions in the cells and organs of living systems. Living organisms remain at a dynamic steady state where their internal composition at both cellular and gross levels are relatively constant, but different from e... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground%20expression | In mathematical logic, a ground term of a formal system is a term that does not contain any variables. Similarly, a ground formula is a formula that does not contain any variables.
In first-order logic with identity with constant symbols and , the sentence is a ground formula. A ground expression is a ground term or... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirth%E2%80%93Weber%20precedence%20relationship | In computer science, a Wirth–Weber relationship between a pair of symbols is necessary to determine if a formal grammar is a simple precedence grammar. In such a case, the simple precedence parser can be used. The relationship is named after computer scientists Niklaus Wirth and Helmut Weber.
The goal is to identify ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operator-precedence%20grammar | An operator precedence grammar is a kind of grammar for formal languages.
Technically, an operator precedence grammar is a context-free grammar that has the property (among others)
that no production has either an empty right-hand side or two adjacent nonterminals in its
right-hand side. These properties allow precede... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karp%27s%2021%20NP-complete%20problems | In computational complexity theory, Karp's 21 NP-complete problems are a set of computational problems which are NP-complete. In his 1972 paper, "Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems", Richard Karp used Stephen Cook's 1971 theorem that the boolean satisfiability problem is NP-complete (also called the Cook-Levin ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password%20synchronization | Password synchronization is a process, usually supported by software such as password managers, through which a user maintains a single password across multiple IT systems.
Provided that all the systems enforce mutually-compatible password standards (e.g. concerning minimum and maximum password length, supported chara... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load%20cell | A load cell converts a force such as tension, compression, pressure, or torque into a signal (electrical, pneumatic or hydraulic pressure, or mechanical displacement indicator) that can be measured and standardized. It is a force transducer. As the force applied to the load cell increases, the signal changes proportion... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-service%20password%20reset | Self-service password reset (SSPR) is defined as any process or technology that allows users who have either forgotten their password or triggered an intruder lockout to authenticate with an alternate factor, and repair their own problem, without calling the help desk. It is a common feature in identity management soft... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klotski | Klotski (from ) is a sliding block puzzle thought to have originated in the early 20th century. The name may refer to a specific layout of ten blocks, or in a more global sense to refer to a whole group of similar sliding-block puzzles where the aim is to move a specific block to some predefined location.
Rules
Like o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPECint | SPECint is a computer benchmark specification for CPU integer processing power. It is maintained by the Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC). SPECint is the integer performance testing component of the SPEC test suite. The first SPEC test suite, CPU92, was announced in 1992. It was followed by CPU95, CPU2... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead%20time | A lead time is the latency between the initiation and completion of a process. For example, the lead time between the placement of an order and delivery of new cars by a given manufacturer might be between 2 weeks and 6 months, depending on various particularities. One business dictionary defines "manufacturing lead ti... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project%20Genoa | Project Genoa was a software project commissioned by the United States' DARPA which was designed to analyze large amounts of data and metadata to help human analysts counter terrorism.
Program synopsis
Genoa's primary function was intelligence analysis in order to assist human analysts.
The program was designed to su... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin%27s%20tubercle | Darwin's tubercle (or auricular tubercle) is a congenital ear condition which often presents as a thickening on the helix at the junction of the upper and middle thirds.
History
This atavistic feature is so called because its description was first published by Charles Darwin in the opening pages of The Descent of Ma... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-hybrid%20screening | Two-hybrid screening (originally known as yeast two-hybrid system or Y2H) is a molecular biology technique used to discover protein–protein interactions (PPIs) and protein–DNA interactions by testing for physical interactions (such as binding) between two proteins or a single protein and a DNA molecule, respectively.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%20702 | The IBM 702 was an early generation tube-based digital computer produced by IBM in the early to mid-1950s. It was the company's response to Remington Rand's UNIVAC—the first mainframe computer to use magnetic tapes. As these machines were aimed at the business market, they lacked the leading-edge computational power o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20knot%20theory%20topics | Knot theory is the study of mathematical knots. While inspired by knots which appear in daily life in shoelaces and rope, a mathematician's knot differs in that the ends are joined so that it cannot be undone. In precise mathematical language, a knot is an embedding of a circle in 3-dimensional Euclidean space, R3. T... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational-level%20agreement | An operational-level agreement (OLA) defines interdependent relationships in support of a service-level agreement (SLA). The agreement describes the responsibilities of each internal support group toward other support groups, including the process and timeframe for delivery of their services. The objective of the OLA i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended%20System%20Configuration%20Data | The Extended System Configuration Data (ESCD) is a specification for configuring x86 computers of the ISA PNP era. The specification was developed by Compaq, Intel and Phoenix Technologies. It consists of a method for storing configuration information in nonvolatile BIOS memory and three BIOS functions for working with... |
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