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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offline%20reader
An offline reader (sometimes called an offline browser or offline navigator) is computer software that downloads e-mail, newsgroup posts or web pages, making them available when the computer is offline: not connected to a server. Offline readers are useful for portable computers and dial-up access. Variations Websit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survive%20To%20Fight
Survive To Fight is the title of a British Army publication which details the use of NBC protective equipment and other procedures to be carried in the event of an attack with nuclear, biological or chemical weapons. So far five editions have been published (and two reprint runs); the first three of which are in the fo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous%20module
In mathematics, a continuous module is a module M such that every submodule of M is essential in a direct summand and every submodule of M isomorphic to a direct summand is itself a direct summand. The endomorphism ring of a continuous module is a clean ring.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Mexico%20lunar%20sample%20displays
The New Mexico lunar sample displays are two commemorative plaques consisting of small fragments of Moon specimen brought back with the Apollo 11 and Apollo 17 lunar missions and given in the 1970s to the people of the state of New Mexico by United States President Richard Nixon as goodwill gifts. Description Apollo ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe%20Mingione
Giuseppe Mingione (born 28 August 1972) is an Italian mathematician who is active in the fields of partial differential equations and calculus of variations. Scientific activity Mingione received his Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Naples Federico II in 1999 having Nicola Fusco as advisor; he is professor ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermogenesis
Thermogenesis is the process of heat production in organisms. It occurs in all warm-blooded animals, and also in a few species of thermogenic plants such as the Eastern skunk cabbage, the Voodoo lily (Sauromatum venosum), and the giant water lilies of the genus Victoria. The lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe, Arceuthobiu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubiquitin-like%20protein
Ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) are a family of small proteins involved in post-translational modification of other proteins in a cell, usually with a regulatory function. The UBL protein family derives its name from the first member of the class to be discovered, ubiquitin (Ub), best known for its role in regulating pr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelidiaceae
The Gelidiaceae is a small family of red algae containing eight genera. Many species of this algae are used to make agar. Uses Agar can be derived from many types of red seaweeds, including those from families such as Gelidiaceaae, Gracilariaceae, Gelidiellaceae and Pterocladiaceae. It is a polysaccharide located in t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20inflammatory%20neuropathy
Progressive inflammatory neuropathy is a disease that was identified in a report, released on January 31, 2008, by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The first known outbreak of this neuropathy occurred in southeastern Minnesota in the United States. The disease was reported among pig slaughterhouse worker...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula%20calculator
A formula calculator is a software calculator that can perform a calculation in two steps: Enter the calculation by typing it in from the keyboard. Press a single button or key to see the final result. This is unlike button-operated calculators, such as the Windows calculator or the Mac OS X calculator, which requi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillic%20acid
Aspergillic acid is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C12H20N2O2. It has a pale yellow crystalline appearance. Aspergillic acid is most commonly known as an antibiotic and antifungal agent that is derived from certain strains of the fungus Aspergillus flavus. History In 1940 Edwin C. White and J...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatility%20%28finance%29
In finance, volatility (usually denoted by σ) is the degree of variation of a trading price series over time, usually measured by the standard deviation of logarithmic returns. Historic volatility measures a time series of past market prices. Implied volatility looks forward in time, being derived from the market pri...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basis%20set%20superposition%20error
In quantum chemistry, calculations using finite basis sets are susceptible to basis set superposition error (BSSE). As the atoms of interacting molecules (or of different parts of the same molecule - intramolecular BSSE) approach one another, their basis functions overlap. Each monomer "borrows" functions from other ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timecode
A timecode (alternatively, time code) is a sequence of numeric codes generated at regular intervals by a timing synchronization system. Timecode is used in video production, show control and other applications which require temporal coordination or logging of recording or actions. Video and film In video production a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FLUXNET
FLUXNET is a global network of micrometeorological tower sites that use eddy covariance methods to measure the exchanges of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy between the biosphere and atmosphere. FLUXNET is a global 'network of regional networks' that serves to provide an infrastructure to compile, archive and d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powdered%20corn%20cob
Powdered Corn Cob (PCC) is marketed as a natural and environmentally-friendly alternative to anticoagulant rodenticide. The preparation was approved in July 2013 under the European Biocide Directive Program (Annex 1/1A BPD 98/8EEC) . It works by causing acute and ultimately lethal dehydration. History Formulated and m...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenBiome
OpenBiome is a nonprofit organization in Somerville, Massachusetts, which operates a public stool bank and supports research on the human microbiome. History OpenBiome distributes material to hospitals and clinics to support the treatment of C. difficile, the most common pathogen causing hospital-acquired infection i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel%20%28operating%20system%29
The kernel is a computer program at the core of a computer's operating system and generally has complete control over everything in the system. Kernel is also responsible for preventing and mitigating conflicts between different processes It is the portion of the operating system code that is always resident in memory ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic%20regulation%20of%20hematopoiesis
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have high regenerative potentials and are capable of differentiating into all blood and immune system cells. Despite this impressive potential, HSCs have limited potential to produce more multipotent stem cells. This limited self-renewal potential is protected through maintenance of a qu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bait%20ball
A bait ball, or baitball, occurs when small fish swarm in a tightly packed spherical formation about a common centre. It is a last-ditch defensive measure adopted by small schooling fish when they are threatened by predators. Small schooling fish are eaten by many types of predators, and for this reason they are called...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20G.%20Allen%20Frontiers%20Group
The Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group is a bioscience research initiative started in 2016 funded with an initial investment of $100 million. Its new vision is to identify areas in bioscience that are ripe for a major breakthrough, and then fund specific investigators to pursue advances.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bean%27s%20critical%20state%20model
Bean's critical state model, introduced by C. P. Bean in 1962, gives a macroscopic explanation of the irreversible magnetization behavior (hysteresis) of hard Type-II superconductors. Assumptions Hard superconductors often exhibit hysteresis in magnetization measurements. C. P. Bean postulated for the Shubnikov phase ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unpolarized%20light
Unpolarized light is light with a random, time-varying polarization. Natural light, like most other common sources of visible light, is produced independently by a large number of atoms or molecules whose emissions are uncorrelated. Unpolarized light can be produced from the incoherent combination of vertical and h...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20largest%20fish
Fish vary greatly in size. The whale shark and basking shark exceed all other fish by a considerable margin in weight and length. Fish are a paraphyletic group that describes aquatic vertebrates while excluding tetrapods, and the bony fish that often represent the group are more closely related to cetaceans such as wha...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirality%20%28chemistry%29
In chemistry, a molecule or ion is called chiral () if it cannot be superposed on its mirror image by any combination of rotations, translations, and some conformational changes. This geometric property is called chirality (). The terms are derived from Ancient Greek (cheir) 'hand'; which is the canonical example of a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17-animal%20inheritance%20puzzle
The 17-animal inheritance puzzle is a mathematical puzzle involving unequal but fair allocation of indivisible goods, usually stated in terms of inheritance of a number of large animals (17 camels, 17 horses, 17 elephants, etc.) which must be divided in some stated proportion among a number of beneficiaries. Despite o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony%20Drake
Anthony Drake (19411June 2022) was an English high school teacher who designed the provincial flag of Saskatchewan in 1968. The flag was adopted on 22 September 1969, but by then, Drake and his wife had already returned to England and therefore never had the opportunity to see his creation fly in the province until 20...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super%20Cars
Super Cars is a top-view racing game from Gremlin Interactive, who later produced the Lotus series of games. Stylistically, the game is influenced by Super Sprint. There are endless tracks at each of the 4 difficulty levels, which can be raced in any order (although the last track raced is made harder than usual). In ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QFET
A quantum field-effect transistor (QFET) or quantum-well field-effect transistor (QWFET) is a type of MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor) that takes advantage of quantum tunneling to greatly increase the speed of transistor operation by eliminating the traditional transistor's area of electron co...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial%20autocorrelation%20function
In time series analysis, the partial autocorrelation function (PACF) gives the partial correlation of a stationary time series with its own lagged values, regressed the values of the time series at all shorter lags. It contrasts with the autocorrelation function, which does not control for other lags. This function pl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFC%20domain
In molecular biology, the CFC domain (Cripto_Frl-1_Cryptic domain) is a protein domain found at the C-terminus of a number of proteins including Cripto (or teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor). It is structurally similar to the C-terminal extracellular portions of Jagged 1 and Jagged 2. CFC is approx 40-residues lon...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sablon%20diecast
Sablon was a Belgian company near Brussels that made diecast zamac toy cars in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Models were mostly in 1:43 scale and were similar in concept to Dinky Toys or Solido. History In 1968 the Sablon firm introduced nine 1:43 scale diecast models. This range consisted of a BMW 1600, a BMW 2000 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple%20Network%20Management%20Protocol
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an Internet Standard protocol for collecting and organizing information about managed devices on IP networks and for modifying that information to change device behaviour. Devices that typically support SNMP include cable modems, routers, switches, servers, workstations, pri...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsion-bar%20antenna
A torsion-bar antenna (or TOBA) is a novel scheme for a gravitational wave detector, proposed by M. Ando, et al. in 2010. The proposed design is composed of two, long, thin bars, suspended as torsion pendula in a cross-like fashion. Their differential angle (sensitive to tidal gravitational wave forces) would be compar...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brettanomyces
Brettanomyces is a non-spore forming genus of yeast in the family Saccharomycetaceae, and is often colloquially referred to as "Brett". The genus name Dekkera is used interchangeably with Brettanomyces, as it describes the teleomorph or spore forming form of the yeast, but is considered deprecated under the one fungus,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRAFS
The GPCR superfamily is the largest gene family in the human genome containing approximately 800 genes. As the vertebrate superfamily can be phylogenetically grouped into five main families the GRAFS classification system has been proposed. GRAFS stands for Glutamate, Rhodopsin, Adhesion, Frizzled/Taste2, Secretin. Th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubroboletus%20legaliae
Rubroboletus legaliae, previously known as Boletus splendidus, B. satanoides, and B. legaliae is a basidiomycete fungus of the family Boletaceae. It is poisonous, with predominantly gastrointestinal symptoms, and is related to Rubroboletus satanas. Boletus legaliae was described by Czech mycologist Albert Pilát in 196...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corniculate
Corniculate, an Anglicisation of the Latin diminutives corniculata, corniculatum, and corniculatus, describes an object possessing hornlike extensions. The root is Latin cornu = "horn". The term is used to describe the shape of the corniculate cartilages of the larynx. The horned puffin (Fratercula corniculata) is n...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic%20tongue
The electronic tongue is an instrument that measures and compares tastes. As per the IUPAC technical report, an “electronic tongue” as analytical instrument including an array of non-selective chemical sensors with partial specificity to different solution components and an appropriate pattern recognition instrument, c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disclosure%20and%20Barring%20Service
The Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) is a non-departmental public body of the Home Office of the United Kingdom. The DBS enables organisations in the public, private and voluntary sectors to make safer recruitment decisions by identifying candidates who may be unsuitable for certain work, especially involving child...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slitherlink
Slitherlink (also known as Fences, Takegaki, Loop the Loop, Loopy, Ouroboros, Suriza, Rundweg and Dotty Dilemma) is a logic puzzle developed by publisher Nikoli. Rules Slitherlink is played on a rectangular lattice of dots. Some of the squares formed by the dots have numbers inside them. The objective is to connect ho...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/58th%20meridian%20east
The meridian 58° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Europe, Asia, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole. The 58th meridian east forms a great circle with the 122nd meridian west. From Pole to Pole Starting at the North Po...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key%20Code%20Qualifier
Key Code Qualifier is an error-code returned by a SCSI device. When a SCSI target device returns a check condition in response to a command, the initiator usually then issues a SCSI Request Sense command. This process is part of a SCSI protocol called Contingent Allegiance Condition. The target will respond to the R...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20Henry%20Dawson
Martin Henry Dawson (6 August 1896 – 27 April 1945) was a Canadian researcher who made important contributions in the fields of infectious diseases. Dawson was born in Truro, Nova Scotia, a grandson of John Barnhill Dickie and educated at Dalhousie University and McGill University. His research included studies on the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment%20variable
An environment variable is a user-definable value that can affect the way running processes will behave on a computer. Environment variables are part of the environment in which a process runs. For example, a running process can query the value of the TEMP environment variable to discover a suitable location to store t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalent%20superconductor
Covalent superconductors are superconducting materials where the atoms are linked by covalent bonds. The first such material was boron-doped synthetic diamond grown by the high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) method. The discovery had no practical importance, but surprised most scientists as superconductivity had not ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypsizygus%20tessulatus
Hypsizygus tessulatus, the beech mushroom, is an edible mushroom native to East Asia. It is cultivated locally in temperate climates in Europe, North America and Australia and sold fresh in super markets. In nature, these are gilled mushrooms that grow on wood. Most often the mushroom is found on beech trees, hence th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathnet
Mathnet is a segment on the children's television show Square One Television that follows the adventures of pairs of police mathematicians. It is a pastiche of Dragnet. Premise Mathnet is a pastiche of Dragnet, in which the main characters are mathematicians who use their mathematical skills to solve various crimes an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoneda%20product
In algebra, the Yoneda product (named after Nobuo Yoneda) is the pairing between Ext groups of modules: induced by Specifically, for an element , thought of as an extension and similarly we form the Yoneda (cup) product Note that the middle map factors through the given maps to . We extend this definition to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realization%20%28probability%29
In probability and statistics, a realization, observation, or observed value, of a random variable is the value that is actually observed (what actually happened). The random variable itself is the process dictating how the observation comes about. Statistical quantities computed from realizations without deploying a s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LayerWalker
LayerWalker Technology, Inc. is a fabless integrated circuit design company that announced a network storage system on a chip (SoC). Their products targeted digital home, small business and consumer electronics markets. LayerWalker introduced in 2007 the miniSAN product that provided ATA over Ethernet (AoE) server fun...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLOS%20Computational%20Biology
PLOS Computational Biology is a monthly peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering computational biology. It was established in 2005 by the Public Library of Science in association with the International Society for Computational Biology (ISCB) in the same format as the previously established PLOS Biology a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AF%2BBG%20theorem
In algebraic geometry the AF+BG theorem (also known as Max Noether's fundamental theorem) is a result of Max Noether that asserts that, if the equation of an algebraic curve in the complex projective plane belongs locally (at each intersection point) to the ideal generated by the equations of two other algebraic curve...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldhausen%20category
In mathematics, a Waldhausen category is a category C equipped with some additional data, which makes it possible to construct the K-theory spectrum of C using a so-called S-construction. It's named after Friedhelm Waldhausen, who introduced this notion (under the term category with cofibrations and weak equivalences) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanaerobe
Nanaerobes are organisms that cannot grow in the presence of micromolar concentrations of oxygen, but can grow with and benefit from the presence of nanomolar concentrations of oxygen (e.g. Bacteroides fragilis). Like other anaerobes, these organisms do not require oxygen for growth. This growth benefit requires the ex...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary%20matrix
In mathematics, an elementary matrix is a matrix which differs from the identity matrix by one single elementary row operation. The elementary matrices generate the general linear group when is a field. Left multiplication (pre-multiplication) by an elementary matrix represents elementary row operations, while right ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantago%20maritima
Plantago maritima, the sea plantain, seaside plantain or goose tongue, is a species of flowering plant in the plantain family Plantaginaceae. It has a subcosmopolitan distribution in temperate and Arctic regions, native to most of Europe, northwest Africa, northern and central Asia, northern North America, and souther...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knockoffs%20%28statistics%29
In statistics, the knockoff filter, or simply knockoffs, is a framework for variable selection. It was originally introduced for linear regression by Rina Barber and Emmanuel Candès, and later generalized to other regression models in the random design setting. Knockoffs has found application in many practical areas, n...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress%20migration
Stress migration is a failure mechanism that often occurs in integrated circuit metallization (aluminum, copper). Voids form as result of vacancy migration driven by the hydrostatic stress gradient. Large voids may lead to open circuit or unacceptable resistance increase that impedes the IC performance. 'Stress migrati...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial%20algebra
In mathematics, an initial algebra is an initial object in the category of -algebras for a given endofunctor . This initiality provides a general framework for induction and recursion. Examples Functor Consider the endofunctor sending to , where is the one-point (singleton) set, the terminal object in the catego...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkcap
Inkcap may refer to any of a number of toadstools of the genera Coprinus, Coprinellus and Coprinopsis. The best known, and very good to eat: Coprinus comatus, the shaggy inkcap, lawyer's wig, or shaggy mane. The next best known, and also conditionally edible: Coprinopsis atramentaria, the common inkcap, inky cap, or ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20artificial%20neural%20networks
Linear neural network The simplest kind of feedforward neural network is a linear network, which consists of a single layer of output nodes; the inputs are fed directly to the outputs via a series of weights. The sum of the products of the weights and the inputs is calculated in each node. The mean squared errors b...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geriatric%20oncology
Geriatric oncology is a branch of medicine that is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of cancer in the elderly, usually defined as aged 65 and older. This fairly young but increasingly important subspecialty incorporates the special needs of the elderly into the treatment of cancer. In the last few years, thi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10-Hydroxydecanoic%20acid
10-Hydroxydecanic acid is a specialized saturated fatty acid that is a minor constituent of royal jelly. It was scientifically discovered in 1957. See also Myrmicacin (3-hydroxydecanoic acid) Queen bee acid (10-hydroxydecenoic acid)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QED%20manifesto
The QED manifesto was a proposal for a computer-based database of all mathematical knowledge, strictly formalized and with all proofs having been checked automatically. (Q.E.D. means in Latin, meaning "which was to be demonstrated.") Overview The idea for the project arose in 1993, mainly under the impetus of Robert ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annual%20grasslands
Annual grasslands are a type of grassland ecosystem characterized by the dominance of annual grasses and forbs. They are most commonly found in regions with Mediterranean climates, such as California, and provide important habitats for a variety of wildlife species. Annual grasslands have a history of disturbance fac...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzimidazole%20fungicide
Benzimidazole fungicides are a class of fungicides including benomyl, carbendazim (MBC), thiophanate-methyl, thiabendazole and fuberidazole. They can control many ascomycetes and basidiomycetes, but not oomycetes. They are applied to cereals, fruits, vegetables and vines, and are also used in postharvest handling of cr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liskov%20substitution%20principle
The Liskov substitution principle (LSP) is a particular definition of a subtyping relation, called strong behavioral subtyping, that was initially introduced by Barbara Liskov in a 1987 conference keynote address titled Data abstraction and hierarchy. It is based on the concept of "substitutability" a principle in obj...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic%20acid%20notation
The nucleic acid notation currently in use was first formalized by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) in 1970. This universally accepted notation uses the Roman characters G, C, A, and T, to represent the four nucleotides commonly found in deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA). Given the rapidly expa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugo%20Cerletti
Ugo Cerletti (26 September 1877 – 25 July 1963) was an Italian neurologist who discovered the method of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) used in psychiatry. Electroconvulsive therapy is a therapy in which electric current is used to provoke a seizure for a short duration. This therapy is used in an attempt to treat cert...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer%20RNA-like%20structures
Transfer RNA-like structures (tRNA-like structures) are RNA sequences, which have a similar tertiary structure to tRNA; they frequently contain a pseudoknot close to the 3' end. The presence of tRNA-like structures has been demonstrated in many plant virus RNA genomes. These tRNA-like structures are linked to regulatio...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Default-free%20zone
In Internet routing, the default-free zone (DFZ) is the collection of all Internet autonomous systems (AS) that do not require a default route to route a packet to any destination. Conceptually, DFZ routers have a "complete" Border Gateway Protocol table, sometimes referred to as the Internet routing table, global rout...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoelementary%20class
In logic, a pseudoelementary class is a class of structures derived from an elementary class (one definable in first-order logic) by omitting some of its sorts and relations. It is the mathematical logic counterpart of the notion in category theory of (the codomain of) a forgetful functor, and in physics of (hypothesi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipogenesis
Adipogenesis is the formation of adipocytes (fat cells) from stem cells. It involves 2 phases, determination, and terminal differentiation. Determination is mesenchymal stem cells committing to the adipocyte precursor cells, also known as preadipocytes which lose the potential to differentiate to other types of cells s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nail%20Men
Nail Men or Men of Nails () were a form of propaganda and fundraising for members of the armed forces and their dependents in the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the German Empire in World War I. They consisted of wooden statues (usually of knights in armour) into which nails were driven, either iron (black), or coloured s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermabacteraceae
Dermabacteraceae is an Actinomycetota family. Phylogeny The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature and the phylogeny is based on whole-genome sequences. Notes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.%20A.%20Mansoori
Gholam Ali Mansoori (born in 1943), G. Ali Mansoori also known as "GA Mansoori" is an Iranian-American scientist known for his research within energy, nanotechnology and thermodynamics. He is a professor at the Departments of Bioengineering, Chemical Engineering and also Physics at University of Illinois at Chicago. L...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve%20Butler%20%28mathematician%29
Steven Kay Butler (born May 16, 1977) is an American mathematician specializing in graph theory and combinatorics. He is a Morrill Professor and the Barbara J. Janson Professor in Mathematics at Iowa State University. Education and career Butler earned his master's degree at Brigham Young University in 2003. His maste...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post%20correspondence%20problem
The Post correspondence problem is an undecidable decision problem that was introduced by Emil Post in 1946. Because it is simpler than the halting problem and the Entscheidungsproblem it is often used in proofs of undecidability. Definition of the problem Let be an alphabet with at least two symbols. The input of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemannian%20metric%20and%20Lie%20bracket%20in%20computational%20anatomy
Computational anatomy (CA) is the study of shape and form in medical imaging. The study of deformable shapes in computational anatomy rely on high-dimensional diffeomorphism groups which generate orbits of the form . In CA, this orbit is in general considered a smooth Riemannian manifold since at every point of the ma...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiddler%20crab
The fiddler crab or calling crab may be any of more than one hundred species of semiterrestrial marine crabs in the family Ocypodidae, well known for their sexually dimorphic claws; the males' major claw is much larger than the minor claw, while the females' claws are both the same size. A smaller number of ghost crab ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bully%20algorithm
In distributed computing, the bully algorithm is a method for dynamically electing a coordinator or leader from a group of distributed computer processes. The process with the highest process ID number from amongst the non-failed processes is selected as the coordinator. Assumptions The algorithm assumes that: the s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOS%205
iOS 5 is the fifth major release of the iOS mobile operating system developed by Apple Inc., being the successor to iOS 4. It was announced at the company's Worldwide Developers Conference on June 6, 2011, and was released on October 12, 2011. It was succeeded by iOS 6 on September 19, 2012. iOS 5 revamped notificatio...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scope%20of%20practice
Scope of practice describes the procedures, actions, and processes that a healthcare practitioner is permitted to undertake in keeping with the terms of their professional license. The scope of practice is limited to that which the law allows for specific education and experience, and specific demonstrated competency. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cursor%20Models
Cursor Modell was a German company making models of antique and modern German vehicles. It is best known for its plastic replicas of vehicles mainly of the era 1880 to about 1920, produced for, and sold in, the Daimler-Benz museum in Stuttgart. Museum models Cursor started making ultra detailed 1:40 scale plastic rep...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyceryl%20diacetate
Glyceryl diacetate is a food additive with the E number E1517. This diglyceride is more generally known as diacetin. It is the diester of glycerol and acetylating agents, such as acetic acid and acetic anhydride. It is a colorless, viscous and odorless liquid with a high boiling point. Glycerol diacetate is typically ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/165%20%28number%29
165 (one hundred [and] sixty-five) is the natural number following 164 and preceding 166. In mathematics 165 is: an odd number, a composite number, and a deficient number. a sphenic number. a tetrahedral number the sum of the sums of the divisors of the first 14 positive integers. a self number in base 10. a palindrom...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial%20lattice
Artificial lattice is a term encompassing every atomic-scale structures designed and controlled to confine electrons onto a chosen lattice. Research has been done on multiple geometries and one of the most notable being what is called molecular graphene (in order to mimic graphene structure). Molecular graphene is a pa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy%20value%20of%20coal
The energy value of coal, or fuel content, is the amount of potential energy coal contains that can be converted into heat. This value can be calculated and compared with different grades of coal and other combustible materials, which produce different amounts of heat according to their grade. While chemistry provides...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Phytopathological%20Society
The American Phytopathological Society (APS) is an international scientific organization devoted to the study of plant diseases (phytopathology). APS promotes the advancement of modern concepts in the science of plant pathology and in plant health management in agricultural, urban and forest settings. The Society has ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koi%20language
Koyee (कोयी) is a Sino-Tibetan language belonging to the Kiranti languages spoken in the Khotang district of Nepal. Like other Kiranti languages, it displays a fairly complex system of person-marking and stem alternations. The term "Koyee" has dual significance, describing both a language and a tribe. Its origins trace...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damping
In physical systems, damping is the loss of energy of an oscillating system by dissipation. Damping is an influence within or upon an oscillatory system that has the effect of reducing or preventing its oscillation. Examples of damping include viscous damping in a fluid (see viscous drag), surface friction, radiation, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic%20Data%20Base%20for%20Exchange%20Processes%20at%20the%20Deep%20Sea%20Floor
The Atlantic Data Base for Exchange Processes at the Deep Sea Floor (ADEPD) was a marine research project funded by the EU from 1998 to 2000 as part of MAST III (Marine Science and Technology Programme). The project was coordinated by Prof. Dr. Karin Lochte at the Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UV%20coloration%20in%20flowers
UV coloration is a natural phenomenon that leads to unique interactions between organisms that have evolved the ability to perceive these wavelengths of light. It serves as one method to attract pollinators to the flower along with scent, shape, and nectar quality. Flowers are known for their range of visible colors th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis%20Carroll
Charles Lutwidge Dodgson ( ; 27 January 1832 – 14 January 1898), better known by his pen name Lewis Carroll, was an English author, poet, mathematician and photographer. His most notable works are Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865) and its sequel Through the Looking-Glass (1871). He was noted for his facility with...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google%20URL%20Shortener
Google URL Shortener, also known as goo.gl, was a URL shortening service owned by Google. It was launched in December 2009, initially used for Google Toolbar and Feedburner. The company launched a separate website, goo.gl, in September 2010. Google has replaced the service internally with Firebase Dynamic Links whic...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bklyner
Bklyner (pronounced "Brooklyner", often stylized in all-caps) is a hyper-local news site from the borough of Brooklyn in New York City. It has been described as "telling the stories considered too small for the major newspapers to bother with." Exclusives such as a 27,000 gallon oil spill "that the authorities had not...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral%20physics
Mineral physics is the science of materials that compose the interior of planets, particularly the Earth. It overlaps with petrophysics, which focuses on whole-rock properties. It provides information that allows interpretation of surface measurements of seismic waves, gravity anomalies, geomagnetic fields and electrom...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chroma%20subsampling
Chroma subsampling is the practice of encoding images by implementing less resolution for chroma information than for luma information, taking advantage of the human visual system's lower acuity for color differences than for luminance. It is used in many video and still image encoding schemesboth analog and digitalin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoffman%27s%20packing%20puzzle
Hoffman's packing puzzle is an assembly puzzle named after Dean G. Hoffman, who described it in 1978. The puzzle consists of 27 identical rectangular cuboids, each of whose edges have three different lengths. Its goal is to assemble them all to fit within a cube whose edge length is the sum of the three lengths. writ...