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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/After%20Dark%20%28software%29 | After Dark is a series of computer screensaver software introduced by Berkeley Systems in 1989 for the Apple Macintosh, and in 1991 for Microsoft Windows.
Following the original, additional editions included More After Dark, Before Dark, and editions themed around licensed properties such as Star Trek, The Simpsons, Looney Tunes, Marvel, and Disney characters.
On top of the included animated screensavers, the program allowed for the development and use of third-party modules, many hundreds of which were created at the height of its popularity.
Flying Toasters
The most famous of the included screensaver modules is the iconic Flying Toasters, which featured 1940s-style chrome toasters sporting bird-like wings, flying across the screen with pieces of toast. Engineer Jack Eastman came up with the display after seeing a toaster in the kitchen during a late-night programming session and imagining the addition of wings. A slider in the Flying Toasters module enabled users to adjust the toast's darkness and an updated Flying Toasters Pro module added a choice of music—Richard Wagner's Ride of the Valkyries or a flying toaster anthem with optional karaoke lyrics. Yet another version called Flying Toasters! added bagels and pastries, baby toasters, and more elaborate toaster animation. The Flying Toasters were one of the key reasons that After Dark became popular, and Berkeley began to produce other merchandising products such as T-shirts with the Flying Toaster image and slogans such as "The 51st Flying Toaster Squadron: On a mission to save your screen!"
The toasters were the subject of two lawsuits, the first in 1993, Berkeley Systems vs Delrina Corporation, over a module of Delrina's Opus 'N Bill screensaver in which Opus the penguin shoots down the toasters. After a U.S. District judge ruled that Delrina's "Death Toasters" was infringing, Delrina later changed the wings of the toasters to propellers. The second case was brought in 1994 by 1960s rock group Jefferson Airplane who claimed that the toasters were a copy of the winged toasters featured on the cover of their 1973 album Thirty Seconds Over Winterland. The case was dismissed because the cover art had not been registered as a trademark by the group prior to Berkeley Systems' release of the screensaver.
A 3D version of the toasters featuring swarms of toasters with airplane wings, rather than bird wings, is available for XScreenSaver.
History
In 1997, Berkeley Systems was acquired by the Sierra On-Line division of CUC International. Joan Blades and Wes Boyd, the founders of Berkeley Systems, went on to create MoveOn.org. Ed Fries, co-developer of the popular Fish! screensaver, became vice president of game publishing at Microsoft.
The Bad Dog (TV series) based on the "Bad Dog" screensaver was produced by CinéGroupe and Saban Entertainment for the Teletoon and Fox Family Channel networks that first aired on Teletoon on March 1, 1999.
An official version of After Dark was released for Ma |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley%20RISC | Berkeley RISC is one of two seminal research projects into reduced instruction set computer (RISC) based microprocessor design taking place under the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency VLSI Project. RISC was led by David Patterson (who coined the term RISC) at the University of California, Berkeley between 1980 and 1984. The other project took place a short distance away at Stanford University under their MIPS effort starting in 1981 and running until 1984.
Berkeley's project was so successful that it became the name for all similar designs to follow; even the MIPS would become known as a "RISC processor". The Berkeley RISC design was later commercialized by Sun Microsystems as the SPARC architecture, and inspired the ARM architecture.
The RISC concept
Both RISC and MIPS were developed from the realization that the vast majority of programs did not use the vast majority of a processor's instructions. In a famous 1978 paper, Andrew S. Tanenbaum demonstrated that a complex 10,000 line high-level program could be represented using a simplified instruction set architecture using an 8-bit fixed-length opcode. This was roughly the same conclusion reached at IBM, whose studies of their own code running on mainframes like the IBM 360 used only a small subset of all the instructions available. Both of these studies suggested that one could produce a much simpler CPU that would still run the vast majority of real-world code. Another finding, not fully explored at the time, was Tanenbaum's note that 81% of the constants were either 0, 1, or 2.
These realizations were taking place as the microprocessor market was moving from 8 to 16-bit with 32-bit designs about to appear. These processors were designed on the premise of trying to replicate some of the more well-respected ISAs from the mainframe and minicomputer world. For instance, the National Semiconductor NS32000 started out as an effort to produce a single-chip implementation of the VAX-11, which had a rich instruction set with a wide variety of addressing modes. The Motorola 68000 was similar in general layout. To provide this rich set of instructions, CPUs used microcode to decode the user-visible instruction into a series of internal operations. This microcode represented perhaps to of the transistors of the overall design.
If, as these other papers suggested, the majority of these opcodes would never be used in practice, then this significant resource was being wasted. If one were to simply build the same processor with the unused instructions removed it would be smaller and thus less expensive, while if one instead used those transistors to improve performance instead of decoding instructions that would not be used, a faster processor was possible. The RISC concept was to take advantage of both of these, producing a CPU that was the same level of complexity as the 68000, but much faster.
To do this, RISC concentrated on adding many more registers, small bits of memory holding tempora |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9Live | 9Live was a commercial German participation TV channel launched on 1 September 2001 and lasted until 9 August 2011. It originated from a channel called tm3. Most of its programming is lottery and quiz games, in which the viewer can participate over the phone. There were also talent formats like FLASH. Host Ricky Harris led through the show.
International versions
A British version of 9Live was broadcast in 2004 on entertainment channel E4 from 10am to 2pm.
References
External links
Official Site
Livestream (In Germany, the time is UTC+1)
Abzocke mit undurchsichtigen Spielregeln? Critical clip as part of the ARD TV magazine plusminus
article of "Report Mainz" about the planned show for the unemployed
Defunct television channels in Germany
ProSiebenSat.1 Media
Phone-in quiz shows
Television channels and stations established in 2001
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2011
2001 establishments in Germany
2011 disestablishments in Germany |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackboard%20system | A blackboard system is an artificial intelligence approach based on the blackboard architectural model, where a common knowledge base, the "blackboard", is iteratively updated by a diverse group of specialist knowledge sources, starting with a problem specification and ending with a solution. Each knowledge source updates the blackboard with a partial solution when its internal constraints match the blackboard state. In this way, the specialists work together to solve the problem. The blackboard model was originally designed as a way to handle complex, ill-defined problems, where the solution is the sum of its parts.
Metaphor
The following scenario provides a simple metaphor that gives some insight into how a blackboard functions:
A group of specialists are seated in a room with a large blackboard. They work as a team to brainstorm a solution to a problem, using the blackboard as the workplace for cooperatively developing the solution.
The session begins when the problem specifications are written onto the blackboard. The specialists all watch the blackboard, looking for an opportunity to apply their expertise to the developing solution. When someone writes something on the blackboard that allows another specialist to apply their expertise, the second specialist records their contribution on the blackboard, hopefully enabling other specialists to then apply their expertise. This process of adding contributions to the blackboard continues until the problem has been solved.
Components
A blackboard-system application consists of three major components
The software specialist modules, which are called knowledge sources (KSs). Like the human experts at a blackboard, each knowledge source provides specific expertise needed by the application.
The blackboard, a shared repository of problems, partial solutions, suggestions, and contributed information. The blackboard can be thought of as a dynamic "library" of contributions to the current problem that have been recently "published" by other knowledge sources.
The control shell, which controls the flow of problem-solving activity in the system. Just as the eager human specialists need a moderator to prevent them from trampling each other in a mad dash to grab the chalk, KSs need a mechanism to organize their use in the most effective and coherent fashion. In a blackboard system, this is provided by the control shell.
Learnable Task Modeling Language
A blackboard system is the central space in a multi-agent system. It's used for describing the world as a communication platform for agents. To realize a blackboard in a computer program, a machine readable notation is needed in which facts can be stored. One attempt in doing so is a SQL database, another option is the Learnable Task Modeling Language (LTML). The syntax of the LTML planning language is similar to PDDL, but adds extra features like control structures and OWL-S models. LTML was developed in 2007 as part of a much larger project c |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KTRK-TV | KTRK-TV (channel 13) is a television station in Houston, Texas, United States, serving as the market's ABC outlet. Owned and operated by the network's ABC Owned Television Stations division, the station maintains studios on Bissonnet Street in Houston's Upper Kirby district. Its transmitter is located near Missouri City, in unincorporated northeastern Fort Bend County.
History
Early years
After the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) lifted its freeze on new television station applications, multiple groups expressed interest in channel 13, which became the last VHF assignment to be adjudicated in Houston. By June 1953, six different firms had filed, including the Houston Television Company, featuring a number of prominent local businessmen; the Houston Chronicle via the KTRH Broadcasting Company (which had filed in 1948); South Texas Television Company; Houston Area Television Company; W. W. Lechner; and the TV Broadcasting Co. of Houston, owned by Roy Hofheinz. Lechner dropped out, as did South Texas Television, and the four remaining bidders combined their applications in January 1954 into Houston Consolidated Television, in which KTRH and Houston Area Television each owned 32 percent, Houston Television Company owned 20 percent, and Hofheinz owned 16 percent. Houston Consolidated was then granted the construction permit. The combined company, with its 34 stockholders, was hailed by Houston Chronicle president John T. Jones, Jr. as "the greatest civic achievement in Houston in many years".
Construction on the transmitter in Fort Bend County, southwest of Almeda, began in July. For studios, the new KTRK-TV leased the former studios of KNUZ-TV (channel 39), a DuMont affiliate which had gone dark that June, and the call letters KTRK-TV were selected after the FCC denied use of KTRH-TV because the radio station did not have controlling interest in Houston Consolidated Television.
KTRK-TV began broadcasting November 20, 1954. It was the first full ABC affiliate for Houston. In its early years, it sought to block the move of a third station into Houston proper by opposing efforts by KGUL-TV (channel 11) to move in from Galveston, which were approved by the FCC in 1956. The present Bissonnet Street studios were inaugurated in December 1961; designed by Hermon Lloyd (later architect of the Astrodome), the facility features a dome that enclosed two studios, which was boasted to be the first such round studio building in the United States.
Early local programs included the children's show Kitirik, which featured the station's mascot, a black cat named after the call letters. This was a deliberate play on the station being located on "unlucky" channel 13. The show remained on the air until 1970.
Capital Cities ownership
In late 1966, Houston Consolidated Television announced it was selling KTRK-TV to the Capital Cities Broadcasting Company. The nearly $21.3 million purchase fell just behind the acquisition of WIIC-TV in Pittsburgh, making it the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masaryk%20University | Masaryk University (MU) (; ) is the second largest university in the Czech Republic, a member of the Compostela Group and the Utrecht Network. Founded in 1919 in Brno as the second Czech university (after Charles University established in 1348 and Palacký University existent in 1573–1860), it now consists of ten faculties and 35,115 students. It is named after Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, the first president of an independent Czechoslovakia as well as the leader of the movement for a second Czech university.
In 1960 the university was renamed Jan Evangelista Purkyně University after Jan Evangelista Purkyně, a Czech biologist. In 1990, following the Velvet Revolution it regained its original name. Since 1922, over 171,000 students have graduated from the university.
History
Masaryk University was founded on 28 January 1919 with four faculties: Law, Medicine, Science, and Arts. Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, professor of Charles University and later the first president of Czechoslovakia, contributed greatly to the establishment of Masaryk University. (Masaryk in his scientific and political activities paid attention to the development of Czechoslovak universities and since the 1880s he emphasized the need for broad competition in scientific work. In this context, he pointed out that the only Czech university at that time needed a competitive institution for its development.) The founding of the second Czech university was possible only after the fall of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy because of the resistance of the German-controlled city council, which feared giving power to the Czech residents of Brno. Brno was at that time a bilingual city. A notable demonstration in favour of establishing a university in Brno happened in 1905.
From the beginning, the university suffered from a lack of money for development. The fragile state of public finances in 1923–1925 and 1933–1934 led to proposals to abolish both the Faculty of Arts and the Faculty of Science. Both faculties eventually survived until 17 November 1939 when the whole university was closed following the German occupation of Czechoslovakia. A number of professors of Masaryk University were executed or tortured; for example, the Faculty of Science lost one quarter of its teaching staff. Many of the executions took place in the Mauthausen concentration camp in 1942.
The renewal of university life after the end of World War II was interrupted by the Communist takeover. The percentage of students expelled in various faculties ranged from 5 percent at the Faculty of Education to 46 percent at the Faculty of Law, which was completely closed in 1950. In 1953, the Faculty of Education (founded in 1946) was separated from the university. In August 1960, a government decree abolished the Pharmaceutical Faculty and the university was renamed Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Brno.
Relaxation occurred in 1964 with the reintegration of the Faculty of Education into the university and with the reestablishment |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job%20Entry%20Subsystem%202/3 | The Job Entry Subsystem (JES) is a component of IBM's MVS mainframe operating systems that is responsible for managing batch workloads. In modern times, there are two distinct implementations of the Job Entry System called JES2 and JES3. They are designed to provide efficient execution of batch jobs.
Job processing is divided into several phases to provide parallelism through pipelining. These phases include input processing where jobs are read and interpreted, the execution phase where jobs run, and output processing where job output is printed or stored on DASD. Jobs that are in the same phase of execution are usually said to reside on a particular queue; for example, jobs that are currently executing are on the execution queue.
To improve I/O efficiency, JES performs spooling, which provides multiple jobs with simultaneous access to a common storage volume. JES uses a structure called a checkpoint to backup information about currently executing jobs and their associated output. The checkpoint can be used to restore jobs and output in the event of unexpected hardware or software failures.
Although JES2 and JES3 provide the same core functionality, there are certain features that may be present in one JES but not the other. Because of these differences, one JES may be favored over the other in certain customer installations. JCL is used to define jobs to both JES2 and JES3, but small changes usually need to be made to the JCL to get a job written for one JES to run on the other.
A common issue was that JES3 checked that all datasets listed in the JCL existed before execution or that there was a prior step where the dataset was defined as NEW,CATLG. JES2 did not insist on this, allowing the job to run even though it would fail when the step using it failed to find it.
History
Precursors
OS/360's batch job processing had limited operational flexibility and performance, which was addressed by two field-developed packages called the Houston Automatic Spooling Priority (HASP) and the Attached Support Processor (ASP).
HASP
HASP was developed by IBM Federal Systems Division contractors at the Johnson Space Center in Houston. It originally managed job scheduling and print and punch output for a single OS/360 computer. Multi Access Spool capability was added to let peer computers share a common job queue and print/punch output queues.
With the introduction of System/370 in 1972, IBM rewrote HASP to become a standard part of the system and renamed it Job Entry Subsystem 2. JES2 was introduced in OS/VS2 in Release 2, also known as MVS, in 1973. It was many years before the HASP labels were removed from the source code, and the messages issued by JES2 are still prefixed with $HASP. Several JES2 commands continue to support specification of either JES2 or HASP to maintain backwards compatibility.
ASP
ASP initially stood for Attached Support Processor, and was developed to provide efficient use of multiple systems with a shared workload. I |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Not%20Only%20But%20Always | Not Only But Always is a British TV movie, originally screened on the Channel 4 network in the UK on 30 December 2004.
Description
Written and directed by playwright Terry Johnson, the film tells the story of the working and personal relationship between the comedians Peter Cook and Dudley Moore, a hugely popular duo in the UK during the 1960s and 1970s.
Focusing primarily on Cook, the film traces the pair from their first meeting through their career as part of the Beyond the Fringe review, their television series Not Only... But Also (from which the film takes its title) and various other projects before their later estrangement as Moore became a successful Hollywood film star and Cook remained in the UK. Although some events are fictionalised and condensed, and the film was criticised in some quarters for an unsympathetic portrayal of many of Cook's faults, it was generally well-received critically.
Cast
Rhys Ifans as Peter Cook
Aidan McArdle as Dudley Moore
Jodie Rimmer as Wendy Snowden
Camilla Power as Judy Huxtable
Daphne Cheung as Lin Chong
Jonathan Aris as Jonathan Miller
Alan Cox as Alan Bennett
Josephine Davison as Eleanor Bron
Awards
At the 2005 British Academy Television Awards, Not Only But Always was nominated for Best Single Drama, with Rhys Ifans winning the Best Actor for his portrayal of Peter Cook.
See also
Pete and Dud: Come Again
External links
Channel 4 original programming
2004 biographical drama films
2004 television films
2004 films
British biographical drama films
Dudley Moore
Peter Cook
2000s British films
British drama television films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryan%20Clough | Bryan Clough (born 1932, Oldham, Lancashire) is an English writer.
Clough has written several books and articles dealing with phreakers, hackers and computer virus writers; credit card fraud; banking; and the activities of MI5 during World War II, specifically the Tyler Kent–Anna Wolkoff Affair (2005).
Works
In 1990, Clough and Paul Mungo, a journalist, wrote Approaching Zero (1992) a book that covered the activities of phreakers, hackers and computer virus writers. It was later published in North America and translations appeared in French, Spanish, Turkish and Japanese.
Three incidents of credit card fraud described in the book resulted in much interest in the press. Further investigations resulted in articles on computer viruses, and investigations into 'phantom withdrawals' from ATMs and credit card fraud.
These investigations culminated in the publication of Cheating at Cards (1994) which revealed 40 ways of fraudulently obtaining money from ATMs; and Beware of Your Bank (1995) in which he examined mistakes made by banks and explained how to detect errors, and how to obtain compensation.
Sparked by a close interest in cryptology, he then turned to the strange case of Tyler Kent, an American national employed as a code and cipher clerk at the American Embassy in London, at a time when Great Britain was at war with Germany and America claimed to be strictly neutral. In May 1940, Kent was arrested, tried in camera and sentenced to seven years' penal servitude.
Clough's book State Secrets: The Kent–Wolkoff Affair (2005) took advantage of privileged access to Government files and also the release of others under the Freedom of Information Act. Sixty-five years after the event, Clough finally revealed the 'real reason' for Kent's arrest and imprisonment – which was very different from the earlier versions in officially inspired publications. Clough appeared in the documentary Churchill and the Fascist Plot broadcast on Channel Four on 16 March 2013.
Personal life
Clough was educated at the Hulme Grammar School, Oldham and served his national service with the 10th Royal Hussars in Germany. He then worked in a variety of industries, mainly in engineering, before becoming chief executive for a major international company which allowed him to travel widely.
He set up his own computer supply and maintenance company in 1983 which he sold out in 1990 in order to concentrate on research and writing.
Clough married his wife in 1971 and they had two daughters. He now lives in Hove, Sussex.
Bibliography
Clough, Bryan. Mungo, Paul. Approaching Zero: Data Crime & the Computer Underworld Faber & Faber, London 1992.
Clough, Bryan. Mungo, Paul. Approaching Zero: The Extraordinary World of Hackers, Phreakers, Virus Writers and Keyboard Criminals Random House, New York 1992.
Clough, Bryan. Mungo, Paul. Los Piratas del Chip: La Mafia Informatica al Desnudo Ediciones B, Barcelona 1992.
Clough, Bryan. Mungo, Paul. Delinquance Assistée par Ordinat |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moshe%20Bar%20%28investor%29 | Moshe Bar (; born in Jerusalem in June 1971) is an Israeli author, investor and entrepreneur.
Biography
He is currently CEO of Codenotary Inc., a provider of solutions to record business data immutably, using and initiator of the open source project immudb.io. He was previously a general partner of Texas Atlantic Capital LP, a venture capital company. Prior to that, he was a co-founder of Qumranet. Qumranet was sold to Red Hat in 2008 for US$107 million.
He previously founded the company behind the Xen software, XenSource, which was sold to Citrix for US$500 million in 2007. Before that he founded Qlusters Inc, and was the founder, main developer and project manager of openMosix. Furthermore, he frequently acts as an angel investor in high-tech start-up companies such as Hyper9, Neebula, Delivery Hero SE, and Qlayer, which was sold to Sun Microsystems in January 2009.
The author of several books on Linux, file systems and open source development, he was also a senior editor at Byte Magazine for over eight years. He also taught at Tel Aviv University.
Before entering the high-tech business, he was a career officer in the Israel Defense Forces.
References
1971 births
Israeli chief executives
Israeli company founders
Israeli computer programmers
Linux kernel programmers
Israeli Jews
Free software programmers
Jewish Israeli writers
Living people
Businesspeople from Jerusalem
Academic staff of Tel Aviv University
Technology company founders |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S3%20Texture%20Compression | S3 Texture Compression (S3TC) (sometimes also called DXTn, DXTC, or BCn) is a group of related lossy texture compression algorithms originally developed by Iourcha et al. of S3 Graphics, Ltd. for use in their Savage 3D computer graphics accelerator. The method of compression is strikingly similar to the previously published Color Cell Compression, which is in turn an adaptation of Block Truncation Coding published in the late 1970s. Unlike some image compression algorithms (e.g. JPEG), S3TC's fixed-rate data compression coupled with the single memory access (cf. Color Cell Compression and some VQ-based schemes) made it well-suited for use in compressing textures in hardware-accelerated 3D computer graphics. Its subsequent inclusion in Microsoft's DirectX 6.0 and OpenGL 1.3 (via the GL_EXT_texture_compression_s3tc extension) led to widespread adoption of the technology among hardware and software makers. While S3 Graphics is no longer a competitor in the graphics accelerator market, license fees have been levied and collected for the use of S3TC technology until October 2017, for example in game consoles and graphics cards. The wide use of S3TC has led to a de facto requirement for OpenGL drivers to support it, but the patent-encumbered status of S3TC presented a major obstacle to open source implementations, while implementation approaches which tried to avoid the patented parts existed.
Patent
Some (e.g. US 5956431 A) of the multiple USPTO patents on S3 Texture Compression expired on October 2, 2017. At least one continuation patent, US6,775,417, however had a 165-day extension. This continuation patent expired on March 16, 2018.
Codecs
There are five variations of the S3TC algorithm (named DXT1 through DXT5, referring to the FourCC code assigned by Microsoft to each format), each designed for specific types of image data. All convert a 4×4 block of pixels to a 64-bit or 128-bit quantity, resulting in compression ratios of 6:1 with 24-bit RGB input data or 4:1 with 32-bit RGBA input data. S3TC is a lossy compression algorithm, resulting in image quality degradation, an effect which is minimized by the ability to increase texture resolutions while maintaining the same memory requirements. Hand-drawn cartoon-like images do not compress well, nor do normal map data, both of which usually generate artifacts. ATI's 3Dc compression algorithm is a modification of DXT5 designed to overcome S3TC's shortcomings with regard to normal maps. id Software worked around the normalmap compression issues in Doom 3 by moving the red component into the alpha channel before compression and moving it back during rendering in the pixel shader.
Like many modern image compression algorithms, S3TC only specifies the method used to decompress images, allowing implementers to design the compression algorithm to suit their specific needs, although the patent still covers compression algorithms. The nVidia GeForce 256 through to GeForce 4 cards also used 16-bit interpo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex%20event%20processing | Event processing is a method of tracking and analyzing (processing) streams of information (data) about things that happen (events), and deriving a conclusion from them. Complex event processing (CEP) consists of a set of concepts and techniques developed in the early 1990s for processing real-time events and extracting information from event streams as they arrive. The goal of complex event processing is to identify meaningful events (such as opportunities or threats) in real-time situations and respond to them as quickly as possible.
These events may be happening across the various layers of an organization as sales leads, orders or customer service calls. Or, they may be news items, text messages, social media posts, stock market feeds, traffic reports, weather reports, or other kinds of data. An event may also be defined as a "change of state," when a measurement exceeds a predefined threshold of time, temperature, or other value.
Analysts have suggested that CEP will give organizations a new way to analyze patterns in real-time and help the business side communicate better with IT and service departments. CEP has since become an enabling technology in many systems that are used to take immediate action in response to incoming streams of events. Applications are now to be found (2018) in many sectors of business including stock market trading systems, mobile devices, internet operations, fraud detection, the transportation industry, and governmental intelligence gathering.
The vast amount of information available about events is sometimes referred to as the event cloud.
Conceptual description
Among thousands of incoming events, a monitoring system may for instance receive the following three from the same source:
church bells ringing.
the appearance of a man in a tuxedo with a woman in a flowing white gown.
rice flying through the air.
From these events the monitoring system may infer a complex event: a wedding. CEP as a technique helps discover complex events by analyzing and correlating other events: the bells, the man and woman in wedding attire and the rice flying through the air.
CEP relies on a number of techniques, including:
Event-pattern detection
Event abstraction
Event filtering
Event aggregation and transformation
Modeling event hierarchies
Detecting relationships (such as causality, membership or timing) between events
Abstracting event-driven processes
Commercial applications of CEP exist in variety of industries and include the detection of credit-card fraud, business activity monitoring, and security monitoring.
History
The CEP area has roots in discrete event simulation, the active database area and some programming languages. The activity in the industry was preceded by a wave of research projects in the 1990s. According to the first project that paved the way to a generic CEP language and execution model was the Rapide project in Stanford University, directed by David Luckham. In parallel there have b |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KFXK-TV | KFXK-TV (channel 51) is a television station licensed to Longview, Texas, United States, serving East Texas as an affiliate of the Fox network. It is owned by White Knight Broadcasting, which maintains a shared services agreement (SSA) with Nexstar Media Group owner of Jacksonville-licensed NBC affiliate KETK-TV (channel 56) and Tyler-licensed low-power MyNetworkTV affiliate KTPN-LD (channel 48), for the provision of certain services. The stations share studios on Richmond Road (near Texas Loop 323) in Tyler, while KFXK-TV's transmitter is located near FM 125 in rural northwestern Rusk County (northwest of New London).
Although KFXK-TV operates a full-power signal, the broadcasting radius does not reach much of the southern part of the market. Therefore, it is relayed on low-power translator station KFXL-LD (UHF channel 29, also mapped to virtual channel 51) in Lufkin. This station's transmitter is located on SH 103 near Loop 287 northwest of Lufkin.
History
The station first signed on the air on September 9, 1984 as KLMG-TV; the station originally operated as a CBS affiliate, making it the first full-time affiliate of the network in the Tyler–Longview market since the short-lived KAEC-TV (channel 19) operated in Nacogdoches in the late 1960s. Until channel 51 signed on, CBS programming was relegated to joint primary status on KLTV (channel 7), which also juggled programming with NBC and ABC (the latter of which is now that station's sole affiliation) for many years.
KLMG-TV made national news as its founding owner, Clara McLaughlin, was the first African American woman ever to own a television station in the United States. McLaughlin bought a vacant school building located near Interstate 20 in Longview and had it renovated into a studio facility for the station. KLMG was intended to be part of a network of stations serving East Texas that would be known as the "East Texas Television Network." To this end, McLaughlin also held construction permits for KLNL on channel 19 in Nacogdoches, KLPH-TV on channel 42 in Paris, and KLDS on channel 20 in Denison. However, this plan did not come to fruition and none of the other stations ever signed on the air. KLMG wound up filing for bankruptcy just a few years later, and shut down its news department.
In April 1991, the station changed its call letters to KFXK; it also became the market's Fox affiliate; prior to the switch, viewers in the Tyler–Longview market were only able to receive Fox programming via either the network's then-Dallas owned-and-operated station KDAF (now a CW affiliate) or Shreveport affiliate KMSS-TV; those living in Houston County carried Waco affiliate KWKT-TV instead. Conversely, the switch left the market without a CBS affiliate for the next thirteen years; Max Media would later purchase KLSB (channel 19), a satellite of NBC affiliate KETK-TV (channel 56), and converted it into CBS affiliate KYTX in 2004. In the interim, CBS programming was provided on cable via Shreveport aff |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KCEB | KCEB (channel 54) is a television station in Longview, Texas, United States, affiliated with Novelisima, a network airing Spanish-language soap operas (or telenovelas). The station is owned by Innovate Corp. alongside Tyler-licensed low-power station KPKN-LD, both of which share RF channel 35.
Although KCEB is licensed as a full-power station, it shares spectrum with KPKN-LD, whose low-power signal only covers the immediate Tyler–Longview area. Therefore, KCEB relies on cable and satellite carriage to reach the entire market.
History
The station first signed on the air on July 27, 2003; operating as a UPN affiliate, it originally served as the full-power satellite of low-power stations KTPN-LP (channel 48) in Tyler and KLPN-LP (channel 58, later 47; now defunct) in Longview. The stations were collectively branded as "UPN 58/54/48". The station's original analog transmitter facilities were located northwest of Longview, at the intersection of State Highway 300 and FM1844, near the town of East Mountain.
On January 1, 2006, KCEB, KLPN-LP and KTPN-LP lost the UPN affiliation to CBS affiliate KYTX (channel 19), which carried the network on its second digital subchannel. The station immediately switched its affiliation to The WB, effectively replacing "KWTL", a cable-only WB outlet that was part of The WB 100+ Station Group, a service that was created in September 1998 to expand The WB's national coverage primarily through cable-only outlets in smaller markets, which were managed locally by cable providers (since it was cable-exclusive, the channel used the "KWTL" callsign in a fictional manner). During the transition, KTPN and KLPN became independent stations.
Shortly after receiving the affiliation, on January 24, 2006, the Warner Bros. unit of Time Warner and CBS Corporation announced that the two companies would shut down The WB and UPN and combine the networks' respective programming to create a new "fifth" network called The CW, which would be aimed at young adults between the ages of 18 and 34.
One month later on February 22, the News Corporation announced the launch of a new network of its own called MyNetworkTV, which would be operated by Fox Television Stations and its syndication division Twentieth Television, which was created to give UPN and WB stations that did not strike affiliation agreements with The CW another option besides converting to independent stations. KCEB affiliated with The CW upon the network's launch on September 18, 2006 (affiliated with the network through The WB 100+ Station Group's successor The CW Plus), while KLPN and KTPN chose to join MyNetworkTV, which launched two weeks earlier on September 5.
In 2008, KCEB changed its on-air branding from "CW 54" to "CW 54/5", adding the station's cable channel assignment on Suddenlink Communications in the Tyler area. On November 6, 2009, the station was sold to the London Broadcasting Company, owner of KYTX. London initially operated the station under a sales and manag |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YDN | YDN may refer to:
Yale Daily News, published by Yale University students in New Haven, Connecticut
Dauphin (Lt. Col W.G. (Billy) Barker VC Airport), the IATA airport code
Yahoo! Developer Network
Ysgol Dyffryn Nantlle, a secondary school in North Wales. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicus%20Mundi%20International | Medicus Mundi International (MMI) is a Network of public interest organisations working in the field of international health cooperation and advocacy. The Network members fight global poverty by promoting access to health and health care as a fundamental human right (“Health for All”). The Network aims at enhancing the quality and effectiveness of the work of its members and their partners through sharing know-how and joining forces. Key fields of joint activity include global health policy and governance (MMI is an organization in official relations with the World Health Organization) and the improvement of legitimacy, relevance and effectiveness of international health cooperation.
Network Members
The MMI Network has the following member organisations:
Africa Christian Health Associations Platform, ACHAP, Kenya
action medeor, Germany
AMCES, Benin
Community Working Group on Health, Zimbabwe
Cordaid, The Netherlands
Doctors with Africa CUAMM, Italy
Ecumenical Pharmaceutical Network EPN, Kenya
Emergenza Sorrisi, Italy
Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública EASP, Spain
Health Poverty Action, United Kingdom
Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Belgium
i+solutions, The Netherlands
Medico international, Germany
Medics without Vacation, Belgium
Medicus Mundi Italy
Medicus Mundi Switzerland, Network Health for All
Medicus Mundi Spain
Memisa, Belgium
plan:g – partnership for global health, Austria
Redemptoris Missio, Medicus Mundi Poland
Wemos Foundation, The Netherlands
MMI ePlatform
Medicus Mundi International Network
References
Medical and health organisations based in Switzerland
International medical and health organizations
Basel |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keihan%20Electric%20Railway | The , known colloquially as the , , or simply , is a major Japanese private railway operator in Osaka, Kyoto, and Shiga Prefectures. The transit network includes seven lines; four main lines with heavy rolling stock, two interurban lines, and a funicular railway.
It is a subsidiary of Keihan Holdings, Ltd. ().
History
Keihan started its operation between Osaka and Kyoto in 1910. It was the first electric railway to connect these two cities, and the first line on the left bank of Yodo River. Keihan later purchased the lines in the Ōtsu area (Ōtsu Lines).
In the 1920s, Keihan built another Osaka-Kyoto line through its subsidiary , which merged into Keihan in 1930. This line is now known as the Hankyu Kyoto Line.
In 1943, with the power given by the (Act No. 71 of 1938), the wartime government of Japan forced Keihan to merge with Hanshin Kyūkō Railway to form . In 1949, the pre-war Keihan operations, except for Shinkeihan lines, restored independence under the original corporate name. Keihanshin Kyūkō Railway later changed the name to present Hankyu Railway.
Lines
The lines operated by Keihan are grouped into Keihan Lines and Ōtsu Lines. The former operates between Kyoto and Osaka with long formation of larger rolling stock. The latter runs Kyoto and Ōtsu with more tram-like cars. The entire network has double track.
Current lines
Keihan Lines
Keihan Main Line/Ōtō Line: Yodoyabashi - Demachiyanagi
Nakanoshima Line: Nakanoshima - Temmabashi
Katano Line: Hirakatashi - Kisaichi
Uji Line: Chushojima - Uji
Ōtsu Lines
Keishin Line: Misasagi - Biwako-hamaotsu
Ishiyama Sakamoto Line: Ishiyamadera - Sakamoto-hieizanguchi
Other lines
Cable Line (鋼索線), also called Iwashimizu-Hachimangū Cable (石清水八幡宮参道ケーブル)
Closed lines
Keishin Line: Keishin-Sanjo (Sanjo) - Misasagi
Unbuilt line
Umeda Line
Rolling stock
, Keihan owns a fleet of 693 vehicles (including two funicular cars), as follows.
Keihan Lines
1000 series 7-car EMUs x 6 (introduced 1977)
2200 series 7-car EMUs x 7 (introduced 1964)
2400 series 7-car EMUs x 6 (introduced 1969)
2600 series 7-car EMUs x 7 (introduced 1978)
3000 series 8-car EMUs x 6 (introduced 2008)
5000 series 7-car EMUs x 7 (introduced 1970)
6000 series 7/8-car EMUs x 14 (introduced 1983)
7000 series 7-car EMUs x 4 (introduced 1989)
7200 series 7/8-car EMUs x 3 (introduced 1995)
8000 series 8-car EMUs x 10 (introduced 1989)
9000 series 7/8-car EMUs x 5 (introduced 1997)
10000 series 4/7-car EMUs x 6 (introduced 2002)
13000 series 4/7-car EMUs x 8 (introduced 2012)
Ōtsu Lines
600 series 2-car EMUs x 10
700 series 2-car EMUs x 5
800 series 4-car EMUs x 8 (introduced 1997)
Former rolling stock
1900 series 5-car EMUs (introduced 1963)
8030 series 8-car EMU (introduced 1971)
Fares
Train fare varies based on travel distance. As of January 1, 2009, IC cards (PiTaPa and ICOCA) are accepted on the Keihan Lines and the Otsu Lines, but not on the Cable Line.
The fare rate was changed on April 1, 2014 to reflect t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wo%C5%82czyn | Wołczyn () is a town in Kluczbork County, Opole Voivodeship, southern Poland, with 5,907 inhabitants . According to 2011 data, it covers , and is the seat of Gmina Wołczyn. It is located within the historic region of Lower Silesia.
History
The name of the town is derived from the Polish word wół, which means "ox". In the early 14th-century Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis the town appeared under the Latinized name Welczyn. The town was probably founded on the site of a former Slavic settlement. It was granted town rights in 1261. It was part of various duchies of fragmented Poland. Until 1294 it was part of the Duchy of Wrocław/Breslau, afterwards the Duchy of Głogów/Glogau until 1312, Duchy of Namysłów/Namslau until 1320, Duchy of Oleśnica/Oels until 1343, Duchy of Brzeg/Brieg until 1436 and afterwards the Duchy of Oleśnica again. It remained under the rule of the Piast dynasty until 1495, and afterwards, for about 300 years, the town was owned by the magnate Posadowski family, under the suzerainty of the Bohemian Kingdom, a part of the Holy Roman Empire, until 1526, when the Habsburgs inherited the Bohemian Crown.
The town was located on a trade route connecting Kraków and Wrocław. The population made a living from agriculture, crafts and trade. Five annual fairs were held in Wołczyn, and crops and handicrafts were sold to customers not only from Silesia, but also from neighboring Greater Poland. In the 15th century the Czech Hussites and in the 17th century Polish Brethren settled in Wołczyn. In the 16th century, a municipal school known for its high level of education was established there, and in the 18th and early 19th centuries there was a well-known proseminar for Polish Lutherans, later moved to Kluczbork.
In 1742 the town was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia. On 1 October 1868, the town was connected to a railway line. By 1907 Wołczyn had a water supply network. In the final stages of World War II, from 19 to 21 January 1945, fights were fought for the town between Nazi Germany and the Soviets. As a result, 40% of the town's buildings were in ruins. At the end of the war, the German population of the town was expelled leaving the region denuded, the region was then inhabited by a massive influx of Polish settlers and was annexed to Poland.
Since 1994, the city has hosted an annual "Spotkania Młodych" (Meeting of Youth). It is organized by the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin.
Twin towns – sister cities
See twin towns of Gmina Wołczyn.
References
External links
http://www.wolczyn.pl/
Jewish Community in Wołczyn on Virtual Shtetl
Cities and towns in Opole Voivodeship
Kluczbork County
Cities in Silesia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space%E2%80%93time%20code | A space–time code (STC) is a method employed to improve the reliability of data transmission in wireless communication systems using multiple transmit antennas. STCs rely on transmitting multiple, redundant copies of a data stream to the receiver in the hope that at least some of them may survive the physical path between transmission and reception in a good enough state to allow reliable decoding.
Space time codes may be split into two main types:
Space–time trellis codes (STTCs) distribute a trellis code over multiple antennas and multiple time-slots and provide both coding gain and diversity gain.
Space–time block codes (STBCs) act on a block of data at once (similarly to block codes) and also provide diversity gain but doesn't provide coding gain.
Space–time line codes (STLCs) and STBCs are symmetric with respect to the transmit-and-receive processes, like a maximum-ratio combining (MRC) and maximum-ratio transmission (MRT). The STLC scheme provides full diversity gain even when there is no full channel state information (CSI) at the receiver.
STC may be further subdivided according to whether the receiver knows the channel impairments. In coherent STC, the receiver knows the channel impairments through training or some other form of estimation. These codes have been studied more widely, and division algebras over number fields have now become the standard tool for constructing such codes.
In noncoherent STC the receiver does not know the channel impairments but knows the statistics of the channel. In differential space–time codes neither the channel nor the statistics of the channel are available.
See also
Diversity scheme – the concept from which STC arose.
MIMO – the term for wireless communication systems employing multiple antennas at both a transmitter and a receiver.
References
General references
Louay M.A. Jalloul and Sam. P. Alex, "Evaluation Methodology and Performance of an IEEE 802.16e System", Presented to the IEEE Communications and Signal Processing Society, Orange County Joint Chapter (ComSig), December 7, 2006. Available at: http://chapters.comsoc.org/comsig/meet.html
Sam P. Alex and Louay M.A. Jalloul, "Performance Evaluation of MIMO in IEEE802.16e/WiMAX", IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, VOL. 2, NO. 2, April, 2008.
Wireless
Radio resource management |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EuroGIX | EuroGIX is a network service provider located in Alsace, France that acts as a backbone between Internet exchange points (IXPs). They use the term GIX to refer to their role in connecting IXPs.
See also
List of Internet exchange points
External links
EuroGIX web site
Internet exchange points in France
Internet in France |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto%20General%20Hospital | The Toronto General Hospital (TGH) is a major teaching hospital in Toronto, Ontario, Canada and the flagship campus of University Health Network (UHN). It is located in the Discovery District of Downtown Toronto along University Avenue's Hospital Row; it is directly north of The Hospital for Sick Children, across Gerrard Street West, and east of Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Mount Sinai Hospital. The hospital serves as a teaching hospital for the University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine. In 2019, the hospital was ranked first for research in Canada by Research Infosource for the ninth consecutive year.
The emergency department now treats 28,065 persons each year, while the hospital also houses the major transplantation service for Ontario, performing heart, lung, kidney, liver, pancreas, and small intestine, amongst others, for patients referred from all over Canada. The hospital is the largest organ transplant center in North America, performing 639 transplants in 2017. The hospital is also renowned for cardiac and thoracic surgery. The world's first single and double lung transplants were performed at TGH in 1983 and 1986 and the world's first valve-sparing aortic root replacement was done by Tirone David at Toronto General Hospital in 1992. The Lung Transplant program is currently the largest in the world, performing 167 lung transplants in 2017. In 2015, surgeons performed the world's first triple organ transplant (lung, liver and pancreas) in 19 year old Reid Wylie at Toronto General Hospital. TGH teaches resident physicians, nurses, and technicians; it also conducts research through the Toronto General Research Institute.
Currently, Sophie, Duchess of Edinburgh, as a member of the Canadian Royal Family, is patron of the hospital.
History
The hospital started as a small shed in the old town and was used as a British Army military hospital during the War of 1812, after which it was founded as a permanent institutionYork General Hospitalin 1829, at John and King Streets (now home to Bell Lightbox). In 1855 a new home for the hospital was built on the north side of Gerrard Street, east of Parliament, using a design by architect William Hay. In 1913, the hospital moved to College Street, near its current location, expanding and upgrading over the ensuing years. The 1913 structure, previously called the College Wing, was eventually sold by the hospital, to become the home of the MaRS Discovery District after a new wing for the TGH was completed and opened in 2002.
Ajmera Transplant Centre
Toronto General Hospital was the largest organ transplantation center in North America in 2017, performing 639 transplants in total.
Lung - TGH performed 167 lung transplants, making it the largest lung transplant program in the world.
Liver - TGH performed 195 liver Transplants with 39 of those living donor transplants in 2017 making the program the largest in North America.
Kidney - TGH performed 202 kidney transplants, 65 of those were living do |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami%20warning%20system | A tsunami warning system (TWS) is used to detect tsunamis in advance and issue the warnings to prevent loss of life and damage to property. It is made up of two equally important components: a network of sensors to detect tsunamis and a communications infrastructure to issue timely alarms to permit evacuation of the coastal areas. There are two distinct types of tsunami warning systems: international and regional. When operating, seismic alerts are used to instigate the watches and warnings; then, data from observed sea level height (either shore-based tide gauges or DART buoys) are used to verify the existence of a tsunami. Other systems have been proposed to augment the warning procedures; for example, it has been suggested that the duration and frequency content of t-wave energy (which is earthquake energy trapped in the ocean SOFAR channel) is indicative of an earthquake's tsunami potential.
History and forecasting
The first rudimentary system to alert communities of an impending tsunami was attempted in Hawaii in the 1920s. More advanced systems were developed in the wake of the April 1, 1946 (caused by the 1946 Aleutian Islands earthquake) and May 23, 1960 (caused by the 1960 Valdivia earthquake) tsunamis which caused massive devastation in Hilo, Hawaii. While tsunamis travel at between 500 and 1,000 km/h (around 0.14 and 0.28 km/s) in open water, earthquakes can be detected almost at once as seismic waves travel with a typical speed of 4 km/s (around 14,400 km/h). This gives time for a possible tsunami forecast to be made and warnings to be issued to threatened areas, if warranted. Until a reliable model is able to predict which earthquakes will produce significant tsunamis, this approach will produce many more false alarms than verified warnings.
International systems (IS)
Pacific Ocean
Tsunami warnings (SAME code: TSW) for most of the Pacific Ocean are issued by the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC), operated by the United States NOAA in Ewa Beach, Hawaii. NOAA's National Tsunami Warning Center (NTWC) in Palmer, Alaska issues warnings for North America, including Alaska, British Columbia, Oregon, California, the Gulf of Mexico, and the East coast. The PTWC was established in 1949, following the 1946 Aleutian Island earthquake and a tsunami that resulted in 165 casualties on Hawaii and in Alaska; NTWC was founded in 1967. International coordination is achieved through the International Coordination Group for the Tsunami Warning System in the Pacific, established by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO.
In 2017, The US congressional panel passed a vote to continue funding a global tsunami detection system that gives U.S. officials an accurate forecast in order to decrease damage cause by Tsunamis.
Chile
In 2005, Chile started to implement the Integrated Plate boundary Observatory Chile (IPOC) which in the following years become a network of 14 multiparameter stations for monitoring the 600-km seismic dis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LeapPad | LeapPad is a range of tablet computers developed for children. Various models of the LeapPad have been developed by LeapFrog Enterprises since 1999.
Development history
The device, resembling a talking book, took 3 years to develop and was introduced to the market in 1999. In 2001 (sales $160 million) and 2002 it was the best-selling toy in specialty stores. Sales in 2003 reached $680 million and were only eclipsed by sales of the book and cartridge add-ons. LeapStart is in red, Leap 1 is in orange, Leap 2 is in blue, and Leap 3 is in green.
LeapPad was invented by Jim Marggraff and developed by a team from Explore Technologies, Inc., which was founded by Marggraff and acquired by LeapFrog in July 1998. It uses the same patented "NearTouch" technology developed for the Explore Technologies Odyssey Atlasphere. Investigation and development was started in December 1997.
Models
Various models of the LeapPad were developed between its launch in 1999 and 2020:
LeapPad (original model)
LeapPad Plus Writing
Read and Write LeapPad
LeapPad Plus Microphone (also known as Read Aloud LeapPad)
LeapPad Pro
Quantum LeapPad (also known as Quantum Pad)
LeapPad Plus Writing and Microphone
Learn & Go LeapPad
Cocopad (released only in Japan)
LeapPad Explorer - The device is similar to Apple's iPad, but unlike the iPad, users can only download proprietary LeapFrog apps. The device has the capability to capture movies and take pictures. It was released in the summer of 2011. LeapFrog won the Platinum Award for LeapPad™ from the Oppenheim Toy Portfolio in September 2011.
LeapPad 2 Explorer (released in the summer of 2012)
LeapPad Ultra (released in the summer of 2013)
LeapPad3 (released in the summer of 2014)
LeapPad Platinum (released in the summer of 2015)
LeapPad Ultimate (released in February 2017)
LeapPad Academy (released in the summer of 2020)
Spin-offs incompatible with the mainstream series
The LeapPad's popularity helped spawn other LeapPad branded devices that are incompatible with the mainstream LeapPad series of players. These devices were meant for younger audiences who are not ready for the mainstream LeapPad's titles.
My First LeapPad - Targeted for preschoolers to Kindergarten-going children, the design of the LeapPad is different from a regular LeapPad in that the books are flipped upwards. The unit was later redesigned to be shaped like a school bus. A British-voiced version was also available in the UK.
LittleTouch LeapPad - Targeted for babies to toddlers, the unit operated significantly different from a regular LeapPad in that it did not require a stylus to operate. The unit also featured a soft pad underneath to allow for the device to sit comfortably on the parents' or toddler's lap.
Technology
The LeapPad is a computer with electrographic sensor. The sensor works as a capacitor and measures the amount of current flowing through corner electrodes into a plate beneath the table top, and uses that information to triangula |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius%20Inc. | Radius Inc. was an American computer hardware firm founded in May 1986 by Burrell Smith, Mike Boich, Matt Carter, Alain Rossmann and joined by other members of the original Macintosh team like Andy Hertzfeld. The company specialized in Macintosh peripherals and accessory equipment. It completed its IPO in June 1990.
Their products included processor upgrade cards (Radius Accelerator) bringing Motorola 68020 processors to earlier Macintosh systems; graphics accelerators (Radius QuickColor); television tuners (RadiusTV); video capture cards (VideoVision); color calibrators (PrecisionColor); multi-processor systems (Radius Rocket) for 3D rendering and multiple OS sessions; high-end video adapters and monitors.
History
The first Radius product was the Radius Full Page Display, one of the first large screens available for any personal computer. First available for the Macintosh Plus and Macintosh 512Ke, it pioneered the concept of putting multiple screens in a single coordinate space, allowing users to drag windows between multiple screens. This was a concept that Apple later incorporated into the Macintosh II. The firmware was written by Andy Hertzfeld while Burrell Smith developed the hardware. In its first 12 month of shipments, Radius achieved US$1-million per-month sales.
The second Radius product was the Radius Accelerator, an add-on card that quadrupled the speed of the Macintosh by adding a Motorola 68020 processor.
Another product was the Pivot Display: a full-page display that rotated between landscape and portrait orientation with real-time remapping of the menus, mouse and screen drawing. The award-winning product design was by Terry Oyama, former ID lead at Apple Computer.
Radius's graphics accelerator products included the QuickColor and QuickCAD boards. Using an ARM processor, this being specifically the VL86C010 device also known as the ARM2 and used in the Acorn Archimedes series of computers, QuickColor offered a claimed 600 percent speed increase in screen drawing operations, although observed performance gains were more modest. Designed to work with products such as the Radius Color Display, the QuickColor was able to access the framebuffer of the display board at a much higher rate - by employing block transfers - than that achieved in an unaccelerated system utilising numerous separate data transfers over the NuBus expansion bus. Various "bottleneck" QuickDraw operations were implemented using routines running on the QuickColor board. Such reimplemented routines were claimed to run 50% faster on the QuickColor board whose ARM processor ran "a multi-tasking RISC operating system". QuickCAD was described as "a superset of Radius's QuickColor", offering display list processing in a fashion similar to that of existing coprocessors - already available for IBM PC-compatible systems - such as the TMS34010.
By late 1992, the company faced hard times. It faced multiple shareholder lawsuits, accusing senior managers of extensive in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backpropagation | As a machine-learning algorithm, backpropagation performs a backward pass to adjust a neural network model's parameters, aiming to minimize the mean squared error (MSE). In a multi-layered network, backpropagation uses the following steps:
Propagate training data through the model from input to predicted output by computing the successive hidden layers' outputs and finally the final layer's output (the feedforward step).
Adjust the model weights to reduce the error relative to the weights.
The error is typically the squared difference between prediction and target.
For each weight, the slope or derivative of the error is found, and the weight adjusted by a negative multiple of this derivative, so as to go downslope toward the minimum-error configuration.
This derivative is easy to calculate for final layer weights, and possible to calculate for one layer given the next layer's derivatives. Starting at the end, then, the derivatives are calculated layer by layer toward the beginning -- thus "backpropagation".
Repeatedly update the weights until they converge or the model has undergone enough iterations.
It is an efficient application of the Leibniz chain rule (1673) to such networks. It is also known as the reverse mode of automatic differentiation or reverse accumulation, due to Seppo Linnainmaa (1970). The term "back-propagating error correction" was introduced in 1962 by Frank Rosenblatt, but he did not know how to implement this, even though Henry J. Kelley had a continuous precursor of backpropagation already in 1960 in the context of control theory.
Backpropagation computes the gradient of a loss function with respect to the weights of the network for a single input–output example, and does so efficiently, computing the gradient one layer at a time, iterating backward from the last layer to avoid redundant calculations of intermediate terms in the chain rule; this can be derived through dynamic programming. Gradient descent, or variants such as stochastic gradient descent, are commonly used.
Strictly the term backpropagation refers only to the algorithm for computing the gradient, not how the gradient is used; but the term is often used loosely to refer to the entire learning algorithm – including how the gradient is used, such as by stochastic gradient descent. In 1986 David E. Rumelhart et al. published an experimental analysis of the technique. This contributed to the popularization of backpropagation and helped to initiate an active period of research in multilayer perceptrons.
Overview
Backpropagation computes the gradient in weight space of a feedforward neural network, with respect to a loss function. Denote:
: input (vector of features)
: target output
For classification, output will be a vector of class probabilities (e.g., , and target output is a specific class, encoded by the one-hot/dummy variable (e.g., ).
: loss function or "cost function"
For classification, this is usually cross-entropy (XC, log loss), wh |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trend%20%28disambiguation%29 | A trend is a form of collective behavior in which a group of people enthusiastically follow an impulse for a short period.
Trend, trending, or trends may also refer to:
Data patterns and forecasting
Market trend, a period of time when prices in a financial market are rising or falling faster than their historical average
Real estate trend, changes impacting real estate brokers, agents and the housing industry
Twitter trends, words, phrases, or topics that are mentioned at a greater rate than others on Twitter
Food trends
Trend estimation, the statistical analysis of data to extrapolate trends
Periodic trends, the tendency of chemical characteristics to follow patterns along rows or columns of the periodic table of elements
Trend type forecast, a short period weather forecast supplied to airfields
Arts, entertainment, and media
Periodicals
Trend (magazine), an Austrian business weekly
Trends (American magazine), published in Arizona
Trends (Belgian magazine), a Belgian business magazine
Trends (journals), a series of scientific journals of biology published by Cell Press
Other
The Trend (TV programme), a Kenyan talk show
Trend Records, a record label
Trending, a radio programme on the BBC World Service
"Trends" (short story), a 1939 science fiction short story by Isaac Asimov
Trend (typeface), a type face cut by Baltimore Type Foundry
Other uses
Trend, Denmark, a town in North Jutland
Trend-Arlington, a neighbourhood of Ottawa, Canada
The Trend, a Marxist-Leninist political movement of the mid-1970s through the mid-1990s in the United States
Google Trends, a website that analyzes the popularity of Google Search queries
Trend, the former brand name of Purex (laundry detergent), launched in 1946
Trend (surname), people with this name
See also
Trendz (disambiguation)
Trend line (disambiguation)
Trend Micro, a Japanese company that develops anti-virus computer software
Trendies, a teenage subculture in Europe and the US from the 1990s to the 2010s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply%20Belcher | Supply Belcher (March 29, 1751 – June 9, 1836) was an American composer, singer, and compiler of tune books. He was one of the so-called Yankee tunesmiths or First New England School, a group of mostly self-taught composers who created sacred vocal music for local choirs. He was active first in Lexington, Massachusetts, then eventually moved to Farmington, Maine. Like most of his colleagues, Belcher could not make music his main occupation, and worked as tax assessor, schoolmaster, town clerk, and so on; nevertheless he was considerably well known for his musical activities, and even dubbed 'the Handell [sic] of Maine' by a local newspaper. Most of his works survive in The Harmony of Maine, a collection Belcher published himself in Boston in 1794.
Life
Belcher was born in Stoughton, Massachusetts. In the early 1770s he moved to Boston to embark on a merchant's career, but returned to Stoughton just a few years later. He was a private during the Revolutionary War, part of the company of Stoughton Minutemen that marched to Cambridge on April 19, 1775 immediately after receiving the alarm from Lexington. Later, he was promoted to the rank of Captain under Washington. Around 1778 he bought a farm in Canton, Massachusetts and established a tavern there; he was known then as "Uncle Ply." It was at his tavern that some of the early singing meetings in the area were held, but contrary to some written accounts, Belcher never joined the Stoughton Musical Society. Also, he was not a pupil at the Stoughton singingschool, where William Billings taught in 1774.
After the war, in 1785, he moved first to Hallowell (now Augusta), Maine with his family, and then six years later they moved to Farmington, where Belcher remained until his death. He became a prominent citizen, serving as tax assessor, schoolmaster, town clerk, justice of the peace, magistrate, and even representative to the Massachusetts General Court. He was very successful in his musical activities as well: he apparently led Farmington's first choir, and attracted favourable reviews. When writing about the composer in his diary, Rev. Paul Coffin wrote: "Squire Belcher called his singers together and gave us an evening of sweet music." After the 1796 performance of Belcher's Ordination Anthem, parts of which bear resemblance to Handel's famous Messiah chorus, a Maine newspaper dubbed the composer 'the Handell of Maine'. Belcher was also active as violinist and singer. He died in Farmington on June 9, 1836.
Works
Most of Belcher's 75 extant works survive in a volume titled The Harmony of Maine, which the composer published in 1794 in Boston. That collection only includes pieces by Belcher. The music is firmly rooted in the tradition of New England psalmody and William Billings in particular, although it also shows other influences (e.g. Handel, as in Ordination Anthem). Most of the pieces are in four voices and based on sacred texts, with a few exceptions—some three-voice pieces and several works w |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homer%27s%20Night%20Out | "Homer's Night Out" is the tenth episode of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 25, 1990. It was written by Jon Vitti and directed by Rich Moore. In the episode, Bart orders a mail-order spy camera, which he uses to secretly photograph Homer dancing with an exotic belly dancer. Marge makes Homer apologize to the exotic dancer to teach Bart that women are not objects. Sam McMurray guest stars in the episode as Gulliver Dark, the man who introduces Homer to the crowd at the burlesque show.
The episode was well received by critics and it was the second highest rated show on the Fox network the week it aired. This episode, along with three other episodes of the show, is featured on The Simpsons "Gone Wild" DVD released in 2004.
Plot
Bart purchases a miniature spy camera from a mail-order catalog and uses it to take candid photos around the house. Later, Homer tells Marge he is going to a bachelor party for a co-worker, Eugene Fisk. While Homer is gone, Marge decides to take the children to a seafood restaurant where — unknown to her — the bachelor party is under way in another room.
A belly dancer named Princess Kashmir arrives at the party and invites Homer to dance with her onstage. Walking out of the bathroom, Bart wanders into the bachelor party and snaps a picture of Homer and Princess Kashmir dancing. Bart brings the photo to school and gives a copy to Milhouse, who promptly gets requests for copies from other students. When the students' parents get hold of the photo, more copies circulate until everyone in Springfield has seen the picture, including Marge, who is furious. When Homer arrives home later that day, Marge demands an explanation. Bart inadvertently reveals that the picture is his, angering both his parents. Homer spends the night at Barney's apartment after Marge kicks him out of the house.
The next day, Homer goes home to apologize to Marge, who worries the picture will make Bart think it is acceptable to treat women as sex objects. She insists that Homer take Bart to meet Princess Kashmir so he can see that she is more than just a stripper. Homer and Bart scour Springfield's strip clubs searching for Princess Kashmir, eventually finding her at the Sapphire Lounge.
Homer introduces himself and Bart to Princess Kashmir, who is preoccupied with her upcoming performance but understands what Homer is trying to teach his son. Homer inadvertently finds himself onstage when the striptease show starts. He is about to be thrown offstage when the audience recognizes him from the picture. Homer gets caught up in the audience's fanfare and starts dancing with the showgirls until he remembers the lesson he is trying to teach Bart. Homer stops the show and makes a plea to the audience to treat women with respect. Marge, who is in the audience, accepts Homer's apology and they reconcile.
Production
The episode was written by Jon Vitti and directed by Ric |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marge%20Be%20Not%20Proud | "Marge Be Not Proud" is the eleventh episode of the seventh season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on December 17, 1995, exactly six years after the series premiere episode "Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire". In the episode, Marge refuses to buy Bart the new video game Bonestorm, so he steals it from a local discount store. Bart is estranged from his mother after he gets caught, so he works to regain her love and trust.
The episode was written by Mike Scully and directed by Steven Dean Moore. Scully got the inspiration for it from an experience in his childhood when he shoplifted. Lawrence Tierney guest-starred in the episode as Don Brodka.
Since airing, the episode has received mostly positive reviews from television critics. It acquired a Nielsen rating of 9.5, and was the fourth highest-rated show on Fox the week it aired.
Plot
Bart wants the new video game Bonestorm, but Marge refuses to buy it because it is too violent, expensive, and distracts children from their school work. Unable to rent it or play Milhouse's copy, Bart visits the local Try-N-Save discount store, where Jimbo Jones and Nelson Muntz convince him to steal a copy. Bart is caught by security guard Detective Don Brodka, who calls Homer and Marge, but leaves a message because they are not home. Detective Brodka orders Bart to leave the store and never come back by threatening him to send him to juvenile hall for Christmas if he comes back. Bart rushes home and successfully intercepts the message by switching out the answering machine tape with Allan Sherman's "Hello Muddah, Hello Faddah."
Unaware of Bart's crime, Marge takes the family to the same store to get their annual Christmas picture taken. Bart panics, then is spotted by Detective Brodka, who shows a disbelieving Homer and Marge the security footage of their son shoplifting. Bart tries to apologize to Marge, but she rebuffs him and sends him to bed. Concerned she may be mothering Bart too much, Marge decides he is old enough to make his own decisions and bans Bart from family activities as punishment for his misdemeanor, such as making snow statues and decorating the Christmas tree. Worried he has lost Marge's love, Bart convinces Milhouse's mother, Luann, to spend time with him.
To regain his mother's love, Bart shops at Try-N-Save and returns home with a bulge in his coat. Thinking he has shoplifted again, Marge confronts Bart, who reveals he bought a Christmas present for her: a photo of himself smiling. Overjoyed at getting this early Christmas gift, Marge gives Bart his present: the golf simulator video game Lee Carvallo's Putting Challenge. Though underwhelmed, Bart thanks her and they reconcile.
Production
Mike Scully, the writer of the episode, based it on an experience in his childhood. Scully was twelve years old when he paid a visit to the Bradlees discount department store in West Springfield, Massachusetts. A "bunch |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal%20code | Universal Code can refer to:
Universal code (data compression), a prefix used to map integers onto binary codewords
Universal Code (biology), another term for genetic code, the set of rules living cells to form proteins
An alternate term for a Universal law, the concept that principles and rules governing human behaviour can gain legitimacy by demonstrating universal acceptability, applicability, translation, and philosophical basis of those rules
Universal code (ethics), the belief that a system of ethics can apply to every sentient being
Universal Product Code, a barcode symbology system widely used in Australia, Europe, New Zealand, North America, and other countries for tracking trade items
Universal code (typography), a standard set of characters in typography
Universal code (cartography), another term for the Natural Area Code, a geocode system for identifying a location on or in the volume of space around Earth |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-%20and%20two-tailed%20tests | In statistical significance testing, a one-tailed test and a two-tailed test are alternative ways of computing the statistical significance of a parameter inferred from a data set, in terms of a test statistic. A two-tailed test is appropriate if the estimated value is greater or less than a certain range of values, for example, whether a test taker may score above or below a specific range of scores. This method is used for null hypothesis testing and if the estimated value exists in the critical areas, the alternative hypothesis is accepted over the null hypothesis.
A one-tailed test is appropriate if the estimated value may depart from the reference value in only one direction, left or right, but not both. An example can be whether a machine produces more than one-percent defective products. In this situation, if the estimated value exists in one of the one-sided critical areas, depending on the direction of interest (greater than or less than), the alternative hypothesis is accepted over the null hypothesis. Alternative names are one-sided and two-sided tests; the terminology "tail" is used because the extreme portions of distributions, where observations lead to rejection of the null hypothesis, are small and often "tail off" toward zero as in the normal distribution, colored in yellow, or "bell curve", pictured on the right and colored in green.
Applications
One-tailed tests are used for asymmetric distributions that have a single tail, such as the chi-squared distribution, which are common in measuring goodness-of-fit, or for one side of a distribution that has two tails, such as the normal distribution, which is common in estimating location; this corresponds to specifying a direction. Two-tailed tests are only applicable when there are two tails, such as in the normal distribution, and correspond to considering either direction significant.
In the approach of Ronald Fisher, the null hypothesis H0 will be rejected when the p-value of the test statistic is sufficiently extreme (vis-a-vis the test statistic's sampling distribution) and thus judged unlikely to be the result of chance. This is usually done by comparing the resulting p-value with the specified significance level, denoted by , when computing the statistical significance of a parameter. In a one-tailed test, "extreme" is decided beforehand as either meaning "sufficiently small" or meaning "sufficiently large" – values in the other direction are considered not significant. One may report that the left or right tail probability as the one-tailed p-value, which ultimately corresponds to the direction in which the test statistic deviates from H0. In a two-tailed test, "extreme" means "either sufficiently small or sufficiently large", and values in either direction are considered significant. For a given test statistic, there is a single two-tailed test, and two one-tailed tests, one each for either direction. When provided a significance level , the critical regions would exis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emlyn%20Hughes%20International%20Soccer | Emlyn Hughes International Soccer (EHIS) is a soccer computer game first released in 1988 by Audiogenic Software Ltd. The game is named after the popular English footballer Emlyn Hughes. It initially appeared on the Commodore 64, with other versions produced for the Amstrad CPC, ZX Spectrum, Atari ST and Amiga.
The game was programmed by Graham Blighe with additional coding by Michael McLean. Gameplay included arcade-style action and the management aspect of the sport. Critical response to the game was generally positive with accolades and high ratings from the industry magazines.
History
It debuted on Commodore 64, but versions were also developed for Amstrad, ZX Spectrum, Atari ST and Amiga as part of Audiogenic's general cross-platform strategy. Upon its release it was hailed by some as the most realistic football simulation ever made, and gathered enthusiastic reviews, in particular from ZZAP!64. The program was in the UK computer games charts for over three years following its release, and was still enjoying a small but enthusiastic cult following almost 20 years after its release.
Every version of the game was programmed by Graham Blighe and produced by Peter Calver, with graphics created by Andrew Calver, and playtesting by Jeremy Wellard (who later founded HB Studios); the strategy section was coded by Michael McLean (in later versions Terry Wiley). The music for the Commodore 64 version was written by Barry Leitch.
The inspiration for the game came from International Soccer, a highly successful cartridge game for the Commodore 64 that had been released by Commodore themselves in the early 1980s. Indeed, EHIS offered an optional mode in which the controls were deliberately limited, to simulate the restricted options available in the earlier game. This both provided an easy introduction and helped to emphasise the extent to which the controls had been enhanced.
At the time of its release EHIS faced heavy competition from titles such as Match Day II (1987), Kick Off (1989) and Microprose Soccer. However, what made EHIS different from the other games of its time was the fine balance between playability and simulation - it was not as slow as Match Day II, nor as reflex-driven as Kick Off and Sensible Soccer. As a result, the appeal of EHIS was strongest among those who preferred skillful, tactical football to frantic arcade action. Despite limited graphics, and a side view of the action (whereas Kick Off had recently introduced the bird's-eye perspective), EHIS held its own because of a powerful control system that gave the players unprecedented control over the game.
Gameplay
EHIS gameplay included the basic running, kicking, shooting style but also had advanced technique gameplay which added depth and realism to the game. For example, turning naturally involved changing direction of the joystick, but instead of coming to a halt straight away, the player would slow down, stop and start to run in the direction of the joystick.
EHIS a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin%20Galaxies | Twin Galaxies is a social media platform and video game database. It founded the U.S. National Video Game Team. Twin Galaxies is the official supplier of video game records to Guinness World Records.
History
In mid-1981, Walter Day, founder of Twin Galaxies, Inc., visited more than 100 video game arcades over four months, recording the high scores that he found on each game.
On November 10, 1981, Day opened his arcade in Ottumwa, Iowa, naming it Twin Galaxies.
On February 9, 1982, Day's database of records was released publicly as the Twin Galaxies National Scoreboard.
Twin Galaxies' first event formed state teams from the top players in North Carolina and California, facing them off in a "California Challenges North Carolina All-Star Playoff." The teams played in 17 different games in Lakewood, California, and Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina. California defeated North Carolina 10–7 over the weekend of August 27–30, 1982.
In September, 1982, the book "Defending the Galaxy" is released—and declaring Twin Galaxies as the "Video Game Capital of the World," and describing the California/North Carolina contest just held.
On November 30, 1982, Ottumwa mayor Jerry Parker declared the town "Video Game Capital of the World", a claim that was backed up by Iowa Governor Terry Branstad, Atari and the Amusement Game Manufacturers Association in a ceremony at Twin Galaxies on March 19, 1983.
Beginning in the summer of 1982, Video Games magazine and Joystick published high-score tables taken from Twin Galaxies' data. Additional high-score charts also appeared in USA Today, Videogiochi (Milan, Italy), Computer Games, Video Game Player and Electronic Fun.
On January 8–9, 1983, Twin Galaxies organized its first world championship, which was filmed by ABC-TV's That's Incredible! and aired on February 21, 1983.
In March 1983, Twin Galaxies was contracted by the Electronic Circus to assemble a professional troupe of video game high-scorers. Though the Circus was scheduled to visit 40 cities in North America, its Boston inaugural performance lasted only five days, closing on July 19. The players selected by Twin Galaxies for the Circus are believed to be history's first professionally contracted video game players.
On July 25, 1983, Twin Galaxies established the first professional U.S. National Video Game Team. The USNVGT toured the United States during the summer of 1983 in a 44-foot GMC bus filled with arcade games, appearing at arcades around the nation and conducting the 1983 Video Game Masters Tournament, the results of which were published in the 1984 U.S. edition of Guinness World Records.
In 1988, the Guinness Book of World records stopped publishing records from Twin Galaxies due to a decline in interest for arcade games.
On February 8, 1998, Twin Galaxies' Official Video Game & Pinball Book of World Records was published. It is a 984-page book containing scores compiled since 1981. A second edition was published as a three-volume set in 2007. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A458%20road | The A458 is a route on the UK highway network that runs from Mallwyd, near Machynlleth, in Wales, merging with the A456 Hagley Road and the Quinton Expressway on the outskirts of Birmingham, in England. On the way it passes through Welshpool, Shrewsbury, Much Wenlock, Bridgnorth, Stourbridge and Halesowen
History
Welshpool to Shrewsbury
The road was one of several from "Welch Gate and Cotton Hill" (sic) turnpiked on 1758. Between Buttington and Halfway House the original course of the road was abandoned after it was disturnpiked in 1837. It was replaced by a new road built along the foot of Moelygolfa (hill), built in 1801. This Turnpike Trust ended in 1877.
Shrewsbury to Bridgnorth
This road is likely to be Anglo-Saxon in origin, as it links the burhs of Bridgnorth and Shrewsbury. It was used by the army of Henry I, which cleared trees near it on Wenlock Edge to make the road safe. The road was turnpiked in 1752, the trust being solely concerned with this road. It remained a turnpike until 1875.
The Bridgnorth bypass, opened in 1985, was classified as A458, taking the main road around the south of the town, previously it ran through Low Town, but ran along low ground at the foot of the hillside up to the town centre.
Bridgnorth to Quinton
The final section of the road was a late creation, consisting of a road laid out in 1805 when Morfe Heath was enclosed (as far as Six Ashes and then various existing roads for the rest of its route. This was turnpiked in 1816 and remained under the control of a trust until 1877. It terminates in the Quinton area on Halesowen's border with Birmingham and Oldbury. The split junction with Stourbridge Ring Road on the western side of the town replaced the formerly two way narrow section of the road but which necessitated the demolition of buildings on the new alignment.
Until the 1950s, it terminated in Halesowen town centre, but was extended approximately two miles eastwards in the 1950s along the former route of the A456, which was by-passed on a new road around the south of the town.
See also
Trunk roads in Wales
References
Roads in England
Roads in Wales
Transport in Powys
Transport in Shropshire
Roads in Worcestershire
Roads in Gwynedd |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Townsquare%20Media | Townsquare Media, Inc. (formerly Regent Communications until 2010) is an American radio network and media company based in Purchase, New York. The company started in radio and expanded into digital media toward the end of the 2000s, starting with the acquisition of the MOG Music Network. As of 2019, Townsquare was the third-largest AM–FM operator in the country, owning over 321 radio stations in 67 markets.
History
As Regent Communications
Townsquare Media was established as Regent Communications by Terry Jacobs in 1994. Jacobs was formerly the CEO of Jacor Communications, a radio broadcasting company which he created in 1979. Bill Stakelin later shared chief status in the company with Jacobs, and the two established JS Communications, later selling Regent to Jacor in 1997. Stakelin and Jacobs resurrected the Regent name to replace JS, with approval by Jacor. Jacobs left the company in 2005.
On October 27, 2008, Regent Broadcasting joined Radiolicious and began streaming on the iPhone and iPod Touch. Regent is the first major radio group to contract for all of its streaming stations to be available through the Radiolicious application.
As Townsquare Media
Regent filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on March 1, 2010, with $211.3 million in debt, $166.5 million in assets, and a pre-arranged plan for exiting bankruptcy, with the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware. The filing plan made Oaktree Capital Management the majority owner of Regent after the bankruptcy and gave the old shareholders 12.8 cents per share. After the privatization, the company was renamed Townsquare Media by its co-founders Steven Price, Stuart Rosenstein, Alex Berkett, Dhruv Prasad, and Scott Schatz. Gap Broadcasting Group, another radio group owned by Oaktree, was merged into Townsquare, giving it ownership of 171 radio stations in 36 markets.
In December 2010, the company began to expand its digital media operations, overhauling its stations' websites and launching a new country music news website known as Taste of Country.
Townsquare acquired a number of stations from Double O Radio in August 2011.
On April 30, 2012, Townsquare Media announced a deal to acquire 55 stations in 11 markets from Cumulus Media, in exchange for Townsquare's stations in the markets of Bloomington and Peoria, IL and $126 million.
On August 24, 2012, Townsquare reached a deal to acquire the MOG Music Network, an advertising network for music blogs. The network was part of MOG, a streaming music service that had previously reached a deal to be acquired by Beats Electronics.
On October 1, 2012, Townsquare Media created Townsquare Interactive. Townsquare Interactive is the digital marketing division of Townsquare Media and focuses on creating comprehensive web presences for small businesses across the United States.
In June 2013, Townsquare announced it would acquire a number of music-related blogs from AOL, including The Boombox, The Boot, and Noisecreep, along |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall | Firewall may refer to:
Firewall (computing), a technological barrier designed to prevent unauthorized or unwanted communications between computer networks or hosts
Firewall (construction), a barrier inside a building, designed to limit the spread of fire, heat and structural collapse
Firewall (engine), the part of a vehicle that separates the engine compartment from the rest of the vehicle
Firewall (physics), a hypothetical phenomenon where a freely falling observer spontaneously burns up at the horizon of a black hole
Arts, entertainment, and media
Music
Firewall, an alias of British musician Lange (born 1974)
"Firewall", a song by Steve Vai from the 2005 album Real Illusions: Reflections
"Firewall", a song by Kompany from the 2019 extended play Metropolis
Literature
Firewall (Andy McNab novel), a Nick Stone adventure
Firewall (Mankell novel), a 1998 novel by Henning Mankell, featuring Kurt Walland
Film and television
Firewall (film), a 2006 thriller film written by Joe Forte, starring Harrison Ford
"Firewall" (Person of Interest), an episode of the American television drama series Person of Interest
"Firewall", an episode from the Canadian computer-animated series ReBoot
Characters
Firewall, a fictional character in the G.I. Joe universe
See also
Alberta Agenda, also known as the Alberta Firewall, a political proposal for the Canadian province
firewalld, a firewall management tool for Linux operating systems
Great Firewall, China's internet censorship firewall
Chinese wall, a zone of non-communication between distinct sections of a business, in order to prevent conflicts of interest
Personal firewall, a very popular form of firewall designed to protect personal computers
Reredos, a short wall behind a fire in a traditional hearth
Wall of Fire (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIPS%20Magnum | The MIPS Magnum was a line of computer workstations designed by MIPS Computer Systems, Inc. and based on the MIPS series of RISC microprocessors. The first Magnum was released in March, 1990, and production of various models continued until 1993 when SGI bought MIPS Technologies. SGI cancelled the MIPS Magnum line to promote their own workstations including the entry-level SGI Indy.
The early, R3000-based Magnum series ran only RISC/os, a variant of BSD Unix, but the subsequent Magnum workstations based on the Jazz architecture ran both RISC/os and Windows NT. In addition to these proprietary operating systems, both Linux and NetBSD have been ported to the Jazz-based MIPS Magnum machines.
Some models of MIPS Magnum were rebadged and sold by Groupe Bull and Olivetti. In addition, headless (i.e., without a framebuffer or video card) versions were marketed as servers under the name "MIPS Millennium".
Series
Model number information.
MIPS Magnum 3000
Alternative model name: MIPS RC3230
Release: March, 1990
Initial price: $9000 USD
Bus: TURBOchannel
Maximum possible RAM: 128 MB
MIPS Magnum R4000
Two subtypes: The R4000 PC-50 and R4000 SC-50
Release: April, 1992
Initial price: $12,000.00 USD
Bus: EISA
Maximum possible RAM: 256 MB
Components
Processors
The MIPS Magnum 3000 has a 25 or 33 MHz MIPS R3000A microprocessor.
The MIPS Magnum R4000 PC-50 has a MIPS R4000PC processor with only 16 kB L1 cache (but no L2 cache), running at an external clock rate of 50 MHz (which was internally doubled in the microprocessor to 100 MHz). The MIPS Magnum R4000 SC-50 is identical to the Magnum R4000PC, but includes one megabyte of secondary cache in addition to the primary cache.
Memory
For main memory, the MIPS Magnum 3000 accepted 30-pin true-parity, 80ns SIMMs up to a maximum of 128 MB.
The MIPS Magnum R4000 accepted eight 72-pin true-parity SIMMs, up to a maximum of 256 MB.
SCSI
The MIPS Magnum R4000 (both the R4000 PC-50 and R4000 SC-50) includes a single on-board SCSI bus using the on-board NCR 53c94 fast-narrow SCSI chipset. An internal cable with four 50-pin connections links internal SCSI devices, and also interfaces external SCSI devices via an endlink mounted on the rear of the case.
Ethernet
The MIPS Magnum R4000 includes an on-board SONIC Ethernet chipset and an AUI Ethernet connector mounted on the case.
Framebuffer
The video output for the Magnum R4000 consists of a proprietary framebuffer available as a custom full-length option card — the G364 framebuffer. The G364 includes a SUN 13W3-style output (which can be converted to the more common VGA pin-out), and is capable of pixel screen resolutions of 640x480, 800x600, 1024x768, or 1280x1024. Because it is a simple framebuffer, the G364 does not include any accelerated graphics functions.
Serial and Parallel I/O
The MIPS Magnum R4000 also includes two standard RS-232-capable serial ports and an IBM AT-compatible parallel port.
Floppy disk
Also, the MIPS Magnum R4000 had an IBM A |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEC%20RISCstation | The NEC RISCstation was a line of computer workstations made by NEC in the mid-1990s, based on MIPS RISC microprocessors and designed to run Microsoft Windows NT. A series of nearly identical machines were also sold by NEC in headless (i.e., no video card or framebuffer) configuration as the RISCserver series, and were intended for use as Windows NT workgroup servers.
The RISCstation 2000 was announced in June 1994 by NEC with an availability slated for the end of that summer with the release of Windows NT "Daytona" at a price between US$6000 to US$10000.
Historical development
The RISCstations were based on a modified Jazz architecture licensed from MIPS Computer Systems, Inc. (and which was originally designed by Microsoft). Although architecturally similar to contemporaneous Intel 80386-based personal computers (including, for example, a PCI bus), the RISCstations were faster than the Pentium-based workstations of the time.
Although based on the Jazz design, the RISCstations did not use the G364 framebuffer, instead using a S3 968-based video card or a 3Dlabs GLiNT-based adapter in a PCI slot.
Form factor
All RISCstations used a standard IBM AT-style tower or minitower case, a motherboard which also met the AT form factor standard, and PCI peripherals (such as the video card) for peripheral expansion.
Operating systems
Several operating systems supported RISCstations.
Like all Jazz-based MIPS computers (such as the MIPS Magnum), the RISCstations ran the ARC console firmware to boot Windows NT in little-endian mode. The MIPS III architecture was capable of either little-endian or big-endian operation.
However, Microsoft stopped supporting the MIPS architecture in Windows NT after version 4.0. RISCstations ceased production in 1996.
In addition to Windows NT, NEC ported a version of Unix System V to the RISCstation.
Although support is lacking from Linux/MIPS for the RISCstation series, they are supported by NetBSD as NetBSD/arc and had been supported by OpenBSD, prior to the termination of the port in 1998.
Models
The RISCstation line included:
RISCstation Image - Acer PICA OEM
RISCstation 2000
Dual-processor SMP system with two 150 MHz MIPS R4400 microprocessors
EISA
NCR53C700 SCSI
RISCstation 2200
Single-processor system with a MIPS R4400 microprocessor
RISCstation 2250
RISCstation 4400
Dual-processor SMP system with two 250 MHz MIPS R4400 microprocessors
Pricing
In March, 1995, a dual-CPU configuration of the RISCstation 2000 was priced at about $14,000, and came equipped with two 150 MHz MIPS R4400 CPUs, 64 MB of RAM, a 1 GB SCSI hard drive, a 3x CD-ROM drive and a 17-inch NEC-brand CRT monitor.
References
External links
A press release detailing features and prices of RISCstation 2200 in 1995
An article from BYTE Magazine comparing the RISCstation 2000 to competing Windows NT workstations
Advanced RISC Computing
Computer workstations
MIPS architecture
Riscstation
64-bit computers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queer%20Youth%20Network | The Queer Youth Network (QYN) was a national non-profit-making organisation that was run by and for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) young people and is based in the United Kingdom. It had an aim to represent the needs and views of younger LGBT people by campaigning for greater visibility and equal rights, as well as providing general support and information to those who are just coming out or who are experiencing homophobia.
Founding
Founded in 1999 by David Joseph Henry and CN Lester as a grass roots civil rights group, its formation was inspired by YouthSpeak and originally called the 'Queer Youth Alliance' until December 2006, and also 'Queer Youth Overground' for a short period between 1999 and 2001. In the beginning, the movement consisted of two member groupsQueer Youth Manchester (a local social support group based at the Hollywood Showbar in Manchester's gay village) and Putney High School's Gay Straight Alliance (the first of its kind in the UK). Henry and Lester got together to form a national alliance of LGBT Young People.
As many of the organisation's original aims began to be achieved (e.g. abolition of Section 28 and equalising the age of consent for gay men), the group decided to focus on youth support, and representation to ensure homophobic legislation such as that brought about by the Conservative government of the 1980s should not be re-enacted.
The first president of the organisation was David Joseph Henry, who stepped down in August 2005 to make way for new president Greg Justice, with Katherine Parlour taking over as Vice President.
With the departure of Greg Justice and Katherine Parlour, the organisation re-grouped; after a period of no clear control in 2007, the organisation changed its name to the Queer Youth Network, and with David Henry, Michael Bundock and Damian Griffiths appointed as the Network's trustees. The site and organisation has recently undergone a face-lift incorporating many features personal to individual members, core policy development and streamlined to ease confusion amongst some of the volunteer teams known as "volunqueers".
The organisation has been awarded the accolade as "Youth Group of the Year" by Pink Paper readers in both 2009 and 2010. The network's leaders were thrilled to have been voted "Best Youth Group" by Pink Paper readers and in response explained that 2009 marked the 10th Anniversary of Britain's first national organisation for LGBT young people. The leaders also acknowledged that the award is a testament to all the members, volunteers and supporters who have worked hard to support the wellbeing of queer young people by campaigning for equality and liberation.
Core work
Instrumental in overturning Kent County Council's 'mini-Section 28' policy after a long campaign, the Network was known for its vibrant, rowdy protests and youth-led campaigns. The organisation was one of the groups in Britain to have reservations about the Government's 'civil partnerships' bil |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated%20Data%20Store | Integrated Data Store (IDS) was an early network database management system largely used by industry, known for its high performance. IDS became the basis for the CODASYL Data Base Task Group standards.
IDS was designed in the 1960s at the computer division of General Electric (which later became Honeywell Information Systems) by Charles Bachman, who received the Turing Award from the Association for Computing Machinery for its creation, in 1973.
The software was released in 1964 for the GE 235 computer.
By 1965, a network version for the customer Weyerhaeuser Lumber was in operation.
IDS/II, introduced in 1975, was a . At this time the original version was labeled IDS/I.
It was not easy to use or implement applications with IDS, because it was designed to maximize performance using the hardware available at that time. However, that weakness was equally its strength because skilful implementations of IDS-type databases, such as British Telecom's huge CSS project (an IDMS database servicing more than 10 billion transactions per year), show levels of performance on terabyte-sized databases that are unmatchable by all relational database implementations. Charles Bachman's innovative design work continues to find state-of-the-art application with major commercial operations.
Later, BF Goodrich Chemical Co., rewrote the entire system to make it more usable, calling the result integrated data management system (IDMS).
See also
Navigational Database
References
External links
Proprietary database management systems
General Electric mainframe computers
Honeywell mainframe computers
Mainframe computer software |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warez%20scene | The Warez scene, often referred to as The Scene, is a worldwide, underground, organized network of pirate groups specializing in obtaining and illegally releasing digital media for free before their official sale date. The Scene distributes all forms of digital media, including computer games, movies, TV shows, music, and pornography. The Scene is meant to be hidden from the public, only being shared with those within the community. However, as files were commonly leaked outside the community and their popularity grew, some individuals from The Scene began leaking files and uploading them to filehosts, torrents and ed2k.
The Scene has no central leadership, location, or other organizational conventions. The groups themselves create a ruleset for each Scene category (for example, MP3 or TV) that then becomes the active rules for encoding material. These rulesets include a rigid set of requirements that warez groups (shortened as "grps") must follow in releasing and managing material. The groups must follow these rules when uploading material and, if the release has a technical error or breaks a rule, other groups may "nuke" (flag as bad content) the release. Groups are in constant competition to get releases up as fast as possible. First appearing around the time of BBSes, The Scene is composed primarily of people dealing with and distributing media content for which special skills and advanced software are required.
History
The warez scene started emerging in the 1970s, used by predecessors of software cracking and reverse engineering groups. Their work was made available on privately run bulletin board systems (BBSes). The first BBSes were located in the United States, but similar boards started appearing in Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and mainland Europe. At the time, setting up a machine capable of distributing data was not trivial, and required a certain amount of technical skill; this was usually taken on as a technical challenge. The BBSes typically hosted several megabytes of material, with the best boards having multiple phone lines and up to one hundred megabytes of storage space, a considerable expense at the time. Releases were mostly games and later software.
As the world of software development evolved to counter the distribution of material, and as the software and hardware needed for distribution became readily available to anyone, The Scene adapted to the changes and turned from simple distribution to actual cracking of copying restrictions and non-commercial reverse engineering. As many groups of people who wanted to do this emerged, a requirement for promotion of individual groups became evident, which prompted the evolution of the artscene, which specialized in the creation of graphical art associated with individual groups. The groups would promote their abilities with ever more sophisticated and advanced software, graphical art, and later also music (demoscene).
The subcommunities (artscene, demoscene, etc.), w |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIPS%20RISC/os | RISC/os is a discontinued UNIX operating system developed by MIPS Computer Systems, Inc. from 1985 to 1992, for their computer workstations and servers, including such models as the MIPS M/120 server and MIPS Magnum workstation. It was also known as UMIPS or MIPS OS.
RISC/os was based largely on UNIX System V with additions from 4.3BSD UNIX, ported to the MIPS architecture. It was a "dual-universe" operating system, meaning that it had separate, switchable runtime environments providing compatibility with either System V Release 3 or 4.3BSD. MIPS OS was one of the first 32-bit operating systems for RISC-based workstation-class computers. It was also one of the first 64-bit Unix releases for RISC based microprocessors, with the first 64-bit versions appearing in 1990. MIPS OS supported full 32-bit and 64-bit applications simultaneously using the underlying hardware architecture supporting the MIPS-IV instruction set. Later releases added support for System V Release 4 compatibility, R6000 processor support and later symmetric multiprocessing support on the R4400 and R6000 processors.
During the early 1990s, several vendors including DEC, Silicon Graphics, and Ardent licensed portions of the software MIPS had written for the RISC/os for their own Unix variants. Evans & Sutherland licensed RISC/os directly for its ESV series workstations. MIPS' influence was most visible as the C compiler and development tools shared by virtually all commercial Unixes for the MIPS processor, the low memory operating system code, and the ROM code for MIPS processors.
Because of its early UNIX heritage, RISC/os was limited in comparison to modern UNIX variants for example, even the last releases of RISC/os did not support shared libraries.
In July 1992, Silicon Graphics purchased MIPS Computer Systems for $220M. Support for RISC/os was subsequently phased out.
See also
Timeline of operating systems
References
Discontinued operating systems
MIPS operating systems
MIPS Technologies
UNIX System V
Unix variants |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARC%20%28specification%29 | Advanced RISC Computing (ARC) is a specification promulgated by a defunct consortium of computer manufacturers (the Advanced Computing Environment project), setting forth a standard MIPS RISC-based computer hardware and firmware environment. The firmware on Alpha machines that are compatible with ARC is known as AlphaBIOS, non-ARC firmware on Alpha is known as SRM.
History
Although ACE went defunct, and no computer was ever manufactured which fully complied with the ARC standard, the ARC system has a widespread legacy in that all operating systems in the Windows NT family use ARC conventions for naming boot devices. SGI's modified version of the ARC firmware is named ARCS. All SGI computers which run IRIX 6.1 or later, such as the Indy and Octane, boot from an ARCS console, which uses the same drive naming conventions as Windows. Most of the various RISC-based computers designed to run Windows NT have versions of the ARC boot console to boot NT. These include the following:
MIPS R4000-based systems such as the MIPS Magnum workstation
all Alpha-based machines with a PCI bus designed prior to the end of support for Windows NT Alpha in September 1999 (the Alpha ARC firmware is also known as AlphaBIOS; non-ARC Alphas use SRM console instead)
most Windows NT-capable PowerPC computers (such as the IBM RS/6000 40P).
It was predicted that Intel IA-32-based computers would adopt the ARC console, although only SGI ever marketed such machines with ARC firmware (namely, the SGI Visual Workstation series, which launched in 1999).
Comparison with UEFI
Compared to UEFI, the ARC firmware also included support for FAT, boot variables, C-calling interface. It did not include the same level of extensibility as UEFI and the same level of governance like with the UEFI Forum.
List of partially ARC compatible computers
Products complying (to some degree) with the ARC standard include these:
Alpha
DEC Multia and AlphaStation/AlphaServer
DeskStation Raptor
i386
SGI Visual Workstation
MIPS
Acer PICA
Carrera Computers, Inc Cobra R4000 and VIPER
Digital DECstation 5000
DeskStation Tyne
Microsoft Jazz
MIPS Magnum
Olivetti M700
NEC RISCstation
NeTpower Fastseries MP
SGI Indigo², Indy, Challenge, Onyx, Origin etc. Big-Endian ARCS
Siemens-Nixdorf RM200, RM300, RM400
PowerPC
IBM Personal Computer Power Series 850/830 PReP
IBM RS/6000 40P, 43P, E20, F30
Motorola PowerStack
Tangent MediaStar
References
External links
ARC on www.linux-mips.org
Computer hardware standards |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Ireland%20Funds | The Ireland Funds are a global fundraising network for people of Irish ancestry and friends of Ireland, dedicated to raising funds to support programs of peace and reconciliation, arts and culture, education and community development throughout the island of Ireland. The Funds exist in 12 countries around the world, the largest member of the network being The American Ireland Fund, and, after Atlantic Philanthropies, may be the second largest non-governmental donor to Irish causes. The global chairman of The Ireland Funds is Tony O'Reilly. They have raised over $550 million for worthy causes in Ireland and around the world.
History
The American Irish Foundation
During his visit to Ireland in 1963, United States President John F. Kennedy joined with Irish President Éamon de Valera to form The American Irish Foundation. The mission of this organization was to foster connections between Americans of Irish descent and the country of their ancestry.
The Ireland Fund
In 1976, Dr. Anthony J.F. O'Reilly (Sir Tony O'Reilly), former CEO of H.J. Heinz Co. (as well as a former Ireland rugby union player), created The Ireland Fund with friend and fellow Pittsburgh businessman Dan Rooney, owner of the Pittsburgh Steelers football team, who later served as the United States Ambassador to Ireland. With three goals, "Peace, Culture and Charity", The Ireland Fund appealed for support for Ireland and its people from all Americans, especially those of Irish descent. Rooney himself stated it was established to counter the prominent militant NORAID (Irish Northern Aid Committee), which was routinely accused of using donations to purchase weapons for the IRA. He stated it wasn't easy at first to persuade the American public already outraged at IRA atrocities to donate to the Funds: "[W]e often had to explain that we were not raising money for bombs."
Merger
On St. Patrick's Day 1987, The Ireland Fund and the American Irish Foundation led by Arthur William Bourn Vincent merged at a White House ceremony to form The American Ireland Fund. In 1988, O' Reily declared to The New York Times that the Ireland Fund was raising $4 million per year. By July 1993, the group was raising $6 million annually, holding 24 events in 12 American cities. This amount was in stark contrast to NORAID's $3.6 million donations from 1970 to 1998 and equal to the IRA's annual $2-10 million derived from criminal and legitimate activities across Ireland in the 1970s-1990s.
Chapters of The American Ireland Fund
Over the following decade, The Ireland Funds formed a thriving fundraising network of chapters in additional cities across the United States as The American Ireland Fund including Boston, Chicago, Palm Beach, New York City, Dallas, Denver, San Francisco, San Diego, Philadelphia, New Jersey and Washington D.C.
International chapters
In parallel with expansion within the USA, Ireland Funds were established in a range of countries, from Ireland itself to Canada (launched 1978), Austr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20Scheifler | Robert William Scheifler (born June 24, 1954) is an American computer scientist. He was born in Kirkwood, Missouri. He is most notable for leading the development of the X Window System from the project's inception in 1984 until the closure of the MIT X Consortium in 1996. He later
became one of the architects of the Jini architecture at Sun Microsystems.
Scheifler holds a B.S. in Mathematics and an M.S. in computer science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
References
External links
Bob Scheifler, LinkedIn
1954 births
Living people
People from Kirkwood, Missouri
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
X Window System people
Sun Microsystems people
Free software programmers
American computer programmers
American computer scientists
MIT School of Engineering alumni |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Francisco%20Zen%20Center | San Francisco Zen Center (SFZC), is a network of affiliated Sōtō Zen practice and retreat centers in the San Francisco Bay area, comprising City Center or Beginner's Mind Temple, Tassajara Zen Mountain Center, and Green Gulch Farm Zen Center. The sangha was incorporated by Shunryu Suzuki Roshi and a group of his American students in 1962. Today SFZC is the largest Sōtō organization in the West.
History
On May 23, 1959, Shunryu Suzuki (then age 55) came from Japan to San Francisco to serve as head priest of Sokoji—a Soto Zen temple then located at 1881 Bush Street in Japantown. He was joined by his wife Mitsu (also from Japan) in 1961. Sokoji—founded by Hosen Isobe in 1934—had been housed in a former Jewish synagogue that is now Kokoro Assisted Living. Upon Suzuki's arrival at Sokoji, the congregation was composed entirely of members of the Japanese-American population. Unlike many of his predecessors, Suzuki was a fluent speaker of English.
Suzuki's arrival came at the tail end of the Beat movement and just prior to the social movements of the 1960s, both of which had major roots in San Francisco. Before long, Sokoji had non-Japanese Americans — mostly beatniks— coming to the temple to sit zazen with him in the morning. Soon these Westerners participated in regular services, and new non-Asian students came to outnumber the Japanese-American congregation. This change in demography caused a rift in the Sokoji community. The tension was alleviated when Suzuki's Western students began gathering for separate services, albeit still at Sokoji, in 1961. Some of these students began calling their group City Center, and they incorporated in 1962 as the San Francisco Zen Center.
The number of practitioners at SFZC grew rapidly in the mid-sixties. Within a couple of years, Suzuki considered founding a monastery to host more intensive practice for those students who were interested. In 1966, Suzuki and Baker scouted Tassajara Hot Springs, located in Los Padres National Forest behind Big Sur, as a possible location for the envisioned monastic center. After a major fundraising effort led by Baker, Zen Center purchased the land—which contained a rundown resort and mineral springs in 1967. Tassajara Zen Mountain Center ("Zen Mind Temple" or Zenshinji) was the first Zen Buddhist monastery built in the United States, and the first in the world to allow co-ed practice.
1967 also saw the arrival of Kobun Chino Otogawa of Eiheiji, who served as assistant to Suzuki. Kobun was resident teacher at the Tassajara Zen Mountain Center until 1970. Around 1970, he began sitting regularly with a group in Santa Cruz that went on to form the Santa Cruz Zen Center. In 1971, he became resident priest at Haiku Zen Center, a practice center in Los Altos where Suzuki-roshi had been giving lectures, and soon after the sangha there grew and changed its name to Bodhi. He served as Abbot there until 1978, moving the group to Jikoji in Los Gatos, California in 1979.
Another assist |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Professionals%20%28TV%20series%29 | The Professionals is a British crime-action television drama series produced by Avengers Mark1 Productions for London Weekend Television (LWT) that aired on the ITV network from 1977 to 1983. In all, 57 episodes were produced, filmed between 1977 and 1981. It starred Martin Shaw, Lewis Collins and Gordon Jackson as agents of the fictional "CI5" (Criminal Intelligence 5, alluding to the real-life MI5 and CID).
The Professionals was created by Brian Clemens, who had been one of the driving forces behind The Avengers. The show was originally to have been called The A-Squad. Clemens and Albert Fennell were executive producers, with business partner Laurie Johnson providing the theme music. Sidney Hayers produced the first series in 1977, and Raymond Menmuir the remainder.
Overview
CI5 - or Criminal Intelligence 5, is a British law enforcement department, instructed by the Home Secretary to use any means to deal with crimes of a serious nature that go beyond the capacity of the police, but which are not tasks for the Security Service or the military.
The choice of CI5's name is inspired by CID and MI5. The premise allowed the programme-makers to involve a wide variety of villains, including terrorists, hit-men, hate groups and espionage suspects, with plots sometimes relating to the Cold War. Led by George Cowley (Gordon Jackson), CI5 is known for using unconventional and sometimes illegal methods to beat criminals, or as Cowley put it "Fight fire with fire!" The use of a fictitious force in this context was somewhat less controversial than the portrayal of the real Flying Squad in The Sweeney.
Cowley's two best agents are Ray Doyle (Martin Shaw) and William Bodie (Lewis Collins). Doyle is an ex-detective constable who has worked the seedier parts of London, while Bodie is an ex-paratrooper, mercenary and Special Air Service sergeant. Of the two, Doyle is the softer, compassionate and more thoughtful character, while Bodie is ruthless and more willing to take on criminals on their own terms. That said, Doyle is more hot-headed and tends to rush in, while Bodie waits for the shooting to start.
While polar opposites, Bodie and Doyle have a deep and enduring friendship, and are almost inseparable. Although their loyalty to Cowley is beyond question, they have no qualms about disobeying orders if it means getting the right result, either for the case or themselves.
Initially, Anthony Andrews was contracted to play Bodie, but he and Shaw did not have the chemistry that Clemens was looking for. As Shaw was deemed to have more 'screen presence', Andrews was dropped, Clemens hiring Collins in his place. Shaw and Collins had played villains in a 1977 episode of The New Avengers ("Obsession") together, and reportedly had not got on with each other. Ironically, since this was the reason Collins was brought into the production, he and Shaw became friends off-screen, although they managed to keep up the on-screen chemistry and abrasiveness of Bodie and Doyl |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARCS%20%28computing%29 | ARCS is a firmware bootloader (also known as a PROM console) used in most computers produced by SGI since the beginning of the 1990s.
The ARCS system is loosely compliant with the Advanced RISC Computing (ARC) standard, promulgated by the Advanced Computing Environment consortium in the early 1990s. In another sense, the ARC standard is based on SGI's ARCS, which was used as a basis for generating the ARC standard itself, although ARC calls for a little-endian system while ARCS system is big-endian on all MIPS-based systems. Despite various inconsistencies between the two, both SGI's ARCS implementations and the ARC standard share many commonalities (such as device naming, calling conventions, etc.).
Most of the computers which use the ARCS firmware are based on the MIPS line of microprocessors. The SGI Visual Workstation series, which is based on the Intel Pentium III, also uses ARCS. The Visual Workstation series is the only commercially produced x86-compatible system which used an ARCS firmware, rather than the traditional PC BIOS used in most Intel 386-lineage machines.
A list of product lines which use the ARCS console includes:
SGI Crimson (IP17)
SGI Indigo (R4000/R4400) (IP20)
SGI Indigo2 (and Challenge M) (IP22)
SGI Indy (and Challenge S) (IP24)
SGI Onyx (IP19/IP21/IP25)
SGI Indigo2 R8000 (IP26)
SGI Indigo2 R10000 (IP28)
SGI O2 (IP32)
SGI Octane (IP30)
SGI Origin 200 (IP27)
SGI Origin 2000 (IP27/IP31)
SGI Onyx2 (IP27/IP31)
SGI Fuel (IP35)
SGI Tezro (IP35)
SGI Origin 300 (IP35)
SGI Origin 350 (IP35)
SGI Origin 3000 (IP27/IP35)
SGI Onyx 300 (IP35)
SGI Onyx 350 (IP35)
SGI Onyx 3000 (IP27/IP35)
SGI Onyx4 (IP35)
SGI Visual Workstation models 320 and 540 (later models were BIOS-based PCs)
Boot loaders
Advanced RISC Computing |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modelling%20biological%20systems | Modelling biological systems is a significant task of systems biology and mathematical biology. Computational systems biology aims to develop and use efficient algorithms, data structures, visualization and communication tools with the goal of computer modelling of biological systems. It involves the use of computer simulations of biological systems, including cellular subsystems (such as the networks of metabolites and enzymes which comprise metabolism, signal transduction pathways and gene regulatory networks), to both analyze and visualize the complex connections of these cellular processes.
An unexpected emergent property of a complex system may be a result of the interplay of the cause-and-effect among simpler, integrated parts (see biological organisation). Biological systems manifest many important examples of emergent properties in the complex interplay of components. Traditional study of biological systems requires reductive methods in which quantities of data are gathered by category, such as concentration over time in response to a certain stimulus. Computers are critical to analysis and modelling of these data. The goal is to create accurate real-time models of a system's response to environmental and internal stimuli, such as a model of a cancer cell in order to find weaknesses in its signalling pathways, or modelling of ion channel mutations to see effects on cardiomyocytes and in turn, the function of a beating heart.
Standards
By far the most widely accepted standard format for storing and exchanging models in the field is the Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML). The SBML.org website includes a guide to many important software packages used in computational systems biology. A large number of models encoded in SBML can be retrieved from BioModels. Other markup languages with different emphases include BioPAX and CellML.
Particular tasks
Cellular model
Creating a cellular model has been a particularly challenging task of systems biology and mathematical biology. It involves the use of computer simulations of the many cellular subsystems such as the networks of metabolites, enzymes which comprise metabolism and transcription, translation, regulation and induction of gene regulatory networks.
The complex network of biochemical reaction/transport processes and their spatial organization make the development of a predictive model of a living cell a grand challenge for the 21st century, listed as such by the National Science Foundation (NSF) in 2006.
A whole cell computational model for the bacterium Mycoplasma genitalium, including all its 525 genes, gene products, and their interactions, was built by scientists from Stanford University and the J. Craig Venter Institute and published on 20 July 2012 in Cell.
A dynamic computer model of intracellular signaling was the basis for Merrimack Pharmaceuticals to discover the target for their cancer medicine MM-111.
Membrane computing is the task of modelling specifically a cell |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KCBS-TV | KCBS-TV (channel 2) is a television station in Los Angeles, California, United States, serving as the West Coast flagship of the CBS network. It is owned and operated by the network's CBS News and Stations division alongside independent outlet KCAL-TV (channel 9). Both stations share studios at the Radford Studio Center on Radford Avenue in the Studio City section of Los Angeles, while KCBS-TV's transmitter is located on the western side of Mount Wilson near Occidental Peak.
Aside from being affiliated with CBS News, since 2017, KCBS-TV has had no connection to KCBS radio (740 AM) in San Francisco. The 2017 sale to Entercom (now Audacy) of KCBS radio and KCBS-FM (93.1) in Los Angeles ended almost seven decades of co-ownership among the three stations under CBS.
History
Early years (1931–1948)
KCBS-TV is the oldest continuously operating television station in the western United States. It was signed on by Don Lee Broadcasting, which owned a chain of radio stations on the Pacific coast, and was first licensed by the Federal Radio Commission (FRC), forerunner of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), as experimental television station W6XAO in June 1931. The station went on the air on December 23, 1931, and by March 1933 was broadcasting programming one hour each day on Mondays through Saturdays. The station used a mechanical camera, which broadcast only film footage in an 80-line image, but used all-electronic receivers as early as 1932. It went off the air in 1935, and then reappeared using an improved mechanical camera producing a 300-line image in June 1936. By August 1937, W6XAO had programming six days each week, with live programming starting in April 1938.
By 1939, the station used a fully electronic system and the image quality was improved to 441 lines. At the time, an optimistic estimate of the station's viewership was 1,500 people. Many of the receiver sets were built by television hobbyists, though commercially made sets were available in Los Angeles. The station's six-day weekly schedule consisted of live talent on four nights, and films on two nights. By 1942, there were an estimated 400–500 television sets in the Los Angeles area, with Don Lee Broadcasting placing television receivers at the following public places: Wilshire Brown Derby, Kiefer's Pine Knot Drive-In, Vine Street Brown Derby, Griffith Planetarium, Miramar Hotel (Santa Monica), Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel and The Town House on Wilshire Boulevard. During World War II, programming was reduced to three hours, every other Monday. The station's frequency was switched from Channel 1 to Channel 2 in March 1946 when the FCC decided to reserve Channel 1 for low-power community television stations, before eliminating it completely. The station was granted a commercial license (the second in California, behind KTLA) as KM2XBD, but calling it KTSL, on May 6, 1948 (and officially changed the call sign to KTSL on October 9, 1950), and was named for Thomas S. Lee, the son of D |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WSVN | WSVN (channel 7) is a television station in Miami, Florida, United States, affiliated with the Fox network. It is the flagship station of locally based Sunbeam Television. WSVN's studios are located on 79th Street Causeway (SR 934) in North Bay Village (though with a Miami postal address), and its transmitter is located in Miami Gardens, Florida.
History
WCKT
WCKT first signed on the air on July 29, 1956, as WCKT. Originally operating as an NBC affiliate, it was founded by the Biscayne Television Corporation, a partnership between the Cox and Knight publishing families (from which the original call letters were derived [Cox Knight Television]), who respectively owned Miami's two major newspapers: the now-defunct Miami News and the still-operating Miami Herald. The same Cox/Knight partnership also owned WCKR radio (610 AM, now WIOD, and 97.3 FM, now WFLC). Niles Trammell, a former NBC president, held a 15 percent ownership interest in WCKT.
Before WCKT signed on, NBC programming had been carried on Fort Lauderdale's WFTL-TV (channel 23, later known as WGBS-TV after it had been acquired by Storer Broadcasting), which also held a secondary affiliation with the DuMont Television Network. However, WFTL struggled because television sets were not required to have UHF tuning capability (the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) would later require such tuners to be included in sets manufactured from 1964 onward). It did not help matters that much of the area, particularly Fort Lauderdale, got a fairly strong signal from WJNO-TV (channel 5, now WPTV) in West Palm Beach. When the Cox/Knight partnership won a construction permit and broadcast license to operate a station on VHF channel 7, NBC quickly agreed to move its affiliation to WCKT, since WCKR radio had been the longtime Miami affiliate of the NBC Blue Network (the forerunner to today's American Broadcasting Company (ABC)). Until WPST-TV (channel 10, now WPLG) signed on in August 1957, WCKT also shared ABC programming with WTVJ (channel 4), as part of an arrangement with the network to provide its programming throughout the market as television sets were not required to have UHF tuning capability at the time, preventing many in the area from receiving the market's original ABC affiliate, WITV (channel 17). Channel 23 became an independent station and eventually went dark, and later came back to the air in 1967 as WAJA-TV (it is now Univision flagship WLTV-DT).
In 1962, the Cox/Knight/Trammell partnership was stripped of its broadcast licenses due to violations of the FCC's licensing rules and ethics violations. In hearings that began in June 1960, it was found that some of the principals of Biscayne Television, as well as some of James Cox's personal friends, had made improper contact with FCC commissioner Richard Mack in order to influence the awarding of the construction permit and licenses. Biscayne had competed for the license with two other applicants, East Coast Television and South Flori |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz%20%28computer%29 | The Jazz computer architecture is a motherboard and chipset design originally developed by Microsoft for use in developing Windows NT. The design was eventually used as the basis for most MIPS-based Windows NT systems.
In part because Microsoft intended NT to be portable between various microprocessor architectures, the MIPS RISC architecture was chosen for one of the first development platforms for the NT project in the late 1980s/early 1990s. However, around 1990, the existing MIPS-based systems (such as the TURBOchannel-equipped DECstation or the SGI Indigo) varied drastically from standard Intel personal computers such as the IBM AT—for example, neither used the ISA bus so common in Intel 386-class machines.
For those and other reasons, Microsoft decided to design their own MIPS-based hardware platform on which to develop NT, which resulted in the Jazz architecture. Later, Microsoft sold this architecture design to the MIPS Computer Systems, Inc. where it became the MIPS Magnum.
The Jazz architecture includes:
a MIPS R4000/R4400 or compatible microprocessor
an EISA bus
a framebuffer for video output (the G364 framebuffer)
PS/2 connectors for mouse and keyboard
a floppy-disk controller
onboard 16-bit sound system
onboard National Semiconductor SONIC Ethernet
onboard NCR 53C9x SCSI chipset for hard disk and CD-ROM interface
standard IBM AT serial and parallel ports
IBM AT-style time-of-year clock
This design was simple enough and powerful enough that a majority of Windows NT-capable MIPS systems were based on modified versions of the Jazz architecture. A list of systems which more or less were based on Jazz includes:
MIPS Magnum (R4000 PC-50 and SC-50 versions)
Acer PICA uses S3 videocard
Olivetti M700 has different video and sound system
NEC RISCstation Jazz with PCI
The Jazz systems were designed to partially comply with the Advanced RISC Computing (ARC) standard, and each used the ARC firmware to boot Windows NT. Other operating systems were also ported to various Jazz implementations, such as RISC/os to the MIPS Magnum.
There were also some MIPS systems designed to run Windows NT and comply with the ARC standard, but nevertheless were not based on the Jazz platform:
DeskStation Tyne
NeTpower FASTseries Falcon
ShaBLAMM! NiTro-VLB
Siemens-Nixdorf RM-200, RM-300 and RM-400
External links
Linux-MIPS Jazz article
NetBSD/arc
Advanced RISC Computing
Microsoft hardware
MIPS architecture
Motherboard |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GXemul | Gavare's eXperimental Emulator (formerly known as mips64emul) is a computer architecture
emulator being developed by Anders Gavare. It is
available as free software under a revised BSD-style license.
In 2005, Gavare changed the name of the software project
from mips64emul to GXemul. This was to avoid giving the impression that the emulator
was confined to the MIPS architecture, which was the
only architecture being emulated initially.
Although development of the emulator is still a work-in-progress, since 2004 it
has been stable enough to let various unmodified guest operating systems run
as if they were running on real hardware. Currently emulated processor architectures include
ARM, MIPS, M88K, PowerPC, and SuperH.
Guest operating systems that have been verified to work inside the emulator
are NetBSD, OpenBSD, Linux, HelenOS, Ultrix, and
Sprite.
Apart from running entire guest operating systems, the emulator can also be used
for experiments on a smaller scale, such as hobby operating system
development, or it can be used as a general debugger.
Dynamic translation
GXemul's processor emulation uses dynamic translation, to convert the
emulated processor's instructions into an intermediate representation (IR).
The IR is in a format which can be executed by the host. In other words, it
should be possible to port the emulator to new host architectures with just
a recompilation; there is no need to implement a native code generation backend
for each host architecture to get it running.
See also
QEMU
SIMH
PearPC
Bochs
Comparison of platform virtualization software
External links
The GXemul homepage
NetBSD's Emulator page
Free emulation software
Multi-emulators
PowerPC emulators |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SGI%20Visual%20Workstation | SGI Visual Workstation is a series of workstation computers that are designed and manufactured by SGI. Unlike its other product lines, which used the 64-bit MIPS RISC architecture, the line used Intel Pentium II and III processors and shipped with Windows NT 4.0 or Windows 2000 as its operating system in lieu of IRIX. However, the Visual Workstation 320 and 540 models deviated from the architecture of IBM-compatible PCs by using SGI's ARCS firmware instead of a traditional BIOS, internal components adapted from its MIPS-based products, and other proprietary components that made them incompatible with internal hardware designed for standard PCs and hence unable to run other versions of Microsoft Windows, especially Windows 9x. By contrast, the remaining models in the line are standard PCs, using VIA Technologies chipsets, Nvidia video cards, and standard components.
Computer architecture
There are two series of the Visual Workstations. All are based on Intel processors; the first series (320 and 540) used SGI's ARCloader PROM and Cobalt video chipset, the remainder are essentially standard PCs.
The 320 and 540 use a Unified Memory Architecture (UMA) memory system. This shares the video and system memory and runs them at the same speed, and allows for up to 80 percent of the system ram to be applied to video memory. The allocation is static, however, and is adjusted via a profile. The 320 and 540 also use the onboard Cobalt video adapter, which is SGI's proprietary graphics chipset. The firmware used in these systems is a PROM that enables booting into a graphical subsystem before the OS was loaded. In this regard they resemble the Irix/MIPS line of SGI computers such as the SGI O2.
The 320 and 540 also stand out for having FireWire (IEEE 1394) ports, onboard composite/S-video capture, and USB keyboards and mice. They differ from each other in that the 320 is dual Pentium II/III-capable with 1GB maximum system RAM, while the 540 is quad Pentium III Xeon-capable with 2GB maximum system RAM. Both computers use a proprietary DIMM module that is essentially the same as ECC SDRAM PC-100, but in a package one-half normal size. The maximum memory per module is 96MB, and the SGI 320 has twelve memory slots. The FireWire ports that are built into the 320 never functioned. SGI distributed Orange Micro FireWire cards about a year after production commenced, in lieu of fixing the FireWire ports.
Both the 320 and 540 are further limited by having PCI slots (albeit two 66 MHz and one 33 MHz slot) that operated at 3.3V, out of step with the 5v slots used by most manufacturers. This limits the number of accessories that can be added.
The other Visual Workstations are built to compete with the new Intel processor based workstations that are considerably cheaper than SGI's line of MIPS workstations. They are little more than standard PCs, and use many parts that are also available in the aftermarket.
Operating system
The 320 and 540 Visual Workstations shipp |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class%20of%20service | Class of service (COS or CoS) is a parameter used in data and voice protocols to differentiate the types of payloads contained in the packet being transmitted. The objective of such differentiation is generally associated with assigning priorities to the data payload or access levels to the telephone call.
Data services
As related to network technology, COS is a 3-bit field that is present in an Ethernet frame header when 802.1Q VLAN tagging is present. The field specifies a priority value between 0 and 7, more commonly known as CS0 through CS7, that can be used by quality of service (QoS) disciplines to differentiate and shape/police network traffic.
COS operates only on 802.1Q VLAN Ethernet at the data link layer (layer 2), while other QoS mechanisms (such as DiffServ, also known as DSCP) operate at the IP network layer (layer 3) or use a local QoS tagging system that does not modify the actual packet, such as Cisco's "QoS-Group".
Network devices (i.e. routers, switches, etc.) can be configured to use existing COS values on incoming packets from other devices (trust mode), or can rewrite the COS value to something completely different. Most Internet Service Providers do not trust incoming QoS markings from their customers, so COS is generally limited to use within an organization's intranet.
Service providers offering private-line WAN services will typically offer services which can utilize COS/QoS.
Voice services
As related to legacy telephone systems, COS is often used to define the permissions an extension will have on a PBX or Centrex. Certain groups of users may have a need for extended voicemail message retention while another group may need the ability to forward calls to a cell phone, and still others have no need to make calls outside the office. Permissions for a group of extensions can be changed by modifying a COS variable applied to the entire group.
COS is also used on trunks to define if they are full-duplex, incoming only, or outgoing only.
Classification of service
The term can be used generically to refer to the classification of network traffic within network equipment based on packet inspection. Cisco implements such classification through either access-lists or Network-Based Application Recognition (NBAR). NBAR works with the existing QoS system.
References
"Deploying IP and MPLS QoS for Multiservice Networks: Theory and Practice" by John Evans, Clarence Filsfils (Morgan Kaufmann, 2007, )
Supporting differentiated classes of service in Ethernet passive optical networks, Glen Kramer, Biswanath Mukherjee, Sudhir Dixit, Yinghua Ye and Ryan Hirth
Teletraffic
Network architecture
Telephone exchanges |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SGI%20Indigo | The Indigo, introduced as the IRIS Indigo, is a line of workstation computers developed and manufactured by Silicon Graphics, Inc. (SGI). SGI first announced the system in July 1991.
The Indigo is considered one of the most capable graphics workstations of its era, and was essentially peerless in the realm of hardware-accelerated three-dimensional graphics rendering. For use as a graphics workstation, the Indigo was equipped with a two-dimensional framebuffer or, for use as a 3D graphics workstation, with the Elan graphics subsystem including one to four Geometry Engines (GEs). SGI sold a server version with no video adapter.
The Indigo's design is based on a simple cube motif in indigo hue. Graphics and other peripheral expansions are accomplished via the GIO32 expansion bus.
The Indigo was superseded generally by the SGI Indigo2, and in the low-cost market segment by the SGI Indy.
Technical specifications
The first Indigo model (code-named Hollywood) was introduced on July 22, 1991. It is based on the IP12 processor board, which contains a 32-bit MIPS R3000A microprocessor soldered on the board and proprietary memory slots supporting up to 96 MB of RAM.
The later version (code-named Blackjack) is based on the IP20 processor board, which has a removable processor module (PM1 or PM2) containing a 64-bit MIPS R4000 (100 MHz) or R4400 processor (100 MHz or 150 MHz) that implements the MIPS-III instruction set. The IP20 uses standard 72-pin SIMMs with parity, and has 12 SIMM slots for a total of 384 MB of RAM at maximum.
A Motorola 56000 DSP is used for Audio IO, giving it 4-channel 16-bit audio. Ethernet is supported on board by the SEEQ 80C03 chipset coupled with the HPC (High-performance Peripheral Controller), which provides the DMA engine. The HPC interfaces primarily between the GIO bus and the Ethernet, SCSI (WD33C93 chipset) and the 56000 DSP. The GIO bus interface is implemented by the PIC (Processor Interface Controller) on IP12 and MC (Memory Controller) on IP20.
Much of the hardware design can be traced back to the SGI IRIS 4D/3x series, which shared the same memory controller, Ethernet, SCSI, and optionally DSP as the IP12 Indigo. The 4D/30, 4D/35 and Indigo R3000 are all considered IP12 machines and run the same IRIX kernel. The Indigo R3000 is effectively a reduced cost 4D/35 without a VME bus. The PIC supports a VME expansion bus (used on the 4D/3x series) and GIO expansion slots (used on the Indigo). In all IP12, IP20, and IP22/IP24 (see SGI Indigo2) systems the HPC attached to the GIO bus.
Graphics options
Entry graphics
For entry graphics, the 8-bit color frame buffer comes in three versions. One version uses the system's GIO expansion bus. Another uses the main backplane like the XS, XZ, and Elan graphics options. The final is the same, but adds a second video output, giving the computer the ability to have two "heads", or monitors.
XS Graphics
The Indigo's XS Graphics option has a single GE7 Geometry Engine (GE |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCR%2053C9x | The NCR 53C9x is a family of application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) produced by the former NCR Corporation and others for implementing the SCSI (small computer standard interface) bus protocol in hardware and relieving the host system of the work required to sequence the SCSI bus. The 53C9x was a low-cost solution and was therefore widely adopted by OEMs in various motherboard and peripheral device designs. The original 53C90 lacked direct memory access (DMA) capability, an omission that was addressed in the 53C90A and subsequent versions.
The 53C90(A) and later 53C94 supported the ANSI X3.l3I-I986 SCSI-1 protocol, implementing the eight bit parallel SCSI bus and eight bit host data bus transfers. The 53CF94 and 53CF96 added SCSI-2 support and implemented larger transfer sizes per SCSI transaction. Additionally, the 53CF96 could be interfaced to a single-ended bus or a high voltage differential (HVD) bus, the latter which supported long bus cables. All members of the 53C94/96 type support both eight and 16 bit host bus transfers via programmed input/output (PIO) and DMA.
QLogic FAS216 and Emulex ESP100 chips are a drop-in replacement for the NCR 53C94. The 53C90A and 53C(F)94/96 were also produced under license by Advanced Micro Devices (AMD).
A list of systems which included the 53C9x controller includes:
53C94
Sun Microsystems SPARCstations and the SPARCclassic
DEC 3000 AXP
DECstations and the PMAZ-A TURBOchannel card
VAXstation model 60, 4000-m90
MIPS Magnum
Power Macintosh G3; often used as a secondary SCSI controller with MESH (Macintosh Enhanced SCSI Hardware) as the primary
MacroSystem's Evolution family for Amiga (FAS216)
53C96
Macintosh Quadra 650
Macintosh LC475/Quadra 605/Performa 475
Macintosh Quadra 900 and 950
See also
NCR 5380
References
SCSI
Integrated circuits
NCR Corporation products |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HGTV%20Dream%20Home | The HGTV Dream Home is the American cable network Home & Garden Television (HGTV)'s annual project house and sweepstakes, held since 1997. The sweepstakes commences with a January 1 television special showcasing the fully furnished, custom-built home valued in excess of one million dollars; viewers are invited to enter online. The 2012 contest drew over 81 million entries.
Starting with the 2004 Dream Home in St. Marys, Georgia, public tours have been offered, with some of the ticket proceeds going to local charitable groups. The 2012 proceeds went to the Make-A-Wish Foundation of Utah.
Most of the Dream Home winners have sold their prizes, largely because of the accompanying property tax bills, and as of 2006, only two winners had lived in their houses. 2005 winner Don Cruz initially planned to keep the house, located on Lake Tyler, after having his plan to rent out the dockhouse and master bedroom suite on a nightly basis rejected by Tyler, Texas's city government; however, he decided to sell after receiving tax forms showing the house had a higher value than he originally thought.
Dream Home locations
1997 - Jackson, Wyoming
1998 - Beaufort, South Carolina
1999 - Rosemary Beach, Florida
2000 - Nehalem, Oregon
2001 - Camden, Maine
2002 - Sherwood, Maryland
2003 - Mexico Beach, Florida
2004 - St. Marys, Georgia
2005 - Tyler, Texas
2006 - Lake Lure, North Carolina
2007 - Winter Park, Colorado
2008 - Islamorada, Florida
2009 - Sonoma, California
2010 - Sandia Park, New Mexico
2011 - Stowe, Vermont
2012 - Midway, Utah
2013 - Kiawah Island, South Carolina
2014 - Truckee, California
2015 - Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts
2016 - Merritt Island, Florida
2017 - St. Simons, Georgia
2018 - Gig Harbor, Washington
2019 - Whitefish, Montana
2020 - Hilton Head Island, South Carolina
2021 - Portsmouth, Rhode Island
2022 - Warren, Vermont
2023 - Morrison, Colorado
Source:
References
External links
Home & Garden Television
Subzero.com: Kitchen Galleries of Past HGTV Dream Homes
Previous Winners of the HGTV Dream Home
Dream Home Central
See also
Home to Win (HGTV Canada)
Home Free (2015 TV series) (Fox TV USA)
HGTV original programming
Housing in the United States
1997 establishments in the United States |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xsan | Xsan () is Apple Inc.'s storage area network (SAN) or clustered file system for macOS. Xsan enables multiple Mac desktop and Xserve systems to access shared block storage over a Fibre Channel network. With the Xsan file system installed, these computers can read and write to the same storage volume at the same time. Xsan is a complete SAN solution that includes the metadata controller software, the file system client software, and integrated setup, management and monitoring tools.
Xsan has all the normal features to be expected in an enterprise shared disk file system, including support for large files and file systems, multiple mounted file systems, metadata controller failover for fault tolerance, and support for multiple operating systems.
Interoperability
Xsan is based on the StorNext File System made by Quantum Corporation. The StorNext File System and the Xsan file system share the same file system layout and the same protocol when talking to the metadata server. They also seem to share a common code base or very close development based on the new features developed for both file systems.
The Xsan website claims complete interoperability with the StorNext File System: "And because Xsan is completely interoperable with Quantum’s StorNext File System, you can even provide clients on Windows, Linux, and other UNIX platforms with direct Fibre Channel block-level access to the data in your Xsan-managed storage pool."
Quantum Corporation claims: "Complete interoperability with Apple’s Xsan and Promise RAID and Allows Xsan and Xserve RAID to support AIX, HP-UX, IRIX, Red Hat Linux, SuSE Linux, Mac OS X, Solaris, and Windows clients, including support for 64 Bit Windows and Windows Vista."
Some of the command line tools for Xsan begin with the letters cv, which stand for CentraVision – the original name for the file system. XSan clients use TCP ports 49152–65535, with TCP/63146 frequently showing in log files.
Data representation
Xsan file system uses several logical storages to distribute information. The two main classes of information appear on Xsan: the user data (such as files) and the file system metadata (such as folders, file names, file allocation information and so on). Most configurations use different storages for data and metadata.
The file system supports dynamic expansion and distribution of both data and metadata areas.
History
On January 4, 2005, Apple announced shipping of Xsan.
In May 2006, Apple released Xsan 1.2 with support for volume sizes of nearly 2 petabytes.
On August 7, 2006, Apple announced Xsan 1.4, which is available for Intel-based Macintosh computers as a Universal binary and supports file system access control lists.
On December 5, 2006, Apple released Xsan 1.4.1.
On October 18, 2007, Apple released Xsan 1.4.2, which resolves several reliability and compatibility issues.
On February 19, 2008, Apple released Xsan 2, the first major update, which introduces MultiSAN, and completely redesigned administr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AdeptXBBS | AdeptXBBS was a BBS originally written explicitly for the OS/2 operating system in 1994. At that time the BBS sub-culture was at its height, and the Internet was emerging. As a result, the authors wrote this system to compete with the many DOS based BBS systems available in commercial markets; however, AdeptXBBS boasted built-in internet gateways, built-in FidoNet capability, and native modern operating system support as differentiating features.
AdeptXBBS was based on XBBS by Mark Kimes and was licensed by AdeptSoft of Boca Raton, Florida. AdeptSoft was composed of John Lawlor (financial backer), and programmers Steven Tower, Gordon Zeglinski, and John Morris (who was remotely based in Nevada).
While AdeptXBBS was completed with much of the functionality, features, and performance promised, the product never reached the popularity that the authors hoped. In particular the Internet came into wide use, and lower-than expected revenue meant AdeptSoft could no longer make its planned royalty payments to Mark Kimes. The software was subsequently discontinued.
John Lawlor co-founded EmailChannel.com, an early ESP (Email Service Provider), in 1995.
The true author of XBBS was Sanford Zelkovitz Ph.D.
XBBS Source code available here:
References
Bulletin board system software |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retargeting | In software engineering, retargeting is an attribute of software development tools that have been specifically designed to generate code for more than one computing platform.
Compilers
A retargetable compiler is a compiler that has been designed to be relatively easy to modify to generate code for different CPU instruction set architectures. The history of this idea dates back to the 1950s when UNCOL was proposed as the universal intermediate language. The Pascal P-compiler is an example of an early widely used retargetable compiler.
The cost of producing a retargetable compiler that generates code of similar quality to a non-retargetable compiler (i.e., one designed to only ever produce code for a single processor) is higher because it is not possible to make use of cpu specific details throughout all phases of compilation. The benefits of a retargetable compiler is that the total cost over multiple CPUs is much lower than the combined cost of many individual non-targetable compilers.
Some retargetable compilers, e.g., GCC, became so widely ported and developed that they now include support for many optimizations and machine specific details that the quality of code often surpasses that of non-retargetable compilers on many CPUs.
A general-purpose global optimizer followed by machine-specific peephole optimization is a commonly used implementation technique. The optimization of code for some high performance processors requires a detailed and specific knowledge of the architecture and how the instructions are executed. Unless developers invest the large amount of time necessary to write a code generator specifically for an architecture, the optimizations performed by a retargetable compiler will only be those applicable to generic processor characteristics.
A retargetable compiler is a kind of cross compiler.
Often (but not always) a retargetable compiler is portable (the compiler itself can run on several different CPUs) and self-hosting.
Examples of retargetable compilers:
GCC
ACK
lcc
VBCC
Portable C Compiler
SDCC
LLVM
The Small-C compiler
MPG, the "machine-independent efficient microprogram generator"
Decompiler
retdec ("Retargetable Decompiler") is an open source retargetable machine-code decompiler based on LLVM.
The decompiler is not limited to any particular target architecture, operating system, or executable file format:
Supported file formats: ELF, PE, Mach-O, COFF, AR (archive), Intel HEX, and raw machine code.
Supported architectures (currently 32bit only): Intel x86, ARM, MIPS, PIC32, and PowerPC.
Assemblers
Conversely, retargetable assemblers are capable of generating object files of different formats, which is useful in porting assembly language programs to various operating systems that run on the same CPU architecture (such as Windows and Linux on the x86 platform). NASM is one such assembler.
Further reading
A Retargetable C Compiler: Design and Implementation ()
References
External links
LANCE compiler we |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesbian%20Connection | Lesbian Connection (LC) is an American grassroots network forum publication "for, by and about lesbians". Founded in 1974 by the lesbian-feminist collective Ambitious Amazons "to address the lack of safe, reliable, and targeted information channels for lesbian groups and individuals", it is the longest-running periodical for lesbians in the United States. LC is run by the Elsie Publishing Institute, a Michigan-based 501(c)(3) nonprofit corporation. In 2021, its total revenue was $1,412,061.
Lesbian Connection is published bimonthly and although it has a suggested yearly subscription, it is notable for offering it on a sliding scale basis (asking for flexible donations based on each subscriber's ability to pay). LC is made available to incarcerated women, and mailed free of charge upon request to those unable to make a financial contribution.
A unique aspect of LC is the fact that its content is largely submitted by its readers. News and announcements of interest to the lesbian community include current affairs, places to live, travel, women's music festivals, womyn's land, special events, gatherings, reviews, and obituaries. It features special topics, reprints of the comic strip Dykes to Watch Out For, and an annual "Contact Dykes" directory of national and international lesbians who volunteer to provide information about their local areas to lesbian visitors. It does not publish fiction, personal ads, or requests for pen pals.
In 2014, LC received the "Jeanine Rae Award for the Advancement of Women's Culture" by Women in the Arts Inc., the non-profit organization responsible for the annual National Women's Music Festival.
Lesbian Connection has been instrumental in the building of national spiritual, political and social networks for lesbians.
See also
List of lesbian periodicals
List of lesbian periodicals in the United States
References
Further reading
External links
Lesbian Connection at JSTOR
1974 establishments in Michigan
1974 in LGBT history
Magazines established in 1974
Feminist magazines
Lesbian culture
Lesbian-related magazines
Lesbian separatism
LGBT in Michigan
Magazines published in Michigan
Women in Michigan
Bimonthly magazines published in the United States
Feminism in the United States
Lesbian history in the United States
LGBT-related magazines published in the United States
Women's magazines published in the United States
East Lansing, Michigan |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-Environment%20Real-Time | Multi-Environment Real-Time (MERT), later renamed UNIX Real-Time (UNIX-RT), is a hybrid time-sharing and real-time operating system developed in the 1970s at Bell Labs for use in embedded minicomputers (especially PDP-11s). A version named Duplex Multi Environment Real Time (DMERT) was the operating system for the AT&T 3B20D telephone switching minicomputer, designed for high availability; DMERT was later renamed Unix RTR (Real-Time Reliable).
A generalization of Bell Labs' time-sharing operating system Unix,
MERT featured a redesigned, modular kernel that was able to run Unix programs and privileged real-time computing processes. These processes' data structures were isolated from other processes with message passing being the preferred form of interprocess communication (IPC), although shared memory was also implemented. MERT also had a custom file system with special support for large, contiguous, statically sized files, as used in real-time database applications. The design of MERT was influenced by Dijkstra's THE, Hansen's Monitor, and IBM's CP-67.
The MERT operating system was a four-layer design, in decreasing order of protection:
Kernel: resource allocation of memory, CPU time and interrupts
Kernel-mode processes including input/output (I/O) device drivers, file manager, swap manager, root process that connects the file manager to the disk (usually combined with the swap manager)
Operating system supervisor
User processes
The standard supervisor was MERT/UNIX, a Unix emulator with an extended system call interface and shell that enabled the use of MERT's custom IPC mechanisms, although an RSX-11 emulator also existed.
Kernel and non-kernel processes
One interesting feature that DMERT – UNIX-RTR introduced was the notion of kernel processes. This is connected with its microkernelish architecture roots. In support, there is a separate command (/bin/kpkill) rather than (/bin/kill), that is used to send signals to kernel processes. It is likely there are two different system calls also (kill(2) and kpkill(2), the first to end a user process and the second to end a kernel process). It is unknown how much of the normal userland signaling mechanism is in place in /bin/kpkill, assuming there is a system call for it, it is not known if one can send various signals or simply send one. Also unknown is whether the kernel process has a way of catching the signals that are delivered to it. It may be that the UNIX-RTR developers implemented an entire signal and messaging application programming interface (API) for kernel processes.
File system bits
If one has root on a UNIX-RTR system, they will surely soon find that their ls -l output is a bit different than expected. Namely, there are two completely new bits in the drwxr-xr-x field. They both take place in the first column, and are C (contiguous) and x (extents). Both of these have to do with contiguous data, however one may be to do with inodes and the other with non-metadata.
Example ls |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weka%20%28disambiguation%29 | The weka is a species of New Zealand bird.
Weka may also refer to:
Weka (machine learning), a suite of machine learning software written at the University of Waikato
Weka, an unofficial unit prefix
WEKA-LD, a low-power television station (channel 26, virtual 41) licensed to serve Canton, Ohio, United States |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary%20data | Binary data is data whose unit can take on only two possible states. These are often labelled as 0 and 1 in accordance with the binary numeral system and Boolean algebra.
Binary data occurs in many different technical and scientific fields, where it can be called by different names including bit (binary digit) in computer science, truth value in mathematical logic and related domains and binary variable in statistics.
Mathematical and combinatoric foundations
A discrete variable that can take only one state contains zero information, and is the next natural number after 1. That is why the bit, a variable with only two possible values, is a standard primary unit of information.
A collection of bits may have states: see binary number for details. Number of states of a collection of discrete variables depends exponentially on the number of variables, and only as a power law on number of states of each variable. Ten bits have more () states than three decimal digits (). bits are more than sufficient to represent an information (a number or anything else) that requires decimal digits, so information contained in discrete variables with 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10... states can be ever superseded by allocating two, three, or four times more bits. So, the use of any other small number than 2 does not provide an advantage.
Moreover, Boolean algebra provides a convenient mathematical structure for collection of bits, with a semantic of a collection of propositional variables. Boolean algebra operations are known as "bitwise operations" in computer science. Boolean functions are also well-studied theoretically and easily implementable, either with computer programs or by so-named logic gates in digital electronics. This contributes to the use of bits to represent different data, even those originally not binary.
In statistics
In statistics, binary data is a statistical data type consisting of categorical data that can take exactly two possible values, such as "A" and "B", or "heads" and "tails". It is also called dichotomous data, and an older term is quantal data. The two values are often referred to generically as "success" and "failure". As a form of categorical data, binary data is nominal data, meaning the values are qualitatively different and cannot be compared numerically. However, the values are frequently represented as 1 or 0, which corresponds to counting the number of successes in a single trial: 1 (success) or 0 (failure); see .
Often, binary data is used to represent one of two conceptually opposed values, e.g.:
the outcome of an experiment ("success" or "failure")
the response to a yes–no question ("yes" or "no")
presence or absence of some feature ("is present" or "is not present")
the truth or falsehood of a proposition ("true" or "false", "correct" or "incorrect")
However, it can also be used for data that is assumed to have only two possible values, even if they are not conceptually opposed or conceptually represent all possible |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davfs2 | In computer networking davfs2 is a Linux tool for connecting to WebDAV shares as though they were local disks. It is an open-source GPL-licensed file system for mounting WebDAV servers. It uses the FUSE file system API to communicate with the kernel and the neon WebDAV library for communicating with the web server.
Applications
davfs2 is e.g. used with the Apache web server, and Subversion installations.
See also
WebDAV
FUSE
References
External links
(old resources)
Free special-purpose file systems
Userspace file systems
Network file systems |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War%20of%20the%20Monsters | War of the Monsters is a fighting video game developed by Incognito Entertainment and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 2. Santa Monica Studio assisted on development, The game was released on the PlayStation 2 in January 2003 in North America and in April in Europe. An emulated and upscaled version was re-released on the PlayStation 4 in December 2015.
The game is set in the aftermath of an alien invasion of Earth where their hazardous fuels have spawned giant monsters that battle one another in city environments. The game pays homage to kaiju films and 1950's science fiction films.
Gameplay
In War of the Monsters, players take the roles of large monsters in city environments. The game plays as a fighting game yet works differently from the traditional one-on-one structured rounds. Instead, fights can include up to 4 monsters in a four-way simultaneous fighting structure. The camera is in third person perspective, allowing the player to focus solely on their character.
Monsters have two status bars in each game, health and stamina. Like the standard fighting game formula, every time a monster takes damage, their overall Health bar drops until it is completely depleted, resulting in player defeat. Stamina determines how much energy a monster can attack with. The bar drops if a monster picks up another foe or performs a ranged attack. If the bar is full, a monster can perform special attacks, whereas if the bar is completely drained, they become temporarily unable to use basic attacks (they can still throw and attack with items however, which adds energy to the bar and helps an empty bar recover faster).
Also unlike most fighting games, players are allowed to roam freely within the city area, which allows climbing of jumping from buildings and cliffs. Monsters can use the environment to deal out damage to their foes by making weapons of various objects found within the city, such as vehicles and rubble as projectiles, steel girders and stone columns as clubs and radio antennae as a spear to impale others, temporarily stunning them. There are also some environment pick-ups, which can increase health or stamina, appearing as green or blue orbs and floating radioactive signs. Buildings can be destroyed if a monster directly attacks or is thrown into it. In some cities, taller buildings can topple over sideways that can crush other monsters, killing them instantly.
In the Adventure mode, along with a series of set fights with other monsters, boss battles are also present. They are much larger than the standard playable monsters and required certain strategies to defeat. "Tokens" can also be earned through Adventure mode, which can be spent at the "Unlocks" shop to unlock more cities, monsters, and monster skins. And you also can unlock mini-games like dodge ball or city destruction.
Multiplayer options allow two players via split-screen, which can be set to merge into one screen when both players are close enough to fi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CISA-DT | CISA-DT (channel 7) is a television station in Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada, part of the Global Television Network. Owned and operated by network parent Corus Entertainment, the station maintains studios inside the Royal Bank building at the corner of 7 Street South and 4 Avenue South in Downtown Lethbridge, and its transmitter is located near Highway 25 and Range Road 221, just outside the city.
The station carries the full Global network schedule, and its programming is similar to sister station CICT-DT in Calgary. It is the smallest station in the Global network (formerly second to the defunct Shaw-owned affiliate CJBN-TV in Kenora, Ontario) and is the only standalone commercial station in Southern Alberta.
History
As CJLH-TV
The station first signed on the air on November 20, 1955 as CJLH-TV, broadcasting on VHF channel 7 from a 167,000-watt transmitter atop a tower located at what was the city limits of Lethbridge. The station was a joint venture between local radio station CJOC (the "CJ" in the call sign) and the Lethbridge Herald (the "LH"). It was managed by CJOC's owners, Taylor Pearson & Carson, and began life as an affiliate of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's (CBC) television network. Network programs on kinescope arrived within a few days to a week after they went to air live in Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, or the U.S. networks. Three months after CJLH went to air, measurement services showed that the station had a potential audience of 9,400 homes, but within a year, that grew to 19,200, and of those, 16,000 had bought television sets. At the time, CJLH was the only station in the Lethbridge area.
Local programming at the time included local newscasts; Channel 7 Spotlight, showcasing area talent; Remember When, a series of programs hosted by Harry Baalim using slides, pictures and relics to tell the history of Southern Alberta; and Home Gardener, featuring many experts in the field demonstrating proper horticultural technique. These programs (along with several others) earned the station many awards, including seven awards from Liberty magazine in the 1950s and 1960s.
In 1958, the timeshifting problems the station had with network programming were eliminated when it was able to get a direct microwave link to the CBC network via its Calgary time-delay centre. The problem still existed for live sports events, such as NHL hockey and CFL football telecasts. In 1961, CJLH expanded into the Crowsnest Pass area, by opening a repeater station at Burmis on channel 3. An application from CFCN-TV in Calgary to open a repeater station in Lethbridge was unsuccessful in getting CRTC approval that year.
However, a year later in 1968, an agreement was reached between CFCN and CJLH to share space on the CJLH tower and building for technical equipment. On September 3, CFCN went on the air with a repeater station on channel 13. That same year, the station's first 2-inch black and white videotape recorder was installed, and a repeater in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSSE | NSSE may refer to:
Network Security Systems Europe (United Kingdom)
National Special Security Event (United States)
National Survey of Student Engagement
See also
NSE (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMD%2085 | The PMD 85 is an 8-bit personal computer produced since 1985 by the companies Tesla Piešťany and Tesla Bratislava in the former Czechoslovakia.
The production was local, due to a lack of foreign currency for purchasing systems from the West.
They were deployed en masse in schools throughout Slovakia, while the IQ 151 performed a similar role in the Czech part of the country. The first Czechoslovak video games were created on the PMD 85 (other platforms were ZX Spectrum and Atari).
Several variants were developed (PMD 85-0, PMD 85, PMD 85-2, PMD 85-2A, PMD 85-3), with slightly different specifications and compatibility.
In 1986 compatible machines were introduced by Didaktik: Didaktik Alfa 1 (a PMD 85-1 clone) and Didaktik Alfa 2 ( a PMD 85-2 clone). Didaktik Beta was a slightly improved Didaktik Alfa, having almost identical hardware. Didaktik Alfa and Beta were mostly deployed in schools to replace older PMD 85 computers.
After the Velvet Revolution of 1989 the computer market opened. The PMD 85 was not competitive in terms of quality or features to foreign machines and production stopped.
The PMD 85-2 was an inspiration for the MAŤO personal computer, released in 1989 as a self-assembly kit. It had different hardware and very limited compatibility - BASIC, memory structure and I/O were almost similar, but the tape format was different. It was intended as a home computer, but never really caught on.
The same year ZBA, a company from Brno, introduced the Consul 2717, another PMD 85-2 clone, sold to schools. Production of this machined ended in 1990.
Variants
The PMD 85-0, a prototype produced by Tesla Piešťany (author was Roman Kišš), was originally in a white-coloured case and later in some other colours. It is quite rare today.
The PMD 85, produced by Tesla Piešťany since 1985, was known as the PMD 85 or PMD 85-1. It was made with a dark gray case, and was known for its keyboards with extremely tough keys. Alphanumeric keys were evaluated at the moment of a key release.
The PMD 85-2, produced by Tesla Piešťany since 1986, introduced some improvements in BASIC, some in input routines (for instance, key autorepeat), a more ergonomic keyboard (but less mechanically reliable) and also terminal mode. Some of the changes caused it to be not completely backward compatible.
The PMD 85-2A, produced by Tesla Bratislava since 1987, used 64 Kib RAM chips instead of 48 Kib, leading to less overheating of the memory chips, resulting in more memory available for BASIC, but was otherwise compatible with PMD 85-2.
The PMD 85-3, produced by Tesla Bratislava since 1988, added colour TV output. Character encoding included all Czech and Slovak characters, and a Cyrillic version was also produced. System memory was enlarged to 8 KiB and monitor included routines for communication with PMD 32 floppy disk assembly, a ROM integrity test and also "PMD 85-2 compatibility mode" by relocation.
Specifications
MHB8080A 2.048MHz CPU (clone of Intel 8080)
4 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salem%20Radio%20Network | Salem Radio Network is a United States-based radio network that specializes in syndicated Christian political talk, music, and conservative secular news/talk programming. It is a division of the Salem Media Group.
Network information
Salem Radio Network was launched in 2009, and operates on mostly four radio formats: Christian talk and teaching (transmitted on AM in some areas and on FM in others), Contemporary Christian music (transmitted mostly on FM stations), conservative News/Talk format (transmitted on AM stations), and Christian Teaching (transmitted on AM stations).
Contemporary Christian Music is transmitted full-time on most stations, but in areas where Salem has a limited number of stations it is transmitted only part-time in morning and afternoon drive times on weekdays and weekend afternoons. Where Salem only has one FM station (WAVA-FM in Washington, D.C., and WORD-FM in Pittsburgh), CCM is transmitted on weekends, with talk and teaching on weekdays. Most CCM stations play music full-time and do not sell blocks of time to religious organizations except sometimes on Sunday mornings.
Christian Talk, comprising talk shows where listeners call in and participate in the show, is transmitted during weekdays in some areas, and only in drive times in others. The rest of the day is filled with blocks of time ranging from a few minutes to an hour sold to churches and Christian organizations.
Conservative Talk (branded in most markets as "The Answer" since 2014) transmits full-time on a commercial basis. These stations only sell advertisement time, not blocks of time like Christian Talk counterparts (though brokered programming may be offered on weekends as secular stations often do). Some of these stations have religious programs on Sunday mornings.
The teaching format relies on selling blocks of time to organizations full-time. These stations offer diverse religious features such as church services, political and religious interview features, Christian family life programs, and children's shows. Music (exclusively Christian) is only transmitted by a few of these stations at times during the weekend.
Programming
The company's Salem Radio Network subsidiary produces several talk radio shows and a 24-hour news service that are distributed to more than 2,000 radio affiliates around the country.
Daily
Hugh Hewitt
Mike Gallagher
Dennis Prager
Sebastian Gorka
Brandon Tatum
Charlie Kirk
Eric Metaxas
Cal Thomas (short-form commentary)
Lou Dobbs (short-form commentary)
Jerry Stewart's One Moment in America (short-form commentary)
Weekends
Mark Davis
Townhall.com Weekend Journal and Townhall.com Week in Review
Bill Gaither's Homecoming
The Dirt Doctor with Howard Garrett
Big Billy Kinder Outdoors
Armed American Radio
The Forever Young Radio Show
The World and Everything in It
Steve Brown Etc.
The Christian Outlook
EggMan Ronnie James (multiple shows) (limited syndication)
William Bennett is a designated fill-in host. B |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WYOO | WYOO (101.1 FM, "Talk Radio 101") is a commercial radio station located in Springfield, Florida, broadcasting to the Panama City, Florida, area. WYOO airs talk radio programming.
History
WYOO began broadcasting on December 1, 1993 on 101.3 MHz as an extension of WLTG, and was branded as such (it was marketed as WLTG-FM). The station's frequency was changed to 101.1 MHz in December 1996.
Styles Media (now Magic Broadcasting) purchased WYOO in 1996. At that time the station was operating in a small room on the second floor of the Nationwide Fitness Building. The station was moved into its current building on 23rd street which also housed two of other radio stations.
Talk Radio was operating at low power and the signal was carried by a telephone line in mono. The sales people had to work out of their cars. There was no office.
Styles Media applied to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and received approval to upgrade the signal. WYOO bought a new transmitter, built a new tower and studio and added new programming.
In August 1998, a live morning show was put on the air, and the station carried the live simulcast of Channel 7 at that time from 5 to 5:30 pm.
Talk Radio 101 was nominated for Talk Station of the Year that year and also had record ratings and revenue.
In February 2000, the radio station was sold to NextMedia, a company from Colorado. Under the branding of "101.1 FM/The Buzz", the format was changed from a conservative one to a "liberal/hot" talk format. Shows like Liz Wilde, Tom Leykis, and Bob and Sherri were brought in, and the conservative shows that Styles Media had were cancelled. The ratings plummeted.
Seeking to revamp the schedule, NextMedia hired a new program director and morning show host, Doc Washburn. He quickly added several popular talk shows to the lineup, dropping G. Gordon Liddy in favor of Mike Gallagher and adding Clark Howard and Sean Hannity (who replaced Dr. Laura Schlesinger) to the lineup. Michael Savage had already been put on WYOO when Washburn took over. Washburn was eventually able to talk station management into adding Neal Boortz to the lineup.
In June 2002, NextMedia, offered to sell WYOO and its sister stations back to Styles Media. In April 2003, Styles Media management switched the first two hours of the Clark Howard show for Bill O'Reilly. In December 2003, they replaced Mike Gallagher with Glenn Beck. In September 2004, with WYOO enjoying its best ratings in several years, morning show host Doc Washburn disappeared from the airwaves after spending 3½ years developing an audience.
Eventually, long-time DJ Rob Stark took over the morning show. Stark lasted 7½ months and was replaced by "The Attack Machine" from Gainesville, FL. Stark eventually wound up hosting the morning show of country station WAKT (Kat Kountry) across town. In December 2006, the Attack Machine moved their show to Birmingham at WYDE.
The call sign has previously been used for an AM/FM simulcast called "U100" that |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo-BASIC%20XL | Turbo-BASIC XL is an advanced version of the BASIC programming language for the Atari 8-bit family of home computers. It is a compatible superset of the Atari BASIC that shipped with the Atari 8-bit systems. Turbo-Basic XL was developed by Frank Ostrowski and published in the December 1985 issue of German computer magazine Happy Computer. A version for the 400/800 models was released shortly after as Frost Basic 1.4. Several modified versions working with different DOS systems have been released by other authors.
Turbo-Basic XL greatly improves execution over Atari BASIC. An Atari BASIC program loaded into Turbo-BASIC, with no changes made, would generally run about three times as fast. A Turbo-Basic XL compiler created binary executables, further speeding up program performance to about ten times faster than Atari BASIC. Turbo-Basic XL also includes an expanded editor, support for named procedures, and similar block constructs, and added access to the underlying hardware, which, among other things, allowed operation of attached floppy drives without exiting to DOS.
Ostrowski soon got a job with GFA Systemtechnik GmbH (at the time known as Integral Hydraulik) where he adapted Turbo-Basic XL into GFA BASIC for the Atari ST, which became one of the more popular BASICs on that platform.
Background
Since their release in 1979, the 8-bit family normally shipped with a version of Atari BASIC on a ROM cartridge, or built into the internal ROMs on later machines. This version of BASIC had a number of custom commands that allowed partial access to the system's advanced features like graphics and sound. It was notoriously slow, appearing at the very bottom of the list of microcomputer BASICs in the original version of David Ahl's Creative Computing benchmark.
The poor performance of the official Atari BASIC led to a market for 3rd party BASIC interpreters with better performance or more commands. Among them was an official port of Microsoft BASIC sold by Atari, several improved versions released by Optimized Systems Software, who had written the original Atari BASIC under contract, and many others. There were also several Atari BASIC compilers from a variety of vendors.
Turbo-Basic XL was a late entry to this list, first published in December 1985 as type-in program. It was unique in that it came in both interpreter and compiler versions. It included code to take advantage of the expanded memory available on the XL series machines, and later XE series. This meant that it could not run on the original 400/800 systems, which led Ostrowski to make a port known as Frost BASIC (short for "Frank Ostrowski") that was tied to Atari DOS 2.0.
The internal disk-related commands were tied to particular versions of DOS. A number of ports to different versions of DOS became available.
Performance
The most notable feature of Turbo-Basic was its dramatically improved speed; an unmodified Atari BASIC program loaded into Turbo-Basic would normally run three to fiv |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Ostrowski | Frank Ostrowski (born 1960 - died 2011) was a German programmer best known for his implementations of the BASIC programming language.
After his time with the German Federal Armed Forces, Frank Ostrowski was unemployed for three years. During this time, he developed Turbo-Basic XL for the Atari 8-bit family. It was published in the German language yeHappy Computer Magazine in December 1985 (where it became Listing of the Month). Turbo-Basic XL was both much faster and superior to the existing Atari BASIC.
He soon got a job with GFA Systemtechnik GmbH (at the time known as Integral Hydraulik) where he wrote GFA BASIC on the Atari ST which became one of the more popular BASICs on that platform.
Frank Ostrowski died in 2011 after a severe disease.
References
German computer programmers
Atari
2011 deaths
1960 births
BASIC programming language |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warnock | Warnock may refer to:
People
Warnock (surname), for people with the surname
John Edward Warnock (1940-2023), American computer scientist, inventor, co-founder of Adobe Systems, Inc.
Raphael Warnock (born 1969), United States Senator from Georgia
Other uses
Warnock's dilemma, interpretations of a lack of response to online postings
Warnock algorithm in computer graphics
Warnock (typeface), a serif typeface
Warnock, Ohio
Warnock Islands |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPeNDAP | OPeNDAP is an acronym for "Open-source Project for a Network Data Access Protocol," an endeavor focused on enhancing the retrieval of remote, structured data through a Web-based architecture and a discipline-neutral Data Access Protocol (DAP). Widely used, especially in Earth science, the protocol is layered on HTTP, and its current specification is DAP4, though the previous DAP2 version remains broadly used. Developed and advanced (openly and collaboratively) by the non-profit OPeNDAP, Inc., DAP is intended to enable remote, selective data-retrieval as an easily invoked Web service. OPeNDAP, Inc. also develops and maintains zero-cost (reference) implementations of the DAP protocol in both server-side and client-side software.
"OPeNDAP" often is used in place of "DAP" to denote the protocol but also may refer to an entire DAP-based data-retrieval architecture. Other DAP-centered architectures, such as THREDDS and ERDDAP, the NOAA GEO-IDE UAF ERDDAP exhibit significant interoperability with one another as well as with systems employing OPeNDAP's own (open-source) servers and software.
A DAP client can be an ordinary browser or even a spreadsheet, though with limited functionality (see OPeNDAP's Web page on Available Client Software). More typically, DAP clients are:
Data-analysis or data-visualization tools (such as MATLAB, IDL, Panoply, GrADS, Integrated Data Viewer, Ferret and ncBrowse) which their authors have adapted to enable DAP-based data input;
Similarly adapted Web applications (such as Dapper Data Viewer, aka DChart)
Similarly adapted end-user programs (in common languages)
Regardless of their types, and whether developed commercially or by an end-user, clients almost universally link to DAP servers through libraries that implement the DAP2 or DAP4 protocol in one language or another. OPeNDAP offers open-source libraries in C++ and Java, but many clients rely on community developed libraries such as PyDAP or, especially, the NetCDF suite. Developed and maintained by the Unidata Program at the UCAR in multiple programming languages, all NetCDF libraries include embedded capabilities for retrieving (array-style) data from DAP servers.
A data-using client references a data set by its URL and requests metadata or content by issuing (usually through an embedded DAP library) an HTTP request to a DAP server. Content requests usually are preceded by requests for metadata describing the structure and other details about the referenced data set. With this information, the client may construct DAP constraint expressions to retrieve specific content (i.e., subsets) from the source. OPeNDAP servers offer various types of responses, depending on the specific form of the client's request, including XML, JSON, HTML and ASCII. In response to requests for content, OPeNDAP servers can respond with multi-part mime documents that include a binary portion with NetCDF or DAP-native encoding. (These binary forms offer compact means to deliver large vol |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STOS%20BASIC | STOS BASIC is a dialect of the BASIC programming language for the Atari ST personal computer. It was designed for creating games, but the set of high-level graphics and sound commands it offers is suitable for developing multimedia software without knowledge of the internals of the Atari ST.
STOS BASIC was developed by Jawx–François Lionet, and Constantin Sotiropoulos–and published by Mandarin Software (now known as Europress Software).
History
Although the first version of STOS to be released in the UK (version 2.3) was released in late 1988 by Mandarin Software, a version had been released earlier in France.
Version 2.3 was bundled with three complete games (Orbit, Zoltar and Bullet Train), and many accessories and utilities (such as sprite and music editors). Initially implemented as a BASIC interpreter, a compiler was soon released that enabled the user to compile the STOS Basic program into an executable file that ran a lot faster because it was compiled rather than interpreted. In order to be compatible with the compiler, STOS needed to be upgraded to version 2.4 (which came with the compiler). STOS 2.4 also fixed a few bugs and had faster floating point mathematics code, but the floating point numbers had a smaller range.
STOS 2.5 was released to make STOS run on Atari STEs with TOS 1.06 (1.6), and then STOS 2.6 was needed to make STOS run on Atari STEs with TOS 1.62. STOS 2.7 was a compiler-only upgrade that made programs with the STOS tracker extension (used to play MOD music) compile.
There was a 3rd-party hack called STOS 2.07 designed to make STOS run on even more TOS versions, and behave on the Atari Falcon.
Around 2001 François Lionet released via the Clickteam website the source code of STOS BASIC.
On the 4th of April, 2019 François Lionet announced the release of AMOS2 on his website Amos2.tech. AMOS2 replaces STOS and AMOS together, using JavaScript as its code interpreter, making the new development system independent and generally deployed in internet browsers.
AMOS2 is now known as AOZ Studio.
Extensions
It was possible to extend the functionality of STOS by adding extensions which added more commands to the language and increased the functionality. The first such extension to be released was STOS Maestro which added the ability to play sampled sounds. STOS Maestro plus was STOS Maestro bundled with a sound-sampler cartridge. Other extensions included TOME, STOS 3D, STE extension, Misty, The Missing Link, Control extension, Extra and Ninja Tracker. These extensions kept STOS alive for many years after its release.
Criticisms
While giving programmers the ability to rapidly create a game without knowing the internals, STOS was criticised for being slow (especially when intensively using the non-high-level commands), and for not allowing the user to program in a structured manner.
Other platforms
In 1990, AMOS BASIC was released for the Amiga. It was originally meant to shortly follow the release of STOS on the Atari S |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows%20for%20Pen%20Computing | Windows for Pen Computing is a software suite for Windows 3.1x, that Microsoft designed to incorporate pen computing capabilities into the Windows operating environment. Windows for Pen Computing was the second major pen computing platform for x86 tablet PCs; GO Corporation released their operating system, PenPoint OS, shortly before Microsoft published Windows for Pen Computing 1.0 in 1992.
The software features of Windows for Pen Computing 1.0 includes an on-screen keyboard, a notepad program for writing with the stylus, and a program for training the system to respond accurately to the user's handwriting. Microsoft included Windows for Pen Computing 1.0 in the Windows SDK, and the operating environment was also bundled with compatible devices.
Microsoft published Windows 95 in 1995, and later released Pen Services for Windows 95, also known as Windows for Pen Computing 2.0, for this new operating system. Windows XP Tablet PC Edition superseded Windows for Pen Computing in 2002. Subsequent Windows versions, such as Windows Vista and Windows 7, supported pen computing intrinsically.
See also
Windows Ink Workspace
References
External links
The Unknown History of Pen Computing contains a history of pen computing, including touch and gesture technology, from approximately 1917 to 1992.
About Tablet Computing Old and New - an article that mentions Windows Pen in passing
Annotated bibliography of references to handwriting recognition and pen computing
Windows für Pen Computer
Windows for Pen Computer (German link above translated by Google)
Notes on the History of Pen-based Computing (YouTube)
1992 software
Handwriting recognition
Pen Computing
Microsoft Tablet PC
Tablet computers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Lynch%20Tunnel | The Jack Lynch Tunnel (Irish: Tollán Sheáin Uí Loingsigh) is an immersed tube tunnel and an integral part of the N40 road network in Cork, Ireland. It is named after former Taoiseach, Jack Lynch, a native of Cork.
It takes the road under the River Lee. North of the tunnel, the ring-road joins the M8 motorway to Dublin (north) and N8 road to the city centre (west), with the N25 commencing east to Waterford. The tunnel was completed in May 1999, and carried nearly 40,000 vehicles per day as of 2005. This number rose further as the N40 ring-road's upgrades progressed, with the opening of the Kinsale road roundabout flyover in 2006 and subsequent upgrades to the Sarsfield Road and Bandon Road Roundabouts. Traffic in 2016 was approximately 63,000 vehicles a day up from 59,000 in 2013.
The tunnel has two cells, each with two traffic lanes and two footpaths, and a central bore for use in an emergency only. Pedestrians and cyclists are expressly forbidden from using the tunnel. The exclusion of cyclists has been somewhat controversial as the feeder road is a dual-carriageway and so is open to cyclists, but the by-law is applied because of space limitations and the obvious danger of cyclists in an enclosed tunnel.
History
The idea of a crossing of the River Lee downstream of the city came from civil engineers employed by Cork Local Authorities and the central government's Department of the Environment in the late 1970s. Cork's suburbs were expanding and traffic was rising as car ownership increased, but the city centre's street plan, laid out in the late Middle Ages, was ill-equipped to cope. The engineers reasoned that the congestion in the city centre and its radial routes was quickly reaching intolerable levels. They pushed through Cork's "LUTS" – Land Use and Transportation Study – plan, to lay down a twenty five-year plan for the orderly growth of transport and land use in the greater Cork area. The transportation proposals combined construction of elements of a ring road, a downstream crossing, and computerised management of traffic on existing roads. This group of engineers became the Technical Steering Committee for the LUTS Plan and at that time consisted of Sean McCarthy, the former City Engineer, W.A. "Liam" Fitzgerald, his successor as City Engineer, Liam Mullins, Cork's County Engineer, John O'Regan, his deputy, B.J. O'Sullivan, the Cork Harbour Engineer, and Sean Walsh and Declan O'Driscoll, the two Assistant Chief Engineering Advisers at the Department of the Environment responsible for the region. The location and type of crossing was not established by the LUTS plan.
No road development in Ireland prior to that date had required such a large investment, and therefore the plan met with some opposition on the grounds of cost. In 1980, Cork Corporation commissioned DeLeuw Chadwick O’hEocha, engineering consultants, to undertake a feasibility study of options for a major highway crossing of the River Lee downstream from Cork city ce |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WXXA-TV | WXXA-TV (channel 23) is a television station licensed to Albany, New York, United States, serving the Capital District as an affiliate of the Fox network. It is owned by Mission Broadcasting and operated under a shared services agreement (SSA) by Nexstar Media Group, owner of ABC affiliate WTEN (channel 10, also licensed to Albany). Both stations share studios on Northern Boulevard in Albany's Bishop's Gate section, while WXXA-TV's transmitter is located on the Helderberg Escarpment west of New Salem.
WXXA-TV is the only commercial television station in Albany that has never changed its primary network affiliation or call letters.
History
WXXA signed on July 30, 1982 and aired an analog signal on UHF channel 23. It was the Capital District's first independent station, as well as the first new commercial station to launch in the market since WTRI (channel 35), forerunner of WNYT (channel 13), launched 28 years earlier. The Capital District had a fairly long wait for an independent station, considering its size. On paper, it had been large enough to support an independent since the late 1960s. However, the Capital District is a fairly large market geographically, stretching across a large swath of east-central New York, as well as portions of southwestern Vermont and western Massachusetts. Much of this area is very mountainous, particularly in the northern portion. UHF stations have never covered large areas or rugged terrain very well. By the late 1970s, cable and satellite—then as now, a must for acceptable television in much of this market—had gained enough penetration for an independent to be viable.
A construction permit had been issued for channel 23 in the 1950s with the calls WPTR-TV; that permit was canceled in 1960. Rumors had previously abounded that NBC would move its programming to the new channel 23 after WRGB (channel 6) switched to CBS in 1981. However, the network ended up affiliating with WNYT.
The station was owned by Albany TV 23, Inc. a group of investors led by president and station manager Jim Boaz, Hollywood director Arthur Penn, and former FDIC director William Seidman. Through Penn, it was able to secure financing from movie production company Orion Pictures. WXXA was a typical general-entertainment independent airing cartoons, movies, sports, and first-run syndicated programs. The station also carried business news programming from the Financial News Network.
In July 1986, WXXA-TV agreed to become a charter affiliate of Fox, which launched on October 9. Initially, WXXA-TV still programmed itself as an independent, since Fox only aired one program (The Late Show Starring Joan Rivers) until April 1987 and even then would not present an entire week's worth of programming until the 1993–94 season. Shortly after Fox's launch, Albany TV 23 sold the station to Heritage Broadcasting Group (a Detroit-based company, unrelated to the similarly named Heritage Communications and Heritage Media, that was also in the process of ac |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DCMI | DCMI may refer to:
Double crossover merging interchange, a proposed type of road interchange
Dublin Core Metadata Initiative, the organization responsible for maintaining the Dublin Core metadata standard
Data Center Manageability Interface, a technical specification first published by Intel in 2008 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagstuhl | Dagstuhl is a computer science research center in Germany, located in and named after a district of the town of Wadern, Merzig-Wadern, Saarland.
Location
Following the model of the mathematical center at Oberwolfach, the center is installed in a very remote and relaxed location in the countryside.
The Leibniz Center is located in a historic country house, Schloss Dagstuhl (Dagstuhl Castle), together with modern purpose-built buildings connected by an enclosed footbridge.
The ruins of the 13th-century Dagstuhl Castle are nearby, a short walk up a hill from the Schloss.
History
The Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (LZI, Leibniz Center for Informatics) was established at Dagstuhl in 1990. In 1993, the over 200-year-old building received a modern extension with other guest rooms, conference rooms and a library. The center is managed as a non-profit organization, and financed by national funds. It receives scientific support by a variety of German and foreign research institutions. Until April 2008 the name of the center was: International Conference and Research Center for Computer Science (German: Internationales Begegnungs- und Forschungszentrum für Informatik (IBFI)). The center was founded by Reinhard Wilhelm, who continued as its director until May 2014, when Raimund Seidel became the director. The list of shareholders includes:
German Informatics Society
Saarland University
Technical University of Kaiserslautern
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Technische Universität Darmstadt
University of Stuttgart
University of Trier
Goethe University in Frankfurt
Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, Netherlands
Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation, France
Max Planck Society
In 2012, another new building was opened with 7 guest rooms. Since 1 January 2005, the LZI is a member of the Leibniz Association.
Library
Dagstuhl's computer science library has over 50,000 books and other media, among them a full set of Springer-Verlag's Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) series and electronic access to many computer science journals.
Seminar series
Dagstuhl supports computer science by organizing high ranked seminars on hot topics in informatics. Dagstuhl Seminars, which are established after review and approval by the Scientific Directorate, bring together personally invited scientists from academia and industry from all over the world to discuss their newest ideas and problems. Apart from the Dagstuhl seminars, the center also hosts summer schools, group retreats, and other scientific events, all discussing informatics. Every year about 3,500 scientists stay in Dagstuhl for about 100 seminars, workshops and other scientific events. The number of participants is limited to enable discussion and by the available housing capacity. The stay is full-board; participants are accommodated in the original house or in the modern annex, and have all their meals at the center. Seminars are usually held for a weekly period: participants a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vismon | Vismon was the Bell Labs system which displayed authors' faces on one of their internal e-mail systems. The name was a pun on the sysmon program used at Bell to show the load on computer systems. It can also be interpreted as "visual monitor". The system inspired Rich Burridge to develop the similar but more widespread faces system, which spread with Unix distributions in the 1980s. This in turn inspired Steve Kinzler to develop the Picons, or personal icons, which have the goal of offering symbols and other images, as well as faces, to represent individuals and institutions in email messages. Other systems such as the faces available on the LAN email functions of the NeXTSTEP platform also seem to have been influenced by the original Vismon capabilities. The faces program in Plan 9 is the direct descendant of this system.
Vismon was the work of Rob Pike and Dave Presotto. It was based on some early experiments by Luca Cardelli. Many other scientists and engineers of the Computing Science Research Center of the Murray Hill facility were also involved. All had been spurred by the introduction in 1983 of the new Blit graphics terminal developed by Pike and Bart Locanthi and marketed by Teletype Corporation of Skokie, Illinois as the DMD 5620. Pike was eager, along with his colleagues, to exploit the new graphic capabilities.
Pike and company went around their Center, convincing everybody, from directors and administrative assistants to engineers and scientists, to pose as they got out a 4×5 view camera with a Polaroid back and took black-and-white photos (Polaroid type 52) of their faces. Their efforts yielded nearly 100 faces, which they digitised with a scanner from graphics colleagues. They wrote several programs to transform the faces, store them and serve them on several machines at the lab. As time went by, they added faces from outside their Center and outside Bell Labs. This database also led to the pico image editor (originally named zunk) which was used for image transformations, many of them with colleagues as the preferred target.
The first programs built around vismon were used to announce incoming mail in a dedicated window, using the 48 by 48 pixel faces. Later on the faces were also used to decorate line printer banners.
See also
X-Face
References
Notes
Pike, Rob and Presotto, Dave. "Face the Nation". USENIX Summer 1985 Conference Proceedings. Portland Oregon 1985.
Holzmann, Gerard. "Beyond Photography - the digital darkroom". Prentice Hall, 1987.
Bell Labs
Face
Graphics software
Email |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BiNet%20USA | BiNet USA (officially Bi/Net USA, The Bisexual Network of the USA Inc.) was an American national nonprofit bisexual community whose mission was to "facilitate the development of a cohesive network of bisexual communities, promote bisexual visibility, and collect and distribute educational information regarding bisexuality. Until 2020, BiNet USA provided a national network for bisexual organizations and individuals across the United States, and encouraged participation and organizing on local and national levels." They claimed to be the oldest national bisexuality organization in the United States. In 2020, all of the content on BiNet USA's website was replaced with a statement that the BiNet USA president, Faith Cheltenham, now identified as Christian conservative and was walking away from progressive politics entirely.
Programs and campaigns
Some of the work the organization has been involved in includes the following.
Campaigns
1993: Played a key role in the successful national campaign to include "Bi" in the March on Washington for Gay, Lesbian and Bi Equal Rights and Liberation.
1998: Organizes an Ally Campaign, educating and holding ally organizations accountable for their actions.
After the 1991 bisexual anthology Bi Any Other Name: Bisexual People Speak Out was forced to compete in the Lambda Literary Awards under the category "Lesbian Anthology", and Directed by Desire: Collected Poems, a posthumous collection of the bisexual poet June Jordan's work, had to compete (and won) in the category "Lesbian Poetry", BiNet USA led the bisexual community in a multi year campaign eventually resulting in the addition of a Bisexual category, starting with the 2006 Awards.
2008: Under the slogan "Vote Against Hate in 2008", partnered with Rock the Vote to successfully reach out to and register people from its constituent communities and encourage participation in the American electoral process.
Policy initiatives
Bisexual Youth Initiative (1995): a survey was developed and sent out to organizations nationwide serving LGBTQ youth. The survey report was published and sent to agencies, offering assistance in improving services.
Bisexual Rural Initiative (1996): Initiative to reach out and determine specific needs of bisexuals in rural areas.
Bisexual Health Initiative (2007): participated in the development of the report Bisexual health: An introduction and model practices for HIV/STI prevention programming in conjunction with the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force and Fenway Community Health, including the Bisexual Health Timeline.
Conferences (partial list)
with the Bisexual Resource Center and the Washington, DC-based Alliance of Multicultural Bisexuals co-sponsor the largest US bisexual conference to date with over 600 people in attendance. (1993)
Hosts the First National Institute on Bisexuality and HIV/AIDS (1998)
Co-sponsor of the Transcending Boundaries Conference (2005) (2006)
With the Lambda Literary Foundation and New York Cit |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%20RT%20PC | The IBM RT PC (RISC Technology Personal Computer) is a family of workstation computers from IBM introduced in 1986. These were the first commercial computers from IBM that were based on a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) architecture. The RT PC uses IBM's proprietary ROMP microprocessor, which commercialized technologies pioneered by IBM Research's 801 experimental minicomputer (the 801 was the first RISC). The RT PC runs three operating systems: AIX, the Academic Operating System (AOS), and Pick.
The RT PC's specifications were regarded as "less than impressive" compared to contemporary workstations by its competitors in that particular market, although the product was deemed deserving of "a healthy amount of respect", particularly with the prospect of IBM as "a serious competitor" who, despite having a product whose performance was an estimated 18 months behind other vendors, would potentially be able to catch up quickly by applying the company's renowned technological capabilities. Given such performance limitations, the RT PC had little commercial success as a result. IBM responded by introducing the RS/6000 workstations in 1990, which used a new IBM-proprietary RISC processor, the POWER1. All RT PC models were discontinued by May 1991.
Hardware
Two basic types were produced: a floor-standing desk-side tower, and a table-top desktop. Both types featured a special board slot for the processor card, as well as machine-specific RAM cards. Each machine had one processor slot, one co-processor slot, and two RAM slots.
There were three versions of the processor card:
The Standard Processor Card or 032 card had a 5.88MHz clock rate (170ns cycle time), 1MB of standard memory (expandable via 1, 2, or 4MB memory boards). It could be accompanied by an optional Floating-Point Accelerator (FPA) board, which contained a 10MHz National Semiconductor NS32081 floating point coprocessor. This processor card was used in the original RT PC models (010, 020, 025, and A25) announced on January 21, 1986.
The Advanced Processor Card had a 10MHz clock (100ns) and either 4MB memory on the processor card, or external 4MB ECC memory cards, and featured a built-in 20MHz Motorola 68881 floating-point processor. The Advanced Processor Card could be accompanied by an optional Advanced Floating-Point Accelerator (AFPA) board, which was based around the Analog Devices ADSP-3220 FP multiplier and ADSP-3221 FP ALU. Models 115, 125, and B25 used these cards. These models were announced on February 17, 1987.
The Enhanced Advanced Processor Card sported a 12.5MHz clock (80ns), 16MB on-board memory, while an enhanced advanced floating point accelerator was standard. The models 130, 135, and B35 used these cards. They were announced on July 19, 1988.
All RT PCs supported up to 16MB of memory. Early models were limited to 4MB of memory because of the capacity of the DRAM ICs used, later models could have up to 16MB. I/O was provided by eight ISA bus slots. Storage w |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S7 | S7 or S-7 may refer to:
Electronics and software
Acer Aspire S7, a laptop
Samsung Galaxy S7, a smartphone
Samsung Galaxy Tab S7, a tablet computer
, an automation system based on Programmable Logic Controller from Siemens, successor to Simatic S5 PLC
SPARC S7, a computer processor using the SPARC instruction set
Sub7, a computer backdoor
Media
Sovereign Seven, a superhero team and comic book published by DC Comics in 1995–1998
Samurai 7, a 2004 anime series
Science and technology
7-sphere (S7), an n-sphere
Heptasulfur (S7), a cyclic allotrope of sulfur
S7 or S-7, a grade of tool steel
S7: Keep container tightly closed, a safety phrase in chemistry
Transportation
Air
Ambrosini S.7, an Italian racing aircraft flown before World War II
Rans S-7 Courier, a light aircraft
S7 Airlines, a Russian commercial airline, its IATA Airlines code is also S7
Automobiles
Audi S7, a German executive sports sedan
BYD S7, a Chinese mid-size SUV formerly known as S6
Haima S7, a Chinese compact SUV
Huansu S7, a Chinese mid-size SUV
JAC Refine S7, a Chinese mid-size SUV
Saleen S7, an American supercar
Motorcycles
Sunbeam S7, a British motorcycle
Rail
Trains
London Underground S7 Stock, a type of train on London Underground, England
Prussian S 7, a Prussian steam locomotives class
Lines
S7 (Vienna), an S-Bahn line in Austria
S7 (Berlin), an S-Bahn line in Germany
S7 (Munich), an S-Bahn line in Germany
S7 (Rhine-Main S-Bahn), an S-Bahn line in Germany
S7 (Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn), an S-Bahn line in Germany
S7 (St. Gallen S-Bahn), an S-Bahn line in Switzerland
S7 (ZVV), an S-Bahn line in Zürich, Switzerland
Capital Airport–Daxing Airport intercity railway, or Line S7, Beijing, China
Line S7 (Nanjing Metro), China
Roads and routes
County Route S7 (California)
Expressway S7 (Poland)
Watercraft
HMS Sealion (S07), a 1959 British Porpoise-class submarine
USS S-7 (SS-112), a 1920 S-class submarine of the United States Navy
Other uses
S7 (classification), a disability swimming classification
S7 postcode, a postcode covering areas of southern Sheffield, England
British NVC community S7, a swamps and tall-herb fens community in the British National Vegetation Classification system |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monitor%20%28synchronization%29 | In concurrent programming, a monitor is a synchronization construct that allows threads to have both mutual exclusion and the ability to wait (block) for a certain condition to become false. Monitors also have a mechanism for signaling other threads that their condition has been met. A monitor consists of a mutex (lock) object and condition variables. A condition variable is essentially a container of threads that are waiting for a certain condition. Monitors provide a mechanism for threads to temporarily give up exclusive access in order to wait for some condition to be met, before regaining exclusive access and resuming their task.
Another definition of monitor is a thread-safe class, object, or module that wraps around a mutex in order to safely allow access to a method or variable by more than one thread. The defining characteristic of a monitor is that its methods are executed with mutual exclusion: At each point in time, at most one thread may be executing any of its methods. By using one or more condition variables it can also provide the ability for threads to wait on a certain condition (thus using the above definition of a "monitor"). For the rest of this article, this sense of "monitor" will be referred to as a "thread-safe object/class/module".
Monitors were invented by Per Brinch Hansen and C. A. R. Hoare, and were first implemented in Brinch Hansen's Concurrent Pascal language.
Mutual exclusion
While a thread is executing a method of a thread-safe object, it is said to occupy the object, by holding its mutex (lock). Thread-safe objects are implemented to enforce that at each point in time, at most one thread may occupy the object. The lock, which is initially unlocked, is locked at the start of each public method, and is unlocked at each return from each public method.
Upon calling one of the methods, a thread must wait until no other thread is executing any of the thread-safe object's methods before starting execution of its method. Note that without this mutual exclusion, two threads could cause money to be lost or gained for no reason. For example, two threads withdrawing 1000 from the account could both return true, while causing the balance to drop by only 1000, as follows: first, both threads fetch the current balance, find it greater than 1000, and subtract 1000 from it; then, both threads store the balance and return.
Condition variables
Problem statement
For many applications, mutual exclusion is not enough. Threads attempting an operation may need to wait until some condition holds true. A busy waiting loop
while not ( ) do skip
will not work, as mutual exclusion will prevent any other thread from entering the monitor to make the condition true. Other "solutions" exist such as having a loop that unlocks the monitor, waits a certain amount of time, locks the monitor and checks for the condition . Theoretically, it works and will not deadlock, but issues arise. It is hard to decide an appropriate amount o |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6G%20%28disambiguation%29 | 6G or 6-G may refer to:
6G, a cellular network technology generation
6G Mobile, a Dutch telecommunications operator
Rhodamine 6G, a chemical compound and dye
6G-fructosyltransferase, an enzyme
Air Wales' IATA code
6G, the production code for the 1983 Doctor Who serial Terminus
6G Era, a generation of video game consoles
See also
G6 (disambiguation)
T-6G Texan, a model of North American T-6 Texan |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CTD | CTD may refer to:
Medicine
Carnitine transporter deficiency, an inborn error of fatty acid transport
Comparative Toxicogenomics Database, an online research tool describing chemical-gene-disease interactions
CTD (chemotherapy), a combination of the drugs cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, and dexamethasone
Common Technical Document, an internationally agreed format for drug approvals
Connective tissue disease
Circling the Drain, acronym relating to those on the way out
Music
Crash Test Dummies, a Canadian rock band from Winnipeg, Manitoba
Science
Comparative Toxicogenomics Database, an online research tool describing chemical-gene-disease interactions
CTD (instrument), in oceanography, used to determine conductivity, temperature, and depth
Carboxy-Terminal Domain, the end of an amino acid chain which has specialized functions in some proteins
Church–Turing–Deutsch principle, in computer science, relates to the universality of simulation
IT (Information Technology)
Crash to desktop
Continuous Threat Detection
Other
CBS Television Distribution
Central de Trabajadores Democráticos, a trade union centre in El Salvador
Continued, a word
Counter Terrorism Department, Pakistani agency for counter terrorism
FBI Counterterrorism Division, the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation's anti-terrorism division
Cummins Turbo Diesel, acronym for an engine genre |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiveRamp | LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. (commonly LiveRamp), is a San Francisco, California-based SaaS company that offers a data connectivity platform whose services include data onboarding, the transfer of offline data online for marketing purposes.
The company now known as LiveRamp was created from the combination of Acxiom (founded in 1969) and a company it acquired named LiveRamp in 2014. The company eventually took the LiveRamp name, after spinning off the Acxiom Marketing Services (AMS) division to global advertising network Interpublic Group of Companies.
The company has offices in the United States, Europe, Australia, and Asia.
History
Acxiom foundation and early years
Acxiom was founded in 1969 as Demographics, Inc. by Charles D. Ward in Conway, Arkansas. The company was initially involved in producing mailing lists using phonebooks and payroll processing. In 1980, the company changed its name to Conway Communications Exchange, and in 1983 it incorporated as CCX Network, Inc. and made its first public offering. In 1988 it became Acxiom Corporation.
1990s
In November 1997, Acxiom acquired Buckley Dement, a provider of healthcare fulfillment and professional medical lists. In May 1998, Acxiom made the announcement that it would acquire one of its competitors, May & Speh.
2000s
In 2003, Wired Magazine criticized the company for only accepting third-party consumer opt-out requests from the Direct Marketing Association. In early 2004, Acxiom acquired part of Claritas, a European data provider. In 2005, Acxiom acquired Digital Impact for $140 million and integrated its digital and online services into its business. In 2005 Acxiom was a nominee for the Big Brother Awards for Worst Corporate Invader for a tradition of data brokering.
In early 2006, EMC Corporation acquired Acxiom’s information grid software in a $30 million deal. EMC later declined to exercise an option to acquire additional resources from Acxiom and discontinued work on the software.
On May 16, 2007, Acxiom agreed to be bought by investment firms Silver Lake Partners and ValueAct Capital in an all-cash deal valued at $3 billion, including the assumption of about $756 million of debt. However, in October 2007, citing poor credit markets, the companies terminated the deal. The company also announced that Chairman Charles Morgan was retiring upon the selection of a successor. On January 17, 2008, Acxiom named John Meyer (from Alcatel-Lucent) as new CEO and president. On July 11, 2008, Acxiom acquired ChoicePoint's database marketing solutions division.
Early 2010s
In 2010, Acxiom acquired part of GoDigital, a Brazilian direct marketing and data quality company. In October 2010, the company launched AbiliTec Digital, a web-based tool to match digital identities to traditional name and address data, such as that collected from loyalty programs. On July 27, 2011, Acxiom named Scott E. Howe, as the company’s chief executive officer and president.
In December 2011, Acxiom announced the sale |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STOS | STOS may refer to:
STOS BASIC, a programming language for the Atari ST computer
stos, an opcode mnemonic in X86 assembly language
Secure Trusted Operating System Consortium
Štós, a village in Slovakia
See also
ST:TOS, an abbreviation for Star Trek: The Original Series (ST:OS)
STO (disambiguation) for the singular of STOs |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%20National%20Radio | China National Radio (CNR; ; pronunciation: ) is the national radio network of China, headquartered in Beijing.
History
The infrastructure began with a transmitter from Moscow to set up its first station in Yan'an (延安). It used the call sign XNCR ("New China Radio") for broadcasts, and is the first radio station set up by the Chinese Communist Party in 1940.
In the west, it was known as the Yan'an New China Radio Station () broadcasting two hours daily. In China, it was called the Yan'an Xinhua Broadcasting Station, which was established on 30 December 1940.
On 25 March 1949, it was renamed Shanbei Xinhua Broadcasting Station () after it departed from Yan'an. It began to broadcast in Beiping under the name of Peiping Xinhua Broadcasting Station (). On December5, 1949, it was officially named to Central People's Broadcasting Station, two months after the establishment of the People's Republic of China. The station offered 15.5 hours of daily programming broadcast to most parts of China.
Mao Zedong emphasized that all citizens should listen to the station on 5 May 1941. The "Central Press and Broadcasting Bureau" was the driver in pushing all schools, army units, and public organizations of all levels to install loud public speakers and radio transmitters. By the 1960s, 70 million speakers were installed reaching the rural population of 400 million.
The Central People's Broadcasting Station innovated wired transmissions, which were linked to the commonly found telephone poles hanging with loud speakers. Local stations were usually located in county seats or in individual factories or production brigades. It was part of Mao's ideology of delivering "Politics on Demand". The station served as the headquarters for propaganda during the Cultural Revolution.
During the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, Central Radio offered extensive daily programming schedules, beginning with The East is Red. The majority of the daily schedule consisted of news and cultural programming, broken up with specialized programs on topics like morning calisthenics, children's shows, and broadcasts of military interest.
The station was later renamed China National Radio as its English name. It would move to a new building in 1998.
Today, CNR forms the national radio service of the state-owned China Media Group, continuing its mission to broadcast a variety of radio programmes to listeners all over China and around the world.
Services
Radio stations
TV channels
CNR Care: Mainly Healthy Information, stopped streaming at 1 July 2019.
CNR Mall: TV Shopping Channel – a joint venture with QVC.
See also
Broadcasting Corporation of China (First Nationalist Party Radio)
China Radio International
China Central Television
Notes
References
External links
Chinese-language radio stations
Multilingual broadcasters
1940 establishments in China
Mass media companies established in 1940
Radio stations established in 1940
Mass media in Beijing
China Media Group |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andi%20Gutmans | Andi (Andrei) Gutmans is an Israeli programmer and entrepreneur.
Biography
Andi Gutmans holds a bachelor’s degree in Computer Science from the Technion in Haifa. Gutmans holds four citizenships: Swiss, British, Israeli and American.
Business career
Andi Gutmans helped to co-create PHP, and co-founded Zend Technologies and is a VP Engineering, Databases at Google. A graduate of the Technion, the Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa, Gutmans and fellow student Zeev Suraski created PHP 3 in 1997. In 1999 they wrote the Zend Engine, the core of PHP 4, and founded Zend Technologies, which has since overseen PHP advances, including the PHP 5 and most recent PHP 7 releases. The name Zend is a portmanteau of their forenames, Zeev and Andi.
Gutmans served as CEO of Zend Technologies until October 2015 when Zend was acquired by Rogue Wave Software. Before being appointed CEO in February 2009, he led Zend's R&D including development of all Zend products and Zend's contributions to the open-source Zend Framework and PHP Development Tools projects. He has participated at Zend in its corporate financing and has also led alliances with vendors like Adobe, IBM, Microsoft, and Oracle.
Gutmans served on the board of the Eclipse Foundation (October 2005 - October 2008), is an emeritus member of the Apache Software Foundation, and was nominated for the FSF Award for the Advancement of Free Software in 1999.
In 2004 he wrote a book called "PHP 5 Power Programming" together with Stig Bakken and Derick Rethans.
Gutmans was recognized by ComputerWorld magazine in July 2007 in their article “40 Under 40: 40 Innovative IT People to Watch, Under the Age of 40.”
In March 2016, Gutmans left Rogue Wave to join Amazon Web Services. Explaining his motivations, Gutmans cited "Cloud infrastructure adoption is at a tipping point" and "the data 'center of gravity' is moving to the cloud", where Amazon "appears to effectively balance innovation and invention: a focus on customer value with a bias to action". In his role at Amazon Web Services, Gutmans managed Amazon Elasticsearch Service, Amazon Redshift, Amazon CloudSearch, Amazon ElastiCache and Amazon Neptune.
In May 2020, Gutmans joined Google as VP Engineering, Databases.
References
External links
History of PHP and related projects
Living people
Businesspeople in software
Israeli male bloggers
Israeli computer programmers
Israeli chief executives
Israeli Jews
Web developers
PHP writers
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology alumni
Year of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longdean%20School | Longdean School is a secondary school and sixth form with academy status, located in the southeast of Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire. The academy specialises in Maths and Computing.
History
Grammar school
Originally called Apsley Grammar School, it began as a state grammar school in Hemel Hempstead. It was founded in 1955 as part of the development of the town after its designation as a new town and the need for expanded secondary school provision. Although named for the nearby village of Apsley the school is actually situated about one mile away, in the Bennetts End district of the town. Its first Head Teacher was Valentine (V.J.) Wrigley.
Comprehensive
The name of the school changed to Longdean School in 1970 on the amalgamation with the adjacent Bennett's End Secondary Modern School to form what was the third-largest comprehensive school in Hertfordshire at the time.
The school motto of Rejoice in Thy Youth was retained after the amalgamation.
Since September 2012 the headmaster has been Mr Graham Cunningham, replacing the previous headmaster, Mr Rhodri Bryant. The last Ofsted report classed the school as a 'GOOD'.
The school operates community facilities in the form of a sports centre, small Astro pitch, grass pitches and Multi Use Games Area.
Academy
During the summer term of 2011, Longdean School attained academy status.
The school works in consortium with two neighbouring schools to enhance post-16 provision. The group consists of Adeyfield Academy, Astley Cooper School and Longdean School. Staff development and well-being are also coordinated at consortium level.
In May 2012, Longdean was included in the Government's £2 billion Priority School Building Programme. Longdean's inclusion was based upon the condition of its existing buildings that have exceeded their 25-year life expectancy. As a result, a completely new school building was constructed by Interserve/Kajima on former playing fields and both the existing premises were demolished. The new school opened at the end of 2016.
Admissions
Longdean is a non-selective coeducational school within the state education system, accepting pupils from its catchment area of Bennetts End, Nash Mills, Leverstock Green and adjacent areas.
Notable former pupils
Apsley Grammar School
Paul Boateng, (now Baron Boateng) – the UK's first black Cabinet minister, and British High Commissioner to South Africa from March 2005 to April 2009.
Prof Hugh Loxdale MBE, entomologist, Professor of Ecology from 2009 to 2010 at the Institute of Ecology, University of Jena, and President from 2004–6 of the Royal Entomological Society of London
Andy Powell – guitarist in the rock group Wishbone Ash
Sue Hayes - London Film Commissioner, award-winning documentary producer and director of Edinburgh International Television Festival
Longdean School
Chris Eagles – Professional football player, enrolled in Manchester United youth academy before turning pro, now playing for Ross County F.C.
Jake Howells – |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%20BitMap | In computer graphics, the X Window System used X BitMap (XBM), a plain text binary image format, for storing cursor and icon bitmaps used in the X GUI. The XBM format is superseded by XPM, which first appeared for X11 in 1989.
Format
XBM files differ markedly from most image files in that they take the form of C source files. This means that they can be compiled directly into an application without any preprocessing steps, but it also makes them far larger than their raw pixel data. The image data is encoded as a comma-separated list of byte values, each written in the C hexadecimal notation, '0x13' for example, so that multiple ASCII characters are used to express a single byte of image information.
XBM data consists of a series of static unsigned char arrays containing the monochrome pixel data. When the format was in common use, an XBM typically appeared in headers (.h files) which featured one array per image stored in the header. The following piece of C code exemplifies the XBM file Blarg displayed in the panel at right:
#define test_width 16
#define test_height 7
static unsigned char test_bits[] = {
0x13, 0x00, 0x15, 0x00, 0x93, 0xcd, 0x55, 0xa5, 0x93, 0xc5, 0x00, 0x80,
0x00, 0x60 };
In place of the usual image-file-format header, XBM files has two or four #define statements. The first two #defines specify the height and width of the bitmap in pixels. The second two, if any, specify the position of any hotspot within the bitmap. (In the case of bitmapped cursors, the "hotspot" refers to the position of the cursor "point", generally at 0,0.)
XBM image data consists of a line of pixel values stored in a static array. Because a single bit represents each pixel (0 for white or 1 for black), each byte in the array contains the information for eight pixels, with the upper left pixel in the bitmap represented by the low bit of the first byte in the array. If the image width does not match a multiple of 8, the extra bits in the last byte of each row are ignored.
Support
Some web browsers support displaying XBM images as a holdover from the early days of the World Wide Web, when XBM was the minimal non-proprietary image file format. The Arena web browser had full support since version 0.3.34 (25 July 1997). XBM support was removed from Internet Explorer 6, Mozilla Firefox 3.6, and WebKit-based browsers. There is a strong indication that Chromium (and therefore, also, Google Chrome) does not support XBM. Documentation for Opera 2.12 and 6.0 indicates that XBM was at least previously supported.
Some image viewers/converters, e.g., XnView, FFmpeg and IrfanView, support XBM. A 48×48 XBM can be converted to Ikon and eventually X-Face with Netpbm tools.
Despite having been superseded by the XPM format, XBM is still used by some modern but lightweight window managers like Openbox to define simple button images in a window's title bar, such as the iconify/minimize, restore, and maximize buttons. XBM is also used in embedded processing (microC |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kismet%20%28software%29 | Kismet is a network detector, packet sniffer, and intrusion detection system for 802.11 wireless LANs. Kismet will work with any wireless card which supports raw monitoring mode, and can sniff 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n traffic. The program runs under Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, and macOS. The client can also run on Microsoft Windows, although, aside from external drones (see below), there's only one supported wireless hardware available as packet source.
Distributed under the GNU General Public License, Kismet is free software.
Features
Kismet differs from other wireless network detectors in working passively. Namely, without sending any loggable packets, it is able to detect the presence of both wireless access points and wireless clients, and to associate them with each other. It is also the most widely used and up to date open source wireless monitoring tool.
Kismet also includes basic wireless IDS features such as detecting active wireless sniffing programs including NetStumbler, as well as a number of wireless network attacks.
Kismet features the ability to log all sniffed packets and save them in a tcpdump/Wireshark or Airsnort compatible file format. Kismet can also capture "Per-Packet Information" headers.
Kismet also features the ability to detect default or "not configured" networks, probe requests, and determine what level of wireless encryption is used on a given access point.
In order to find as many networks as possible, Kismet supports channel hopping. This means that it constantly changes from channel to channel non-sequentially, in a user-defined sequence with a default value that leaves big holes between channels (for example, 1-6-11-2-7-12-3-8-13-4-9-14-5-10). The advantage with this method is that it will capture more packets because adjacent channels overlap.
Kismet also supports logging of the geographical coordinates of the network if the input from a GPS receiver is additionally available.
Server / Drone / Client infrastructure
Kismet has three separate parts. A drone can be used to collect packets, and then pass them on to a server for interpretation. A server can either be used in conjunction with a drone, or on its own, interpreting packet data, and extrapolating wireless information, and organizing it. The client communicates with the server and displays the information the server collects.
Plugins
With the updating of Kismet to -ng, Kismet now supports a wide variety of scanning plugins including DECT, Bluetooth, and others.
Usage
Kismet is used in a number of commercial and open source projects. It is distributed with Kali Linux. It is used for wireless reconnaissance, and can be used with other packages for an inexpensive wireless intrusion detection system. It has been used in a number of peer reviewed studies such as "Detecting Rogue Access Points using Kismet".
See also
KisMAC (for Mac OS X)
BackTrack
Kali Linux
Metasploit Project
Nmap
BackBox
OpenVAS
Aircrack-ng
R |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kronos%20%28computer%29 | Kronos is a series of 32-bit processor equipped printed circuit board systems, and the workstations based thereon, of a proprietary hardware architecture developed in the mid-1980s in Akademgorodok, a research city in Siberia, by the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union, Siberian branch, Novosibirsk Computing Center, Modular Asynchronous Developable Systems (MARS) project, Kronos Research Group (KRG).
History
In 1984, the Kronos Research Group (KRG) was founded by four students of the Novosibirsk State University, two from the mathematics department (Dmitry "Leo" Kuznetsov, Alex Nedoria) and two from the physics department (Eugene Tarasov, Vladimir Vasekin). At that time, the main objective was to build home computers for the KRG members.
In 1985, the group joined the Russian fifth generation computer project START, in which Kronos became a platform for developing multiprocessor reconfigurable Modular Asynchronous Developable Systems (MARS), and played a lead role in developing the first Russian full 32-bit workstation and its software.
During 7 years (1984–1991) the group designed and implemented:
Kronos 2.1 and 2.2 – 32-bit processor boards for DEC LSI-11
Kronos 2.5 – 32-bit processor board for Labtam computers
Kronos 2.6 – 32-bit workstation
The project START was finished in 1988. During the post-START years (1988–1991), several Russian industrial organizations expressed interest in continuing the Kronos development and some had been involved in facilitating the construction of Kronos and MARS prototypes, including the design of a Kronos-on-chip. However, changing funding levels and the chaotic economic situation during perestroika kept those plans from being realized.
Architecture
The Kronos instruction set architecture was based on Niklaus Wirth's Modula-2 workstation Lilith, developed at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich) of Zurich Switzerland, which in turn was inspired by the Xerox Alto developed at Xerox PARC.
The Modula-2-based Kronos was quite amenable to the basic principles of MARS, as Modula-2 is fundamentally modular, allowing programs to be partitioned into units with relatively well defined interfaces. These interfaces supported separate compiling of modules, and separating of module specifications from their implementation. The primary difference between Lilith and Kronos was that the processor of Lilith was 16-bit, while Kronos was 32-bit and incorporated several extensions to the instruction set to accommodate the inter-processor communication needed in MARS.
Kronos satisfied many aspects of the reduced instruction set computer (RISC) design, although it was not pure RISC: the evaluation stack was used to evaluate expressions and to hold parameters for procedure calls. Since most executed instructions were encoded in a single byte, the object code for Kronos was very compact. Although Kronos was a proprietary processor, it was well suited to applications which were sensitive to high programmab |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernhard%20Sch%C3%B6lkopf | Bernhard Schölkopf (born 20 February 1968) is a German computer scientist known for his work in machine learning, especially on kernel methods and causality. He is a director at the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems in Tübingen, Germany, where he heads the Department of Empirical Inference. He is also an affiliated professor at ETH Zürich, honorary professor at the University of Tübingen and the Technical University Berlin, and chairman of the European Laboratory for Learning and Intelligent Systems (ELLIS).
Research
Kernel methods
Schölkopf developed SVM methods achieving world record performance on the MNIST pattern recognition benchmark at the time. With the introduction of kernel PCA, Schölkopf and coauthors argued that SVMs are a special case of a much larger class of methods, and all algorithms that can be expressed in terms of dot products can be generalized to a nonlinear setting by means of what is known as reproducing kernels. Another significant observation was that the data on which the kernel is defined need not be vectorial, as long as the kernel Gram matrix is positive definite. Both insights together led to the foundation of the field of kernel methods, encompassing SVMs and many other algorithms. Kernel methods are now textbook knowledge and one of the major machine learning paradigms in research and applications.
Developing kernel PCA, Schölkopf extended it to extract invariant features and to design invariant kernels and showed how to view other major dimensionality reduction methods such as LLE and Isomap as special cases. In further work with Alex Smola and others, he extended the SVM method to regression and classification with pre-specified sparsity and quantile/support estimation. He proved a representer theorem implying that SVMs, kernel PCA, and most other kernel algorithms, regularized by a norm in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space, have solutions taking the form of kernel expansions on the training data, thus reducing an infinite dimensional optimization problem to a finite dimensional one. He co-developed kernel embeddings of distributions methods to represent probability distributions in Hilbert Spaces, with links to Fraunhofer diffraction as well as applications to independence testing.
Causality
Starting in 2005, Schölkopf turned his attention to causal inference. Causal mechanisms in the world give rise to statistical dependencies as epiphenomena, but only the latter are exploited by popular machine learning algorithms. Knowledge about causal structures and mechanisms is useful by letting us predict not only future data coming from the same source, but also the effect of interventions in a system, and by facilitating transfer of detected regularities to new situations.
Schölkopf and co-workers addressed (and in certain settings solved) the problem of causal discovery for the two-variable setting and connected causality to Kolmogorov complexity.
Around 2010, Schölkopf began to explore how to use |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware%20Aqueduct | {
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"properties": {
"title": "Delaware Aqueduct, New York",
"description": "Delaware Aqueduct in New York",
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The Delaware Aqueduct is an aqueduct in the New York City water supply system. It takes water from the Rondout, Cannonsville, Neversink, and Pepacton reservoirs on the west bank of the Hudson River through the Chelsea Pump Station, then into the West Branch, Kensico, and Hillview reservoirs on the east bank, ending at Hillview in Yonkers, New York.
The aqueduct was constructed between 1939 and 1945, and carries approximately half of New York City's water supply of per day. At wide and long, the Delaware Aqueduct is the world's longest tunnel.
Reservoirs and watersheds
The Delaware Aqueduct carries water from the , watershed using the Rondout, Cannonsville, Neversink and Pepacton reservoirs with the Delaware and Neversink tunnels. (The latter three reservoirs are within the Delaware River watershed. Rondout is considered by the New York City Department of Environmental Protection (NYCDEP) to be part of the Delaware system despite being firmly within the Hudson River watershed.)
Combined, the four reservoirs account for of watershed and of capacity, of which goes to the city — 50% of daily demand. All this water is fed from the Rondout to West Branch Reservoir in Putnam County (part of the Croton River watershed, which includes the flow of the upstream Boyds Corner Reservoir), then to the Kensico, and Hillview reservoirs in southern Westchester County, before continuing on to distribution within New York City.
Leak problems
Leaks were first discovered in the Delaware Aqueduct in 1988, with water losses up to per day. The city took many years to analyze the leak problem and devise a solution. In 2010 it announced a plan for a major repair project.
Repairs
The NYCDEP is building a Rondout-West Branch Bypass Tunnel beneath the Hudson River, which will allow it to bypass the leak. Construction began in November 2013. "The number's going to be $1.5 billion to do the entire program to make the fix," said Paul Rush, Deputy Commissioner of the NYCDEP. "About two-thirds of it, $1 billion, will actually go into constructing a bypass tunnel around the location with the most significant leakage in Roseton, and to do additional concrete grouting in the Wawarsing section."
The new bypass tunnel is the largest construction project in NYCDEP's history. Construction of the tunnel, under the Hudson, was completed in 2019. To complete the repairs the aqueduct was shut down temporarily in 2022. An additional shutdown is planned for October 2024 through spring 2025. Completion of the project is dependent on potential drought conditions and associated demand levels for water from the Delaware system.
See also
Catskill Aqueduct
Croton Aqueduct
Delaware River Basin Commission
References
Further reading
Externa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPEAK%20network | SPEAK is a Christian network which connects people to campaign and pray on issues of global justice. Through bringing change to situations of injustice SPEAK aims to share their faith in God.
The organisation's name comes from Proverbs 31:8-9: "Speak up for those who cannot speak for themselves".
SPEAK combines campaigning and prayer because they believe that they make a powerful combination to bring social transformation. SPEAK believes in networking because they believe that only when acting and praying in unity can people really make a difference.
SPEAK connects both individuals and groups. SPEAK groups typically meet in universities and colleges. Local groups are the main network participants, and there are now over thirty groups in the UK plus others in the United States, France, Spain, various parts of Africa and whole other networks affiliated to SPEAK in Brazil, the Netherlands and Sweden.
In the local group context SPEAK aims to combine faith and action. SPEAK seeks to share their faith in God, as well as campaign for change in where they believe that currently there is injustice, such as world trade and third world debt. SPEAK wants to be a movement that follows Jesus, as he is revealed in the Bible, in a radical way in personal discipleship, as well as striving for social transformation.
As a Christian group, SPEAK aims to base its action on the Bible. Biblical passages such as Proverbs chapter 31 verses 8-9, and Micah chapter 6 verse 8 help to define the purpose of the SPEAK network.
The SPEAK network organises an annual weekend conference known as Soundcheck, which is usually held in London during February. The SPEAK Network also organises regional forums. These events are opportunities for people in local SPEAK groups to meet up with other people involved in the SPEAK Network.
References
External links
SPEAK Network
Leeds SPEAK group
Proverbs 31:8-9
Micah 6:8
Categories
Christian missions |
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