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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturday%20morning%20preview%20specials | Saturday morning preview specials were aired on television annually to present previews of each network's fall lineup of Saturday-morning cartoon children's programming. Like for their new prime time counterpart shows, television networks in the United States and Canada would film a preview special for the fall season. These would often air as part of the regular network schedule, or be made available to their affiliates for airing at any time, especially to fill timeslots which contained programming canceled months before.
Format
The Saturday morning previews were generally aired on the network in prime-time, usually the Friday night before the new schedule began. Specials were staggered between differing time slots and days in order to allow each network's show to stand out.
The preview specials are usually hosted by stars of one or more of the network's popular series and feature an array of special guests, with the continuity between each program preview being fictionalized with a small plot or theme to keep viewers interested. The previews were for new and returning series, with each preview featuring the show's opening credits and a scene from that program. They also unveiled a network's new imaging for Saturday morning programming.
History
Hanna-Barbera Productions created a half-hour syndicated film called "Here Comes a Star" (1964) with Bill Hanna and Joe Barbera playing themselves promoting its newest series, The Magical Gorilla Show. The program, hosted by You Bet Your Life announcer George Fenneman, offered an inside look at the animation studio and a peek at the upcoming feature, Hey There, It's Yogi Bear. The first network preview special was The World of Secret Squirrel and Atom Ant (1965), a 60-minute special airing on NBC in primetime to celebrate Hanna-Barbera's first animated series made for Saturday morning television.
Decline
CBS, which had only irregularly carried preview specials, aired its last in 1985. The other two major networks continued near-annually. NBC's last was in 1991, as by 1992, the network had abandoned cartoons in favor of its teen sitcom block TNBC. ABC continued an annual Saturday preview special as part of its TGIF block through the 1990s, finally ending the practice in 1999, TGIF's last year in its original form.
4Kids Entertainment aired preview specials sporadically for its two blocks, FoxBox and The CW4Kids. Neither Fox Kids nor Kids' WB continued the practice as an annual tradition, though both had aired one-off preview specials in the 1990s.
Because the preview specials incorporated clips from a variety of sources with cross-platform licensing, it was legally impossible to sell them in syndication packages or release them on home video or streaming services.
Year-by-year guide
Syndication
1964 - Here Comes a Star (hosted by George Fenneman) promoting The Magical Gorilla Show
ABC
1969 - Super Saturday Cartoon Preview (hosted by the cast of the Ghost and Mrs. Muir and Jonathan Frid from |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joanna%20Rutkowska | Joanna Rutkowska (born 1981 in Warsaw) is a Polish computer security researcher, primarily known for her research on low-level security and stealth malware, and as founder of the Qubes OS security-focused desktop operating system.
She became known in the security community after the Black Hat Briefings conference in Las Vegas in August 2006, where Rutkowska presented an attack against Vista kernel protection mechanism, and also a technique dubbed Blue Pill, that used hardware virtualization to move a running OS into a virtual machine. Subsequently, she has been named one of Five Hackers who Put a Mark on 2006 by eWeek Magazine for her research on the topic. The original concept of Blue Pill was published by another researcher at IEEE Oakland in May 2006 under the name VMBR.
During the following years, Rutkowska continued to focus on low-level security. In 2007 she demonstrated that certain types of hardware-based memory acquisition (e.g. FireWire based) are unreliable and can be defeated. Later in 2007, together with team member Alexander Tereshkin, presented further research on virtualization malware. In 2008, Rutkowska with her team focused on Xen hypervisor security. In 2009, together with a team member Rafal Wojtczuk, presented an attack against Intel Trusted Execution Technology and Intel System Management Mode.
In April 2007, Rutkowska founded Invisible Things Lab in Warsaw, Poland. The company focuses on OS and VMM security research and provides various consulting services. In a 2009 blog post she coined the term "evil maid attack", detailing a method for accessing encrypted data on disk by compromising the firmware via an external USB flash drive.
In 2010, she and Rafal Wojtczuk began working on the Qubes OS security-oriented desktop Xen distribution, which utilizes Fedora Linux. The initial release of Qubes 1.0 was completed by September 3, 2012. Its main concept is "security by compartmentalization", using domains implemented as lightweight Xen virtual machines to isolate various subsystems. Each compartment is referred to as a Qube, which operates as a separate hardware level virtual machine. The project refers to itself as "a reasonably secure operating system" and has received endorsements by numerous privacy and security experts. It is fairly unique in its capabilities, having a design informed by research on proven vulnerabilities in the trusted compute base (TCB), that are unaddressed in most common desktop operating systems.
She has published seminal works on systems trustability, most recently Intel x86 Considered Harmful and State Considered Harmful - A Proposal for a Stateless Laptop. Rutkowska has been invited as an esteemed presenter at security conferences, such as Chaos Communication Congress, Black Hat Briefings, HITB, RSA Conference, RISK, EuSecWest & Gartner IT Security Summit.
References
External links
Invisible Things Lab - corporate website
CNET news - Vista Hacked at Black Hat
SubVirt: Implementing malware w |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hume%20%28programming%20language%29 | Hume is a functionally based programming language developed at the University of St Andrews and Heriot-Watt University in Scotland since the year 2000. The language name is both an acronym meaning 'Higher-order Unified Meta-Environment' and an honorific to the 18th-century philosopher David Hume. It targets real-time computing embedded systems, aiming to produce a design that is both highly abstract, and yet allows precise extraction of time and space execution costs. This allows guaranteeing the bounded time and space demands of executing programs.
Hume combines functional programming ideas with ideas from finite state automata. Automata are used to structure communicating programs into a series of "boxes", where each box maps inputs to outputs in a purely functional way using high-level pattern-matching. It is structured as a series of levels, each of which exposes different machine properties.
Design model
The Hume language design attempts to maintain the essential properties and features required by the embedded systems domain (especially for transparent time and space costing) whilst incorporating as high a level of program abstraction as possible. It aims to target applications ranging from simple microcontrollers to complex real-time systems such as smartphones. This ambitious goal requires incorporating both low-level notions such as interrupt handling, and high-level ones of data structure abstraction etc. Such systems are programmed in widely differing ways, but the language design should accommodate such varying requirements.
Hume is a three-layer language: an outer (static) declaration/metaprogramming layer, an intermediate coordination layer describing a static layout of dynamic processes and the associated devices, and an inner layer describing each process as a (dynamic) mapping from patterns to expressions. The inner layer is stateless and purely functional.
Rather than attempting to apply cost modeling and correctness proving technology to an existing language framework either directly or by altering a more general language (as with e.g., RTSJ), the approach taken by the Hume designers is to design Hume in such a way that formal models and proofs can definitely be constructed. Hume is structured as a series of overlapping language levels, where each level adds expressibility to the expression semantics, but either loses some desirable property or increases the technical difficulty of providing formal correctness/cost models.
Characteristics
The interpreter and compiler versions differ a bit.
the interpreter (concept prover) admits timeout and custom exceptions.
the compiler admits heap and stack cost bounding but exceptions only print the exception name.
The coordination system wires boxes in a dataflow programming style.
The expression language is Haskell-like.
The message passing concurrency system remembers JoCaml's join-patterns or Polyphonic C Sharp chords, but with all channels asynchronous.
There is a schedul |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MBASE | Model-Based Architecture and Software Engineering (MBASE) in software engineering is a software development process developed by Barry Boehm and Dan Port in the late 1990s. MBASE focuses on ensuring that a project's product models (architecture, requirements, source code, etc.), process models (tasks, activities, milestones), property models (cost, schedule, performance, dependability), and success models (stakeholder win-win, IKIWISI - I'll Know It When I See It, business case) are consistent and mutually enforcing.
MBASE is an approach to the development of software systems that integrates the system's process (PS), product (PD), property (PY) and success (SS) models, models that are documented in the following system definition elements (also referred to as “artifacts” or “deliverables”):
Operational Concept Description (OCD)
System and Software Requirements Definition (SSRD)
System and Software Architecture Description (SSAD)
Life Cycle Plan (LCP)
Feasibility Rationale Description (FRD)
Construction, Transition, Support (CTS) plans and reports
Risk-driven prototypes
The essence of the LeanMBASE approach is to develop the system definition elements concurrently, through iterative refinement, using the risk-driven, three-anchor point, Win–Win Spiral approach defined in Boehm's Anchoring the Software Process.
History
Over the three years (1995 to 1998) of developing digital library products for the libraries at University of Southern California (USC), Barry Boehm and Dan Port had been evolving an approach called Model-Based (System) Architecture and Software Engineering (MBASE).
See also
Model-driven engineering (i.e. OMG's MDA applied in the Platform/Technology-Independent Model (PIM/TIM) and Platform/Technology-Specific Model (PSM/TSM) in MBASE's SSAD)
References
USC Center for Software Engineering (CSE) MBASE Research
Barry Boehm: Anchoring the Software Process
Barry Boehm and Dan Port: Conceptual Modeling Challenges for Model-Based Architecting and Software Engineering (MBASE)
Barry Boehm, et al.: Guidelines for Lean Model-Based (System) Architecting and Software Engineering (LeanMBASE)
External links
Barry Boehm, David M. Wong, and Raffi Tikidjian: Reconciling LeanMBASE with Role-based Agility
Software development process |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classpath | Classpath is a parameter in the Java Virtual Machine or the Java compiler that specifies the location of user-defined classes and packages. The parameter may be set either on the command-line, or through an environment variable.
Overview and architecture
Similar to the classic dynamic loading behavior, when executing Java programs, the Java Virtual Machine finds and loads classes lazily (it loads the bytecode of a class only when the class is first used). The classpath tells Java where to look in the filesystem for files defining these classes.
The virtual machine searches for and loads classes in this order:
bootstrap classes: the classes that are fundamental to the Java Platform (comprising the public classes of the Java Class Library, and the private classes that are necessary for this library to be functional).
extension classes: packages that are in the extension directory of the Java Runtime Environment or JDK, jre/lib/ext/
user-defined packages and libraries
By default only the packages of the JDK standard API and extension packages are accessible without needing to set where to find them. The path for all user-defined packages and libraries must be set in the command-line (or in the Manifest associated with the Jar file containing the classes).
Setting the path to execute Java programs
Supplying as application argument
Suppose we have a package called org.mypackage containing the classes:
HelloWorld (main class)
SupportClass
UtilClass
and the files defining this package are stored physically under the directory D:\myprogram (on Windows) or /home/user/myprogram (on Linux).
The file structure looks like this:
When we invoke Java, we specify the name of the application to run: org.mypackage.HelloWorld. However we must also tell Java where to look for the files and directories defining our package. So to launch the program, we use the following command:
where:
java is the Java runtime launcher, a type of SDK Tool (A command-line tool, such as javac, javadoc, or apt)
-classpath D:\myprogram sets the path to the packages used in the program (on Linux, -cp /home/user/myprogram) and
org.mypackage.HelloWorld is the name of the main class
Setting the path through an environment variable
The environment variable named CLASSPATH may be alternatively used to set the classpath. For the above example, we could also use on Windows:
D:\myprogram>set CLASSPATH=D:\myprogram
D:\myprogram>java org.mypackage.HelloWorld
The rule is that -classpath option, when used to start the java application, overrides the CLASSPATH environment variable. If none are specified, the current working directory is used as classpath. This means that when our working directory is D:\myprogram\ (on Linux, /home/user/myprogram/), we would not need to specify the classpath explicitly. When overriding however, it is advised to include the current folder "." into the classpath in the case when loading classes from current folder is desired.
The same applies no |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-boat%20%28disambiguation%29 | U-boat (German: U-Boot) is a German military submarine of World War I and II.
U-boat or U-Boot may also refer to:
Software
Das U-Boot, computer software, a GNU GPL boot loader
U-boat (video game), a 1994 video game
Uboat (video game), an upcoming submarine simulation video game
Transport
U-boat, a nickname for the GE Universal Series of diesel locomotives built by General Electric
Southern Railway's U and U1 class locomotives, nicknamed "U-boats"
U-boat, an Australian class of interurban railcars, otherwise known as U sets
U-boat, a nickname for the WAGR U Class steam locomotives built by the North British Locomotive Company in 1942
Other
U-Boot (beer cocktail), a cocktail made with vodka and beer
"U Boat", a song on the album Kasabian by the band of the same name
it:U-boat |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel%205%20Broadcasting%20Limited | Channel Five Broadcasting Limited is a British media company and a wholly-owned subsidiary of American media conglomerate Paramount Global, which is grouped under Paramount Networks UK & Australia division. Its original and principal activity is the British national television network Channel 5, however it now also consists of four other digital channels and its own streaming service.
History
The Launch
Channel 5 Broadcasting Limited was licensed by the UK's then-independent statutory regulator the Independent Television Commission (ITC) in 1995 after a bidding process that started in 1993 and lasted throughout 1994. The initial round of bidders, which included a network of Citytv stations planned by Thames Television and the Italian politician and media tycoon Silvio Berlusconi (who founded MFE - MediaForEurope, which owns Canale 5 and formerly owned La Cinq, which ceased operations in 1992; he retired his offer a few months later), was rejected outright and the ITC contemplated not awarding the licence at all.
The difficulty with the project lay in use of television broadcast frequencies that had been allocated to RF outputs from domestic videocassette recorders. To achieve national coverage, large numbers of domestic video recorders (which output at a nearby frequency) had to be retuned or fitted with a filter, at the bidding company's expense.
The project was revived in mid-1994 when the ITC re-advertised the franchise. Tom McGrath, then-president of Time Warner International Broadcasting, put together a revised frequency plan with NTL and consulting engineer Ellis Griffiths, involving less retuning and greater signal coverage. Lord Hollick, then chief executive of Meridian Broadcasting (later United News & Media, and UBM) took up the project as lead investor as UK law prohibited Time Warner from owning more than 25%. Pearson Television, who by now owned original licence bidders Thames Television, also came on board. When McGrath left to become President of Paramount, Time Warner dropped out of the project and was replaced by the Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Télédiffusion (CLT, known in the UK for Radio Luxembourg under CLT's former name of the Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Radiodiffusion, CLR). Other bidders for the licence included UKTV (led by Canwest and Select TV, who bid £36m for the licence), New Century Television (owned by BSkyB and Granada, who bid £2m), Virgin TV (backed by Virgin Communications) and Associated Newspapers (who bid £22m, the same as Channel 5 Broadcasting who won the licence).
A series of pre-launch screens were displayed on the frequencies Channel 5 would begin broadcasting on in the months before launch as well, including a trailer for the channel and information screens. After re-tuning, around 65% of the population's televisions could view the channel on launch night.
Growth & Merger Talks (2000–2010)
On 27 February 2004, it was reported that Five and Channel 4 were discussing a possible merger. Channel 4 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple%20working | On the UK rail network, multiple working is where two or more traction units (locomotives, diesel multiple units or electric multiple units) are coupled together in such a way that they are all under the control of one driver (multiple-unit train control).
If the front locomotive of a pair in multiple has failed the driver can still control the rear locomotive for as long as air and electricity supplies are available on the failed locomotive.
In tandem is when more than one diesel or electric locomotive are hauling a single train and under the control of a driver on each locomotive.
Locomotives
In the early days of diesel locomotives in the 1960s, locomotives worked within their class (i.e. two locomotives of the same class could work together but not with other classes). Locomotives from different manufacturers had varying methods of controlling engines or braking systems. If a train required more than one locomotive, an additional driver was needed, at extra expense.
Since then, locomotives have been built to work with other locomotives in the same code or system. Similar systems are assigned a coupling code, which is normally indicated on the front of the locomotive.
Early diesels were also fitted with communicating doors in the nose which allowed the secondman to access the train heating boiler of the rearmost locomotive. The doors actually saw little use and, as they frequently caused draughts in the cab, many of them were later welded shut.
Multiple units
First-generation
First-generation diesel multiple units had the additional problem of differing types of transmission. For instance, a Class 127 unit (hydraulic transmission) could be required to work in multiple with a Class 112 unit (mechanical transmission). For this reason, the drive selector on the Class 127 was fitted with positions marked "D, 3, 2, 1" to change the gears when working in formation with vehicles with mechanical transmission. However, because of damage to mechanical transmissions caused by improper gear selection on coupled hydraulic units, the Class 127 units had their coupling code changed from Blue Square to Red Triangle, which differed from Blue Square in name only and was unrelated to an earlier Red Triangle code used for the Derby Lightweight hydraulics.
First-generation DMU coupling codes:
Second-generation
Most second-generation units built by British Rail were designed to use the BSI multiple working system, including members of the 14x Pacer and 15x Sprinter families. Some post-privatisation trains such as the Class 168, 170 and 172s were fitted with BSI couplers enabling them to operate in multiple with older stock, while other incompatible systems emerged. Examples included Dellner-couplers fitted to Class 171, 220, 221, 222, 350, 360, 375, 376, 377, 390, 700 and 710s while Scharfenbergs were fitted to Class 175 and 180s. Franchise changes and stock reallocation means that many train operating companies use fleets with a number of incompatible mul |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milkshake%21 | Milkshake! (stylised as milkshake!) is a British children's television programming block on Channel 5 and is currently aimed at children aged 5 and under.
History
The block debuted on Channel 5 in 1997 and is currently broadcast on weekdays from 06:00 to 09:15 and weekends from 06:00 to 10:00. The block has a number of presenters and features a range of children's programming.
Programmes for older children also aired from 1997 to 2002 and again from 2007 to 2016 on spin-off block Shake!, which, in its time, ran on weekends after Milkshake!.
Following Viacom's acquisition of Channel 5 in 2014 the block began airing Nick Jr programmes including Paw Patrol, Blaze and the Monster Machines, Shimmer and Shine.
On 6 July 2017, Channel 5 announced a rebranding of Milkshake! that launched on 24 July, including updated branding, a new studio, and the launch of a YouTube channel that would feature digital content related to the block.
TV channel
In November 2008, Channel 5 had been set to launch a new children's channel based on its pre-school programming block. This was a response to the BBC launching the CBBC channel and CBeebies in 2002 and ITV launching the CITV channel in 2006, but plans to launch a standalone preschool channel were put on hold indefinitely while the broadcaster awaited a buyer.
Milkshake! on 5Star
When Five Life launched in 2006, Milkshake! was shown on the channel between 09:00 and 13:00 each day. By April 2011, the channel had reduced its broadcast hours and the block was replaced by teleshopping. On 21 August 2017, Milkshake! relaunched on 5Star, where it aired from 09:15 to 11:00, before a second removal in 2018.
Programming
Current programming
The Adventures of Paddington
Ben and Holly's Little Kingdom
Brave Bunnies
Circle Square
Cooking with the Gills
Daisy and Ollie
Fireman Sam
Go Green With The Grimwades
Kangaroo Beach
Kid-E-Cats
Little Princess
Meet the Experts
Meet the Hedgehogs
Milkshake! Monkey
Milkshake! Summer Fun
Mimi's World
Odo
Oggy Oggy
Peppa Pig
Pop Paper City
Pip and Posy
Pirata and Capitano
Reu & Harper's Wonderworld
Show Me How
Sunny Bunnies
The World According to Grandpa
Thomas & Friends
Programming from Nickelodeon (U.S.)
Abby Hatcher
Baby Shark's Big Show!
Blaze and the Monster Machines
Blue's Clues and You!
Bubble Guppies
Butterbean's Café
Dora and Friends: Into the City!
Nella the Princess Knight (2017–2020)
PAW Patrol
Santiago of the Seas
Olivia
Oswald (2002–2009)
Rusty Rivets (2017–2019)
Ryan's Mystery Playdate (2020)
Shimmer and Shine
Sunny Day (2019–2020)
Top Wing
Other acquired programming
Chip and Potato
Mecha Builders
Milo
Noddy, Toyland Detective
Ricky Zoom
Thomas & Friends: All Engines Go
Upcoming programming
MixMups
Tweedy and Fluff
Stan & Gran
Former programming
The Adventures of Sinbad
The Adventures of the Bush Patrol
Angels of Jarm (2007-2017)
Anytime Tales
Atlantis High
Audrey and Friends (2000-2002)
Aussie Antics
Ba |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAPACK%2B%2B | LAPACK++, the Linear Algebra PACKage in C++, is a computer software library of algorithms for numerical linear algebra that solves systems of linear equations and eigenvalue problems.
It supports various matrix classes for vectors, non-symmetric matrices, SPD matrices, symmetric matrices, banded, triangular, and tridiagonal matrices. However, it does not include all of the capabilities of original LAPACK library.
History
The original LAPACK++ (up to v1.1a) was written by R. Pozo et al. at the University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
In 2000, R. Pozo et al. left the project, with the projects' web page stating LAPACK++ would be superseded by the Template Numerical Toolkit (TNT).
The current LAPACK++ (versions 1.9 onwards) started off as a fork from the original LAPACK++. There are extensive fixes and changes, such as more wrapper functions for LAPACK and BLAS routines.
See also
List of numerical analysis software
List of numerical libraries
External links
old LAPACK++ Homepage (version 1.1a)
new LAPACK++ Homepage (versions 1.9 onwards)
C++ numerical libraries |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software%20for%20handling%20chess%20problems | This article covers computer software designed to solve, or assist people in creating or solving, chess problems – puzzles in which pieces are laid out as in a game of chess, and may at times be based upon real games of chess that have been played and recorded, but whose aim is to challenge the problemist to find a solution to the posed situation, within the rules of chess, rather than to play games of chess from the beginning against an opponent.
This is usually distinct from actually playing and analyzing games of chess. Many chess playing programs also have provision for solving some kinds of problem such as checkmate in a certain number of moves (directmates), and some also have support for helpmates and selfmates.
Software for chess problems can be used for creating and solving problems, including checking the soundness of a concept and position, storing it in a database, printing and publishing, and saving and exporting the problem. As such they can not only solve direct mates, helpmates and selfmates, but at times even problems with fairy pieces and other fairy chess problems. There have also been some attempts to have computers "compose" problems, largely autonomously.
Software
Alybadix
First developed in 1980 by Ilkka Blom, Alybadix is a suite of chess problem-solving programs for DOS and Commodore 64. Alybadix supports solving classical problems: selfmates, reflex mates, series mates, Circe, maximummers, and many Fairy types. It comes with a large problem collection and supports quality printing. In 1993, Schach und Spiele magazine considered Alybadix to be six times faster than other playing machines including the RISC 2500.
Popeye
Popeye is a chess problem-solving software accommodating many fairy chess rules and able to investigate set play and tries. It can be used with several operating systems and can be connected to several existing graphical interfaces since it comes with freely available source code, cf. . Since its origin, Popeye was designed as a general-purpose, extensible tool for checking fairy and heterodox chess problems. The original author of Popeye was Philippe Schnoebelen who wrote it in Pascal under MS-DOS around 1983-84. In 1986 the code was donated in the spirit of the free software movement. Elmar Bartel, Norbert Geissler, Thomas Maeder, Torsten Linss, Stefan Hoening, Stefan Brunzen, Harald Denker, Thomas Bark and Stephen Emmerson, converted Popeye to the C programming language, and now maintain the program.
A good graphic interface "AP WIN" a freeware, for using with Windows XP or Windows 7 has since been developed by Paul H. Wiereyn. Using this one can create diagrams and use Popeye for solving problems directly from the diagram.
Chloe and Winchloe
Chloe (DOS) and Winchloe (proprietary software) are solving programs written by Christian Poisson. Winchloe not only supports classical problems — direct mates, helpmates and selfmates — but also many fairy pieces and conditions with different sized chessboa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avarus | Avarus (masculine) or Avara (feminine) is a Latin adjective meaning "greedy, covetous" and may refer to:
Avara, a 1996 computer action game made by Ambrosia Software for the Apple Macintosh
Avarus (Finnish band), a psych folk band from Tampere, Finland
For the Roman term for a northern cape in Portugal, see Cape Santo André. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogue%20Wave%20Software | Rogue Wave Software was an American software development company based in Louisville, Colorado. It provided cross-platform software development tools and embedded components for parallel, data-intensive, and other high-performance computing (HPC) applications.
In January 2019, the firm was acquired by Minneapolis, Minnesota-based application software developer Perforce, which is maintaining Rogue Wave's products.
History
The company was founded in 1989 in Seattle, Washington by Thomas Keffer and Richard Romea, producing a C++ class library in 1989 called Math.h++. In 1990, the company moved to Corvallis, Oregon, and released Tools.h++, which predated the Standard Template Library. In November 1996, they had an initial public offering, listing their shares on the NASDAQ under symbol RWAV. In January 1998, Rogue Wave Software announced they were buying Morrisville, North Carolina-based Stingray Software, a developer of object oriented tools for Windows programmers.
In 2001, the ".h++" products were combined into the product family SourcePro C++. In 2003, the company was acquired by Quovadx, which was in turn acquired by private equity firm Battery Ventures in July 2007.
Rogue Wave Software then became an independent company again. In May 2009, the company acquired Visual Numerics, developer of IMSL Numerical Libraries and PV-WAVE data analytics software, and TotalView Technologies, Inc (formerly Etnus, Inc.), which provides debugging tools for C, C++ and Fortran (TotalView, MemoryScape and ReplayEngine).
In 2010, the company acquired Acumem, a multicore performance software company and developer of Threadspotter performance optimization software. In May 2012, they acquired IBM's ILOG C++ visualization products, followed by their Java and Flex visualization products in September 2014.
In August 2013, the company acquired open source software consulting firm OpenLogic, and static code analysis software Klocwork in January 2014. With expanding business scope and need for new hires, in October 2015, Rogue Wave moved from Boulder to a somewhat larger and newer space in Louisville, closer to the Denver talent pool; it also acquired Zend Technologies, a maker of PHP tools and services. In November 2016, Rogue Wave Software announced the acquisition of Akana, a leading API management software vendor. In November 2017, the company acquired ZeroTurnaround, creator of JRebel and XRebel Java developer tools for profiling and deployment.
In January 2019, the company was acquired by Minneapolis-based application software developer Perforce.
Products and services
Rogue Wave products acquired by Perforce included the following:
Akana - computer software products for application programming interface (API) management
CodeDynamics - a software tool for dynamic code analysis
HostAccess - a suite of terminal emulation products for Windows
HydraExpress - a framework for creating C++ Web services from existing C++ code
IMSL Numerical Libraries - a commercial c |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDDR5%20SDRAM | Graphics Double Data Rate 5 Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory (GDDR5 SDRAM) is a type of synchronous graphics random-access memory (SGRAM) with a high bandwidth ("double data rate") interface designed for use in graphics cards, game consoles, and high-performance computing. It is a type of GDDR SDRAM (graphics DDR SDRAM).
Overview
Like its predecessor, GDDR4, GDDR5 is based on DDR3 SDRAM memory, which has double the data lines compared to DDR2 SDRAM. GDDR5 also uses 8-bit wide prefetch buffers similar to GDDR4 and DDR3 SDRAM.
GDDR5 SGRAM conforms to the standards which were set out in the GDDR5 specification by the JEDEC. SGRAM is single-ported. However, it can open two memory pages at once, which simulates the dual-port nature of other VRAM technologies. It uses an 8N-prefetch architecture and DDR interface to achieve high performance operation and can be configured to operate in ×32 mode or ×16 (clamshell) mode which is detected during device initialization. The GDDR5 interface transfers two 32-bit wide data words per write clock (WCK) cycle to/from the I/O pins. Corresponding to the 8N-prefetch, a single write or read access consists of a 256-bit wide two CK clock cycle data transfer at the internal memory core and eight corresponding 32-bit wide one-half WCK clock cycle data transfers at the I/O pins.
GDDR5 operates with two different clock types. A differential command clock (CK) as a reference for address and command inputs, and a forwarded differential write clock (WCK) as a reference for data reads and writes, that runs at twice the CK frequency. Being more precise, the GDDR5 SGRAM uses a total of three clocks: two write clocks associated with two bytes (WCK01 and WCK23) and a single command clock (CK). Taking a GDDR5 with 5 Gbit/s data rate per pin as an example, the CK runs with 1.25 GHz and both WCK clocks at 2.5 GHz. The CK and WCKs are phase aligned during the initialization and training sequence. This alignment allows read and write access with minimum latency.
A single 32-bit GDDR5 chip has about 67 signal pins and the rest are power and grounds in the 170 BGA package.
Commercialization of GDDR5
GDDR5 was revealed by Samsung Electronics in July 2007. They announced that they would mass-produce GDDR5 starting in January 2008.
Hynix Semiconductor introduced the industry's first 60 nm class "1 Gb" (10243 bit) GDDR5 memory in 2007. It supported a bandwidth of 20 GB/s on a 32-bit bus, which enables memory configurations of 1 GB at 160 GB/s with only 8 circuits on a 256-bit bus. The following year, in 2008, Hynix bested this technology with its 50 nm class "1 Gb" GDDR5 memory.
In November 2007, Qimonda, a spin-off of Infineon, demonstrated and sampled GDDR5, and released a paper about the technologies behind GDDR5. As of May 10, 2008, Qimonda announced volume production of 512 Mb GDDR5 components rated at 3.6 Gbit/s (900 MHz), 4.0 Gbit/s (1 GHz), and 4.5 Gbit/s (1.125 GHz).
On November 20, 2009, Elpida Memory announc |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontario%20Parliament%20Network | The Ontario Parliament Network (stylized ONT.PARL since 2018) is a television channel in the Canadian province of Ontario, established in 1986 to broadcast the parliamentary proceedings of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. It is available on all cable television providers in Ontario, as well as by webcast.
When the legislature is not sitting, the network broadcasts committee hearings which take place in the Amethyst Room. Each Sunday, a compilation series called Sunday Encore rebroadcasts the highlights from the previous week. Closed captioning is also provided. The Ontario Parliament Network's coverage of Question Period is also aired from 3:00-4:00am the following morning on TVOntario stations.
When meetings are adjourned and there are no sittings, the channel plays music in full-length albums and shows pictures in and around the building with scheduled sittings and events. This music includes jazz musicians like Oscar Peterson, Moe Koffman, Ed Bickert, Lorne Lofsky and Jim Galloway, and there are also classical, Latin, flamenco and British-style brass band albums. The classical performers include guitarists Liona Boyd and Norbert Kraft, cellist Ofra Harnoy, and trumpeter Johnny Cowell. Orchestras are the Toronto Symphony Orchestra, Toronto Chamber Orchestra, and CBC Vancouver Orchestra and the brass band is the Hannaford Street Silver Band. Around Christmas time, the selection changes to Christmas-themed albums by the same people and shows pictures inside the building all decorated with Christmas garments and tree. New albums include jazz music performed by the University of Toronto 12tet and classical music performed by Gryphon Trio and guitarist Jeffrey McFadden. The songs and names of albums are displayed when they start playing.
List of transmitters
In a number of small communities in Northern Ontario without cable service, TVOntario also formerly operated LPTV transmitters which broadcast the network as a conventional over-the-air signal. These transmitters operated with the call sign CJOL-TV.
As well as the service's regular programming, the transmitters also leased broadcasting time to the Wawatay Native Communications Society, a producer of First Nations television programming. In 1989, the service aired the first-ever television broadcast of a First Nations pow-wow.
In April 2012, TVOntario announced that it would be decommissioning all of its remaining analog transmitters and associated towers by October 2013 including towers that it owns, which would impact the Ontario Parliament Network, as it shares towers with TVOntario. As of December 2012, the Ontario Parliament Network only has 10 remaining over-the-air transmitters, according to Industry Canada's TV spectrum database. Previously, there had been 32 transmitters with the call sign of CJOL-TV. As of 2015, it is uncertain if any of these remaining analog transmitters are still in operation.
References
External links
Legislative Assembly of Ontario
Television channe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve%20Ludzik | Stephen Paul Ludzik (born April 3, 1961) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player and coach who has worked as a television analyst for The Score television network. He played in the National Hockey League for the Chicago Blackhawks and Buffalo Sabres between 1981 and 1990. He later coached the Tampa Bay Lightning between 1999 and 2001, and also spent several years coaching in the minor leagues.
Biography
As a youth, Ludzik played in the 1974 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with a minor ice hockey team from Toronto.
He had a distinguished junior career with the Niagara Falls Flyers of the Ontario Hockey League, amassing 125 goals and 233 assists, for a total of 358 points. This broke the career point total record for the Flyers, which still stands today. He was subsequently named to the Flyers' All-Time Five Man All-Star Team.
He was drafted 28th overall by the Chicago Black Hawks in the 1980 NHL Entry Draft. After one more year of junior hockey, Ludzik turned pro in 1981–82. He split that season between the Black Hawks and the American Hockey League's New Brunswick Hawks. The next season, he became a Black Hawk regular.
Ludzik played with the Black Hawks until the 1988–89 season. Except for 11 games with the Buffalo Sabres in 1989–90, he spent the rest of his playing career in the minors. He played in a total of 424 NHL games and scored 46 goals and 93 assists.
Coaching
After retiring as a player, Ludzik turned to coaching, starting in the IHL with the Muskegon Fury and then the Detroit Vipers, where he won the 1996–97 Turner Cup with General Manager Rick Dudley. He then spent two years as head coach of the Tampa Bay Lightning, but was let go after the 2000–01 season. He subsequently went to the OHL as head coach of the Mississauga IceDogs, and then to the AHL, where he ended his coaching career in 2004–05 with the San Antonio Rampage.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
NHL coaching career
Other leagues
Broadcasting and publishing
Since coaching, Ludzik has been a hockey pundit on television, most notably on The Score Television Network. He also co-authored a book, entitled "Been There, Done That".
Parkinson's disease
Ludzik came public in 2012 that he has Parkinson's disease and was diagnosed in 2000.
References
External links
1961 births
Living people
Buffalo Sabres players
Canadian ice hockey coaches
Canadian ice hockey centres
Canadian people of Polish descent
Canadian television sportscasters
Chicago Blackhawks draft picks
Chicago Blackhawks players
EK Zell am See players
Florida Panthers coaches
Mississauga IceDogs coaches
Montreal Canadiens scouts
New Brunswick Hawks players
Niagara Falls Flyers players
Rochester Americans players
Saginaw Hawks players
Ice hockey people from Etobicoke
Tampa Bay Lightning coaches |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20biodiversity%20databases | This is a list of biodiversity databases. Biodiversity databases store taxonomic information alone or more commonly also other information like distribution (spatial) data and ecological data, which provide information on the biodiversity of a particular area or group of living organisms. They may store specimen-level information, species-level information, information on nomenclature, or any combination of the above. Most are available online.
Specimen-focused databases contain data about individual specimens, as represented by vouchered museum specimens, collections of specimen photographs, data on field-based specimen observations and morphological or genetic data. Species-focused databases contain information summarised at the species-level. Some species-focused databases attempt to compile comprehensive data about particular species (FishBase), while others focus on particular species attributes, such as checklists of species in a given area (FEOW) or the conservation status of species (CITES or IUCN Red List). Nomenclators act as summaries of taxonomic revisions and set a key between specimen-focused and species-focused databases. They do this because taxonomic revisions use specimen data to determine species limits.
See also
Taxonomic database
Biodiversity informatics
Global biodiversity
References
External links
List of species databases at the Catalogue of Life
List of biodiversity databases at Biodiversity Tools
Databases
Biodiversity databases
Biological databases
Biology-related lists
Biodiversity
Lists of websites |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip%20Bailey%20%28statistician%29 | Philip Jonathan Bailey (born 10 June 1953) is an English cricket statistician. He was educated at Eltham College and Cambridge University.
He is the chief statistician and records compiler for Wisden Cricketers' Almanack and contributes the career records section to Playfair Cricket Annual. He has previously worked for the Cricinfo website and for CricketArchive. He is a co-author of The Who's Who of Cricketers published by Hamlyn in 1993.
Bailey is acknowledged to be one of the major cricket statisticians of his generation. Wisden editor Matthew Engel credits him with taking "this abstruse branch of science to levels that in other fields win Nobel Prizes".
References
1953 births
Living people
People from Essex
People from Orpington
Cricket historians and writers
People educated at Eltham College
Cricket statisticians |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mater%20and%20the%20Ghostlight | Mater and the Ghostlight is a 2006 American computer-animated short film released as a special feature on the DVD of Pixar's film Cars, which was released in the United States on November 7, 2006. The short, set in the Cars world, tells a story of Mater being haunted by a mysterious blue light.
Plot
Mater has been pranking the other residents of Radiator Springs by moving Red's flowers, bursting out from a pile of tires built to resemble the Colosseum to startle Guido and Luigi, dressing up as a cone vampire to scare Sally, attempting to scare Lizzie while she is sleeping which is unsuccessful, moving Fillmore's gas cans back outside while he takes them in and scaring Lightning McQueen when he believes Mater is hiding behind a pile of cans ready to jump out (what was really behind the pile of cans was one of Mater's signs). Afterwards, Mater teases Lightning as if he had seen "the Ghostlight," a Route 66 urban legend.
Sheriff admonishes him for mocking the urban legend. When Lightning asks about the Ghostlight, Sheriff explains that the Ghostlight is a blue paranormal orb of light that haunts Radiator Springs, but Mater reminds Lightning that it is not real. Sheriff points out that it is in fact, real, shocking them. He then tells everyone the tale of the Ghostlight, explaining the disappearance of a young couple that encountered it, leaving behind two "out-of-state license plates" and that it hates nothing more than the sound of clanking metal. At this point, Mater is so scared that he begins making the noise that the Ghostlight dislikes the most and tries to stop himself. Sheriff ends the story with a warning that the Ghostlight could be anywhere. The rest of the residents say goodnight and turn off all the store lights, leaving a nervous and scared Mater all alone in the dark. Nervous, he returns to his junkyard and sees a shadow of a monster and, in a sudden shock, shines his light on it, revealing it to be just a pile of junk with another of his signs. After he accidentally breaks his headlight in fear, he enters his wall-less garage and closes the door, which then falls down. A light suddenly appears in front of him and he panics, believing it to be the Ghostlight until he realizes it is just a lightning bug. Suddenly, a blue light appears behind him. After using his mirror to observe it, he runs for it thinking it is that Ghostlight.
Mayhem ensues as Mater is pursued by the Ghostlight, ultimately revealed to be just a lantern affixed to Mater's towing cable by Lightning and Guido. He wakes Frank and his tractors and drives through Willy’s Butte and goes into slow motion (in a matter similar to Doc Hudson’s slide). The other residents of Radiator Springs watch as Mater drives around frantically with the "Ghostlight" on his tail, before Mater tires himself out and discovers the truth. The cars tell him it was all a prank to pay him back for all his pranks he played on them. Sheriff gently tells Mater that the only thing to be scared of on |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTV%20%28Latin%20American%20TV%20channel%29 | MTV is a Latin American pay television network that was launched on 1 October 1993 as the Hispanic American version of MTV. It is owned by Paramount Networks Americas, a subsidiary of Paramount Global.
The channel broadcasts music videos as well as reality shows, TV series and movies, which may be directly or indirectly related to music, aimed at the youth. Its schedule is focused on certain musical genres, mainly pop, rock mix, reggaeton (since 2005), hip hop, trap, electronic music, and K-pop (since 2018). Each of these categories includes music in English, Spanish and Korean.
MTV Latin America is headquartered in Miami Beach covering the region, centered in Mexico City, Mexico and Buenos Aires, Argentina.
The channel has also produced its own versions of MTV reality shows like Room Raiders or Dismissed, but most of the time curse words are not censored in Latin American countries (specially during the watershed time). The first video broadcast by the network was We are sudamerican rockers by Chilean band Los Prisioneros.
History
A few important events in the late 1980s led to the creation of MTV Latin America. Firstly, the program "MTV International" was created in 1988 and led by Daisy Fuentes. This weekly program was broadcast through Latin American and American channels and presented music videos from both regions. A second catalyst was the rise of the "Spanish Rock fever", which included artists such as Argentine rockers Miguel Mateos and Soda Stereo. Lastly, during these years the first-ever Spanish rock concert in the US was put on by Miguel Mateos, which created excitement amongst Latino communities in the United States.
With the growing popularity of Latino artists, channel executives began to take notice and realized the increasing quality and popularity of music sung in Spanish. After considering the success of other international MTV channels, such as MTV Europe and MTV Brasil, MTV Networks launched "MTV in Spanish" in October 1993. The channel had one signal to broadcast to all of Latin America. All programs were recorded and produced in Miami, FL where the studios were located. Daisy Fuentes became one of the first VJs for the channel.
Beto González from Guatemala was in charge of MTV media and ads from 1994 from 1999, later succeeded by Gus Rodríguez from México.
As the channel began to experience growing popularity in the early part of 1995, new shows were added to the program. For the first time, shows unrelated to music were broadcast, such as Beavis and Butthead. MTV News was added, a segment dedicated to news on celebrities, film, politics and social issues, usually combining subjective and objective commentary. Lastly, in this same year the show Conexion was launched, the most popular show in the channel's history, which has remained on air for a record length of time and boasts the largest audience of any program in the history of the channel.
Given the channel's social and economic growth, in August 1996 "MTV Lat |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trams%20in%20Z%C3%BCrich | Trams make an important contribution to public transport in the city of Zürich in Switzerland. The tram network serves most city neighbourhoods, and is the backbone of public transport within the city, albeit supplemented by the inner sections of the Zürich S-Bahn, along with urban trolleybus and bus routes, as well as two funicular railways, one rack railway and passenger boat lines on the river and on the lake. The trams and other city transport modes operate within a fare regime provided by the cantonal public transport authority Zürcher Verkehrsverbund (ZVV), which also covers regional rail and bus services.
The city's trams are operated by the Verkehrsbetriebe Zürich (VBZ), which also manages the tramway infrastructure within the city, but the city's tram tracks are also used by two other operations. The Glattalbahn tram services to the Glattal area to the north of the city interwork with the city tram services and are also operated by the VBZ, although in this case it does so as a sub-contractor to the Verkehrsbetriebe Glattal (VBG). Trains of the independent Forchbahn (FB) light railway also use the city's tram lines to reach their city centre terminus.
Trams have been a consistent part of Zürich's streetscape since the 1880s, when the first horse tram ran. Electrified from the 1890s, they have seen off challenges including proposals to replace them by trolleybuses and by a metro or U-Bahn. With a relatively static city network from the 1930s to the late 1970s, the city's trams have been expanding again since then. Recent expansions have taken the network into the suburbs beyond the city boundary, covering areas it retreated from in the first part of the 20th century. Further extensions have been approved, both to the city tram network itself, and by the introduction of a new light rail system in the Limmat Valley that will interwork with the city trams.
History
Beginnings
Various projects to introduce trams to Zürich were proposed from the 1860s onwards. It was not until 1882, however, that the first tram operated in the city. These initial trams were operated by the (ZStG), a private company, and were of standard gauge ( gauge) and horse-drawn.
By 1888 the first electric tramway in Switzerland (the Vevey–Montreux–Chillon tramway) had opened, and, in 1894, another private company, the (EStZ), started operating metre gauge ( gauge) electric trams in Zürich. The EStZ only survived for two years before it was taken over by the City of Zürich, who renamed it the Städtische Strassenbahn Zürich (StStZ). The following year, the horse trams of the ZStG were acquired.
Further tramway companies were founded, some operating entirely within the city, some connecting the city with its nearer suburbs, and some running in rural areas entirely beyond the city, but still linked by connections with other lines to the city. Like the EStZ, all these lines were electrified and were built to the metre gauge. The StStZ gradually took over those compani |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cal%20Henderson | Callum James Henderson-Begg (born 17 January 1981), known as Cal Henderson, is a British computer programmer and author based in San Francisco.
Education
Henderson attended Sharnbrook Upper School and Community College, and Birmingham City University where he graduated with a degree in software engineering in 2002.
Career
Henderson is best known as the co-founder and chief technology officer at Slack, as well as co-owning and developing the online creative community B3ta with Denise Wilton and Rob Manuel; being the chief software architect for the photo-sharing application Flickr (originally working for Ludicorp and then Yahoo); and writing the book Building Scalable Web Sites for O'Reilly Media.
He has also worked for EMAP as their technical director of special web projects and is responsible for writing City Creator among many other websites, services and desktop applications. Cal was the co-founder and VP of engineering at Tiny Speck, the company whose internal tool transitioned into Slack.
Henderson's connection to Stewart Butterfield and Slack began through a game developed by Butterfield's first company, Ludicorp, called Game Neverending. He ran a fan website dedicated to the game and broke into an internal Ludicorp mailing list. Instead of repercussions, Butterfield hired Henderson to work for his company.
Personal life
Henderson is color blind, and has worked on applications to make the web more accessible to the color blind. He is also a frequent contributor to open-source software projects and runs a number of utility websites, such as Unicodey, to make certain programming tasks easier.
Politics
In August 2022, Henderson contributed $50,000 to The Next 50, a liberal political action committee (PAC).
References
External links
Personal website
GitHub contributions
2006 Future of Web Apps Talk
1981 births
British bloggers
Living people
Web developers
Computer programmers
People educated at Sharnbrook Academy |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motif%20Window%20Manager | In computing, the Motif Window Manager (MWM) is an X window manager based on the Motif toolkit.
Overview
MWM is a lightweight window manager, having robust compliance and configuration of the features it has. MWM first appeared on in the early-1990s, along with the Motif toolkit. MWM supports: Common User Interface (i.e., Alt-Tab is switch windows, a standard), some International support, Common Desktop Environment, X Resource Database (/home/app-defaults/ and runtime), X Session Manager protocol, X Edited Resource Protocol (edit widget data), desktop icons, optional use of images to decorate, and had supported Virtual desktop (removed since 2.1) but now supports non-virtual desktop panning. MWM is a window manager, not a full desktop environment, so it only manages windows; it is expected that configuration, programs, sound, are provided by other programs. A plain text file is parsed to customize menus, user input mappings, management features, and user made functions of the same.
Licensing
Originally, MWM and Motif could only be purchased. The same software was also available as OpenMotif, though not on properly open-source or free software terms. In late 2012, Motif and MWM were released under the LGPL-2.1-or-later license as free software.
See also
FVWM
Visual User Environment
Notes
References
External links
SourceForge: Motif (source code)
SourceForge: Motif 2.0 build libXm.so.2.0.n (Data Display Debugger uses 2.0) with easier automake and optional panner
Motif: Volumes 6A and 6B (O'Reilly and Associates, free PDF downloads)
Free X window managers
Motif (software) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexmark%20International%2C%20Inc.%20v.%20Static%20Control%20Components%2C%20Inc. | Lexmark International, Inc. v. Static Control Components, Inc., is an American legal case involving the computer printer company Lexmark, which had designed an authentication system using a microcontroller so that only authorized toner cartridges could be used. The resulting litigation (described by Justice Scalia in 2014 as "sprawling", and by others as having the potential to go on as long as Jarndyce v. Jarndyce) has resulted in significant decisions affecting United States intellectual property and trademark law.
In separate rulings in 2004 and 2012, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit ruled that:
circumvention of Lexmark's ink cartridge authentication does not violate the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), and
Static Control Components had standing basis under the Lanham Act to sue Lexmark for false advertising in relation to its promotion of the program, which was unanimously affirmed in 2014 by the Supreme Court of the United States.
The Supreme Court's 2014 ruling also affects statutory interpretation in the area of standing in pursuing lawsuits on statutory grounds in a wide variety of areas in federal court.
Background
Lexmark is a large manufacturer of laser and inkjet printers, and Static Control Components (SCC) is a company that makes "a wide range of technology products, including microchips that it sells to third-party companies for use in remanufactured toner cartridges."
In an effort to control and reduce the refilling and redistribution of toner cartridges, Lexmark began distributing two distinct varieties of its toner cartridges. Under its Prebate Program (now known as the Lexmark Return Program), through a shrinkwrap license, Lexmark sold certain printer cartridges at a discount (as much as $50 less) to customers who agreed to "use the cartridge only once and return it only to Lexmark for remanufacturing or recycling". Lexmark's "Non-Prebate" cartridges could be refilled by the user without restrictions and were sold without any discount.
Lexmark touted the Prebate Program as a benefit to the environment and to their customers, since it would allow customers to get cheaper cartridges, and the benefit to Lexmark was that it could keep empty cartridges out of the hands of competing rechargers. Many users purchased such cartridges under the stated conditions.
To enforce this agreement, Lexmark cartridges included a computer chip that included a 55-byte computer program (the "Toner Loading Program") which communicated with a "Printer Engine Program" built into the printer. The program calculated the amount of toner used during printing: when the calculations indicated that the original supply of Lexmark toner should be exhausted, the printer would stop functioning, even if the cartridge had been refilled. In addition, if the chip did not perform an encrypted authentication sequence, or if the Toner Loading Program on the chip did not have a checksum matching exactly a value stored elsewhere on |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain%20Scarlet%20%28character%29 | Captain Scarlet is the fictional main character in Gerry Anderson's British Supermarionation science-fiction television series Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons and its computer-animated remake, New Captain Scarlet.
Depiction in Captain Scarlet
Well-trusted by the commander-in-chief of Spectrum, Colonel White, Captain Scarlet is the primary agent of the organisation and is assigned the most dangerous and crucial missions.
He is a close friend of Captain Blue, who is his "field partner" and thus with whom he undertakes the majority of his missions, although he is on friendly terms with all other Spectrum agents. A close relationship with Destiny Angel is also hinted at several times in the series.
Death and resurrection
Captain Scarlet was killed in the first episode of the series, in a car crash brought about by the Mysterons, which also resulted in the death of fellow officer Captain Brown. Both men were reconstructed by the aliens, who assigned their exact likenesses of both men to assassinate the World President. The Captain Brown likeness was turned into a walking bomb for this purpose. When this attempt in New York failed, the Captain Scarlet likeness kidnapped the President from Cloudbase and flew him to England, taking him to the top of the London Car-Vu, a large car park tower. Cornered while holding the President at gunpoint over the city below, the Captain Scarlet likeness was shot by Captain Blue and fell 800 feet to his apparent destruction. However, at the end of the episode it was revealed that Captain Scarlet was returning to life and had become almost incapable of dying permanently, a power called "retro-metabolism", due to the powers of "reversal of matter" that the Mysterons possess, although the fall had broken the Mysteron programming and returned him to his original personality. This extraordinary ability heals Captain Scarlet of physical injuries--and even resurrects him from death--within hours, making him virtually indestructible.
Captain Scarlet's Mysteronised body, like those of all Mysteron likenesses, is still vulnerable to high voltages of electricity and impervious to X-rays. He also has a "sixth sense" when in the presence of a strong Mysteron influence – he becomes nauseated, sweats, and suffers a severe headache – but this sense sometimes does not indicate all Mysteron presences in an area. Though Captain Scarlet "dies" several times in the course of the series – usually quite violently – he always returns to life. In "Attack on Cloudbase", Captain Scarlet is declared finally and permanently dead during the course of the battle for Cloudbase; however, this is later revealed to be Symphony Angel's hallucination as she is stranded in a desert, waiting for Spectrum to rescue her following a plane crash.
Personality
Captain Scarlet, as the main protagonist, is one of the most developed characters in the series. His real name is Paul Metcalfe. He has black hair and blue eyes, speaks with a Mid-Atlantic accent, and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data%20Becker | Data Becker GmbH & Co. KG was a German publisher of computer books and a company for software and computer accessories based in Düsseldorf. The company ceased operations in March 2014.
History
It was founded in Düsseldorf on January 7, 1981, by Dr. Achim Becker and Harald Becker, initially as a specialist shop for computer accessories, entered the publishing business in 1983 after home computers such as the C64 became commercially successful, and since then has published software, IT literature and computer trade journals. Data Becker was mostly well known for its web publishing software, Web to date.
The 1980s: Home computing
In the beginning, Data Becker catered primarily to users of Commodore 64 and C128 home computers, publishing an extensive range of books as well as programming tools and application software. The most advanced of the company's books delved deeply into the internals of the aforementioned computers and their peripherals, often revealing features that were undocumented by the manufacturer.
The 1990s: Licences abroad
In the United States, English editions of Data Becker's home computing books and software were published by Abacus Software. In the British market, initially First Publishing Ltd, did the same job, followed by Data Player Ltd t/a Data Becker UK from 1993 to 2001. The Danish and Norwegian markets were supplied with Danish language editions of the software and books by publishing house Nordic Computer Software (NCS). The French editions were published by Micro Application.
In the late 1990s, in Germany, Data Becker also marketed Chessbase's Shredder and Fritz chess programs as 3D Schach Genie or Schach Genie.
2000: International failure
In an attempt to become a worldwide publisher, Data Becker UK ltd. was established in 1999. Data Becker Companies in the US, Spain and the Netherlands followed. Data Becker UK had initial success with their music-software range (Music Center was voted "Music Production Software of the Year" in 2000 by Future Music, Music CD Recorder, MP3 Wizard) but it soon vanished as the publisher pressed for a more family-oriented portfolio with titles like "3D Home Designer", "Becker Draw', Becker CAD 3d' and "Becker Chart" and credibility in professional markets was lost. Overall this strategy did not prove successful and the offices of Data Becker UK and Data Becker USA (in Boston) were closed down in 2003.
. In 2001, Data Becker employed around 160 people. The company headquarters of Data Becker was in Düsseldorf-Bilk, the magazine editorial office and the book publisher were in the immediate vicinity. The shop was given up in 2011.
2014: Closure of all business operations
In October 2013, the head company in Germany announced it was going to suspend all business activities at the 31st of March 2014. The online shop was closed on February 17, 2014.
Products
In the area of software, Data Becker recently published programs for Internet projects (website, online shop, community) and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FSCAN | FSCAN is a disk scheduling algorithm to determine the motion of the disk's arm and head in servicing read and write requests.
It uses two sub-queues. During the scan, all of the requests are in the first queue and all new requests are put into the second queue. Thus, service of new requests is deferred until all of the old requests have been processed. When the scan ends, the arm is taken to the first queue entries and is started all over again.
Analysis
FSCAN along with N-Step-SCAN prevents "arm stickiness" unlike SSTF, SCAN, and C-SCAN. Arm stickiness in those other algorithms occurs when a stream of requests for the same track causes the disk arm to stop progressing at that track, preferring to satisfy the no-seek requests for the track it is on. Because FSCAN separates requests into two queues, with new requests going into a waiting queue, the arm continues its sweep to the outer track and is therefore not "sticky." There is an obvious trade-off in that the requests in the waiting queue must wait longer to be fulfilled, but in exchange FSCAN is more fair to all requests.
Variations
There can be multiple variations of this algorithm. Instead of using just 2 queues, one can use N queues (with N greater than 2). The benefit of using N queues is there would be limited number of entries in a given queue and hence the reference string queue would take lesser time to get completed. Hence, the queues will get swiped faster which in turn improves the responding time of algorithm (refer to See Also section).
See also
Other variations include:
SCAN - Elevator algorithm
LOOK (and C-LOOK)
N-Step-SCAN
Disk scheduling algorithms |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte%20Adams%20%28Home%20and%20Away%29 | Charlotte Adams is a fictional character from the Australian Seven Network soap opera Home and Away, portrayed by actress Stephanie Chaves-Jacobsen. She first appeared during the episode that aired on 10 September 2001 and departed following her on-screen death on 3 September 2002.
Character development
Charlotte is described by Network Seven as "pretty, smart, generous and sincere" and has "an uncanny ability to draw people out and make them feel good about themselves". Charlotte likes to meet new people and learn about their life. Charlotte works in medicine and enrolled in medical school so she could carry out work on a professional level. She is also described "fairly bright" but "no genius" so she struggles to get through her degree. Charlotte often surprises herself when she succeeds in her work and not one to boast Charlotte just "claims she was lucky".
Producers decided to write the character out of Home and Away in 2002. Chaves-Jacobsen told Jason Herbison from Inside Soap that "it's sad but it's just something that happens."
Storylines
Charlotte is first seen as a trainee doctor at Northern Districts hospital. Her first emergency is to treat her neighbour Jude Lawson (Ben Steel) who has been seriously injured in a motorcycle crash. Flynn Saunders (Martin Dingle-Wall) is on hand to help her in surgery and they are both able to save Jude's life. Charlotte soon becomes friends with Jude's teenage brother Noah (Beau Brady) and Seb Miller (Mitch Firth) who is living with them.
Charlotte's boyfriend Dr. Steve Kent (Don Hany) lives in the city and she hardly gets to spend any time with him. When he does visit, Steve frequently suggests that Charlotte moves to the city with him and put her grandmother Gladys (Moya O'Sullivan) into a care home, which Charlotte refuses to do. Steve proposes and Charlotte accepts. On the night of the proposal, things take a horrible turn and when Noah, Jude and Hayley Smith (Bec Cartwright) return home they find a bruised Charlotte crying on the stairs. Charlotte then breaks up with Steve and later makes the agonising decision to commit Gladys to a home after she develops Alzheimer's and causes a fire.
Charlotte moves in with Sally Fletcher (Kate Ritchie). On the night of the school formal, Charlotte is called out to a car crash which involves Alex Poulos (Danny Raco), Brodie Hanson (Susie Rugg) and Miles Alcott (Steven Rooke). Charlotte and the paramedics battle to save Miles, but ultimately fail and he dies at the scene.
Following a post-HSC party, Charlotte and Jude begin dating. Charlotte later discovers she is pregnant with twins and turns to Flynn for support, much to Jude's anger as he feels that another one of his girlfriends feels more comfortable talking to Flynn. Jude then explains that his ex-girlfriend Shauna Bradley (Kylie Watson) had made a pass at Flynn several months earlier. Charlotte assures Jude she will never let him and down and he moves in with her at Sally's.
Charlotte wakes up one m |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born%20Again%20%28The%20X-Files%29 | "Born Again" is the twenty-second episode of the first season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files, premiering on the Fox network on April 22, 1994. It was written by Howard Gordon and Alex Gansa, and directed by Jerrold Freedman. The episode featured guest appearances by Brian Markinson and Maggie Wheeler. The episode is a "Monster-of-the-Week" story, a stand-alone plot which is unconnected to the series' wider mythology. "Born Again" earned a Nielsen household rating of 8.2, being watched by 7.7 million households in its initial broadcast, and received mixed reviews from critics.
The show centers on FBI agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. When Mulder and Scully are called to New York State to investigate the death of a police officer, they come to believe that a young girl present during the incident may be the reincarnation of another officer murdered years earlier.
Several crew members disliked the episode, most notably Gordon and Duchovny. Gordon felt that the episode was too similar to the other episodes that had been aired, whereas Duchovny bluntly stated that he "detested" the episode.
Plot
In Buffalo, New York, police detective Sharon Lazard finds a little girl, Michelle Bishop, alone in an alley. Lazard takes the seemingly lost girl into her precinct and leaves her alone to be interviewed by another detective, Rudolph Barbala. However, moments later, Barbala is launched through a window, falling to his death.
Lazard turns to FBI agents Fox Mulder and Dana Scully for help. She tells them of Michelle's claims that a man had attacked Barbala, even though she was the only person in the room when the detective was killed. The agents have Michelle describe the alleged attacker for a computerized facial composite; the computer seemingly glitches, displaying a face that Michelle identifies as the killer. The composite matches that of a Detective Charlie Morris — who died nine years previously in an apparent gangland hit. Mulder speaks to Michelle's psychiatrist, Dr. Braun, who tells him that she habitually mutilated dolls in a uniform manner during their sessions together, removing the same eye and arm each time; Mulder realizes that these mutilations match the circumstances of Morris' death.
The agents interview Tony Fiore, Morris' ex-partner, who attributes his death to a triad gang they had been investigating together. Later that day, Fiore meets with a Leon Felder to discuss claiming a large sum of money from a safety deposit box. The two men agree that they haven't waited the ten years they had intended to, ominously discussing that they are the last two claimants left. That night, Felder gets off a bus, but his scarf catches in the door, seemingly moved by an invisible force, as the bus drives off. The driver tries to brake, but the bus inexplicably continues to accelerate, strangling Felder. Michelle watches from in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempo%20Networks | Tempo Networks is a pan-Caribbean television channel focusing on Caribbean music and cultural content. Its programming encompasses music videos, news, dramas, and documentaries showcasing various aspects of Caribbean life. The channel features musical genres like Reggae, Soca, Dancehall, and more. The programming is primarily presented in English.
Tempo Networks was established on November 30, 2005, initially under the ownership of MTV Networks and Viacom. Since 2007, it has been under the ownership of its founder, Frederick Morton, Jr., and is headquartered in Newark, NJ.
The channel is available on Cablevision in the New York Metropolitan Area (Channel 1105) and reaches an audience of over 3,500,000 viewers in the Caribbean. It also provides live streaming over the internet 24/7.
History
Tempo was launched by MTV Networks in 2005. In conjunction with the launch of Tempo, MTV Networks hosted a concert series entitled "Caribbean Rising." It featured performances across several different musical genres.
Programs
Badness Outta Style
Choices
Cook-Up
Cross Caribbean Countdown
Downtown Island
Inside the Rhythm
My TEMPO Trip
Pull up Selecta
Rise & Shine
TEMPO Live & Direct
TEMPO Presents: Artists, Events, and Music Video Making-ofs
West wood Park
ORIGINAL FILMS
HUSH
HUSH 2
Hooked
The Black Moses Pindling
Chrissy
Between Friends
Events
Major events hosted by Tempo include the "Tempo Turns" events, concerts held throughout the Caribbean islands and United States, which draw tens of thousands of attendees from around the world. "TEMPO Turns 6" was held at Six Flags / Great Adventure in Jackson, New Jersey.
Pro-social initiatives
TEMPO has carried out several socially conscious campaigns, including the Badness Outta Style school tours, One Love/Haiti, and TEMPO Water.
Other
Additional projects include TEMPO Bookings, connecting Caribbean artists with event planners, and the TEMPO Web Store. It has also worked with tourist boards throughout the region, including those of Antigua, Trinidad & Tobago, Grenada, USVI, Barbados, and Turks & Caicos.
Partners
American Airlines
Bahamas Telecommunications Company
Cable & Wireless
Carib
Digicel
Heineken
Liat
Lime
RIM/Blackberry
Sony/Ericsson
VP Records
See also
CaribVision
Chantal Bolivar
List of Caribbean television stations
References
External links
Tempo
Press
Atlanta Post - How he Built it: Frederick A. Morton, Founder of Caribbean Media Company TEMPO Networks
New York Times - Selling the Caribbean from the Island of Newark
NJ Monthly Magazine - Island in the City
Newark Star Ledger - Newark Entrepreneur Creates TV Station Devoted to Caribbean Content
Montclair Times - Montclair Man Preps to Launch Caribbean Television Station in the U.S.
Trinidad and Tobago Guardian - TEMPO Networks Gears Fifth Anniversary
Cable & Wireless Caribbean - Partnerships : MTV Tempo - Press Release
Is MTV Losing Tempo?
Music video networks in the United States
Caribbean music
Television channels and stations establi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattingers | Tattingers (later Tattinger's) is an American comedy-drama television series that aired by the NBC television network from October 26, 1988, to April 26, 1989, as part of its 1988 fall lineup. After failing in the Nielsen ratings as an hour-long program, the plot and characters were briefly revived in the spring of 1989 as the half-hour sitcom Nick & Hillary.
An unaired episode, "Screwball," aired on TV Land on April 4, 1999.
Synopsis
Tattingers is the story of a divorced couple, Nick and Hillary Tattinger (Stephen Collins and Blythe Danner), along with their 2 daughters: Nina and Winnifred. They had remained co-owner partners in a posh Manhattan restaurant until Nick was shot by a drug dealer, which prompted them to sell the restaurant and move to Paris. Their successors, however, proved incapable of properly running the restaurant, so Nick reclaimed the restaurant from them to give it another go. Real-life Manhattan celebrities often appeared in cameo roles as themselves as Nick's exclusive clientele.
Cast
Stephen Collins as Nick Tattinger
Blythe Danner as Hillary Tattinger
Jerry Stiller as Sid Wilbur
Roderick Cook as Louis Chatham
Zach Grenier as Sonny Franks (Tattingers)
Patrice Colihan as Nina Tattinger
Chay Lentin as Winnifred Tattinger
Thomas Quinn as O'Malley (Tattingers)
Mary Beth Hurt as Sheila Bradley
Chris Elliott as Spin (Nick & Hillary)
Episodes
Reception
This program was a ratings failure and was cancelled in January 1989. However, NBC was apparently unwilling to give up totally on the characters or the concept, and the program was revamped into a half-hour sitcom, Nick & Hillary. This new series premiered on April 20, 1989, but proved even less successful than its predecessor and was cancelled after only two episodes.
References
General
Brooks, Tim, and Marsh, Earle, The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows 1946–Present
NBC original programming
1980s American comedy-drama television series
1988 American television series debuts
1989 American television series endings
English-language television shows
Television series by MTM Enterprises
Television series created by Tom Fontana
Television series set in restaurants
Television shows set in New York City |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordata%20CS40 | The Cordata CS40 was a model of IBM PC Compatible computer made by Cordata.
The Cordata CS40 used an Intel 8088 CPU running at 4.77 or 8.00 MHz (determined by a toggle switch located on the back of the PC), and shipped with no hard disk drive, 512 KiB RAM, and two 5.25" floppy drives.
Users could buy a hardcard which was a hard drive mounted on an expansion card that would fit inside. This PC was in service in 1986.
The green monochrome screen had a vertical tilt built into it to adjust the viewing angle up or down. The built-in speaker allowed basic games to be played on it.
References
Personal computers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achterbahn%20%28stream%20cipher%29 | In cryptography, Achterbahn is the name of a synchronous stream cipher algorithm submitted to the eSTREAM Project of the eCRYPT network.
In the final specification the cipher is called ACHTERBAHN-128/80, because it supports the key lengths of 80 bits and 128 bits, respectively.
Achterbahn was developed by Berndt Gammel, Rainer Göttfert and Oliver Kniffler.
Achterbahn means rollercoaster (in German), though a literal translation of the term would be eight-track, which indicates that the cipher can encrypt eight bit streams in parallel.
The parameters of the cipher are given in the following table:
ACHTERBAHN-128 is downward compatible and can produce the same keystream as ACHTERBAHN-80 if so desired. The keystream generator of ACHTERBAHN-128/80 is based on the design principle of the nonlinear combination generator, however it deploys primitive nonlinear feedback shift registers (NLFSR) instead of linear ones (LFSR).
Security
There are no known cryptanalytic attacks against ACHTERBAHN-128/80 for the tabulated parameters that are faster than brute force attack.
Recent analysis showed that attacks are possible if larger frame (packet) lengths are used in a communication protocol.
The cipher's authors recommend a maximum frame length of 244 bits. This value does however not imply practical limitations.
Performance
The ACHTERBAHN-128/80 stream cipher is optimized for hardware applications with restricted resources, such as limited gate count and power consumption. An implementation of ACHTERBAHN-80 has a design size of only 2188 gate equivalents (Nand-GE) in a standard CMOS technology
and delivers a throughput of up to 400 Megabit/s. This makes it suitable for RFID tags. A high-speed implementation with a throughput of 8 Gigabit/s has a design size of 8651 Nand-GE.
References
External links
Achterbahn home page
M.I. Mahmoud et.al.: Wavelet Data Hiding using Achterbahn-128 on FPGA Technology, UbiCC Journal - Special Issue of IKE'07 Conference, IKE'07 - Special Issue, 1/15/2008
Stream ciphers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonny%20Spoon | Sonny Spoon is an American crime drama television series that aired on NBC television network from February 12 to December 16, 1988. The series was created by Michael Daly, Dinah Prince, Stephen J. Cannell, and Randall Wallace, and produced by Stephen J. Cannell Productions (the fall 1988 episodes were in association with NBC Productions).
Overview
Sonny Spoon stars Mario Van Peebles as Sonny, a hip, black private investigator who uses his street smarts and "cool" persona to solve crimes. He often assists, and is assisted by, Carolyn Gilder (Terry Donahoe), an attractive assistant district attorney. Additionally, Sonny was a master of disguises, and might spend part of any given episode dressed as a clergyman, an Arab tourist, or an old lady. He used his many connections on the streets and relationships with friends and informants (who were apparently attracted to him mostly by his vibrant personality, as he had little cash to share with them) to further his ends, and also the insights of his father, Mel, a bar owner (played by Melvin Van Peebles, Mario's real-life father).
Cast
Mario Van Peebles as Sonny Spoon
Melvin Van Peebles as Mel Spoon
Terry Donahoe as Carolyn Gilder
Jordana Capra as Monique
Bob Wieland as Johnny Skates
Larry Friel as Det. Bartlett
Episodes
Season 1 (1988)
Season 2 (1988)
Production
Sonny Spoon began its run as a mid-season replacement in February 1988, and was renewed for a second season. It did not sustain its early momentum and was canceled in December 1988.
Broadcast history
References
Sources
Brooks, Tim and Marsh, Earle, The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows
External links
1988 American television series debuts
1988 American television series endings
1980s American crime drama television series
English-language television shows
NBC original programming
Television series by 20th Century Fox Television
Television series by Stephen J. Cannell Productions
Television series by Universal Television
Television shows set in Los Angeles |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CryptMT | In cryptography, CryptMT is a stream cipher algorithm which internally uses the Mersenne twister. It was developed by Makoto Matsumoto, Mariko Hagita, Takuji Nishimura and Mutsuo Saito and is patented. It has been submitted to the eSTREAM project of the eCRYPT network.
In that submission to eSTREAM, the authors also included another cipher named Fubuki, which also uses the Mersenne twister.
External links
eStream page on CryptMT
CryptMT author's page
Stream ciphers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DECIM | In cryptography, DECIM is a stream cypher algorithm designed by Come Berbain, Olivier Billet, Anne Canteaut, Nicolas Courtois, Blandine Debraize, Henri Gilbert, Louis Goubin, Aline Gouget, Louis Granboulan, Cédric Lauradoux, Marine Minier, Thomas Pornin and Hervé Sibert.
DECIM algorithm was partly patented but its authors wished for it to remain freely available. It has been submitted to the eSTREAM Project of the eCRYPT network.
History
DECIM was announced in 2005. In 2006 two flaws were identified which could leave the encypted ciphertext vulnerable to attack. A revised version of cipher, DECIM v2, as well as a 128-bit security version were developed, both proving vulnerable to attack.
References
Footnotes
Sources
Stream ciphers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WLNN-CD | WLNN-CD, virtual and UHF digital channel 24, branded on-air as the Mountain Television Network and MTN 18, was a low-power, Class A television station licensed to Boone, North Carolina, United States. The station was owned by Terry Smith. On cable, the station was seen over the air and on 16 cable networks throughout the Southeast of the United States on channels 18, 15, 16, and 7 in the Charlotte, Asheville, and Greensboro DMA television regions in North Carolina, as well as regions of Tennessee, Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida.
History
1990s
It was an independent station with some national programming from Youtoo America. The station was originally owned by Tim Baxter and Bob Flanagan, who did an excellent job starting the station in the early 1990s and providing local news and show content to the viewers in the High Country.
2000s
After many years of public service to local communities, it had become increasingly difficult to financially operate a local television station, and MTN was sold in 2003 to Steve Rondinaro.
Rondinaro had many years of broadcast experience as a news anchor, and he had previously owned a group of successful radio stations in the Boone area. Prior to moving to the Boone area, Rondinaro had been a very successful evening news anchor in Miami, Florida.
Rondinaro sold his group of high country radio stations and used these proceeds to purchase MTN in the fall of 2003.
As the television industry changed because of the introduction of cable and satellite networks, resulting in more television stations becoming available to viewers through cable and satellite providers, then local stations such as MTN faced increasing competition for viewers and advertisers.
As a result, it became more and more difficult for MTN to survive financially. MTN was losing money every month, and Rondinaro was forced to spend his own money every month to keep the station going.
Eventually, he put the station up for sale in 2007. However, with no buyers coming forward throughout 2007 and 2008, and Rondinaro no longer in Boone because of the news anchor position he had taken at WWAY on the East Coast of North Carolina, then MTN was on the brink of closure for two years.
Then, just when it appeared that MTN would close, a buyer, Terry Smith, came in at the last minute, and Rondinaro sold WLNN to Terry Smith in 2008.
Smith had grown up in the local area before going on to play and coach professional football and baseball, while also previously serving as a teacher and head coach in area schools. Smith's motivation was to lead with programming and create a television station that provided coverage of everything that was taking place in Western North Carolina.
In addition, his overriding rule in providing this all-inclusive coverage was that MTN would only broadcast positive television shows and positive news coverage. Unlike other stations across the country that usually focus on negative news stories, Smith focused MTN enti |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DICING | In cryptography, DICING is a stream cypher algorithm developed by Li An-Ping. It has been submitted to the eSTREAM Project of the eCRYPT network.
References
Stream ciphers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermes8 | In cryptography, Hermes8 is the name of a stream cypher algorithm designed by Ulrich Kaiser. It has been submitted to the eSTREAM Project of the eCRYPT network. It has been classified as an 'archive' algorithm and will not be further considered.
Security
In the paper "An Analysis of the Hermes8 Stream Ciphers" the authors claim, 'an attack on the latest version of the cipher (Hermes8F), which requires very few known keystream bytes and recovers the cipher's secret key in less than a second on a normal PC'.
References
"An Analysis of the Hermes8 Stream Ciphers" paper by Steve Babbage et al.
Stream ciphers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick%20Hayes-Roth | Frederick Hayes-Roth (born 1947, né Frederick Roth) is an American computer scientist and educator.
His principal work focuses on how to use computing processes to winnow data down to only those information items that are valuable to the receiver, using technology to deliver those items, and in designing IT systems structured for this task. Frederick Hayes-Roth is also known as Rick Roth and has published under the names Rick Hayes-Roth and Frederick Roth.
Career
He was the Chief Technology Officer for Software at Hewlett-Packard from 2000 to 2001. Before that (1981–2000) he was chairman and chief executive of two Silicon Valley companies which he co-founded. One was Teknowledge Corporation, founded with Edward Feigenbaum.
He was the program director for research in Information Processing at the Rand Corporation from 1976 to 1981. That research program was prolific and influential, leading to numerous systems and research paradigms, including the Opportunistic Model of Planning (one of the 10 most cited papers in Cognitive Science), the rule-based system ROSIE, a number of heuristic expert systems, Distributed Fleet Control, and methods for non-monotonic reasoning and learning in knowledge networks.
Prior to that (1976), was one of the co-inventors of the first continuous speech understanding systems, Hearsay-II, which became the “blackboard architecture.”
Hayes-Roth held faculty positions at MIT, Stanford, and Carnegie Mellon. In 2003 he became a professor in the Information Sciences Department at the United States Navy's Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) in Monterey, California. At NPS he has taught hundreds of mid-career leaders in DOD through his "capstone course" on IT Strategy and Policy at NPS. The focus of that course has been on ways to radically improve the success of DOD IT system efforts.
In 2011, Hayes-Roth co-founded Truth Seal Corporation, a non-profit, in a response to the glut of information that makes it difficult to judge the veracity of information.
He is a Fellow of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, which cited him as follows:
For leadership in commercialization of expert system technology; for the co-development of Hearsay II and opportunistic-planning; and for the technical management of ROSIE, M.1, S.1, and ABE.
Hayes-Roth is also a senior member of the IEEE and a member of the Association for Computing Machinery.
Notes
References
Hayes-Roth, F., C. Blais, et al. (2008). How to Implement National Information Sharing Strategy. AFCEA-GMU C4I Center Symposium: Critical Issues in C4I, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, AFCEA.
Hayes-Roth, F. and C. Blais (2008). "A Rich Semantic Model of Track as a Foundation for Sharing Beliefs Regarding Dynamic Objects and Events." Intelligent Decision Technologies 2(1): 53–72.
Hayes-Roth, F. (2006). Model-Based Communication Networks and VIRT: Orders of Magnitude Better for Information Superiority. MILCOM 2006, Washington, DC, IEEE.
Infoglut, an A |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOSQUITO | In cryptography, MOSQUITO was a stream cipher algorithm designed by Joan Daemen and Paris Kitsos. It was submitted to the eSTREAM Project of the eCRYPT network. After the initial design was broken by Joux and Muller, a tweaked version named MOUSTIQUE was proposed which made it to Phase 3 of the eSTREAM evaluation process as the only self-synchronizing cipher remaining. However, MOUSTIQUE was subsequently broken by Käsper et al., leaving the design of a secure and efficient self-synchronising stream cipher as an open research problem.
Cryptographic algorithms |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NLS%20%28cipher%29 | In cryptography, NLS is a stream cypher algorithm designed by Gregory Rose, Philip Hawkes, Michael Paddon, and Miriam Wiggers de Vries. It has been submitted to the eSTREAM Project of the eCRYPT network.
Stream ciphers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar%20Bear%20%28cipher%29 | In cryptography, Polar Bear is a stream cypher algorithm designed by Johan Håstad and Mats Näslund. It has been submitted to the eSTREAM Project of the eCRYPT network.
External links
Polar Bear eStream submission
Stream ciphers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SFINKS | Sfinks (Polish for "Sphynx") was also the initial name of the Janusz A. Zajdel Award
In cryptography, SFINKS is a stream cypher algorithm developed by An Braeken, Joseph Lano, Nele Mentens, Bart Preneel, and Ingrid Verbauwhede. It includes a message authentication code. It has been submitted to the eSTREAM Project of the eCRYPT network.
Stream ciphers
Cryptography |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TSC-3 | In cryptography, TSC-3 is a stream cypher algorithm developed by Jin Hong, Dong Hoon Lee, Yongjin Yeom, Daewan Han, and Seongtaek Chee. It has been submitted to the eSTREAM Project of the eCRYPT network.
Stream ciphers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WG%20%28cipher%29 | In cryptography, WG is a stream cypher algorithm developed by Guang Gong and Yassir Nawaz. It has been submitted to the eSTREAM Project of the eCRYPT network.
Stream ciphers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pax%20Warrior | Pax Warrior is an educational computer game based on the United Nations’ experience during the Rwandan genocide. The game was developed by 23 YYZee studios, located in Toronto, Canada.
Overview
The game is played from the viewpoint of a U.N. commander, and tasks the player with keeping the peace by making decisions during the Rwandan genocide. The game has been licensed to schools and incorporated into curriculums throughout Canada, Great Britain and South Africa.
References
Humanitarian video games
Video games developed in Canada
Video games set in Rwanda |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamb | In cryptography, Yamb is a stream cypher algorithm developed by LAN Crypto. It has been submitted to the eSTREAM Project of the eCRYPT network.
External links
Archived eSTREAM Phase 1 page for Yamb
Stream ciphers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frogbit%20%28cipher%29 | In cryptography, Frogbit is a stream cypher algorithm developed by Thierry Moreau and is patented. It includes a message authentication code feature. It has been submitted to the eSTREAM Project of the eCRYPT network. It has not been selected as a focus algorithm nor for Phase 2; it has been 'archived'.
Stream ciphers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAG%20%28cipher%29 | In cryptography, MAG is stream cipher algorithm developed by Rade Vuckovac. It has been submitted to the eSTREAM Project of the eCRYPT network. It has not been selected for focus, nor for consideration in Phase 2; it has been 'archived'.
Stream ciphers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-1 | In cryptography, Mir-1 is a software-oriented stream cypher algorithm developed by Alexander Maximov. The algorithm was submitted to the eSTREAM project of the eCRYPT network in 2005. Mir-1 is named after the Russian space station Mir.
Mir-1 uses a multiword T-function with four 64-bit words. The data in each word is processed, generating a keystream. Its key size is 128 bits, and its IV is 64 bits.
The designer claimed that Mir-1 had a security level of 2128, i.e., that it could not be "broken" faster than an exhaustive search. At SASC 2006, a successful key-recovery attack on Mir-1 was shown. Maximov did not dispute the attack, and the algorithm was archived after Phase 1 by the eSTREAM committee.
References
Stream ciphers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSS%20%28cipher%29 | In cryptography, SSS is a stream cypher algorithm developed by Gregory Rose, Philip Hawkes, Michael Paddon, and Miriam Wiggers de Vries. It includes a message authentication code feature. It has been submitted to the eSTREAM Project of the eCRYPT network. It has not selected for focus nor for consideration during Phase 2; it has been 'archived'.
References
Stream ciphers
Message authentication codes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRBDK3%20YAEA | In cryptography, TRBDK3 YAEA is a stream cypher algorithm developed by Timothy Brigham. It has been submitted to the eSTREAM Project of the eCRYPT network. It has not been selected for focus nor for consideration during at Phase 2; it has been 'archived'.
References
Stream ciphers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CJCSG | In cryptography, CJCSG is a stream cypher algorithm developed by Cees Jansen and Alexander Kolosha. It has been submitted to the eSTREAM Project of the eCRYPT network. It has been classified as an archival algorithm and will not be further considered.
Stream ciphers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GGC | GGC may refer to:
Cargo 360, a defunct American cargo airline
Gandhara grave culture
Gangapur City railway station, in Rajasthan, India
Gemini Guidance Computer, used in NASA's Project Gemini
Georgia Gulf Corporation, now Axiall, an American chemical company
Georgia Gwinnett College, in Lawrenceville, Georgia, United States
Gibson Guitar Corporation, an American guitar manufacturer
Girl Guides of Canada
GGC, a codon for the amino acid glycine
Gotland Game Conference
Governor General of Canada
Grand and General Council, of San Marino
Lumbala Airport, in Angola
NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, a health board in Scotland |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top%20Cops | Top Cops is a documentary program broadcast in the United States on the CBS television network from 1990 to 1993. Reruns aired on the USA Network in 1996.
Each episode of Top Cops consisted of two to three segments featuring commended police officers and dramatic recreations of the events leading to their having been honored.
References
External links
CBS original programming
1990 American television series debuts
1993 American television series endings
1990s American crime television series
Television series by CBS Studios
Television series by 20th Century Fox Television
Television series featuring reenactments |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC%20%28stream%20cipher%29 | In cryptography, ABC is a stream cypher algorithm developed by Vladimir Anashin, Andrey Bogdanov, Ilya Kizhvatov, and Sandeep Kumar. It has been submitted to the eSTREAM Project of the eCRYPT network.
References
Stream ciphers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackball%20Branch | The Blackball Branch was a branch line railway of New Zealand's national rail network on the West Coast of the South Island and worked from the 1900s to 1966. It included the Roa Branch, also known as the Roa Incline. Roa was sometimes known as Paparoa.
Construction
The Blackball Coal Company's mine near Blackball was on the opposite side of the Grey River to the Stillwater - Westport Line, and in the late 19th century an aerial cableway was used to transport coal from the mine across the river to a railway station in Ngahere. This did not prove to be as efficient or desirable as a railway, so in 1901 a branch line across the Grey River from Ngahere to Blackball was approved.
The Public Works Department began building the 5.5-km line in 1902, but it was plagued with difficulties. Construction of the Grey River bridge suffered from delays, a contractor for a trestle bridge further along the line went bankrupt, and torrential rain made working conditions hard and problematic. As construction slowly progressed, work on an incline from Blackball into the Paparoa Ranges was commenced by the Paparoa Coal Company. This line was ultimately taken over by the State Mines Department and involved a Fell centre rail for braking due to grades as steep as 1 in 25. This was not a full incline like its North Island counterpart, the Rimutaka Incline.
During 1909, the Public Works Department began carrying coal along the Blackball Branch, and in September that year, the State Mines Department began operating the Roa Incline. The Blackball Branch was not handed over to the New Zealand Railways Department and officially opened until 1 August 1910. The Roa Incline was owned by the State Mines Department for its entire life.
Operation
Coal production from the mines increased greatly when the railway opened, as it permitted much larger quantities of coal to be carried. Workings on the Roa Incline were spectacular; sometimes up to eight trains a day would run down the Incline, relying only on handbrakes to avoid a runaway. Passenger services were operated to Blackball for a number of years, primarily for the mine workers, and these ceased in 1940.
Before 1955 the engine depot in Blackball closed and trains operated from Greymouth, and in 1955 Blackball station burned down. Trains to Blackball were typically operated by B and WF class steam locomotives, with W and WA locomotives on the Roa Incline. Diesel locomotives were never used on the Blackball Branch.
A significant impediment to the operation of the line was the difficulty and cost of maintaining the 1680 foot length road-rail bridge across the Grey River. Poor design and construction meant that the bridge was frequently damaged by flooding, requiring expensive repairs. This situation eventually led to the closure of the line when the cost of maintenance became too high. The hazards of working such a steep incline without a continuous air brake were an important safety issue, leading to occasional run |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydlide | is an action role-playing game developed and published by T&E Soft. It was originally released for the NEC PC-6001 and PC-8801 computers in 1984, in Japan only; ports for the MSX, MSX2, FM-7 and NEC PC-9801 were released the following year.
A Famicom version was released under the name Hydlide Special in Japan in 1986. Three years later, it was localized and released in English regions for the Nintendo Entertainment System by Fujisankei Communications International, known as simply Hydlide. The game sold two million copies in Japan across all platforms. A Sega Genesis version of Hydlide Special was showcased at the 1989 SCES but never released.
The game spawned the Hydlide series, followed by the sequels Hydlide II: Shine of Darkness in 1985 and Hydlide 3: The Space Memories (Super Hydlide) in 1987. A 1995 remake was released for the Sega Saturn as Virtual Hydlide.
Plot
In the kingdom of Fairyland, three magic jewels were enshrined in the palace to maintain peace in the kingdom. One day, an evil man broke into the palace and stole one of the three magic jewels. Without the third jewel, the two remaining jewels lost their magic sparkle. The magic spell that sealed the power of Varalys, the most vicious demon in the kingdom, was broken. During the turmoil which followed, the last two jewels were stolen. Varalys cast a special magic on Princess Ann, turning her into three fairies, and hid her somewhere in the kingdom. He then let loose a horde of monsters across the land and became the ruler of the kingdom. The young knight Jim stood up and took action to restore peace in the kingdom. He bravely made his way into the wilderness in full armor to fight the monsters.
Development
The game was created by T&E Soft's Tokihiro Naito. His idea behind Hydlide was to mix together action and RPG elements into a new "action RPG" genre. He was inspired by The Tower of Druaga and The Black Onyx, especially the former, as Hydlides design leans more towards action than role-playing. Hydlide essentially took The Tower of Druaga formula to a colorful open world, and added RPG mechanics. Hydlide also borrowed the health meter mechanic from The Black Onyx, and took it a step further with a regenerating health meter.
Naito noted that he was completely unaware of Western role-playing games like Ultima and Wizardry when he was developing Hydlide, as he had never used the Apple II before. He said that he only became aware of two other Japanese action RPG projects, Dragon Slayer and Courageous Perseus, while reading a magazine during Hydlides development, and was shocked to find that Hydlide was not the only attempt at the concept. He underestimated Dragon Slayer but felt threatened by Courageous Perseus, believing the latter to be more visually impressive; Courageous Perseus turned out to be not as successful, whereas Dragon Slayer went on to become Hydlides biggest competitor, through subsequent sequels.
Reception and legacy
Hydlide was well-received and considered |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim%20Finin | Timothy Wilking Finin (born 1949 in Walworth, Wisconsin) is the Willard and Lillian Hackerman Chair in Engineering and is a Professor of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC). His research has focused on the applications of artificial intelligence to problems in information systems and has included contributions to natural language processing, expert systems, the theory and applications of multiagent systems, the semantic web, and mobile computing.
Education
Finin earned an undergraduate degree in Electrical Engineering from MIT in 1971 and a PhD in Computer Science from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in 1980.
Career
Prior to joining the UMBC, he held positions at the Unisys Paoli Research Center, the University of Pennsylvania, and the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. Since 2007 he has been an affiliate faculty member at the Human Language Technology Center of Excellence at Johns Hopkins University. He is the author of more than 450 refereed publications and has received research grants and contracts from a variety of sources.
He has been an organizer of several major conferences, including the IEEE Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Applications, ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, ACM Autonomous Agents conference, ACM Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing, International Semantic Web Conference and IEEE International Conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics. He served as an editor in chief of the Journal of Web Semantics from 2005 to 2016, is currently a co-editor of the Viewpoints section of Communications of the ACM and is on the editorial board of several other journals. Finin is a former AAAI councilor and board member of the Computing Research Association.
Awards
In 1997 he was selected as a fellow of the Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents for his work on agent communication languages. The IEEE Computer Society gave him a Technical Achievement Award "for pioneering contributions to distributed intelligent systems" in 2009. In 2012 he was selected as UMBC's Presidential Research Professor for the three-year term 2012–2015. In 2013 he was named a fellow of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence for "significant contributions to the theory and practice of knowledge sharing in multiagent systems and on the Web, and for sustained service to the AI community".
In 2018, the Association for Computing Machinery named him an ACM Fellow for his contributions to the theory and practice of knowledge sharing in distributed systems and the World Wide Web.
References
1949 births
Living people
Fellows of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Artificial intelligence researchers
American computer scientists
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Grainger College of Engineering alumni
People from Walworth, Wisconsin
Univ |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortran%2095%20language%20features | This is an overview of Fortran 95 language features. Included are the additional features of TR-15581:Enhanced Data Type Facilities, which have been universally implemented. Old features that have been superseded by new ones are not described few of those historic features are used in modern programs although most have been retained in the language to maintain backward compatibility. The current standard is Fortran 2018; many of its new features are still being implemented in compilers. The additional features of Fortran 2003, Fortran 2008 and Fortran 2018 are described by Metcalf, Reid and Cohen.
Language elements
Fortran is case-insensitive. The convention of writing Fortran keywords in upper case and all other names in lower case is adopted in this article; except, by way of contrast, in the input/output descriptions (Data transfer and Operations on external files).
Basics
The basic component of the Fortran language is its character set. Its members are
the letters A ... Z and a ... z (which are equivalent outside a character context)
the numerals 0 ... 9
the underscore _
the special characters = : + blank - * / ( ) [ ] , . $ ' ! " % & ; < > ?
Tokens that have a syntactic meaning to the compiler are built from those components. There are six classes of tokens:
From the tokens, statements are built. These can be coded using the new free source form which does not require positioning in a rigid column structure:
FUNCTION string_concat(s1, s2) ! This is a comment
TYPE (string), INTENT(IN) :: s1, s2
TYPE (string) string_concat
string_concat%string_data = s1%string_data(1:s1%length) // &
s2%string_data(1:s2%length) ! This is a continuation
string_concat%length = s1%length + s2%length
END FUNCTION string_concat
Note the trailing comments and the trailing continuation mark. There may be 39 continuation lines, and 132 characters per line. Blanks are significant. Where a token or character constant is split across two lines:
... start_of&
&_name
... 'a very long &
&string'
a leading & on the continued line is also required.
Automatic conversion of source form for existing programs can be carried out by convert.f90.
Its options are
significant blank handling;
indentation;
CONTINUE replaced by END DO;
name added to subprogram END statement; and
INTEGER*2 etc. syntax converted.
Intrinsic data types
Fortran has five intrinsic data types: INTEGER, REAL, COMPLEX, LOGICAL and CHARACTER. Each of those types can be additionally characterized by a kind. Kind, basically, defines internal representation of the type: for the three numeric types, it defines the precision and range, and for the other two, the specifics of storage representation. Thus, it is an abstract concept which models the limits of data types' representation; it is expressed as a member of a set of whole numbers (e.g. it may be {1, 2, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert%20F.%20Case%20Jr. | Albert F. Case Jr. (born March 2, 1955) is an American software engineer and one of the leaders in the development of computer-aided software engineering (CASE) technologies and system development methodologies.
Biography
Case is a graduate of the State University of New York at Buffalo. He began his software development career in 1972 and worked in a variety of IT-related capacities, including director of Management Information Systems for Ryder System and co-founder of Maximus Systems, Inc., developers of the Maximus code generator. In 1982, Case joined start-up Nastec Corporation, a Southfield, Mich. based software development company. In 1989, Case left Nastec Corporation to join Gartner, Inc. (then GartnerGroup), the IT industry research and advisory firm, where he spent the next 13 years as a thought-leading industry analyst, speaker, writer and business executive. After 13 years, Case left Gartner to become an independent consulting executive and entrepreneur, with the goal of applying GST and "organizational engineering" in the laboratory of live businesses.
Case served as a board member for Sky Capital Holdings, a New York-based investment bank; interim president and CEO of DuoCash Corporation, a payment processing services company; and as chairman of the board of , Inc (ENUI.OB) a technology-based business process outsourcing firm; and president and CEO of Turbodyne Technologies, Inc. (TRBD.OB).
As an entrepreneur, Case is a co-founder and managing director of firms including content/commerce management software providers InfoTollgate.com (hosted content/commerce management systems) and Turnpike Software, LLC, the content management software development company (with his partner Dr. N. Adam Rin, former Bachman CASE tool and Gartner alumnus). He is also publisher and co-founder of IT procurement advisor TechSpend, LLC (with Gartner alumnus Vinnie Mirchandani). He is also the Research Fellow and principal analyst with ES Research Group, Inc., which specializes in helping companies identify, select, implement and measure sales performance improvement programs.
Work
Case of the leaders in the development of computer-aided software engineering (CASE) technologies and system development methodologies. He also was a major contributor to the Spectrum System Development Methodology, from John D. Toellner Associates, developing the Structured Analysis and Structured Design design tips.
Computer-Aided Software Engineering
Nastec Corporation both coined the acronym CASE and launched the DesignAid analysis and design tool and the LifeCycle Manager project configuration and management system. For six years, Case served as Nastec's Vice President for Professional Services and Product Management. Case, and his associate Vaughn Frick developed a second generation structured analysis and design technique based on the Yourdon/Demarco/Constantine Structured Analysis/Structured Design technique. Frick, while working with Case at Nastec Corporatio |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20Competition%20Network | The European Competition Network (ECN) consists of the 28 competition authorities within the European Union (see below for details) and the DG Competition of the European Commission.
The ECN has no new authority and has consequently no rights over its members. The ECN merely constitutes a mechanism for an optimal allocation of cases and sets rules for the exchange of information amongst themselves.
Regulation 1/2003 is the foundation for its creation and in Article 11 and 12 sets out the principles according to which the national competition authorities and the Commission can exchange information. According to Article 33 I b) 1/2003 the Commission is allowed to set out additional rules. The Commission did this by publishing the Notice on Cooperation within the Network of Competition Authorities.
Many favour ever more uniformity in the interpretation and application of EU competition norms and the procedures to enforce them under this system. However, when there are such differences in many Member States' policy preferences and given the benefits of experimentation, in 2020 one might ask whether more diversity (within limits) might not produce a more efficient, effective and legitimate competition regime.
Members
The following national competition authorities, together with the European Commission's DG Competition, make up the ECN:
Austria: Bundeswettbewerbsbehörde
Belgium: Ministère des Affaires économiques
Bulgaria: Комисия за Защита на Конкуренцията
Croatia: Agencija za zaštitu tržišnog natjecanja (AZTN)
Cyprus: Επιτροπή Προστασίας Ανταγωνισμού
Czech Republic: Úřad pro ochranu hospodářské soutěže
Denmark: Konkurrencestyrelsen
Estonia: Konkurentsiamet
Finland: Kilpailuvirasto
France: Conseil de la concurrence
Germany: Bundeskartellamt
Greece: Hellenic Competition Commission
Hungary: Gazdasági Versenyhivatal
Ireland: Competition Authority
Italy: Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato
Latvia: Konkurences padome
Lithuania: Konkurencijos taryba
Luxembourg: Inspection de la concurrence
Malta: Office for Fair Trading
Netherlands: Authority for Consumers & Markets (ACM)
Poland: Urzęd Ochrony Konkurencji i Konsumentów
Portugal: Autoridade da Concorrência
Romania: Consiliul Concurentei
Slovakia: Protimonopolný úrad
Slovenia: Urad Republike Slovenije za varstvo konkurence
Spain: Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia
Sweden: Konkurrensverket
Turkey: Rekabet Kurumu
United Kingdom: Competition and Markets Authority
See also
European competition law
References
External links
ECN homepage: http://ec.europa.eu/competition/ecn/index_en.html
Economy of the European Union |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legion%20Arena | Legion Arena is a computer wargame developed by Slitherine Strategies. It allows the player to play as several tribes during the rise of the Roman Empire. The player can play as the Latin tribes, the Celts and the Romans. It is published by Black Bean Games in Europe and Strategy First in North America for Windows.
Release
The game was announced on June 30, 2004. A OS X port by Freeverse was announced on January 12, 2006. In 2006, an expansion to Legion Arena was released under the title of Legion Arena: Cult of Mithras. It incorporated mythical elements into the base game.
Reception
Legion Arena received mixed reviews from critics upon release. On Metacritic, the game holds a score of 65/100 based on 20 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews". On GameRankings, the game holds a score of 68.23% based on 22 reviews.
See also
Legion
References
External links
Legion Arena homepage
Legion Arena old homepage
Freeverse: Legion Arena
2005 video games
Black Bean Games games
Computer wargames
Freeverse Inc. games
MacOS games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Role-playing video games
Strategy First games
Tactical role-playing video games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Video games set in antiquity
Video games set in the Roman Empire
Video games with expansion packs
Windows games |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real%20Stories | Real Stories is an Australian satirical television comedy series produced by Carlton Television for Network Ten. It was created by Hamish Blake and Andy Lee. The series was first broadcast on 22 August 2006.
Eight episodes were produced. The program was a parody of current affairs shows. It was hosted by Jennifer Adams, a former Seven Network reporter. The show mimicked a standard current affairs format. Pre-recorded segments in the show were introduced by the host. These segments starred Hamish Blake, Andy Lee, Ryan Shelton, and Tim Bartley with voice-overs provided by Greg Fleet.
The show originally started as a project for Melbourne's Channel 31, a community access television station, as a collaboration between Roving Enterprises and Hamish & Andy's production company, Radio Karate. It was repeated during 2007, and is currently available on DVD. Several podcasts were produced, including material not broadcast in the series.
Setting
Episodes
External links
Real Stories website
Real Stories' Myspace page
2000s Australian comedy television series
Hamish & Andy
Network 10 original programming
2006 Australian television series debuts
2006 Australian television series endings |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avengers%20in%20Galactic%20Storm | is a 1995 fighting arcade game developed and published by Data East. It features a single or two-player story mode or multiplayer head-to-head mode, and was the first modern fighting game to feature assistant characters commonly referred to by gamers either as "helpers" or "strikers". The game is based on characters in the Marvel universe, primarily The Avengers but also the Kree. The game's plot and roster of playable characters is based on the Operation: Galactic Storm story arc. Before their bankruptcy in 2003, it was one of Data East's last fighting games, as well as their third and last game based on The Avengers after their two 1991 video games: the Captain America and The Avengers beat 'em up arcade and the NES platform game of the same name.
On February 26, 1996, Pony Canyon and Scitron Label added the background music of Avengers in Galactic Storm with the background music of another Data East MLC System title, Skull Fang, both into an album titled Skull Fang / Avengers in Galactic Storm, which was released exclusively in Japan. The game never received a console release, but, in 2021, Galactic Storm was included in an Arcade1Up cabinet collection alongside X-Men and Captain America and the Avengers.
Gameplay
Avengers in Galactic Storm is mostly space-themed and plays similarly to other 2D versus fighting games during its release, which the player's character fights against his or her opponent in best two-out-of-three matches in a single player tournament mode with the computer or against another human player. The player has a character roster of eight playable fighters to choose from, each with their moves and fighting styles from the comics. The main unique feature of Avengers in Galactic Storm is the assistant character roster. Players choose both a playable character and an assistant to fight with before proceeding with the selected mode. There are three types of bars above the fighting segments: health, power and assistant. If the health bar becomes empty, that character becomes knocked out. If the power bar becomes full, that character now has a chance to perform desperation moves. If one of the two assistant bars become full, that character can call out his or her assistant to briefly attack his or her opponent (up to two times) before they leave the stage.
There are two modes in the game, "Story Mode" and "VS Mode". In "Story Mode", when selected, the player has to select one of two "Mid-Game Participants": "Friend (Team Member)" or "Foe (Opponent)". One player can either fight alone or team up with a second player against opponents throughout this mode. The object of this mode is to knock out several characters in order of appearance throughout the Operation: Galactic Storm story arc. Each player will have two lives either at the beginning or when continuing. When completed, the game will force players to fight previously fought characters randomly selected and played by the computer player. When two players team up, and when |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmers%27%20suicides%20in%20India | Farmer suicides in India refers to the national catastrophe of farmers dying by suicide since the 1970s, due to their inability to repay loans mostly taken from private landlords and banks.
NCRB data shows that the incidence of farmer suicides has remained high in the 6 years between 2014 and 2020. 5,600 farmers died by suicide in 2014, and 5,500 farmers died by suicide in 2020. If the agricultural labourers are added to the 2020 number, the number of suicides rises to over 10,600.
The National Crime Records Bureau of India reported that a total of 296,438 Indian farmers had died by suicide between 1995 and 2014. Out of these, 60,750 farmer suicides were in the state of Maharashtra since 1995 and the remaining in Odisha, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Chhattisgarh, all states with loose financial and entry regulations.
Earlier, governments had reported varying figures, from 5,650 farmer suicides in 2014 to the highest number of farmer suicides in 2004 of 18,241. The farmer's suicide rate in India had ranged between 1.4 and 1.8 per 100,000 total population, over a 10-year period through 2005. However, the figures in 2017 and 2018 showed an average of more than 10 suicides daily or 5760 suicides per year. There are accusations of states manipulating the data on farmer suicides, hence the real figures could be even higher.
India is an agrarian country with around 70% of its people depending directly or indirectly upon agriculture. Agriculture had 15.4% share in the economy of India in 2017. Around 41.49% of total labor was associated with agriculture in 2020. Farmer suicides account for 11.2% of all suicides in India. Activists and scholars have offered several conflicting reasons for farmer suicides, such as anti-farmer laws, high debt burdens, poor government policies, corruption in subsidies, crop failure, mental health, personal issues and family problems.
Farmers' income rose by 30 per cent while their debt surged by around 58 per cent between 2013 and 2019. As a result, farmers' debt as a percentage of their annual income shot up by 13 percentage points, according to the latest data released by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.
History
Historical records relating to frustration, revolts, and high mortality rates among farmers in India, particularly cash crop farmers, date back to the 19th century. However, suicides due to the same were rare. The high land taxes of the 1870s, payable in cash regardless of the effects of frequent famines on farm output or productivity, combined with colonial protection of usury, money lenders, and landowner rights, contributed to widespread penury and frustration among cotton and other farmers, ultimately leading to the Deccan Riots of 1875–1877.
The colonial government enacted the Deccan Agriculturists' Relief Act in 1879, to limit the interest rate charged by money lenders to Deccan cotton farmers, but applied it selectively to areas that served foreign cot |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEYU%20%28TV%29 | KEYU (channel 31) is a television station licensed to Borger, Texas, United States, serving the Amarillo area as an affiliate of the Spanish-language network Telemundo. It is owned by Gray Television alongside CBS affiliate KFDA-TV (channel 10). The two stations share studios on Broadway Drive (just south of West Cherry Avenue) in northern Amarillo; KEYU's transmitter is located on Dumas Drive (US 87-287) and Reclamation Plant Road in rural unincorporated Potter County.
Despite its full-power status, the station's broadcasting radius does not reach the entire Amarillo market (covering a area, compared to KFDA's signal contour). To reach portions of the Texas Panhandle that do not receive KEYU's signal adequately, if at all, KEYU's fourth digital subchannel (affiliated with Ion Television) is simulcast in 480i widescreen standard definition on KFDA's third subchannel (10.3) from a separate transmitter at the KEYU/KFDA studios.
History
The station first signed on the air on November 2, 2004; it was founded and owned by Little Rock-based Equity Broadcasting Corporation (later Equity Media Holdings). KEYU originally operated as an affiliate of Univision, becoming the first Amarillo television station to have affiliated with the Spanish-language network. The station originally broadcast from studio facilities located on South Kentucky Street (behind I-40) on Amarillo's southwest side. Prior to the station's sign-on, Univision had previously been only receivable via local cable providers within the state (such as Cox Communications in Amarillo and Canyon), which carried the Spanish language network's programming via its national feed; that feed was eventually replaced by a direct fiber optic feed of KEYU—whose schedule mirrored the national feed outside of local advertising, news inserts and occasional paid programming substitutions—from the station's studios.
On June 25, 2008, Equity announced that it would sell KEYU and its low-power repeaters—along with Univision affiliates KUOK in Woodward, Oklahoma (and its Oklahoma City and Sulphur translators), KUTW-LP/KWKO-LP in Waco, Texas, WLZE-LP/WEVU-CA in Fort Myers, Florida; and WUMN-CA in Minneapolis–Saint Paul—to Luken Communications (owned by former Equity executive Henry Luken) for $25 million, with a contingency to reduce the sale price to $17.5 million if Luken closed its purchase on all of the stations simultaneously. That December, Equity Media Holdings filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection; offers by Luken Communications to acquire Equity-owned stations in six markets were later withdrawn. According to the Retro Television Network website, KEYU had at one point planned to add an RTN affiliate on DT3 sometime in the future. However, after Equity filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in December 2008, Luken began to distance itself from Equity; its offers to acquire KEYU and other Equity stations were eventually withdrawn, and on January 4, 2009, RTN affiliation was removed from all Equity-owne |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-capacity%20data%20radio | High-capacity data radio (HCDR) is a development of the Near-Term Digital Radio (NTDR) for the UK government as a part of the Bowman communication system. It is a secure wideband 225–450 MHz UHF radio system that provides a self-managing IP-based Internet backbone capability without the need for other infrastructure communications (mobile phone, fixed communications).
There is also an export version that incorporates Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption rather than UK Government Type 1 Crypto. The radio offers a link throughput (terminal to terminal) of 500 kbit/s. A deployment of over 200 HCDR-equipped military vehicles can automatically configure and self manage into a fully connected autonomous mesh network intercommunicating using mobile ad hoc network (MANET) protocols. The radio is an IPv4-compliant three-port router having a radio port, Ethernet port and PPP serial port. The 20-watt radio has adaptive transmit power and adaptive forward error correction and can optimally achieve ground ranges up to 15 km with omnidirectional antennas. A maritime version allows radio LAN operation within flotillas of naval ships up to 20 km apart. The radio features coded modulation with internal wide-band or narrow band radio data modems.
References
British military radio
Military radio systems
Wireless networking |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless%20grid | Wireless grids are wireless computer networks consisting of different types of electronic devices with the ability to share their resources with any other device in the network in an ad hoc manner.
A definition of the wireless grid can be given as: "Ad hoc, distributed resource-sharing networks between heterogeneous wireless devices"
The following key characteristics further clarify this concept:
No centralized control
Small, low powered devices
Heterogeneous applications and interfaces
New types of resources like cameras, GPS trackers and sensors
Dynamic and unstable users / resources
The technologies that make up the wireless grid can be divided into two main categories; ad hoc networking and grid computing.
(Wireless) Ad hoc networking
In traditional networks, both wired and wireless, the connected devices, or nodes, depend on dedicated devices (edge devices) such as routers and/or servers for facilitating the throughput of information from one node to the other. These 'routing nodes' have the ability to determine where information is coming from and where it is supposed to go. They give out names and addresses (IP addresses) to each connected node and regulate the traffic between them. In wireless grids, such dedicated routing devices are not (always) available and the bandwidth that is permanently available to traditional networks has to be either 'borrowed' from an already existing network or publicly accessible bandwidth (open spectrum) has to be used.
A group addressing this problem is MANET (Mobile Ad Hoc Network).
Resource sharing
One of the intended aspects of wireless grids is that it will facilitate the sharing of a wide variety of resources. These will include both technical as information resources. The former being bandwidth, QoS, and web services, but also computational power and data storage capacity. Information resources can include virtually any kind of data from databases and membership lists to pictures and directories.
Ad hoc resource sharing between mobile devices in the wireless grid require for the devices to agree on sharing/communication protocols without the existence of dedicated servers.
Coordination Systems
Coordination Systems are the actual mechanisms that enable the sharing of resources between different devices. For different resources, devices use different coordination systems. Examples of such mechanisms are: SMB or NFS for sharing disk space and the distributed.net client for sharing processor cycles.
Trust Establishment
Before users are willing to share any resource, they demand a certain amount of trust between them and the users and/or systems they share resources with. The amount of trust required depends on the kind of information/resource that is to be shared. Sharing processor cycles requires less substantial trust then the sharing of personal information and commercial information can require another level of trust establishment altogether. There are systems currently in operation that can |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back%20Street%20Soccer | Back Street Soccer is a Korean street soccer arcade game released by SunA Electronics in 1996. In spite of the different sport, it is similar in style and concept to Street Slam by Data East.
Gameplay
The player can select one from fourteen available national teams, with a game session spanning eight rounds of play.
The following teams are selectable:
External links
Back Street Soccer at Arcade History
Back Street Soccer at GameFAQs
1996 video games
Arcade video games
Arcade-only video games
Association football video games
North America-exclusive video games
Video games developed in South Korea |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expert%20Common%20Knowledge | Expert Common Knowledge is a trivia text-based game released by Expert Software for MS-DOS in 1992. It was designed and written by Rosemary K. West. One to four players can play on a single computer.
Categories
The game has 10 categories, players are asked 20 questions from each one.
Nature
History
Grab Bag
Literature
Geography
Vocabulary
Mathematics
Music & Arts
Science & Computers
Entertainment and Sports
References
External links
Rosemary West's Site
1992 video games
DOS games
DOS-only games
Quiz video games
Quiz games
Video games developed in the United States |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Indian | Little Indian may refer to:
Little Indian, Illinois, an unincorporated community in the US
Little Indian River (Michigan), US
See also
Little-endian, in computing
Ten Little Indians (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baku%20Baku%20Animal | Baku Baku, released in Japan as is a falling block puzzle arcade game released by Sega in 1995. The game is dedicated as Sega's first ever Network Compatible PC Game. A Sega NetLink compatible version of the game was also announced, but never released.
The Japanese onomatopoeia "Baku Baku" roughly translates to "Chomp Chomp".
Gameplay
The player must line up falling blocks of animals and foodstuffs. When an animal is aligned adjacent to a tile of its favored food, the animal eats the food. Larger groups of connected food of the same type scores higher when eaten.
When animals eat foodstuffs, they also make random blocks fall on the opponent's area, right after the currently falling blocks. The object of the game is to make one's opponent unable to place more blocks.
Reception
In Japan, Game Machine listed Baku Baku Animal on their June 1, 1995 issue as being the eleventh most-successful arcade game of the month.
The Saturn version was met with critical acclaim upon release, with Maximum calling it "the best 'next generation' puzzle game we've seen to date", Sega Saturn Magazine "some of the most addictive puzzle play since Tetris", GameSpot "a must own" for "Saturn owners who have even a remote interest in puzzle games", and GamePro "undeniably the best puzzle game in the world so far." Critics lauded the addictive gameplay, especially in two-player competitive mode, but the ludicrously cute graphics and sounds were met with general approval as well.
Reviewing the Game Gear version, the four reviewers of Electronic Gaming Monthly commented that the gameplay concept of Baku Baku Animal is simple and accessible, yet has enough strategic possibilities to engage even veteran players. Andrew Baran summarized it as "non-threatening fun anyone can enjoy".
Baku Baku won Computer Gaming Worlds 1996 "Classic/Puzzle Game of the Year" award. The editors wrote, "The beauty of this game [...] lies in its ability to suck you in and keep you coming back for more and more. If you haven't already tried it, beware: Baku Baku will eat up your time." It was a finalist for the Computer Game Developers Conference's 1996 "Best Trivia or Puzzle Game" Spotlight Award, but lost the prize to You Don't Know Jack XL. Electronic Gaming Monthly named the Game Gear version a runner up for "Hand-Held Game of the Year" and the Saturn version a runner up for "Puzzle Game of the Year" (beaten in both cases by Tetris Attack).
Baku Baku Animal was named the 72nd best computer game ever by PC Gamer UK in 1997.
Other media
A white label 12 inch EP consisting entirely of dance tracks using sound effects from Baku Baku Animal, recorded by The Dream Team and Timebase for the Suburban Base label, was circulated to disc jockeys in 1996.
Notes
References
External links
Baku Baku demo for Windows 95 - Sega of America
1995 video games
Arcade video games
Minato Giken games
Falling block puzzle games
Sega video games
Game Gear games
Master System games
Sega Saturn games
Windows |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kool%20Ka%20Lang | Kool () is a Philippine television situational comedy series broadcast by GMA Network. Starring Raymart Santiago, it premiered on October 19, 1998 on the network's KiliTV line up replacing Ibang Klase. The series concluded on October 13, 2003 and was replaced by Lagot Ka, Isusumbong Kita in its timeslot.
The series is streaming online on YouTube.
Cast and characters
Lead cast
Raymart Santiago as Jack Mangalikot
Bonel Balingit as Empoy Mangalikot
Joey Marquez as Magdaleno "Mags" Magdangal
Supporting cast
LJ Moreno as Gina
Gloria Diaz as Nadya
Blakdyak as Uling
Maureen Larrazabal as Maina
Robert "Long" Mejia as Long
Rufa Mae Quinto as Teenie
Dagul as Himself
Jomari Yllana as Bal
Benjie Paras as Jie
Alessandra de Rossi as Maji Magdangal
Maui Taylor as Waikiki
Dennis Padilla as Gancho
Isko Salvador as Clinton
Mark Wilson as Pot-Pot
References
External links
1998 Philippine television series debuts
2003 Philippine television series endings
Filipino-language television shows
GMA Network original programming
Philippine comedy television series |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston%20Computer%20Society | The Boston Computer Society (BCS) was an organization of personal computer users, based in Boston, Massachusetts, U.S., that ran from 1977 to 1996. At one point, it was the largest such group in the world, with regular user group meetings, many publications, permanent offices in Boston, and hosting major product announcements, including the East Coast release of the Apple Macintosh in 1984.
History
The organization was co-founded by thirteen-year-old Jonathan Rotenberg in 1977, and grew to become the largest such organization in the world, with over 30,000 members in all 50 U.S. states and 40 other countries. The other co-founder was Richard Gardner. Among the early members were many well-known names in the computer industry, including
Stewart Alsop II,
Daniel S. Bricklin,
Philip D. Estridge,
Dan Fylstra,
William H. Gates,
Wayne Green,
Mitchell Kapor,
Cary Lu,
Mike Markkula,
Seymour Papert,
Jon Shirley,
Clive Sinclair,
Benjamin M. Rosen,
and Nigel Searle. At its peak in the early 1990s, BCS supported more than 75 different user and special interest groups and held more than 150 monthly meetings.
Apple Computer Corp., Lotus Software and IBM made major product announcements at BCS meetings. For example, Apple made the East Coast introduction of the Apple Macintosh at a BCS meeting in 1984, and GO Corp. made the consumer introduction of PenPoint OS to BCS in 1991.
Update, the BCS magazine, was renamed "Computer Update" when Stewart Alsop became the publisher. (April 1982 issue, April 1987 10th anniversary issue)
There were a myriad of user groups meeting monthly with their own paper newsletters.
Much of the promotional and support role played by the organization became obsolete with the increasing sophistication of computer users and the growth of the Internet as an alternate source of information. Membership shrank to 18,000, they ran out of money, and BCS closed in October 1996.
Milestones
1977: Founded in February by then 13-year-old Jonathan Rotenberg to be a resource for anyone to feel comfortable with computer technology, exchange information with fellow users, and learn from each other's successes and failures.
1978: Membership of 73. First mimeographed copy of BCS Update printed in November. First BCS telephone line installed - in Jonathan's bedroom. First meetings held in the Commonwealth School cafeteria.
1979: First BCS user group forums - for the Commodore PET computer. First BCS book published; a directory of local stores, consultants, and services. Membership: 300. VisiCalc introduced at BCS meeting by Bob Frankston and Dan Bricklin.
1980: The BCS is incorporated and rents a small downtown Boston office. First part-time employee hired as Jonathan leaves for Brown University. Membership at 1000 with nine user groups. BCS Update becomes Computer Update, a glossy 34-page magazine.
1980: April 1980 - The Apple/Boston user group becomes part of the Boston Computer society with Allen Sneider and Gary E. Haffer as the g |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Over%20My%20Dead%20Body%20%28TV%20series%29 | Over My Dead Body is an American police crime drama which was aired on the CBS television network from October 26, 1990 to June 20, 1991 as part of its 1990 fall lineup on Friday night at 9:00 p.m. Eastern time.
Over My Dead Body stars Edward Woodward as Maxwell Beckett, an aging mystery novelist whose three successful early novels were starting to be overshadowed by the reputation his two most recent works had developed as being "bombs." He was approached by young, struggling reporter Nikki Page (Jessica Lundy) who wrote for the San Francisco Union, and who came to him for help after witnessing a murder through her window and because he was her favorite author. After they solved this mystery, they became fast friends and began to work together in the "amateur sleuth" tradition to solve crimes.
Over My Dead Body was produced by William Link, the man responsible for Murder, She Wrote, but while it shared the theme of an aging mystery writer as an amateur sleuth in real life, it shared none of the earlier program's success. It was cancelled after a run of less than three months, although a few leftover episodes were aired in June 1991.
Cast
Edward Woodward as Maxwell Beckett
Jessica Lundy as Nikki Page
Episodes
References
Brooks, Tim and Marsh, Earle, The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows
External links
CBS original programming
1990s American crime drama television series
Television series by Universal Television
1990 American television series debuts
1991 American television series endings
Television shows set in San Francisco
English-language television shows
Television shows about writers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-to-one%20computing | In the context of education, one-to-one computing (sometimes abbreviated as "1:1") refers to academic institutions, such as schools or colleges, that allow each enrolled student to use an electronic device in order to access the Internet, digital course materials, and digital textbooks. The concept has been actively explored and sporadically implemented since the late 1990s. One-to-one computing used to be contrasted with a policy of "bring your own device" (BYOD), which encourages or requires students to use their own laptops, smartphones or other electronic devices in class. The distinction between BYOD and school-issued devices became blurred when many schools started recommending devices for parents to buy (examples for both iPads and Chromebooks being used 1:1 in schools, but being paid for by parents exist, there may be similar evidence for other devices). The term 1:1 computing in education is now redefined to a situation where students have access to a device per individual that is used in the teaching as a tool for learning.
Historically, the programs have centered around the following devices:
Laptops (Windows and Mac) 1990s-2010.
iPads (with some competing Android and Windows devices) 2010-2014
Chromebooks (2015–present) (with iPad+keyboard and other laptop & tablet-computers competing).
Levels
The level of education will influence the type of adoption, through factors such as: user-readiness, budget, expected merits, and cost-benefits.
For young students, iPads and competing devices remain very popular, but they are not always 1:1. Many more affluent schools provide each of their students with an iPad to use throughout the school year.
For students that need to type more, Chromebooks are the most common. Middle and High Schools and, to some extent, colleges have been customers for Chromebooks.
For mature/adult students in higher education, the BYOD approach is most employed. Institutions provide WiFi and web-based LMS access. However, chromebooks can be found in many libraries.
Benefits
There seems to be consensus that 1:1 availability of devices improves their usefulness. Having to share devices reduces their educational efficacy because of the reduced intensity & length of the experience and the additional time spent on file-management, configuration management, device management and distribution.
Before cloud-computing the main benefits referred to access to devices. As cloud-computing progressed collaboration, cost reduction, going paperless, 21st century skills became more of a focus. Red research included 1:1 and collaboration in its key research findings.
One-to-one computing offers the benefits of equal access, standardization, easy upgrades, simple networking and the ability to monitor student progress and online behavior. For these reasons, one-to-one computing is a major part of education policy in many countries. These benefits also underlie the one-to-one model of One Laptop per Child (OLPC), a charity that |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetFoss | NetFoss is a popular Network FOSSIL driver for Windows.
A FOSSIL is a serial communications layer to allow DOS based software to talk to modems without dealing with hardware I/O and interrupts.
A Network FOSSIL redirects such software to a TCP/IP address rather than to a serial modem.
NetFoss is faster than other FOSSIL drivers, due to being written in 32-bit assembly language.
It allows Zmodem transfers at up to 280,000 CPS.
NetFoss was developed in 2001 by pcmicro, and was released as freeware. Several minor updates have been released since then. The current version can be downloaded from http://netfoss.com.
References
NetFoss Users Guide
FOSSIL implementation and use, FidoNet Technical Standards Committee
Interfacing to a FOSSIL Communication Driver, Dr. Dobb's Journal
The BBS FAQ, Chapter 6.09: FOSSIL DRIVERS
External links
http://netfoss.com
FOSSIL
sv:Fido Opus Seadog Standard Interface Layer
zh:FOSSIL |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America%27s%20Got%20Talent%20%28season%202%29 | The second season of American talent show competition series America's Got Talent was broadcast on NBC from June 5 to August 21, 2007. The network originally intended for it to run during its winter schedule that year, but opted against it following concerns over it clashing with other popular programs at that time. After the success of its first year, additional episodes of the series were commissioned by NBC, with changes being made to the program's format for the new season. These included the addition of a "boot camp" stage during the auditions, and the use of the judge's buzzers matching other editions of the Got Talent franchise, particularly after the first season of Britain's Got Talent.
While Piers Morgan and David Hasselhoff returned as judges, Regis Philbin did not return as host for the new season, and was replaced by tabloid talk show host Jerry Springer. Brandy Norwood was unable to return as a judge following the previous season, due to an ongoing lawsuit against her at the time, and was replaced by Sharon Osbourne as a result. The second season was won by singing ventriloquist and impressionist Terry Fator, with singer and guitarist Cas Haley finishing in second place, and singing beatboxer Butterscotch placing third.
Season overview
Following the success of the first season of America's Got Talent, NBC opted to commission further seasons of the program for the foreseeable future. As part of the network's original plan for the second season, the new episodes were intended to broadcast during the network's Winter 2007 schedule, with the results of each live round aired on the same day. However, concerns that such a decision would place America's Got Talent in a direct competition for viewing ratings with the sixth season of American Idol, due to being aired around the same period. NBC eventually dropped the plan, and set the program up for its Summer schedule that year, allocating the arranged broadcasting slot of Grease: You're The One That I Want.
The second season had a considerable change in the format of the program, to match a more standardized arrangement being used across the Got Talent franchise. The most notable change was the filmed auditions being split into two stages, with the first taking place across a selection of cities, and the second stage operating in Las Vegas under a "boot camp" format titled "Las Vegas Callbacks". The second stage's rules focused on those who made it through the first stage being placed into one of two groups: "music" and "variety", having to successfully impress the judges across two rounds of performances, with each three minutes in length and conducted without interruptions from the judges. The other change was to incorporate the live round rules for judges used on other editions of Got Talent, particularly Britain's Got Talent. The new arrangement primarily saw judges giving feedback on a performance when it had ended but still using their buzzers to stop performances, while the pub |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Games%20for%20Windows | Games for Windows is a discontinued brand owned by Microsoft and introduced in 2006 to coincide with the release of the Windows Vista operating system. The brand itself represents a standardized technical certification program and online service for Windows games, bringing a measure of regulation to the PC game market in much the same way that console manufacturers regulate their platforms. The branding program was open to both first-party and third-party publishers.
Games for Windows was promoted through convention kiosks and through other forums as early as 2005. The promotional push culminated in a deal with Ziff Davis Media to rename the Computer Gaming World magazine to Games for Windows: The Official Magazine. The first GFW issue was published for November 2006. In 2008, Ziff Davis announced that the magazine would cease to be published, though online content would still be updated and maintained.
In 2013, Microsoft announced that Xbox PC Marketplace would cease operations, which would result in the discontinuation of the Games for Windows brand. In spite of this announcement, the company stated that content previously purchased could still be accessed via the Games for Windows – Live client software. Its successor is the Xbox app.
Games certified by Microsoft feature a prominent "Games for Windows" logo border across the top of their packaging, in a manner similar to games developed for the Xbox 360. Software must meet certain requirements mandated by Microsoft in order to display the brand on its packaging. These requirements include:
An "Easy Install" option that installs the title on a PC in the fewest possible steps and mouse clicks
Compatibility with Xbox 360 peripherals
An "Only on Xbox 360 and Windows Vista" or "Only on Windows Vista" stamp for game packaging
Compatibility with the Games Explorer
Compatibility with x64 processors with proper installation and execution on 64-bit versions of Windows Vista and Windows 7; games themselves can be 32-bit
Support for normal and widescreen resolutions, such as 4:3 aspect ratio (800 × 600, 1024 × 768), 16:9 aspect ratio (1280 × 720, 1920 × 1080), and 16:10 aspect ratio (1280 × 800, 1440 × 900, 1680 × 1050, 1920 × 1200)
Support for parental controls and family safety features
Support for launching from Windows Media Center
Microsoft claimed that it had increased its sales of Games for Windows-branded games in stores that had been giving the games greater focus, and stated that it planned to increase marketing efforts for the brand.
Features
Cross-platform compatibility
Certain games certified under the Games for Windows brand, including Shadowrun, and UNO featured cross-platform compatibility, allowing gamers to play against each other across Xbox 360 consoles and traditional Windows Vista or Windows 7 PCs.
offline play
Starting with Halo 2 on May 31, 2007, certain Games for Windows titles have access to Microsoft's Live network for online play and other features, including vo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroes%20and%20Demons | "Heroes and Demons" is the 12th episode of the first season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: Voyager. The episode first aired on the UPN network on April 24, 1995. It was directed by Les Landau and written by former Star Trek: The Next Generation story editor Naren Shankar. Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet and Maquis crew of the starship USS Voyager after they were stranded in the Delta Quadrant far from the rest of the Federation. In this episode, after a sample of a protostar is brought on board, crewmen start to vanish from a holodeck simulation of Beowulf. The Doctor (Robert Picardo), a hologram, investigates and finds that a lifeform was transported to the ship alongside the sample. It escaped to the holodeck where it was converting those who entered into energy. The Doctor has the samples brought to the holodeck and released, resulting in the lifeform returning the crewmen to their corporeal states.
With this episode, Shankar sought to move the Doctor out of sickbay, and while he was looking generally to involve Vikings on the holodeck, it wasn't until later that he realized he had inadvertently followed the story of the Beowulf poem, and so changed the script to include direct references. Composer Dennis McCarthy sought to increase the tempo of the music used in this episode, and included an unused piece written for The Next Generation episode "Qpid"; he was nominated for Outstanding Music Composition at the Emmy Awards for his work on "Heroes and Demons". A further nomination at those awards was received by Marvin V. Rush for Individual Achievement in Cinematography for a Series. Picardo's performance was praised by the crew, and the episode was received positively by critics, who compared elements to The Lord of the Rings and computer based roleplaying games. It received Nielsen ratings of 6.4/11 percent.
Plot
The crew encounters a protostar and Captain Kathryn Janeway (Kate Mulgrew) decides to have samples beamed aboard for use as a potential power source. A problem occurs when beaming the samples to Voyager. Janeway recommends to B'Elanna Torres (Roxann Dawson) that she should have Ensign Harry Kim's (Garrett Wang) assistance, but he is discovered to be missing. The crew finds his holodeck program, based on the epic poem Beowulf, still running. With each person sent into the holodeck also becoming lost, Captain Janeway sends in the Doctor (Robert Picardo) to investigate, under the assumption that as an immaterial hologram, he cannot be dematerialized in the way the missing crew had been. The Doctor shows signs of nervousness when preparing for his first "away" mission, so Kes (Jennifer Lien) encourages him to take a name to embolden him with having an identity of his own. He states that he has narrowed his choices to three but does not reveal them.
Once in the holodeck, the Doctor meets Freya (Marjorie Monaghan), a shieldmaiden, and introduces himself as "Schweit |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced%20Wireless%20Services | Advanced Wireless Services (AWS) is a wireless telecommunications spectrum band used for mobile voice and data services, video, and messaging. AWS is used in the United States, Argentina, Canada, Colombia, Mexico, Chile, Paraguay, Peru, Ecuador, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay and Venezuela. It replaces some of the spectrum formerly allocated to Multipoint Multichannel Distribution Service (MMDS), sometimes referred to as Wireless Cable, that existed from 2150 to 2162 MHz.
The AWS band uses microwave frequencies in several segments: from 1695 to 2200 MHz. The service is intended to be used by mobile devices such as wireless phones for mobile voice, data, and messaging services. Most manufacturers of smartphone mobile handsets provide versions of their phones that include radios that can communicate using the AWS spectrum. Though initially limited, device support for AWS has steadily improved the longer the band has been in general use, with most high-end and many mid-range handsets supporting it over UMTS, LTE and 5G NR.
Changes
The AWS band defined in 2002 (AWS-1), used microwave frequencies in two segments, from 1710 to 1755 MHz for uplink, and from 2110 to 2155 MHz for downlink. The service is intended to be used by mobile devices such as wireless phones for mobile voice, data, and messaging services. Most manufacturers of smartphone mobile handsets provide versions of their phones that include radios that can communicate using the AWS spectrum. Since for downlink AWS uses a subset of UMTS frequency band I (2100 MHz) some UMTS2100 capable handsets do detect AWS networks but cannot register on them due to the difference in uplink frequencies (1710–1755 MHz for AWS versus 1920–1980 MHz for UMTS2100).
Though initially limited, device support for AWS has steadily improved the longer the frequency has been in general use, with most high-end and many mid-range handsets supporting it over HSPA, LTE, or both. In Canada, almost all available LTE handsets support AWS as it was the first frequency over which LTE was offered there, and was still the most commonly supported frequency for LTE in Canada as of 2014-08-21.
In 2012 the [FCC] released rules for the 'H' block (AWS-2), covering the frequencies 1915-1920 MHz and 1995-2000 MHz.
In 2013 they regulated the AWS-3 Block, covering bands 1695-1710 MHz, 1755-1780 MHz and 2155-2180 MHz.
In 2012 there was a proposal regarding the AWS-4 Block, which regulated use of 2000-2020 MHz and 2180-2200 MHz. These were initially proposed for use with the Mobile Satellite System (MSS), but later more uses were introduced
Canada
In Canada, Industry Canada held the auction for AWS spectrum in 2008. Freedom Mobile (formerly Wind Mobile) had licensed AWS spectrum in every province, and began offering voice and data services on December 16, 2009. Its Saskatchewan and Manitoba spectrum was later sold off to Sasktel and MTS, respectively. Freedom only operates in British Columbia, Alberta and Ontario, although t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load%20task%20register | The LTR x86 instruction stands for load task register and is used in operating systems that support multitasking. LTR is supported only in protected mode and long mode, not in real mode or virtual 8086 mode. It must be executed when the Current Privilege Level (CPL) is 0, and therefore cannot be used by application programs. LTR loads the special x86 task register with a segment selector that points to a task state segment (TSS). After executing the LTR instruction, the TSS pointed to by the argument is marked busy, but no hardware task switch occurs.
The opposite of the LTR instruction is the STR instruction, which means store task register and copies the value of the task register to the specified location. Note that the x86 task register is only accessible directly through the LTR and STR instructions.
References
X86 instructions |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra%20Network%20Technologies | Ultra Network Technologies (previously called Ultra Corporation) was a networking company. It offered high-speed network products for the scientific computing market as well as some commercial companies. It was founded in 1986 by James N. Perdue (formerly of NASA, Ames Research Center), Drew Berding, and Wes Meador (of Control Data Corporation) to provide higher speed connectivity and networking for supercomputers and their peripherals and workstations. At the time, the only other companies offering high speed networking and connectivity for the supercomputer and high-end workstation market was Network Systems Corporation (NSC) and Computer Network Technology Corporation (CNT). They both offered 50 megabytes per second (MB/s) bandwidth between controllers but at that time, their architecture was not implemented using standard networking protocols and their applications were generally focused on supporting connectivity at high speed between large mainframes and peripherals, often only implementing only point-to-point connections. Ethernet was available in 1986 and was used by most computer centers for general networking purposes. Its bandwidth was not high enough to manage the high data rate required by the 100 MB/s supercomputer channels and 4 MB/s VMEbus channels on workstations.
Ultra's first customer, Apple Computer, purchased a system to connect their Cray 1 supercomputer to a high speed graphics framebuffer so that Apple could simulate new personal computers on the Cray Research computer (at the hardware level) and use the framebuffer as the simulated computer display device. Although not a networking application, this first contract allowed Ultra to demonstrate the basic technologies and gave them capital to continue development on a true networking processor.
In 1988, Ultra introduced ISO TP4 (level 4 networking protocol) as part of their controllers and implemented a type of star configuration network using coax and fiber optic connections. They called this product, UltraNet. They later offered a fast version of TCP/IP in their controllers, as this protocol was most frequently encountered in an actual computer center network environment. The clock rates on the Ultra network processors provided 250 Mbit/s transfer rates and four of these could be connected together to achieve one gigabit per second transfer rates for a single logical connection. Effective transfer rates between Silicon Graphics and Sun Microsystems workstations exceeded 4 MB/s using one 250 Mbit/s physical connection, a factor of over 10 to 12 greater than then current Ethernet connections and often exceeded the effective transfer rates of the competing NSC and CNT connections in similar applications. Customers with dual Cray computers measured the connections between Cray processors over the UltraNet that exceeded 80 MB/s effective transfer rates. Ultra Network Technologies products included network cards for workstations and mini-supercomputers using VMEbu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fold%20%28higher-order%20function%29 | In functional programming, fold (also termed reduce, accumulate, aggregate, compress, or inject) refers to a family of higher-order functions that analyze a recursive data structure and through use of a given combining operation, recombine the results of recursively processing its constituent parts, building up a return value. Typically, a fold is presented with a combining function, a top node of a data structure, and possibly some default values to be used under certain conditions. The fold then proceeds to combine elements of the data structure's hierarchy, using the function in a systematic way.
Folds are in a sense dual to unfolds, which take a seed value and apply a function corecursively to decide how to progressively construct a corecursive data structure, whereas a fold recursively breaks that structure down, replacing it with the results of applying a combining function at each node on its terminal values and the recursive results (catamorphism, versus anamorphism of unfolds).
As structural transformations
Folds can be regarded as consistently replacing the structural components of a data structure with functions and values. Lists, for example, are built up in many functional languages from two primitives: any list is either an empty list, commonly called nil ([]), or is constructed by prefixing an element in front of another list, creating what is called a cons node ( Cons(X1,Cons(X2,Cons(...(Cons(Xn,nil))))) ), resulting from application of a cons function (written down as a colon (:) in Haskell). One can view a fold on lists as replacing the nil at the end of the list with a specific value, and replacing each cons with a specific function. These replacements can be viewed as a diagram:
There's another way to perform the structural transformation in a consistent manner, with the order of the two links of each node flipped when fed into the combining function:
These pictures illustrate right and left fold of a list visually. They also highlight the fact that foldr (:) [] is the identity function on lists (a shallow copy in Lisp parlance), as replacing cons with cons and nil with nil will not change the result. The left fold diagram suggests an easy way to reverse a list, foldl (flip (:)) []. Note that the parameters to cons must be flipped, because the element to add is now the right hand parameter of the combining function. Another easy result to see from this vantage-point is to write the higher-order map function in terms of foldr, by composing the function to act on the elements with cons, as:
map f = foldr ((:) . f) []
where the period (.) is an operator denoting function composition.
This way of looking at things provides a simple route to designing fold-like functions on other algebraic data types and structures, like various sorts of trees. One writes a function which recursively replaces the constructors of the datatype with provided functions, and any constant values of the type with provided values. Such a func |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arachne%20%28disambiguation%29 | Arachne is a figure in Greek mythology. It may also refer to:
Arachne (Internet suite)
Arachne (archaeological database)
407 Arachne, an asteroid
Julia Carpenter, a fictional superheroine also called Arachne
A group of characters in Sonic the Hedgehog (comic series)
A character in Soul Eater, a manga series
Sarah Hayes (crossword compiler), who uses the pseudonym Arachne. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime%20%26%20Investigation%20%28European%20TV%20channel%29 | Crime & Investigation (stylized as Crime + Investigation) is a pan-European television channel based in the United Kingdom, owned by A&E Networks UK (a joint venture of A&E Networks and Sky Group). The channel primarily broadcasts true crime programming, and is a European version of the U.S. network of the same name.
TVT Media is responsible for the signal distribution across mainland Europe, and local subsidiaries of A&E Networks are the distribution representatives across Europe, except for Spain and Portugal. In Spain, it is named Crimen + Investigación and in Portugal, it is named Crime + Investigation and it is operated by AMC Networks International Southern Europe. The Portuguese version also airs in Portuguese-speaking African countries (Angola, Cape Verde, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique and São Tomé and Príncipe).
Its programming is mainly in English and locally subtitled or dubbed. It is available through numerous satellite, cable, terrestrial and IPTV distributors across Europe, the Middle East and Africa.
History
A high definition version launched on Sky in the UK and Ireland on 5 November 2008. Crime+Investigation HD originally operated on a separate schedule to the standard definition channel and timeshared with Bio. HD. On 3 July 2012, Bio. HD closed to allow Crime + Investigation HD to broadcast 24 hours a day, simulcasting the standard definition channel.
A one-hour timeshift channel named CI +1 launched on Sky UK on 2 March 2009. Since the rebranding in January 2017, this has been named Crime+Investigation +1 and is on Sky channel 256.
The channel launched in the Netherlands in July 2011. Followed by Romania through UPC Romania on 2 September 2013 and Italy through Sky Italia on 17 December 2013.
The network launched on BT TV on 15 August 2013 and TalkTalk in the UK on 28 August 2014. It is on the Entertainment Extra Boost along with History.
The HD channel launched on Virgin Media channel 222 in the UK on 21 July 2018. At the same time, the timeshift channel also launched on there on channel 224.
On 6 November 2018, the European Commission ordered A&E Networks UK to divest its factual channels, as a condition of Disney's acquisition of 21st Century Fox.
It was announced on 1 October 2019 that the channel, along with Sister channels, History and Lifetime would no longer be packaged by MultiChoice's DStv across Africa by the end of October, 2019 after its carriage contract broke down between the A+E Networks and MultiChoice. but since they reached carriage agreement with Multichoice and A+E Networks, History and Lifetime are kept, but Crime+Investigation was dropped from the platform.
References
External links
A&E Networks
Television channels in the Netherlands
Television channels in the United Kingdom
Television channels in North Macedonia
Television channels and stations established in 2006
Sky television channels
AMC Networks International
2006 establishments in the United Kingdom
Television stations i |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What%27s%20Good%20For%20You | What's Good For You is a Logie Award-winning Australian health and lifestyle television program that airs on the Nine Network. It investigates myths and fables concerning health and well-being. Examples of myths investigated include "Does chocolate really cause pimples?", "Is there a cure for hiccups?" and "What foods produce the most flatulence?".
The show was initially broadcast as an ongoing series of 60-minute episodes in 2006 and 2007. In 2008, Nine announced plans to revise the format of the program in the form of stand alone specials, with the first broadcast in this format later that year. The series returned as an ongoing series, albeit in a 30-minute format, from 8 April 2009.
Presenters
The original incarnation of What's Good For You in 2006 was hosted by Sigrid Thornton, with segments presented by Brooke Hanson, Leila McKinnon, Dr. Andrew Rochford and Michael Slater. The presenters remained the same in 2007, but with the addition of Giaan Rooney to the line up. Jessica Rowe also featured in a guest presenter spot in 2007. For the series' spring special in 2008, Thornton was replaced as host by Lisa Wilkinson, and Rochford was joined by new presenters Shelley Craft, landscaper Melissa King and the "Barefoot Investor" Scott Pape.
In the series' 2009 relaunch, Rochford was promoted to series host, whilst Craft, King and Pape have been replaced by new presenters Grant Hackett, Janella Purcell and Lyndsey Rodrigues.
Grant Hackett (2009)
Janella Purcell (2009)
Dr. Andrew Rochford (2006 – 2009, host 2009)
Lyndsey Rodrigues (2009)
Scott Pape (2008)
Shelley Craft (2007)
Brooke Hanson (2006–2007)
Melissa King (2008)
Leila McKinnon (2006–2007)
Giaan Rooney (2007)
Jessica Rowe (guest presenter 2007)
Michael Slater (2006–2007)
Sigrid Thornton (host 2006 – 2007)
Lisa Wilkinson (host 2008)
DVD release
The first season of What's Good For You was released on DVD in January 2009 as a four-disc set.
Cancellation
In late 2009, Nine announced in their Nine In 2010 brief on their corporate site that they were developing new episodes of What's Good For You to broadcast sometime in 2010. However, no new series of the show materialised during the year. When Nine released their Nine in 2011 brief in late 2010, What's Good For You was not mentioned at all.
References
External links
Nine Network original programming
2006 Australian television series debuts
2009 Australian television series endings
Australian non-fiction television series
English-language television shows
Television series by Beyond Television Productions |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5%20and%20Up | 5 and Up is a Philippine television informative show broadcast by GMA Network. It premiered on May 16, 1992, on ABC and later moved to GMA Network. The show concluded in 2003.
Hosts
Alex Amado
Alwien Raidene Lacanilao
Anya Benitez
Arthur Anthony Cipriano
Atom Araullo
Byron Abao
Carlo Mendoza
Chiyomi Rances
Chuck Grey
Chynna Ortaleza
Diego Maranan
Eliza Agabin
Enzo Marcos
Frances Fleta
Giancarlo Hilario
Giggles Arceo
Ian Tugas
Jennifer Cremen
Jessica Gallegos
Jolly Estaris
John Laurence Patulan
Joseton Vergel de Dios
Josh Matic
Justine de Jesus
Kai de Veyra
Krianne Maniego
Lily Anne Casimiro
Luigi Exconde
Luz Yballe
Maureen Araneta
Maxene Magalona
Melvin Abundo
Nicai de Guzman
Nina Serquina
Nina Torres
Oly Fernando
Pamela Cajilig
Paolo Olbes
Patrick da Silva
Phoebe Cabaluna
Rayver Cruz
Rex Sayson
Rodjun Cruz
Rookie Camaclang
Rupert Eustaquio
Satin Abad
Tin Tin Leones
Veronica Dorotheo
Wilroy Dilao
Xavi Gonzalez
Zak Yuson
Accolades
Highly Recommended, Asian Television Awards (1999, 2002)
Best Children's Show, PMPC Star Awards for TV (1992–93, 1994–96, 1999–2003)
Winner, KBP Golden Dove Awards (1992–2002)
Winner, Catholic Mass Media Awards (1992–2002)
Gold Medal Award, New York Festival (1996)
Winner, Gawad CCP Para Sa Telebisyon (1992-2000)
References
External links
1992 Philippine television series debuts
2003 Philippine television series endings
Filipino-language television shows
GMA Network original programming
Philippine children's television series
TV5 (Philippine TV network) original programming |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object%20Exchange%20Model | The Object Exchange Model (OEM) is a model for exchanging semi-structured data between object-oriented databases. It serves as the basic data model in numerous projects of the Stanford University Database Group, including Tsimmis, Lore, and C3.
Slight variations of OEM have evolved across different Stanford projects. In Lore, labels are actually on parent-child "links" rather than objects. For example, if an OEM object has multiple parents, different parent objects may use different labels to identify that object. An atomic value encoding a person's name might be included in one complex object using the label "Author" and in another complex object using the label "Editor." In C3, additional attributes are required for each object to annotate the changes to the object that have occurred over time.
OEM representations
Textual OEM interchange format used in Lore The goals of this interchange format were to have textual encodings of OEM to be easy to read, easy to edit, and easy to generate or parse by a program.
See also
XML
RDF
References
External links
A Standard Textual Interchange Format for the Object Exchange Model
Database management systems |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micral | Micral is a series of microcomputers produced by the French company Réalisation d'Études Électroniques (R2E), beginning with the Micral N in early 1973. The Micral N was the first commercially available microprocessor-based computer.
In 1986, three judges at The Computer Museum, Boston – Apple II designer and Apple Inc. co-founder Steve Wozniak, early MITS employee and PC World publisher David Bunnell, and the museum's associate director and curator Oliver Strimpel – awarded the title of "first personal computer using a microprocessor" to the 1973 Micral. The Micral N was the earliest commercial, non-kit personal computer based on a microprocessor (in this case, the Intel 8008).
The Computer History Museum currently says that the Micral is one of the earliest commercial, non-kit personal computers. The 1971 Kenbak-1, invented before the first microprocessor, is considered to be the world's first "personal computer". That machine did not have a one-chip CPU but instead was based purely on small-scale integration TTL chips.
Micral N
R2E founder André Truong Trong Thi (EFREI degree, Paris), a French immigrant from Vietnam, asked Frenchman François Gernelle to develop the Micral N computer for the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), starting in June 1972. Alain Perrier of INRA was looking for a computer for process control in his crop evapotranspiration measurements. The software was developed by Benchetrit. Beckmann designed the I/O boards and controllers for peripheral magnetic storage. Lacombe was responsible for the memory system, I/O high speed channel, power supply and front panel. Gernelle invented the Micral N, which was much smaller than existing minicomputers. The January 1974 Users Manual called it "the first of a new generation of mini-computer whose principal feature is its very low cost," and said, "MICRAL's principal use is in process control. It does not aim to be an universal mini-computer."
The computer was to be delivered in December 1972, and Gernelle, Lacombe, Benchetrit and Beckmann had to work in a cellar in Châtenay-Malabry for 18 hours a day in order to deliver the computer in time. The software, the ROM-based MIC 01 monitor and the ASMIC 01 assembler, was written on an Intertechnique Multi-8 minicomputer using a cross assembler. The computer was based on an Intel 8008 microprocessor clocked at 500 kHz. It had a backplane bus, called the Pluribus with 74-pin connector. 14 boards could be plugged in a Pluribus. With two Pluribus, the Micral N could support up to 24 boards. The computer used MOS memory instead of core memory. The Micral N could support parallel and serial input/output. It had 8 levels of interrupt and a stack. The computer was programmed with punched tape, and used a teleprinter or modem for I/O. The front panel console was optional, offering customers the option of designing their own console to match a particular application. It was delivered to the INRA in January 1973, and comme |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear%20programming%20relaxation | In mathematics, the relaxation of a (mixed) integer linear program is the problem that arises by removing the integrality constraint of each variable.
For example, in a 0–1 integer program, all constraints are of the form
.
The relaxation of the original integer program instead uses a collection of linear constraints
The resulting relaxation is a linear program, hence the name. This relaxation technique transforms an NP-hard optimization problem (integer programming) into a related problem that is solvable in polynomial time (linear programming); the solution to the relaxed linear program can be used to gain information about the solution to the original integer program.
Example
Consider the set cover problem, the linear programming relaxation of which was first considered by . In this problem, one is given as input a family of sets F = {S0, S1, ...}; the task is to find a subfamily, with as few sets as possible, having the same union as F.
To formulate this as a 0–1 integer program, form an indicator variable xi for each set Si, that takes the value 1 when Si belongs to the chosen subfamily and 0 when it does not. Then a valid cover can be described by an assignment of values to the indicator variables satisfying the constraints
(that is, only the specified indicator variable values are allowed) and, for each element ej of the union of F,
(that is, each element is covered). The minimum set cover corresponds to the assignment of indicator variables satisfying these constraints and minimizing the linear objective function
The linear programming relaxation of the set cover problem describes a fractional cover in which the input sets are assigned weights such that the total weight of the sets containing each element is at least one and the total weight of all sets is minimized.
As a specific example of the set cover problem, consider the instance F = {{a, b}, {b, c}, {a, c}}. There are three optimal set covers, each of which includes two of the three given sets. Thus, the optimal value of the objective function of the corresponding 0–1 integer program is 2, the number of sets in the optimal covers. However, there is a fractional solution in which each set is assigned the weight 1/2, and for which the total value of the objective function is 3/2. Thus, in this example, the linear programming relaxation has a value differing from that of the unrelaxed 0–1 integer program.
Solution quality of relaxed and original programs
The linear programming relaxation of an integer program may be solved using any standard linear programming technique. If it happens that, in the optimal solution, all variables have integer values, then it will also be an optimal solution to the original integer program. However, this is generally not true, except for some special cases (e.g. problems with totally unimodular matrix specifications.)
In all cases, though, the solution quality of the linear program is at least as good as that of the integer program, because |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MULTOS | MULTOS is a multi-application smart card operating system, that enables a smart card to carry a variety of applications, from chip and pin application for payment to on-card biometric matching for secure ID and ePassport. MULTOS is an open standard whose development is overseen by the MULTOS Consortium – a body composed of companies which have an interest in the development of the OS and includes smart card and silicon manufacturers, payment card schemes, chip data preparation, card management and personalization system providers, and smart card solution providers. There are more than 30 leading companies involved in the consortium.
One of the key differences of MULTOS with respect to other types of smart card OS, is that it implements a patented public key cryptography-based mechanism by which the manufacture, issuance and dynamic updates of MULTOS smartcards in the field is entirely under an issuer's control using digital certificates rather than symmetric key sharing. This control is enabled through the use of a Key Management Authority (KMA), a special kind of certification authority. The KMA provides card issuers with cryptographic information required to bind the card to the issuer, initialize the card for use, and generate permission certificates for the loading and deleting of applications under the control of the issuer.
Application providers can retrieve and verify the public key certificate of an individual issuer's card, and encrypt their proprietary application code and confidential personalisation data using that card's unique public key. This payload is digitally signed using the private key of the application provider. The KMA, on request from the card issuer, signs the application provider's public key and application code has and creates a digital certificate (the Application Load Certificate) that authorises the application to be loaded to an issuer's card or group of cards. Applications are therefore protected for integrity and confidentiality and loaded to a card without any party sharing symmetric keys and therefore needing to trust any other party sharing the card platform – including the card issuer. Both the Application Provider and Card Issuer know that only specific, authorised applications from authorised parties can be loaded to any specific card.
Hundreds of millions of MULTOS smart cards have been issued by banks and governments all around the world, for projects ranging from contactless payment, Internet authentication and loyalty, to national identity with digital signature, ePassport with biometrics, health care and military base and network access control.
Technical overview
A MULTOS implementation provides an operating system upon which resides a virtual machine. The virtual machine provides:
Application run-time environment.
Memory management.
Application loading and deleting.
Run-time environment
The run-time environment operates within the application space. This consists of code space and data |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primo%C5%BE%20Jakopin | Primož Jakopin (pron. Premozh Yacopeen), born 30 June 1949 is a Slovenian computer scientist, known for his work in the field of language technology and his contribution to speleology.
Early life and education
Jakopin was born in 1949 in Ljubljana, Slovenia. The family lived in the village of Leskovec pri Krškem, Dolenjska region and in 1956 moved to Ljubljana.
After a degree in technical mathematics (Numerično računanje singularnih integralov / Numerical Computation of Singular Integrals) at the University of Ljubljana in 1972, he obtained a master's degree in information sciences with the thesis Entropija imena i prezimena u Sloveniji / On entropy of first names and last names in Slovenia at the University of Zagreb in 1981 and in 1999 a Ph.D. with the thesis Zgornja meja entropije pri leposlovnih besedilih v slovenskem jeziku / Upper Bound of Entropy in Slovenian Literary Texts, again at the University of Ljubljana.
Computational linguistics
He was a senior lecturer at the Department of Comparative and General Linguistics, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana. His subjects of instruction are language technologies with stress on Lemmatisation. From 2001 to 2012 he was the Head of the Corpus Laboratory at the Fran Ramovš Institute of Slovenian Language (within the Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts). He participated in a number of European projects on language resources.
His major pieces of software: IBIS for the Digital DEC 10 mainframe computer, 1981, INES for the ZX Spectrum microcomputer, 1985, STEVE (ATARI ST, 1987-1992), EVA for DOS, 1992- and Microsoft Windows family of operating systems, 1996-, NEVA - Windows server search engine, 1999-. From 1992 to 1994 he supervised the transfer of the Standard Slovenian Dictionary (SSKJ) from printed to electronic version (EVA OCR, DOS version). In 1997 he wrote the first part-of-speech tagger for Slovenian texts. In 1999 he started an Internet text corpus, with a concordance service and linked wordform and reversed wordform frequency dictionaries. It is available as Nova beseda (New word).
Speleology
In high school, he read the book Kraški svet in njegovi pojavi / Karst world and its phenomena by Pavel Kunaver and especially because of its photographs by Bogumil Brinšek, Jakopin became interested in speleology. In 1966 he joined Ljubljana Cave Exploration Society (DZRJL) to learn more about caves and to participate in exploration of new caves. As a mathematician he was particularly interested in the principal cave size parameters, calculated from the cave survey, length and depth. They are closely related to the definition of a cave as a hollow underground formation, large enough for human exploration, and are used to compare and classify caves, for instance in the List of longest caves and in the List of deepest caves. Whereas the cave depth is well defined as the difference between the highest point and the lowest point of the cave, its length, us |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith%20Clark%20%28computer%20scientist%29 | Keith Leonard Clark (born 29 March 1943) is an Emeritus Professor in the Department of Computing at Imperial College London, England.
Education
Clark studied Mathematics at Durham University (Hatfield College), graduating in 1964 with a first-class degree. Clark then continued his studies at Cambridge University, taking a second undergraduate degree in Philosophy in 1966. He earned a Ph.D. in 1980 from the University of London with thesis titled Predicate logic as a computational formalism.
Career
Clark undertook Voluntary Service Overseas from 1967 to 1968 as a teacher of Mathematics at a school in Sierra Leone. He lectured in Computer Science at the Mathematics Department of Queen Mary College from 1969 to 1975. In 1975 he moved to Imperial College London, where he became a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Computer Science and joined Robert Kowalski in setting up the logic programming group. From 1987 to 2009 he was Professor of Computational Logic at Imperial College.
Clark's key contributions have been in the field of logic programming. His current research interests include multi-agent systems, cognitive robotics and multi-threading.
Business Interests
In 1980, with colleague Frank McCabe, he founded an Imperial College spin-off company, Logic Programming Associates, to develop and market Prolog systems for microcomputers (micro-Prolog) and to provide consultancy on expert systems and other logic programming applications. The company's star product was MacProlog. It had a user interface exploiting all the graphic user interface primitives of the Mac's OS, and primitives allowing bespoke Prolog-based applications to be built with application specific interfaces. Clark has also acted as a consultant to IBM, Hewlett-Packard and Fujitsu among other companies.
Selected publications
K. L. Clark, D. Cowell, Programs, Machines and Computation, McGraw-Hill, London, 1976.
K. L. Clark, S-A. Tarnlund, A first order theory of data and programs, Proc. IFIP Congress, Toronto, 939–944 pp, 1977.
K. L. Clark, Negation as failure, Logic and Data Bases (eds. Gallaire & Minker) Plenum Press, New York, 293–322 pp, 1978. (Also in Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning, (ed. M. Ginsberg), Morgan Kaufmann, 311–325, 1987.)
K. L. Clark, S. Gregory, A relational language for parallel programming, Proc. ACM Conference on Functional Languages and Computer Architecture, ACM, New York, 171–178 pp, 1981. (Also in Concurrent Prolog, (ed. E Shapiro), MIT Press, 9–26 pp, 1987.)
K. L. Clark, S-A. Tarnlund (eds), Logic Programming, Academic Press, London, 1982.
K. L. Clark, F. G. McCabe, micro-PROLOG: Programming in Logic, Prentice-Hall International, 1984.
K. L. Clark, I. Foster, A Declarative Environment for Concurrent Logic Programming, Proceedings of Colloquium on Functional and Logic Programming and Specification, LNCS 250, Springer-Verlag, 212 - 242 pp, 1987
K. L. Clark, Logic Programming Schemes and their Implementations, Computational Logic (ed Lasse |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Pfenning | Frank Pfenning is a German-American professor of computer science, adjunct professor in the department of philosophy, and head of the Computer Science Department at Carnegie Mellon University.
Education and career
Pfenning grew up in Rüsselsheim in Germany. He studied mathematics and computer science at Technische Universität Darmstadt in Germany. He then moved to the US and studied at Carnegie Mellon University, where he received his M.S. and Ph.D. in the Department of Mathematics in 1987, for his dissertation entitled Proof Transformations in Higher-Order Logic. He was a student of Peter B. Andrews.
His research includes work in the area of programming languages, logic and type theory,
logical frameworks, automated deduction, and trustworthy computing. He is one of the principal authors of the Twelf system. He also developed Carnegie Mellon's introductory imperative programming course for undergraduates and the C0 programming language used in this course.
Honors and awards
In 2015 he was named a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery "for contributions to the logical foundations of automatic theorem proving and types for programming languages." In 2016 he received the LICS Test of Time Award for the paper "A Linear Logical Framework", co-authored with Iliano Cervesato.
Personal life
Pfenning is a competitive squash player, ranked in the top five of the university's squash ladder.
Pfenning has also appeared in an experimental film alongside Sharon Needles.
References
External links
Dr. Pfenning's Homepage
Carnegie Mellon University alumni
Programming language researchers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Carnegie Mellon University faculty
Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
People from Rüsselsheim
20th-century German mathematicians
German computer scientists
Technische Universität Darmstadt alumni
21st-century German mathematicians |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHATSIT | WHATSIT? is a freeform database program that was available for the Apple II and the CP/M operating system. It was developed by Lyall Morill (Computer Headware) in 1977. The name is an backronym for Wow! How'd All That Stuff get In There?.
Morill improved WHATSIT? and Information Unlimited Software (IUS) introduced the program at the second West Coast Computer Faire in the spring of 1978.
References
Proprietary database management systems |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Wife%20Aquatic | "The Wife Aquatic" is the tenth episode of the eighteenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on January 7, 2007. 13.9 million viewers watched this episode, making it the highest rated of seasons 17–20.
Plot
In this episode, which parodies somewhat the film "The Perfect Storm", Marge pines for the excitement she had in her youth after watching Patty and Selma's old home movies of a trip to Barnacle Bay in New England during a town-wide outdoor movie night. Moved by his wife's depression, Homer organizes a surprise trip to the island. However, on the family's arrival, Marge's hopes to relive her youth are dashed as Barnacle Bay has been devastated by overfishing of the Yum Yum Fish, the island's main attraction. Homer refuses to let Marge down and fixes the boardwalk and celebrates with a large fireworks show. The plan backfires as he accidentally starts a fire and the boardwalk burns down. In order to repay the townsfolk, Homer joins a fishing crew and sets out to rediscover the Yum Yum Fish.
At sea, Homer mistakenly beer batters and deep fries the fishing hooks, attracting a large haul of Yum Yum Fish. However, their celebrations are short-lived as Homer and the crew become trapped in a storm. Searching for a means of escape, they discover Bart has stowed away and removed the lifeboat in order to hide in its cupboard. The ship sinks, and Marge and the rest of Barnacle Bay believe all hands to have been lost at sea. Homer, Bart, and the crew interrupt a memorial service in their honor, and Homer explains that they were rescued by the Japanese fishing boat Iruka Koroshi Maru (Dolphin Killer). The townsfolk plan to recommence fishing, but Lisa warns them about the dangers of overfishing and how it brought their town to financial ruin. Agreeing with her, the townsfolk decide to go into logging instead, and clear-cut the island's trees, which are scheduled to be sent to a paper mill to be made into issues of Hustler and Barely Legal magazine, much to Lisa's frustration.
Reception
This was the highest rated episode since season 16's Homer and Ned's Hail Mary Pass, which aired right after Super Bowl XXXIX. Barring that, the ratings were last this high in 2004, with "I, (Annoyed Grunt)-bot" which had 16 million viewers.
Notes
External links
The Simpsons (season 18) episodes
2007 American television episodes
Television episodes about the environment
Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link%20%28British%20interbank%20network%29 | LINK is a British interbank network. It is the largest interbank network in United Kingdom.
Network
The network counts 38 member institutions, of which many are various banks and building societies issuing LINK cash cards, and the remainder are independent cash machine operators who do not issue cards. The network connects over 70,000 cash machines – virtually every cash machine in the United Kingdom.
The LINK scheme is administered by LINK Scheme Ltd., based in Leeds, Yorkshire.
The LINK network infrastructure is operated by Vocalink, a company formed in 2007 by the merger of LINK Interchange Network Limited and Voca Limited. The LINK cash machine scheme is a separate entity which is run by the scheme members.
In addition to providing the core cash machine transaction switching and settlement service to LINK network members, VocaLink provides outsourced cash machine, card and mobile payment services and provides access to Post Office counters for basic banking transactions.
UK issued debit cards generally come with a LINK EMV application in addition to a point-of-sale EMV application that can be Visa Debit, Debit MasterCard, Maestro, Visa Electron or UnionPay applications.
As of 2016, there were about 54,000 free to use cash machines, of which 23,600 were provided by independent suppliers, and 16,000 cash machines that charge for withdrawals. Throughout 2016 and 2017 discussions were ongoing over a new charging system, as larger LINK members considered the interchange fee too high.
See also
ATM usage fees
Euro Alliance of Payment Schemes
References
External links
VocaLink Home page
LINK UK homepage
Interbank networks
Financial services companies of the United Kingdom
1985 establishments in the United Kingdom |
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