source
stringlengths
31
227
text
stringlengths
9
2k
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yozo%20Matsushima
was a Japanese mathematician. Early life Matsushima was born on February 11, 1921, in Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. He studied at Osaka Imperial University (later named Osaka University) and graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in mathematics in September 1942. At Osaka, he was taught by mathematicians K...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyropoulos%20method
The Kyropoulos method, KY method, or Kyropoulos technique, is a method of bulk crystal growth used to obtain single crystals. The largest application of the Kyropoulos method is to grow large boules of single crystal sapphire used to produce substrates for the manufacture gallium nitride-based LEDs, and as a durable ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batter%20%28cooking%29
Batter is a flour mixture with liquid and other ingredients such as sugar, salt and leavening used for cooking. It usually contains more liquid than doughs, which are also mixtures of flour and liquid. Batters are usually a pourable consistency that cannot be kneaded. Batter is most often used for pancakes, light cakes...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honey%20Bee%20Genome%20Sequencing%20Consortium
The Honey Bee Genome Sequencing Consortium is an international collaborative group of genomics scientists, scientific organisations and universities trying to decipher the genome sequences of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It was formed in 2001 by American scientists. In the US, the project is funded by the National ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitebait
Whitebait is a collective term for the immature fry of fish, typically between long. Such young fish often travel together in schools along coasts, and move into estuaries and sometimes up rivers where they can be easily caught using fine-meshed fishing nets. Whitebaiting is the activity of catching whitebait. Indivi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%20Capitan%20%28supercomputer%29
Hewlett Packard Enterprise El Capitan, is an upcoming exascale supercomputer, hosted at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, United States and projected to become operational in 2024. It is based on the Cray EX Shasta architecture. When deployed, El Capitan is projected to displace Frontier as the w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Look-elsewhere%20effect
The look-elsewhere effect is a phenomenon in the statistical analysis of scientific experiments where an apparently statistically significant observation may have actually arisen by chance because of the sheer size of the parameter space to be searched. Once the possibility of look-elsewhere error in an analysis is ac...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LP%20holin%20family
The Putative Listeria Phage Holin (LP-Hol) Family (TC# 1.E.51) consists of several small proteins of 41 amino acyl residues (aas) and 1 transmembrane segment (TMS). They can be found in several Listeria phage as well as in Listeria monocytogenes. While annotated as holins, these proteins remain functionally uncharacter...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radionomy
Radionomy was an online platform that provided tools for operating online radio stations. It was part of Radionomy Group, a company which later acquired the online streaming platform SHOUTcast from Nullsoft, and eventually consolidated Radionomy into its SHOUTcast service. Concept The name of Radionomy is a contracti...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial%20cutaneous%20nerve%20of%20arm
The medial brachial cutaneous nerve (lesser internal cutaneous nerve; medial cutaneous nerve of arm) is a sensory branch of the medial cord of the brachial plexus derived from spinal nerves C8-T1. It provides sensory innervation to the medial arm. It descends accompanied by the basilic vein. Anatomy Origin It is the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Else%20Kr%C3%B6ner-Fresenius%20Foundation
The Else Kröner-Fresenius Foundation (Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung in German, or EKFS), founded in 1983, is a non-profit foundation dedicated to the support of medical research and medical-humanitarian development projects. History Else Kröner (born in Fernau, 1925–1988) took over The Fresenius Company in 1946 afte...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal%20Product%20Code
The Universal Product Code (UPC or UPC code) is a barcode symbology that is widely used worldwide for tracking trade items in stores. The chosen symbology has bars (or spaces) of exactly 1, 2, 3, or 4 units wide each; each decimal digit to be encoded consists of two bars and two spaces chosen to have a total width of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nut%20driver
A nut driver is a tool for tightening or loosening nuts and bolts. It essentially consists of a socket attached to a shaft and cylindrical handle and is similar in appearance and use to a screwdriver. They generally have a hollow shaft to accommodate a shank onto which a nut is threaded. They are typically used for low...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irritability
Irritability (also informally called crankiness) is the excitatory ability that living organisms have to respond to changes in their environment. The term is used for both the physiological reaction to stimuli and for the pathological, abnormal or excessive sensitivity to stimuli. When reflecting human emotion and beh...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalfopristin
Dalfopristin is a semi-synthetic streptogramin antibiotic analogue of ostreogyrcin A (virginiamycin M, pristinamycin IIA, streptogramin A). The combination quinupristin/dalfopristin (marketed under the trade name Synercid) was brought to the market by Rhone-Poulenc Rorer Pharmaceuticals in 1999. Synercid (weight-to-we...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20of%20Low%20Temperature%20Physics
The Journal of Low Temperature Physics is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the field of low temperature physics and cryogenics, including superconductivity, superfluidity, matter waves, magnetism and electronic properties, active areas in condensed matter physics, and low temperature technology. Occ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balm%20of%20Gilead
Balm of Gilead was a rare perfume used medicinally, that was mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, and named for the region of Gilead, where it was produced. The expression stems from William Tyndale's language in the King James Bible of 1611, and has come to signify a universal cure in figurative speech. The tree or shrub pr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh%20Mathematical%20Olympiad
The Bangladesh Mathematical Olympiad is an annual mathematical competition arranged for school and college students to nourish their interest and capabilities for mathematics. It has been regularly organized by the Bangladesh Math Olympiad Committee since 2001. Bangladesh Math Olympiad activities started in 2003 formal...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transversality%20condition
In optimal control theory, a transversality condition is a boundary condition for the terminal values of the costate variables. They are one of the necessary conditions for optimality infinite-horizon optimal control problems without an endpoint constraint on the state variables. See also Pontryagin's maximum princi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20Radio%20Service
Public Radio Service (PRS) is a walkie-talkie personal radio service in the People's Republic of China, including Hong Kong and Macau, but excluding Taiwan. It can be used without a license. It uses 409 MHz. It is also known as PRS409. It is similar to the American Family Radio Service (FRS) and PMR446 in the European ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20letters%20used%20in%20mathematics%2C%20science%2C%20and%20engineering
Latin and Greek letters are used in mathematics, science, engineering, and other areas where mathematical notation is used as symbols for constants, special functions, and also conventionally for variables representing certain quantities. Some common conventions: Intensive quantities in physics are usually denoted wi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divisor%20sum%20identities
The purpose of this page is to catalog new, interesting, and useful identities related to number-theoretic divisor sums, i.e., sums of an arithmetic function over the divisors of a natural number , or equivalently the Dirichlet convolution of an arithmetic function with one: These identities include applications to s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coma%20%28optics%29
In optics (especially telescopes), the coma (), or comatic aberration, in an optical system refers to aberration inherent to certain optical designs or due to imperfection in the lens or other components that results in off-axis point sources such as stars appearing distorted, appearing to have a tail (coma) like a co...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singular%20function
In mathematics, a real-valued function f on the interval [a, b] is said to be singular if it has the following properties: f is continuous on [a, b]. (**) there exists a set N of measure 0 such that for all x outside of N the derivative f (x) exists and is zero, that is, the derivative of f vanishes almost everywhere....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective%20renal%20plasma%20flow
Effective renal plasma flow (eRPF) is a measure used in renal physiology to calculate renal plasma flow (RPF) and hence estimate renal function. Because the extraction ratio of PAH is high, it has become commonplace to estimate the RPF by dividing the amount of PAH in the urine by the plasma PAH level, ignoring the le...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%209370
The IBM 9370 systems are "baby mainframe" midrange computers, released 1986 at the very low end of, and compatible with System/370. The media of the day, referring to the VAX systems manufactured by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), carried IBM's alleged "VAX Killer" phrase, albeit often skeptically. History The I...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leroy%20Chang
Leroy L. Chang (; 20 January 1936 – 10 August 2008) was an experimental physicist and solid state electronics researcher and engineer. Born in China, he studied in Taiwan and then the United States, obtaining his doctorate from Stanford University in 1963. As a research physicist he studied semiconductors for nearly 30...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar%20mass%20loss
Stellar mass loss is a phenomenon observed in stars. All stars lose some mass over their lives at widely varying rates. Triggering events can cause the sudden ejection of a large portion of the star's mass. Stellar mass loss can also occur when a star gradually loses material to a binary companion or into interstellar ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security%20and%20safety%20features%20new%20to%20Windows%20Vista
There are a number of security and safety features new to Windows Vista, most of which are not available in any prior Microsoft Windows operating system release. Beginning in early 2002 with Microsoft's announcement of its Trustworthy Computing initiative, a great deal of work has gone into making Windows Vista a more...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nukleonik
Nukleonik was a West German scientific journal covering nuclear physics and nuclear engineering. The journal was established in 1958, shortly after restrictions on nuclear research in West Germany were lifted by the 1955 Paris Agreements. It was published by Springer Verlag until 1969, as Springer Verlag considered th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floral%20morphology
In botany, floral morphology is the study of the diversity of forms and structures presented by the flower, which, by definition, is a branch of limited growth that bears the modified leaves responsible for reproduction and protection of the gametes, called floral pieces. Fertile leaves or sporophylls carry sporangium...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasiconvex%20function
In mathematics, a quasiconvex function is a real-valued function defined on an interval or on a convex subset of a real vector space such that the inverse image of any set of the form is a convex set. For a function of a single variable, along any stretch of the curve the highest point is one of the endpoints. The neg...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parafacial%20zone
The parafacial zone (PZ) is a brain structure located in the brainstem within the medulla oblongata believed to be heavily responsible for non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep regulation, specifically for inducing slow-wave sleep. It is one of several GABAergic sleep-promoting nuclei in the brain, which also include...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermo-optic%20coefficient
The thermo-optic coefficient of a material is the change in refractive index with the response to temperature. This value itself also depends on the present temperature of the material and so has second-order behaviours. At low temperatures (0-400°C), the relationship is linear but at higher ones it exhibits a second-o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluidmesh%20Networks
Fluidmesh Networks was a hardware and software manufacturer of wireless point-to-point networks, wireless point-to-multipoint networks, and wireless mesh networks. Fluidmesh products are used in video-surveillance, enterprise, industrial, railway, maritime, and military projects. Corporate history Fluidmesh was foun...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HPP%20model
The Hardy–Pomeau–Pazzis (HPP) model is a fundamental lattice gas automaton for the simulation of gases and liquids. It was a precursor to the lattice Boltzmann methods. From lattice gas automata, it is possible to derive the macroscopic Navier-Stokes equations. Interest in lattice gas automaton methods levelled off in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imd%20pathway
The Imd pathway is a broadly-conserved NF-κB immune signalling pathway of insects and some arthropods that regulates a potent antibacterial defence response. The pathway is named after the discovery of a mutation causing severe immune deficiency (the gene was named "Imd" for "immune deficiency"). The Imd pathway was fi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPP1R27
Protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 27 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the PPP1R27 gene.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrado%20Segre
Corrado Segre (20 August 1863 – 18 May 1924) was an Italian mathematician who is remembered today as a major contributor to the early development of algebraic geometry. Early life Corrado's parents were Abramo Segre and Estella De Benedetti. Career Segre developed his entire career at the University of Turin, first...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree%20nut%20allergy
A tree nut allergy is a hypersensitivity to dietary substances from tree nuts and edible tree seeds causing an overreaction of the immune system which may lead to severe physical symptoms. Tree nuts include almonds, Brazil nuts, cashews, chestnuts, filberts/hazelnuts, macadamia nuts, pecans, pistachios, shea nuts and w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libhybris
libhybris is a compatibility layer for computers running Linux distributions based on the GNU C library or Musl, intended for using software written for Bionic-based Linux systems, which mainly includes Android libraries and device drivers. History Hybris was initially written by Carsten Munk, a Mer developer, who re...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciena
Ciena Corporation is an American telecommunications networking equipment and software services supplier based in Hanover, Maryland. The company has been described by The Baltimore Sun as the "world's biggest player in optical connectivity". The company reported revenues of $3.63 billion for 2022. Ciena had over 8,000 e...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized%20Environmental%20Modeling%20System%20for%20Surfacewaters
Generalized Environmental Modeling System for Surfacewaters or GEMSS is a public domain software application published by ERM. It has been used for hydrological studies throughout the world. History GEMSS has been used for ultimate heat sink analyses at Comanche Peak Nuclear Power Plant, and Arkansas Nuclear One. In P...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactarius%20glyciosmus
Lactarius glyciosmus, commonly known as the coconut scented milk cap, is a semi-edible mushroom in the genus Lactarius. Mycorrhizal, it can be found growing in soil at the base of birch trees in Europe. It is typically coloured a greyish lilac, with the sometimes hollow stem a little lighter coloured than the cap. It h...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20botanists%20by%20author%20abbreviation%20%28E%E2%80%93F%29
A–D To find entries for A–D, use the table of contents above. E E.A.Barkley – Elizabeth Anne Barkley (born 1908) E.A.Barthol. – Elizabeth Ann Bartholomew (1912–1985) E.A.Br. – Elizabeth Anne Brown (1956–2013) E.A.Bruce – Eileen Adelaide Bruce (1905–1955) E.A.Durand – Ernest Armand Durand (1872–1910) E.A.Fl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss%20of%20heterozygosity
Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is a type of genetic abnormality in diploid organisms in which one copy of an entire gene and its surrounding chromosomal region are lost. Since diploid cells have two copies of their genes, one from each parent, a single copy of the lost gene still remains when this happens, but any hetero...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Registry%20of%20Toxic%20Effects%20of%20Chemical%20Substances
Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) is a database of toxicity information compiled from the open scientific literature without reference to the validity or usefulness of the studies reported. Until 2001 it was maintained by US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) as a freel...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Godsil
Christopher David Godsil is a professor and the former Chair at the Department of Combinatorics and Optimization in the faculty of mathematics at the University of Waterloo. He wrote the popular textbook on algebraic graph theory, entitled Algebraic Graph Theory, with Gordon Royle, His earlier textbook on algebraic com...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20non-rectangular%20flags
This is a list of non-rectangular flags, including the flags of states or territories, groups or movements, and individual people. List Current flags National sovereign state flags Other sovereign state flags Sub-national territories Private entities Former flags
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanophysiology
Nanophysiology is a field that concerns the function of nanodomains, such as the regulation of molecular or ionic flows in cell subcompartments, such as glial protrusions, dendritic spines, dendrites, mitochondria and many more. Background Molecular organization in nanocompartments provides the construction require...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VRChat
VRChat is an online virtual world platform created by Graham Gaylor and Jesse Joudrey and operated by VRChat, Inc. The platform allows users to interact with others with user-created 3D avatars and worlds. VRChat is designed primarily for use with virtual reality headsets, such as the Oculus Rift and Oculus Quest serie...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darboux%27s%20formula
In mathematical analysis, Darboux's formula is a formula introduced by for summing infinite series by using integrals or evaluating integrals using infinite series. It is a generalization to the complex plane of the Euler–Maclaurin summation formula, which is used for similar purposes and derived in a similar manner ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life%20Sciences%20Research%20Office
Life Sciences Research Organization (LSRO) is a non-profit organization based in Maryland, United States, that specializes in assembling "ad hoc" expert panels to evaluate scientific literature, data, systems, and proposals in the biomedical sciences. Overview LSRO was founded in 1962 as an office within the Federati...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trapdoor%20function
In theoretical computer science and cryptography, a trapdoor function is a function that is easy to compute in one direction, yet difficult to compute in the opposite direction (finding its inverse) without special information, called the "trapdoor". Trapdoor functions are a special case of one-way functions and are wi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City%20Nature%20Challenge
The City Nature Challenge is an annual, global, community science competition to document urban biodiversity. The challenge is a bioblitz that engages residents and visitors to find and document plants, animals, and other organisms living in urban areas. The goals are to engage the public in the collection of biodivers...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artery%20to%20the%20ductus%20deferens
The artery to the ductus deferens (deferential artery) is an artery in males that provides blood to the ductus deferens. Anatomy Origin The artery arises from the superior vesical artery (usually), or from the inferior vesical artery. Course, anastomoses, and distribution It accompanies the ductus deferens into th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule-based%20modeling
Rule-based modeling is a modeling approach that uses a set of rules that indirectly specifies a mathematical model. The rule-set can either be translated into a model such as Markov chains or differential equations, or be treated using tools that directly work on the rule-set in place of a translated model, as the latt...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strophosomia
Strophosomia is a severe form of congenital ventral fissure, all abdominal and thoracic viscera being free in the uterus. It is an extreme case of celosomia. In humans It is a very rare dysmorphic feature in humans. In farm animals The condition occurs regularly in calves and lambs. The spine is flexed 180° so tha...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live%20blood%20analysis
Live blood analysis (LBA), live cell analysis, Hemaview or nutritional blood analysis is the use of high-resolution dark field microscopy to observe live blood cells. Live blood analysis is promoted by some alternative medicine practitioners, who assert that it can diagnose a range of diseases. There is no scientific e...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedobarography
Pedobarography is the study of pressure fields acting between the plantar surface of the foot and a supporting surface. Used most often for biomechanical analysis of gait and posture, pedobarography is employed in a wide range of applications including sports biomechanics and gait biometrics. The term 'pedobarography' ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%20%28number%29
12 (twelve) is the natural number following 11 and preceding 13. Twelve is a superior highly composite number, divisible by the numbers 2, 3, 4, and 6. It is the number of years required for an orbital period of Jupiter. It is central to many systems of timekeeping, including the Western calendar and units of time of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good%20luck%20knot
The Good luck knot can be seen in images carved on a statue of the East Asian Goddess of Mercy, Guanyin, which was created between AD 557 and 588, and later found in a cave in northwest China. See also List of knots Chinese knotting External links tying video
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine%20Views
Nine Views () is an ambiental installation in Zagreb, Croatia which, together with the sculpture Prizemljeno Sunce (The Grounded Sun), comprises a scale model of the Solar System. Prizemljeno Sunce by Ivan Kožarić was first displayed in 1971 by the building of the Croatian National Theatre, and since then changed loca...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural%20landscape
A natural landscape is the original landscape that exists before it is acted upon by human culture. The natural landscape and the cultural landscape are separate parts of the landscape. However, in the 21st century, landscapes that are totally untouched by human activity no longer exist, so that reference is sometimes ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xak%20II%3A%20Rising%20of%20the%20Redmoon
Xak II: Rising of the Redmoon is a fantasy role-playing video game developed and published by the Japanese software developer MicroCabin. It is a direct sequel to Xak: The Art of Visual Stage (Xak I). The game was released in Japan only, but due to an MSX scene that arose in Europe (predominately in the Netherlands reg...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hund%27s%20rule%20of%20maximum%20multiplicity
Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity is a rule based on observation of atomic spectra, which is used to predict the ground state of an atom or molecule with one or more open electronic shells. The rule states that for a given electron configuration, the lowest energy term is the one with the greatest value of spin multi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Simpson
Thomas Simpson FRS (20 August 1710 – 14 May 1761) was a British mathematician and inventor known for the eponymous Simpson's rule to approximate definite integrals. The attribution, as often in mathematics, can be debated: this rule had been found 100 years earlier by Johannes Kepler, and in German it is called Keplers...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEAAN
HEAAN (Homomorphic Encryption for Arithmetic of Approximate Numbers) is an open source homomorphic encryption (HE) library which implements an approximate HE scheme proposed by Cheon, Kim, Kim and Song (CKKS). The first version of HEAAN was published on GitHub on 15 May 2016, and later a new version of HEAAN with a boo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stixel
In computer vision, a stixel (portmanteau of "stick" and "pixel") is a superpixel representation of depth information in an image, in the form of a vertical stick that approximates the closest obstacles within a certain vertical slice of the scene. Introduced in 2009, stixels have applications in robotic navigation and...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COMPLEAT%20%28Bioinformatics%20tool%29
Protein Complex Enrichment Analysis Tool is an online bioinformatics tool used to analyze high-throughput datasets (or small-scale datasets) using protein complex enrichment analysis. The tool uses a protein complex resource as the back end annotation data instead of conventional gene ontology- or pathway-based annotat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Goles
Eric Antonio Goles Chacc (born August 21, 1951) is a Chilean mathematician and computer scientist of Croatian descent. He studied civil engineering at the University of Chile before taking two doctorates at the University of Grenoble in France. A professor at the University of Chile, he is known for his work on cellula...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20African%20Computer%20Olympiad
The South African Computing Olympiad (SACO) is an annual computer programming competition for secondary school students (although at least one primary school student has participated) in South Africa. The South African team for the International Olympiad in Informatics is selected through it. Competition rounds The co...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hordein
Hordein is a prolamin glycoprotein, present in barley and some other cereals, together with gliadin and other glycoproteins (such as glutelins) coming under the general name of gluten. Hordeins are found in the endosperm where one of their functions is to act as a storage unit. In comparison to other proteins, hordei...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal%20metacarpal%20arteries
Most of the dorsal metacarpal arteries arise from the dorsal carpal arch and run downward on the second, third, and fourth dorsal interossei of the hand and bifurcate into the dorsal digital arteries. Near their origin, they anastomose with the deep palmar arch by perforating arteries. They also anastomose with commo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replicating%20portfolio
In mathematical finance, a replicating portfolio for a given asset or series of cash flows is a portfolio of assets with the same properties (especially cash flows). This is meant in two distinct senses: static replication, where the portfolio has the same cash flows as the reference asset (and no changes need to be ma...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rytov%20number
The Rytov number is a fundamental scaling parameter for laser propagation through atmospheric turbulence. Rytov numbers greater than 0.2 are generally considered to be strong scintillation. A Rytov number of 0 would indicate no turbulence, thus no scintillation of the beam. Wave mechanics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coccidioidomycosis
Coccidioidomycosis (, ), commonly known as cocci, Valley fever, as well as California fever, desert rheumatism, or San Joaquin Valley fever, is a mammalian fungal disease caused by Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii. Coccidioidomycosis is endemic in certain parts of the United States in Arizona, California,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil%20physics
Soil physics is the study of soil's physical properties and processes. It is applied to management and prediction under natural and managed ecosystems. Soil physics deals with the dynamics of physical soil components and their phases as solids, liquids, and gases. It draws on the principles of physics, physical chemi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluconeogenesis
Gluconeogenesis (GNG) is a metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from certain non-carbohydrate carbon substrates. It is a ubiquitous process, present in plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and other microorganisms. In vertebrates, gluconeogenesis occurs mainly in the liver and, to a lesser extent, i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inocybe%20lacera
Inocybe lacera, commonly known as the torn fibrecap, is a poisonous species of mushroom in the genus Inocybe. Its appearance is that of a typical "little brown mushroom": small, brown and indistinct. However, it is distinguishable by its microscopic features, particularly its long, smooth spores. As with many other spe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational%20ignorance
Rational ignorance is refraining from acquiring knowledge when the supposed cost of educating oneself on an issue exceeds the expected potential benefit that the knowledge would provide. Ignorance about an issue is said to be "rational" when the cost of educating oneself about the issue sufficiently to make an informe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentzen%27s%20consistency%20proof
Gentzen's consistency proof is a result of proof theory in mathematical logic, published by Gerhard Gentzen in 1936. It shows that the Peano axioms of first-order arithmetic do not contain a contradiction (i.e. are "consistent"), as long as a certain other system used in the proof does not contain any contradictions ei...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation%20graph
Propagation graphs are a mathematical modelling method for radio propagation channels. A propagation graph is a signal flow graph in which vertices represent transmitters, receivers or scatterers. Edges in the graph model propagation conditions between vertices. Propagation graph models were initially developed by Troe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang%20Smith
Wolfgang Smith (born February 18, 1930 in Vienna, Austria) is a mathematician, physicist, philosopher of science, metaphysician, Roman Catholic and member of the Traditionalist School. He has written extensively in the field of differential geometry, as a critic of scientism and as a proponent of a new interpretation o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D%20Aerobatics
3D Aerobatics or 3D flying is a form of flying using flying aircraft to perform specific aerial maneuvers. They are usually performed when the aircraft had been intentionally placed in a stalled position. Introduction In its most basic sense, 3D flight is controlled flight beyond the stalls critical angle of attack (...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OFTP
The Odette File Transfer Protocol (OFTP) is a protocol created in 1986, used for Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) between two communications business partners. Its name comes from the Odette Organisation (the Organization for data exchange by teletransmission in Europe). The ODETTE File Transfer Protocol (ODETTE-FTP)...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Border%20Gateway%20Multicast%20Protocol
The Border Gateway Multicast Protocol (BGMP) was an IETF project which attempted to design a true inter-domain multicast routing protocol. BGMP was planned to be able to scale in order to operate in the global Internet.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incidental%20medical%20findings
Incidental medical findings are previously undiagnosed medical or psychiatric conditions that are discovered unintentionally and during evaluation for a medical or psychiatric condition. Such findings may occur in a variety of settings, including routine medical care, during biomedical research, during post-mortem auto...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-game%20advertising
In-game advertising (IGA) is advertising in electronic games. IGA differs from advergames, which refers to games specifically made to advertise a product. The IGA industry is large and growing. In-game advertising generated $34 million in 2004, $56 million in 2005, $80 million in 2006, and $295 million in 2007. In 20...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea%20Aerospace%20University
Korea Aerospace University (한국항공대학교 (Traditional Chinese: 韓國航空大學校) [Han'guk Hang-gong Dae-hak-gyo]) is a private university located in Goyang, Gyeonggi, South Korea. History Beginnings (1950s–1960s) Korea Aerospace University was established as a national school on June 16, 1952. During the Korean War, under the Cha...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kairomone
A kairomone (a coinage using the Greek καιρός opportune moment, paralleling pheromone) is a semiochemical, emitted by an organism, which mediates interspecific interactions in a way that benefits an individual of another species which receives it and harms the emitter. This "eavesdropping" is often disadvantageous to t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flanders%20Marine%20Institute
The Flanders Marine Institute (Dutch: Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee, VLIZ) provides a focal point for marine scientific research in Flanders, northern Belgium. The Flemish government established the institute in 1999 together with the province of West Flanders and the Fund for Scientific Research. VLIZ promotes the acc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%20Office/36
Office/36 was a suite of applications marketed by IBM from 1983 to 2000 for the IBM System/36 family of midrange computers. IBM announced its System/36 Office Automation (OA) strategy in 1985. Office/36 could be purchased in its entirety, or piecemeal. Components of Office/36 include: IDDU/36, the Interactive Data D...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProBiS
ProBiS is a computer software which allows prediction of binding sites and their corresponding ligands for a given protein structure. Initially ProBiS was developed as a ProBiS algorithm by Janez Konc and Dušanka Janežič in 2010 and is now available as ProBiS server, ProBiS CHARMMing server, ProBiS algorithm and ProBiS...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expected%20value%20of%20sample%20information
In decision theory, the expected value of sample information (EVSI) is the expected increase in utility that a decision-maker could obtain from gaining access to a sample of additional observations before making a decision. The additional information obtained from the sample may allow them to make a more informed, and...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluggoe
Bluggoe, Orinoco, Musa Orinoco, or burro is a cultivar of banana. Genome Bluggoe is a triploid ABB cultivar. Cultivation Bluggoe is a cold hardy banana, growing in USDA zones 810 or 710. Tree to tall. Width of leaves same dimensions. Flowers Pink to cream coloured. Fruit About long x diameter. It is primarily ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanothermus
Methanothermus is a genus of microbes within the family Methanothermaceae. The species within this genes are hyperthermophiles and strictly anaerobic. They produce energy through the reduction of carbon dioxide with hydrogen to produce methane. it is found in hydrothermal vents with temperatures as high as 85 °C and p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasternal%20lymph%20nodes
The parasternal lymph nodes (or sternal glands) are placed at the anterior ends of the intercostal spaces, by the side of the internal thoracic artery. They derive afferents from the mamma; from the deeper structures of the anterior abdominal wall above the level of the umbilicus; from the upper surface of the liver t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison%20of%20code%20generation%20tools
List of tools Technical features
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photonics%20Spectra
Photonics Spectra is a monthly business-to-business (B2B) magazine published for the engineers, scientists, and end users who develop, commercialize and buy photonic products. It provides both technical and applications information for all aspects of the global industry, integrating all segments of photonics: optics, l...