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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hung%20Hom%20station | Hung Hom () is a railway station in Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong. It is an interchange station between the and the domestic services of the MTR network, as well as the southern terminus of cross-border through-trains to mainland China which has been suspended since 4 February 2020. The station is one of four Hong Kong ports of entry on the MTR network; the others are Lo Wu, Lok Ma Chau, and West Kowloon. This station serves the southern terminus of the East Rail Line in early morning before the first northbound train from Admiralty arrives. As the station is located next to the Cross-Harbour Tunnel's northern portal, it is also served by many cross-harbour bus routes.
Opened as the new southern terminus of the Kowloon–Canton Railway (KCR) on 30 November 1975 by Queen Elizabeth II, The station was substantially expanded in the 1990s, at which time it was given its present name. The KCR British Section was also renamed KCR East Rail in order to differentiate it from the new KCR West Rail, which opened on 20 December 2003 and was extended to Hung Hom station on 16 August 2009.
As part of the Sha Tin to Central Link project, the East Rail line was extended across Victoria Harbour to Admiralty via a new immersed tube tunnel to the south of Hung Hom. The West Rail line was also extended via eastern Kowloon to connect to the former , with the combined line being renamed "".
History
Former Hung Hom station
An older station of the same name once existed on Chatham Road South. It was situated on the former coastline of Hung Hom Bay, at the southeastern corner of the Gun Club Hill Barracks (between the current-day Chung Sze Yuen Building A of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University and the Hong Kong History Museum).
This old Hung Hom station, a temporary wooden structure, operated from 1 October 1910 (the day the Kowloon–Canton Railway began operation) until 15 September 1921 It was later demolished and replaced by this station on 30 November 1975.
Relocation of Kowloon station
The in Tsim Sha Tsui began operation in After decades of economic growth in Hong Kong, the station, situated at the seafront of Victoria Harbour, became too small and had no room for expansion. A new Kowloon station (the current Hung Hom station), situated to the east, was officially inaugurated by Chief Secretary Denys Roberts on 24 November 1975 as the new terminus of the Kowloon–Canton Railway. However, it did not start operating until a few days later. The old terminal at Tsim Sha Tsui was closed on 29 November 1975.
The first passenger train from Hung Hom pulled out of the new station the following morning at 8:26 am. On 5 May 1975, Queen Elizabeth II unveiled a plaque commemorating the opening of the new terminal. The new station cost HK$150 million and offered modern new facilities including a spacious waiting hall, a restaurant, a bar, a bookstore, a bank, escalators, and closed circuit television. It was built along with a bus terminus and a multi-storey car pa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground%20Press%20Syndicate | The Underground Press Syndicate (UPS), later known as the Alternative Press Syndicate (APS), was a network of countercultural newspapers and magazines that operated from 1966 into the late 1970s. As it evolved, the Underground Press Syndicate created an Underground Press Service, and later its own magazine.
UPS members agreed to allow all other members to freely reprint their contents, to exchange gratis subscriptions with each other, and to occasionally print a listing of all UPS newspapers with their addresses. Anyone who agreed to those terms was allowed to join the syndicate. As a result, countercultural news stories, criticism, and cartoons were widely disseminated, and a wealth of content was available to even the most modest start-up paper.
Shortly after the formation of the UPS, the number of underground papers throughout North America expanded dramatically. A UPS roster published in November 1966 listed 14 underground papers — a 1971 roster listed 271 UPS-affiliated papers in the United States, Canada, and Europe. The underground press' combined readership eventually reached into the millions.
For many years the Underground Press Syndicate was run by Tom Forcade, who later founded High Times magazine.
History
Formation
The Underground Press Syndicate was initially formed by the publishers of five early underground papers: the East Village Other (New York City), the Los Angeles Free Press, the Berkeley Barb, The Paper (East Lansing, Michigan), and Fifth Estate (Detroit, Michigan).
The first official UPS gathering was held at the home of the San Francisco Oracle's Michael Bowen in Stinson Beach, California, in March 1967, with some 30 people representing a half-dozen papers in attendance.
The meeting was chaotic and largely symbolic, and the concept amorphous. It was hoped that the syndicate would sell national advertising space that would run in all five papers, but this never happened. As Thorne Dreyer and Victoria Smith wrote for Liberation News Service (LNS), the formation of UPS was designed "to create the illusion of a giant coordinated network of freaky papers, poised for the kill". But, they added, "this mythical value was to be extremely important: the shoes could be grown into" and the emergence of UPS helped to create a sense of national community and to make the papers feel less isolated in their efforts.
Walter Bowart and John Wilcock of the East Village Other, with Michael Kindman of The Paper, took the lead in inviting other papers to join. The San Francisco Oracle, The Rag, and the Illustrated Paper (a psychedelic paper published in Mendocino, California) joined soon afterward, and membership grew rapidly in 1967 as new papers were founded (such as the Chicago Seed) and immediately joined. First-hand coverage of the 1967 Detroit riots in Fifth Estate was one example of material that was widely copied in other papers of the syndicate.
The first paper in the deep South to join was The Inquisition (Charlotte, Nort |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interplanetary%20Internet | The interplanetary Internet is a conceived computer network in space, consisting of a set of network nodes that can communicate with each other. These nodes are the planet's orbiters and landers, and the Earth ground stations. For example, the orbiters collect the scientific data from the Curiosity rover on Mars through near-Mars communication links, transmit the data to Earth through direct links from the Mars orbiters to the Earth ground stations, and finally the data routed through Earth's internal internet.
Interplanetary communication is greatly delayed by interplanetary distances, so a new set of protocols and technologies that are tolerant to large delays and errors are required. The interplanetary Internet is a store and forward network of internets that is often disconnected, has a wireless backbone fraught with error-prone links and delays ranging from tens of minutes to even hours, even when there is a connection.
Challenges and reasons
In the core implementation of Interplanetary Internet, satellites orbiting a planet communicate to other planet's satellites. Simultaneously, these planets revolve around the Sun with long distances, and thus many challenges face the communications. The reasons and the resultant challenges are:
The motion and long distances between planets: The interplanetary communication is greatly delayed due to the interplanetary distances and the motion of the planets. The delay is variable and long, ranges from a couple of minutes (Earth-to-Mars), to a couple of hours (Pluto-to-Earth), depending on their relative positions. The interplanetary communication also suspends due to the solar conjunction, when the sun's radiation hinders the direct communication between the planets. As such, the communication characterizes lossy links and intermittent link connectivity.
Low embeddable payload: Satellites can only carry a small payload, which poses challenges to the power, mass, size, and cost for communication hardware design. An asymmetric bandwidth would be the result of this limitation. This asymmetry reaches ratios up to 1000:1 as downlink:uplink bandwidth portion.
Absence of fixed infrastructure: The graph of participating nodes in a specific planet to a specific planet communication keeps changing over time, due to the constant motion. The routes of the planet-to-planet communication are planned and scheduled rather than being opportunistic.
The Interplanetary Internet design must address these challenges to operate successfully and achieve good communication with other planets. It also must use the few available resources efficiently in the system.
Development
Space communication technology has steadily evolved from expensive, one-of-a-kind point-to-point architectures, to the re-use of technology on successive missions, to the development of standard protocols agreed upon by space agencies of many countries. This last phase has gone on since 1982 through the efforts of the Consultative Committee for |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginza%20Musik | Ginza Musik AB (Ginza) is a Swedish mail order company that sells music, movies, and computer games.
The company was founded in 1968 when CEO Hans Haraldsson started selling vinyl records and music cassettes from his home. Since its founding, the company has been based in the small village of Fåglum about 75 km north east of Gothenburg.
Ginza Musik had 60 employees and a turnover of about 300 million SEK (33 M€) in 2004. In 2007, the company planned to start offering downloadable music over the Internet; however, in 2011 they reported that they would continue to focus on selling physical records, and that their sales figures of CDs and vinyl records were increasing.
In 2017, the company had 50 employees and processed 8,000 - 10,000 orders per week.
The name Ginza is taken from the 1966 song Ginza Lights by The Ventures.
References
External links
Companies based in Västra Götaland County
Online retailers of Sweden |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrotrichogenesis | Electrotrichogenesis (ETG) involves the stimulation of hair follicles on the scalp with the electric charge of an electrostatic field.
Three studies are listed in the PubMed database relating to the technique.
Electrotrichogenesis was approved in Europe with the CE mark, as a medical device. It was also approved by Health Canada and the Australian health office.
References
Further reading
.
Electrotrichogenesis was also approved by KFDA (Korean Food and Drug Administration) http://www.haircell.co.kr/index.php
Report Dr. Chu (2003) - Imperial College of Science. Technology and Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital . London (UK) https://web.archive.org/web/20151112014612/http://www.nuhairuk.co.uk/pdf/DrChu'sReport.pdf
External links
Reuters news info on Current Technology Corporation, a company that offers electrotrichogenesis treatments.
Dermatologic procedures |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20Error%20%28musician%29 | Rafał Kuczynski (born 21 May 1982), better known by his stage name Human Error, is a Polish electronic record producer. He mostly works in the ambient music genre and produces only with a computer. Human Error's first songs were made around 2000, and his first official album was released in 2002 by Requiem Records.
Discography
2005 - Shrinke - Land of Gods (promo album)
2003 - Tajemnice Ludzkiej Dłoni (publisher: Requiem Records)
2002 - Battery Farm (publisher: Requiem Records)
External links
Official website
1982 births
Living people
Ambient musicians
Polish electronic musicians |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZPE | ZPE may refer to:
Zero-point energy
ZPE Programming Environment
Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhongyuan%20Airlines | Zhongyuan Airlines (中原航空 Zhōngyuán Hángkōng) was an airline based in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China. Its main base was Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport.
Code data
IATA Code: Z2
ICAO Code: CYN
Callsign: ZHONGYUAN
History
Zhongyuan Airlines was established on May 15, 1986 as a regional airline serving China's Zhongyuan (central plains) region. It was acquired by China Southern Airlines on August 4, 2000.
Fleet
5 - Boeing 737-37K - registration: B-2574, B-2935, B-2936, B-2946, N1800B
2 - Xian Y-7 - registration: B-3438, B-3439
See also
References
External links
Zhongyuan Airlines (Archive)
Zhongyuan Airlines (Archive)
Merger Article
Defunct airlines of China
Airlines established in 1986
Airlines disestablished in 2000
Airlines of China
Chinese companies established in 1986
China Southern Airlines
Chinese companies disestablished in 2000 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop%20notes | Desktop notes are computer applications that allow putting Post-it note-like windows on the screen, with reminders, short notes and other clippings. They are typically rectangular and yellow, like their physical counterpart, but most applications support other colours and more elaborate designs.
The earliest-known desktop note application is "Note pad" made for the GEOS system for the Commodore 64 in 1985. For the Macintosh, the Stickies application was developed by Jens Alfke and included in System 7.5, released in 1994. A number of applications have duplicated the functionality of Stickies on other platforms.
macOS has its own built-in desktop note functionality with the Stickies application and, from Mac OS X Tiger through macOS Mojave, with Dashboard, an application that has notes and other desktop widgets.
On Microsoft Windows, desktop note applications have been included by default since Windows Vista, which has the Notes "gadget". It is used as part of Windows Sidebar. As Microsoft states in its description, "Notes" can be used to "Capture ideas, notes and remainders in a quick and easy way." On Windows 7, the successor to Vista, this functionality is replaced by a stand-alone application called Sticky Notes, in which the notes can be freely repositioned on the screen. Third-party desktop note applications such as ShixxNOTE offer more options than Sticky Notes.
On Linux, desktop notes have existed for a long period of time. The GNOME desktop environment has a built in "sticky notes" feature available, whereas KDE (K Desktop Environment) has a desktop notes application called Knote.
See also
Desk Accessory
Desktop widget
Web annotation
References
Desktop widgets |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LispMe | LispMe is an interpreter for the Scheme programming language developed by Fred Bayer for Palm OS PDAs. It is free software released under the GNU General Public License. It is reasonably close to standard Scheme but is not fully R5RS compliant. Scheme source programs can be stored in Palm OS memopad format while Scheme sessions, are stored in Palm OS PDB database files and can be interrupted and restarted. There is some support for Palm OS user interface primitives. LispMe also provides some database support.
LispMe sessions can be given a "starter icon", which appears in the Applications menu, enabling the session to be run as a Palm Pilot application.
The product ended development in August 2008, but is fairly complete and quite robust.
References
External links
LispMe's homepage
A review of LispMe on the Scheme Wiki
Scheme (programming language) interpreters
Scheme (programming language) implementations
Palm OS software
Free compilers and interpreters |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollen%20zone | Pollen zones are a system of subdividing the Last Glacial Period and Holocene paleoclimate using the data from pollen cores. The sequence provides a global chronological structure to a wide variety of researchers, such as geologists, climatologists, geographers and archaeologists, who study the physical and cultural environment of the last 15,000 years.
History
The palynological aspects of the system were first investigated extensively by the Swedish palynologist Lennart von Post in the years before the First World War. By analysing pollen in core samples taken from peat bogs, von Post noticed that different plant species were represented in bands through the cores.
The differing species and differing quantities of the same species are caused by changes in climate. Von Post was able to confirm the Blytt–Sernander climatic sequence showing fluctuations between warmer and colder periods across thousands of years. He used local peat sequences combined with varve dating to produce a regional climatic chronology for Scandinavia.
In 1940 Harry Godwin began applying von Post's methods to pollen cores from the British Isles to produce the wider European sequence accepted today. It basically expanded the Blytt-Sernander further into the late Pleistocene and refined some of its periods. Following the Second World War, the technique spread to the Americas.
Currently scientists are focusing a repertory of several different methods on core samples in peat, ice, lake and ocean bottoms, and sediments to achieve "high resolution" dating not possible to only one method: carbon dating, dendrochronology, isotope ratios on a number of gases, studies of insects and molluscs, and others. While often doubting the utility of the modified Bytt-Sernander, they seem to confirm and expand it all the more.
Notes on the sequence table
At present nine main pollen zones, I-IX, are defined, based on the work of J. Iversen, published in 1954. These are matched to period names called "biostratigraphic divisions" in the table, which were defined for Denmark by Iverson based on layers in the peat bogs. They represent climatic and biological zones in the peat.
Others have used these names in different senses, such as the 1974 chronozones of J. Mangerud. The sequences in Germany and Sweden are not exactly the same as those in Denmark, inviting scientists there to use the names still differently or make other definitions. Moreover, the names are apt to be used interchangeably for glacials, interglacials, stadial, interstadials, or oscillations, leading some scientists to deplore the lack of system.
The system of the table below covers from around 13,000 BC to the modern day. Dates, given in years BC, are best viewed as being based on uncalibrated C-14 dates, which, when calibrated, would result in much earlier BC dates. For example, an Older Dryas start date of 10,000 BC translates roughly into an uncalibrated BP date of 12,000. Calibrated, that becomes 14,000 BP, 12,000 BC. To |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari%20DOS | Atari DOS is the disk operating system used with the Atari 8-bit family of computers. Operating system extensions loaded into memory were required in order for an Atari computer to manage files stored on a disk drive. These extensions to the operating system added the disk handler and other file management features.
The most important extension is the disk handler. In Atari DOS 2.0, this was the File Management System (FMS), an implementation of a file system loaded from a floppy disk. This meant at least an additional RAM was needed to run with DOS loaded.
Versions
There were several versions of Atari DOS available, with the first version released in 1979. Atari was using a cross assembler with Data General AOS.
DOS 1.0
In the first version of DOS from Atari all commands were only accessible from the menu. It was bundled with the 810 disk drives. This version was entirely memory resident, which made it fast but occupied memory space.
DOS 2.0
Also known as DISK OPERATING SYSTEM II VERSION 2.0S
The second, more popular version of DOS from Atari was bundled with the 810 disk drives and some early 1050 disk drives. It is considered to be the lowest common denominator for Atari DOSes, as any Atari-compatible disk drive can read a disk formatted with DOS 2.0S.
DOS 2.0S consisted of DOS.SYS and DUP.SYS. DOS.SYS was loaded into memory, while DUP.SYS contained the disk utilities and was loaded only when the user exited to DOS.
In addition to bug fixes, DOS 2.0S featured improved NOTE/POINT support and the ability to automatically run an Atari executable file named AUTORUN.SYS. Since user memory was erased when DUP.SYS was loaded, an option to create a MEM.SAV file was added. This stored user memory in a temporary file (MEM.SAV) and restored it after DUP.SYS was unloaded. The previous menu option from DOS 1.0, N. DEFINE DEVICE, was replaced with N. CREATE MEM.SAV in DOS 2.0S.
Version 2.0S was for single-density disks, 2.0D was for double-density disks. 2.0D shipped with the 815 Dual Disk Drive, which was both expensive and incompatible with the standard 810, and thus sold only a small number; making DOS version 2.0D rare and unusual.
DOS 3
A new version of DOS that came originally bundled with the 5.25-inch Atari 1050 disk drive. This made use of the new Enhanced Density (ED) capability, also referred to by Atari as Dual Density. This increased storage from 88 KB to 130 KB per disk. There was a single density (88 KB) formatting option to maintain compatibility with older Atari 810 disk drives.
By organizing sectors into blocks, Atari was anticipating larger capacity floppy disks, but this resulted in incompatibility with DOS 2.0S. Files converted to DOS 3 could not be converted back to DOS 2.0. As a result, DOS 3 was extremely unpopular and did not gain widespread acceptance amongst the Atari user community.
DOS 3 provided built-in help via the Atari HELP key and/or the inverse key. Help files needed to be present on the system DOS disk to fun |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LZ1 | LZ1 may refer to the following:
Zeppelin LZ 1, the first Zeppelin rigid airship
LZ1 (algorithm), a lossless data compression algorithm
Led Zeppelin (album), the first album by Led Zeppelin
LZ1 (Lanzarote), a road in the Canary Islands
2012 LZ1, a Near-Earth Asteroid
Landing Zone 1, a rocket landing pad operated by SpaceX
See also
LZI (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ILLIAC | ILLIAC (Illinois Automatic Computer) was a series of supercomputers built at a variety of locations, some at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. In all, five computers were built in this series between 1951 and 1974. Some more modern projects also use the name.
Architectural blueprint
The architecture for the first two UIUC computers was taken from a technical report from a committee at the Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) at Princeton, First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC (1945), edited by John von Neumann (but with ideas from Eckert, Mauchley, and many others.) The designs in this report were not tested at Princeton until a later machine, JOHNNIAC, was completed in 1953. However, the technical report was a major influence on computing in the 1950s, and was used as a blueprint for many other computers, including two at the University of Illinois, which were both completed before Princeton finished Johnniac. The University of Illinois was the only institution to build two instances of the IAS machine. In fairness, several of the other universities, including Princeton, invented new technology (new types of memory or I/O devices) during the construction of their computers, which delayed those projects. For ILLIAC I, II, and IV, students associated with IAS at Princeton (Abraham H. Taub, Donald B. Gillies, Daniel Slotnick) played a key role in the computer designs.
ORDVAC
ORDVAC was the first of two computers built under contract at the University of Illinois. ORDVAC was completed the spring of 1951 and checked out in the summer. In the fall it was delivered to the US Army's Aberdeen Proving Grounds and was checked out in roughly one week. As part of the contract, funds were provided to the University of Illinois to build a second identical computer known as ILLIAC I.
ILLIAC I
ILLIAC I was built at the University of Illinois based on the same design as the ORDVAC. It was the first von Neumann architecture computer built and owned by an American university. It was put into service on September 22, 1952.
ILLIAC I was built with 2,800 vacuum tubes and weighed about 5 tons. By 1956 it had gained more computing power than all computers in Bell Labs combined. Data was represented in 40-bit words, of which 1,024 could be stored in the main memory, and 12,800 on drum memory.
Immediately after the 1957 launch of Sputnik, the ILLIAC I was used to calculate an ephemeris of the satellite's orbit, later published in Nature.
ILLIAC I was decommissioned in 1963 when ILLIAC II (see below) became operational.
ILLIAC II
The ILLIAC II was the first transistorized and pipelined supercomputer built by the University of Illinois. ILLIAC II and The IBM 7030 Stretch were two competing projects to build 1st-generation transistorized supercomputers
. ILLIAC II was an asynchronous logic design. At its inception in 1958 it was 100 times faster than competing machines of that day. It became operational in 1962, two years later than expected. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20strategy | Football strategy can refer to the strategy of any of the sports referred to as football.
See:
Association football tactics and skills
American football strategy
Computer Football Strategy, a Commodore 64 computer game by Avalon Hill |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20Science%20Research%20Network | The Social Science Research Network (SSRN) is a repository for preprints devoted to the rapid dissemination of scholarly research in the social sciences, humanities, life sciences, and health sciences, among others. Elsevier bought SSRN from Social Science Electronic Publishing Inc. in May 2016. It is not an electronic journal, but rather an eLibrary and search engine.
History
SSRN was founded in 1994 by Michael C. Jensen and Wayne Marr, both financial economists.
In January 2013, SSRN was ranked the largest open-access repository in the world by Ranking Web of Repositories (an initiative of the Cybermetrics Lab, a research group belonging to the Spanish National Research Council), measured by number of PDF files, backlinks and Google Scholar results.
In May 2016, SSRN was bought from Social Science Electronic Publishing Inc. by Elsevier. On 17 May 2016, the SSRN founder and chairman Michael C. Jensen wrote a letter to the SSRN community in which he cited SSRN CEO Gregg Gordon's post on the Elsevier Connect and the "new opportunities" coming from the fusion, such as a broader global network and the freedom "to upload and download papers" (with more data, more resources, as well as new management tools). While predicting "some conflicts" on the interests alignment of the former competitors, he defined them as "surmountable".
In July 2016 there were reports of papers being removed from SSRN without notice; revision comments from SSRN indicated this was due to copyright concerns. Gordon characterized the issue as a mistake affecting about 20 papers.
Operations
Academic papers in Portable Document Format can be uploaded directly to the SSRN site by authors and are then available around the world for download. Users can also subscribe to abstracting emails covering a broad range of research areas and topic specialties. These distributing emails contain abstracts (with links to the full text where applicable) of papers recently submitted to SSRN in the respective field.
SSRN, like other preprint services, circulates publications throughout the scholarly community at an early stage, permitting the author to incorporate comments into the final version of the paper before its publication in a journal. Moreover, even if access to the published paper is restricted, access to the original working paper remains open through SSRN, so long as the author decides to keep the paper up. Often authors take papers down at the request of publishers, particularly if they are published by commercial or university presses that depend on payment for paper copies or online access.
As of 2019, download by users is generally subject to registration and/or completion of a ReCAPTCHA challenge and therefore SSRN is not considered by some to be a suitable open access location, unlike open archives like most institutional repositories.
Publishers and institutions can upload papers and charge a fee for readers to download them.
On SSRN, authors and papers are ranked b |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne%20tram%20route%2059 | Melbourne tram route 59 is operated by Yarra Trams on the Melbourne tram network from Airport West to Flinders Street station. The 14.7 kilometre route is operated out of Essendon depot with Z and B class trams.
History
Route 59 was first allocated to the line between Essendon Aerodrome and the Elizabeth Street terminus on 16 May 1943, when the Essendon line was extended to the Essendon Airport. Prior to that, route 59 had been allocated to the Williamstown Road line on the Footscray system, but numbers were never really used since the single-truck trams that ran the line didn't have route number boxes. Trams from Essendon had always terminated at Elizabeth Street, though before the Brunswick cable tram line was converted in 1936, they instead terminated on William Street. During the years where Essendon airport was Melbourne's primary airport, airlines usually transported passengers to the airport for free, the tram to Essendon Aerodrome was usually only used by airport workers. Thus when Tullamarine Airport opened in 1970, the line became of little use, and along with the fact that the line dangerously crossed the Tullamarine Freeway at grade, it was decided to truncate the line to terminate at Hawker Street, Airport West on 7 October 1976. On 22 December 1992, the line was extended by 1.2 kilometres to Airport West Shopping Centre.
The origins of Route 59 lie in separate lines. The oldest section of the line is between Flinders Street station (Stop 1) and Haymarket (Stop 9) was originally constructed as part of the Brunswick cable tram line, which opened on 1 October 1887. This line was converted to electric traction on 29 December 1936. The section of track between Abbotsford Street (near Stop 20) and Flemington Bridge station (Stop 22) was also originally part of the cable network as the North Melbourne line, which was converted to electric traction on 19 July 1925. The line between Abbotsford Street and Haymarket was constructed and opened by the Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board on the same day. The section between Flemington Bridge and Keilor Road (near Stop 46) was originally opened by the North Melbourne Electric Tramway & Lighting Company on 11 October 1906. This line was extended to Gilles Street (near Stop 49) on 7 July 1923, and then again to Birdwood Street (near Stop 51) on 7 February 1937. The line to Hawker Street (Stop 57) opened on 16 May 1943 as part of the Essendon Aerodrome line. The rest of the line to Airport West opened on 22 December 1992.
G-class trams will roll out on the route in 2025.
Route Description
The route starts at the corner of Matthews Avenue and Rodd Road, Airport West and operates via Niddrie, Essendon, Moonee Ponds Junction, Ascot Vale, Flemington, North Melbourne and Elizabeth Street to terminate at Flinders Street station.
Operation
Routes 59 is operated out of Essendon depot with Z and B class trams.
Route map
References
External links
059
059
Elizabeth Street, Melbourne
1943 establishm |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne%20tram%20route%2057 | Melbourne tram route 57 is operated by Yarra Trams on the Melbourne tram network from West Maribyrnong to Flinders Street station. The 11.6 kilometre route is operated out of Essendon depot with Z class trams.
History
Route 57 was first allocated to the line between West Maribyrnong and the City via North Melbourne on 22 December 1940 when the Maribyrnong line was extended from the Maribyrnong River to West Maribyrnong. Prior to that, the number was officially listed for the Ballarat Road line on the Footscray system, but was never used in practice since the single-truck trams used on that line didn't have route number boxes. Before the West Maribyrnong extension, services on the Maribyrnong line were provided by Route 54, which ran from the Maribyrnong River terminus to the City via North Melbourne. Trams would terminate in William Street prior to the conversion of the Elizabeth Street line in 1935. On 12 November 1961 trams on Sunday were replaced on route 57 by buses. Sunday trams were reinstated on 8 August 1993.
The origins of Route 57 lie in separate lines. The section between Flinders Street (Stop 1) and Victoria Street (Stop 7) is the oldest section of track, dating back to the Brunswick cable tram line, which opened on 1 October 1887. This section was converted to electric traction on 17 November 1935. The section between Flemington Bridge station (near Stop 22) and Victoria Street dates back to the North Melbourne cable tram line, which opened on 3 March 1890, and was fully electrified on 24 September 1935. The section between the Maribyrnong River (near Stop 41) and Flemington Bridge was constructed by the North Melbourne Electric Tramway & Lighting Company as part of its original electric tramway system on 11 October 1906. The section from the Maribyrnong River to West Maribyrnong was opened by the Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board on 22 December 1940. In 2000, the West Maribyrnong terminus was concreted with the former munitions siding removed.
G-class trams will roll out on the route in 2025.
Proposed extensions
There have been proposals, supported by the Public Transport Users Association and local politicians, to extend route 57 north-west along Milleara Road to Avondale Heights and Keilor East. Variations of this proposal including building a park & ride facility near the terminus, or establishing a high frequency bus service between the terminus and Keilor East down Milleara Road.
The State Government in 2009 also proposed the tram be extended into the new suburb planned for the former Maribyrnong Defence Site. The tram would head north from its current terminus into the heart of the new suburb.
Route
The route runs from the corner of Cordite and Central Park Avenues adjacent to the Defence Explosive Factory, West Maribyrnong via Moonee Ponds, Ascot Vale, Flemington, Kensington and North Melbourne before proceeding along Elizabeth Street to terminate outside Flinders Street station.
Route 57 shares track with route |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne%20tram%20route%2082 | Melbourne tram route 82 is operated by Yarra Trams on the Melbourne tram network from Moonee Ponds Junction to Footscray railway station. It is one of only two tram routes which does not travel through the Melbourne CBD, the other being route 78. Part of its route is the last surviving segment of the Footscray tram network. It commenced operating on 2 May 1954.
The 9.2 kilometre route is operated out of Essendon depot with Z class trams.
The route passes Highpoint Shopping Centre in Maribyrnong. A short section (less than 700 metres) of the route is a light rail reserve track parallel to Wests Road, Maribyrnong. The route overlaps route 57 between the intersection of Maribyrnong and Union Roads, Ascot Vale, and Raleigh and Wests Roads, Maribyrnong.
On 12 November 1961 trams on Sunday were replaced on route 82 by buses. In January 1993, the Kennett government announced it proposed to withdraw route 82. However it was not implemented and Sunday trams were reinstated on 8 August 1993.
Until January 2016, route 82 trams terminated south of Moonee Ponds Junction in the middle of the Ascot Vale Road. After the stop was rebuilt, route 82 trams were extended to terminate at the main platforms with a headshunt built to the north.
Unlike most other tram routes, route 82 does not operate within close proximity of its depot to allow crew transfers en route. Hence at the beginning and end of shifts, trams operate from and to Essendon depot. Although not advertised in the public timetables, passengers can use these, with trams operating along Mount Alexander Road via route 59. This will be the case until 2025 when the Maidstone tram depot near the route is built, and G-class trams stabled at the depot will roll out onto the route.
Route map
References
External links
082
Transport in the City of Moonee Valley
Transport in the City of Maribyrnong
1954 establishments in Australia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drakconf | drakconf, or the Mandriva Control Center, is a computer program written in Perl for the configuration of Mandriva Linux, a Linux distribution. It is a tool that allows easy configuration of Mandriva.
It is licensed under the open-source GNU General Public License.
It is also used by Mageia, a fork of Mandriva, where it is called Mageia Control Center.
It is part of the so-called drakxtools and is specifically designed for this Linux distribution for running under command-line or X Window System environment. However the source code is available, so it could be ported to other distributions. This tool is a key feature in Mandriva Linux because it puts many configuration tools together in one place, and it is easier for a user who is new to Linux for configuring their system instead of changing configuration files using a text editor.
References
Online Help of the Program by the Mandriva Documentation Team
Mandriva Control Center on Mandriva Wiki
Free software programmed in Perl
Linux package management-related software
Mandriva Linux |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File%20%28command%29 | The file command is a standard program of Unix and Unix-like operating systems for recognizing the type of data contained in a computer file.
History
The original version of file originated in Unix Research Version 4 in 1973. System V brought a major update with several important changes, most notably moving the file type information into an external text file rather than compiling it into the binary itself.
Most major BSD and Linux distributions use a free, open-source reimplementation which was written in 1986–87 by Ian Darwin from scratch; it keeps file type information in a text file with a format based on that of the System V version. It was expanded by Geoff Collyer in 1989 and since then has had input from many others, including Guy Harris, Chris Lowth and Eric Fischer; from late 1993 onward its maintenance has been organized by Christos Zoulas. The OpenBSD system has its own subset implementation written from scratch, but still uses the Darwin/Zoulas collection of magic file formatted information.
The command has also been ported to the IBM i operating system.
Specification
The Single UNIX Specification (SUS) specifies that a series of tests are performed on the file specified on the command line:
if the file cannot be read, or its Unix file type is undetermined, the file program will indicate that the file was processed but its type was undetermined.
file must be able to determine the types directory, FIFO, socket, block special file, and character special file
zero-length files are identified as such
an initial part of file is considered and file is to use position-sensitive tests
the entire file is considered and file is to use context-sensitive tests
the file is identified as a data file
file's position-sensitive tests are normally implemented by matching various locations within the file against a textual database of magic numbers (see the Usage section). This differs from other simpler methods such as file extensions and schemes like MIME.
In the System V implementation, the Ian Darwin implementation, and the OpenBSD implementation, the file command uses a database to drive the probing of the lead bytes. That database is implemented in a file called magic, whose location is usually in /etc/magic, /usr/share/file/magic or a similar location.
Usage
The SUS mandates the following options:
-M file, specify a file specially formatted containing position-sensitive tests; default position-sensitive tests and context-sensitive tests will not be performed.
-m file, as for -M, but default tests will be performed after the tests contained in file.
-d, perform default position-sensitive and context-sensitive tests to the given file; this is the default behaviour unless -M or -m is specified.
-h, do not dereference symbolic links that point to an existing file or directory.
-L, dereference the symbolic link that points to an existing file or directory.
-i, do not classify the file further than to identify it as either: nonex |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC%20flood | Flooding or scrolling on an IRC network is a method of disconnecting users from an IRC server (a form of Denial of Service), exhausting bandwidth which causes network latency ('lag'), or just disrupting users. Floods can either be done by scripts (written for a given client) or by external programs.
History
The history of Internet Relay Chat flooding started as a method of taking over an IRC channel from the original founders of the channel.
The first attacks generally used a modified IRC client or an application to flood a channel or a user.
Later they started to be based on bots and scripts.
This later moved on to starting IRC-based botnets which were capable of DDoS and IRC floods.
Types of floods
Connect flood
Connecting and disconnecting from a channel as fast as possible, therefore spamming the channel with dis/connect messages also called q/j flooding.
CTCP flood
Since CTCP is implemented in almost every client, most users respond to CTCP requests. By sending too many requests, after a couple of answers they get disconnected from the IRC server. The most widely used type is CTCP PING, although some clients also implement other CTCP replies.
DCC flood
This type consists of initiating many DCC requests simultaneously. Theoretically it can also be used to disconnect users, because the target client sends information back about what port is intended to be used during the DCC session.
ICMP flood
Typically referred to as a ping flood. This attack overloads the victim's internet connection with an amount of ICMP data exceeding the connection's capacity, potentially causing a disconnection from the IRC network. For the duration of the attack, the user's internet connection remains hindered. Technically speaking, this is not an IRC flood, as the attack itself doesn't traverse the IRC network at all, but operates entirely independent of anything but the raw internet connection and its IP protocol (of which ICMP is a subset). Even so, the actual IP address to flood (the address of the victim's connection) is frequently obtained by looking at the victim's user information (e.g. through the /whois or /dns command) on the IRC network.
Invite flood
Sending disruptive numbers of invites to a certain channel.
Post flood
This is the simplest type of IRC flooding. It involves posting large numbers of posts or one very long post with repetitive text. This type of flood can be achieved, for example, by copying and pasting one short word repeatedly.
Message flood
Sending massive numbers of private messages to the victim, mainly from different connections called clones (see below). Since some clients separate the private conversations into another window, each new message could open a new window for every new user a message is received from. This is exploitable by sending messages from multiple names, causing the target client to open many new windows and potentially swamping the user with boxes. Sometimes the easiest way to close all the windows is t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilley | Lilley may refer to:
Surname
Charles Lilley (1827–1897), chief justice in Queensland
Chris Lilley (comedian) (born 1974), Australian comedian
Chris Lilley (computer scientist) (born 1959), British computer scientist
David Lilley (born 1977), Scottish footballer
Dick Lilley (1866–1929), English cricketer
George L. Lilley (1859–1909), U.S. Congressman and Governor
James R. Lilley (1928–2009), U.S. diplomat
Jemma Lilley (born 1991), English crime fiction writer and murderer
Jen Lilley (born 1984), American actress and singer
Jordan Lilley (born 1996), English rugby league footballer
Madison Lilley (born 1999), American volleyball player
Mial Eben Lilley (1850–1915), U.S. Congressman
Peter Lilley (born 1943), British politician
Valerie Lilley (born 1939), Northern Irish actress
Places
Division of Lilley, an electoral division in Queensland, Australia
Lilley, Berkshire, a location in the U.K.
Lilley, Hertfordshire, England
Lilley Township, Michigan, USA
See also
Lili (disambiguation)
Lille (disambiguation)
Lilli (disambiguation)
Lillie (disambiguation)
Lilly (disambiguation)
Lily (disambiguation)
English-language surnames |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-evo | C-evo is a free turn-based strategy computer game whose source code is in the public domain by German developer Steffen Gerlach, its programmer and designer, making the game freeware.
C-evo is an empire building game based on Civilization II, but with a different focus; it aims to be a pure "game" with all players playing to win, rather than the more simulationist side of the Civilization series. As a result, it is known for tough and uncompromising artificial intelligence computer opponents; some of these AIs have been contributed by the player base and are separately downloadable.
Gameplay
C-evo is an empire building game, dealing with the history of humans from antiquity into the future. This includes aspects of exploration and expansion, war and diplomacy, cultivation and pollution, industry and agriculture, research and administration.
Players must constantly make decisions such as whether and where to build cities, roads, irrigation, fortresses, and whether to form an alliance with a neighboring country or risk attacking it, and whether to devote scarce resources to research, production, warfare, or the morale of the populace. A successful player manages to find a balance among these choices.
The game starts with the development of primitive technologies such as the wheel, and ends when the first player has successfully constructed an spaceship going to outer space. As the game progresses, the player finds that the building of factories, for example, leads to increased pollution, which must be cleared up and can be stopped through development of cleaner technologies.
The setup allows the player to either choose a map or supply size and ocean-to-land ratio to have one generated randomly, and to choose how many (1 to 15) tribes – also called nations – will populate it when the game starts, as well as which intelligence will control each tribe during the game – that is, either a human player or any artificial intelligence such as Gerlach's default AI that is included with the game; alternative AIs have been designed and contributed by other programmers. A supervisor mode allows games where all tribes are controlled by artificial intelligence. Games with more than one human player can be played in hotseat mode.
Design and resources
On the C-evo webpage, the game, its source code, AI modules, graphics, and player contributions such as many additional nations, maps, mods, and utilities are available.
The documentation of the AI's DLL-interface is available from the project homepage. There is also an AI development kit, available in C# since version 1.1.2, in Delphi, and in C++. The C# kit is included with the game, as is a map editor.
Reception
At the 2005 International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Rubén Sánchez-Pelegrín and Belén Díaz-Agudo presented a paper entitled "An Intelligent Decision Module based on CBR for C-evo", which discusses using C-evo as a platform to perform artificial intelligence research. Th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caracol%20Televisi%C3%B3n | Caracol Televisión (known as Caracol and previously as Canal Caracol) is a Colombian free-to-air television network owned by Caracol Medios, a unit of Grupo Valorem. It is one of the leading private TV networks in Colombia, alongside Canal RCN and Canal 1. The network distributes and produces 5,000+ programs and has aired in more than 80 countries.
History
As a programadora
Caracol Televisión, as it is known today, began to take shape in 1954, when the Organization Radiodifusora Caracol offered to the Televisora Nacional (the then only TV channel in Colombia later turned into Inravisión, today RTVC Sistema de Medios Publicos) a formula to sustain its operation by means of the concession of certain programming spaces for commercial exploitation. At that time, executives Fernando Londoño Henao, Cayetano Betancur, Carlos Sanz de Santamaria, Pedro Navias and Germán Montoya began to raise the possibility of establishing the first television programming company (or programadora). A year later, in 1955, this idea was accepted; it was decided the rights would be split with the national broadcaster, creating TVC (Televisión Comercial Limitada).
In 1967, the National Institute of Radio and Television, Inravisión, which at the time operated the Canal Nacional, awarded by means of a tender to TVC 45 hours of programming a week.
In September 1969, TVC was transformed into Caracol Televisión S.A., with the primary objective of marketing and producing television programs.
In 1972, Campeones de la risa was born, later known as Sábados felices, a humor program directed by Alfonso Lizarazo until the end of the 1990s, and which still continues in the air as of 2020. Caracol TV would steadily increase its programming output and by the late 1980s it was producing the 20:00 telenovela, a slot including San Tropel, Quieta Margarita, Música Maestro, and Calamar, among others.
Caracol TV was one of the Colombian programadoras which belonged to the Organización de Televisión Iberoamericana as the OTI Colombia consortium, allowing it to become one of the rights holders for the Olympic Games and the FIFA World Cup.
In 1987, the Santo Domingo Group (today Valórem) acquired the shareholding control and begins a technological and administrative modernization.
During the tender that awarded the television spots between 1992 and 1997 in Colombian television, the company became one of the largest concessionaires, with their programs broadcast exclusively in Cadena Uno, now Canal Uno.
As a national private TV network
In development of a new legislation that allowed the concession to private operators of the television service, on November 24, 1997, Caracol Televisión received one of the two awards to operate as "national channel of private operation" for 10 years by the then National Television Commission (CNTV, later ANTV), the other license being granted to rival RCN Televisión. Under the chairmanship of Mábel García de Ángel, an expansion plan was implemented, in or |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20television%20stations%20in%20Latin%20America | This is a list of Latin American television stations.
Pay television channels
A&E Latin America
Animal Planet Latin America
AXN
Boomerang
Cinecanal
Cartoon Network
Comedy Central
Discovery Civilization
Discovery Kids
Discovery Science Channel
Discovery Turbo
Disney Channel
Disney Junior
Disney XD
Enlace TBN
ESPN
ESPN 2
ESPN 3
Eurochannel
Fox Sports
Fox Sports 2
Fox Sports 3
EWTN Latin America
FXM
HBO
History
I.Sat
TNT Series
ManagemenTV
MTV Latin America
MuchMusic
Nat Geo Kids
National Geographic Channel Latin America
Nickelodeon Latin America
Nick Jr.
Investigation Discovery
TruTV
Canal Sony
Space
Star Channel
Star Premium
Telehit
Telesur
Universal TV
Warner Channel
Caribbean
Cuba
Dominican Republic
HIN-TVAntena Latina
Canal 25
CDN Cadena de noticias
HISD-TVCERTV
HIMQ-TVColor Visión
Microvision Canal 10
RNN
HIJB-TVTele Antillas
HITM-TVTelemicro
HITD-TVTelesistema
Guadeloupe
Note: All transmissions in Guadeloupe are in digital terrestrial television.
Local channels
Channel 1, Guadeloupe La Première
Channel 3, Canal 10
Channel 4, France 2
Channel 5, France 3
Channel 6, France 4
Channel 7, France 5
Channel 9, ARTE
Channel 10, franceinfo:
Channel 11, Éclair Télévision (ETV)
Channel 12, Alizés Guadeloupe
Cable TV
On cable TV (SFR Caraïbe), the local channels are:
Alizés Guadeloupe
Canal 10
Éclair Télévision
Guadeloupe La 1ère
Haiti
Haiti TV
Port-au-Prince
Canal 4 Télé Eclair
Canal 5 Télémax
Canal 6 Radio Tele 6 Univers – Les Cayes, Sud (website)
Canal 8 TNH (Télévision Nationale d'Haiti)
Canal 11 Canal 11
Canal 13 Télé Timoun/
Canal 16 Télé Shalom
Canal 18 Radio Télé Ginen
Canal 20 Tele Podium
Canal 22 Tele Caraïbes
Canal 24 Tele Lumiere
Canal 28 Kanal Kreyol
Canal 30 Tele Variete Haiti
Canal 32 Tele Pa Nou
Canal 34 Tele 34
Canal 36 Tele Antillaise
Canal 38 Canal Bleu
Canal 40 Tele Star
Canal 42 Tele Antilles
Canal 44 Tele Pluriel
Canal 46 Tele Maxima
Canal 50 TV Numerique Multicanal
Canal 52 Tele Metropole
Other areas in Haiti
Canal 4 TNH
Canal 4 Télé Caramel – Les Cayes, Sud
Canal 6 TV Nord'Ouest
Canal 6 Radio Tele 6 Univers – Les Cayes, Sud (website)
Canal 7 Tele 7 Cap-Haïtien
Canal 7 Tele Yaguana - Leogane
Canal 9 Tele Cap-Haïtien
Canal 9 Tele Provinciale 9/TNH, Gonaïves
Canal 10 Tele Nami- Les Cayes, Sud
Canal 11 Tele RTGS – Les Cayes, Sud
Canal 10 Tele Maxima
Canal 11 Ambiance TV 11, Jacmel
Canal 12 TV de la Metropole du Sud, Cayes
Canal 16 Television Hirondelle, Cayes
Canal 12 TNH, Cap-Haïtien
Canal 15 Saint-Marc
Canal 28 Tele La Brise, Camp-Perrin
Canal 65 RTC 65, Saint-Marc
Martinique
Note: All transmissions in Martinique are in digital terrestrial television.
Local channels
Channel 1, Martinique La Première
Channel 2, viàATV (Some of TF1 and M6 programmes)
Channel 3, Kanal Matinik Television (KMT)
Channel 4, France 2
Channel 5, France 3
Channel 6, France 4
Channel 7, France 5
Channel 9, ARTE
Channel 10, franceinfo:
Channel 11, Zitata TV
Cable T |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XCOPY | In computing, XCOPY is a command used on IBM PC DOS, MS-DOS, IBM OS/2, Microsoft Windows, FreeDOS, ReactOS, and related operating systems for copying multiple files or entire directory trees from one directory to another and for copying files across a network.
Overview
XCOPY stands for extended copy, and was created as a more functional file copying utility than the copy command found in earlier operating systems. XCOPY first appeared in DOS 3.2.
While still included in Windows 10, XCOPY has been deprecated in favor of robocopy, a more powerful copy tool, which is now supplied with the Microsoft Windows Server and Desktop operating systems.
DR DOS 6.0 and Datalight ROM-DOS include an implementation of the command.
The FreeDOS version was developed by Rene Ableidinger and is licensed under the GPL.
J. Edmeades developed the Wine-compatible version that is included in ReactOS. It is licensed under the LGPL.
Compression
Since Windows Server 2019 and Windows 10, a compression option is available in xcopy when copying across a network. With this switch, if the destination computer supports SMB compression and the files being copied are very compressible, there may be significant improvements to performance. The SMB compression adds inline whitespace compression to file transfers. Compression is also available with the robocopy command and Hyper-V Live Migration with SMB.
Example
Create a new directory by copying all contents of the existing directory, including any files or subdirectories having the hidden or system attributes and empty directories.
>xcopy e:\existing e:\newcopy /e /i /h
If the pathnames include spaces, they must be enclosed in quotation marks.
>xcopy "D:\Documents and Settings\MY.USERNAME\My Documents\*" "E:\MYBACKUP\My Documents\" /D/E/C/Y
Copy entire drive in to a mapped network drive while ignoring any errors in network restartable mode.
>xcopy *.* z:\Netmirror /E /V /C /F /H /Y /Z 1>out.txt 2>err.txt
Copy a single file without prompt if it is a file or a directory
>cmd /c echo F | xcopy "c:\directory 1\myfile" "c:\directory 2\myfile"
Limitations
XCOPY fails with an "insufficient memory" error when the path plus filename is longer than 254 characters. An option "/J" copies files without buffering;
moving very large files without the option (available only after Server 2008R2) can consume all available RAM on a system.
No open files
XCOPY will not copy open files. Any process may open files for exclusive read access by withholding the FILE_SHARE_READ
XCOPY does not support the Windows Volume Shadow Copy service which effectively allows processes to have access to open files, so it is not useful for backing up live operating system volumes.
XCOPY deployment
XCOPY deployment or xcopy installation is a software application's installation into a Microsoft Windows system simply by copying files. The name is derived from the XCOPY command line facility provided by Microsoft operating systems.
In contrast, the install |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BTQ%20%28disambiguation%29 | BTQ can refer to any of the following:
BTQ-7, the Seven Network owned-and-operated television station in Brisbane, Australia
Banque de terminologie du Québec, a Quebec-based terminological database now part of Grand dictionnaire terminologique
2-Butyl-3-(p-tolyl)quinuclidine, a stimulant drug
The logical fallacy of Begging The Question
The ICAO airline designation of Boutique Air |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCN | NCN may be refer to:
Media
National Christian Network, a satellite TV network
NCN Television, a Puerto Rican television station later broadcasting under the call sign WUJI
New China News, a news agency of the People's Republic of China more commonly referred to as Xinhua
New Country Network, a Canadian country music television station later renamed as CMT
News Channel Nebraska, network of commercial radio and television stations in the U.S. state of Nebraska
Other
Chenega Bay Airport (IATA: NCN), an airport in Chenega, Alaska
Nathan Coulter-Nile, Australian cricketer
National Caricaturist Network, a cartoonists' trade association
National Cycle Network, a network of cycle routes in the United Kingdom
The National Science Centre (Poland), a state-funded science funder in Poland (Narodowe Centrum Nauki)
Nisichawayasihk Cree Nation, a Cree community location in and around Manitoba, Canada |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicubic%20interpolation | In mathematics, bicubic interpolation is an extension of cubic spline interpolation (a method of applying cubic interpolation to a data set) for interpolating data points on a two-dimensional regular grid. The interpolated surface (meaning the kernel shape, not the image) is smoother than corresponding surfaces obtained by bilinear interpolation or nearest-neighbor interpolation. Bicubic interpolation can be accomplished using either Lagrange polynomials, cubic splines, or cubic convolution algorithm.
In image processing, bicubic interpolation is often chosen over bilinear or nearest-neighbor interpolation in image resampling, when speed is not an issue. In contrast to bilinear interpolation, which only takes 4 pixels (2×2) into account, bicubic interpolation considers 16 pixels (4×4). Images resampled with bicubic interpolation can have different interpolation artifacts, depending on the b and c values chosen.
Computation
Suppose the function values and the derivatives , and are known at the four corners , , , and of the unit square. The interpolated surface can then be written as
The interpolation problem consists of determining the 16 coefficients .
Matching with the function values yields four equations:
Likewise, eight equations for the derivatives in the and the directions:
And four equations for the mixed partial derivative:
The expressions above have used the following identities:
This procedure yields a surface on the unit square that is continuous and has continuous derivatives. Bicubic interpolation on an arbitrarily sized regular grid can then be accomplished by patching together such bicubic surfaces, ensuring that the derivatives match on the boundaries.
Grouping the unknown parameters in a vector
and letting
the above system of equations can be reformulated into a matrix for the linear equation .
Inverting the matrix gives the more useful linear equation , where
which allows to be calculated quickly and easily.
There can be another concise matrix form for 16 coefficients:
or
where
Extension to rectilinear grids
Often, applications call for bicubic interpolation using data on a rectilinear grid, rather than the unit square. In this case, the identities for and become
where is the spacing of the cell containing the point and similar for .
In this case, the most practical approach to computing the coefficients is to let
then to solve with as before. Next, the normalized interpolating variables are computed as
where and are the and coordinates of the grid points surrounding the point . Then, the interpolating surface becomes
Finding derivatives from function values
If the derivatives are unknown, they are typically approximated from the function values at points neighbouring the corners of the unit square, e.g. using finite differences.
To find either of the single derivatives, or , using that method, find the slope between the two surrounding points in th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIHF-DT | CIHF-DT (channel 8) is a television station in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, part of the Global Television Network. Owned and operated by network parent Corus Entertainment, it is a sister station to CHNB-DT in Saint John, New Brunswick. The two stations share a studio on Gottingen Street in downtown Halifax; CIHF-DT's transmitter is located on Washmill Lake Drive on the city's west side.
History
CIHF-TV was launched on September 5, 1988, and was initially owned by the Irving family of Saint John, New Brunswick and their New Brunswick Broadcasting Company. It was co-owned with Saint John-based CHSJ-TV, the CBC Television affiliate for all of New Brunswick. The station initially had only one transmitter, in Halifax; it served the rest of Nova Scotia via cable. When MITV launched, it took all prime time American shows from CBC station CBHT—reportedly a prelude to the CBC dropping all prime time American programming nationwide.
It was a sister station to CIHF-TV-2 in Saint John. Both stations were branded as MITV (Maritimes Independent Television), and their schedules were almost identical. However, the stations offered separate newscasts to their respective provinces and opportunities for advertisers to buy ad space on one or both stations. Furthermore, although the Saint John station's callsign made it appear that it was a rebroadcaster of the Halifax station, both stations were separately licensed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC). At the time, MITV was the only over-the-air independent television station in the area, with studios and main operation centre in Halifax, and all other functions in Saint John. As MITV shared owners with CHSJ-TV, a popular joke in the Maritimes was that MITV stood for "More Irving Television".
In 1989, retransmitters were added in Bridgewater, Truro, and Wolfville. The transmitter network was expanded further in 1993 to include service to Shelburne, Sydney, New Glasgow, and Yarmouth.
After losing each year since sign-on, MITV was sold to Canwest on August 29, 1994. This was part of a three-way deal, which saw the CBC taking control of CHSJ-TV, moving it to Fredericton, and renaming it CBAT, making it a full CBC O&O. Later in the year, MITV moved its operational and business headquarters to Halifax.
In 1995, MITV's Saint John offices were moved out of the old CHSJ building and into a new facility in Brunswick Square. Within a year of new ownership and its resulting reorganization and marketing focus, the station became profitable for the first time in its short history. In August 1997, when Canwest rebranded its stations as the Global Television Network, MITV became Global Maritimes.
Additional retransmitters signed on in 1998, in Mulgrave and Antigonish.
In October 2007, approximately forty employees at Global Maritimes were laid off as part of a wider restructuring of the Global Television Network and introduction of centralized news broadcast facilities.
On December 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xtal%20%28disambiguation%29 | Xtal is an informal abbreviation for crystals (as a reference designator on printed circuit boards).
Xtal may also refer to:
X-tal, a San Francisco-based rock band
Xtal DOS, the operating system for the Tatung Einstein personal computer
"Xtal", a track by Aphex Twin from the 1992 album Selected Ambient Works 85–92
XTAL, a market identifier code for the European stock exchange in Tallinn, Estonia
Xtal, a crystal oscillator (on a PCB design schematics)
See also
Crystal (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Foster%20%28computer%20scientist%29 | Ian Tremere Foster (born 1 January 1959) is a New Zealand-American computer scientist. He is a distinguished fellow, senior scientist, and director of the Data Science and Learning division at Argonne National Laboratory, and a professor in the department of computer science at the University of Chicago.
Education and career
Foster was born in Wellington, New Zealand, in 1959. He was educated at Wellington College and the University of Canterbury, followed by the Department of Computing, Imperial College London.
From 2006 to 2016, he was director of the Computation Institute (CI), a joint project between the University of Chicago, and Argonne National Laboratory.
CI brings together computational scientists and discipline leaders to work on projects with computation as a key component.
He is currently Director of the Data Science and Learning Division at Argonne National Laboratory, a unit established to tackle advanced scientific problems where data analysis and artificial intelligence can provide critical insights and accelerate discovery.
Honors
Foster's honors include the Gordon Bell Prize for high-performance computing (2001), the Lovelace Medal of the British Computer Society (2002), an honorary Doctor of Science from the University of Canterbury in 2005, the IEEE Tsutomu Kanai Award (2011), the IEEE Computer Society Charles Babbage Award, (with Carl Kesselman) the IEEE Computer Society Harry H Goode Memorial Award (2020), the IEEE Internet Award (2023), and the ACM-IEEE CS Ken Kennedy Award (2022). He was elected Fellow of the British Computer Society in 2001, Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2003, and in 2009, a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery, who named him the inaugural recipient of the high-performance parallel and distributed computing (HPDC) achievement award in 2012. In 2017, he was recognized with the Euro-Par Achievement Award.
Research
Foster's research focuses on the acceleration of discovery in a network using distributed computing. With Carl Kesselman and Steve Tuecke, Foster coined the term grid computing: techniques for data-intensive, multi-institution collaboration that paved the way for cloud computing. Methods and software developed under his leadership advanced discovery in areas as high energy physics, environmental science, and biomedicine.
For example, grid computing was credited by CERN director Rolf-Dieter Heuer as one of the elements essential for the 2012 discovery of the Higgs boson.
His research has also resulted in the development of techniques, tools and algorithms for high-performance distributed computing and parallel computing. His Globus Toolkit project encouraged collaborative computing for engineering, business and other fields. In March 2004, Foster co-founded Univa Corporation to commercialize the technology.
Publications
Strand: New Concepts for Parallel Programming. Prentice Hall, 1990.
Designing and Building Parallel Programs. Addison- |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle%20filter | Particle filters, or sequential Monte Carlo methods, are a set of Monte Carlo algorithms used to find approximate solutions for filtering problems for nonlinear state-space systems, such as signal processing and Bayesian statistical inference. The filtering problem consists of estimating the internal states in dynamical systems when partial observations are made and random perturbations are present in the sensors as well as in the dynamical system. The objective is to compute the posterior distributions of the states of a Markov process, given the noisy and partial observations. The term "particle filters" was first coined in 1996 by Pierre Del Moral about mean-field interacting particle methods used in fluid mechanics since the beginning of the 1960s. The term "Sequential Monte Carlo" was coined by Jun S. Liu and Rong Chen in 1998.
Particle filtering uses a set of particles (also called samples) to represent the posterior distribution of a stochastic process given the noisy and/or partial observations. The state-space model can be nonlinear and the initial state and noise distributions can take any form required. Particle filter techniques provide a well-established methodology for generating samples from the required distribution without requiring assumptions about the state-space model or the state distributions. However, these methods do not perform well when applied to very high-dimensional systems.
Particle filters update their prediction in an approximate (statistical) manner. The samples from the distribution are represented by a set of particles; each particle has a likelihood weight assigned to it that represents the probability of that particle being sampled from the probability density function. Weight disparity leading to weight collapse is a common issue encountered in these filtering algorithms. However, it can be mitigated by including a resampling step before the weights become uneven. Several adaptive resampling criteria can be used including the variance of the weights and the relative entropy concerning the uniform distribution. In the resampling step, the particles with negligible weights are replaced by new particles in the proximity of the particles with higher weights.
From the statistical and probabilistic point of view, particle filters may be interpreted as mean-field particle interpretations of Feynman-Kac probability measures. These particle integration techniques were developed in molecular chemistry and computational physics by Theodore E. Harris and Herman Kahn in 1951, Marshall N. Rosenbluth and Arianna W. Rosenbluth in 1955, and more recently by Jack H. Hetherington in 1984. In computational physics, these Feynman-Kac type path particle integration methods are also used in Quantum Monte Carlo, and more specifically Diffusion Monte Carlo methods. Feynman-Kac interacting particle methods are also strongly related to mutation-selection genetic algorithms currently used in evolutionary computation to solve complex |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brent%20Musburger | Brent Woody Musburger (born May 26, 1939) is an American sportscaster, currently the lead broadcaster and managing editor at Vegas Stats and Information Network (VSiN).
With CBS Sports from 1973 until 1990, he was one of the original members of their program The NFL Today and is credited with coining the phrase "March Madness" to describe the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament while covering the Final Four. While at CBS, Musburger also covered the Super Bowl, NBA Finals, the World Series, U.S. Open tennis, and The Masters.
Joining ESPN and ABC Sports in 1990, Musburger continued to cover the NBA Finals, as well as hosting Monday Night Football and providing play-by-play for Saturday Night Football and the SEC Network. He covered the Indianapolis 500, U.S. Open and British Open golf, the World Cup, the Belmont Stakes, and the College Football national championship among other big events. In January 2017, he left the ESPN and ABC television networks after 27 years, briefly retiring from play-by-play of live sports before returning as the play-by-play voice of the Las Vegas Raiders from 2018 until 2022.
Raised in Billings, Montana, he is a member of the Montana Broadcaster's Association Hall of Fame.
Early life and career
Musburger was born in Portland, Oregon, and raised in Billings, Montana, the son of Beryl Ruth (Woody) and Cec Musburger. He was an umpire for minor league baseball during the 1950s. He was also a boyhood friend of former Major League pitcher Dave McNally. His brother, Todd Musburger, is a prominent sports agent.
Musburger's youth included some brushes with trouble: when he was 12, he and his brother stole a car belonging to their mother's cleaning lady and took it for a joy ride. His parents sent him to the Shattuck-St. Mary's School in Faribault, Minnesota. Educated at Northwestern University's Medill School of Journalism, he was kicked out for a year for owning and operating a car without a license.
Musburger began his career as a sportswriter for the now-defunct Chicago American newspaper, where his editor was the legendary sportswriter Warren Brown. In 1968, Musburger penned a column regarding Tommie Smith and John Carlos's protest of racial injustice in the United States with a Black Power salute on the medal stand during the 1968 Summer Olympics. In it he stated "Smith and Carlos looked like a couple of black-skinned storm troopers" who were "ignoble," "juvenile," and "unimaginative". In a 1999 article in The New York Times, Musburger stated that comparing the two to the Nazis was "harsh", but he stood by his criticism of the pair's action:
According to Carlos, Musburger never apologized:
Carlos later told Jemele Hill during a 2019 discussion that "Brent Musburger doesn't even exist in my mind. He didn't mean anything to me 51 years ago. He doesn't mean anything to me today. Because he's been proven to be wrong."
In 1968, Musburger began a 22-year association with CBS, first as a sports anchor for WBBM rad |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEGRA | HEGRA, which stands for High-Energy-Gamma-Ray Astronomy, was an atmospheric Cherenkov telescope for Gamma-ray astronomy. With its various types of detectors, HEGRA took data between 1987 and 2002, at which point it was dismantled in order to build its successor, MAGIC, at the same site.
It was located at Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on La Palma at a height of 2200 m above sea level. It was operated by an international collaboration of research institutes and universities, such as the Max Planck Institute for Physics in Munich, the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, the German Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, the University of Wuppertal, the IFKKI in Kiel or the University of Hamburg. It consisted of several detector types for observing secondary particles from particle cascades in the atmosphere. The particle cascades detected by HEGRA were produced by cosmic ray particles in the energy range of 1012eV to 1016eV.
The detectors with the lowest energy threshold were the atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes with "cameras" of photomultiplier tubes. They were sensitive to showers above 1012eV (1 TeV) but had to look towards possible sources and could be operated only during clear, moonless nights. They detected Cherenkov light from relativistic secondary particles in the air showers. The field of view was about 4.6°. There were a total of six of these telescopes in operation. They were dismantled in September 2002.
Another detector type for Cherenkov light was AIROBICC (AIRshower Observation By angle Integrating Cherenkov Counters) with one large photomultiplier looking at the sky above it. 49 of these detectors were spread in a 7-by-7 grid to observe the amplitude and the time of arrival of the front of Cherenkov light. Another 48 were added later on. These counters had a wide field of view but could only be operated during clear, moonless nights, like the atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Their energy threshold was a few 1013eV. The AIROBICC array has been dismantled.
The first detector type of HEGRA was the array of 1 m² scintillation counters which were used to measure the numbers and arrival times of secondary particles in air showers arriving at ground level. More than 250 of these
counters were in operation, spread over a 180-by-180 m² area. These detectors were operated day and night at any weather. The energy threshold of the scintillator array was between 40 and 100 TeV, depending on the kind of primary cosmic ray particle. The scintillator array has been dismantled as well.
The scintillator array was sensitive to all types of charged secondary particles. To be able to select secondary muons in air showers there were the Muon 'Towers' with 16 m² area each. Seventeen of these detectors were installed on La Palma.
There were two more types of detectors at the HEGRA site: the CRT (Cosmic Ray Tracking) and the CLUE (Cherenkov Light Ultraviolet Experiment) .
A remarkable achievement of the instrument was the detection of the mos |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SolarX | SolarX is the performing name of Dr. Roman Belavkin, a Russian electronic music artist and computer scientist.
See also
Music of Russia
References
External links
SolarX Homepage
NME interview with SolarX
Techno musicians
Academics of Middlesex University
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Russian computer scientists |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosponge | Demosponges (Demospongiae) are the most diverse class in the phylum Porifera. They include 76.2% of all species of sponges with nearly 8,800 species worldwide (World Porifera Database). They are sponges with a soft body that covers a hard, often massive skeleton made of calcium carbonate, either aragonite or calcite. They are predominantly leuconoid in structure. Their "skeletons" are made of spicules consisting of fibers of the protein spongin, the mineral silica, or both. Where spicules of silica are present, they have a different shape from those in the otherwise similar glass sponges. Some species, in particular from the Antarctic, obtain the silica for spicule building from the ingestion of siliceous diatoms.
The many diverse orders in this class include all of the large sponges. About 311 million years ago, in the Late Carboniferous, the order Spongillida split from the marine sponges, and is the only sponges to live in freshwater environments. Some species are brightly colored, with great variety in body shape; the largest species are over across. They reproduce both sexually and asexually. They are the only extant organisms that methylate sterols at the 26-position, a fact used to identify the presence of demosponges before their first known unambiguous fossils.
Because of many species' long life span (500–1,000 years) it is thought that analysis of the aragonite skeletons of these sponges could extend data regarding ocean temperature, salinity, and other variables farther into the past than has been previously possible. Their dense skeletons are deposited in an organized chronological manner, in concentric layers or bands. The layered skeletons look similar to reef corals. Therefore, demosponges are also called coralline sponges.
Classification and systematics
The Demospongiae have an ancient history. The first demosponges may have appeared during the Precambrian deposits at the end of the Cryogenian "Snowball Earth" period. Their presence has been indirectly detected by fossilized steroids, called steranes, hydrocarbon markers characteristic of the cell membranes of the sponges, rather than from direct fossils of the sponges themselves. They represent a continuous chemical fossil record of demosponges through the end of the Neoproterozoic. The earliest Demospongiae fossil was discovered in the lower Cambrian (Series 2, Stage 3; approximately 515 Ma) of the Sirius Passet Biota of North Greenland: this single specimen had a spicule assemblage similar to that found in the subclass Heteroscleromorpha. The earliest sponge-bearing reefs date to the Early Cambrian (they are the earliest known reef structure built by animals), exemplified by a small bioherm constructed by archaeocyathids and calcified microbes at the start of the Tommotian stage about 530 Ma, found in southeast Siberia. A major radiation occurred in the Lower Cambrian and further major radiations in the Ordovician possibly from the middle Cambrian.
The Systema Porifera ( |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First%20National%20%28TV%20series%29 | First National was a Canadian television newscast, which aired on the Global Television Network's stations in Ontario and Manitoba from 1994 to 2001. It was also seen in Quebec after Global launched there in 1997. The program's anchor was Peter Kent.
Although the newscast aired in only three provinces at most, its format was that of a national newscast, broadcasting national and international, rather than local news.
On February 9, 2001, following Global's acquisition of the WIC group of stations, First National aired its final broadcast. Global aired WIC's Canada Tonight in its place until Global National debuted on September 4. Kent then moved into a management role with the network; he later left broadcasting to pursue a career in Canadian politics.
References
Global Television Network original programming
1994 Canadian television series debuts
2001 Canadian television series endings
1990s Canadian television news shows
2000s Canadian television news shows
Television series by Corus Entertainment |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QSM | QSM is an acronym that may stand for:
QuickSilver Scalable Multicast, a networking protocol
Queen's Service Medal, a medal awarded by the government of New Zealand
Quadriceps Sparing Myopathy, a common name for the hereditary inclusion body myopathy IBM2
Quantitative susceptibility mapping, a medical imaging technique |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net%20neutrality | Network neutrality, often referred to as net neutrality, is the principle that Internet service providers (ISPs) must treat all Internet communications equally, offering users and online content providers consistent rates irrespective of content, website, platform, application, type of equipment, source address, destination address, or method of communication (i.e., without price discrimination).
Supporters of net neutrality argue that it prevents ISPs from filtering Internet content without a court order, fosters freedom of speech and democratic participation, promotes competition and innovation, prevents dubious services, maintains the end-to-end principle, and that users would be intolerant of slow-loading websites. Opponents of net neutrality argue that it reduces investment, deters competition, increases taxes, imposes unnecessary regulations, prevents the Internet from being accessible to poor people, prevents Internet traffic from being allocated to the most needed users, that large ISPs already have a performance advantage over smaller providers, and that there is already significant competition among ISPs with few competitive issues.
Etymology
The term was coined by Columbia University media law professor Tim Wu in 2003 as an extension of the longstanding concept of a common carrier which was used to describe the role of telephone systems.
Regulatory considerations
Net neutrality regulations may be referred to as uncommon carrier regulations. Net neutrality does not block all abilities that ISPs have to impact their customers' services. Opt-in and opt-out services exist on the end user side, and filtering can be done locally, as in the filtering of sensitive material for minors.
Research suggests that a combination of policy instruments can help realize the range of valued political and economic objectives central to the network neutrality debate. Combined with public opinion, this has led some governments to regulate broadband Internet services as a public utility, similar to the way electricity, gas, and the water supply are regulated, along with limiting providers and regulating the options those providers can offer.
Proponents of net neutrality, which include computer science experts, consumer advocates, human rights organizations, and Internet content providers, assert that net neutrality helps to provide freedom of information exchange, promotes competition and innovation for Internet services, and upholds standardization of Internet data transmission which was essential for its growth. Opponents of net neutrality, which include ISPs, computer hardware manufacturers, economists, technologists and telecommunications equipment manufacturers, argue that net neutrality requirements would reduce their incentive to build out the Internet and reduce competition in the marketplace, and may raise their operating costs, which they would have to pass along to their users.
Regional considerations
Net neutrality is administered on a na |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami%20Aid | Tsunami Aid: A Concert of Hope was a worldwide benefit held for the tsunami victims of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. It was broadcast on NBC and its affiliated networks of USA Network, Bravo, PAX, MSNBC, CNBC, Sci-Fi, Trio, Telemundo and other NBC Universal stations and was heard on any Clear Channel radio station. The benefit was led by the actor George Clooney on January 15, 2005, and was similar to America: A Tribute to Heroes (set up after the September 11th, 2001 attacks). Digital Media innovator Jay Samit enabled viewers to purchase digital downloads of the performances as a new way to raise money for the cause; including live recordings by Elton John, Madonna, Sheryl Crow, Eric Clapton, Roger Waters and Diana Ross. Taking a cue from Bob Geldof (the man who had organized the Live Aid concerts for African famine relief), it consisted of famous Hollywood entertainers and former American presidents George H. W. Bush and Bill Clinton. It was two hours long with stories and entertainment from a huge array of Hollywood popstars notables that include Brad Pitt, Donald Trump, and much more. It was estimated to raise at least five million dollars by the end of the broadcast.
External links
Benefit concerts
2005 television specials
American telethons
International broadcasting
Simulcasts |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSniff | dSniff is a set of password sniffing and network traffic analysis tools written by security researcher and startup founder Dug Song to parse different application protocols and extract relevant information. dsniff, filesnarf, mailsnarf, msgsnarf, urlsnarf, and webspy passively monitor a network for interesting data (passwords, e-mail, files, etc.). arpspoof, dnsspoof, and macof facilitate the interception of network traffic normally unavailable to an attacker (e.g., due to layer-2 switching). sshmitm and webmitm implement active man-in-the-middle attacks against redirected SSH and HTTPS sessions by exploiting weak bindings in ad-hoc PKI.
Overview
The applications sniff usernames and passwords, web pages being visited, contents of an email, etc. As the name implies, dsniff is a network sniffer, but it can also be used to disrupt the normal behavior of switched networks and cause network traffic from other hosts on the same network segment to be visible, not just traffic involving the host dsniff is running on.
It handles FTP, Telnet, SMTP, HTTP, POP, poppass, NNTP, IMAP, SNMP, LDAP, Rlogin, RIP, OSPF, PPTP MS-CHAP, NFS, VRRP, YP/NIS, SOCKS, X11, CVS, IRC, AIM, ICQ, Napster, PostgreSQL, Meeting Maker, Citrix ICA, Symantec pc Anywhere, NAI Sniffer, Microsoft SMB, Oracle SQL*Net, Sybase and Microsoft SQL protocols.
The name "dsniff" refers both to the package as well as an included tool. The "dsniff" tool decodes passwords sent in cleartext across a switched or unswitched Ethernet network. Its man page explains that Dug Song wrote dsniff with "honest intentions - to audit my own network, and to demonstrate the insecurity of cleartext network protocols." He then requests, "Please do not abuse this software."
These are the files that are configured in dsniff folder /etc/dsniff/
/etc/dsniff/dnsspoof.hosts Sample hosts file.
If no host file is specified, replies will be forged for all address queries on the LAN with an answer of the local machine’s IP address.
/etc/dsniff/dsniff.magic Network protocol magic
/etc/dsniff/dsniff.services Default trigger table
The man page for dsniff explains all the flags. To learn more about using dsniff, you can explore the Linux man page.
This is a list of descriptions for the various dsniff programs. This text belong to the
dsniff “README” written by the author, Dug Song.
See also
Comparison of packet analyzers
EtherApe, a network mapping tool that relies on sniffing traffic
netsniff-ng, a free Linux networking toolkit
Network tap
Ngrep, a tool that can match regular expressions within the network packet payloads
tcpdump, a packet analyzer
Tcptrace, a tool for analyzing the logs produced by tcpdump
Wireshark, a GUI based alternative to tcpdump
References
External links
Official website
Dunston, Duane, Linuxsecurity.com, “And away we spoof!!!” http://www.linuxsecurity.com/docs/PDF/dsniff-n-mirror.pdf
Network analyzers
Password cracking software
Free network management software |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sogo | is a department store chain that operates an extensive network of branches in Japan. In 2009, it merged with to become . It once owned stores in locations as diverse as Beijing in China, Causeway Bay in Hong Kong, Taipei in Taiwan, Jakarta and Surabaya in Indonesia, Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia, Singapore, Bangkok in Thailand, London in United Kingdom, but most of these international branches are now closed or operated by independent franchisees.
History
Sogo was founded in 1830 in Osaka by Ihei Sogo as a retailer of used kimono.
In July 2000, the company faced financial troubles caused by the unstable real estate investment policy of the former chairman, Hiroo Mizushima, and the collapse of Japanese real estate prices since the mid-1980s. The group collapsed under a debt mountain of US$17 billion, owed principally to Industrial Bank of Japan. Sogo applied to Osaka District Court under the Civil Rehabilitation Law on July 12, 2000. It has had to divest itself of unprofitable business lines, as well as valuable assets such as several stores in Japan (e.g., Kokura and Kurosaki) and some overseas stores, including ones in Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Hong Kong and Taipei.
Other overseas Sogo stores survived under independent franchises, through which the Japanese company has also managed to raise capital.
In Japan, Sogo is a subsidiary of Millennium Retailing (now renamed as Sogo & Seibu).
The Sogo logo
Since its founding in 1830 Sogo has used as their logo, the family crest ( mon (emblem) ) of a silk shop. The logo consists of a circle with a shape inside that depicts winding the warp on a loom (called 'chikiri' in Japanese), a nod to the company's origin as a second-hand kimono shop. The word 'Chikiri' in Japanese, also relates to the act of taking a vow or promise.
Locations
Japan
As of 2018, Sogo Department Store has locations in Yokohama, Chiba, Hiroshima, Omiya, Kawaguchi, Seishin and Tokushima.
In August 2020, Sogo closed its stores in Seishin and Tokushima, followed by the closing of the Kawaguchi store in February 2021 due to declining sales.
China
Sogo Department stores in China are operated by Taiwan-based Pacific Sogo. Stores are located in Beijing, three in Shanghai, two in Chengdu, two in Chongqing and one in Dalian, as of August 2007. It appears that all of the branches have shut down.
Jiuguang Department Store
In 2004, Jiuguang Department Store in Shanghai was opened as a joint venture between Lifestyle International Holdings of Hong Kong, the owner of Sogo Hong Kong and the state-owned Joinbuy Group of Shanghai. The department store is located in the fashionable Jing'an District adjacent to the Jing'an Temple, on West Nanjing Road. The store operation is a clone of the Sogo in Hong Kong including the high-end supermarket Freshmart and Beaute @ Jiuguang (instead of Beaute @ Sogo).
The store also brought in some very exclusive designers, a lot of which had their first counter in Mainland China such as Thomas Pink, Jean Paul Gaul |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CICT-DT | CICT-DT (channel 2) is a television station in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, part of the Global Television Network. The station is owned and operated by network parent Corus Entertainment, and has studios at the Calgary Television Centre on 23 Street Northeast and Barlow Trail in northeast Calgary, near the Mayland Heights neighbourhood; its transmitter is located near Old Banff Coach Road/Highway 563 and Artists View Drive, west of the Calgary city limits. Until August 29, 2022, CICT-DT served as the master control hub for all 15 Global owned-and-operated stations across Canada.
History
CICT-TV first signed on the air on October 8, 1954 as CHCT-TV, and was the first television station in the province of Alberta (as a result, it is also the oldest television station in the country that is part of the Global Television Network). The station was originally an affiliate of CBC Television. Its studios, offices and transmitter facility were located on a hill west of the city. The station was owned by Calgary Television Ltd., a consortium of Calgary radio stations CFCN, CFAC and CKXL. The "CT" in CHCT stood for "Calgary Television".
During the construction of the transmitter, the , 5-ton antenna was being hoisted on the top of the tower when the cable snapped and the antenna fell all the way down the tower to imbed itself in the ground. No one was injured in the accident, and the antenna was able to be repaired, but the station's launch was delayed by 10 days. A year later, CHCT moved its studios and offices from the transmitter site on Old Banff Coach Road, to a renovated badminton club/sea cadet drill hall on 955 Rideau Road S.W. in Calgary.
Notable programs that were produced at the original studio include Klara's Korner, a cooking show that was in national syndication for many years; Yan Can Cook, a cooking show hosted by Martin Yan which later aired for many years on PBS in the United States; Stampede Wrestling, which was produced for over 20 years, finding loyal audiences worldwide; and It Figures, which originated at the station and was produced for nearly 20 years.
In 1957, CKXL Ltd. sold its share in Calgary Television Ltd. to Fredrick Shaw, who had recently sold his share in CKXL-AM to Tel-Ray Ltd. The Love family, owners of CFCN, sold off its stake in 1961 when it opened its own station, CFCN-TV. In 1968, Tel-Ray sold its stake to Selkirk Communications, part-owner of CFAC radio alongside Southam Inc. This gave Selkirk full ownership of the station, and accordingly the callsign changed to CFAC-TV.
On September 1, 1975, after the CBC launched its own station in Calgary, CBRT (channel 9; prior to its sign-on, Calgary was the largest TV market in Canada without a CBC owned-and-operated station of its own), CFAC-TV disaffiliated from CBC and became an independent station. In 1979, the station branded itself as "2&7", the latter channel number referring to both its cable location and to sister station CFAC-TV7 in Lethbridge (now CISA). For a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobata%20Station | is a railway station on the Kagoshima Main Line operated by JR Kyushu in Tobata-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan.
History
The privately run Kyushu Railway had begun laying down its network on Kyushu in 1889 and by November 1896 had a stretch of track from northwards to . This stretch of track was subsequently linked up with another stretch further north from Moji (now ) to which had been laid down in 1891. The linkup was achieved on 27 December 1902, with Tobata opened on the same day as one of the intermediate stations on the new track between Kokura and Kurosaki. When the Kyushu Railway was nationalized on 1 July 1907, Japanese Government Railways (JGR) took over control of the station. On 12 October 1909, the station became part of the Hitoyoshi Main Line and then on 21 November 1909, part of the Kagoshima Main Line. With the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR), the successor of JGR, on 1 April 1987, JR Kyushu took over control of the station. In 2000 the station was shifted about 200 metres westwards and rebuilt.
Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2016, the station was used by 9,653 passengers daily, and it ranked 15th among the busiest stations of JR Kyushu.
References
External links
Tobata Station (JR Kyushu)
Railway stations in Fukuoka Prefecture
Buildings and structures in Kitakyushu
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1902 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep-ocean%20Assessment%20and%20Reporting%20of%20Tsunamis | Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART) is a component of an enhanced tsunami warning system.
By logging changes in seafloor temperature and pressure, and transmitting the data via a surface buoy to a ground station by satellite, DART enables instant, accurate tsunami forecasts. In Standard Mode, the system logs the data at 15-minute intervals, and in Event Mode, every 15 seconds. A 2-way communication system allows the ground station to switch DART into Event Mode whenever detailed reports are needed.
Stations
Each DART station consists of a surface buoy and a seafloor bottom pressure recording (BPR) package that detects water pressure changes caused by tsunamis. The surface buoy receives transmitted information from the BPR via an acoustic link and then transmits data to a satellite, which retransmits the data to ground stations for immediate dissemination to NOAA's Tsunami Warning Centers, NOAA's National Data Buoy Center, and NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL).
The Iridium commercial satellite phone network is used for communication with 31 of the buoys.
When on-board software identifies a possible tsunami, the station leaves standard mode and begins transmitting in event mode. In standard mode, the station reports water temperature and pressure (which are converted to sea-surface height, not unlike a depth gauge or a pressure tide gauge) every At the start of event mode, the buoy reports measurements every for several minutes, followed by 1-minute averages for
The first-generation DART I stations had one-way communication ability, and relied solely on the software's ability to detect a tsunami to trigger event mode and rapid data transmission. In order to avoid false positives, the detection threshold was set relatively high, presenting the possibility that a tsunami with a low amplitude could fail to trigger the station.
The second-generation DART II is equipped for two-way communication, allowing tsunami forecasters to place the station in event mode in anticipation of a tsunami's arrival.
Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis is officially abbreviated and trademarked as DART.
Background
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s NOAA have placed Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunami stations in particular areas, areas with a history of generating large tsunamis, to be completely positive that the detection of tsunamis are to be as fast as possible. The year of 2001 was the completion of the first six tsunami detection buoys placed along the northern Pacific Ocean coast. In 2005 the United States president George W. Bush announced a two-year, $3.5 million, plan to install tsunami detecting buoys in the Atlantic and the Caribbean ocean in order to expand the nation’s capabilities to detect tsunamis. With the Pacific Ocean creating 85 percent of the world’s tsunamis
, the majority of new tsunami detecting buoy equipment will be installed around the pacific rim, while onl |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic%20puzzle | A puzzle in economics is a situation where the implication of theory is inconsistent with observed economic data.
An example is the equity premium puzzle, which relates to the fact that over the last two hundred years, the risk premium of stocks over bonds has been around 5.5%, much larger than expected from theory. The equity premium puzzle was first documented by Mehra and Prescot (1985).
List of puzzles
See also :Category:Economic puzzles; Financial economics #Challenges and criticism.
Equity premium puzzle
Home bias in trade puzzle
Equity home bias puzzle
Consumption correlations puzzle
Feldstein-Horioka puzzle
Forward premium anomaly
Real exchange rate puzzles
Retirement-consumption puzzle
Missing trade puzzle, also known as Border puzzle |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ART | ART may refer to:
Organizations
American Refrigerator Transit Company
Arab Radio and Television Network
ART Teenz
Performing arts
American Repertory Theater, Cambridge, Massachusetts, US
Artists Repertory Theatre, Portland, Oregon, US
Avatar Repertory Theater, a troupe performing in the virtual world
Science and technology
Adaptive resonance theory, a theory of brain information processing
Acoustic resonance technology, an acoustic inspection technology
Absolute reaction rate theory, of chemical reactions
Computing
ART image file format, used mostly by America Online software
Algebraic Reconstruction Technique, used in computed tomography scanning
Android Runtime, a replacement for the Dalvik VM in Android
Medicine
Anti-retroviral therapy, in the management of HIV/AIDS
Assisted reproductive technology
Androgen replacement therapy
Sports
ART Grand Prix, a French motor racing team
Aprilia Racing Technology or Aprilia Racing Team, by Aprilia, in MotoGP
Asia Racing Team, Chinese motor racing team
Athlete Refugee Team
Transportation
Albuquerque Rapid Transit, a bus rapid transit line in Albuquerque, New Mexico, US
Anaheim Resort Transportation, a mass transit provider in Orange County, California, US
Arlington Transit, a bus service in Arlington County, Virginia, US
Bombardier Advanced Rapid Transit, an automated guideway transit system
Watertown International Airport (IATA airport code)
Arrochar and Tarbet railway station (National Rail code), Scotland
Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit, an autonomous rapid transit system from China
Other uses
Argentina Time (ART), a time zone
Artificial languages (ISO 639-2 code), certain unassigned constructed languages
Aggression replacement training
Alternative risk transfer, an insurance term
See also
Art (given name), the name
Art (disambiguation)
ARTS (disambiguation)
Art line (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser%20Squad | Laser Squad is a turn-based tactics video game, originally released for the ZX Spectrum and later for the Commodore 64, Amstrad CPC, MSX, Amiga, Sharp MZ-800 and Atari ST and PC computers between 1988 and 1992. It was designed by Julian Gollop and his team at Target Games (later Mythos Games and Codo Technologies) and published by Blade Software, expanding on the ideas applied in their earlier Rebelstar series. Laser Squad originally came with five mission scenarios, with an expansion pack released for the 8-bit versions, containing a further two scenarios.
Reaction from gaming magazines was positive, gaining it high review rating and several accolades. The legacy of the game can be seen in other titles like the X-COM series, especially the acclaimed X-COM: UFO Defense which was also created by Julian Gollop and was initially conceived as a sequel to Laser Squad.
Gameplay
Laser Squad is a turn-based tactics war game where the player completes objectives such as rescue or retrieval operations, or simply eliminating all of the enemy by taking advantage of cover, squad level military tactics, and careful use of weaponry. The squad's team members are maneuvered around a map one at a time, taking actions such as move, turn, shoot, pick up and so on that use up the unit's action points. More heavily laden units may tire more easily, and may have to rest to avoid running out of action points more quickly in subsequent turns. Morale also plays a factor; a unit witnessing the deaths of his teammates can panic and run out of the player's control.
The original Target Games 8-bit release came with the first three missions with an expansion pack offered via mail order for the next two. The subsequent Blade Software 8-bit release included these as standard; the mail order expansion pack now offered was for missions six and seven instead. Both offers covered cassette and floppy disk versions. As well as featuring new scenarios, the expansion packs included additional weapons as part of the scenarios.
Including the expansion pack, there are seven scenarios in total, each one with its own difficulty settings and squad allocation:
"The Assassins" - The mission's objective is to assassinate weapons manufacturer Sterner Regnix. The player will lead a small squad of troops on an infiltration mission, dealing with droid patrols.
"Moonbase Assault" - A small squad must penetrate the Omni Corporation moon base, via the airlocks, and destroy their computer systems.
"Rescue from the Mines" - After a routine mission goes badly wrong, three members of a squad are held prisoner in the Metallix Corp mines. A squad of troops must negotiate the mine complex, free all three prisoners and escape.
"The Cyber Hordes" - A small squad must defend a station from the attack of an advancing droid squad invasion. The base holds seven stabilizer cores vital to the planet's stability and the droids have focused their efforts on these targets.
"Paradise Valley" - Following on from " |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recloser | In electric power distribution, automatic circuit reclosers (ACRs) are a class of switchgear designed for use on overhead electricity distribution networks to detect and interrupt transient faults. Also known as reclosers or autoreclosers, ACRs are essentially rated circuit breakers with integrated current and voltage sensors and a protection relay, optimized for use as a protection asset. Commercial ACRs are governed by the IEC 62271-111/IEEE Std C37.60 and IEC 62271-200 standards. The three major classes of operating maximum voltage are 15.5 kV, 27 kV and 38 kV.
For overhead electric power distribution networks, up to 80% of faults are transient, such as lightning strike, surges or foreign objects coming into contact with exposed distribution lines. Consequently, these transient faults can be resolved by a simple reclose operation. Reclosers are designed to handle a brief open-close duty cycle, where electrical engineers can optionally configure the number and timing of attempted close operations prior to transitioning to a lockout stage. The number of reclose attempts is limited to a maximum of four by recloser Standards noted above.
At two multiples of the rated current, the recloser's rapid trip curve can cause a trip (off circuit) in as little as 1.5 cycles (or 30 milliseconds). During those 1.5 cycles, other separate circuits can see voltage dips or blinks until the affected circuit opens to stop the fault current. Automatically closing the breaker after it has tripped and stayed open for a brief amount of time, usually after 1 to 5 seconds, is a standard procedure.
Reclosers are often used as a key component in a smart grid, as they are effectively computer controlled switchgear which can be remotely operated and interrogated using SCADA or other communications. Interrogation and remote operation capabilities allow utilities to aggregate data about their network performance, and develop automation schemes for power restoration. Automation schemes can either be distributed (executed at the remote recloser level) or centralized (close and open commands issued by a central utility control room to be executed by remotely controlled ACRs).
Description
Autoreclosers are made in single-phase and three-phase versions, using oil, vacuum, or SF6 interrupters. Controls for the reclosers range from the original electromechanical systems to digital electronics with metering and SCADA functions. The ratings of reclosers run from 2.4–38 kV for load currents from 10–1200 A and fault currents from 1–16 kA.
On a 3-phase circuit, a recloser is more beneficial than three separate fuse cutouts. For example, on a wye to delta conversion, when cutouts are used on the wye side and only 1 out of 3 of the cutout fuses open, some customers on the delta side have a low voltage condition, due to voltage transfer through the transformer windings. Low voltage can cause severe damage to electronic equipment. But when a recloser is used, all three phases open, ther |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesture%20recognition | Gesture recognition is an area of research and development in computer science and language technology concerned with the recognition and interpretation of human gestures. A subdiscipline of computer vision, it employs mathematical algorithms to interpret gestures. Gestures can originate from any bodily motion or state, but commonly originate from the face or hand. One area of the field is emotion recognition derived from facial expressions and hand gestures. Users can make simple gestures to control or interact with devices without physically touching them. Many approaches have been made using cameras and computer vision algorithms to interpret sign language, however, the identification and recognition of posture, gait, proxemics, and human behaviors is also the subject of gesture recognition techniques. Gesture recognition is a path for computers to begin to better understand and interpret human body language, previously not possible through text or unenhanced graphical (GUI) user interfaces.
Overview
Gesture recognition has application in such areas as:
Automobiles
Consumer electronics
Transit
Gaming
Handheld devices
Defense
Home automation
Automated sign language translation
Gesture recognition can be conducted with techniques from computer vision and image processing.
The literature includes ongoing work in the computer vision field on capturing gestures or more general human pose and movements by cameras connected to a computer.
The term "gesture recognition" has been used to refer more narrowly to non-text-input handwriting symbols, such as inking on a graphics tablet, multi-touch gestures, and mouse gesture recognition. This is computer interaction through the drawing of symbols with a pointing device cursor. Pen computing expands digital gesture recognition beyond traditional input devices such as keyboards and mice, and reduces the hardware impact of a system.
Gesture types
In computer interfaces, two types of gestures are distinguished: We consider online gestures, which can also be regarded as direct manipulations like scaling and rotating, and in contrast, offline gestures are usually processed after the interaction is finished; e. g. a circle is drawn to activate a context menu.
Offline gestures: Those gestures that are processed after the user's interaction with the object. An example is a gesture to activate a menu.
Online gestures: Direct manipulation gestures. They are used to scale or rotate a tangible object.
Touchless interface
A touchless user interface (TUI) is an emerging type of technology wherein a device is controlled via body motion and gestures without touching a keyboard, mouse, or screen.
Types of touchless technology
There are several devices utilizing this type of interface such as smartphones, laptops, games, TVs, and music equipment.
One type of touchless interface uses the Bluetooth connectivity of a smartphone to activate a company's visitor management system. This eliminates having to touch a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behind%20the%20Laughter | "Behind the Laughter" is the twenty-second and final episode of the eleventh season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 21, 2000. In the episode, a parody of the VH1 series Behind the Music, the Simpsons are portrayed as actors on a sitcom, and their dramatic inner turmoil and struggles are detailed. Told in a mockumentary format, the episode presents a fictional version of how The Simpsons began.
The episode was directed by Mark Kirkland and written by Tim Long, George Meyer, Mike Scully and Matt Selman. The idea was pitched by Long, and the writers wrote the episode quickly without a draft. VH1 and the producers of Behind the Music allowed the crew to use the show's visual graphics package, and Behind the Music narrator Jim Forbes recorded narrations. In addition, country musician Willie Nelson guest stars as himself.
The episode received critical acclaim, with many reviewers noting it as a highlight of the season and the series itself, and won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming less than One Hour) in 2000. In addition, composer Alf Clausen won an Annie Award for "Outstanding Individual Achievement for Music in an Animated Television Production".
In May 2004, the BBC chose it as the last episode to be aired, having lost the terrestrial broadcasting rights in February 2002, to Channel 4, who later aired the series in November 2004.
Plot
The episode is a parody of the VH1 biography series Behind the Music and shares its narrator, Jim Forbes. It begins with the Simpson family history and how they got into show business: believing that families depicted in the numerous TV shows they watch together bear no resemblance to their comparative dysfunctionalism, Homer writes and directs an inadequate video "pilot" that fails to attract the attention of the major networks except for Fox, as its president happens to be Marge's hairdresser. After much fine-tuning and on-set mishaps produce many of the show's running gags, The Simpsons''' resounding ratings and merchandising success makes the family extraordinarily wealthy; having moved out of their house on Evergreen Terrace to live in MC Hammer's former mansion, "Hammertime" (renamed "Homertime"), they expand their scope to include a series of Grammy-winning, "mega-platinum" novelty albums.
Problems begin to arise as the Simpsons' fame grows: they become reckless spendthrifts, alternating between buying their colleagues extravagant gifts and paying them to perform embarrassing acts for their amusement. When Homer is injured after plummeting into Springfield Gorge (as seen in "Bart the Daredevil"), he becomes addicted to prescription painkillers; Marge blows much of the family's fortune on licensing her likeness for use on diaphragms, and Bart goes into rehab after attacking flight attendants, with his role on the show being temporarily filled out by his friend Richie Rich. Following a tip fro |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.%20T.%20Kung | Hsiang-Tsung Kung (; born November 9, 1945) is a Taiwanese-born American computer scientist. He is the William H. Gates professor of computer science at Harvard University. His early research in parallel computing produced the systolic array in 1979, which has since become a core computational component of hardware accelerators for artificial intelligence, including Google's Tensor Processing Unit (TPU). Similarly, he proposed optimistic concurrency control in 1981, now a key principle in memory and database transaction systems, including MySQL, Apache CouchDB, Google's App Engine, and Ruby on Rails. He remains an active researcher, with ongoing contributions to computational complexity theory, hardware design, parallel computing, routing, wireless communication, signal processing, and artificial intelligence.
Kung is well-known as an influential mentor. His 1987 advice on Ph.D. research remains well cited. Throughout his career, he has been equally regarded for the role of his own research as for the legacy of his students, who have gone on to become pillars at Y Combinator, Google Brain, IBM, Intel, Akamai, MediaTek, Stanford, and MIT.
He was elected a member of the US National Academy of Engineering 1993 for introducing the idea of systolic computation, contributions to parallel computing, and applying complexity analysis to very-large-scale integrated (VLSI) computation. Kung is also a Guggenheim Fellow, member of the Academia Sinica in Taiwan, and president of the Taiwan AI Academy. He has been awarded the IEEE Charles Babbage award, Inventor of the Year by the Pittsburgh Intellectual Property Law Association in 1991, and the ACM SIGOPS Hall of Fame award in 2015.
Early life and education
Kung was born in Shanghai on November 9, 1945, and grew up in Taiwan. Kung received his bachelor's degree in mathematics from National Tsing Hua University in 1968, before moving to the United States. In 1971, he moved from University of Washington to Carnegie Mellon with Joseph F. Traub, when the latter was appointed head of CMU's computer science department. Kung's graduate research at Carnegie Mellon focused on computational complexity and parallel computation, and he completed his thesis "Topics in Analytic Computation Complexity" in 1973.
Carnegie Mellon
In 1974, Kung and Traub published the Kung-Traub algorithm for solving non-linear equations, relying on a key insight that Isaac Newton had overlooked when working on the same problem. His students at Carnegie Mellon included Charles E. Leiserson, with whom he published early work on the systolic array, Monica Lam, and Feng-hsiung Hsu. Leiserson went on to become an MIT professor of computer science and artificial intelligence, and author of the most widely-used algorithms textbook "Introduction to Algorithms," Lam a Stanford Professor and early member of Tensilica Inc., and Hsu the principal designer of IBM Deep Blue, the first computer to beat a chess grandmaster in tournament play. Kung's work |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFCN-DT | CFCN-DT (channel 4) is a television station in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, part of the CTV Television Network. It is owned and operated by network parent Bell Media alongside cable-exclusive CTV 2 Alberta (based in Edmonton with sister station CFRN-DT). CFCN-DT's studios are located on Patina Rise Southwest, near Calgary's Coach Hill neighbourhood, and its transmitter is located near Old Banff Coach Road/Highway 563.
History
CFCN first signed on the air on September 9, 1960; owned by the Love family, along with CFCN-AM (1060 kHz, now CKMX). It was the first independent television station in Canada. It became a charter member of the Canadian Television Network, now CTV, on October 8, 1961. Canadian General Electric built a antenna for CFCN-TV, the largest of its type built at the time by the company. The antenna was shipped to Calgary in four sections and was erected in stages atop the station's tower, for a total height of making it the tallest structure in the city of Calgary until 1968 when the Calgary Tower was completed. The antenna was high gain, ultra power, slot type. Power output would be 100,000 watts video. A 5kW General Electric modular transmitter would be used. Complete studio facilities were also from Canadian General Electric, including an EMI 4/12" orthicon camera.
In 1967, Maclean-Hunter bought the CFCN stations. In 1968, CFCN's semi-satellite in Lethbridge began operation, leasing tower space for its transmitter from CJLH-TV (channel 7, now CISA-DT).
One of CFCN's locally produced shows, The Buck Shot Show, began in 1967. For the next 30 years, host Ron Barge was a comforting and familiar figure to Calgary children. Every noon hour, he appeared on television wearing a battered cowboy hat and shirt alongside his sidekicks, Benny the Bear and Clyde the Owl. Three generations of kids grew up with Buck Shot, Benny the Bear and Clyde the Owl. Local police officers, firefighters and paramedics visited the show and taught kids how to be safe. A humorous song that was popular on the show was "16 Chickens and Tambourine" by Roy Acuff. His birthday wishes to local children with their name on the screen was the highlight of many children in the 1970s and 1980s.
When cable companies opened in Calgary, the station was carried on channel 5; from 1991 to 1994, the station's logo and branding referenced this. In late 1994, anticipating that a new Calgary television station might be assigned to broadcast on channel 5 (which would be CKAL-DT in 1997), CFCN switched to cable channel 3, and the logo was changed accordingly. Maclean-Hunter merged with Rogers Communications in 1994. Rogers sold CFCN to Baton Broadcasting in 1996. CFCN was the next-to-last major acquisition for Baton before it bought majority control of CTV in 1997. CFCN abandoned its "Channel 3" logo and slogan in September 1998 and was replaced by its bold yellow-letter logo until 2005, when it adopted its current "CTV Calgary" branding.
On November 25, 2005, CFCN-TV-5 Lethbri |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFRN-DT | CFRN-DT (channel 3) is a television station in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, part of the CTV Television Network. It is owned and operated by network parent Bell Media alongside cable-exclusive CTV 2 Alberta. The two outlets share studios with sister radio station CFRN (1260 AM) on Stony Plain Road in Edmonton; CFRN-DT's transmitter is located near Highway 21, southeast of Sherwood Park.
By way of cable and satellite, CFRN-DT also serves as the default CTV station for much of northeastern British Columbia.
History
In 1953, the board of governors of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, then the regulatory body for broadcasting in Canada, accepted for hearing four applications proposing to establish television stations in Edmonton. The application of Sunwapta Broadcasting Company Ltd.—the licensee of CFRN (1260 AM) and CFRN-FM 100.3, named from the Nakoda for "radiating waves"—for channel 3 was selected over bids backed by Vancouver-area station CKNW and Edmonton Television Ltd. Sunwapta's founder, Dr. G. R. A. "Dick" Rice, had previously been involved in putting CJCA, the city's first radio station, on the air in 1922.
CFRN-TV, Alberta's second television station, first signed on at 3:00 p.m. on October 17, 1954, on VHF channel 3 with 27,400 watts of power. Programs were initially received from CBC Television and the three major American networks by kinescope; the Trans Canada Microwave and an accompanying tape delay centre at Calgary did not open until 1958.
Longtime Edmontonians still reminisce about such programs as the Noon Show that aired during the 1950s and 1960s with Don Brinton, Ed Kay, Norris McLean and George Kidd. Morning Magazine debuted when the station went on the air in 1954 and was hosted by Laura Lindsay, who was later replaced by Virginia Macklin. The program later became Day by Day with host Terry Lynne Meyer, who was replaced in 1994 by Seanna Collins; the show ended its run on June 30, 1996. CFRN-TV was also the first television station to incorporate editorials, which were started by news manager Bill Hogle, and continued by Bruce Hogle.
In December 1956, two years after its inaugural telecast, CFRN-TV increased its effective radiated power to 180,300 watts. In 1958, CFRN-TV fed live the opening of the 13th Alberta Legislature, by microwave to a five-station provincial network. In 1961, rebroadcasting stations were awarded and established at Edson and Carrot Creek. CFRN disaffiliated from CBC Television on September 30, 1961, as that network established its own station in Edmonton, CBXT (channel 5). On October 1 of that year, CFRN-TV became an affiliate of the CTV Television Network, receiving its programming via microwave relay during hours when the CBC was not using it, and time-delaying programs via videotape. Two more rebroadcasting stations were added at Whitecourt and Ashmont in 1966.
In September 1966, network colour transmission started, with local colour facilities for program and commercial production being in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20E.%20Leiserson | Charles Eric Leiserson is a computer scientist, specializing in the theory of parallel computing and distributed computing, and particularly practical applications thereof. As part of this effort, he developed the Cilk multithreaded language. He invented the fat-tree interconnection network, a hardware-universal interconnection network used in many supercomputers, including the Connection Machine CM5, for which he was network architect. He helped pioneer the development of VLSI theory, including the retiming method of digital optimization with James B. Saxe and systolic arrays with H. T. Kung. He conceived of the notion of cache-oblivious algorithms, which are algorithms that have no tuning parameters for cache size or cache-line length, but nevertheless use cache near-optimally. He developed the Cilk language for multithreaded programming, which uses a provably good work-stealing algorithm for scheduling. Leiserson coauthored the standard algorithms textbook Introduction to Algorithms together with Thomas H. Cormen, Ronald L. Rivest, and Clifford Stein.
Leiserson received a BS degree in computer science and mathematics from Yale University in 1975 and a PhD degree in computer science from Carnegie Mellon University in 1981, where his advisors were Jon Bentley and H. T. Kung.
He then joined the faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he is now a professor. In addition, he is a principal in the Theory of Computation research group in the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, and he was formerly director of research and director of system architecture for Akamai Technologies. He was Founder and chief technology officer of Cilk Arts, Inc., a start-up that developed Cilk technology for multicore computing applications. (Cilk Arts, Inc. was acquired by Intel in 2009.)
Leiserson's dissertation, Area-Efficient VLSI Computation, won the first ACM Doctoral Dissertation Award. In 1985, the National Science Foundation awarded him a Presidential Young Investigator Award. He is a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM). He received the 2014 Taylor L. Booth Education Award from the IEEE Computer Society "for worldwide computer science education impact through writing a best-selling algorithms textbook, and developing courses on algorithms and parallel programming." He received the 2014 ACM-IEEE Computer Society Ken Kennedy Award for his "enduring influence on parallel computing systems and their adoption into mainstream use through scholarly research and development." He was also cited for "distinguished mentoring of computer science leaders and students." He received the 2013 ACM Paris Kanellakis Theory and Practice Award for "contributions to robust parallel and distributed computing."
See also
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8tv | 8tv is a common name for television networks, stations and channels. It may refer to:
8TV (Catalonia) in Catalonia, Spain
8TV (Malaysian TV network) in Malaysia
8TV (Poland) in Poland
WISH-TV in Indianapolis, USA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIPA-TV | CIPA-TV (analogue channel 9) is a television station in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, Canada, part of the CTV Television Network. Owned and operated by network parent Bell Media, it is a semi-satellite of CFQC-DT in Saskatoon. CIPA-TV's studios are located on 10 Street West (near the North Saskatchewan River) in Downtown Prince Albert, and its transmitter is located between Louis Reil Trail/Highway 11 and Highway 2, south-southwest of the city.
History
CIPA began transmission on January 12, 1987. In 2002, CTV parent company Bell Globemedia (now Bell Media) sold CIPA's former CBC-affiliated twinstick sister station, CKBI-TV, to the CBC, which then made CKBI a rebroadcaster of CBKST in Saskatoon. CBC shut down the transmitter in 2012, leaving CIPA as the only over-the-air broadcast in Prince Albert.
News programming
CIPA has made several attempts at local newscasts over the years. However, due to recent cutbacks, currently its only local newscast is CTV News at Noon. It otherwise simulcasts CFQC's newscasts, which include reports from Prince Albert.
Former transmitters
CIPA-TV-1 Alticane
CIPA-TV-2 Big River
CKBQ-TV Melfort
CKBQ-TV-1 Nipawin
Notes
On February 11, 2016, Bell Media applied for its regular license renewals, which included applications to delete a long list of transmitters, including CIPA-TV-1, CIPA-TV-2, CKBQ-TV and CKBQ-TV-1. Bell Media's rationale for deleting these analog repeaters is below:
"We are electing to delete these analog transmitters from the main licence with which they are associated. These analog transmitters generate no incremental revenue, attract little to no viewership given the growth of BDU or DTH subscriptions and are costly to maintain, repair or replace. In addition, none of the highlighted transmitters offer any programming that differs from the main channels. The Commission has determined that broadcasters may elect to shut down transmitters but will lose certain regulatory privileges (distribution on the basic service, the ability to request simultaneous substitution) as noted in Broadcasting Regulatory Policy CRTC 2015-24, Over-the-air transmission of television signals and local programming. We are fully aware of the loss of these regulatory privileges as a result of any transmitter shutdown."
At the same time, Bell Media applied to convert the licenses of CTV 2 Atlantic (formerly ASN) and CTV 2 Alberta (formerly ACCESS) from satellite-to-cable undertakings into television stations without transmitters (similar to cable-only network affiliates in the United States), and to reduce the level of educational content on CTV2 Alberta.
References
External links
CTV Prince Albert
CTV Saskatoon
CTV Saskatchewan News
IPA-TV
IPA-TV
Television channels and stations established in 1987
Mass media in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan
1987 establishments in Saskatchewan |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Check%20It%20Out%21%20%28Canadian%20TV%20series%29 | Check it Out! is a Canadian television sitcom, which aired on CTV from September 1985 to April 1988. The series also aired in the United States in syndication and on the USA Network.
Synopsis
Based on the British series Tripper's Day, Check It Out! was set in a fictional supermarket called Cobb's, located in Brampton, Ontario and stars Don Adams as manager Howard Bannister. The cast also included Dinah Christie, Henry Beckman, Gordon Clapp, Barbara Hamilton, Elizabeth Hanna, Kathleen Laskey, Jeff Pustil, Simon Reynolds, Aaron Schwartz and Tonya Williams. The series was taped in front of a studio audience at CFTO-TV in Toronto.
Cast
Don Adams as Howard Bannister
Dinah Christie as Edna Moseley
Aaron Schwartz as Leslie Rappaport
Elizabeth Hanna as T.C. Collingwood (season 3)
Tonya Williams as Jennifer Woods (season 1)
Jeff Pustil as Jack Christian
Kathleen Laskey as Marlene Weimaraner
Henry Beckman as Alf (season 1)
Simon Reynolds as Murray Amherst (seasons 1–2)
Gordon Clapp as Viker (seasons 2–3)
Episodes
Season 1 (1985-86)
Season 2 (1986-87)
Season 3 (1987-88)
Syndication
In 2008, four episodes of the series were featured on WGN America's "Outta Sight Retro Night" programming block. As of 2013, the program is seen on Comedy Gold in Canada daily. In 2023, the show is available to watch on Tubi and Pluto TV for free.
International titles
In Latin America the show was called Supermercado 99 ("Supermarket 99"), a reference to Barbara Feldon's character in Get Smart, while in Italy, the show was called Il supermercato più pazzo del mondo ("The craziest supermarket in the world").
In Sweden, comical duo Stefan & Krister star in Full Frys, a TV series largely based on Check it Out! and Tripper's Day.
References
External links
1985 Canadian television series debuts
1988 Canadian television series endings
1980s Canadian sitcoms
1980s Canadian workplace comedy television series
Canadian television series based on British television series
CTV Television Network original programming
English-language television shows
Television shows filmed in Toronto
Television shows set in Ontario
Television series set in shops |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traders%20%28TV%20series%29 | Traders is a Canadian television drama series, which was broadcast on Global Television Network from 1996 to 2000 and CBC Television from 1997 to 1998. The series centred on the employees of Gardner Ross, an investment bank in the Bay Street financial district of Toronto, Ontario.
Series overview
Although Global had locked up most of NBC's "Must See Thursday" situation comedies for their Thursday night broadcasts, they lost the rights to broadcast the medical drama ER to rival CTV. Traders was broadcast against ER in the 10 p.m. Thursday time slot. Many critics at the time believed the show would die an early death against the time slot competition, as ER had even beaten the other American networks in the time slot in a convincing manner. However, despite the stiff competition, Traders received good ratings, in part thanks to its lead-ins.
Bruce Gray and Sonja Smits starred as the firm's senior partners, Adam Cunningham and Sally Ross. The cast also included Patrick McKenna, David Cubitt, Rick Roberts, Chris Leavins, Gabriel Hogan, David Hewlett, Peter Stebbings and Alex Carter.
The show, although one of the most popular Canadian television series of its era, was expensive to produce. In the 1997–98 season, Global entered a joint production arrangement with CBC, and the series was shown on both networks for several months, with episodes airing Thursdays on Global and Fridays on CBC. However, this arrangement was not continued after the 1998 season.
The exterior shots of Gardner Ross are of the Canada Permanent Trust Building at 320 Bay Street in Toronto, currently the offices of CIBC Mellon.
Characters
Sally Ross (Sonja Smits), a former economics professor and the only daughter of Cedric Ross who is one of the partners in the firm. She takes control of the firm when her father is arrested for embezzlement, loses control of the firm back to him, and regains control on her father's death.
Adam Cunningham (Bruce Gray), the Machiavellian elder statesman of the bank, although a junior partner to the Rosses. Like Sally, he comes from a rich family, but he fell on hard times when his father lost the family fortune. Less of a risk taker than Sally or Jack, Adam is often at odds with them. He is very much in love with his wife Gillian (Linda Goranson), who suffers from an unidentified illness and is lobbying to be permitted assisted suicide.
Marty Stephens (Patrick McKenna), the driven head trader of Gardner Ross, making the firm money through risky short term trades. Stephens often derides the senior partners as "overheads"—a double insult based on the fact that their offices are above the trading floor and, in his view, they eat up rent without bringing in any regular income. Although largely driven by money, he has a soft spot for his wife and two children.
Jack Larkin (David Cubitt), the firm's ambitious young investment banker and junior partner. He grew up as a juvenile delinquent with an abusive father and got through college as a boxer. He |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blit | Blit may refer to:
Bit blit (BITBLT), a computer operation in which two bitmap patterns are combined
Blit (computer terminal), a programmable bitmap graphics terminal
"BLIT" (short story), by David Langford
The Blit dialect of the Cotabato Manobo language
Toyota Mark II Blit, a car
See also
BLITS |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSN%20Groups | MSN Groups was a website part of the MSN network which hosted online communities, and which contained Web pages, hosted images, and contained a message board. MSN Groups was shut down on February 21, 2009, as part of a migration of online applications and services to the Windows Live brand. Windows Live Groups, a part of the Windows Live branding, was never marketed as, or intended to be a replacement for, MSN Groups.
History
Since 1995, there were various communities on MSN, all run by MSN, featuring real newsgroups and IRC chat rooms. They were not easily updatable as only MSN Communities staff members could update the one page that each "community" had. There was one for every generic interest. Around 1998–99, MSN created the home pages, which were real Web sites much like Tripod or GeoCities. These had no message boards or chat rooms attached. MSN did away with these home pages around 2001–02, not too long after they introduced the Custom Pages and File cab (later referred to as Documents) in MSN Communities, which were later called Groups.
Besides the general content and community that many of these groups provided, they would compete for the top ten rankings. Some of the largest groups in the site, often rising to the number 1 spot, included Debate, Critical Thinking and Philosophy, The Meaning of Life, ChristianTeen777, and Community Feedback for Dummies.
The "make your own group" feature came along in summer of 1999, when MSN did away with the real newsgroups IRC chat rooms. Message boards, chat rooms, one customizable home page and photo albums were added. Gradually, the list pages, custom pages and documents pages were added. Some groups had icons displayed next to the name. Official groups by MSN had the MSN "butterfly", groups considered "cool" had "sunglasses", private groups had a "padlock" and Mature groups had the "smoking pipe". Previously, "Adult" groups had their own icon too.
The Doctor Who TARDIS building fan group started on MSN Groups in 2002 before moving to Proboards and then to their own website.
In 2005, all "Adult" groups were transferred to the World Groups web site. Creating or changing a group to "Adult" was no longer possible in MSN. The removal of all "Adult" groups was processed on November 28, 2005. On October 16, 2006, the chats on every MSN Group were removed during the cancellation of the MSN Chat service. MSN Groups Chat rooms were removed from the CMS because MSN Subscription Chat was no longer profitable, and because of security and safety issues for children.
Features
Members of MSN Groups can use and contribute to message boards, document folders, photo albums and list pages. Some areas may only be accessible to administrators/managers.
A custom web page gives the user the choice to use the WYSIWYG interface or HTML. MSN limits some HTML code from being used and JavaScript cannot be put onto any page due to security concerns. In the WYSIWYG interface there are tools to add pictures, select backgr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Labor%20Federation | The National Labor Federation (NATLFED) is a network of local community associations, run exclusively by volunteers, that organizes workers excluded from collective bargaining protections by U.S. labor law, specifically under the National Labor Relations Act of 1935. Although the groups affiliated with NATLFED have denied any political affiliation, some former participants say NATLFED is a front for the Provisional Communist Party of the United States, which has, in the past, advocated the armed overthrow of the government. NATLFED consists of several dozen mutual benefit associations and organizers who canvass in working-class neighborhoods and coordinate assistance programs operated by members and volunteers of the associations. According to the groups' literature, these benefit programs provide members with basic emergency food, clothing, medical and dental care, legal advice, child care, and job referrals.
Press accounts of the groups affiliated with NATLFED sometimes praise their social work,<ref name=Bazar>Bazar, Emily. "Migrant workers get refunds on rent charges" Sacramento Bee August 26, 2004</ref>Melendez, Linda. WFWA 'here to win, here to stay'. The Prospector (Yuba Community College). 2003-11-24. sometimes raise concerns about their lack of transparency,Berliner, Uri. "Labor Group: Saga of a Cult". East Hampton Star September 18, 1986. and sometimes condemn the organizations for exploitative treatment of volunteers.Russakoff, Joe. "Doorway to a Cult?" City Paper (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) June 26 – July 3, 1987.
Practices and beliefs
Strata organizing
NATLFED pursues a course of organizing based on the view of current membership leadership, who form Councils, which contend that since few U.S. workers are still employed in large-scale factory operations, new methods are needed to go beyond historic membership organizing tactics issued from the factory gate.
Union workers are kept in separate bargaining units and not permitted to exercise time-honored methods of collective action based on community backing and mutual aid. As a result US workers labor for longer hours under more dangerous conditions for less pay and often without health and pension benefits. A new approach is needed. NATLFED organizations direct their efforts toward "unrecognized workers in the United States [who are] so far excluded from the somewhat dubious benefits of the National Labor Relations Act." The Essential Organizer, a manuscript describing the techniques of "systemic organizing", purports to teach participants an approach for unrecognized workers to obtain benefits that are needed and are rightfully theirs in a manner consistent with their best overall interest. At the same time unrecognized workers can materially see the benefits of organization in general as well as how to build their own organizations in particular.The only thing that really makes sense is the local community-based associations that reach unrecognized workers and unite them wi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out%20of%20the%20Inner%20Circle | Out of the Inner Circle: A Hacker's Guide to Computer Security is a book by Bill Landreth and Howard Rheingold, published in 1985 by Microsoft Press and distributed by Simon & Schuster (). The book was created to provide insight into the ways and methods of the hacking community in days before internet became prevalent. Although largely outdated and nostalgic, it does show what brought on many of the current trends we see in network security today.
References
1985 non-fiction books
Computer security books
Microsoft Press books
Works about computer hacking |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EXA | In computing, EXA is a graphics acceleration architecture of the X.Org Server (see also X Window System) designed to replace XAA (the XFree86 Acceleration Architecture) and to make the XRender extension more usable, with only minor changes needed to adapt obsolete XFree86 video drivers written to use XAA; it was designed by Zack Rusin and announced at LinuxTag 2005 and first released with X.Org Server version 6.9/7.0.
History
Historically, a distinction has been made between 2D and 3D acceleration. 2D acceleration was provided by the venerable XFree86 Acceleration Architecture, XAA, which made the video card's 2D hardware acceleration available to the X server.
The 3D acceleration set was provided via the Direct Rendering Manager, which worked by mapping 3D rendered pictures on top of the 2D picture. This had some buggy corner cases, but more or less worked, until compositing entered into the desktop. This distinction has become the source of a lot of bugs, and performance problems.
EXA was introduced as a stopgap measure, to provide better integration with XRender than XAA did, improving the X.Org Server 2D performance. In practice, while this proved quite advantageous in some respects, it also exhibited a number of corner cases and regressions.
The solution was to move to hardware acceleration with OpenGL for both 2D and 3D graphics with 2D graphics becoming just a subset of 3D rendering. Switching entirely over is unfortunately not so simple and not without some major obstacles.
EXA was adapted from KAA, the KDrive Acceleration Architecture, from the experimental Freedesktop.org Xserver. Per the initial mailing list announcement, the goals are:
Properly accelerate XRender
Be as simple as possible.
Many XAA drivers had EXA support added for X11R6.9/7.0 and support continues to be added to more drivers. Making this transition as easy as possible was an important design consideration.
UXA is a reimplementation of the EXA API developed by Intel, using the Graphics Execution Manager.
The Radeon free and open-source device driver supports 2D acceleration through EXA and Glamor.
Glamor is supposed to obsolete all previous attempts.
Acronym
According to the X.Org web site EXA is an "acceleration architecture with no well-defined acronym." Dot.kde.org called it "Eyecandy Acceleration Architecture". The driver modification guide calls it "EXcellent Architecture or Ex-kaa aXeleration Architecture or whatever."
See also
Direct Rendering Infrastructure (DRI)
Mesa 3D
EGL
Glamor
SNA
References
External links
ExaStatus (X.Org)
EXA (Carl Worth's EXA development blog posts)
X-based libraries |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corwin%20Hansch | Corwin Herman Hansch (October 6, 1918 – May 8, 2011) was a professor of chemistry at Pomona College in California. He became known as the 'father of computer-assisted molecule design.'
Education and career
Hansch was born on October 6, 1918, in Kenmare, North Dakota. He earned a BS from the University of Illinois in 1940 and a PhD from New York University in 1944. He briefly worked as a postdoc at the University of Illinois Chicago.
Hansch worked on the Manhattan Project at the University of Chicago and as a group leader at DuPont Nemours in Richland, Washington. In February 1946 he received an academic position at Pomona College, where he taught until 1988. Hansch completed sabbaticals at ETH Zurich with Vladimir Prelog and at University of Munich with Rolf Huisgen.
Hansch taught Organic Chemistry for many years at Pomona College, and was known for giving complex lectures without using notes. His course in Physical Bio-Organic Medicinal Chemistry was ground-breaking at an undergraduate level.
Hansch may be best known as the father of the concept of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), the quantitative correlation of the physicochemical properties of molecules with their biological activities.
He is also noted for the Hansch equation, which is used in
Multivariate Statistics - Multivariate statistics is a set of statistical tools to analyse data (e.g., chemical and biological) matrices using regression and/or pattern recognition techniques.
Hansch Analysis - Hansch analysis is the investigation of the quantitative relationship between the biological activity of a series of compounds and their physicochemical substituent or global parameters representing hydrophobic, electronic, steric and other effects using multiple regression correlation methodology.
Hansch-Fujita constant - The Hansch-Fujita constant describes the contribution of a substituent to the lipophilicity of a compound.
Research Interests:
Organic Chemistry; Interaction of organic chemicals with living organisms, Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships (QSAR).
Fragment based regression analysis for quantitative structure-activity relationship (Hansch-analysis)
Death
He died of pneumonia on May 8, 2011, in Claremont, California, at 92.
Notes
His research group at Pomona College worked on QSAR studies and in building and expanding the database of chemical and physical data as C-QSAR and Bioloom. His postgraduate associates were Rajni Garg, Cynthia R. D. Selassie, Suresh Babu Mekapati, and Alka Kurup.
The Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design carried four obituaries (as found in a Pubmed personal subject [ps] search).
Among his students at Pomona was Jennifer Doudna, co-recipient of the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Doudna has credited Hansch as an influence.
Bibliography
A preliminary search in WorldCat and in PubMed, two among many relevant bibliographic and citation indexes, shows the following:
Books: WorldCat shows "53 works in 204 public |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendix%20G-15 | The Bendix G-15 is a computer introduced in 1956 by the Bendix Corporation, Computer Division, Los Angeles, California. It is about and weighs about . The G-15 has a drum memory of 2,160 29-bit words, along with 20 words used for special purposes and rapid-access storage.
The base system, without peripherals, cost $49,500. A working model cost around $60,000 (over $500,000 by today's standards). It could also be rented for $1,485 per month. It was meant for scientific and industrial markets. The series was gradually discontinued when Control Data Corporation took over the Bendix computer division in 1963.
The chief designer of the G-15 was Harry Huskey, who had worked with Alan Turing on the ACE in the United Kingdom and on the SWAC in the 1950s. He made most of the design while working as a professor at Berkeley (where his graduate students included Niklaus Wirth), and other universities. David C. Evans was one of the Bendix engineers on the G-15 project. He would later become famous for his work in computer graphics and for starting up Evans & Sutherland with Ivan Sutherland.
Architecture
The G-15 was inspired by the Automatic Computing Engine (ACE). It is a serial-architecture machine, in which the main memory is a magnetic drum. It uses the drum as a recirculating delay-line memory, in contrast to the analog delay line implementation in other serial designs. Each track has a set of read and write heads; as soon as a bit was read off a track, it is re-written on the same track a certain distance away. The length of delay, and thus the number of words on a track, is determined by the spacing of the read and write heads, the delay corresponding to the time required for a section of the drum to travel from the write head to the corresponding read head. Under normal operation, data are written back without change, but this data flow can be intercepted at any time, allowing the machine to update sections of a track as needed.
This arrangement allows the designers to create "delay lines" of any desired length. In addition to the twenty "long lines" of 108 words each, there are four more short lines of four words each. These short lines recycle at 27 times the rate of the long lines, allowing fast access to frequently needed data. Even the machine's accumulators are implemented as drum lines: three double-word lines are used for intermediate storage and double-precision addition, multiplication, and division in addition to a one single-word accumulator. This use of the drum rather than flip-flops for the registers helped to reduce vacuum tube count.
A consequence of this design was that, unlike other computers with magnetic drums, the G-15 does not retain its memory when it is shut off. The only permanent tracks are two timing tracks recorded on the drum at the factory. The second track is a backup, as the tracks are liable to erasure if one of their amplifier tubes shorted out.
The serial nature of the G-15's memory was carried over int |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%BDudov%C3%ADt%20La%C4%8Dn%C3%BD | Ľudovít Lačný (December 8, 1926 – December 25, 2019) was a Slovak chess problem composer and judge.
Lačný was born in Banská Štiavnica and studied mathematics, working as a teacher, and as a computer programmer.
In 1956 Lačný was appointed an International Judge of Chess Compositions and in 2005 was awarded the International Master for Chess Composition title. He is best known as the eponym of the Lacny cycle, according to the theme invented by him in 1949.
External links
Lacny's page on Juraj Lorinc's website
References
Chess composers
Slovak chess players
1926 births
2019 deaths
People from Banská Štiavnica
International Judges of Chess Compositions |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STQ | STQ is an Australian television station, licensed to, and serving the regional areas of Queensland. The station is owned and operated by the Seven Network from studios located in Maroochydore on the Sunshine Coast. The callsign STQ stands for Sunshine Television, Queensland.
History
The station began in the 1960s as two different operators:
WBQ-8 Wide Bay/Maryborough, starting on 10 April 1965
MVQ-6 Mackay, starting on 9 August 1968
The licence to operate the commercial television service for the Wide Bay-Burnett region, was awarded to Wide Bay-Burnett Television in October 1962. The company's shareholders included local radio and print media outlets as well as theatre owners Birch, Carroll and Coyle.
The station premises in the Maryborough suburb of Granville housed three studios plus an outdoor space for special presentations. At the time of its launch, WBQ-8 scheduled around 36 hours of programming a week and within two years this had increased to 45 hours per week including extended hours on Wednesday afternoons.
Although MVQ-6 was launched on 9 August 1968, its history dates back to March 1960, when Mackay Television Development Pty Ltd was formed. Maitland Low, general manager of local radio station 4MK, was appointed company manager.
Mackay Television Development Pty Ltd was granted the licence in September 1963. The Mackay licence was one of twenty commercial licences granted as part of the fourth stage of the nationwide rollout of commercial television.
The station was based at studios in Victoria Street, Mackay, and incorporated into new premises planned for radio 4MK. MVQ-6 made its first test pattern transmissions on the evening of Friday, 2 August 1968, giving the station's engineers and local viewers a week to make sure all was working before the official opening a week later.
WBQ changed its callsign in 1977 to SEQ (as in South East Queensland), and its on-air name to "SEQ Sunshine Television", with its slogan Leading the Way. MVQ also changed its on-air name in 1982 to "Tropical Television". The stations were long time broadcaster of Seven Network programs, as well as of Brisbane's Seven News edition on BTQ.
In 1987, after earlier buying SEQ-8, Christopher Skase‘s Qintex Limited, made an offer to buy MVQ-6 which was accepted by the MVQ shareholders. Skase was in the process of selling TVQ-0 in Brisbane as he had also just bought the Seven Network stations in Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane. This gave MVQ-6 and its new sister station, SEQ-8, access to the Seven Network.
When the regional Queensland television market was aggregated at the end of 1990, SEQ-8 and MVQ-6 operationally merged to become the Sunshine Television Network, and thus became the regional Queensland affiliate of the Seven Network. Sunshine changed the call sign to STQ and adopted its new slogan Love You Queensland with a matching jingle that was based on BTQ's Love You Brisbane from the 1980s. Sunshine also reformatted its news service to match its partne |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catweasel | Catweasel may refer to:
Individual Computers Catweasel, a floppy disk controller
Catweazle, a children's television series
Catweazle (wrestler), an English professional wrestler |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack%20Retrieve%20Capture | Attack Retrieve Capture (ARC) was a free multiplayer, 2D computer game created by John Vechey and Brian Fiete, who would go on to co-found PopCap Games, as a college project and was later published by Hoopy Entertainment in 1995. The game was primarily capture the flag (CTF), but other game modes existed. In the two-team CTF mode, each team tried to capture the other's flag(s). Players piloted small ships equipped with four types of weapons: lasers, missiles, bouncy lasers, and grenades.
Gameplay
There are two to four teams (green, red, blue, and yellow). Each player pilots a ship of his or her team's color. The ships move around a plane. There are obstacles which the ships cannot pass through (walls, areas with no floor, etc.) Ships are armed with a laser and a special weapon. When the laser is fired, its power drains. Laser power returns at a constant rate.
In Capture the Flag Mode, a team wins by bringing the other team's or teams' flags to their own flagpost corresponding to the color of the flag. A team may have multiple flags. There are also neutral flags, which are white. A player carrying a flag moves more slowly than normal; also, he or she cannot use a teleporter or move "against" a conveyor belt.
If a player drops a team flag (not white), a player from that team or another opposing team can pick up the flag after a few seconds. If a player touches their own dropped flag or the flag is left alone for a certain time, the flag is returned to its home post immediately. Neutral flags do not return by themselves.
In Switch Mode or button Mode, the map has one or more switches on it. A player claims a switch for their team by touching it. A team wins by gaining control of all the switches.
In Deathmatch Mode there are no team objectives. Players only attempt to kill each other to gain a high score.
History
Initially ARC was hosted on a server rented out by Hoopy at Ulink.net, an internet service provider in Sacramento, California. Clients ran it via HFront (Hoopy Front End), a program downloaded to serve as the game to support multiplayer mode. The original developers of ARC, John Vechey (jv) and Brian Fiete (bf), took ARC to Total Entertainment Network (TEN) (now pogo.com) in 1998 for its 1.0 release. In 1999, TEN went under and ARC appeared to go with it. But by December 1999, World Opponent Network (WON) had acquired ARC and began to run another beta test. During this time, WON attempted to make ARC a source of income, by adding advertisements into the game interface. However, the idea never got off the ground, and WON suffered the same fate as TEN in 2001. The future of ARC was again uncertain, but Sierra Entertainment bought WON which included ARC. This kept ARC going under much the same operation as WON had. A few updates were added to ARC but these were only security fixes. In 2002, development was handed to a community member with the alias Err0r. Err0r resigned on April 21, 2005 handing the lead administrator role over to Goos |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoinformatics | Geoinformatics is a technical science primarily within the domain of Computer Science. It focuses on the programming of applications, spatial data structures, and the analysis of objects and space-time phenomena related to the surface and underneath of Earth and other celestial bodies. The field develops software and web services to model and analyse spatial data, serving the needs of geosciences and related scientific and engineering disciplines. The term is often used interchangeably with Geomatics, although the two have distinct focuses; Geomatics emphasizes acquiring spatial knowledge and leveraging information systems, not their development.
Overview
In a general sense, geoinformatics can be understood as "a variety of efforts to promote collaboration between computer scientists and geoscientists to solve complex scientific questions". More technically, geoinformatics has been described as "the science and technology dealing with the structure and character of spatial information, its capture, its classification and qualification, its storage, processing, portrayal and dissemination, including the infrastructure necessary to secure optimal use of this information" or "the art, science or technology dealing with the acquisition, storage, processing production, presentation and dissemination of geoinformation". Along with the thriving of data science and artificial intelligence since the 2010s, the field of geoinformatics has also incorporated the latest methodology and technical progress from the cyberinfrastructure ecosystem.
Geoinformatics has at its core the technologies supporting the processes of acquisition, analysis and visualization of spatial data. Both geomatics and geoinformatics include and rely heavily upon the theory and practical implications of geodesy. Geography and earth science increasingly rely on digital spatial data acquired from remotely sensed images analyzed by geographical information systems (GIS), photo interpretation of aerial photographs, and Web mining. Geoinformatics combines geospatial analysis and modeling, development of geospatial databases, information systems design, human-computer interaction and both wired and wireless networking technologies. Geoinformatics uses geocomputation and geovisualization for analyzing geoinformation.
Areas related to geoinformatics include:
Research
Research in this field is used to support global and local environmental, energy and security programs. The Geographic Information Science and Technology group of Oak Ridge National Laboratory is supported by various government departments and agencies including the United States Department of Energy. It is currently the only group in the United States Department of Energy National Laboratory System to focus on advanced theory and application research in this field. A lot of interdisciplinary research exists that involves geoinformatics fields including computer science, information technology, software engineering, biog |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VLAN%20Trunking%20Protocol | VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) is a Cisco proprietary protocol that propagates the definition of Virtual Local Area Networks (VLAN) on the whole local area network. To do this, VTP carries VLAN information to all the switches in a VTP domain. VTP advertisements can be sent over 802.1Q, and ISL trunks. VTP is available on most of the Cisco Catalyst Family products. Using VTP, each Catalyst Family Switch advertises the following on its trunk ports:
Management domain
Configuration revision number
Known VLANs and their specific parameters
There are three versions of VTP, namely version 1, version 2, version 3.
The comparable IEEE standard in use by other manufacturers is GVRP or the more recent MVRP.
Implementation details
On Cisco Devices, VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol) maintains VLAN configuration consistency across a single Layer 2 network. VTP uses Layer 2 frames to manage the addition, deletion, and renaming of VLANs from switches in the VTP client mode. VTP is responsible for synchronizing VLAN information within a VTP domain and reduces the need to configure the same VLAN information on each switch thereby minimizing the possibility of configuration inconsistencies that arise when changes are made.
Upside
VTP provides the following benefits:
VLAN configuration consistency across the layer 2 network
Dynamic distribution of added VLANs across the network
Plug-and-play configuration when adding new VLANs
Downside
When a new switch is added to the network, by default it is configured with no VTP domain name or password, but in VTP server mode. If no VTP Domain Name has been configured, it assumes the one from the first VTP packet it receives. Since a new switch has a VTP configuration revision of 0, it will accept any revision number as newer and overwrite its VLAN information if the VTP passwords match. However, if you were to accidentally connect a switch to the network with the correct VTP domain name and password but a higher VTP revision number than what the network currently has (such as a switch that had been removed from the network for maintenance and returned with its VLAN information deleted) then the entire VTP Domain would adopt the VLAN configuration of the new switch which is likely to cause loss of VLAN information on all switches in the VTP Domain, leading to failures on the network. Since Cisco switches maintain VTP configuration information separately from the normal configuration, and since this particular issue occurs so frequently, it has become known colloquially as the "VTP Bomb".
Before creating VLANs on the switch that will propagate via VTP, a VTP domain must first be set up. A VTP domain for a network is a set of all contiguously trunked switches with the matching VTP settings (domain name, password and VTP version). All switches in the same VTP domain share their VLAN information with each other, and a switch can participate in only one VTP management domain. Switches in different domains do not share VTP i |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20General%20Mills%20Radio%20Adventure%20Theater | The General Mills Radio Adventure Theater was an anthology radio drama series with Tom Bosley as host, which aired on the CBS Radio Network in 1977. Himan Brown, already producing the CBS Radio Mystery Theater for the network, added this twice-weekly (Saturdays and Sundays) anthology radio drama series to his workload in 1977. It usually aired on weekends, beginning in February 1977 and continuing through the end of January 1978, on CBS radio affiliates which carried it.
General Mills was looking for a means of reaching children that would be less expensive than television advertising. Brown and CBS were willing to experiment with a series aimed at younger listeners, reaching that audience through ads in comic books. Apart from Christian or other religious broadcasting, this may have been the only nationwide attempt in the U.S. in the 1970s to air such a series. General Mills did not continue as sponsor after the 52 episodes had first aired over the first 26 weekends (February 1977 through July 1977), and the series (52 shows) was then repeated over the next 26 weekends (August 1977 through the end of January 1978), as The CBS Radio Adventure Theater, with a variety of other sponsors.
Listen to
Daniel, The Oracle 77-07-31
External links
Log by Jim Widner
1970s American radio programs
American radio dramas
CBS Radio programs
General Mills
Anthology radio series |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trams%20in%20Berlin | The Berlin tramway () is the main tram system in Berlin, Germany. It is one of the oldest tram networks in the world having its origins in 1865 and is operated by (BVG), which was founded in 1929. It is notable for being the third-largest tram system in the world, after Melbourne and St. Petersburg. Berlin's tram system is made up of 22 lines that operate across a standard gauge network, with almost 800 stops and measuring almost in route length and in line length. Nine of the lines, called Metrotram, operate 24 hours a day and are identified with the letter "M" before their number; the other thirteen lines are regular city tram lines and are identified by just a line number.
Most of the recent network is within the confines of the former East Berlin—tram lines within West Berlin having been replaced by buses during the division of Berlin. However the first extension into West Berlin opened in 1994 on today's M13. In the eastern vicinity of the city there are also three private tram lines that are not part of the main system, whereas to the south-west of Berlin is the Potsdam tram system, with its own network of lines.
History
In 1865, a horse tramway was established in Berlin. In 1881, the world's first electric tram line was opened in the city. Numerous private and municipal operating companies constructed new routes, so by the end of the 19th century the network had developed quite rapidly, and the horse trams had been replaced by electric ones. By 1930, the network had a route length of over 630 km (391 mi) with more than 90 lines. In 1929, all operating companies were unified into the BVG. After World War II, BVG was divided into an eastern and a western company but was once again reunited in 1992, after the fall of East Germany. In West Berlin by 1967 the last tram lines had been shut down. With the exception of two lines constructed after German reunification, the Berlin tram continues to be limited to the eastern portion of Berlin.
Horse buses
The public transport system of Berlin is the oldest one in Germany. In 1825, the first bus line from Brandenburger Tor to Charlottenburg was opened by Simon Kremser, already with a timetable. The first bus service inside the city operated from 1840 between Alexanderplatz and Potsdamer Bahnhof. It was run by Israel Moses Henoch, who had run the cab service since 1815.
On 1 January 1847, the Koncessionierte Berliner Omnibus Compagnie (Concessionary Berlin Bus Company) started its first horse-bus line. The growing market witnessed the launch of numerous additional companies, with 36 bus companies in Berlin by 1864.
Horse trams
On 22 June 1865, the opening of Berlin's first horse tramway marked the beginning of the age of trams in Germany, stretching from Brandenburger Tor along today's Straße des 17. Juni (17 June Road) to Charlottenburg. Two months later, on 28 August, it was extended along Dorotheenstraße to Kupfergraben near today's Museumsinsel (Museum Island), a terminus which is still in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TBS%20Radio | TBS Radio, Inc. () is a radio station in Tokyo, Japan, the flagship radio station of the Japan Radio Network (JRN). The company was founded by Tokyo Broadcasting System (TBS, presently named Tokyo Broadcasting System Holdings, Inc.) on March 21, 2000. TBS Radio started broadcasting on October 1, 2001.
External links
TBS Radio
Radio
Mass media companies based in Tokyo
Radio in Japan
Radio stations established in 1951
1951 establishments in Japan |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArchINFORM | archINFORM is an online database for international architecture, originally emerging from records of interesting building projects from architecture students from the University of Karlsruhe, Germany.
The self-described "largest online-database about worldwide architects and buildings" contains plans and images of buildings both built and potential and forms a record of the architecture of the 20th century. The database uses a search engine, which allows a particular project to be found by listing architect, location or key word. It has been described by the librarian of the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation as "one of the most useful reference tools concerning
architecture available on the internet."
References
External links
archINFORM - homepage of the database (English version)
Architecture websites
Online databases
German websites
Databases in Germany
Architecture databases |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midnight%20Rx | "Midnight Rx" is the sixth episode of the sixteenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on January 16, 2005, This is also the last holdover from the season 15's FABF production line but was pushed to the season 16.
The episode was written by Marc Wilmore and directed by Nancy Kruse.
Plot
Mr. Burns reserves the Springfield Air and Space Museum for a plant company party. While there, Burns acts strangely kind to all of his employees. At the end of the party, Burns announces that he will terminate the prescription drug plan. The workers chase after him, but Burns is able to escape in a wacky flying machine, based on the Pitts Sky Car. At home, the Simpsons try to figure out how they can afford new prescription drugs. Homer decides to get another job, but he cannot have his choice of starring on Friends as Rachel's Irish cousin, and is unable to get a new job. Other companies follow Burns's lead and all prescription drug plans in the town are canceled. Marge and Lisa go to the pharmaceutical company to voice their concerns, but are ignored.
At the retirement home, all prescription drugs are unaffordable and the staff decide to let the old folks go cold turkey. Grampa Simpson comes up with a plan to get more drugs for Springfield. He and Homer go to Winnipeg, Manitoba, and with help from one of Grampa's Canadian friends, they are able to get unlimited access to the drugs they need. They take them back into the United States and are praised in Springfield as heroes. Later, as Grampa and Homer plan to do more smuggling trips in order to give more support for the town, which is a way to restore the drug plans, Apu and Ned ask if they can tag along with them, stating that their children are desperate to get their medicine. Homer accepts and allows them on the trip, even though Ned tries to convert Apu on the way (despite the fact he claims to be sarcastically congratulating him on his bravery of worshiping an idol). Ned even meets his Canadian counterpart, but takes an instant dislike to him when he offers Ned a "reeferino". A coffee accident fools a border guard into thinking Apu is 'expressing his faith' as a Muslim (despite being Hindu), causing the whole border patrol to hold the men at gunpoint. Homer tries to pacify the situation, but unfortunately, he accidentally slips out a large amount of pills on the pavement while opening the door, exposing their smuggling. As a result, Homer and his gang are arrested, but soon let go and banned from ever returning to Canada.
Meanwhile, Smithers realizes that he will die the next day after his thyroid becomes a goiter as he can no longer afford the medicine he needs that was provided under the power plant's drug plan. Burns vows to save his life, which is the only way to return the drug plan, so he takes Homer and Grampa along in his plane, the "Plywood Pelican", which he built for Nazi Germany. After getting the drugs, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los%20Gatos%20Union%20School%20District | The Los Gatos Union School District is a school district in Los Gatos, California, USA. It operates the following schools:
Note: Based on 2002-2003 school year data
Residents of this school district are zoned to high schools in the Los Gatos-Saratoga Joint Union High School District.
See also
Los Gatos High School
References
External links
School districts in Santa Clara County, California
Los Gatos, California |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuromantic%20%28philosophy%29 | Neuromantic is a philosophical concept defined by anthropologist Bradd Shore as the cybernetic frame of mind among excited computer enthusiasts. These emerge as these individuals experience what Michael Heim called "the all-at-once simultaneity of totalizing presentness".
Concept
The neuromantic concept is part of Shore's discourse on the embodied cognitive dimensions of the cultural transformation produced by the emergence of word processing, which he maintained has overcome the spatial limitations of the written text since "text modules can be combined, reconfigured, reduced, expanded, appended, or deleted from other units at the touch of a finger."
Shore cited that the neuromantic phenomenon was a vision of Martin Heidegger as it elicits passion that is also identified as an impulse unique to the modern world. Shore explains that "the sense of mastery over language resources that word processing bestows on the experienced user is intimately related to Heidegger's notion of enframing (Bestellen), a subjection of the world to human will that Heidegger saw as a characteristic of all modern technology."
There are sources that claim the concept of neuromantic is not only confined to computer enthusiasts. For instance, there is the so-called neuromantic imagination that inspire architects. Here, the cybernetic frame of mind is fired by the concept of the "third nature," which is occupied by those who inhabit not the actual terrain in which we live, work, and play but the virtual space of media flows that enter the "unconscious". According to Rowan Wilken, neuromantic architecture favors virtuality in techno-spatial and philosophical senses as well as a lack of engagement with actual reality and the questions about place and community.
See also Flowstates.
References
Martin Heidegger
Philosophy of technology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WLAG | WLAG (1240 AM, "Eagle Sports 1240 & 96.9") is a radio station broadcasting a sports format featuring programming from ESPN Radio. WLAG is licensed to serve the community of La Grange, Georgia, United States. The station is currently owned by Eagle's Nest, Inc.
History
WLAG's first license was granted on May 5, 1941. From 1941 to 1987, the station was owned and managed by Edwin Mullinax.
(The WLAG call sign had been used by other broadcasters. From 1922 to 1924, it was used for the precursor to WCCO in Minneapolis, Minnesota, one of the Upper Midwest's most notable broadcasters.)
Previous logo
References
External links
WLAG official website
LAG
CBS Sports Radio stations
Companies based in Troup County, Georgia
Radio stations established in 1941 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPL%20Horizons%20On-Line%20Ephemeris%20System | JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System provides access to key Solar System data and flexible production of highly accurate ephemerides for Solar System objects.
Osculating elements at a given epoch (such as produced by the JPL Small-Body Database) are always an approximation to an object's orbit (i.e. an unperturbed conic orbit or a "two-body" orbit). The real orbit (or the best approximation to such) considers perturbations by all planets, a few of the larger asteroids, a few other usually small physical forces, and requires numerical integration.
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) ephemerides do not use things such as periods, eccentricities, etc. Instead, JPL integrates the equations of motion in Cartesian coordinates (x,y,z), and adjusts the initial conditions in order to fit modern, highly accurate measurements of planetary positions.
Since August 2013, Horizons has been using ephemeris DE431. During the week of 12 April 2021, the Horizons ephemeris system was updated to replace the DE430/431 planetary ephemeris, used since 2013, with the new DE440/441 solution. The new DE440/441 general-purpose planetary solution includes seven additional years of ground and space-based astrometric data, data calibrations, and dynamical model improvements, most significantly involving Jupiter, Saturn, Pluto, and the Kuiper Belt. Inclusion of 30 new Kuiper-belt masses, and the Kuiper Belt ring mass, results in a time-varying shift of ~100 km in DE441's barycenter relative to DE431.
In September 2021 JPL started transitioning from common gateway interface (CGI) to application programming interface (API).
Ejection
Objects (such as C/1980 E1) on an outbound ejection trajectory will show an eccentricity greater than 1, an apoapsis distance of AD= 9.99E+99 and an orbit period of PR= 9.99E+99. For objects orbiting the Sun, this is best computed at an epoch (date) when the object is outside of the planetary region of the Solar System and no longer subject to notable planetary perturbation. Due to the galactic tide and passing stars it is impossible to know if an object with a weak hyperbolic trajectory will truly be ejected or gently nudged back inward. The galactic tide and passing stars can also cause objects inbound from the Oort cloud to have a weakly hyperbolic trajectory.
Overview of usage
There are 3 ways to use the system and all of them can be automated:
Web (partial access)
Email (full access)
Telnet (full access)
The Horizons system was intended to be easy to use and should have a step-function learning curve.
References
External links
JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System (HORIZONS User Manual)
HORIZONS Batch-Interface CGI / JPL SSD/CNEOS API
Astrometry
Astronomy websites
JPL online services |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KPXM-TV | KPXM-TV (channel 41) is a television station licensed to St. Cloud, Minnesota, United States, broadcasting the Ion Television network to the Minneapolis–Saint Paul area. The station is owned and operated by the Ion Media subsidiary of the E. W. Scripps Company, and maintains a sales office on 176th Street NW near Big Lake; its transmitter is located in Nowthen, Minnesota.
KPXM-TV also serves the Mankato market (via K20LP-D in nearby St. James through the local municipal-operated Cooperative TV [CTV] network of translators), as that area does not have an Ion station of its own.
History
The station originally signed on the air in 1982 as KXLI ("XLI" is 41 in Roman numerals). The station branded as K-41 and showed syndicated fare and cartoons. KXLI was also simulcast on KXLT-TV channel 47 in Rochester, and by the late 1980s, Minnesota North Stars hockey broadcasts would also air on the stations.
KXLI and KXLT were owned by Halcomm Inc. with its majority stockholder and president Dale W. Lang, chairman of magazine publisher Lang Communications Inc. Lang attempted with partners to create the "Minnesota Independent Network" (MIN) with 11 stations but never got past planning and initial work.
Lang also made a $9.6 million loan to Halcomm. The stations closed down in December 1988 with Lang calling the loan in 1989 taking possession of the stations.
In 1989, Lang became the primary investor in a new television network based in Orlando, Florida, the Star Television Network. KXLT returned on September 29, 1990 again simulcasting KXLI programming as an owned and operated Star station. Both stations were broadcasting 22 hours a day with 10 hours from Star, which consisted of at least four hours of infomercials and eight hours of classic shows under the TV Heaven banner.
Following Star's closure in January 1991, KXLI/KXLT replaced its schedule with religious and infomercial programming, as well as programming from the Home Shopping Network, which continued through their purchase by Lowell "Bud" Paxson in the mid-1990s. Saturday afternoons during this time consisted of local and national hunting programs. Programming originated from the transmitter building during this time in Big Lake.
Once it was decided to bring back the moniker of TV Heaven, money was spent on a new building near the tower. TV Heaven was brought back with programs from the 1950s, '60s, '70s, '80s and some new shows during the '90s. It also had agreements to air programming from an upstart conservative network NET (National Empowerment Television) run by Paul Weyrich. To that end, the stations nicknamed themselves the Political News Network. Late evenings were taken up by many different shopping networks.
In 1998, Paxson broke the KXLI/KXLT simulcast by selling KXLT to Shockley Communications, who converted that station into a full-powered Fox affiliate for the Rochester–Austin–Mason City market; that station would replace two Minneapolis-based stations, WFTC and KMSP-TV, on cable a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Print%20server | In computer networking, a print server, or printer server, is a type of server that connects printers to client computers over a network. It accepts print jobs from the computers and sends the jobs to the appropriate printers, queuing the jobs locally to accommodate the fact that work may arrive more quickly than the printer can actually handle. Ancillary functions include the ability to inspect the queue of jobs to be processed, the ability to reorder or delete waiting print jobs, or the ability to do various kinds of accounting (such as counting pages, which may involve reading data generated by the printer(s)). Print servers may be used to enforce administration policies, such as color printing quotas, user/department authentication, or watermarking printed documents.
Print servers may support a variety of industry-standard or proprietary printing protocols including Internet Printing Protocol, Line Printer Daemon protocol, NetWare, NetBIOS/NetBEUI, or JetDirect.
A print server may be a networked computer with one or more shared printers. Alternatively, a print server may be a dedicated device on the network, with connections to the LAN and one or more printers. Dedicated server appliances tend to be fairly simple in both configuration and features. Print server functionality may be integrated with other devices such as a wireless router, a firewall, or both. A printer may have a built-in print server.
All printers with the right type of connector are compatible with all print servers; manufacturers of servers make available lists of compatible printers because a server may not implement all the communications functionality of a printer (e.g. low ink signal).
See also
Internet Printing Protocol
CUPS
References
Networking hardware
Computer printing
Servers (computing) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty%20Corporation | The Liberty Corporation was a media corporation originally based in Greenville, South Carolina. At its peak, Liberty owned 15 network-affiliated television stations across the Midwest and Southern regions of the United States. Cable advertising sales group CableVantage Inc., video production facility Take Ten Productions and broadcast equipment distributor Broadcast Merchandising Corporation were also some of its assets.
Liberty was founded in 1919 when W. Frank Hipp, a former top agent at Spartanburg-based Southeastern Life Insurance Company, struck out on his own. Within a decade, Liberty had grown large enough to buy his former employer. It entered broadcasting in 1930, when it bought WIS in Columbia—the start of what would become the Broadcasting Company of the South, renamed Cosmos Broadcasting in 1965. Under Francis Hipp, who succeeded his father in 1943, Liberty reorganized as a holding company, The Liberty Corporation, in 1967.
Liberty sold its insurance subsidiaries, Liberty Life and Pierce National Life, to Royal Bank of Canada in 2000. Cosmos was then folded directly into the Liberty banner.
After the sale of its insurance division, the company employed approximately 1,400 people. The executive officers included chairman and CEO W. Hayne Hipp (who, with his family, owned about 25% of the company before its sale to Raycom Media), president and COO James M. Keelor, CFO Howard L. Schrott.
On August 25, 2005, Liberty agreed to be bought out by Raycom Media. Raycom paid $987 million, or $47.35 per Liberty share, and assumed Liberty's debts of approximately $110 million in the buyout. The acquisition was completed on January 31, 2006. After closing the deal, Raycom sold a number of stations, including two from the Liberty portfolio. They included ABC affiliate WWAY-TV in Wilmington, North Carolina to Morris Multimedia and CBS affiliate KGBT-TV in Harlingen, Texas to Barrington Broadcasting. Also included with the merger was a construction permit for a new station in the Myrtle Beach–Florence, South Carolina market that Liberty applied for in 1996 and was granted by the FCC in October 2005, shortly after the merger announcement; Raycom would use the permit to build and sign-on WMBF-TV on August 7, 2008.
Former stations
Stations are arranged in order by state and city of license.
(**) – Indicates station was built and signed-on by Liberty.
Notes
References
Companies based in South Carolina
Companies based in Greenville, South Carolina
Defunct companies based in South Carolina
Defunct broadcasting companies of the United States
Mass media companies disestablished in 2006
2006 mergers and acquisitions
Gray Television
Mass media companies established in 1919
1919 establishments in South Carolina
2006 disestablishments in South Carolina |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Harris%20%28entrepreneur%29 | James M. Harris is an American businessman, who, along with Rod Canion and Bill Murto, founded Compaq Computer Corporation. He resigned from the company in 1991.
References
Living people
Compaq
Texas Instruments people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bastard%20Out%20of%20Carolina%20%28film%29 | Bastard Out of Carolina is a 1996 American drama film made by Showtime Networks, directed by Anjelica Huston. It is based on the 1992 novel by Dorothy Allison and adapted for the screen by Anne Meredith. Jena Malone stars in her debut as a poor, physically abused and sexually molested girl.
In 1997, the theatrical and video releases of the film were banned by Canada's Maritime Film Classification Board. The video was eventually granted release upon appeal.
The film won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Casting for a Miniseries or a Special (Linda Lowy) and was nominated for Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries or a Special (Anjelica Huston), Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or a Special (Glenne Headly), and Outstanding Made for Television Movie (Amanda DiGiulio, Gary Hoffman). It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1996 Cannes Film Festival.
Plot
Ruth Anne "Bone" Boatwright, is a young girl growing up in Greenville, South Carolina in the 1950s. Born out of wedlock to Anney, Bone lives with her mother and their extended family in a poor part of town. Anney loves Bone, but is still very much a child herself, tired out from working and needy for both attention and adoration. Bone and Anney nearly always have to face the shame of the "ILLEGITIMATE" stamp on Bone's birth certificate. When the county courthouse burns down, Anney is happy that a copy of Bone's birth certificate no longer exists.
After her kind, hardworking first husband, Lyle Parsons, the father of Bone's half-sister, is killed in an automobile accident, Anney remarries a man named Glen Waddell, who seems attentive until Anney and Glen's baby dies at birth. Glen first molests Bone while waiting in the car for the birth of his child. Frustrated by the loss of his eagerly-anticipated son, Anney's inability to have more children, and his own inability to manage his temper as well as maintain steady employment, Glen begins to physically and sexually abuse Bone regularly; beating her in the bathroom. Bone wakes her mother in the middle of the night, barely able to walk because of the immense pain she is in. Anney takes her to the hospital, where the doctor berates Anney for beating the child so badly that her coccyx is broken. The only thing Bone says is 'Mama.' Anney takes Bone to the car, leaving the hospital against the doctor's wishes, and slaps Glen's hand away as he tries to comfort the girl. Anney is saddened and angered by her new husband's behavior towards her child and takes Bone to her sister Alma's house to recuperate. However, once Bone is better, Anney returns to Glen after he swears to never touch Bone again. Yet the abuse resumes not long after.
While reading with her mama at the cafe, Anney asks Bone to go and stay with her Aunt Ruth since she is very sick. Ruth asks Bone about Glen and if he has ever hurt her. Bone says no and the two grow close listening to gospel music on the radio. After a visit from Dee Dee, Ruth dies of sickness. At A |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyro | Pyro comes from the Greek word πῦρ (pyr), meaning fire. It may refer to:
Businesses
Pyro Plastics Corporation, a plastic model kit maker 1940s through the 1970s
Pyro Studios, a computer game developer based in Madrid
NRK P3 Pyro, a Norwegian Internet-based music radio station
Entertainment
"Pyro" (song), by Kings of Leon, 2010
"Pyro", a song by T.S.O.L. from their 2001 album Disappear
"Pyro", a song by Hail the Villain from their 2010 album Population: Declining
"Pyro", a song by the Standstills from their 2012 album Pushing Electric
"Pyro", a song by 2:54 from their 2014 album The Other I
"Pyro", a song by Shinedown from their 2018 album Attention Attention
"Pyro", a song by Budjerah from his 2021 self-titled EP
"Pyro (leak 2019)", a song by Denzel Curry and Kenny Beats from their 2020 EP Unlocked
Pyro (Marvel Comics), a Marvel Comics supervillain
Pyro (Team Fortress 2), one of the playable classes in the video game
Pyro... The Thing Without a Face, a 1964 film starring Barry Sullivan and Martha Hyer
A god in the video game Sacrifice
One of the seven elements in the video game Genshin Impact
Other uses
Pyro (horse), an American thoroughbred racehorse
Pyro, Ohio, United States
, two U.S. Navy ammunition ships
Short for pyrotechnics
Slang for a person afflicted with pyromania, the inability to resist the impulse to deliberately start fires
Pyro cable, mineral-insulated copper-clad cable (MICC), a fire-resistant electrical cable
Probabilistic programming language Pyro, extending from PyTorch
See also
Pyros (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War%20Child%20%28charity%29 | War Child International is a network of three independent non-governmental organisations: War Child UK, War Child Holland, and War Child Canada, each legally, operationally, and financially independent but sharing a common brand identity and mission to support children and young people affected by armed conflict and war. They work with parents, caregivers, community members, NGOs, governments, corporations, and other partners worldwide to ensure children have access to protection, education and psychosocial support. War Child has its work rooted in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.
History
War Child was established by film-makers Bill Leeson, David Wilson, and social entrepreneur and peace activist Willemijn Verloop in response to violence and ethnic cleansing they witnessed in war-torn former Yugoslavia in 1993, in the midst of the Bosnian War. The trio were deeply shocked by the children’s experiences of conflict but were inspired by the positive impact music therapy workshops run by Music Therapy professor Nigel Osborne in air raid shelters in Mostar and Sarajevo were having on the children’s well-being. In 1993, the first convoy with equipment and food to run a mobile bakery travelled to former Yugoslavia.
After leaving Bosnia, Leeson and Wilson went on to establish War Child UK in 1994 and Verloop returned to the Netherlands where she organised fundraising events in support of children in conflict zones, setting up Stichting War Child (known as War Child Holland) on 9 October 1995. The organisation grew rapidly and within three years was present in Sudan, Ingushetia, and Pakistan. The organization attributes access to businesses and ambassadors to its growth over the course of a ten-year marketing strategy.
War Child Canada was established several years later in 1999 with an affiliated War Child USA. In 2002, War Child UK established War Child Australia and War Child Ireland in 2003. Most recently, War Child Holland set up War Child Sweden in 2016 and War Child Germany in 2019.
War Child Holland
See also War Child (organisatie)
War Child Holland works on strengthening the resilience and well-being of children living with violence and armed conflict, acting in partnership with children and their communities to deliver interventions. Its specific focus is providing relevant mental health and psychosocial support, protection and education, as well as rapid assistance in emergency situations.
It is made up of three entities: War Child Netherlands, War Child Sweden (established 2016) and War Child Germany (established 2019). Its work is supported by 487 national and international staff as well as volunteers and advocates. The organization works in 16 countries, including:
Middle East: Lebanon, Syria, the Occupied Palestinian territory, Jordan,
Africa: Sudan, South Sudan, Chad, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda
Asia: Bangladesh, Sri Lanka
Latin America: Colombia
Europe: The Netherlands, German |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell%20103%20modem | The Bell 103 modem or Bell 103 dataset was the second commercial modem for Among Us, released by AT&T Corporation in 1963. It allowed digital data to be transmitted over regular unconditioned telephone lines at a speed of 300 bits per second. It followed the introduction of the 110 baud Bell 101 dataset in 1958.
The Bell 103 modem used audio frequency-shift keying to encode data. Different pairs of audio frequencies were used by each station:
The originating station used a mark tone of 1,270 Hz and a space tone of 1,070 Hz.
The answering station used a mark tone of 2,225 Hz and a space tone of 2,025 Hz.
Although original Bell 103 modems are no longer in common use, this encoding scheme is referred to generically as "Bell 103 modulation", and any device employing it as "Bell 103-compatible" or "a Bell 103 modem".
For many years, higher-speed modems retained the ability to emulate the Bell 103, allowing a fallback method for data to be communicated at low speed if channel conditions deteriorated.
Applications
Bell 103 modulation is still in use today, in shortwave radio, amateur radio, and some commercial applications. Its low signalling speed and use of audio frequencies makes it suitable for noisy or unreliable narrowband links.
For example, the CHU shortwave station in Ontario, Canada transmits a Bell 103-compatible digital time code every minute. Bell 103 modulation is also the standard for amateur packet radio in the HF (shortwave) bands.
Related technology
The ITU-T V.21 communications standard defines a very similar modulation scheme. Commercial 300 baud modems typically support both formats.
In popular culture
The American synth-pop band Information Society featured a track entitled "300bps N, 8, 1 (Terminal Mode or Ascii Download)" on their album Peace and Love, Inc. that could be decoded to a text message by holding a phone handset connected to a Bell 103 modem up to the speaker playing the track.
See also
Bell 202 modem
List of device bandwidths
External links
PACE is a message terminal that transmits messages over voice circuits
References
Modems
AT&T
Telecommunications-related introductions in 1962 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code-excited%20linear%20prediction | Code-excited linear prediction (CELP) is a linear predictive speech coding algorithm originally proposed by Manfred R. Schroeder and Bishnu S. Atal in 1985. At the time, it provided significantly better quality than existing low bit-rate algorithms, such as residual-excited linear prediction (RELP) and linear predictive coding (LPC) vocoders (e.g., FS-1015). Along with its variants, such as algebraic CELP, relaxed CELP, low-delay CELP and vector sum excited linear prediction, it is currently the most widely used speech coding algorithm. It is also used in MPEG-4 Audio speech coding. CELP is commonly used as a generic term for a class of algorithms and not for a particular codec.
Background
The CELP algorithm is based on four main ideas:
Using the source-filter model of speech production through linear prediction (LP) (see the textbook "speech coding algorithm");
Using an adaptive and a fixed codebook as the input (excitation) of the LP model;
Performing a search in closed-loop in a "perceptually weighted domain".
Applying vector quantization (VQ)
The original algorithm as simulated in 1983 by Schroeder and Atal required 150 seconds to encode 1 second of speech when run on a Cray-1 supercomputer. Since then, more efficient ways of implementing the codebooks and improvements in computing capabilities have made it possible to run the algorithm in embedded devices, such as mobile phones.
CELP decoder
Before exploring the complex encoding process of CELP we introduce the decoder here. Figure 1 describes a generic CELP decoder. The excitation is produced by summing the contributions from fixed (a.k.a. stochastic or innovation) and adaptive (a.k.a. pitch) codebooks:
where is the fixed (a.k.a. stochastic or innovation) codebook contribution and is the adaptive (pitch) codebook contribution. The fixed codebook is a vector quantization dictionary that is (implicitly or explicitly) hard-coded into the codec. This codebook can be algebraic (ACELP) or be stored explicitly (e.g. Speex). The entries in the adaptive codebook consist of delayed versions of the excitation. This makes it possible to efficiently code periodic signals, such as voiced sounds.
The filter that shapes the excitation has an all-pole model of the form , where is called the prediction filter and is obtained using linear prediction (Levinson–Durbin algorithm). An all-pole filter is used because it is a good representation of the human vocal tract and because it is easy to compute.
CELP encoder
The main principle behind CELP is called analysis-by-synthesis (AbS) and means that the encoding (analysis) is performed by perceptually optimizing the decoded (synthesis) signal in a closed loop. In theory, the best CELP stream would be produced by trying all possible bit combinations and selecting the one that produces the best-sounding decoded signal. This is obviously not possible in practice for two reasons: the required complexity is beyond any currently available hardware and the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On%E2%80%93off%20keying | On–off keying (OOK) denotes the simplest form of amplitude-shift keying (ASK) modulation that represents digital data as the presence or absence of a carrier wave. In its simplest form, the presence of a carrier for a specific duration represents a binary one, while its absence for the same duration represents a binary zero. Some more sophisticated schemes vary these durations to convey additional information. It is analogous to unipolar encoding line code.
On–off keying is most commonly used to transmit Morse code over radio frequencies (referred to as CW (continuous wave) operation), although in principle any digital encoding scheme may be used. OOK has been used in the ISM bands to transfer data between computers, for example.
OOK is more spectrally efficient than frequency-shift keying, but more sensitive to noise when using a regenerative receiver or a poorly implemented superheterodyne receiver.
For a given data rate, the bandwidth of a BPSK (Binary Phase Shift keying) signal and the bandwidth of OOK signal are equal.
In addition to RF carrier waves, OOK is also used in optical communication systems (e.g. IrDA and fiber-optic communication).
In aviation, some possibly unmanned airports have equipment that let pilots key their VHF radio a number of times in order to request an Automatic Terminal Information Service broadcast, or turn on runway lights.
OOK is also used in remote garage and gate keys, often operating at 433.92 MHz, in combination with rolling codes.
References
External links
Quantized radio modulation modes
Fiber-optic communications
Amateur radio |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine%20Igoe | Katherine Igoe is an Irish actress.
Early life and training
A native of Abbeyleix, County Laois, Igoe first studied computer science at University College Dublin. Having decided on a career change, she moved to Edinburgh where she trained in acting at Queen Margaret College, now known as Queen Margaret University. She graduated in 1996.
Career
Igoe has appeared in a number of TV productions, such as I Fought The Law (2003), Down to Earth (2005) with Ricky Tomlinson and Taggart (1997). She also starred as Maire Brennan in TV3's first home-made drama, School Run, which was nominated for the Best Single Drama award in the IFTAs.
She has appeared extensively on stage in the UK in plays such as The Weir (2003), Daisy Pulls It Off (2002) and Babes in the Wood (2001). Igoe has also worked as a voice actor in BBC Radio productions of Resurrection by Leo Tolstoy (2006–07), The All-Colour Vegetarian Cookbook (2005), Hippomania (2004) and Parade's End (2003).
External links
References
Irish stage actresses
Alumni of Queen Margaret University
Living people
Irish radio actresses
Year of birth missing (living people)
Actors from County Laois
People from Abbeyleix
20th-century Irish actresses
21st-century Irish actresses |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keweenaw%20Rocket%20Range | The Keweenaw Rocket Range is an isolated launch pad located in U.S. state of Michigan’s Keweenaw Peninsula. It was used between 1964 and 1971 for launching rockets for meteorological data collection. NASA, along with the University of Michigan, conducted the project under the lead of Harold Allen. The site was one of six similar sites scattered about North America used to collect measurements of electron density, positive ion composition and distribution, energetic electron precipitation, solar X-rays, and Lyman alpha flux.
One of the other well-known sites was Wallops Island, Virginia. The collected data was later to be compared to the five other sites.
Smaller rockets
In the early stages of the project, smaller rockets were launched off a floating buoy between the on-land rocket site and Manitou Island, about off shore. These smaller rockets were commonly known as Mighty Mouse rockets for they were only a few feet tall and had folding fins. There were approximately 50 of these rockets launched from the floating buoy.
Larger rockets
There were two types of larger rockets launched from the site, Arcas at about six feet and the much larger Nike Apache rockets. Both of these rockets were two-stage rockets that could carry a substantial payload. The Nike Apache rockets weighed about , were over tall and reached an altitude of almost .
Project WEBROC
In 1965 the Keweenaw site was utilized for a project called WEBROC. The goal of project WEBROC was to be able to set up a system of buoys, containing rocket launchers, in the ocean to obtain weather information. The small rockets would contain payloads of various instrumentations. The rockets that were used on the buoy were small 2.75-inch folding-fin rockets called “Mighty Mouse.” The rockets were to be housed in an enclosed launcher to help protect it from the elements. This being the case developers needed to know if the rockets could be launched from a closed-breech launcher. This was the testing that was done at the Keweenaw Rocket Launch Site.
Location
The site is accessible to visitors with the time and patience to get there. Little remains other than a memorial marker and a concrete pad with an iron rail in an arc shape attached to it that is inscribed with degree markings. The view of Lake Superior and Manitou Island is spectacular from the site. The coordinates of the site are . To get to the site, interested visitors must drive north on US 41 up to Copper Harbor and proceed about to the end of US 41. From there, visitors can follow a seasonal road about to an ATV trail that leads to the site.
The project was originally proposed by the University of Michigan’s Institute of Science and Technology. The rocket launchings were to be part of the Meteorological Rocket Network and the main goal of the project was to gather inland weather data. Three University of Michigan professors along with two Michigan Technological University professors and two employees from the White |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport%20Driver%20Interface | The Transport Driver Interface or TDI is the protocol understood by the upper edge of the Transport layer of the Microsoft Windows kernel network stack.
Transport Providers are implementations of network protocols such as TCP/IP, NetBIOS, and AppleTalk.
When user-mode binaries are created by compiling and linking, an entity called a TDI client is linked into the binary. TDI clients are provided with the compiler. The user-mode binary uses the user-mode API of whatever network protocol is being used, which in turn causes the TDI client to emit TDI commands into the Transport Provider.
Typical TDI commands are TDI_SEND, TDI_CONNECT, TDI_RECEIVE.
The purpose of the Transport Driver Interface is to provide an abstraction layer, permitting simplification of the TDI clients.
See also
Windows Vista networking technologies
References
Windows XP Driver Development Kit documentation.
Further reading
Network protocols
Windows communication and services |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokia%20DX%20200 | DX 200 is a digital switching platform currently developed by Nokia Networks.
Architecture
DX 200 is a versatile, fault-tolerant, modular and highly scalable telephone exchange and general purpose server platform, designed for high performance, high availability applications. Its hardware is built from loosely coupled redundant computer units, backed by distributed software architecture.
Architecture of DX 200 allows live migration as well as software update during live operation. Unlike in many other switching platforms, DX 200 performs live software update without code patching. Therefore, running code is not polluted by unnecessary jump instructions. Furthermore, as opposed to "integration guessing" of various software patches, DX 200 architecture makes proper integration testing of software components possible.
Live software update requires two computer units. One executing the old code ("working"), the other with new software loaded, otherwise idle ("spare"). During the process called "warming" memory areas (e.g. dynamically allocated memory, with the exception of stack of procedures) are moved from the old to the new computer unit. That implies that handling of data structures must be compatible in the old and the new software versions. Copying data does not require any programming effort, as long as allocation of data is done using TNSDL language.
Developing software for DX 200 platform is rather straightforward for any well educated software developer. TNSDL language, which plays vital role in producing asynchronously communicating fault-tolerant software modules, is easy to learn. Software architecture of DX 200 is a fine combination of highly efficient traditional solutions as well as modern actor model based, highly concurrent design.
DX 200 products are famous for availability exceeding 99.999% "five nines" as well as unrivaled performance.
Applications
DX 200 is a generic architecture. It is suitable for versatile computing applications.
Applications include traditional Mobile Switching Centers (MSC), LTE mobile packet switching gateways as well as VoIP application servers.
Operating Systems
Any generic operating system can be ported to DX 200 relatively easily. Linux, ChorusOS and DMX are the most frequent operating systems used on DX 200.
DMX is the 'native' OS of DX 200. DMX has microkernel architecture. Advanced functions, like TCP/IP stack and live migration components are implemented as separate libraries.
Hardware Flavors
DX 200 has several hardware flavors.
Sub-rack DX 200: Computer units are built up from several cards, packed together as sub-racks. Very similar to old style PC architecture, where mother board did not contain every vital piece, but disk controller, video card, network card etc. were separate extension card based.
Cartridge DX 200: Computer units are standalone cards. Similar to modern PC architecture, where "everything" in integrated to the mother board.
ATCA DX 200: Advanced Telecommunicati |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Computer%20%26%20Robotics%20Museum | The American Computer & Robotics Museum (ACRM), formerly known as the American Computer Museum, is a museum of the history of computing, communications, artificial intelligence and robotics that is located in Bozeman, Montana, United States.
The museum's mission is "... to explore the past and imagine the future of the Information Age through thought-provoking exhibits, innovative storytelling, and the bold exchange of ideas."
History of the museum
The American Computer & Robotics Museum was founded by George and Barbara Keremedjiev as a non-profit organization in May 1990 in Bozeman, Montana. It is likely the oldest extant museum dedicated to the history of computers in the world. The museum's artifacts trace over 4,000 years of computing history and information technology. George Keremedjiev passed away in November 2018, but his wife Barbara, the Museum Board, and the museum's Executive Director continue working toward his goals to "collect, preserve, interpret, and display the artifacts and history of the information age."
Exhibits on display
The museum has several permanent exhibits on display. The Benchmarks of the Information Age provides an overview of information technology from roughly 1860 B.C.E. with the development of ancient writing systems up to 1976 C.E. with the Apple I personal computer. Another significant exhibit is the NASA Apollo program, including NASA artifacts on loan from the National Air and Space Museum, such as an Apollo Guidance Computer and a watch worn on the Moon by Apollo 15 Commander David Scott, as well as the last surviving mainframe from the Apollo 11 mission, a UNIVAC 418-II. Another exhibit includes a comprehensive collection of early personal computers like the Altair 8800, IMSAI 8080, Commodore PET, Sol-20, Apple II, Apple III, Apple Lisa, Apple Mac, KIM-1, and SYM-1. The museum has several more exhibits detailing Enigma codebreaking during World War II, neural computing and artificial intelligence, office and communications technology, robotics and automation with Hollywood artifacts, video games, and the future of computing with an eye toward quantum computing. The museum's current special exhibit is the Vintage Mac Museum, a private collection recently donated to the ACRM by the family of collector Adam Rosen.
Awards
In 1994 the American Computer Museum won the Dibner Award for Excellence in Museum Exhibits from the Society for the History of Technology.
Beginning in 1997, The American Computer Museum has presented the Stibitz-Wilson awards with support from Montana State University. The George R. Stibitz Computer & Communications Innovator Award is named for Dr. George R. Stibitz, who built the first electric binary adding unit in 1937. The Edward O. Wilson Biodiversity Technology Innovator Award is named for Harvard Emeritus Professor Dr. Edward O. Wilson. In 2011, the museum formalized a new category of award called Lifetime Achievement.
Stibitz Award winners
1997 – Arthur Burks, Chuan Ch |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prairie%20Public%20Television | Prairie Public Television is a state network of public television stations operated primarily by Prairie Public Broadcasting. It comprises all of the PBS member stations in the U.S. state of North Dakota.
The state network is available via flagship station KFME in Fargo and eight satellite stations covering all of North Dakota, plus portions of Minnesota, Montana, and South Dakota. It also has substantial viewership in portions of the Canadian provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Ontario. PPT is also available on most satellite and cable television outlets serving North Dakota.
Prairie Public Television is headquartered on 5th Street North in Fargo, with a satellite studio on North 15th Street in Bismarck.
History
In 1959, North Central Educational Television, the predecessor organization to Prairie Public, was incorporated. On January 19, 1964, KFME signed on from Fargo as North Dakota's first educational television station.
The Prairie Public name was adopted in 1974, the same year the first satellite station, KGFE in Grand Forks, signed on, marking the beginning of the statewide network. A year earlier, KFME had almost shut down due to lack of funding. KFME acquired a color video tape recorder in 1967, and color cameras in 1975.
The FCC had allocated educational frequencies to Bismarck, Minot, Williston and Dickinson in the 1960s. While KFME was picked up on cable in Bismarck in the early 1970s, most of the western part of the state was one of the few areas of the country without educational programming. It would be 1977 before the state legislature granted Prairie Public funding to build a statewide public television network. KBME in Bismarck was established in 1979, bringing over-the-air public television to the western portion of the state for the first time. KSRE in Minot followed suit in 1980 and KDSE in 1982. Prairie Public purchased the Fargo American Life Building in 1983 and moved its studios there in 1984. In 1989 KFME and cable feeds went to a 24-hour television broadcast schedule. The Prairie Satellite Network distance education state network, with 70 sites, was completed in 1994. Later, KWSE in Williston signed on in 1983, and KJRE in Ellendale/Jamestown signed on in 1992.
Prairie Public became the first broadcaster in North Dakota to broadcast in high definition, with KFME-DT and KBME-DT debuting in 2002. Digital-only station KCGE-DT Crookston/Grand Forks signed on in 2003, with the rest of the Prairie Public stations broadcasting in HDTV by 2004.
The transmitter for KGFE on the WDAZ-TV tower mast was damaged in May 2004, due to ice buildup on the tower, which caused very large chunks of ice to fall off and go through the roof of the transmitter building. This caused water damage to the transmitter's equipment, as well as damage to the roof of the transmitter site. KGFE went back on the air in February 2005 at low power, then later became a secondary station from the KCGE tower. KMDE-DT of Devils Lake signed on in 2005 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technosoft | was a Japanese video game developer and publisher based headquartered in Sasebo, Nagasaki. Also known as "Tecno Soft", the company was founded in February 1980 as Sasebo Microcomputer Center, before changing its name to Technosoft in 1982. The company primarily dealt with software for Japanese personal computers, including graphic toolsets and image processing software. Technosoft's first venture into the video game market was Snake & Snake, released in 1982, before seeing success with titles such as Thunder Force (1983) and Plasma Line (1984).
Technosoft became largely profitable during the late-1980s and early-1990s, largely in part due to the widespread popularity of their Thunder Force and Herzog franchises. However, later in the decade, Technosoft began to largely diminish as profits began to slump, before ultimately being acquired and folded into Japanese pachinko manufacturer Twenty-One Company in late 2001. Twenty-One began to release products in 2008 under the Technosoft brand, and sold the entirety of its video game library to Sega in 2016. The Technosoft name continues to be in use in the present day as the name for Twenty-One's research and development division, and as a brand name for various products such as soundtrack albums.
History
Some staff members left Technosoft to start the game development companies Arsys Software in 1985 (founded by Kotori Yoshimura, creator of Thunder Force and Plazma Line), CAProduction in 1993, and Ganbarion in 1999.
In 2006, the URL for Technosoft was registered and updated. However, no updates other than "We will restart soon! Please wait for a while." and "THUNDERFORCE is a registered trademark." have been added to the website. In 2008, The Technosoft brand was revived by Twenty-One company. Technosoft licensed merchandising and music of the brand's past titles. The copyright for Technosoft's intellectual properties were not registered under Technosoft nor Twenty-One Company, but to Kazue Matsuoka.
Sega revealed that Thunder Force III will be part of Sega 3D Classics Collection, and on September 17, 2016, at the Tokyo Game Show, Sega announced that they acquired the intellectual property and development rights to all the games developed and published by Technosoft. When questioned about future Technosoft releases, Sega would look into re-releasing Thunder Force IV, Thunder Force V and Herzog Zwei.
In September 2016, there was a total of 21 registrations made by Sega Holdings. These registrations revised the copyright of Technosoft intellectual properties from Kazue Matsuoka to Sega Games Co, Ltd thus completing the acquisition. As of 2016, the digital soundtrack rights for the Thunder Force series will still be handled by Twenty-One Company through the Twenty-One Technosoft division.
Factors that influenced the acquisition included the former Technosoft president stating that they did not want the Technosoft brand to desist, and so handing over the intellectual properties to Sega was the only |
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