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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CyberTrust | CyberTrust was a security services company formed in Virginia in November 2004 from the merger of TruSecure and Betrusted. Betrusted previously acquired GTE Cybertrust. Cybertrust acquired a large stake in Ubizen, a European security services firm based in Belgium, to become one of the largest information security firms in the world. It was acquired by Verizon Business in 2007. In 2015, the CyberTrust root certificates were acquired by DigiCert, Inc., a leading global Certificate Authority (CA) and provider of trusted identity and authentication services.
History
CyberTrust was founded as a subsidiary of GTE Corporation's Government Systems Information Security Directorate. It focused on security services for electronic commerce. These included authentication, privacy, integrity and non-repudiation using Public Key Encryption technology. In 2000, GTE sold CyberTrust to Ireland-based security company Baltimore Technologies for $150 million. In 2003, Baltimore Technologies divested its operating companies, including all digital certificate operations to BeTrusted Holdings, Inc. A year later in September 2004, BeTrusted announced its intention to merge with former competitor TruSecure Corporation and in November the resulting company was incorporated in Virginia as CyberTrust. Verizon Business then acquired Cybertrust in 2007, reuniting it with its former parent (Verizon was created by the merger of GTE and Bell Atlantic). Financial terms were not disclosed. In 2015, the CyberTrust root certificates were acquired by DigiCert, Inc., a leading global Certificate Authority (CA) and provider of trusted identity and authentication services. The financial terms were not disclosed.
Cybertrust used its majority shareholding to dilute the remaining Ubizen shares, forcing it to acquire the remaining shares and delist Ubizen in 2005.
Betrusted was originally created by PWC and sold to One Equity Partners, a division of Bank 1. One Equity Partners also purchased 90 East and SecureNet (who bought the PKI component of Baltimore and the gateway operations of ).
Present
The acquisition of the CyberTrust root certificates makes DigiCert the second-largest Certificate Authority (CA) for high-assurance SSL Certificates. As part of the deal, DigiCert will assume management of the CyberTrust/Verizon trusted roots and intermediate certificates. Verizon will continue to offer SSL Certificates as a reseller of DigiCert.
Pursuant to DigiCert's acquiring Verizon Enterprise SSL business, DigiCert announces its partnership with Cybertrust Japan to expand its market presence in Asia. Under this new partnership, DigiCert and Cybertrust Japan also announce Cyber Secure Asia, a wholly owned subsidiary of Cybertrust Japan, which will market DigiCert's certificate technology to Southeast Asia from a regional headquarters in Singapore.
References
External links
Verizon Enterprise
DigiCert, Inc.
Cybertrust Japan
Cyber Secure Asia
Technology companies established in 2004
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WFLD | WFLD (channel 32) is a television station in Chicago, Illinois, United States, serving as the market's Fox network outlet. It is owned and operated by the network's Fox Television Stations division alongside Gary, Indiana–licensed MyNetworkTV outlet WPWR-TV (channel 50). Both stations share studios on North Michigan Avenue in the Chicago Loop, and transmitter facilities atop the Willis Tower.
History
As an independent station (1966–1986)
Field Communications ownership
The station first signed on the air on January 4, 1966, as an independent station. WFLD was founded by a joint venture of the parties that each competed individually for the license and construction permit to operate on UHF channel 32. Field Enterprises—owned by heirs of the Marshall Field's department store chain, and publishers of the Chicago Sun-Times and the Chicago Daily News—was the station's majority partner (with a 50% interest) and was responsible for managing WFLD's day-to-day operations; they were led by veteran broadcasting executive Sterling C. (Red) Quinlan. The station originally operated from studio facilities located within the Marina City complex on State Street. Channel 32 was christened the "Station of Tomorrow" by an April 1966 Sun-Times article because of its innovative technical developments in broadcasting its signal. It also broadcast news programming from the Sun-Times/Daily News newsroom. From the fall of 1967 to summer of 1970, WFLD aired the final hour of CBS' Saturday daytime schedule from 12:00 to 1:00 p.m., in lieu of the network's owned-and-operated station WBBM-TV (channel 2).
In March 1969, Field entered into an agreement to sell WFLD to New York City-based Metromedia for $10 million. At the time, the Field interests were concerned about running afoul of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)'s recent scrutiny of commonly owned multiple media outlets within the same market. The deal ultimately fell through nearly one year later in February 1970; following the collapse of the Metromedia purchase attempt, Field instead purchased the 50% share of WFLD that was held by its minority partners.
WFLD was noteworthy for being the longtime home of the local B-movie program Svengoolie. There were two versions of the showcase: the original incarnation of the series began on the station on September 18, 1970, under the title Screaming Yellow Theatre, with local disc jockey Jerry G. Bishop doing scary voices and later wearing a long green wig while portraying the character. Bishop became such a hit with viewers that the show was popularly called "Svengoolie" after his character (although the title of the program did not change), and this version lasted until late in the summer of 1973. The second version premiered on June 16, 1979, with Rich Koz as "Son of Svengoolie", and ran on channel 32 until January 25, 1986. The show was revived on WCIU-TV (channel 26) when it became an English-language independent station in December 1994, and has aired there lo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20ethics | Computer ethics is a part of practical philosophy concerned with how computing professionals should make decisions regarding professional and social conduct.
Margaret Anne Pierce, a professor in the Department of Mathematics and Computers at Georgia Southern University has categorized the ethical decisions related to computer technology and usage into three primary influences:
The individual's own personal [ethical] code.
Any informal code of ethical conduct that exists in the work place.
Exposure to formal codes of ethics.
Foundation
Computer ethics was first coined by Walter Maner, a professor at Bowling Green State University. Maner noticed ethical concerns that were brought up during his Medical Ethics course at Old Dominion University became more complex and difficult when the use of technology and computers became involved. The conceptual foundations of computer ethics are investigated by information ethics, a branch of philosophical ethics promoted, among others, by Luciano Floridi.
History
The concept of computer ethics originated in the 1940s with MIT professor Norbert Wiener, the American mathematician and philosopher. While working on anti-aircraft artillery during World War II, Wiener and his fellow engineers developed a system of communication between the part of a cannon that tracked a warplane, the part that performed calculations to estimate a trajectory, and the part responsible for firing. Wiener termed the science of such information feedback systems, "cybernetics," and he discussed this new field with its related ethical concerns in his 1948 book, Cybernetics. In 1950, Wiener's second book, The Human Use of Human Beings, delved deeper into the ethical issues surrounding information technology and laid out the basic foundations of computer ethics.
A bit later during the same year, the world's first computer crime was committed. A programmer was able to use a bit of computer code to stop his banking account from being flagged as overdrawn. However, there were no laws in place at that time to stop him, and as a result he was not charged. To make sure another person did not follow suit, an ethics code for computers was needed.
In 1973, the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) adopted its first code of ethics. SRI International's Donn Parker, an author on computer crimes, led the committee that developed the code.
In 1976, medical teacher and researcher Walter Maner noticed that ethical decisions are much harder to make when computers are added. He noticed a need for a different branch of ethics for when it came to dealing with computers. The term "computer ethics" was thus invented.
In 1976 Joseph Weizenbaum made his second significant addition to the field of computer ethics. He published a book titled Computer Power and Human Reason, which talked about how artificial intelligence is good for the world; however it should never be allowed to make the most important decisions as it does not have human qualities such a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20P.%20Morgan | Edward Paddock Morgan (June 23, 1910 – January 27, 1993) was an American journalist and writer who reported for newspapers, radio, and television media services including ABC, CBS networks, and the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS).
A native of Walla Walla, Washington, Morgan began his news career with The Seattle Star in 1932. He worked in print journalism for two decades, for United Press International, The Chicago Daily News, and Collier's Weekly before joining CBS as a radio and TV reporter.
From 1955 to 1967, Morgan broadcast an evening radio program of news and commentary, "Edward P. Morgan and the News," which won him the George Foster Peabody Award in 1956.
In 1956, Morgan was based in New York City and working for the ABC Radio Network. He broadcast a professional news report of the collision of the ocean liners SS Andrea Doria and MS Stockholm off the Massachusetts coast, not telling listeners that his 14-year-old daughter had been aboard the Andrea Doria and was believed to have been killed.
His daughter, Linda Morgan, was discovered alive the next day, having been catapulted to a deck of the Stockholm when its bow knifed into her cabin. Dubbed by media the "miracle girl", she had received only a broken arm. Morgan then made another broadcast emotionally describing the difference between reporting the news about strangers and how different it was with his own loved ones involved.
In 1960 Morgan received the Alfred I. duPont Award.
Morgan moved to ABC News in the early 1960s where, with Howard K. Smith, he anchored portions of ABC's coverage of the assassination of President John F. Kennedy and the 1964 political conventions. He retired as an ABC commentator and Newsday Syndicate columnist in 1975. Edward P. Morgan died January 27, 1993, at his home in McLean, Fairfax County, Virginia.
His first marriage in 1937 was to Jane Stolle. Their daughter Linda was born in 1942. In 1945, the marriage dissolved. He married his second wife Katherine Sage Sohier (née Burden) on July 18, 1960. Sohier had two daughters from her first marriage to Walter Denegre Sohier.
References
1910 births
1993 deaths
American male journalists
20th-century American journalists
American broadcast news analysts
Peabody Award winners
People from Walla Walla, Washington
ABC News personalities |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danielle%20Borgman | Danielle Lynn Borgman (born April 25, 1980) is an American former professional soccer defender. She played professionally for the San Jose CyberRays. She also played for the United States women's national soccer team in the summer of 2000 as a member of the under-21 team and received a gold medal. She was ranked as one of the nation's fasted players.
Career
She previously played at the college level for the University of North Carolina Tar Heels. She started 52 games for them and was a first team All-American choice as a sophomore.
In her club soccer years, she played for the Hammer Football Club in Cincinnati, Ohio and played as a forward and midfielder. She became captain in 1996. In the same year she was named to the United States under-16 national team during her first year playing in the Olympic Development Program. In 1997, she was named to the All-Star Team at the U.S. Soccer Festival in Minnesota and was also a member for the u-17 National Team.
References
External links
Borgman Profile
Tar Heels bio of Borgman
http://www.soccertimes.com/usteams/roster/women/borgman.htm
1980 births
Living people
North Carolina Tar Heels women's soccer players
American women's soccer players
Parade High School All-Americans (girls' soccer)
Soccer players from Cincinnati
Women's United Soccer Association players
Carolina Courage players
San Jose CyberRays players
United States women's international soccer players
Women's association football defenders |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio%20AAHS | Radio AAHS was a radio network managed by the Children's Broadcasting Corporation.
Its flagship station was WWTC (1280 AM) in Minneapolis, which broadcast from the former First Federal Bank building at Minnesota State Highway 100 and Excelsior Boulevard in St. Louis Park. At its height in 1996, Radio AAHS had 29 affiliates across the nation. Founder Christopher Dahl had purchased WWTC in 1990 and created an outlet for children's music, specifically targeted at listeners 5 to 10. The musical format had songs from children's films, but also created a niche for songs recorded specifically to entertain children. The programming was driven, in large part, by listener requests, and many of the choices were little known outside that audience.
History
Children's Broadcasting Corp. was founded by Christopher Dahl in 1990 with the idea for a children's radio network, Radio AAHS. That year a company of Dahl's purchased WWTC 1280 AM in Minneapolis. Dahl ran the Radio AAHS format on that station as a test run for two years. With Arbitron not tracking kids under 12, Dahl had commissioned such a survey from Arbitron to determine its weekly listeners in 1993, which the survey indicated 90,000.
With the survey in hand, Dahl took Children's Broadcasting Corp. public. Radio AAHS then went national focusing on the country's top 100 markets. In late 1994, the company was attempting to raise $20 million partly to purchase stations in New York and Chicago. Children's Broadcasting Corp. and a music division of Time Warner Inc. launched in February 1995 a monthly magazine with a companion CD.
In 1996 Radio AAHS signed a deal with Disney to further develop the children's radio idea. Disney was to sell ads and help grow Radio AAHS through its recently purchased ABC Radio in addition to helping develop Radio AAHS. "These guys started out right from the beginning to deceive us," stated Dahl later. For proof, Dahl cited Disney Director of Strategic Planning & Development Lynn Kesterson-Townes saying "she informed Children's that her job at Disney for the next six months was to learn all she could regarding Children's operations."
In the nine months of the deal, CBC claimed, Disney sold only $23,000 in ads and recruited no new affiliates. In a later lawsuit, CBC's lawyers detailed a deposition from eventual Radio Disney manager Scott McCarthy, who said in the document that he instructed his staff to meet only certain contractual minimums.
The deal with Disney finally fell apart in a meeting on June 21, 1996, when then-ABC President David Kantor told CBC that Disney would not exercise its warrants and that it was close to starting its own kids' network. On July 30, Disney formally canceled the contract and announced it was starting its own kids network. Following that announcement Disney quickly informed Radio AAHS that it was no longer allowed to broadcast from Disney theme parks.
Disney's launch of its own, CHR-oriented children's network, Radio Disney, spelled the de |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norton%20%28grape%29 | Norton is grown in the Midwestern United States, the Mid-Atlantic States, and northeastern Georgia. DNA data are consistent with 'Norton' being a hybrid with ancestry including V. aestivalis and V. vinifera.
Norton was first cultivated in Richmond, Virginia, and is the official grape of the State of Missouri, and is considered the cornerstone of the Missouri wine industry. Daniel Norton first purveyed the Norton cultivar during the early 19th century from his vineyards in Virginia, USA.
History
The Norton cultivar was introduced by Daniel Norborne Norton of Richmond, Virginia, who selected it from among what he believed were seedlings of a long forgotten grape variety called Bland, though there is some doubt as to whether it was the actual source of the seed which yielded Norton. The male parent, presumably, was a wild vine of Vitis aestivalis. Another cultivar, called Cynthiana, closely resembles Norton, but has traditionally been considered a separate variety. Genetic studies, however, have shown the two to be indistinguishable.
This grape became available commercially in 1830 and very soon after that came to dominate wine production in the eastern and midwestern states like Missouri and Ohio in the United States. Since this grape lacks the distinct, "foxy" flavors that are typical of Native American Vitis labrusca grapes, it is quite suitable for making dry wine. Vineyards were pulled up and Concord grapes were planted in their place, for juice and jam. After prohibition, the wine industry in the eastern half of North America never recovered to the same degree that California's wine industry did.
In the 21st century, United States wineries along the east coast and throughout the midwest are re-cultivating and producing wines from Norton grapes, such as at Chrysalis Vineyards in Middleburg, Virginia, which has of Norton grapes.
Anthocyanin content
Notable for deep blue-purple pigmentation, the skin of Norton grapes has a higher content of total anthocyanins (888 mg per 100 g) than other purple grape cultivars, Concord or Marechal Foch grapes.
Anthocyanins are the largest group of water-soluble pigments in the plant kingdom and belong to the family of compounds known as polyphenols. Major sources of anthocyanins are blueberries, cherries, raspberries, strawberries, blackcurrants, purple grapes, and red wine. Anthocyanins are under basic research to understand if they have any biological role in humans.
See also
Missouri wine
Virginia wine
References
External links
Norton, America's True Grape
Red wine grape varieties
Hybrid grape varieties
Missouri wine
Virginia wine
Economy of Richmond, Virginia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEPTA%20Regional%20Rail | The SEPTA Regional Rail system is a commuter rail network owned by SEPTA and serving the Philadelphia metropolitan area. The system has 13 branches and more than 150 active stations in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, its suburbs and satellite towns and cities. It is the sixth-busiest commuter railroad in the United States, and the busiest outside of the New York, Chicago, and Boston metropolitan areas. In 2016, the Regional Rail system had an average of 132,000 daily riders and 118,800 daily riders as of 2019.
The core of the Regional Rail system is the Center City Commuter Connection, a tunnel linking three Center City stations: the above-ground upper level of 30th Street Station, the underground Suburban Station, and Jefferson Station. All trains stop at these Center City stations; most also stop at Temple University station on the campus of Temple University in North Philadelphia. Operations are handled by the SEPTA Railroad Division.
Of the 13 branches, six were originally owned and operated by the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) (later Penn Central), six by the Reading Company, while one was constructed under SEPTA in 1985. The PRR lines terminated at Suburban Station; the Reading lines at Reading Terminal. The Center City Commuter Connection opened in November 1984 to unite the two systems, turning the two terminal stations into through-stations. Reading Terminal was replaced by the newly built underground Market East Station (now Jefferson Station). Most inbound trains from one line continue on as outbound trains on another line. Some limited or express trains, and all trains on the Cynwyd Line, terminate on one of the stub-end tracks at Suburban Station. Service on most lines operates from 5:30 a.m. to midnight.
Lines
Each former PRR line, as well as the Airport Line, was once paired with a former Reading line and numbered from R1 to R8 (except for R4), so that one route number described two lines, one on the PRR side and one on the Reading side. This was ultimately deemed more confusing than helpful, so on July 25, 2010, SEPTA dropped the R-number and color-coded route designators and changed dispatching patterns so fewer trains follow both sides of the same route.
Former Pennsylvania Railroad lines
Airport Line: terminates at the Philadelphia International Airport. This line is geographically on the PRR side of the system, however service did not begin on the line until 1985.
Chestnut Hill West Line: terminates in the Chestnut Hill section of Philadelphia.
Cynwyd Line: terminates in Cynwyd and operates weekdays only. Until 1986, trains continued on to Ivy Ridge station in northwestern Philadelphia.
Media/Wawa Line: terminates at Wawa. Until 1986, trains continued on to West Chester. SEPTA restored service to Wawa, approximately three miles (5 km) west of the previous terminus at Elwyn, on August 21, 2022.
Paoli/Thorndale Line: trains terminate at Malvern or Thorndale; additional rush hour trains terminate at Bryn Mawr or Paoli. From |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microarchitecture | In electronics, computer science and computer engineering, microarchitecture, also called computer organization and sometimes abbreviated as µarch or uarch, is the way a given instruction set architecture (ISA) is implemented in a particular processor. A given ISA may be implemented with different microarchitectures; implementations may vary due to different goals of a given design or due to shifts in technology.
Computer architecture is the combination of microarchitecture and instruction set architecture.
Relation to instruction set architecture
The ISA is roughly the same as the programming model of a processor as seen by an assembly language programmer or compiler writer. The ISA includes the instructions, execution model, processor registers, address and data formats among other things. The microarchitecture includes the constituent parts of the processor and how these interconnect and interoperate to implement the ISA.
The microarchitecture of a machine is usually represented as (more or less detailed) diagrams that describe the interconnections of the various microarchitectural elements of the machine, which may be anything from single gates and registers, to complete arithmetic logic units (ALUs) and even larger elements. These diagrams generally separate the datapath (where data is placed) and the control path (which can be said to steer the data).
The person designing a system usually draws the specific microarchitecture as a kind of data flow diagram. Like a block diagram, the microarchitecture diagram shows microarchitectural elements such as the arithmetic and logic unit and the register file as a single schematic symbol. Typically, the diagram connects those elements with arrows, thick lines and thin lines to distinguish between three-state buses (which require a three-state buffer for each device that drives the bus), unidirectional buses (always driven by a single source, such as the way the address bus on simpler computers is always driven by the memory address register), and individual control lines. Very simple computers have a single data bus organization they have a single three-state bus. The diagram of more complex computers usually shows multiple three-state buses, which help the machine do more operations simultaneously.
Each microarchitectural element is in turn represented by a schematic describing the interconnections of logic gates used to implement it. Each logic gate is in turn represented by a circuit diagram describing the connections of the transistors used to implement it in some particular logic family. Machines with different microarchitectures may have the same instruction set architecture, and thus be capable of executing the same programs. New microarchitectures and/or circuitry solutions, along with advances in semiconductor manufacturing, are what allows newer generations of processors to achieve higher performance while using the same ISA.
In principle, a single microarchitecture could execute se |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scan%20line | A scan line (also scanline) is one line, or row, in a raster scanning pattern, such as a line of video on a cathode ray tube (CRT) display of a television set or computer monitor.
On CRT screens the horizontal scan lines are visually discernible, even when viewed from a distance, as alternating colored lines and black lines, especially when a progressive scan signal with below maximum vertical resolution is displayed. This is sometimes used today as a visual effect in computer graphics.
The term is used, by analogy, for a single row of pixels in a raster graphics image.
Scan lines are important in representations of image data, because many image file formats have special rules for data at the end of a scan line. For example, there may be a rule that each scan line starts on a particular boundary (such as a byte or word; see for example BMP file format). This means that even otherwise compatible raster data may need to be analyzed at the level of scan lines in order to convert between formats.
See also
Interlaced video
Scanline rendering
Flicker (screen)
Stroboscopic effect
References
Computer graphics
Image processing
Display technology
Video signal
Television technology
Television terminology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WLOL%20%28AM%29 | WLOL (1330 AM) is a radio station in the Twin Cities region of Minnesota. It broadcasts a Catholic Radio format and is part of the Relevant Radio network. WLOL's transmitter is located along the Minnesota River in Savage.
History
WLOL, named for the "Land Of Lakes", is one of the area's most legendary set of call letters. WLOL's history is intertwined with many other local frequencies over the years. The first incarnation of WLOL signed on at 1300 AM on June 16, 1940 and was a part of the Mutual Broadcasting System, a national radio network in the United States. Studios were at 1730 Hennepin Avenue, at Oak Grove Street across from Loring Park, approximately in the current-day airspace over the westbound lanes of I-94 exiting the Lowry Hill Tunnel. The transmitter was in St. Paul's Midway district. WLOL moved to 1330 AM on March 29, 1941 as required by the North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement (NARBA) under which most American, Canadian and Mexican AM radio stations changed frequencies. An FM broadcast began in 1956 when the owners of WLOL purchased WMIN-FM, which had been broadcasting at 99.5 MHz since 1945.
The AM station aired a variety of formats over the years, including Top 40 in the 1950s, country music, and a brief return to Top 40 in 1979 as WRRD, "13 Rock", which prided itself as an anti-disco station. Studio locations after the original Hennepin Avenue address include three downtown Minneapolis locations at 1021 LaSalle Avenue, the Northwestern National Bank Building at S. 6th Street & Marquette Avenue, 801 Nicollet Avenue/76 S. 8th Street (same building, alternate addresses), plus 1370 Davern Street in St. Paul (co-located with the station's three antennae), MPR's facilities in downtown St. Paul and later again in downtown Minneapolis at 331 S. 11th Street.
WLOL carried University of Minnesota sports for many years. Ray Christensen announced Gopher football until the mid-1960s, when he moved to WCCO and continued as the Gophers' announcer. Frank Buetel announced Gopher football, hockey and basketball games in the 1970s. From 1972 to 1976, WLOL aired games of the Minnesota Fighting Saints of the World Hockey Association, with Buetel announcing.
Minneapolis native James Aurness worked at WLOL as a part-time announcer in 1945 for less than a year. He moved to Los Angeles in 1946 and later gained fame as a film and TV actor under the name James Arness, best known as Marshal Matt Dillon in TV's Gunsmoke. Steve Cannon, while best known for his 26 years at WCCO, first worked at WLOL in the mid-late 1950s. Leigh Kamman, noted jazz historian and broadcaster, was at WLOL for two stints; first in the mid-late 1940s and again in the mid-late 1950s.
WLOL almost expanded into TV. In 1954, it applied, as did competitors WDGY and KEYD, for channel 9 in the Twin Cities. However, WLOL and WDGY withdrew their applications at the last minute. The new station was awarded to KEYD and went on-air in January 1955. It is known today as Fox O&O KM |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Pollutants%20Elimination%20Network | The International Pollutants Elimination Network (IPEN) (formerly International POPs Elimination Network) is a global network of NGOs dedicated to the common aim of eliminating pollutants, such as lead in paint, mercury and lead in the environment, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), endocrine disrupting chemicals, and other toxics.
IPEN is composed of public interest non-governmental organizations who support a common platform for the global elimination of POPs via the Stockholm Convention, work to influence the implementation of the Rotterdam and Basel conventions, as well as the Minamata Convention on Mercury.
IPEN's more than 550 public interest non-governmental organizations in over 120 countries work together for the elimination of toxic pollutants, on an expedited yet socially equitable basis. This mission includes achieving a world in which all chemicals are produced and used in ways that eliminate significant adverse effects on human health and the environment, and where POPs and chemicals of equivalent concern no longer pollute local and global environments.
See also
Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL)
POP Air Pollution Protocol
Stockholm Convention
Basel Convention
Rotterdam Convention
Notes
External links
IPEN Official Website
International environmental organizations
Biodegradable waste management |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majorem | Majorem is a games' studio creating online computer games and technology in the field of Massively Multiplayer Real-Time Strategy (MMORTS).
MMORTS combines real-time strategy (RTS) with a large number of simultaneous players over the Internet. It is a type of massively multiplayer online game.
Majorem was established in 2001 in Israel aiming to supply its MMORTS technology to other game studios. However, in the same year they turned into producing a game named Ballerium to demonstrate that technology.
Majorem's Game Ballerium was in development for several years, suspended in October 2004, but reported to be back in development in December 2004, after signing a publishing deal with Interplay Entertainment. Interplay Entertainment eventually cut funding to the studios, the production once again coming to an end, though the community found enough money to finance Majorem; eventually the production continued.
See also
MMORTS (Massively multiplayer online real-time strategy)
External links
Majorem
Ballerium
Video game companies established in 2001
Video game development companies |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigabyte%20Technology | Gigabyte Technology (branded as GIGABYTE or sometimes GIGA-BYTE; formally GIGA-BYTE Technology Co., Ltd.) is a Taiwanese manufacturer and distributor of computer hardware.
Gigabyte's principal business is motherboards. It shipped 4.8 million motherboards in the first quarter of 2015, which allowed it to become the leading motherboard vendor. Gigabyte also manufactures custom graphics cards and laptop computers (including thin and light laptops under its Aero sub-brand). In 2010, Gigabyte was ranked 17th in "Taiwan's Top 20 Global Brands" by the Taiwan External Trade Development Council.
The company is publicly held and traded on the Taiwan Stock Exchange, stock ID number .
History
Gigabyte Technology was established in 1986 by Pei-Cheng Yeh.
One of Gigabyte's key advertised features on its motherboards is its "Ultra Durable" construction, advertised with "all solid capacitors". On 8 August 2006 Gigabyte announced a joint venture with Asus. Gigabyte developed the world's first software-controlled power supply in July 2007.
An innovative method to charge the iPad and iPhone on the computer was introduced by Gigabyte in April 2010. Gigabyte launched the world's first Z68 motherboard on 31 May 2011, with an on-board mSATA connection for Intel SSD and Smart Response Technology. On 2 April 2012, Gigabyte released the world's first motherboard with 60A ICs from International Rectifier.
In 2023, researchers at firmware-focused cybersecurity company Eclypsium said 271 models of Gigabyte motherboards are affected by backdoor vulnerabilities. Whenever a computer with the affected Gigabyte motherboard restarts, code within the motherboard's firmware initiates an updater program that downloads and executes another piece of software. Gigabyte has said it plans to fix the issues.
Products
Gigabyte designs and manufactures motherboards for both AMD and Intel platforms, and also produces graphics cards and notebooks in partnership with AMD and Nvidia, including Nvidia's Turing chipsets and AMD's Vega and Polaris chipsets. Gigabyte's components are used by Alienware, Falcon Northwest, CybertronPC, Origin PC, and exclusively in Technology Direct desktops.
Other products of Gigabyte have included desktop computers, tablet computers, ultrabooks, mobile phones, personal digital assistants, server motherboards, server racks, networking equipment, optical drives, computer monitors, mice, keyboards, cooling components, power supplies, and cases.
Subsidiaries
Aorus is a registered sub-brand trademark of Gigabyte belonging to Aorus Pte. Ltd., which is a company registered in Singapore. Aorus specializes in gaming related products such as motherboards, graphics cards, notebooks, mice, keyboards, SSDs, headsets, cases, power supply and CPU coolers.
See also
List of companies of Taiwan
References
External links
Gigabyte worldwide distribution partners and retailers
Official Gigabyte forum
Gigabyte - Better Business Bureau page
Companies listed on the Ta |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataloging%20in%20Publication | In publishing and library science, Cataloging in Publication (CIP, or Cataloguing in Publication) data are basic cataloging data for a work, prepared before publication by the national library of the country where the work is principally published or by the library of a publishing organisation, such as a government department. The name reflects the usual practice of including that information in the corresponding publication—in the case of books, on the copyright page, where it can be useful for cataloguers when they are adding such items to their collections. The national libraries' CIP staffs restrict the range of publications that CIP will be prepared for, for instance requiring access to assistance from the publisher's staff.
A frequent problem with CIP occurs when publishers change bibliographic details, such as the wording of a title, after receiving the CIP data. The CIP data as published in the item will be incorrect and useless to subsequent cataloguing agencies without manual amendment; if a pre-publication record has been entered onto a database, it can be difficult to locate and edit to match the details on the item itself.
Each national library maintains a database of the entries it writes. (Not all nations have a national library or anything comparable.)
In the United States, the Cataloging in Publication Program (CIP) was established by the Library of Congress in 1971, and has since developed in various ways.
References
External links
Cataloging in Publication Program of the LOC
The Cataloguing-in-Publication Programme of the British Library
Cataloguing in Publication Program of the Library and Archives Canada
Cataloguing books for Publishers in India by DK Agencies
Library cataloging and classification |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Face | An X-Face is a small bitmap (48 × 48 pixels, black and white) image which is added to a Usenet posting or e-mail message, typically showing a picture of the author's face. The image data is included in the posting as encoded text, and attached with an 'X-Face' header. It was devised by James Ashton.
It is one of the outgrowths of the Vismon program developed at Bell Labs in the 1980s. While many programs support X-Face, most of them are free software and based on Unix or its variations, such as KMail or Sylpheed. The most common email programs though, as used in business and most domestic environments, do not handle X-Face natively, and the information is silently ignored. Even where Unix is widely used (university and research environments), it has never been adopted to maximum potential (for example, by searching for senders by X-Face).
A further development is the Face header developed in 2005, which also allows for color images in PNG format, and can be used by the Thunderbird addon Display Contact Photo, as well as some other mail readers.
Another approach to include the sender's picture in an e-mail was used by Apple: Mail displayed the picture if the mail included the X-Image-URL header. In 1992, this feature was originally implemented in NeXTmail, Mail.app's ancestor. X-Image-URL accepts http or (anonymous) ftp to download the picture; typical size 64x64 pixels. As of Mail v4.5, the feature is no longer supported.
See also
iChat has a similar though not compatible feature called picture icons
XBM is a general monochrome image format supported by xbm2xface.pl
FFmpeg and Netpbm tools can create X-Face images
Vismon
References
External links
- utilities and a library for converting to and from the X-Face format
Email
Usenet |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAS%20latency | Column address strobe latency, also called CAS latency or CL, is the delay in clock cycles between the READ command and the moment data is available. In asynchronous DRAM, the interval is specified in nanoseconds (absolute time). In synchronous DRAM, the interval is specified in clock cycles. Because the latency is dependent upon a number of clock ticks instead of absolute time, the actual time for an SDRAM module to respond to a CAS event might vary between uses of the same module if the clock rate differs.
RAM operation background
Dynamic RAM is arranged in a rectangular array. Each row is selected by a horizontal word line. Sending a logical high signal along a given row enables the MOSFETs present in that row, connecting each storage capacitor to its corresponding vertical bit line. Each bit line is connected to a sense amplifier that amplifies the small voltage change produced by the storage capacitor. This amplified signal is then output from the DRAM chip as well as driven back up the bit line to refresh the row.
When no word line is active, the array is idle and the bit lines are held in a precharged state, with a voltage halfway between high and low. This indeterminate signal is deflected towards high or low by the storage capacitor when a row is made active.
To access memory, a row must first be selected and loaded into the sense amplifiers. This row is then active, and columns may be accessed for read or write.
The CAS latency is the delay between the time at which the column address and the column address strobe signal are presented to the memory module and the time at which the corresponding data is made available by the memory module. The desired row must already be active; if it is not, additional time is required.
As an example, a typical 1 GiB SDRAM memory module might contain eight separate one-gibibit DRAM chips, each offering 128 MiB of storage space. Each chip is divided internally into eight banks of 227=128 Mibits, each of which composes a separate DRAM array. Each bank contains 214=16384 rows of 213=8192 bits each. One byte of memory (from each chip; 64 bits total from the whole DIMM) is accessed by supplying a 3-bit bank number, a 14-bit row address, and a 13-bit column address.
Effect on memory access speed
With asynchronous DRAM, memory was accessed by a memory controller on the memory bus based on a set timing rather than a clock, and was separate from the system bus. Synchronous DRAM, however, has a CAS latency that is dependent upon the clock rate. Accordingly, the CAS latency of an SDRAM memory module is specified in clock ticks instead of absolute time.
Because memory modules have multiple internal banks, and data can be output from one during access latency for another, the output pins can be kept 100% busy regardless of the CAS latency through pipelining; the maximum attainable bandwidth is determined solely by the clock speed. Unfortunately, this maximum bandwidth can only be attained if the ad |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unreachable%20code | In computer programming, unreachable code is part of the source code of a program which can never be executed because there exists no control flow path to the code from the rest of the program.
Unreachable code is sometimes also called dead code, although dead code may also refer to code that is executed but has no effect on the output of a program.
Unreachable code is generally considered undesirable for several reasons:
It uses memory unnecessarily
It can cause unnecessary use of the CPU's instruction cache
This can also decrease data locality
Time and effort may be spent testing, maintaining and documenting code which is never used
Sometimes an automated test is the only thing using the code.
However, unreachable code can have some legitimate uses, like providing a library of functions for calling or jumping to manually via a debugger while the program is halted after a breakpoint. This is particularly useful for examining and pretty-printing the internal state of the program. It may make sense to have such code in the shipped product, so that a developer can attach a debugger to a client's running instance.
Causes
Unreachable code can exist for many reasons, such as:
programming errors in complex conditional branches
a consequence of the internal transformations performed by an optimizing compiler;
incomplete testing of new or modified code
Legacy code
Code superseded by another implementation
Unreachable code that a programmer decided not to delete because it is mingled with reachable code
Potentially reachable code that current use cases never need
Dormant code that is kept intentionally in case it is needed later
Code used only for debugging.
Legacy code is that which was once useful but is no longer used or required. But unreachable code may also be part of a complex library, module or routine where it is useful to others or under conditions which are not met in a particular scenario.
An example of such a conditionally unreachable code may be the implementation of a general string formatting function in a compiler's runtime library, which contains complex code to process all possible arguments, of which only a small subset is actually used. Compilers will typically not be able to remove the unused code sections at compile time, as the behavior is largely determined by the values of arguments at run time.
Examples
In this fragment of C code:
int foo (int X, int Y)
{
return X + Y;
int Z = X * Y;
}
the definition is never reached as the function always returns before it. Therefore, the need be neither allocated storage nor initialized.
goto fail bug
Apple's SSL/TLS from February 2014 contained a major security flaw known formally as and informally as the "goto fail bug".
The relevant code fragment
is:
static OSStatus
SSLVerifySignedServerKeyExchange(SSLContext *ctx, bool isRsa, SSLBuffer signedParams,
uint8_t *signature, UInt16 signatureLen)
{
OSStatus err;
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dancing%20pigs | In computer security, "dancing pigs" is a term or problem that explains computer users' attitudes towards computer security. It states that users will continue to pick an amusing graphic even if they receive a warning from security software that it is potentially dangerous. In other words, users choose their primary desire features without considering the security. "Dancing pigs" is generally used by tech experts and can be found in IT articles.
Origins
The term originates from a remark made by Edward Felten, an associate professor at Princeton University:
Bruce Schneier states:
Bruce Schneier expands on this remark as follows:
The Mozilla Security Reviewers' Guide states:
A widely publicized 2009 paper directly addresses the dancing pigs quotation and argues that users' behavior is plausibly rational:
Experimental support
One study of phishing found that people really do prefer dancing animals to security. The study showed participants a number of phishing sites, including one that copied the Bank of the West home page:
Schneier believes the dancing pigs problem will lead to crime, a key threat. He said: "The tactics might change ... as security measures make some tactics harder and others easier, but the underlying issue is constant." Ignoring computer security can inflict various types of damage resulting in significant losses.
See also
Cute cat theory of digital activism
Trojan horse (computing)
References
External links
Beware of the dancing bunnies Larry Osterman's WebLog
Strider HoneyMonkey Project
Computer security
Usability |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RIF | RIF or Rif may refer to:
Arts and entertainment
Renju International Federation, Renju is the professional variant of the board game Gomoku
R.I.F., a 2011 film
Computing
Requirements Interchange Format, XML file format that can be used to exchange requirements
Routing information field, a source route-related field in the token ring network frame header
Rule Interchange Format, a W3C recommendation-track effort
Russian Internet Forum
Military
Reconnaissance in force, a type of military operation used specifically to probe an enemy's disposition
The Royal Irish Fusiliers (Princess Victoria's), an infantry regiment of the British Army, raised in 1881
Realistic Imitation Firearm, a replica that realistically portrays a firearm; see Legal issues in airsoft
R-39 Rif, Soviet and Russian submarine-launched ballistic missile
People
Isaac Alfasi (1013–1103), Rabbi Isaac ben Jacob Alfasi (1013—1103), was a Talmudist and posek
Riff languages, a grouping of languages spoken in the Rif area
Riffian people, inhabitants of the Rif Region
Places
Rif (sandbank), in the Netherlands
Rif, a mountain chain and a region in Morocco
The Republic of the Rif, a short-lived republic in the region which fought against Spanish rule.
Rif, Iceland, in the municipality of Snæfellsbær
Rif Airport
Science
Retrieval-induced forgetting, a phenomenon in memory
Rif (GTPase), small signalling G protein
Rifampicin, the antibiotic
Right iliac fossa, part of the surface of the human abdomen
The initials on bars of soap purported to have been made of human fat in World War II
Other uses
Reading Is Fundamental, an organization promoting children's literacy
Reduction in Force, a large-scale ending of employment
Riff, a brief relaxed musical phrase repeated over changing melodies
See also
Riff (disambiguation)
Reef (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UCO%20Bank | UCO Bank, formerly United Commercial Bank, is an Indian public sector bank, established in 1943 in Kolkata. During FY 2020–21, its total business was 3.24 lakh crore. Based on 2020 data, it is ranked 80 on the Fortune India 500 list. UCO Bank was ranked 1948 in Forbes Global 2000 list of year 2018. the bank had 4,000 plus service units 49 zonal offices spread all over India. It also has two overseas branches in Singapore and Hong Kong. UCO Bank's headquarters is on BTM Sarani, Kolkata.
History
G. D. Birla, an eminent Indian industrialist, during the Quit India movement of 1942, conceived the idea of organising a commercial bank with Indian capital and management, and the United Commercial Bank Limited was incorporated to give shape to that idea. The bank was started with Kolkata as its head office with an issued capital of 2 crores, of which 1 crore was actually paid up. Birla was its chairman; the Board of Directors included eminent personalities of India drawn from many fields. The bank opened 14 branches simultaneously across India.
After World War II, United Commercial Bank opened several overseas branches. The first, in 1947, was in Rangoon. Branches in Singapore (1951), Hong Kong (March 1952), London (1953), and Malaysia followed. In 1963 the Burmese government nationalized United Commercial Bank's three branches there, which became People's Bank No. 6.
On 15 September 1967, Jalpaiguri Banking and Trading Corporation (JBTC) which had been established in Jalpaiguri in 1887 (or 1889; accounts differ), made a voluntary transfer of its assets and liabilities to United Commercial Bank. JBTC had only one office and specialised in lending against mortgages on tea gardens.
The Government of India nationalised United Commercial Bank on 19 July 1969. The nationalised bank continued the operations of the overseas branches in London, Singapore, and Hong Kong. However, Malaysian law forbade foreign government ownership of banks in Malaysia. Therefore, United Commercial, Indian Overseas Bank, and Indian Bank contributed their operations in Malaysia to a new joint-venture bank incorporated in Malaysia, United Asian Bank, with each of the three parent banks owning a third of the shares. At the time, Indian Bank had three branches, and Indian Overseas Bank and United Commercial Bank had eight between them.
An act of parliament changed the bank's name to UCO Bank in 1985, as a bank in Bangladesh existed with the name "United Commercial Bank", which caused confusion in the international banking arena.
In 1991, Bank of Commerce acquired United Asian Bank; in time CIMB came to own Bank of Commerce.
In 1998, UCO closed its London branch. Bank of Baroda acquired the assets and liabilities, but not the personnel, who were made redundant.
Current market position
As on 31 March 2021, government share-holding in the bank was 94.44%. For FY 2020-21, it registered ₹167 crore net profit. Branch expansion started at a fast pace, particularly in rural areas, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio%20Disney | Radio Disney was an American radio network operated by the Disney Radio Networks unit of Disney Branded Television within the Disney General Entertainment Content, headquartered in Burbank, California.
The network broadcast music programming oriented towards children, pre-teens and teenagers, focusing mainly on current hit music and a heavy emphasis on teen idols (particularly those signed with Disney Music Group record labels, such as Hollywood and Walt Disney); compared to most CHR stations, Radio Disney was far more aggressive in playing only current hits and eschewed recurrent rotation.
For many years Radio Disney affiliated with stations in markets of varying size, mainly large and mid-sized markets; however, by the early 2010s, Disney had begun to phase out the network's affiliations with terrestrial radio stations, and sold its owned-and-operated Radio Disney stations (with the exception of KDIS in Los Angeles) to third-parties, in order to focus more on its programming, marketing, creating revenue producing events and distribution of Radio Disney as an internet radio outlet on digital platforms.
In 2015, Radio Disney partnered with iBiquity to distribute the network terrestrially via its HD Radio platform, and with iHeartRadio for further digital distribution. In the same year, Radio Disney launched a spin-off service, Radio Disney Country, which carried a country music format catered towards a similar audience; in 2017, this service replaced the main Radio Disney service on KDIS, which was renamed KRDC. The network also lent its name to the Radio Disney Music Awards, an annual music awards presentation broadcast on television since 2014 by Disney Channel.
On December 3, 2020, Disney announced that Radio Disney and Radio Disney Country would be shut down in the first quarter of 2021. On April 14, 2021, Radio Disney ceased broadcast when its last remaining terrestrial station, KRDC in Los Angeles, was quietly changed to a simulcast of KSPN 710 AM, an ESPN Radio frequency.
Background
Disney had for a long time been involved in the music business, building off its success in movies and TV shows, which later became Disney Music Group. However, with radio, Disney was not committed to the medium only doing a few shows. Radio Disney is Disney's third foray into radio. In late 1955, Walt Disney started The Magic Kingdom radio show—running Monday through Fridays and which was heard on ABC Radio. Even before the 1996 Disney-CC/ABC merger, Disney and ABC Radio considered as early as 1991 planned for a children's radio network but dropped the idea. Starting on July 31, 1994, Disney started a weekend radio show, Live From Walt Disney World, that originated from both Disney World and Disneyland on Radio AAHS.
In November 1995, ABC Radio Networks and Children's Broadcast Corp. reached an agreement for ABC Radio to provide marketing and sales to Radio AAHS. After Disney's acquisition of CC/ABC, Disney had ABC Radio cancel the agreement in August 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CICC-TV | CICC-TV (channel 10) is a television station in Yorkton, Saskatchewan, Canada, part of the CTV Television Network. Owned and operated by network parent Bell Media, it is a semi-satellite of CKCK-DT in Regina. CICC-TV's studios are located on Broadway Street East and 6 Avenue North in Yorkton, and its transmitter is located adjacent to Highway 52, west of the city.
History
CICC signed on for the first time on Labour Day 1971, owned by Yorkton Television along with CKOS-TV. In 1984, it became a sister station to Prince Albert's CBC affiliate, CKBI-TV. Baton Broadcasting acquired it in 1986 as part of its merger with Yorkton Television. When Baton bought controlling interest in CTV in 1996, CICC became the network's second-smallest O&O.
In 2002, CTV parent company Bell Globemedia (now Bell Media) sold CICC's former CBC-affiliated twinstick sister station, CKOS-TV, to the CBC, which then made CKOS a rebroadcaster of CBKT in Regina. CBC shut down the transmitter in 2012, leaving CICC as the only over-the-air broadcast in Yorkton.
Notable former on-air staff
Rob Brown (now anchor with CBC News Calgary)
Robin Gill (now anchor with Global National)
Bob Maloney (Former mayor of Yorkton)
Natasha Staniszewski
Former transmitters
CICC-TV-2 Norquay
CICC-TV-3 Hudson Bay
CIEW-TV Carlyle Lake
CIWH-TV Wynyard
Notes
On February 11, 2016, Bell Media applied for its regular license renewals, which included applications to delete a long list of transmitters, including all of CICC's rebroadcasters. Bell Media's rationale for deleting these analog repeaters is below:
We are electing to delete these analog transmitters from the main licence with which they are associated. These analog transmitters generate no incremental revenue, attract little to no viewership given the growth of BDU or DTH subscriptions and are costly to maintain, repair or replace. In addition, none of the highlighted transmitters offer any programming that differs from the main channels. The Commission has determined that broadcasters may elect to shut down transmitters but will lose certain regulatory privileges (distribution on the basic service, the ability to request simultaneous substitution) as noted in Broadcasting Regulatory Policy CRTC 2015-24, Over-the-air transmission of television signals and local programming. We are fully aware of the loss of these regulatory privileges as a result of any transmitter shutdown.
References
External links
CICC-TV history - Canadian Communication Foundation
ICC-TV
Mass media in Yorkton
Television channels and stations established in 1971
ICC-TV |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple%20Advanced%20Typography | Apple Advanced Typography (AAT) is Apple Inc.'s computer technology for advanced font rendering, supporting internationalization and complex features for typographers, a successor to Apple's little-used QuickDraw GX font technology of the mid-1990s. It is a set of extensions to the TrueType outline font standard, with smartfont features similar to the OpenType font format that was developed by Adobe and Microsoft, and to Graphite. It also incorporates concepts from Adobe's "multiple master" font format, allowing for axes of traits to be defined and morphing of a glyph independently along each of these axes. AAT font features do not alter the underlying typed text; they only affect the characters' representation during glyph conversion.
Features
Significant features of AAT currently include:
Several degrees of ligature control
Kashida justification and joiners
Cross-stream kerning (required for Nasta'liq Urdu, for example)
Indic vowel rearrangement
Independently controllable substitution of:
Old style figures
Small caps and drop caps
Swash variants
Alternative glyphs:
Individual alternatives on a per-glyph basis
Wholesale alternatives, such as engraved text
Anything else the font designer wants to add
Glyph variation axes
AAT font features are supported on Mac OS 8.5 and above and all versions of macOS. The cross-platform ICU library provided basic AAT support for left-to-right scripts. HarfBuzz version 2 has added AAT shaping support, an open-source implementation of the technology which Chrome/Chromium as version 72 and LibreOffice as version 6.3 uses it instead of CoreText for rendering macOS AAT fonts in cross-platform way.
As of OS X Yosemite and iOS 8, AAT supports language-specific shaping—that is, changing how glyphs are processed depending on the human language they are being used to represent. This support is available through the use of language tags in Core Text. Provision was added at the same time for the relative positioning of two glyphs via anchor points via the ‘kerx’ and ‘ankr’ tables.
AAT and OpenType in macOS
As of Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard, partial support for OpenType is available. As of 2011, support is limited to Western and Arabic scripts. If a font has AAT tables, they will be used for typography. If the font does not have AAT tables but does have OpenType tables, they will be used to the extent that the system supports them.
This means that many OpenType fonts for Western or Middle Eastern scripts can be used without modification on Mac OS X 10.5, but South Asian scripts such as Thai and Devanagari cannot. These require AAT tables for proper layout.
AAT Layout
AAT first requires the text to be turned entirely into glyphs before text layout occurs. Operations on the text take place entirely within the glyph layer.
The core table used in the AAT layout process is the "morx" table. This table is divided into a series of chains, each further divided into subtables. The chains and subtables are processe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liza%20Fromer | Liza Fromer (born March 18, 1970) is a former cohost of The Morning Show on the Global Television Network and Breakfast Television at Citytv in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
She graduated from Ryerson University with a degree in Radio and Television and is a Canadian broadcast journalist. Previously, she worked as a video game columnist for TV Guide Canada. Her first foray into broadcasting was driving the Q107 Community Cruiser. She later launched her television career at YTV as the co-host of both the Video & Arcade Top 10 and Clips. From 1995 to 1997, she hosted Good Morning Toronto on The Weather Network and later became the weekend anchor and reporter at A-Channel in Calgary, anchoring the station's first-ever newscast. Fromer has also had stints with The Discovery Channel, CBS's Newspath, and has appeared in several ads.
Fromer appeared on the cover of the Fall/Winter 2005 issue of Today's Bride, as part of an article where she discussed her wedding.
In January 2006, she announced that she was pregnant with her first child. She and her husband had a son in 2016. She subsequently announced her departure from Breakfast Television.
In April 2007, Alliance Atlantis Communications announced that Fromer would appear, in the fall of 2007, in a prime-time series on the Slice specialty channel (formerly the Life Network) called The List.
On September 23, 2009, it was announced that Fromer would be a member of the new John Moore morning show on Newstalk 1010 in Toronto beginning on October 5, 2009.
On May 31, 2011, Fromer was announced as the cohost of The Morning Show on Global Television Network. The program debuted in October 2011.
On June 28, 2016, Global News announced that they would not be renewing Liza Fromer's contract after it expired at the month's end. Fromer no longer works for Global Toronto. She now is an MC and moderator with Key Note Speaker Canada as well as children's book author.
Filmography
Magnus Opus (2003)
Sanctuary (1997) as an Anchorwoman
References
External links
1970 births
Living people
Canadian television hosts
Canadian women television hosts
People from Kitchener, Ontario
Toronto Metropolitan University alumni
Global Television Network people |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell%20202%20modem | The Bell 202 modem was an early (1976) modem standard developed by the Bell System. It specifies audio frequency-shift keying (AFSK) to encode and transfer data at a rate of 1200 bits per second (bit/s), half-duplex. It has separate sets of circuits for 1200 bit/s and 300 bit/s rates. These signalling protocols, also used in third-party modems, are referred to generically as Bell 202 modulation, and any device employing it as Bell-202-compatible.
Bell 202 AFSK uses a 1200 Hz tone for mark (typically a binary 1) and 2200 Hz for space (typically a binary 0).
In North America, Bell 202 AFSK modulation is used to transmit Caller ID information over POTS lines in the public telephone network. It is also employed in some commercial settings.
In addition, Bell 202 is the basis for the most commonly used physical layer for the HART Communication Protocol - a communication protocol widely used in the process industries.
Surplus Bell 202 modems were used by amateur radio operators to construct the first packet radio stations, despite its low signalling speed. A modified Bell 202 AFSK modulation, a common physical layer for AX.25, remains the standard for amateur VHF operation in most areas. Notably, Automatic Packet Reporting System (APRS) transmissions are encoded this way on VHF. On HF, APRS uses Bell 103 modulation.
The Bell 202 standard was adopted around 1980 as the communications standard for subsea oil and gas production control systems, pioneered by the then FSSL (Ferranti Subsea Systems Ltd.) Controls, a spin-out company from the former TRW - Ferranti joint venture in the UK. This modulation standard was retained until around 2000, when it was superseded by faster FSK and PSK modulation methods, although it is still utilised for extension of existing control systems that are already configured for this technique.
The 202 standard permitted useful techniques such as multi-dropping of slave modems to allow multiple nodes to be connected to the host via a single modem channel. Other techniques have included superposition of signal on power conductors, and distances in excess of 80 km were achieved in subsea applications using these techniques. This has been enhanced through the use of Manchester encoding over the FSK link, to provide simple Modulo-2 RZ (return to zero) bit error detection and suppression improvement over these long distances.
Related technology
The ITU-T V.23 communications standard defines a similar modulation scheme.
See also
Caller ID
HART Communication Protocol (Highway Addressable Remote Transducer) - a communication protocol used in the process industries.
References
BELL202 Specification Interface
Modems |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%20no%20Tomonori | was an early Heian waka poet of the court, a member of the sanjūrokkasen or Thirty-six Poetry Immortals. He was a compiler of the Kokin Wakashū, though he certainly did not see it to completion as the anthology includes a eulogy to him composed by Ki no Tsurayuki, his cousin and colleague in the compilation effort. Ki no Tomonori is the author of several poems in the Kokin Wakashū, and a few of his poems appear in later official collections. A collection of his poems from various sources appeared as the tomonori shū.
Tomonori's most famous waka is "Hisakata no", included in Hyakunin Isshu that was compiled in the 13th century:
Hisakata no (From afar literally, but a pillow word for light)
Hikari nodokeki (Of peaceful light)
Haru no hi ni (On the day of spring)
Shizugokoro naku (Without quiet minds)
Hana no chiruran (Do the cherry flowers fall?)
This waka has been made a choral song "Hisakata No (In the Peaceful Light)" by Ruth Morris Gray and is sung by various choral groups of the world.
References
Japanese poets
Hyakunin Isshu poets
Ki clan
850s births
900s deaths
Year of birth uncertain
Year of death uncertain |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File%20locking | File locking is a mechanism that restricts access to a computer file, or to a region of a file, by allowing only one user or process to modify or delete it at a specific time and to prevent reading of the file while it's being modified or deleted.
Systems implement locking to prevent the classic interceding update scenario, which is a typical example of a race condition, by enforcing the serialization of update processes to any given file. The following example illustrates the interceding update problem:
Process A reads a customer record from a file containing account information, including the customer's account balance and phone number.
Process B now reads the same record from the same file, so it has its own copy.
Process A changes the account balance in its copy of the customer record and writes the record back to the file.
Process B, which still has the original stale value for the account balance in its copy of the customer record, updates the account balance and writes the customer record back to the file.
Process B has now written its stale account-balance value to the file, causing the changes made by process A to be lost.
Most operating systems support the concept of record locking, which means that individual records within any given file may be locked, thereby increasing the number of concurrent update processes. Database maintenance uses file locking, whereby it can serialize access to the entire physical file underlying a database. Although this does prevent any other process from accessing the file, it can be more efficient than individually locking many regions in the file by removing the overhead of acquiring and releasing each lock.
Poor use of file locks, like any computer lock, can result in poor performance or in deadlocks. File locking may also refer to additional security applied by a computer user either by using Windows security, NTFS permissions or by installing a third party file locking software.
In mainframes
IBM pioneered file locking in 1963 for use in mainframe computers using OS/360, where it was termed "exclusive control".
In Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Windows uses three distinct mechanisms to manage access to shared files:
using share-access controls that allow applications to specify whole-file access-sharing for read, write, or delete
using byte-range locks to arbitrate read and write access to regions within a single file
by Windows file systems disallowing executing files from being opened for write or delete access
Windows inherits the semantics of share-access controls from the MS-DOS system, where sharing was introduced in MS-DOS 3.3 . Thus, an application must explicitly allow sharing when it opens a file; otherwise it has exclusive read, write, and delete access to the file until closed (other types of access, such as those to retrieve the attributes of a file are allowed.)
For a file opened with shared access, applications may then use byte-range locking to control access to spec |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book%20type | The book type is a field of four bits at the start of every DVD (in the physical format information section of the control data block) that indicates what the physical format of the disc is. Many devices will use this field to determine how the disc should be treated.
One common cause of compatibility problems is the failure of a device to recognize the book type of the disc, most likely because the device had been manufactured before that particular book type was defined; for example, most DVD playback devices made before mid-2004 cannot recognize the relatively new DVD+R DL Book Type. For DVD+R, DVD+RW, and DVD+R DL discs, it is possible to change the book type field value to the value associated with the DVD-ROM format (or in some rare and unorthodox cases, even the value associated with the DVD-R format—though only DVD+R can be changed to this) in order to fool older devices, which is a trick known as bitsetting.
These are the possible values of the Book Type Field:
See also
Rainbow Books, the other types of books for optical discs
External links
CD Freaks Article Increased compatibility: DVD bitsetting
DVDPlusRW.org Search page Search devices for Compatibility Settings
DVD |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falcon%20Northwest | Falcon Northwest is a private company headquartered in Medford, Oregon. It designs, assembles, and markets high-end custom computers. The company was founded in 1992 and was one of the first to specialize in PCs built specifically for gaming.
History
Falcon Northwest was founded in April 1992 by gamer hobbyist and former pilot Kelt Reeves. Falcon Northwest released the first pre-built computer model intended specifically for gaming, the Mach V, in 1993, starting the "gaming PC" category of computer products. The company was founded in Florida, but later moved to Coos Bay, Oregon, then Ashland, Oregon, and finally Medford, Oregon.
In the late 1990s, Falcon grew to $3 million in annual revenues and opened a new manufacturing facility in Oregon. Later on, the company collaborated with Intel on early liquid cooling components. Intel worked with Falcon Northwest in secret, in order to avoid the appearance of endorsing overclocking by selling liquid cooling products under its own brand.
Products
Falcon Northwest sells high-end computers that are optimized for gaming, scientific, or military applications. As of 2013, about half of its sales were from gamers. Falcon's computers are consistently highly-ranked in benchmark tests, but cost $1,500 to over $10,000 depending on the user's configuration. Many Falcon PCs are sold with custom paint jobs, high-end graphics cards, and special low-latency components. Though it was originally known for tower desktops like the Mach V, and also sells laptops, as of 2017 Falcon is best-known for its smaller, portable mini-PCs.
Their products include:
Mach V - Desktop tower PC
Talon - Desktop tower PC
FragBox - Small Form Factor (SFF) PC
Tiki - Micro-tower PC
TLX - Thin & light class laptop PC
DRX - Desktop replacement class laptop PC
Reception
In benchmark tests by Maximum PC in 2018, Falcon Northwest's Tiki mini-PC performed better than a tower computer with a high-end graphics card, but was also the most expensive computer the reviewers had ever used. Similarly, Falcon's FragBox mini-PC was praised by Tom's Guide in 2017 for its appearance and power, but the configuration cost $5,000. Tom's Guide said it was "one of the best options out there" for consumers that have the budget for a high-end portable gaming computer.
PC Magazine said in 2018 that the Talon tower gaming PC from Falcon Northwest set records in benchmark performance tests and has high-quality components but was too expensive for most consumers. The same publication gave Falcon's Mach V desktop gaming computer a 5 out of 5. A 2015 review in PCWorld, praised the Mach V's performance but noted the high price that comes with buying a computer running three graphics cards.
In 2022, PC Magazine reviewed the Falcon Northwest FragBox, Talon, and Tiki. In each case, the reviewer gave the computer a 4.5 out of 5 rating. The reviews praised the three models' performance, noise, and build quality, though, like previous reviews, noted that all of Falcon Nor |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burroughs%20B1700 | The Burroughs B1000 Series was a series of mainframe computers, built by the Burroughs Corporation, and originally introduced in the 1970s with continued software development until 1987. The series consisted of three major generations which were the B1700, B1800, and B1900 series machines. They were also known as the Burroughs Small Systems, by contrast with the Burroughs Large Systems (B5000, B6000, B7000, B8000) and the Burroughs Medium Systems (B2000, B3000, B4000).
Much of the original research for the B1700, initially codenamed the PLP ("Proper Language Processor" or "Program Language Processor"), was done at the Burroughs Pasadena plant.
Production of the B1700s began in the mid-1970s and occurred at both the Santa Barbara and Liège, Belgium plants. The majority of design work was done at Santa Barbara with the B1830 being the notable exception designed at Liège.
Features
Writeable control store
The B1000 is distinguished from other machines in that it had a writeable control store allowing the machine to emulate any other machine. The Burroughs MCP (Master Control Program) would schedule a particular job to run. The MCP would preload the interpreter for whatever language was required. These interpreters presented different virtual machines for COBOL, Fortran, etc.
A notable idea of the "semantic gap" between the ideal expression of the solution to a particular programming problem, and the real physical hardware illustrated the inefficiency of current machine implementations. The three Burroughs architectures represent solving this problem by building hardware aligned with high-level languages, so-called language-directed design (contemporary term; today more often called a "high-level language computer architecture"). The large systems were stack machines and very efficiently executed ALGOL. The medium systems (B2000, 3000, and B4000) were aimed at the business world and executing COBOL (thus everything was done with BCD including addressing memory.) The B1000 series was perhaps the only "universal" solution from this perspective because it used idealized virtual machines for any language.
The actual hardware was built to enhance this capability. Perhaps the most obvious examples were the bit-addressable memory, the variable size arithmetic logic unit (ALU), and the ability to OR in data from a register into the instruction register allowing very efficient instruction parsing. Another feature of the machine language was the appearance of having the output of the ALU appear as different addressable registers. X+Y, and X-Y are two read-only registers within the machine language.
Internals
One concession to the fact that Burroughs was primarily a supplier to business (and thus running COBOL) was the availability of BCD arithmetic in the ALU.
Internally, the machines employed 16-bit instructions and a 24-bit data path. The bit addressable memory supported the mix quite efficiently. Internally, the later generation memories |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTCondor | HTCondor is an open-source high-throughput computing software framework for coarse-grained distributed parallelization of computationally intensive tasks.
It can be used to manage workload on a dedicated cluster of computers, or to farm out work to idle desktop computersso-called cycle scavenging. HTCondor runs on Linux, Unix, Mac OS X, FreeBSD, and Microsoft Windows operating systems. HTCondor can integrate both dedicated resources (rack-mounted clusters) and non-dedicated desktop machines (cycle scavenging) into one computing environment.
HTCondor is developed by the HTCondor team at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and is freely available for use. HTCondor follows an open-source philosophy and is licensed under the Apache License 2.0.
While HTCondor makes use of unused computing time, leaving computers turned on for use with HTCondor will increase energy consumption and associated costs. Starting from version 7.1.1, HTCondor can hibernate and wake machines based on user-specified policies, a feature previously available only via third-party software.
History
The development of HTCondor started in 1988.
HTCondor was formerly known as Condor; the name was changed in October 2012 to resolve a trademark lawsuit.
HTCondor was the scheduler software used to distribute jobs for the first draft assembly of the Human Genome.
Example of use
The NASA Advanced Supercomputing facility (NAS) HTCondor pool consists of approximately 350 SGI and Sun workstations purchased and used for software development, visualization, email, document preparation, and other tasks. Each workstation runs a daemon that watches user I/O and CPU load. When a workstation has been idle for two hours, a job from the batch queue is assigned to the workstation and will run until the daemon detects a keystroke, mouse motion, or high non-HTCondor CPU usage. At that point, the job will be removed from the workstation and placed back on the batch queue.
Features
HTCondor can run both sequential and parallel jobs. Sequential jobs can be run in several different "universes", including "vanilla" which provides the ability to run most "batch ready" programs, and "standard universe" in which the target application is re-linked with the HTCondor I/O library which provides for remote job I/O and job checkpointing. HTCondor also provides a "local universe" which allows jobs to run on the "submit host".
In the world of parallel jobs, HTCondor supports the standard Message Passing Interface and Parallel Virtual Machine (Goux, et al. 2000) in addition to its own Master Worker "MW" library for extremely parallel tasks.
HTCondor-G allows HTCondor jobs to use resources not under its direct control.
It is mostly used to talk to grid and cloud resources, like pre-WS and WS Globus, Nordugrid ARC, UNICORE and Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud.
But it can also be used to talk to other batch systems, like Torque/PBS and LSF. Support for Sun Grid Engine is currently under development as part of the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV%20Aichi | JOCI-DTV, branded as , is a television station in Nagoya, Japan operated by the Aichi Television Broadcasting Company, Ltd. (TVA; ) and is an affiliate of the TX Network. TVA started broadcasting in 1983. Nikkei, Inc. is the biggest shareholder of TVA.
Broadcasting
Analog (as of 11/07/24 end date)
JOCI-TV (1983/09/01-11/07/24)
Nagoya: Channel 25
Toyohashi: Channel 52
Digital
JOCI-DTV (2003/12/01)
Channel ID 10
Nagoya: Channel 23
Toyohashi: Channel 26
Programmes (times in JST)
Now on air
Ben 10: Alien Force (18:00) - animated television series, aired over Japan
Samurai Jack (18:30) - animated television series, aired over Japan
Nogizakatte, Doko? (24:00) - variety show, aired over Japan
SpongeBob SquarePants (10:00) - animated television series, aired over Japan
Naruto - anime television series, aired over Japan
The Simpsons (24:00) - animated television series, aired over Japan
Family Guy (24:30) - animated television series, aired over Japan
Past
in Aichi Prefecture
Bakushō Chokuyunyū Benny Hill Show () - broadcasts The Benny Hill Show
Ōsu no Cosplay Monogatari () - features cosplayers in Nagoya
News and Wide Maiyū! () - local news program
Yattokame Tanteidan () - a comedy and mystery anime laid in Nagoya
all over Japan
Anime TV productions
Totsugeki! Pappara-tai ()
Shin Hakkenden ()
Cyborg Kuro-chan ()
Gyōten Ningen Batseelor ()
Tokyo Mew Mew ()
Mermaid Melody Pichi Pichi Pitch ()
Transformer Galaxy Force ()
Wan Wan Celeb Soreyuke! Tetsunoshin ()
Deltora Quest ()
Cardfight!! Vanguard ()
Future Card Buddyfight ()
Tokusatsu
Madan Senki Ryukendo ()
Tomica Hero: Rescue Force ()
Tomica Hero: Rescue Fire ()
Foreign
Winx Club
Power Rangers Megaforce
Power Rangers Dino Fury
Soy Luna
Rival TV stations in Nagoya
Tōkai Television Broadcasting (THK, , affiliated with CX and FNN / FNS) - 1
Chūkyō Television Broadcasting (CTV, , affiliated with NTV and NNN / NNS) - 4
Chubu-Nippon Broadcasting Co., Ltd. (CBC, , affiliated with TBS TV and JNN) - 5
Nagoya Broadcasting Network (NBN, , affiliated with TV Asahi and ANN) - 6
References
Website
Official website
Television stations in Nagoya
TX Network
Television channels and stations established in 1983
1983 establishments in Japan
Nikkei Inc. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stylized%20fact | In social sciences, especially economics, a stylized fact is a simplified presentation of an empirical finding. Stylized facts are broad tendencies that aim to summarize the data, offering essential truths while ignoring individual details.
A prominent example of a stylized fact is: "Education significantly raises lifetime income." Another stylized fact in economics is: "In advanced economies, real GDP growth fluctuates in a recurrent but irregular fashion".
However, scrutiny to detail will often produce counterexamples. In the case given above, holding a PhD may lower lifetime income, because of the years of lost earnings it implies and because many PhD holders enter academia instead of higher-paid fields. Nonetheless, broadly speaking, people with more education tend to earn more, so the above example is true in the sense of a stylized fact.
Origin of the term
When describing what is generally regarded as the first econometric macro model ever developed, Jan Tinbergen (1936) introduces the concept of stylization as follows: "To get a clear view, stylisation is indispensable. The many phenomena must be grouped in such a way that the picture becomes clear, yet without losing its characteristic traits. Of course every stylisation is a hazardous venture. The art of the social economist's work lies in this stylisation. Some stylisations have been unwieldy, others have been unrealistic. But stylisation is essential. The alternative is barrenness."
The term "stylised facts" was introduced by the economist Nicholas Kaldor in the context of a debate on economic growth theory in 1961, expanding on model assumptions made in a 1957 paper.
Criticizing the neoclassical models of economic growth of his time, Kaldor argues that theory construction should begin with a summary of the relevant facts. However, to handle the problem that "facts as recorded by statisticians, are always subject to numerous snags and qualifications, and for that reason are incapable of being summarized",
he suggests that theorists "should be free to start off with a stylised view of the facts – i.e. concentrate on broad tendencies, ignoring individual detail".
With respect to broad tendencies that result from such a process, Kaldor coins the term "stylized facts".
Examples
Stylized facts are widely used in economics, in particular to motivate the construction of a model and/or to validate it. Examples are:
Stock returns are uncorrelated and not easily forecastable.
Yield curves tend to move in parallel.
Education is positively correlated to lifetime earnings
Inventory behavior of firms: "the variance of production exceeds the variance of sales"
Uses
Already in the original paper, Kaldor used his stylized facts of economic growth to argue in favor of his suggested model in comparison to older neoclassical models of economic growth. This idea has been highlighted subsequently by Boland, that the advantages of one model over the other can be set in a clear perspective via th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C5%ABky%C5%8D%20Television%20Broadcasting | JOCH-DTV, branded as , is the Chūkyō metropolitan area flagship station of the Nippon News Network and Nippon Television Network System (NNS), owned by Nippon Television Holdings through . Its studios are located in Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.
The Chūkyō UHF TV Broadcasting Co., Ltd. (中京ユー・エッチ・エフテレビ放送株式会社, former corporate name of Chūkyō TV) was founded on March 1, 1968, and started TV broadcasting on April 1, 1969. Then the company was renamed "Chūkyō TV Broadcasting Co., Ltd. (中京テレビ放送株式会社)" on April 1, 1970.
Broadcasting
Analog
JOCH-TV (as of 1969/04/01 open date and 2011/07/24 end date)
Nagoya: Channel 35
Toyohashi: Channel 58
Gifu-Nagara: Channel 47
Tajimi: Channel 59
Nakatsugawa: Channel 26
Takayama: Channel 26
Ise: Channel 47
Toba: Channel 36
Isobe: Channel 39
Nabari: Channel 54, etc.
Digital
JOCH-DTV (as 2003/12/01 open date)
Button: 4
Nagoya: Channel 19
Toyohashi: Channel 17
Chuno: Channel 17
Nakatsugawa: Channel 17
Takayama: Channel 17
Ise: Channel 17
Nabari: Channel 19
Programmes (times in JST)
Now on air
in Aichi Prefecture, Gifu Prefecture, and Mie Prefecture
SAKAE TA☆RO - from 24:25 till 24:55 every Friday: a late-night variety show on location in Sakae, Naka-ku, Nagoya
PS - from 22:30 till 23:30 every Sunday: information about restaurants in Nagoya
catch! - from 15:50 till 19:00 every weekday
all over Japan
Super Chample (スーパーチャンプル) - from 24:29 till 24:59 every Wednesday: features street dance
Past
in Aichi Prefecture, Gifu Prefecture, and Mie Prefecture
Goji Satur Magazine (5時SATマガジン) - from April 1981 till September 1993: features Japanese rock music
Vivian (ヴィヴィアン) - from September 1987 till March 1994: a variety show for working women
Radio de Gomen (ラジオDEごめん) - from October 1988 till March 1991: a late-night TV program like a radio program
Kosakai Kazuki no Renai Senka Irokoi Zaurusu (小堺一機の恋愛専科 色恋ざうるす) - from October 1991 till September 1993: a late-night variety show by Kazuki Kosakai
Denpa Kessha Bababa Dan (電波結社バババ団) - from October 1993 till March 1995: an evening variety show
Kyaīn no Gyaronpa (キャイ~ンのギャロンパ) - from October 1997 till September 2000: a late-night variety show by Kyaīn
And U (アンデュ) - from 09:25 till 10:20 every Saturday: features young women's trend
all over Japan
Owarai Manga Dōjō (お笑いマンガ道場) - from April 1976 till March 1994: a variety show by Japanese cartoonists
Sarudie (サルヂエ) - from October 2005 till January 2007, produced by Nippon TV and Chūkyō TV: a quiz show by Takashi Fujii
Gyōkai Quiz Minikite! (業界クイズ ミニキテ!) - from October 2007 till March 2008: a quiz show about industries and professions
Other TV stations in Nagoya
Tōkai Television Broadcasting (THK, , affiliated with CX and FNN / FNS) - 1
Chubu-Nippon Broadcasting Co.,Ltd (CBC, , affiliated with TBS TV and JNN) - 5
Nagoya Broadcasting Network (NBN, , affiliated with TV Asahi and ANN) - 6
Aichi Television Broadcasting (TVA, , affiliated with TV Tokyo and TX Network) - 10
See also
The city of Nagoya
Chūkyō Metropolitan Area
External lin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%20Initio%20Software | Ab Initio Software is an American multinational enterprise software corporation based in Lexington, Massachusetts. The company specializes in high-volume data processing applications and enterprise application integration. It was founded in 1995 by the former CEO of Thinking Machines Corporation, Sheryl Handler, and several other former employees after the bankruptcy of that company.
The Ab Initio products are provided on a platform for parallel data processing applications. These applications perform functions relating to fourth generation data analysis, batch processing, complex events, quantitative and qualitative data processing, data manipulation graphical user interface (GUI)-based parallel processing software which is commonly used to extract, transform, and load (ETL) data.
References
External links
Official site
The Ab Initio Professionals Group
Data warehousing products
Development software companies
Extract, transform, load tools
Companies based in Lexington, Massachusetts |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20computing | Social computing is an area of computer science that is concerned with the intersection of social behavior and computational systems. It is based on creating or recreating social conventions and social contexts through the use of software and technology. Thus, blogs, email, instant messaging, social network services, wikis, social bookmarking and other instances of what is often called social software illustrate ideas from social computing.
History
Social computing begins with the observation that humans—and human behavior—are profoundly social. From birth, humans orient to one another, and as they grow, they develop abilities for interacting with each other. This ranges from expression and gesture to spoken and written language. As a consequence, people are remarkably sensitive to the behavior of those around them and make countless decisions that are shaped by their social context. Whether it is wrapping up a talk when the audience starts fidgeting, choosing the crowded restaurant over the nearly deserted one, or crossing the street against the light because everyone else is doing so, social information provides a basis for inferences, planning, and coordinating activity.
The premise of 'Social Computing' is that it is possible to design digital systems that support useful functionality by making socially produced information available to their users. This information may be provided directly, as when systems show the number of users who have rated a review as helpful or not. Or the information may be provided after being filtered and aggregated, as is done when systems recommend a product based on what else people with similar purchase history have purchased. Alternatively, the information may be provided indirectly, as is the case with Google's page rank algorithms which orders search results based on the number of pages that (recursively) point to them. In all of these cases, information that is produced by a group of people is used to provide or enhance the functioning of a system. Social computing is concerned with systems of this sort and the mechanisms and principles that underlie them.
Social computing can be defined as follows:
"Social Computing" refers to systems that support the gathering, representation, processing, use, and dissemination of information that is distributed across social collectivities such as teams, communities, organizations, and markets. Moreover, the information is not "anonymous" but is significantly precise because it is linked to people, who are in turn linked to other people.
More recent definitions, however, have foregone the restrictions regarding anonymity of information, acknowledging the continued spread and increasing pervasiveness of social computing. As an example, Hemmatazad, N. (2014) defined social computing as "the use of computational devices to facilitate or augment the social interactions of their users, or to evaluate those interactions in an effort to obtain new information."
PLATO |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20communes%20of%20Luxembourg | This is a list of the 102 communes of Luxembourg, a basic administrative division in Luxembourg, of which each canton is required to contain at least one.
List
Notes
External links
Geodata for the Communes of Luxembourg, extracted from OpenStreetMap
Communes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20City%20of%20New%20York%20vs.%20Homer%20Simpson | "The City of New York vs. Homer Simpson" is the first episode of the ninth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It was originally broadcast on the Fox network in the United States on September 21, 1997, as the 179th episode of the series. The episode features the Simpson family traveling to Manhattan to recover the family car, which was taken by Barney Gumble and abandoned outside the World Trade Center, where it had been repeatedly posted with parking tickets, and disabled with a parking boot.
Writer Ian Maxtone-Graham was interested in making an episode where the Simpson family travels to New York to retrieve their misplaced car. Executive producers Bill Oakley and Josh Weinstein suggested that the car be found in Austin J. Tobin Plaza at the World Trade Center, as they wanted a location that would be widely known. Great lengths were taken to make a detailed replica of the borough of Manhattan. The episode received acclaim from fans and television critics, and has since been on accolade lists of The Simpsons episodes. The "You're Checkin' In" musical sequence won two awards. Because of the World Trade Center's main role, the episode was taken off syndication in many areas following the September 11 attacks, but returned to syndication by 2006.
Plot
At Moe's Tavern, Moe informs Homer and his friends that one of them must be a designated driver, and Barney loses the choosing draw. After Barney drives the drunken men home in Homer's car, Homer allows him to use it to drive himself home, expecting Barney to return it the following morning. In his distressed state, Barney disappears with the car. Two months later, Barney returns to Moe's Tavern, unable to recall where he left the car. Homer later receives a letter from the New York City government, which informs him that his car has been found parked in the World Trade Center plaza and will be destroyed if not picked up in 72 hours. Homer reveals to the family that he had once been to New York before when he was 17 years old, and had a horrible experience. Marge and the children persuade Homer to go retrieve the car, and he reluctantly agrees.
When the family arrives in Manhattan, they decide to split up. Upon arrival at his car, Homer discovers it has been issued many parking tickets and has been wheel clamped. While waiting for a parking officer to come and remove the clamp, Homer buys khlav kalash (a fictionalized kebab served on a stick) and several cans of crab juice, and now needs to urinate, but is afraid to leave his car behind. He rushes into the restroom at the South Tower's indoor observation deck, but discovers that it is out of order and locked so he must use the one at the top of the North Tower. While he is in the restroom, the officer arrives and issues another parking ticket as no one was present. Meanwhile, the rest of the family tours the Statue of Liberty, Little Italy, Chinatown, and the Empire State Building. Bart leaves the group to visit the of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apulet | An apulet is a component of the Cell computer architecture consisting of a bundle comprising a data object and the code necessary to perform an action upon it. The Cell architecture calls for several APUs (Attached Processing Units) which do the primary processing of the system, under the control of a single Processing Element (PE). Each APU is loaded with its apulet by the PE and can pass its results to the next APU.
See also
Core Multiplexing Technology
CPGA
BINAC
References
Cell BE architecture |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Sprague | William Sprague may refer to:
William Sprague (1609–1675), original American settler
William Buell Sprague (1795–1876), American clergyman and compiler of Annals of the American Pulpit
William Sprague III (1799–1856), American politician from Rhode Island, uncle of William Sprague IV
William Sprague (Michigan politician) (1809–1868), politician from Michigan
William P. Sprague (1827–1899), politician from Ohio
William Sprague IV (1830–1915), politician from Rhode Island, nephew of William Sprague III
William George Robert Sprague (1863–1933), London theatre designer
William C. Sprague (fl. 1890s–1910s), founder of The American Boy magazine
See also
Sprague (surname) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left%20recursion | In the formal language theory of computer science, left recursion is a special case of recursion where a string is recognized as part of a language by the fact that it decomposes into a string from that same language (on the left) and a suffix (on the right). For instance, can be recognized as a sum because it can be broken into , also a sum, and , a suitable suffix.
In terms of context-free grammar, a nonterminal is left-recursive if the leftmost symbol in one of its productions is itself (in the case of direct left recursion) or can be made itself by some sequence of substitutions (in the case of indirect left recursion).
Non-technical Introduction
Formal language theory may come across as very difficult. Let's start off with a very simple example just to show the problem. If we take a look at the name of a former Dutch bank, VSB Bank, you will see something odd.
What do you think the B stands for? Bank. The same word again. How many banks are in this name?
Let's chop down the name in parts:
VSB Bank:
V = Verenigde (United)
S = Spaarbank (Savings Bank)
B = Bank
Bank.
Concluding: VSB Bank = Verenigde Spaarbank Bank Bank.
Now you see what a left recursive name abbreviation is all about. The remainder of this article is not using examples, but abstractions in the forms of symbols.
Definition
A grammar is left-recursive if and only if there exists a nonterminal symbol that can derive to a sentential form with itself as the leftmost symbol. Symbolically,
,
where indicates the operation of making one or more substitutions, and is any sequence of terminal and nonterminal symbols.
Direct left recursion
Direct left recursion occurs when the definition can be satisfied with only one substitution. It requires a rule of the form
where is a sequence of nonterminals and terminals . For example, the rule
is directly left-recursive. A left-to-right recursive descent parser for this rule might look like
void Expression() {
Expression();
match('+');
Term();
}
and such code would fall into infinite recursion when executed.
Indirect left recursion
Indirect left recursion occurs when the definition of left recursion is satisfied via several substitutions. It entails a set of rules following the pattern
where are sequences that can each yield the empty string, while may be any sequences of terminal and nonterminal symbols at all. Note that these sequences may be empty. The derivation
then gives as leftmost in its final sentential form.
Removing left recursion
Left recursion often poses problems for parsers, either because it leads them into infinite recursion (as in the case of most top-down parsers) or because they expect rules in a normal form that forbids it (as in the case of many bottom-up parsers). Therefore, a grammar is often preprocessed to eliminate the left recursion.
Removing direct left recursion
The general algorithm to remove direct left recursion follows. Several improvements to this method have been ma |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fork%20%28file%20system%29 | In a computer file system, a fork is a set of data associated with a file-system object. File systems without forks only allow a single set of data for the contents, while file systems with forks allow multiple such contents. Every non-empty file must have at least one fork, often of default type, and depending on the file system, a file may have one or more other associated forks, which in turn may contain primary data integral to the file, or just metadata.
Unlike extended attributes, a similar file system feature which is typically of fixed size, forks can be of variable size, possibly even larger than the file's primary data fork. The size of a file is the sum of the sizes of each fork.
Popular file systems that can use forks include Apple's HFS+ and Microsoft's NTFS.
Alternatives
On file systems without forks, one may instead use multiple separate files that are associated with each other, particularly sidecar files for metadata. However, the connection between these files is not automatically preserved by the file system, and must instead be handled by each program that works on files. Another alternative is a container file, which stores additional data within a given file format, or an archive file, which allows storing several files and metadata within a file (within a single fork). This requires that programs process the container file or archive file, rather than the file system handling forks. These alternatives require additional work by programs using the data, but benefit from portability to file systems that do not support forks.
Implementations
Apple
File system forks are associated with Apple's Hierarchical File System (HFS). HFS, and the original Apple Macintosh file system MFS, allowed a file system object to have two kinds of forks: a data fork and a resource fork.
The resource fork was designed to store non-compiled data that would be used by the system's graphical user interface (GUI), such as localizable text strings, a file's icon to be used by the Finder or the menus and dialog boxes associated with an application. However the feature was very flexible, so additional uses were found, such as splitting a word processing document into content and presentation, then storing each part in separate resources. As compiled software code was also stored in a resource, often applications would consist of just a resource fork and no data fork.
One of HFS+'s most obscure features is that a file may have an arbitrary number of custom "named forks" in addition to the traditional data and resource forks. This feature has gone largely unused, as Apple never added support for it under Mac OS 8.1-10.3.9. Beginning with 10.4, a partial implementation was made to support Apple's extended inline attributes.
In Mac OS X until Mac OS X v10.4, users running Unix command line utilities such as tar would risk data loss, as the utilities had not been updated to handle the resource forks of files.
Novell
Starting in 1985, Novell Net |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project%20Blinkenlights | Project Blinkenlights was a light installation in the Haus des Lehrers building at the Alexanderplatz in Berlin that transformed the building front into a giant low-resolution monochrome computer screen. The installation was created by the German Chaos Computer Club (CCC) and went online on 11 September 2001 as a celebration of the club's 20th birthday. Some novel uses of the screen are for people to call a number and play Pong via mobile phone or display animations sent in by the public.
Similar installations were created by the CCC for the Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris in 2002 (called Arcade) and for two towers of the City Hall in Toronto (called Stereoscope). Both installations feature higher resolutions and eight shades of grey.
In August 2023 a new Installation was shown on the CCCamp in Mildenberg. It was called Polychrome and used RGBw LED which have been calibrated as Tim Pritlove shown in a Talk about the Project on Aug. 16.
The electrical engineering and computer science students of the Budapest University of Technology and Economics turn their Schönherz Dormitory into a giant display ("the Matrix") at their annual Schönherz Cup competition, where amongst others, teams compete to create the most interesting and funny animations.
A similar display, featuring three colours, is annually created by students of Wrocław University of Technology and the University of Bordeaux,who have released open-source software to create interactive architectural displays.
Independently, an installation displaying the message "" (German for "FINISHED") was shown at the completion of the Elbphilharmonie in Hamburg in 2016.
The term "blinkenlights" originates in hacker humor. One of the CCC installations is depicted in the Golden Boy and Miss Kittin video for their song "Rippin Kittin".
See also
Voices For The Future (a similar installation by Project Pressure)
References
External links
Video of a winning Schönherz animation and homepage of the Schönherz Blinkenlights
Installation art works |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Goren | Robert "Bobby" Goren is a fictional character featured in the NBC-USA Network police procedural and legal drama television series Law & Order: Criminal Intent, portrayed by Vincent D'Onofrio.
Goren is a detective investigator first grade for the Major Case Squad in the New York City Police Department (NYPD). His shield number is 4376. He is partnered with Det. Alexandra Eames (Kathryn Erbe). As created by executive producer René Balcer, Goren is an intense, extremely intelligent, and imposing man, but is also unpredictable and sometimes volatile. He appeared in 141 episodes.
Character overview
A highly intelligent, emotionally intuitive man, Goren has a talent for forming complex psychological profiles and understanding the "why" of even the most unusual crimes. While intellectually gifted, he has many personal demons, and his eccentricity and unconventional investigative methods sometimes rub his colleagues the wrong way. Goren himself has admitted his investigative style is unusual, stating that "I am an acquired taste". His partner, Alexandra Eames, was at first so puzzled by his methods that she asked for a new partner. She eventually came to respect his abilities, however, and the two became very close. On occasion, she makes 'apologies' to the people they question, as part of their investigations, for his 'style' and manner. In one episode, she notes 'the job' is pretty much all he does. Goren questions his own sanity while in a therapy
session [ordered by his superiors]. In the episode Gone (2005), about a child prodigy who later became a famous chess grand-master before going awry and committing murder, he tells the suspect's mother, regarding her explanation of her son's behavior, "That's not eccentricity; it's mental illness", and later tells Eames, upon the suspect's arrest, "See, that's what happens when you keep people from doing what they do best ... It makes them insane."
Fictional character biography
Personal and family life
Robert O. Goren was born on August 20, 1961, and grew up in the Canarsie neighborhood of Brooklyn, near The Rockaways. A phenomenally bright young man, he took the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory in his senior year of high school and was sent to speak with the school counselor and school psychiatrist as a result. He was an altar boy in the Roman Catholic Church.
Goren's mother Frances (Rita Moreno) first started showing symptoms of schizophrenia when Goren was seven years old. In later years, she is hospitalized at the fictional Carmel Ridge mental health facility. She is then diagnosed with lymphoma which eventually results in her death.
Goren is estranged from his older brother, Frank (Tony Goldwyn), a drug addict who also has a gambling problem and is depicted as being sometimes homeless. Frank has a son, Donny, who asks for help when he is incarcerated. To that end, Goren goes undercover in the prison's psychiatric ward and uncovers a culture of prisoner abuse. While he saves his nephe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-click | A double-click is the act of pressing a computer mouse button twice quickly without moving the mouse. Double-clicking allows two different actions to be associated with the same mouse button. It was developed by Bill Atkinson of Apple Computer (now Apple Inc.) for their Lisa project. Often, single-clicking selects (or highlights) an object, while a double-click executes the function associated with that object. Following a link in a modern web browser is accomplished with only a single click, requiring the use of a second mouse button, "click and hold" delay, or modifier key to gain access to actions other than following the link. On touchscreens, the double-click is called "double-tap"; it's not used as much as double-click, but typically it functions as a zoom feature. ("triple-tap" sometimes used to zoom the whole screen.)
On icons
On most systems, double-clicking an icon in the file manager will perform a default action on the object represented by the icon. Double-clicking an application program will launch the program, and double-clicking a file icon will open the file in a default application for that file's type or format.
On text
In many programs, double-clicking on text selects an entire word, and possibly other characters, as defined in word boundaries. (In X Window, it will also copy that piece of text into a buffer separate from the system clipboard, as with all selected text. The selected text is not also put into clipboard until an overt cut or copy action takes place. A person can retrieve the information from this buffer, which is not the system clipboard, later by pressing the middle mouse button.)
Difficulties
New mouse users or the elderly often have difficulty with double-clicking due to a need for specific fine motor skills. They may have trouble clicking fast enough or keeping the mouse still while double-clicking.
Solutions to this may include:
Click once to select and press Enter on keyboard (on Windows systems).
Using keyboard navigation instead of a mouse.
Configuring the system to use single clicks for actions usually associated with double-clicks.
Configuring the system to allow for more delay time between the two clicks for it to be registered as a double-click (See below for how to on several operating systems)
Remapping the double-click function to a single click on an additional button, for example the often unused middle button. This effectively creates a Unix style 3-button scheme of select/action/context.
To prevent the mouse from moving during a double-click, bracing the mouse by putting the thumb on the side of the mouse and the bottom of the hand on the bottom of the mouse.
In Windows, the threshold of movement can be increased by changing the associated registry keys in HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Control Panel/Mouse
Additionally, applications and operating systems will often not require the mouse to be completely still. Instead, they implement hysteresis, allowing for a small amount of movement between th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MovieBeam | MovieBeam was a video on demand service started by The Walt Disney Company, specifically its subsidiary Buena Vista Datacasting, LLC. Movies were sent wirelessly into the subscriber's home by embedding digital data (datacasting) within local Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) stations' analog TV (NTSC) broadcast to deliver the movies to a set-top box. The data was embedded using dNTSC technology licensed from Dotcast, and distributed to TV stations via National Datacast through the vertical blanking interval, the same method used to provide closed captioning. Up to ten new movies were delivered to the player each week. The player also contained free movie trailers, previews, and other extras.
The set-top box was sold for a one-time fee ($149.99 as of August 2007). The cost of viewing a movie varied from $1.99 for older movies in standard definition to $4.99 for newer releases in HD. Movie rentals expired 24 hours after the rental period began.
The box featured the highest-end connection hardware of the time, including HDMI, component video outputs, and coaxial and optical digital audio outputs. The box also had USB 2.0 and Ethernet ports, although these were not activated in the last release of the firmware. An HDMI or DVI-D connection was required to watch HD content in 720p resolution.
MovieBeam connected to the servers by telephone line to trigger billing of rented movies. The modem may or may not have worked with VOIP lines, depending on the quality of the connection.
Disney spun off this company in January 2006. Intel Corporation, Cisco, Disney and several venture capital firms including Intel Capital, Mayfield Fund, Norwest Venture Partners and Vantage Point Venture Partners had invested $48.5 million in MovieBeam.
On March 7, 2007, Movie Gallery, Inc., attempting to diversify beyond physical video rental, acquired MovieBeam, Inc. Movie Gallery at the time stated that the expected cost of acquisition, plus operating expenses for 2007, was $10 million.
On December 5, 2007, MovieBeam began calling its customers informing them that MovieBeam would be ceasing operations on December 15, 2007, and on that date MovieBeam officially shut down service.
As with most over-the-air paid television services, MovieBeam required a perfectly clear over-the-air signal in order to download the film data from the vertical blanking interval, and there was a possibility in a certain month that the MovieBeam customer would have no interest in any of the films offered (nor of extra or trailer content); though not wasting any digital bandwidth, it would then needlessly use energy to download unwatched content. Most viewers already received those stations through cable and satellite providers, which offered much more robust pay-per-view or video on demand services of film content, including from Disney. Presumably, cable services offering MovieBeam's channels were fully-compatible with MovieBeam and the MovieBeam set top box could download content that w |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usage%20share | Usage share may refer to:
Usage share of BitTorrent clients
Usage share of instant messaging clients
Usage share of operating systems
Usage share of web browsers
Usage share of web search engines
See also
Market share |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoradiopuhelin | ARP (Autoradiopuhelin, "car radio phone") was the first commercially operated public mobile phone network in Finland. The technology is zero-generation (0G), since although it had cells, moving between them was not seamless. The network was proposed in 1968 and building began in 1969. It was launched in 1971, and reached 100% geographic coverage in 1978 with 140 base stations. The ARP network was closed at the end of 2000 along with NMT-900.
ARP was a success and reached great popularity (10,800 users in the year 1977, with a peak of 35,560 in 1986), but the service eventually became too congested and was gradually replaced by the more modern NMT technology. However, ARP was the only mobile phone network with 100% percent coverage for some time thereafter, and it remained popular in many special user groups.
ARP operated on 150 MHz frequency (80 channels on 147.9 - 154.875 MHz band). Transmission power ranged from 1 watt to 5 watts. It first used only half-duplex transmission, meaning that receiving and transmitting voice could not happen at the same time. Later, full-duplex car phones were introduced. Being analog, it had no encryption and calls could be listened to with scanners. It started as a manually switched service, but was fully automated in 1990; however, by that time the number of subscribers had dwindled down to 980 users. ARP did not support handover, so calls would disconnect when moving to a new cell area. The cell size was approximately 30 km.
The first ARP mobile terminals were extremely large for the time and could only be fitted in cars' trunks, with a handset near the driver's seat. ARP was also expensive. In the 1990s, handhelds were introduced in ARP but they never became popular as more modern equipment was already available in other systems like NMT.
References
Mobile radio telephone systems |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spelunx | Spelunx and the Caves of Mr. Seudo is an educational computer game intended for young children developed by Cyan (now Cyan Worlds) in 1991.
Gameplay and plot
Spelunx is a first-person point-and-click adventure game. It is structured as a collection of rooms connected by a series of tunnels (accessed via elevator). Each room contains interactive mini-games and experiments, most of which introduce the player to a specific field of knowledge. A hidden control panel within the game allows for the rearrangement of the caves and other locations, and even for the expansion of the caves with the addition of newer rooms. Although it was the intention of Cyan to continue releasing new rooms over time for players to explore, this never occurred.
Although Spelunx contains a basic frame story (centered on the scientific endeavors of one Professor Spelunx and his willing assistant, Mr. Seudo), there is no other plot. Although the characters Professor Spelunx and Mr. Seudo are mentioned (and even depicted in-game) the player never meets them.
Development
It was designed by the brothers Robyn and Rand Miller (better known now as the creators of Myst). The game was programmed and implemented using HyperCard, with Robyn Miller hand-drawing all of the in-game graphics and scenery. The game's title was derived from the verb "to spelunk", referring to the act of exploring caves. It was intended to be explored and played with—like a toy—rather than completed or won.
Reception
Computer Gaming World stated that Spelunx would "provide hours of entertainment in a variety of ways for both children and adults".
Legacy
In 1993, following the release of Myst, Cyan produced a colorized version of Spelunx. Although the original monochrome version contained small amounts of color at specific locations or during specific events (utilizing MacroMind Player, a predecessor of Adobe Flash), this new version (colorized by artist Josh Staub) contained full-color scenery and animation (as well as a small easter egg: an image of Myst Island hidden within one of the original rooms).
More recently, the color version has been ported to Windows and released on the Steam digital distribution service as part of the Cyan Complete Pack, alongside other early Cyan titles (including Myst).
See also
The Manhole (1988)
Cosmic Osmo and the Worlds Beyond the Mackerel (1989)
References
External links
Entry for Spelunx at Home of the Underdogs
1991 video games
Children's educational video games
Cyan Worlds games
Classic Mac OS games
Monochrome video games
Video games developed in the United States
Video games scored by Robyn Miller
Windows games |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google%20File%20System | Google File System (GFS or GoogleFS, not to be confused with the GFS Linux file system) is a proprietary distributed file system developed by Google to provide efficient, reliable access to data using large clusters of commodity hardware. Google file system was replaced by Colossus in 2010.
Design
GFS is enhanced for Google's core data storage and usage needs (primarily the search engine), which can generate enormous amounts of data that must be retained; Google File System grew out of an earlier Google effort, "BigFiles", developed by Larry Page and Sergey Brin in the early days of Google, while it was still located in Stanford. Files are divided into fixed-size chunks of 64 megabytes, similar to clusters or sectors in regular file systems, which are only extremely rarely overwritten, or shrunk; files are usually appended to or read. It is also designed and optimized to run on Google's computing clusters, dense nodes which consist of cheap "commodity" computers, which means precautions must be taken against the high failure rate of individual nodes and the subsequent data loss. Other design decisions select for high data throughputs, even when it comes at the cost of latency.
A GFS cluster consists of multiple nodes. These nodes are divided into two types: one Master node and multiple Chunkservers. Each file is divided into fixed-size chunks. Chunkservers store these chunks. Each chunk is assigned a globally unique 64-bit label by the master node at the time of creation, and logical mappings of files to constituent chunks are maintained. Each chunk is replicated several times throughout the network. At default, it is replicated three times, but this is configurable. Files which are in high demand may have a higher replication factor, while files for which the application client uses strict storage optimizations may be replicated less than three times - in order to cope with quick garbage cleaning policies.
The Master server does not usually store the actual chunks, but rather all the metadata associated with the chunks, such as the tables mapping the 64-bit labels to chunk locations and the files they make up (mapping from files to chunks), the locations of the copies of the chunks, what processes are reading or writing to a particular chunk, or taking a "snapshot" of the chunk pursuant to replicate it (usually at the instigation of the Master server, when, due to node failures, the number of copies of a chunk has fallen beneath the set number). All this metadata is kept current by the Master server periodically receiving updates from each chunk server ("Heart-beat messages").
Permissions for modifications are handled by a system of time-limited, expiring "leases", where the Master server grants permission to a process for a finite period of time during which no other process will be granted permission by the Master server to modify the chunk. The modifying chunkserver, which is always the primary chunk holder, then propagates the changes t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IDMS | The Integrated Database Management System (IDMS) is a network model (CODASYL) database management system for mainframes. It was first developed at B.F. Goodrich and later marketed by Cullinane Database Systems (renamed Cullinet in 1983). Since 1989 the product has been owned by Computer Associates (now CA Technologies), who renamed it Advantage CA-IDMS and later simply to CA IDMS. In 2018 Broadcom acquired CA Technologies, renaming it back to IDMS.
History
The roots of IDMS go back to the pioneering database management system called Integrated Data Store (IDS), developed at General Electric by a team led by Charles Bachman and first released in 1964. In the early 1960s IDS was taken from its original form, by the computer group of the B.F. Goodrich Chemical Division, and re-written in a language called Intermediate System Language (ISL). ISL was designed as a portable system programming language able to produce code for a variety of target machines. Since ISL was actually written in ISL, it was able to be ported to other machine architectures with relative ease, and then to produce code that would execute on them.
The Chemical Division computer group had given some thought to selling copies of IDMS to other companies, but was told by management that they were not in the software products business. Eventually, a deal was struck with John Cullinane to buy the rights and market the product. Because Cullinane was required to remit royalties back to B.F. Goodrich, all add-on products were listed and billed as separate products – even if they were mandatory for the core IDMS product to work. This sometimes confused customers.
The original platforms were the GE 235 computer and GE DATANET-30 message switching computer: later the product was ported to IBM mainframes and to DEC and ICL hardware. The IBM-ported version runs on IBM mainframe systems (System/360, System/370, System/390, zSeries, System z9). In the mid-1980s, it was claimed that some 2,500 IDMS licenses had been sold. Users included the Strategic Air Command, Ford of Canada, Ford of Europe, Jaguar Cars, Clarks Shoes UK, AXA/PPP, MAPFRE, Royal Insurance, Tesco, Manulife, Hudson's Bay Company, Cleveland Clinic, Bank of Canada, General Electric, Aetna and BT in the UK.
A version for use on the Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-11 series of computers was sold to DEC and was marketed as DBMS-11. In 1976 the source code was licensed to ICL, who ported the software to run on their 2900 series mainframes, and subsequently also on the older 1900 range. ICL continued development of the software independently of Cullinane, selling the original ported product under the name ICL 2900 IDMS and an enhanced version as IDMSX. In this form it was used by many large UK users, an example being the Pay-As-You-Earn system operated by Inland Revenue. Many of these IDMSX systems for UK Government were still running in 2013.
In the early to mid-1980s, relational database management systems started to become |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GFS | GFS may refer to:
Computing
GFS2 (Global File System 2), in Linux
Global Forecast System, US weather prediction system
Google File System
Education
Garrison Forest School, in Owing Mills, Maryland, US
Germantown Friends School, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US
Griffith Film School, in Brisbane, Australia
Other uses
Genome-based peptide fingerprint scanning
GFS Projects (Geoff's Flying Saucer), a British aerospace company
Girls' Friendly Society
GlobalFoundries (Nasdaq: GFS), an American semiconductor manufacturing company
Glucose-fructose syrup, another name for high-fructose corn syrup
Government Flying Service, Hong Kong
Gordon Food Service, North America
Greek Font Society
Grounds For Sculpture, sculpture park and museum located in Hamilton, New Jersey, United States
Groupe Feministe Socialiste, a defunct French feminist group
George Floyd Square, a memorial in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
See also
GF (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let%27s%20Bowl | Let's Bowl is a scripted bowling game show that aired on the Comedy Central television network from 2001 to 2002 after a brief run on several TV stations across the U.S. in the mid-1990s, the first three being Minneapolis-St. Paul stations: KXLI-TV 41 (Now KPXM-TV), KLGT-TV 23 (now WUCW), and KARE channel 11.
Overview
Hosts Steve "Chopper" Sedahl (himself) and Wally Hotvedt (Rich Kronfeld) wore outfits and headsets reminiscent of sportscasters of the 1970s and early 1980s, and did play-by-play as contestants bowled against each other. Described as a cross between The People's Court and Bowling for Dollars, the show had participants play against each other to settle feuds and win nearly worthless prizes. For example, in the second 1998 episode, a player received merchandise for a radio station that had been defunct for two years. Gift certificates for Old Country Buffet were common that year. Another episode gave a foodservice-sized can of tuna to the runner up, while the winner received a 2 gallon consumer-strength jug of Roundup.
Two women known as the "Queen Pins" were on each show — while women are often used to provide visual stimuli in TV programs, these two acted differently, usually taunting the contestants as they tried to compete. Drew Jansen played unctuous Announcer/Musical Commentator Ernie Jansen (aka "Trip Stuyvesant" in the original pre-cable pilot). The pre-cable pilot was shot at Bryant-Lake Bowl in Minneapolis, and featured yet another host, played by John Brady. Brady's name in the pilot was "Ernie," but that name was transferred to Jansen when shooting resumed, primarily because the polyester jacket Brady sported with "Ernie" stitched on the lapel fit Jansen pretty much as well as it had Brady.
Another character in the show was "The Pig" played by Matt Sarazine. The original shows, pre-Comedy Central also featured "Butch the Janitor", played by Nick Schenk, and "Berni the Scorekeeper", played by Berni Sarazine. Schenk went on to become one of the writers for the Comedy Central episodes of Let's Bowl and also wrote the screenplay for the film Gran Torino.
The show also included a halftime performance by a local musical band, most notably Ruth Adams and the World's Most Dangerous Polka Band, a fixture from northeast Minneapolis. It would be followed by a special "Inside Bowling" segment where Chopper and Wally interviewed unusual people and participated in bizarre escapades. Michael J. Nelson of Mystery Science Theater 3000 (also produced locally in the Twin Cities) fame was one of the writers for the show, both in 1998 and during the run on Comedy Central (though possibly only for the pilot).
The series was filmed in several different bowling alleys in the Twin Cities. Outside of the region, the 1998 season was carried on stations in markets such as Reno, Nevada; Madison, Wisconsin; and Chicago, Illinois.
Bowling centers used
Bryant-Lake Bowl, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Chanhassen Lanes, Chanhassen, Minnesota (Closed)
Star |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandal%20Hearts | Vandal Hearts, known in Japan as is a turn-based tactical role-playing video game developed by Konami Computer Entertainment Tokyo for the PlayStation and later ported to the Sega Saturn by Konami Computer Entertainment Nagoya. The PlayStation version was distributed in Japan, North America, and Europe. The Saturn version was only released in Japan. There was also a Microsoft Windows version which was released only in Japan and South Korea, with Software renderer and Direct3D Support.
The game spawned a sequel, Vandal Hearts II, also for the PlayStation. A prequel, Vandal Hearts: Flames of Judgment was created for the PlayStation Network and Xbox Live Arcade. In 2004, Konami announced a Vandal Hearts game for the Nintendo DS, but it was later cancelled.
Plot
The descendants and heirs of the holy man Toroah the Messiah assumed absolute political power over the continent of Sostegaria, forming the basis of the Holy Ashah Dynasty and ruling through a combination of religious doctrine and military power for millennia. As time passed, the citizenry began to resent their leaders, and Arris the Sage united the anti-royal factions into a guerrilla army. This Liberation Army outwitted and outmaneuvered the Royal Army, and finally burned down the palace of the Ashah Dynasty. With the monarchy dissolved, the rebels established a ruling council founded on the principles of democracy and popular sovereignty, forming the Republic of Ishtaria. The leaders of the revolution assumed leadership positions, except for Arris himself, who disappeared.
The fledgling republic is in increasingly dire straits: the autocratic Minister of Defense, Hel Spites, and his elite anti-terrorism squad, the Crimson Guard, use ever-increasing force to stamp out resistance to Ishtarian rule, while they allow outlaws to roam the countryside and pirates to sail the seas. Ash Lambert and his colleagues at the third battalion of the Ishtarian Security Forces suspect a conspiracy at the highest levels of government.
Ash, Diego Renault and Clint Picard pose as merchants and find trade routes are being disrupted by bandits backed by corrupt politicians. A riot in the Dover District of the capital Shumeria is started by former nobles of the Ashah Dynasty. Ash, Diego, and Clint convince the rioters to surrender, but The Crimson Guard kills all of them but Count Claymore, the leader. Ash is outraged, but his superior Clive convinces him to back off. Dolf Crowley, a representative from the Young Revolutionary Party, gives Ash a secret mission to find out what happened to General Magnus Dunbar, who disappeared three months ago on a mission on Gilbaris Island. While passing through the ruins of the Ashah Dynasty's castle, Ash, Clint and Diego encounter Eleni Dunbar, adoptive daughter of General Magnus. She and her manservant Huxley Hobbes join Ash. An archer named Kira also joins the band.
Grog Drinkwater takes them to Gilbaris Island, where the people are zombies and evil statues. After t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JETCO | JETCO (), officially Joint Electronic Teller Services Limited () is a network of automatic teller machines in Hong Kong and Macau.
History
JETCO was founded by the Hong Kong Branch of the Bank of China (now Bank of China (Hong Kong)) in 1982 along with the Bank of East Asia, Chekiang First Bank, Shanghai Commercial Bank and Wing Lung Bank, and at present covers which uses a separate system known as ETC (易通財).
JETCO connects with the UnionPay network in Mainland China: JETCO cardholders can withdraw RMB cash at UnionPay machines in a number of major cities in Mainland China, while UnionPay cardholders can withdraw HK$ cash (no more than HK$5,000 per day) at JETCO machines in Hong Kong. However, after 1 January 2006, JETCO cardholders can no longer withdraw cash at UnionPay ATMs in Mainland since JETCO and UnionPay could not reach an agreement. Bank of East Asia has now linked its mainland ATMs to the JETCO network to allow users of the JETCO network to withdraw RMB cash on the mainland and mainland-based banks and others in Hong Kong have linked their ATMs in Hong Kong to the UnionPay network. Additionally, many banks in Hong Kong now issue UnionPay debit and credit cards for mainland use.
Members
JETCO is the primary network of the following banks listed below:
Hong Kong
Bank of China (Hong Kong)
Bank of Communications
Bank of Communications Hong Kong Branch
Bank of East Asia
China Construction Bank (Asia)
China Merchants Bank
Chiyu Banking Corporation
Chong Hing Bank
Citibank (Hong Kong)
CITIC Ka Wah Bank
Dah Sing Bank
DBS Bank
Fubon Bank
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (Asia)
Nanyang Commercial Bank
Public Bank (Hong Kong)
Shanghai Commercial Bank
Standard Chartered Hong Kong
OCBC Wing Hang Bank
Wing Lung Bank
Macau
Banco Comercial de Macau
Banco Nacional Ultramarino
Banco Weng Hang
China Construction Bank
Bank of China
Luso International Bank
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (Macau)
Tai Fung Bank
See also
ATM usage fees
External links
Official homepage
Financial services companies established in 1982
Banks of Hong Kong
Banks of Macau
Interbank networks
Bank of China
Banks established in 1982
1982 establishments in Hong Kong |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational%20economics | Computational economics is an interdisciplinary research discipline that involves computer science, economics, and management science. This subject encompasses computational modeling of economic systems. Some of these areas are unique, while others established areas of economics by allowing robust data analytics and solutions of problems that would be arduous to research without computers and associated numerical methods.
Computational methods have been applied in various fields of economics research, including but not limiting to:
Econometrics: Non-parametric approaches, semi-parametric approaches, and machine learning.
Dynamic systems modeling: Optimization, dynamic stochastic general equilibrium modeling, and agent-based modeling.
History
Computational economics developed concurrently with the mathematization of the field. During the early 20th century, pioneers such as Jan Tinbergen and Ragnar Frisch advanced the computerization of economics and the growth of econometrics. As a result of advancements in Econometrics, regression models, hypothesis testing, and other computational statistical methods became widely adopted in economic research. On the theoretical front, complex macroeconomic models, including the real business cycle (RBC) model and dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models have propelled the development and application of numerical solution methods that rely heavily on computation. In the 21st century, the development of computational algorithms created new means for computational methods to interact with economic research. Innovative approaches such as machine learning models and agent-based modeling have been actively explored in different areas of economic research, offering economists an expanded toolkit that frequently differs in character from traditional methods.
Applications
Agent based modelling
Computational economics uses computer-based economic modeling to solve analytically and statistically formulated economic problems. A research program, to that end, is agent-based computational economics (ACE), the computational study of economic processes, including whole economies, as dynamic systems of interacting agents. As such, it is an economic adaptation of the complex adaptive systems paradigm. Here the "agent" refers to "computational objects modeled as interacting according to rules," not real people. Agents can represent social, biological, and/or physical entities. The theoretical assumption of mathematical optimization by agents in equilibrium is replaced by the less restrictive postulate of agents with bounded rationality adapting to market forces, including game-theoretical contexts. Starting from initial conditions determined by the modeler, an ACE model develops forward through time driven solely by agent interactions. The scientific objective of the method is to test theoretical findings against real-world data in ways that permit empirically supported theories to cumulate over time.
M |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa%20Public%20Radio | Iowa Public Radio is non-profit entity that operates a radio network in the U.S. state of Iowa that combines the operations of the National Public Radio member stations. They broadcast programs from National Public Radio, Public Radio Exchange and American Public Media, along with local content (notably music) on weekends and evenings.
The network is headquartered in Des Moines, with studios on the ISU campus in Ames, the University of Iowa campus in Iowa City and the UNI campus in Cedar Falls.
History
For many years, Iowa's three state universities each operated their own set of radio stations, each with slightly different program offerings and coverage areas. The three universities competed somewhat as each station sought to expand its coverage area. In late 2004, the Iowa Board of Regents, which governs the three universities, voted to merge the three radio operations, to consolidate operations. The first network to launch was a "News and Information" service in January 2007, followed by a Classical service in September 2007. Nighttime adult alternative music programming that had already aired on several stations, such as "Night Music" and KUNI's "Live from Studio One", was expanded into a third full service called "Studio One". This matches the network structures maintained by Minnesota Public Radio and Wisconsin Public Radio, which also separate their stations into different networks.
Iowa Public Radio includes WOI and WOI-FM at Iowa State University, WSUI and KSUI at the University of Iowa, and KUNI and KHKE at the University of Northern Iowa. The operations have combined revenues of about $7 million annually and about 60 employees.
Since IPR came into existence decades after FM became popular, the dial was already full in most areas, limiting the potential for new stations and leading to inconsistent coverage. Some cities can receive several IPR stations, while areas of western and southern Iowa can only receive grade B coverage from one of the network's two AM stations during the daytime. This has resulted in ten of IPR's fifteen fully licensed stations carrying a mix of services.
Since its debut, the IPR network has made it a priority to expand its services in western and southern Iowa. Pending applications for new stations would add service in western Iowa, although other organizations are also competing for those frequencies. In addition, eight construction permits have been issued for new stations, many of which will add coverage in southern Iowa. On March 21, 2008, KUNZ in Ottumwa became the IPR network's first new station to begin broadcasting. IPR has since signed on a second Ottumwa station.
In 2008, IPR shut down the individual station web sites, all of which redirect to iowapublicradio.org.
In 2000, The Iowa Board of Regents ended financing of IPR and in 2022 approved the transfer of station licenses to IPR.
Board of directors
Iowa Public Radio is governed by a board of eighteen community directors. Meetings and th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VSI%20BASIC%20for%20OpenVMS | VSI BASIC for OpenVMS is the latest name for a dialect of the BASIC programming language created by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) and now owned by VMS Software Incorporated (VSI). It was originally developed as BASIC-PLUS in the 1970s for the RSTS-11 operating system on the PDP-11 minicomputer. It was later ported to OpenVMS, first on VAX, then Alpha, and most recently Integrity.
Past names for the product include: BASIC-PLUS, Basic Plus 2 (BP2 or BASIC-Plus-2), VAX BASIC, DEC BASIC, Compaq BASIC for OpenVMS and HP BASIC for OpenVMS. Multiple variations of the titles noting the hardware platform (VAX, AlphaServer, etc.) also exist.
Notable features
VSI BASIC has many FORTRAN-like extensions, as well as supporting the original Dartmouth BASIC matrix operators.
Line numbers are optional, unless the "ERL" function is present. It allows you to write "WHEN ERROR" error handlers around protected statements. The more traditional but less elegant "ON ERROR" statement lacks such context or scope.
One of VSI BASIC's more noteworthy features is built-in support for OpenVMS's powerful Record Management Services (RMS). Before the release VAX BASIC, native RMS support was only available in DEC's COBOL compiler.
History
The VSI BASIC for OpenVMS product history spans a period of more than 30 years, and it has gone through many name and ownership changes in that time. It has also been ported to a succession of new platforms as they were developed by DEC, Compaq, HP and VSI. The company and/or platform name has often been included in the product name, contributing to the proliferation of names.
BASIC-PLUS
VSI BASIC began as BASIC-PLUS, created by DEC for their RSTS-11 operating system and PDP-11 minicomputer. Programming language statements could either be typed into the command interpreter directly, or entered into a text editor, saved to a file, and then loaded into the command interpreter from the file. Errors in source code were reported to the user immediately after the line was entered.
Programs were stored as a source file, using the "SAVE" command. It could be "compiled" into a non-editable binary file, using the "COMPILE" command. This command did not produce true machine language programs, but rather a byte code called "tokens". The tokens were interpreted upon execution, in a manner similar to the more modern Java.
Programs were entered into the command interpreter starting with line numbers, integers from 1 to 32767. Lines could be continued onto multiple lines by using a line feed character. For ease of external editing of the source file, later versions of BASIC-PLUS also allowed the & character as a line-continuation character. Multiple statements could be placed on a single line using as the statement separator.
For PDP-11 systems with virtual memory (RSTS/E), address space was limited to about 64 KB. With BASIC-PLUS, about half of this was used by the combined command interpreter and run-time library. This limite |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum%20Flowers | Vacuum Flowers is a science fiction novel by American writer Michael Swanwick, published in 1987. It is an early example of the cyberpunk genre, and features one of the earliest uses of the concept of wetware.
Plot summary
The protagonist of the novel is Rebel Elizabeth Mudlark, the recorded personality of a dead woman which has become the property of a corporation that intends to sell it as entertainment. Rebel escapes by taking over the body of Eucrasia Walsh, a woman who rents herself out for temporary testing of new wetware programming. While escaping the corporation Eucrasia's latent personality is beginning to reassert itself.
Rebel's adventures take her throughout the widely colonised Solar System. She initially lives in canister worlds orbiting the Sun in a trojan orbit, where she sometimes works removing bioengineered weeds (vacuum flowers, the space-tolerant flora of the title) from the canisters' exterior ports. Since the recording omits most of her memories, she must rely on strangers to help her survive, though she cannot trust any of them. Rebel meets and falls in love with Wyeth, a leader whose personality was reprogrammed into a team of four complementary personas. Together they form an uneasy alliance with The Comprise, the hive mind which rules Earth, and encounter Dysonworlders, who live on genetically engineered artificial comets (Dyson trees).
Sources
External links
1987 American novels
1987 science fiction novels
American science fiction novels
Biopunk novels
Cyberpunk novels
Hive minds in fiction
Novels about genetic engineering
Novels by Michael Swanwick |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLP%20%28disambiguation%29 | OLP may refer to:
One Liberty Plaza
Off-line programming (robotics)
Our Lady Peace, a Canadian alternative rock band
Our Lady of Peace (disambiguation)
OLP Guitars
Ontario Liberal Party, a provincial political party in Ontario, Canada
Royal Mail Online Postage, a service provided by Royal Mail in the UK
Ordinal linguistic personification, the sense that ordered sequences have personalities
Open License Program, a Microsoft volume license service
Oral lichen planus of the oral mucosa
Places
Old Loggers Path, Pennsylvania, USA
Olympic Dam Airport (IATA airport code: OLP) in South Australia
Olp, a village within Sort municipal term, Pallars Sobirà, Spain
See also |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed%20Zafar%20Iqbal | Muhammed Zafar Iqbal (; ; born 23 December 1952) is a Bangladeshi science fiction author, physicist, academic, activist and former professor of computer science and engineering and former head of the department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at Shahjalal University of Science and Technology (SUST). He achieved his PhD from University of Washington. After working 18 years as a scientist at California Institute of Technology and Bell Communications Research, he returned to Bangladesh and joined Shahjalal University of Science and Technology as a professor of Computer Science and Engineering. He retired from his teaching profession in October 2018. He is considered one of Bangladesh's top science fiction writers.
Early life and education
Muhammed Zafar Iqbal was born on 23 December 1952 in Sylhet of the then East Pakistan. His father, Faizur Rahman Ahmed, was a police officer who was killed in the Liberation War of Bangladesh. His mother was Ayesha Akhter Khatun. He spent his childhood in different parts of Bangladesh because of the transferring nature of his father's job. His elder brother, Humayun Ahmed, was a prominent writer and filmmaker. His younger brother, Ahsan Habib, is a cartoonist who is serving as the editor of the satirical magazine, Unmad. He has three sisters - Sufia Haider, Momtaz Shahid and Rukhsana Ahmed.
Iqbal passed the SSC exam from Bogra Zilla School in 1968 and the HSC exam from Dhaka College in 1970. He earned his bachelor's and master's in physics from the University of Dhaka in 1976 and then went to the University of Washington to earn his Ph.D. in 1982.
Career
Academic
After obtaining his PhD degree, Iqbal worked as a post-doctoral researcher at California Institute of Technology (Caltech) from 1983 to 1988 (mainly on Norman Bridge Laboratory of Physics). He then joined Bell Communications Research (Bellcore), a separate corporation from the Bell Labs (now Telcordia Technologies), as a research scientist. He left the institute in 1994.
Upon returning to Bangladesh, Iqbal joined the faculty of the CSE department at SUST.
Iqbal serves as the vice president of Bangladesh Mathematical Olympiad committee. He played a leading role in founding the Bangladesh Mathematical Olympiad and popularized mathematics among Bangladeshi youths at local and international level. In 2011, he won the Rotary SEED Award for his contribution in the field of education.
On 26 November 2013, Iqbal and his wife professor Haque applied for resignation soon after the university authority had postponed the combined admission test for the SUST and Jashore University of Science Technology. However they withdrew their resignation letters on the next day after the authority decided to go on with holding combined admission tests.
To make the NCTB text book "easy" and "learner friendly", in November 2017, there was a new revision of the secondary education class 9-10 text books for 2018, whose six books were revised under Iqbal and Mohammad |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyushu%20Expressway | (Asian Highway Network ) is one of the Expressways of Japan from Kitakyūshū (and the bridge to Honshū) to west of Kagoshima linking with the Higashikyushu Expressway and the Ibusuki Skyline. It runs through the prefectures of Fukuoka, the eastern half of the Saga, Kumamoto, Miyazaki (Ebino only) and the Kagoshima prefectures. The freeway runs entirely on the island of Kyūshū. The total length is 346.2 km. It does not cover Ōita or Nagasaki.
History
June 30, 1971, a section from Ueki to Kumamoto was opened to traffic
October 21, 1972, a section from Nankan to Ueki opened to traffic
November 16, 1973, Tosu Interchange and Junction to Nankan was opened to traffic
December 13, 1973, Kajiki Interchange to Satsuma-Yoshida was opened to traffic
March 13, 1975, Koga Interchange to Tosu Junction was opened to traffic
March 4, 1976, Ebuno Junction with the Miyazaki Expressway to Ebuno Interchange was opened.
November 26, 1976, The section was opened to traffic from Kumatoto to Mifune Interchanges
November 29, 1976, a section from Mizobe Kagoshimna Airport to Kajiki Interchanges was opened
July 21, 1977, a section from Wakamiya to Koga was open to traffic
November 15, 1977, a section from Satsuma-Yoshida to Kagoshima-Kita Interchanges was opened
December 15, 1978, a section from Mifune to Matsubase Interchanges was opened
March 8, 1979, a section from Wakamiya to Yahata Interchanges was opened
March 12, 1980, a section from Matsubase to Yatsushiro Interchanges was opened
March 22, 1980 a section from Kurino to Mizobe-Kagoshima Airport was opened
October 1, 1981, a section from Ebuno Junction to Kurino Interchange opened made that section ran from Ebuno to Kagoshima-Kita interchanges that time
March 27, 1984, a section from Moji to Kokura-Higashi was opened which made access to the bridge with Honshū
March 28, 1985, the Tosu Junction in the west was opened.
February 5, 1987, the Tosu Junction in the east was opened.
March 29, 1988, a section from Kagoshima-Kita to Kagoshima was opened with an interchange with the expressway.
March 31, 1988, a section from Kokura-Higashi to Yahata was opened to traffic
October 19, 1988, a section in the Kagoshima Interchange with the Minami Kyushu Expressway was opened
December 7, 1989, a section from Yatsushiro to Hitoyoshi was opened to traffic
March 25, 1992, a section in the Kajiki Interchange with the road was opened
March 31, 1993, the Shin-Moji Interchange was opened
July 27, 1995, a section from Hitoyoshi to Ebuno was opened to traffic which made the Kyushu Expressway from Moji to Kagoshima fully accessible with no gaps.
April 20, 1998, the Yatsushiro Junction was opened to traffic with another freeway
December 19, 2001, Kajiki Junction was opened to traffic
December 12, 2004, the tunnel from Hitoyoshi to Ebino Interchanges which made Kyushu Expressway with four lanes now being connected with no gaps
February 26, 2006, Kitakyushu Junction was opened to traffic with another freeway
M |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strela%20computer | Strela computer () was the first mainframe vacuum-tube computer manufactured serially in the Soviet Union, beginning in 1953.
Overview
This first-generation computer had 6200 vacuum tubes and 60,000 semiconductor diodes.
Strela's speed was 2000 operations per second. Its floating-point arithmetic was based on 43-bit floating point words, with a signed 35-bit mantissa and a signed 6-bit exponent.
Operative Williams tube memory (RAM) had 2048 words. It also used read-only semiconductor diode memory for programs. It used punched cards or magnetic tape for data input and magnetic tape, punched cards and/or wide printer for data. The last version of Strela used a 4096-word magnetic drum, rotating at 6000 rpm.
While Yuri Bazilevsky was officially Strela's chief designer, Bashir Rameyev, who developed the project prior to Bazilevsky's appointment, could be considered its main inventor. Strela was constructed at the Special Design Bureau 245 (Argon R&D Institute since 1986) in Moscow.
Strelas were manufactured by the Moscow Plant of Computing-Analytical Machines (счетно-аналитических машин) during 1953–1957; 7 copies were manufactured. They were installed in the Computing Centre of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Moscow State University, and in computing centres of some ministries related to defense and economic planning.
In 1954, the designers of Strela were awarded the Stalin Prize of 1st degree (Bashir Rameyev, Yu. Bazilevsky, V. Alexandrov, D. Zhuchkov, I. Lygin, G. Markov, B. Melnikov, G. Prokudayev, N. Trubnikov, A. Tsygankin, Yu. Shcherbakov, L. Larionova).
The impetus for the development of Strela was a BBC broadcast heard by Bashir Rameyev about the American development of ENIAC.
See also
History of computer hardware in Eastern Bloc countries
List of vacuum-tube computers
References
Further reading
External links
Strela Computer, Russian Virtual Computer Museum
Architecture and computer code of Strela computer, Alexander Savvateev, Russian Virtual Computer Museum
Mainframe computers
Vacuum tube computers
Ministry of Radio Industry (USSR) computers
1950s computers
Computer-related introductions in 1953
1953 in the Soviet Union
Soviet inventions |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BESM%20%28disambiguation%29 | BESM is a line of Soviet-made mainframe computers.
BESM may also refer to:
BESm (N1, N12-bis(ethyl)spermine), a derivative of spermine
Best estimate stress model, a method for estimating rock stress in rock mechanics
Big Eyes, Small Mouth, a role-playing game |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPC | PPC may refer to:
Computing
Personal programmable calculator, programmable calculators for personal use
Pay-per-click, an internet advertising model
PearPC, a PowerPC platform emulator
Peercoin, a peer-to-peer cryptocurrency
Peripheral pin controller, a feature present in the StrongARM CPU family that controls IO ports
Pocket PC, Microsoft's specification for handheld devices
ZEOS PPC, an early MS-DOS 5.0-based palmtop PC by ZEOS
PowerPC, a microprocessor architecture
Protected procedure call, a messaging facility in computer operating systems
Business and economics
Presbyterian Publishing Corporation, a publishing agency of the American Presbyterian Church
Production Possibility Curve, a graph that shows the different quantities of two goods that an economy could efficiently produce with limited productive resources
Prompt Payment Code, a voluntary code of practice for businesses
Public Power Corporation (Δημόσια Επιχείρηση Ηλεκτρισμού), a Greek electric power company
Practitioners Publishing Company, an imprint of Thomson Reuters Tax & Accounting
Engineering and construction
PPC Ltd., a South African cement producer
PPC worldwide, a U.S.-based manufacturer of connector technology for the telecommunications, broadcast and wireless industries
Partially premixed combustion, a modern combustion process intended to be used in internal combustion engines
Powered parachute or paraplane, a type of aircraft
Politics
, the Costa Rican People's Party
, a regional political party in Nicaragua
(Christian People's Party), a Peruvian political party
, the Catalan branch of People's Party, Spain
Party for Progress and Concord, Rwanda
People's Party of Canada, a conservative party founded by Maxime Bernier
Peoples Planning Campaign (People's Plan Campaign), the Kerala experiment in decentralisation of powers to local governments
Pirate Party of Canada
Poor People's Campaign founded by Martin Luther King Jr.
Prospective parliamentary candidate, a role in politics in the United Kingdom
Science
4-Phenyl-4-(1-piperidinyl)cyclohexanol, an organic chemical
Pediatric Prehospital Care, an educational program offered by the National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians
Polypropylene carbonate, a plastic
Posterior parietal cortex, an association area involved in the integration of sensory information from multiple modalities
Sports and entertainment
6mm PPC (Palmisano & Pindel Cartridge), a family of centerfire rifle cartridges for benchrest shooting sports
Particle projection cannon, a fictional weapon in the BattleTech universe
Peg + Cat, a TV series
Police Pistol Combat, a type of target shooting competition
Ppc Racing, a defunct NASCAR team
Psychedelic Porn Crumpets, a rock band from Australia
Other uses
Pakistan Penal Code
Petits Propos Culinaires, a journal of food studies and history
Prior Park College, a Catholic private school in Bath, England
See also
PPC-1 (Pipe Pacific Cable), an international commu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha%20strike | Alpha strike may refer to:
Alpha strike (engineering), when an alpha particle enters and causes damage to the data contained in a computer processor
Alpha strike (gaming), a massive, all-out attack, as in a tabletop wargame
Alpha strike (United States Navy), a large air attack by an aircraft carrier air wing |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nightline%20%28Australian%20TV%20program%29 | Nightline was an Australian late-night news bulletin television program produced by Nine News for Nine Network. Introduced in 1985 as a 5-minute late-night news summary before becoming a 30-minute bulletin in 1992, it was cancelled in 2008, then was brought back in 2009 before it was cancelled again in July 2010. It aired at around on weeknights, but was not shown in Perth or Adelaide. Nightline was previously presented by Kellie Sloane. Its main competitors were Ten Late News and Sports Tonight and ABC News's Lateline, both of which aired prior to Nightline at .
The series was patterned after the version that airs on ABC (US), but that one is different from the Australian counterpart even though at one point both versions used the same opening graphics, which both no longer use.
History
In 2007, Nightline was also broadcast at 10:30pm on Nine HD, an hour before it was broadcast on Nine SD. This only lasted for a short period of time, however.
Nightline was axed on Friday 25 July 2008 due to budget constraints as part of Nine's news and current affairs division. Wendy Kingston presented the final edition.
In May 2009 during the major expansion to the Nine News brand, Nine's Late News bulletin was re-introduced into the 11:30pm time slot left vacant by Nightline. Nine's Late News, presented by Wendy Kingston, was first broadcast on Monday 4 May 2009.
In November 2009, Nine's Late News was re-launched as Nightline. However, after declining audience numbers due to increasing sporting commitments with televising Friday night NRL (in the northern states) and Wimbledon in June 2010, the Nine Network permanently retired Nightline. It was replaced with sporting telecasts and more "youth" programming that is borrowed from sister networks GO! and GEM, including the continuing of national-produced comprehensive half-hourly news updates presented by reporters who are on shift and is produced from the Willoughby news studios, if reporters are from Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide or Perth must travel to Sydney to present the news updates. Nine offered Kellie Sloane a redundancy package.
Presenters
At the time of Nightline's 2010 axing, the presenters were:
News: Kellie Sloane
Weather: Jaynie Seal (Fridays)
At the time of Nightline's 2008 axing, the presenters were:
News: Michael Usher (Monday to Thursday) and Allison Langdon (Friday)
Sport: Stephanie Brantz
Weather: Jaynie Seal and Mike Bailey
The past presenters of Nightline are:
1992–2001: Jim Waley – former Sky News Australia presenter, now retired
2001–2004: Hugh Riminton – now with 10 News First
2004–2005: Helen Kapalos – now a freelance journalist, and currently the Chairperson of the Victorian Multicultural Commission
2005–2006: Ellen Fanning – now no longer with the Nine Network, but still a part-time reporter with 60 Minutes and main presenter for The Drum on the ABC
2006–2008: Michael Usher – now the presenter of The Latest: Seven News on Mondays to Thursdays, as well as the Friday |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20%28Star%20Trek%3A%20Enterprise%29 | "United" is the 13th episode of the fourth season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: Enterprise and the 89th episode overall. It was first broadcast on the UPN network on February 4, 2005. It is the second of a three-part story which included the previous episode "Babel One", and the following episode, "The Aenar". "United" was written by Judith and Garfield Reeves-Stevens from a story idea by show runner Manny Coto. It was directed by David Livingston, his third of the season.
Set in the 22nd century, the series follows the adventures of the first Starfleet starship Enterprise, registration NX-01. In this episode, two of the crew are trapped on the Romulan drone ship while Captain Jonathan Archer (Scott Bakula) on the Enterprise attempts to gain the co-operation of the Andorians and Tellarites in tracking down the drone. His plan is complicated when Commander Shran (Jeffrey Combs) challenges a Tellarite to a duel, causing Archer to step in. After he defeats Shran, the races work together and force the retreat of the Romulan vessel and the missing crewman are recovered.
The episode was filmed over seven days, reusing the standing sets and those created for the previous episode. The duel was choreographed by Vince Deadrick Jr., and the Ushaan-Tor weapon itself was created by Dan Curry. "United" was watched by 2.81 million viewers on the first broadcast. Critics responded favourably to the episode, comparing it to the Star Trek: The Original Series episode "Amok Time" and the Andorians' actions to those of Klingons elsewhere in the franchise. The episode was Emmy Award nominated for makeup.
Plot
"United" continues from the events in "Babel One". On Romulus, Admiral Valdore (Brian Thompson), Romulan scientist Nijil (J. Michael Flynn), and their pilot continue to control the mysterious "marauder", cloaking it to look like Enterprise and then using it to destroy a Rigelian vessel. Despite this success, Senator Vrax (Geno Silva) chastises them for losing full control of their drone since Commander Charles "Trip" Tucker III (Connor Trinneer) and Lieutenant Malcolm Reed (Dominic Keating) are still on board. Valdore and Nijil then work to trap Tucker inside a service junction as he attempts to divert power. After incapacitating him with leaked radiation coolant, Valdore then orders Reed to re-establish the damaged warp matrix on the drone or see his crewmate die. Reed complies in order to rescue Tucker.
Meanwhile, aboard Enterprise, Commander T'Pol (Jolene Blalock) and Ensign Travis Mayweather (Anthony Montgomery) devise a surveillance grid that will require the coordinated effort of 128 spaceships. After seeking help from Earth and Vulcan, Captain Jonathan Archer (Scott Bakula) realizes that he will need to obtain Andorian and Tellarite support too. Archer's attempt hits a snag when Lieutenant Talas dies from the phaser wound sustained earlier. A devastated Commander Shran (Jeffrey Combs) openly challenges Naarg (Kevin Brief |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slippage%20%28finance%29 | With regard to futures contracts as well as other financial instruments, slippage is the difference between where the computer signaled the entry and exit for a trade and where actual clients, with actual money, entered and exited the market using the computer's signals. Market impact, liquidity, and frictional costs may also contribute.
Algorithmic trading is often used to reduce slippage, and algorithms can be backtested on past data to see the effects of slippage, but it is impossible to eliminate.
Measurement
Using initial mid price
Nassim Nicholas Taleb (1997) defines slippage as the difference between the average execution price and the initial midpoint of the bid and the offer for a given quantity to be executed.
Using initial execution price
Knight and Satchell mention a flow trader needs to consider the effect of executing a large order on the market and to adjust the bid-ask spread accordingly. They calculate the liquidity cost as the difference between the execution price and the initial execution price.
Example
The associated image depicts the Level II (Market Depth) quotes of the SPY ETF (Exchange-Traded Fund) at a given instant in time.
The left hand side of the image contains the market depth for the current BID prices and the right hand side of the image contains the market depth for the current ASK prices. Each side of the image contains three columns:
MM Name: the Market Maker name column
Price: the "market depth" price
Size: the number of shares at this price level (represented in hundreds). So, 2 actually means 200 shares.
The top left of the image represents the current BID price ($151.07) and the top right of the image represents the current ASK price ($151.08). At the $151.07 bid price point, there are 300 shares available (200 by the ARCA Market Maker and 100 by the DRCTEDGE). At the $151.08 ask price point, there are 3900 shares available (2800 by the ARCA Market Maker and 1100 by the BATS Market Maker). This is typically represented in quote form as: $151.07 X 300 by $151.08 X 3900).
To properly understand slippage, let's use the following example: Say, you (as a trader) wanted to purchase 20,000 shares of SPY right now. The problem here is that the current ASK price of $151.08 only contains 3900 shares being offered for sale, but you want to purchase 20,000 shares. If you need to purchase those shares now, then you must use a market order and you will incur slippage by doing so. Using a market order to purchase your 20,000 shares would yield the following executions (assuming no hidden orders in the market depth):
Buy 2800 @ $151.08
Buy 1100 @ $151.08
Buy 3800 @ $151.09
Buy 900 @ $151.10
Buy 3700 @ $151.11
Buy 1200 @ $151.12
Buy 3700 @ $151.13
Buy 200 @ $151.14
Buy 1000 @ $151.15
Buy 400 @ $151.18
Buy 100 @ $151.22
Buy 600 @ $151.24
Buy 500 @ $151.25 (only 500 shares out of the 2000 being offered at this price point are executed, because this will represent our entire 20,000 share or |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Hourigan | Jack Hourigan (born August 14, 1968, in Burlington, Ontario, Canada) is a playwright, actress, and co-host of the show How to Boil Water on the Food Network with Tyler Florence. Prior to that experience, she was an original cast member of Second City Cleveland.
Filmography
(2004) Christmas at Maxwell's
(2003) American Splendor
(2003) The Line of Masculinity
(2010) Unnatural History
External links
Bio on the Food Network
1968 births
American television personalities
Male television personalities
Actresses from Cleveland
Actresses from Ontario
Living people
People from Burlington, Ontario
21st-century American women |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/28th%20Daytime%20Emmy%20Awards | The 28th Daytime Emmy Awards were held in 2001 to commemorate excellence in daytime programming from the previous year
(2000). As the World Turns tied with General Hospital for the most Daytime Emmys won in a single year, with a total of eight.
Winners in each category are in bold.
Outstanding Drama Series
All My Children
As the World Turns
General Hospital
The Young and the Restless
Outstanding Actor in a Drama Series
Peter Bergman (Jack Abbott, The Young and the Restless)
David Canary (Adam Chandler & Stuart Chandler, All My Children)
Tom Eplin (Jake McKinnon, As the World Turns)
Jon Hensley (Holden Snyder, As the World Turns)
John McCook (Eric Forrester, The Bold and the Beautiful)
Outstanding Actress in a Drama Series
Julia Barr (Brooke English, All My Children)
Martha Byrne (Lily Snyder & Rose D'Angelo, As the World Turns)
Susan Flannery (Stephanie Forrester, The Bold and the Beautiful)
Susan Lucci (Erica Kane, All My Children)
Marcy Walker (Liza Colby, All My Children)
Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series
Hunt Block (Craig Montgomery, As the World Turns)
Josh Duhamel (Leo du Pres, All My Children)
Benjamin Hendrickson (Hal Munson, As the World Turns)
Michael E. Knight (Tad Martin, All My Children)
Michael Park (Jack Snyder, As the World Turns)
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series
Rebecca Budig (Greenlee Smythe, All My Children)
Lesli Kay (Molly Conlan, As the World Turns)
Cady McClain (Dixie Cooney, All My Children)
Colleen Zenk Pinter (Barbara Ryan, As the World Turns)
Maura West (Carly Snyder, As the World Turns)
Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama Series
Josh Ryan Evans (Timmy Lenox, Passions)
David Lago (Raul Guittierez, The Young and the Restless)
Jesse McCartney (JR Chandler, All My Children)
Paul Taylor (Isaac Jenkins, As the World Turns)
David Tom (Billy Abbott, The Young and the Restless)
Justin Torkildsen (Rick Forrester, The Bold and the Beautiful)
Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series
Terri Colombino (Katie Peretti, As the World Turns)
Adrienne Frantz (Amber Moore, The Bold and the Beautiful)
Annie Parisse (Julia Lindsey, As the World Turns)
Eden Riegel (Bianca Montgomery, All My Children)
Kristina Sisco (Abigail Williams, As the World Turns)
Outstanding Drama Series Writing Team
All My Children
As the World Turns
Passions
The Young and the Restless
Outstanding Drama Series Directing Team
All My Children
As the World Turns
General Hospital
Passions
The Young and the Restless
Outstanding Talk Show
Donny & Marie
Live with Regis
The Montel Williams Show
The Rosie O'Donnell Show
The View
Outstanding Talk Show Host
Rosie O'Donnell The Rosie O'Donnell Show
Regis Philbin Live With Regis
Barbara Walters, Meredith Vieira, Star Jones, Joy Behar and Lisa Ling, The View
Donny Osmond and Marie Osmond, Donny & Marie
Outstanding Game/Audience Participation Show
Hollywood Squares
Jeopardy!
The Price Is Right
Win Ben Stein's Money
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire
Outstanding Game Show Host
Bob Bar |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-- | C-- (pronounced C minus minus) is a C-like programming language, designed to be generated mainly by compilers for high-level languages rather than written by human programmers. It was created by functional programming researchers Simon Peyton Jones and Norman Ramsey. Unlike many other intermediate languages, it is represented in plain ASCII text, not bytecode or another binary format.
There are two main branches:
C--, the original branch, with the final version 2.0 released in May 2005
Cmm, the fork actively used as the intermediate representation (IR) in the Glasgow Haskell Compiler (GHC)
Design
C-- is a "portable assembly language", designed to ease the implementation of compilers that produce high-quality machine code. This is done by delegating low-level code-generation and program optimization to a C-- compiler. The language's syntax borrows heavily from C while omitting or changing standard C features such as variadic functions, pointer syntax, and aspects of C's type system, because they hamper essential features of C-- and ease of code-generation.
The name of the language is an in-joke, indicating that C-- is a reduced form of C, in the same way that "C++" was chosen to connote an improved version of C. (In C, -- and ++ mean "decrement" and "increment," respectively.)
Work on C-- began in the late 1990s. Since writing a custom code generator is a challenge in itself, and the compiler backends available to researchers at that time were complex and poorly documented, several projects had written compilers which generated C code (for instance, the original Modula-3 compiler). However, C is a poor choice for functional languages: it does not guarantee tail-call optimization, or support accurate garbage collection or efficient exception handling. C-- is a tightly-defined simpler alternative to C which supports all of these. Its most innovative feature is a run-time interface which allows writing of portable garbage collectors, exception handling systems and other run-time features which work with any C-- compiler.
The first version of C-- was released in April 1998 as a MSRA paper, accompanied by a January 1999 paper on garbage collection. A revised manual was posted in HTML form in May 1999. Two sets of major changes proposed in 2000 by Norman Ramsey ("Proposed Changes") and Christian Lindig ("A New Grammar") led to C-- version 2, which was finalized around 2004 and officially released in 2005.
Type system
The C-- type system is designed to reflect constraints imposed by hardware rather than conventions imposed by higher-level languages. A value stored in a register or memory may have only one type: bit-vector. However, bit-vector is a polymorphic type which comes in several widths, e.g. , , or . A separate 32-or-64 bit family of floating-point types is supported. In addition to the bit-vector type, C-- provides a boolean type , which can be computed by expressions and used for control flow but cannot be stored in a register or memory |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge%20Network | Knowledge Network, also branded as British Columbia's Knowledge Network, is a Canadian publicly funded educational cable television network serving the province of British Columbia. It is owned by the Knowledge Network Corporation, a Crown corporation of the Government of British Columbia, and began broadcasting on January 12, 1981. Michelle van Beusekom is the CEO.
Knowledge Network's broadcast licence is for satellite-to-cable programming. The network is available on the Bell Satellite TV satellite service, on channel 268, on Shaw Direct channel 354, and on TELUS Optik TV channel 117 (HD) & 9117 (SD). It has also been broadcast over-the-air in remote locations throughout British Columbia, with these repeater sites being operated by local volunteers in the few areas of the province where cable television is not available. The network used the callsign CKNO, although the transmitters were assigned numeric callsigns with the prefix "CH" due to being low-powered.
Knowledge receives funding both from the British Columbia government and from public donations. The station supports lifelong learning for children and adults by providing quality, commercial-free programming through its broadcast channel, websites and apps. Knowledge Network also invests in documentaries and children's programs produced by independent filmmakers and helps to develop skills within the independent production community.
Overview
Knowledge Network is British Columbia's public educational broadcaster and is required to be distributed as part of the basic cable service in British Columbia.
When Knowledge first signed on in 1981, its broadcast schedule originally ran from 9:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m. In later years, it broadcast from 7:00 a.m.-12 a.m. until July 2007, when programming hours were expanded to 6:00 a.m.-1:00 a.m. In late 2007, Knowledge Network began changing its logo from the green tree to its new wordmark logo, and as of June 2008 the green tree logo has been removed. The channel is currently a 24-hour broadcaster.
The network obtains an average of 1.5 million viewers, or over one-third of British Columbians per week. Currently, within the province, the station holds the number one position on weekday mornings for kids age two to six. Also, it has experienced an increase in viewers age 29 to 49 for its prime time programs.
In its programming, Knowledge Network covers a range of topics including politics, history and culture, arts and music, health, parenting, and science. It has a children's block, Knowledge Kids, that features characters Luna, Chip and Inkie.
With funding from the provincial government and over 40,000 individual donors, Knowledge Network acquires and commissions over 750 hours of original programming per year.
In 2011, Knowledge Network acquired Shaw Media's stake in the children's television service BBC Kids, and converted it into a commercial-free service.
Knowledge Network launched an HD feed on September 25, 2013. It became available to |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah%20Winfrey%20Network%20%28Canadian%20TV%20channel%29 | Oprah Winfrey Network, more commonly shortened to OWN, is a Canadian English language discretionary service channel owned by Corus Entertainment. The channel was launched in September 1, 1999 as Canadian Learning Television (CLT) by Learning and Skills Television of Alberta, Ltd., then held by CHUM Limited. The network's owner, Corus Entertainment, licenses the OWN brand and its American programming from Warner Bros. Discovery.
History
As Canadian Learning Television
In September 1996, Learning and Skills Television of Alberta Ltd. (LSTA) (controlled by CHUM Limited through a 60% interest in the company) was granted a television broadcasting licence by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) called Canadian Learning Television. The channel was licensed to provide "formal and informal educational programs on a wide range of topics."
The channel launched on September 1, 1999 as Canadian Learning Television, with a mix of educational and informational television programs. CHUM would later gain 100% ownership of the channel when it completed its purchase of the remaining interest in LSTA on February 15, 2005. The company would later be renamed Access Media Group.
In 2003, Canadian Learning Television adopted a new logo and on-air presentation. With this change, the channel began using the brand "CLT" in most media, instead of using its full name, although Canadian Learning Television remained the official name of the channel.
In July 2006, Bell Globemedia (later CTVglobemedia) announced that it would purchase CHUM for an estimated CAD$1.7 billion, included in the sale was CLT. As CTVglobemedia planned to retain CTV and Citytv, CLT was among the channels to be acquired by Rogers Communications along with CHUM's A-Channel stations, CKX-TV in Brandon, Access and SexTV: The Channel) as announced on April 9, 2007, pending CRTC approval (and approval of CTVglobemedia's purchase).
However, on June 8, 2007, the CRTC approved the sale of CHUM on a condition that CTV must sell the Citytv stations instead, the Rogers deal was rendered void. As such, CTVglobemedia retained CLT along with the A-Channel stations, CKX-TV and all of CHUM's specialty channels, and sold the Citytv stations to Rogers Media. The transaction was finalized on June 22, 2007.
In less than a year after taking ownership of Canadian Learning Television, on March 7, 2008, CTVglobemedia announced it would sell the channel to Corus Entertainment for approximately $73 million CAD. The deal was approved by the CRTC on August 22, 2008. The transaction was then finalized on September 1, 2008.
Refocusing as a lifestyle channel
In October 2008, Corus announced it would relaunch CLT as Viva, a female-focused entertainment and lifestyle channel targeting the baby boomer demographic. The rebrand took effect on November 3, 2008.
On September 29, 2010, Corus announced it had finalized an agreement to launch a Canadian version of the Oprah Winfrey Network in Canada in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food%20Network%20%28Canada%29 | Food Network, formerly called Food Network Canada, is a Canadian English language discretionary specialty channel based on the U.S. cable network of the same name. It airs programming related to food, cooking, cuisine, and the food industry. The Canadian version of Food Network is a joint venture between Corus Entertainment and the U.S. network's parent company Television Food Network, G.P. (which is majority-owned by Warner Bros. Discovery).
History
The U.S. Food Network was available in Canada since 1997 and became one of the more popular foreign cable channels available in Canada. This prompted the creation of a Canadian version which would then be able to access ad revenue through commercials under Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) regulations. Corus Entertainment and Alliance Atlantis launched the channel on October 9, 2000 at 6:00 a.m. EST.
The licence for Food Network Canada was approved by the CRTC in early 2000. The channel was launched in October of that year; on the day of the launch, the U.S. service was removed from the list of foreign channels eligible to be broadcast in Canada.
On January 18, 2008, a joint venture between Canwest and Goldman Sachs Capital Partners known as CW Media bought Alliance Atlantis and gained AAC's interest in Food Network.
On October 27, 2010, ownership changed again as Shaw Communications gained control of Food Network as a result of its acquisition of Canwest and Goldman Sachs' interest in CW Media. On March 4, 2013, Corus Entertainment (also controlled by the Shaw family) announced the sale of its 22.58% ownership interest in Food Network to Shaw Media, in exchange for Shaw's 49% stake in ABC Spark. The sale closed in April 2013.
On April 1, 2016, Shaw Media was subsumed into Corus as part of a corporate reorganization, which reunited Food Network with the active Corus channels.
Food Network HD
On October 5, 2011, Shaw Media launched Food Network HD, a 1080i high definition simulcast of the standard definition feed. It is available through all major TV providers.
See also
Canadian cuisine
Cooking Channel (Canadian TV channel)
DIY Network
HGTV
Food Network
Food Network (Australia)
Food Network (New Zealand)
Food Network Asia
List of Food Network Canada personalities
List of programs broadcast by Food Network Canada
References
External links
Adams, Liz; Food Network cooks up Canadian menu; Strategy Magazine; 07/17/2000.
Decision CRTC 2000-217; CRTC; 07/04/2000.
Canada
Television channels and stations established in 2000
Corus Entertainment networks
Warner Bros. Discovery Americas
Analog cable television networks in Canada
English-language television stations in Canada
2000 establishments in Canada |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20%28Canadian%20TV%20channel%29 | The History Channel (also known as History) is a Canadian English-language discretionary specialty channel that primarily broadcasts programming related to history and historical fiction. It is owned by History Television, Inc., a subsidiary of Corus Entertainment.
History was launched on October 17, 1997, as History Television under the ownership of Alliance Atlantis. Through various ownership changes, the channel adopted its current name in 2012, with the History branding used under a licensing agreement with A+E Networks.
The channel operates two time-shifted feeds: East (Eastern Time) and West (Pacific Time). The West Coast feed was launched on September 1, 2006.
History
Licensed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) on September 4, 1996, as The History and Entertainment Network, the channel was originally owned by Alliance Atlantis Communications and launched as History Television on October 17, 1997.
On January 18, 2008, a joint venture between Canwest and Goldman Sachs Capital Partners known as CW Media bought Alliance Atlantis and gained AAC's interest in History Television. On October 8, 2009, Canwest launched a high definition simulcast of History Television. History Television HD initially only had one national feed operating from the Eastern Time Zone. It is available through all major TV providers in Canada.
On October 27, 2010, ownership changed again as Shaw Communications gained control of History Television as a result of its acquisition of Canwest and Goldman Sachs' interest in CW Media. On May 30, 2012, Shaw Media announced that History Television would be rebranded as a Canadian version of U.S. cable channel History on August 12, 2012, through a wider licensing agreement with A+E Networks. Fellow Shaw network, The Cave, was also rebranded as a Canadian version of spin-off network H2.
On April 1, 2016, History and its sister channel H2 were sold to Corus Entertainment.
An HD feed for the network in western Canada was launched on September 18, 2019.
In January 2022, the network converted its imaging to the current American logo introduced in the fall of 2021, and like the American network, it uses "History" and "The History Channel" interchangeably.
Programming
The channel's programming includes documentaries, reality shows, films, and human interest series. In addition to shows acquired from its American counterpart, History also produces and commissions several original programs of its own, including Restoration Garage, Yukon Gold, and Vikings.
The channel also frequently commissions original documentary television films on historical topics, with noteworthy examples having included the World War II documentaries The Real Inglorious Bastards and Cheating Hitler: Surviving the Holocaust, the four-part Black Canadian history series BLK, An Origin Story, and the Indigenous Canadian history True Story.
Under the History Television branding, the network also aired a special called F |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odyssey%20Television%20Network | Odyssey Television Network, Inc. is a Canadian licensed Greek language television broadcaster who owns and operates three national ethnic channels, available via cable and satellite. Headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, the company has been in operation since 1996 and is headed by John Maniatakos, son of longtime Greek-Canadian broadcasting stalwart, Peter Maniatakos.
Channels
Odyssey Television Network currently operates the following three Greek-language television channels:
Odyssey (OTN1)
ERT World Canada (OTN2)
MEGA Cosmos Canada (OTN3)
In addition to the 3 channels that it has launched itself, Odyssey TV also distributes a number of foreign services in Canada. OTN is the official Canadian distributor for the following channels:
Alpha Sat
Greek Cinema
SportPlus
Star International
Local programming
As part of its mandate to serve Canadians of Greek descent and offer programming of relevance to them, Odyssey Television Network airs an array of local programming on all of its channels including original productions as well as acquired programming from independent producers.
Original productions
Afternoon Magazine (Απογευματινό Μαγαζίνο) - Re-broadcasting of CHTO AM 1690 afternoon program; airs Monday-Friday on Odyssey
Canadian News (Καναδική Eπικαιρότητα) - Daily news bulletin in Greek, overview of the main national news headlines; airs Monday-Friday on Odyssey & MEGA Cosmos Canada
Elliniko Panorama - Weekly news magazine that features news and interviews with members of the Greek community in Toronto; airs Sundays on Odyssey
Independent productions
Edo Montreal (Εδώ Montreal) - Weekly program focusing on Montreal Greek community; airs Sundays on Odyssey
Laval & Montreal - Weekly news magazine that features news and interviews with members of the Greek community in Montreal; airs Saturdays on Odyssey
Orthodox Voice (Ορθόδοξη Φωνή) - Faith-based program about Greek Orthodox religion, produced by the Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Canada; airs Sundays on Odyssey
Zontas Pragmatika - Religious program about Christianity produced by Alpha-Omega Christian Ministries; airs Saturdays on Odyssey
Former productions
Personalities (Προσωπικότητες) - Weekly talk show featuring in-depth discussion with Greek Canadians from all walks of life who have excelled in their chosen field.
The current number of Canadians who are of Greek origin is 271,405, with the majority situated in either Toronto or Montreal.
Personalities
Current on-air personalities at Odyssey Television:
Natassa Haralambopoulou, host of Canadian News
Peter Milonas, co-host of Afternoon Magazine
George Galatsis, co-host of Afternoon Magazine
Katerina Papadopoulos, fill-in host on Canadian News
John Cocconas, host of Edo Montreal
References
External links
Official Odyssey Television Network website
CRTC chart of OTN's assets
Television broadcasting companies of Canada
Companies based in Toronto |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citytv%20Saskatchewan | Citytv Saskatchewan (formerly the Saskatchewan Communications Network, or SCN) is a Canadian English language cable television channel in the province of Saskatchewan. Headquartered in the provincial capital of Regina, the channel is owned by the Rogers Sports & Media subsidiary of Rogers Communications and operates as a de facto owned-and-operated station of its Citytv television network. Its studios are shared with CBC's Regina studios on 2440 Broad Street in Downtown Regina.
Citytv Saskatchewan is licensed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) as an educational programming service for the province of Saskatchewan. It was formerly operated by the government of Saskatchewan as a public broadcaster. In March 2010, the government announced that it would shut down the network due to low viewership. In June 2010, the government announced that it would instead privatize and sell the network to Bluestone Investment Group. Under Bluestone, SCN was converted to a format similar to Alberta's Access network, airing commercial-supported entertainment programming during the late-afternoon and prime time hours, and commercial-free educational and cultural programming from 6 a.m. to 3 p.m. daily. In late-December 2011, SCN announced that it would affiliate with Rogers' Citytv network for its entertainment programming beginning on January 2, 2012. In June 2012, Rogers would acquire SCN entirely, maintaining the same programming model implemented by Bluepoint.
Because it is licensed as an educational broadcaster, Citytv Saskatchewan is required to be distributed as part of the basic cable service in Saskatchewan, and is also available on Bell Satellite TV and Shaw Direct. The channel is defined as a satellite-to-cable television programming undertaking, meaning that it has full simultaneous substitution rights for its programming in Saskatchewan, but does not operate any over-the-air transmitters.
History
Public television
In February 1991, the Government of Saskatchewan (led at the time by Premier Grant Devine) was granted a broadcast licence for a non-commercial educational service by the CRTC. The channel, Saskatchewan Communications Network (SCN), was launched on May 6 of that year. (Ontario's TVOntario was launched on September 27, 1970; British Columbia's Knowledge Network was launched on January 12, 1981; and Alberta's Access, which is now the privately owned CTV 2 Alberta, was launched on June 30, 1973.)
As a publicly owned entity, SCN received funding from the Government of Saskatchewan and from the general public in the form of donations. At the time, SCN frequently stopped between shows to ask for pledges like other public broadcasters such as PBS in the United States.
Privatization
The Government of Saskatchewan (then led by Premier Brad Wall) announced on March 24, 2010, that it would wind down SCN's operations, citing low ratings, with some operations such as distance education broadcasts to be transferred |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9riesPlus | SériesPlus (formerly Séries+) is a Canadian French language specialty channel devoted to French-language scripted comedy and dramatic programming. The channel is owned by Corus Entertainment.
History
On May 11, 1999, Alliance Atlantis Communications (AAC) and Premier Choix Networks (a division of Astral Media) were granted approval by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to launch a French-language subscription network called Canal Fiction, described as a "service devoted to drama."
The channel was launched on January 31, 2000, as Séries+ at 6pm EST. On October 30, 2006, Séries+ launched a high definition simulcast.
On January 18, 2008, a joint venture between Canwest and Goldman Sachs Capital Partners known as CW Media purchased AAC and gained AAC's interest in Séries+.
On October 27, 2010, Shaw Communications completed its acquisition of Canwest and Goldman Sachs' interest in CW Media, giving it control of CW Media's 50% interest in Séries+.
On March 4, 2013, Corus Entertainment announced that it would acquire Astral Media's stakes in Séries+ and Historia, as well as several other properties, under separate transactions with the two companies. The purchase was tied to Bell Media's pending takeover of Astral Media; an earlier proposal had been rejected by the CRTC in October 2012 due to concerns surrounding its total market share following the merger, but was restructured under the condition that the companies divest certain media properties. In a separate deal, Corus also acquired Shaw's interests in Séries+ and Historia, giving it full ownership. The deals were approved by the CRTC on 20 December 2013 and Corus officially become the full owner of the channel on 1 January 2014.
On October 17, 2017, Bell Media announced its intent to acquire Séries+ and Historia from Corus for $200 million, pending regulatory approval. Corus cited the two channels as not being part of the company's "strategic priorities" at this time; the deal came shortly after an announcement that Corus no longer planned to commission original programs for the two channels. On 28 May 2018, both transactions were blocked by the Competition Bureau, as it violated a condition of the Astral Media purchase which bars Bell from re-acquiring any of the properties it divested for 10 years. As a result, Bell and Corus mutually agreed to shelve the sale.
On January 6, 2020, the channel underwent a rebranding, which also began to stylize its name as "SériesPlus".
References
External links
Analog cable television networks in Canada
Corus Entertainment networks
Television channels and stations established in 2000
2000 establishments in Canada
French-language television networks in Canada |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ShopTV%20Canada | ShopTV Canada was a Canadian English language cable television direct response television shopping service owned by Torstar Media Group Television.
Programming
ShopTV Canada featured direct response advertising in short and long form with lengths ranging from 30 seconds to 28.5 minutes from a wide range of categories including automotive, beauty & personal care, entertainment, health & fitness, home improvement, and real estate.
One of the more notable infomercials aired on the channel was the Magic Bullet.
History
The channel was launched in 1996 by Rogers Cable under the name Direct To You, with the tagline "The Infomercial Channel".
In March 1997, Torstar announced that it would purchase the channel from Rogers Cable for $1.7 million, with the intention of rebranding the channel to align it with the Toronto Star newspaper, the flagship brand of Torstar Corporation.
In October 1997, Torstar renamed the network Toronto Star TV. While under the direction of Rogers Cable, the channel exclusively aired infomercials, however, with the name change to Toronto Star TV, Torstar injected news and information into its schedule, blurring the lines between a shopping channel and a news channel. This was done so in an effort to boost subscriptions to the Toronto Star, by offering a glimpse of what readers could expect from the newspaper itself. The channel also began producing in-house infomercial content for third party clients.
In April 2003, Torstar rebranded the network, this time as ShopTV Canada, in an effort to better reflect the type of programming the channel broadcasts.
On November 6, 2013, it was noted that the channel had been shut down either that day or very shortly before. On Rogers' cable systems in the Toronto area (the only providers carrying it at that point), its channel position was replaced for digital cable customers with a free-preview channel (initially carrying Nickelodeon), and was not replaced for analog customers, although its slot is now occupied by WGRZ Buffalo in some areas.
Licensing
ShopTV Canada was classified as a teleshopping service by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC), and thus, was exempted from requiring a CRTC-issued licence to operate and most other CRTC requirements to which pay TV and specialty channels are subject.
References
External links
ShopTV Canada
English-language television stations in Canada
Shopping networks in Canada
Analog cable television networks in Canada
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2013
Defunct television networks in Canada
Torstar |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data%20store | A data store is a repository for persistently storing and managing collections of data which include not just repositories like databases, but also simpler store types such as simple files, emails, etc.
A database is a collection of data that is managed by a database management system (DBMS), though the term can sometime more generally refer to any collection of data that is stored and accessed electronically. A file is a series of bytes that is managed by a file system. Thus, any database or file is a series of bytes that, once stored, is called a data store.
MATLAB and Cloud Storage systems like VMware, Firefox OS use datastore as a term for abstracting collections of data inside their respective applications.
Types
Data store can refer to a broad class of storage systems including:
Paper files
Simple files like a spreadsheet
File systems
Email storage systems (both server and client systems)
Databases
Relational databases, based on the relational model of data
Object-oriented databases. They can save objects of an object-oriented design.
NoSQL databases
Key-value databases
Wide Column Store
Graph databases
Distributed data stores
Directory services
VMware uses the term datastore to refer to a file that stores a virtual machine
See also
Data architecture
Data flow diagram
Database
Distributed data store
References
Databases
Database management systems |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFD | DFD may refer to:
Dancing Ferret Discs, a record label
Dartford railway station, Kent, England (National Rail code)
Data flow diagram
Demokratischer Frauenbund Deutschlands DDR (Democratic Women's League of Germany in the GDR)
Dallas Fire Department
Denver Fire Department
Detroit Financial District
Detroit Fire Department
Direct Fusion Drive, a conceptual nuclear-fusion rocket engine
Document Freedom Day, promoting Open Standards
Dog Fashion Disco, an American metal band
Album by Dumbfoundead
Dyfed, preserved county in Wales, Chapman code
Köppen climate classification#Dfd/Dwd/Dsd: Subarctic or boreal climates with severe winters |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String%20interning | In computer science, string interning is a method of storing only one copy of each distinct string value, which must be immutable. Interning strings makes some string processing tasks more time- or space-efficient at the cost of requiring more time when the string is created or interned. The distinct values are stored in a string intern pool.
The single copy of each string is called its intern and is typically looked up by a method of the string class, for example String.intern() in Java. All compile-time constant strings in Java are automatically interned using this method.
String interning is supported by some modern object-oriented programming languages, including Java, Python, PHP (since 5.4), Lua
and .NET languages. Lisp, Scheme, Julia, Ruby and Smalltalk are among the languages with a symbol type that are basically interned strings. The library of the Standard ML of New Jersey contains an atom type that does the same thing. Objective-C's selectors, which are mainly used as method names, are interned strings.
Objects other than strings can be interned. For example, in Java, when primitive values are boxed into a wrapper object, certain values (any boolean, any byte, any char from 0 to 127, and any short or int between −128 and 127) are interned, and any two boxing conversions of one of these values are guaranteed to result in the same object.
History
Lisp introduced the notion of interned strings for its symbols. Historically, the data structure used as a string intern pool was called an oblist (when it was implemented as a linked list) or an obarray (when it was implemented as an array).
Modern Lisp dialects typically distinguish symbols from strings; interning a given string returns an existing symbol or creates a new one, whose name is that string. Symbols often have additional properties that strings do not (such as storage for associated values, or namespacing): the distinction is also useful to prevent accidentally comparing an interned string with a not-necessarily-interned string, which could lead to intermittent failures depending on usage patterns.
Motivation
String interning speeds up string comparisons, which are sometimes a performance bottleneck in applications (such as compilers and dynamic programming language runtimes) that rely heavily on associative arrays with string keys to look up the attributes and methods of an object. Without interning, comparing two distinct strings may involve examining every character of both. This is slow for several reasons: it is inherently O(n) in the length of the strings; it typically requires reads from several regions of memory, which take time; and the reads fill up the processor cache, meaning there is less cache available for other needs. With interned strings, a simple object identity test suffices after the original intern operation; this is typically implemented as a pointer equality test, normally just a single machine instruction with no memory reference at all.
String |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzical%20Fighter | is a horizontally scrolling shooter by Sigma Entertainment that was released only in Japan for Family Computer in 1991. It includes role playing game elements.
Plot
The Dimensional Stone, which is required to maintain balance in the world of starship pilot Mark was stolen. The king finds a hero to retrieve the stone; using the "Fuzzical Fighter" to transport the player's character into enemy territory.
Towns are visited in-between stages to provide the player with weapons and artifacts that are bought with the in-game gold currency. Players can choose to backtrack to either a previous stage while staying at the inn or to a stage that he has not yet explored. They also have access to three different kinds of healing spells: Riken (minor healing), Rikento (normal healing) and Rikentaru (major healing).
Despite being a mechanical object and not a creature, the Fuzzical Fighter has magic points that can be replenished while in the towns. The Fuzzy Fighter itself resembles a spaceship with a mechanical tail at the end.
References
1991 video games
Horizontally scrolling shooters
Japan-exclusive video games
Make Software games
Nintendo Entertainment System games
Nintendo Entertainment System-only games
Sigma games
Single-player video games
Video games developed in Japan |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System%20Development%20Corporation | System Development Corporation (SDC) was a computer software company based in Santa Monica, California. Founded in 1955, it is considered the first company of its kind.
History
SDC began as the systems engineering group for the SAGE air-defense system at the RAND Corporation. In April 1955, the government contracted with RAND to help write software for the SAGE project. Within a few months, RAND's System Development Division had 500 employees developing SAGE applications. Within a year, the division had up to 1,000 employees. RAND spun off the group in 1957 as a non-profit organization that provided expertise for the United States military in the design, integration, and testing of large, complex, computer-controlled systems. SDC became a for-profit corporation in 1969, and began to offer its services to all organizations rather than only to the American military.
The first two systems that SDC produced were the SAGE system, written for the IBM AN/FSQ-7 [Q-7] computer, and the SAGE System Training Program [SSTP], written for the IBM 701 series of computers. The Q-7 was notable in that it was based on vacuum tubes. Intended as a duplex, with two computers for operational sites, there was a single Q-7 installed at the SDC complex in Santa Monica (2400 and 2500 Colorado; now occupied by the Water Garden). It was said that at the time the Q-7 building, a separate structure, required half of the air conditioning then used in the entire city of Santa Monica - perhaps in jest, but close to the truth.
In late 1961 SDC became the Computer Program Integration Contractor [CPIC] for the Air Force Satellite Control Network, and maintained that role for many years. As a part of that role, SDC wrote software for and delivered it to the AFSCN's then string of satellite tracking stations both in the US and abroad.
Ownership
In 1981, SDC was sold by its board of directors to the Burroughs Corporation.
In 1986, Burroughs merged with the Sperry Corporation to form Unisys, and SDC was folded into Unisys Defense Systems.
In 1991, Unisys Defense Systems was renamed Paramax, a wholly owned subsidiary of Unisys, so that it could be spun off to reduce Unisys debt.
In 1995, Unisys sold Paramax to the Loral Corporation, although a small portion of it, containing some projects that had originated in SDC, remained with Unisys.
In 1996, Loral sold Paramax to Lockheed Martin.
In 1997, the Paramax business unit was separated from Lockheed Martin under the control of Frank Lanza (who had been Loral's president and CEO); and became a subsidiary of L-3 Communications.
In 2019, L-3 Communications merged with Harris Corporation to form L3Harris Technologies.
Software projects
In the 1960s, SDC developed the timesharing system for the AN/FSQ-32 (Q32) mainframe computer for Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). The Q-32 was one of the first systems to support both multiple users and inter-computer communications. Experiments with a dedicated modem connection to t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reporting | Reporting may refer to
any activity that leads to reports
in particular business reporting
Data reporting
Sustainability reporting
Financial reporting
international reporting of financial information for tax purposes under the OECD's Common Reporting Standard
Journalism
Court reporting
Traffic reporting
Beat reporting
Operational reporting |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain%20Video%20and%20His%20Video%20Rangers | Captain Video and His Video Rangers is an American science fiction television series that aired on the DuMont Television Network and was the first series of its genre on American television.
The series aired between June 27, 1949, and April 1, 1955, originally on Monday through Saturday at 7 p.m. ET, and then Monday through Friday at 7 p.m. ET. A separate 30-minute spinoff series called The Secret Files of Captain Video aired Saturday mornings, alternating with Tom Corbett, Space Cadet, from September 5, 1953, to May 29, 1954, a total of 20 episodes.
Researcher Alan Morton estimates there were a total of 1,537 episodes (not counting the 20 Saturday morning episodes), although few of them exist after the destruction of the original broadcasts, which was commonplace at that time. Sponsors included Post Cereals, Skippy Peanut Butter, DuMont-brand television sets, and Peter Paul's PowerHouse candy bars. Premiums sold via the show included a flying saucer ring, a "secret seal" ring, cast photos, electronic goggles, a "secret ray gun", a rocket ship key chain, decoders, membership cards, and a set of 12 plastic spacemen.
Overview
The long-running series, set in Earth's distant future, tracked the adventures of a group of fighters for truth and justice, known as The Video Rangers. They were led by Captain Video (no first name ever was mentioned). The Video Rangers operated from a secret base on a mountaintop whose location was unspecified. Their uniforms resembled U.S. Army surplus with lightning bolts sewn on. Captain Video had a teenage companion known only as The Video Ranger. The Captain received his orders from "The Commissioner of Public Safety" (surname Carey), whose responsibilities took in the entire Solar System, as well as human space colonies on exoplanets.
Captain Video was the first adventure hero explicitly designed by DuMont's "idea man" Larry Menkin for early live television. One of its most iconic episodes, widely written about in metropolitan New York newspapers, was titled "I TOBOR". The robot was an important recurring character, and represented the first appearance of a robot in live televised science fiction. Its original manufacturer's name was "ROBOT I", but the stencil with its name inadvertently was applied backward, thus creating the enigmatic name. The robot was played by actor David Ballard, who stood tall.
Other villains included Doctor Pauli, the "wily Oriental" Hing Foo Sung, and Nargola, played by neophyte actor Ernest Borgnine before he went on to become a major stage and Oscar-winning (Marty) film actor. Researcher Don Glut estimated that, in all, about 300 villains appeared on the show at one time or another.
Captain Video was broadcast live five to six days a week, and was popular with children and adults. It earned a special mention in the first episode, "TV or Not TV", of the phenomenally popular Jackie Gleason sitcom series The Honeymooners, in which the character Ed Norton wore a space helmet while watch |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AH7 | Asian Highway 7 (AH7) is a route in the Asian Highway Network. It runs from Yekaterinburg, Russia to Karachi, Pakistan. All together, it is long. It passes from Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Pakistan.
The AH7 shares its route between Merke (Kazakhstan) and Kara-Balta (Kyrgyzstan) about a hundred kilometers along with the AH5. In Kabul (Afghanistan) AH7 stops, but reaches to the city of Kandahar though AH1, where the AH7 resumes its route towards Pakistan.
According to the manual of the Asian Highway Project in 2002 almost the entire route is paved. Only a distance of 72 km in Kyrgyzstan and a piece of 83 kilometers in Tajikistan are unpaved. As of 2017, the entire route in Kyrgyzstan is paved.
In Pakistan AH7 (N25 - Pakistan Road Networks) enters at Chaman. It passes through Qila Abdullah, Quetta, Mastung, Kalat, Khuzdar, Uthal, Goth Hussain and Hub, ending at Karachi. In Pakistan N25 is also called RCD (Regional Cooperation for Development) Highway. Maintained by National Highway Athuroty
Associated Routes
Russia
: Yekaterinburg - Chelyabinsk
: Chelyabinsk - Troitsk - border with Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
: Karaek - Kostanai - Nur-Sultan - Karaganda - Burubaytal
: Burubaytal - Shu
: Shu - Merke
: Merke - Chaldovar
Kyrgyzstan
ЭМ-03 Road: Chaldovar - Kara-Balta
ЭМ-04 Road: Kara-Balta - Osh
ЭМ-15 Road: Osh - Border of Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan
Border with Kyrgyzstan - Andijon - Angren - Ohangaron
: Ohangaron - Tashkent
: Tashkent - Chinoz - Sirdaryo
: Sirdaryo - Xovos
Tajikistan
РБ15 Road: Khavast - Zarafshon - Istaravshan
РБ01 Road : Istaravshan - Dushanbe
РБ09 Road : Dushanbe - Qizilqala - Bokhtar - Panji Poyon
Afghanistan
Shirkhan - Pol-e Khomri - Jabal Saraj - Kabul
Kabul–Kandahar Highway: Kabul - Kandahar
Kandahar - Spin Boldak
Pakistan
Chaman — Quetta — Kalat — Karachi
See also
List of Asian Highways
International E-road network
Trans-African Highway network
References
External links
Treaty on Asian Highways with routes
Asian Highway Network
Roads in Russia
Roads in Kazakhstan
Roads in Uzbekistan
Roads in Kyrgyzstan
Roads in Afghanistan
Roads in Tajikistan
Roads in Pakistan |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Dad%20Who%20Knew%20Too%20Little | "The Dad Who Knew Too Little" is the eighth episode of the fourteenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on January 12, 2003. In the episode, Homer disappoints Lisa on her birthday when he gives her a thoughtless present. He realizes that he knows little about her and decides to hire private detective Dexter Colt to spy on her.
Plot
To keep her secrets confidential, Lisa wants a Turbo Diary, which electrocutes anyone who tries to read it besides the owner. Homer and Bart go to the mall to get the diary, but Homer gets sidetracked by the loads of free food samples and by the time they get to the toy store, the diaries are sold out. After seeing a personalized animated film Ned made for Rod, Homer does the same for Lisa, but when Lisa watches it, she realizes Homer knows nothing about her, upsetting her.
Feeling sad, Homer gets an idea from Moe to hire Dexter Colt, a private detective, to find out facts about Lisa. Colt spies on her and builds up information for a report, which Homer uses to bond with Lisa by playing songs she likes and going to a protest against animal testing at a research lab. When Homer goes to Colt to thank him, he gives him a bill for $1000 which includes frivolous expenses including steak dinners and silver bullets (Colt having worked on the assumption that Lisa was a werewolf). Homer refuses to pay the bill and runs off to his house as Colt swears revenge.
The next morning, someone has vandalized the research lab and stolen all the animals. Chief Wiggum says that, based on the clues, Lisa is the main suspect. Lisa says she is innocent and Homer realizes that she has been framed by Colt. They escape as fugitives, in disguise. While on the run, Homer confesses about the report and Colt to Lisa, upsetting her once more.
The police track the pair to a motel, but they escape again and find themselves at a circus, where they discover all the stolen animals. Colt shows up and chases Homer into a hall of mirrors. As Colt is about to kill Homer, Lisa catches up. After Homer mentions her strong sense of hearing, Lisa, impressed he actually remembered something about her, blinds Colt with a laser pointer (Bart's gift to her), and Colt is soon arrested. Lisa is exonerated, and the animals are all released back into the wild, until Cletus and his family adopts them.
Later at night, Lisa eventually gets her Turbo Diary. When she goes to sleep, Bart sneaks in steals the diary using a pair of tongs. While the house was shown, we hear Bart walking to Homer and asking him to read him a bedtime story. Homer accepts and asks Bart to give him the diary. He opens it and gets electrocuted as a result of being an unauthorized user. Then, Bart laughs at gullible Homer's excruciating pain and misery.
Production
"The Dad Who Knew Too Little" was written by Matt Selman and directed by Mark Kirkland as part of the fourteenth season of The Simpsons (2002–03). |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency | Dependency, dependent or depend may refer to:
Computer science
Dependency (computer science) or coupling, a state in which one object uses a function of another object
Data dependency, which describes a dependence relation between statements in a program
Dependence analysis, in compiler theory
Dependency (UML), a relationship between one element in the Unified Modeling Language
Dependency relation, a type of binary relation in mathematics and computer science.
Functional dependency, a relationship between database attributes allowing normalization.
Dependent type, in computer science and logic, a type that depends on a value
Hidden dependency, a relation in which a change in many areas of a program produces unexpected side-effects
Library dependency, a relationship described in and managed by a software dependency manager tool to mitigate dependency hell
Economics
Dependant (British English) (Dependent - American English), a person who depends on another as a primary source of income
Dependency ratio, in economics, the ratio of the economically dependent part of the economy to the productive part
Dependency theory, an economic worldview that posits that resources flow from poor states to wealthy states
Linguistics
Dependent and independent verb forms, distinct verb forms in Goidelic languages used with or without a preceding particle
Dependency grammar is based on the dependency relation between the lexemes of a sentence
Dependent clause
Mathematics
Dependency relation, a type of binary relation in mathematics and computer science.
Dependent and independent variables, in mathematics, the variable that depends on the independent variable
The absence of independence (probability theory)
Tail dependence, from probability theory
Serial dependence, in statistics
Correlation and dependence
Mean dependence
Medicine and psychology
Codependence, a pattern of detrimental behavioral interactions within a dysfunctional relationship
Dependency need, the real need of the organism, or something that individuals cannot provide for themselves
Dependent personality disorder, a personality disorder characterized by a pervasive psychological dependence on other people
Substance dependence, an adaptive state associated with a withdrawal syndrome upon cessation of repeated exposure to a stimulus (e.g., drug intake)
Physical dependence, dependence that involves persistent physical–somatic withdrawal symptoms (e.g., fatigue and delirium tremens)
Psychological dependence, dependence that involves emotional–motivational withdrawal symptoms (e.g., dysphoria and anhedonia)
Alcohol dependence
Amphetamine dependence
Barbiturate dependence
Benzodiazepine dependence
Caffeine dependence
Cannabis dependence
Cocaine dependence
Opioid dependence
Tanning dependence
Political science
Dependent territory, a classification of territory, especially a region that is not a sovereign state but a possession of same
Crown Dependencies, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coupling%20%28computer%20programming%29 | In software engineering, coupling is the degree of interdependence between software modules; a measure of how closely connected two routines or modules are; the strength of the relationships between modules.
Coupling is usually contrasted with cohesion. Low coupling often correlates with high cohesion, and vice versa. Low coupling is often thought to be a sign of a well-structured computer system and a good design, and when combined with high cohesion, supports the general goals of high readability and maintainability.
History
The software quality metrics of coupling and cohesion were invented by Larry Constantine in the late 1960s as part of a structured design, based on characteristics of “good” programming practices that reduced maintenance and modification costs. Structured design, including cohesion and coupling, were published in the article Stevens, Myers & Constantine (1974) and the book Yourdon & Constantine (1979), and the latter subsequently became standard terms.
Types of coupling
Coupling can be "low" (also "loose" and "weak") or "high" (also "tight" and "strong"). Some types of coupling, in order of highest to lowest coupling, are as follows:
Procedural programming
A module here refers to a subroutine of any kind, i.e. a set of one or more statements having a name and preferably its own set of variable names.
Content coupling (high) Content coupling is said to occur when one module uses the code of another module, for instance a branch. This violates information hiding – a basic software design concept.
Common coupling Common coupling is said to occur when several modules have access to the same global data. But it can lead to uncontrolled error propagation and unforeseen side-effects when changes are made.
External coupling External coupling occurs when two modules share an externally imposed data format, communication protocol, or device interface. This is basically related to the communication to external tools and devices.
Control coupling Control coupling is one module controlling the flow of another, by passing it information on what to do (e.g., passing a what-to-do flag).
Stamp coupling (data-structured coupling) Stamp coupling occurs when modules share a composite data structure and use only parts of it, possibly different parts (e.g., passing a whole record to a function that needs only one field of it).
In this situation, a modification in a field that a module does not need may lead to changing the way the module reads the record.
Data coupling Data coupling occurs when modules share data through, for example, parameters. Each datum is an elementary piece, and these are the only data shared (e.g., passing an integer to a function that computes a square root).
Object-oriented programming
Subclass coupling Describes the relationship between a child and its parent. The child is connected to its parent, but the parent is not connected to the child.
Temporal coupling It is when two actions are bundled together into |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lux%20Radio%20Theatre | Lux Radio Theatre, sometimes spelled Lux Radio Theater, a classic radio anthology series, was broadcast on the NBC Blue Network (1934–35) (owned by the National Broadcasting Company, later predecessor of American Broadcasting Company [ABC] in 1943–1945); CBS Radio network (Columbia Broadcasting System) (1935–54), and NBC Radio (1954–55). Initially, the series adapted Broadway plays during its first two seasons before it began adapting films. These hour-long radio programs were performed live before studio audiences. The series became the most popular dramatic anthology series on radio, broadcast for more than 20 years and continued on television as the Lux Video Theatre through most of the 1950s. The primary sponsor of the show was Unilever through its Lux Soap brand.
Broadcasting from New York, the series premiered at 2:30 pm, October 14, 1934, on the NBC Blue Network with a production of Seventh Heaven starring Miriam Hopkins and John Boles in a full-hour adaptation of the 1922–24 Broadway production by Austin Strong. The host was the show's fictional producer, Douglass Garrick (portrayed by John Anthony). Doris Dagmar played another fictional character, Peggy Winthrop, who delivered the Lux commercials. Each show featured a scripted session with Garrick talking to the lead actors. Anthony appeared as Garrick from the premiere 1934 episode until June 30, 1935. Garrick was portrayed by Albert Hayes from July 29, 1935, to May 25, 1936, when the show moved to the West Coast.
Famed studio executive and film producer and director Cecil B. DeMille took over as the host on June 1, 1936, continuing until January 22, 1945. That initial episode with DeMille featured stars Marlene Dietrich and Clark Gable in The Legionnaire and the Lady. On several occasions, usually when he was out of town, he was temporarily replaced by various celebrities, including Leslie Howard and Edward Arnold.
Lux Radio Theatre strove to feature as many of the original stars of the original stage and film productions as possible, usually paying them $5,000 an appearance. In 1936, when sponsor manufacturer Lever Brothers (who made Lux brand soap and detergent) moved the show from New York City to Hollywood, the program began to emphasize adaptations of films rather than plays. The first Lux film adaptation was The Legionnaire and the Lady, with Marlene Dietrich and Clark Gable, based on the film Morocco. That was followed by a Lux adaptation of The Thin Man, featuring the movie's actual stars, Myrna Loy and William Powell.
Radio regulars
Though the show focused on film and its performers, several classic radio regulars appeared in Lux Radio Theatre productions. Jim and Marian Jordan, better known as Fibber McGee and Molly, appeared on the show twice and also built an episode of their own radio comedy series around one of those appearances. Their longtime costar, Arthur Q. Bryan (wisecracking Doc Gamble on Fibber McGee and Molly), made a few Lux appearances, as well. Bandleader |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SouthLink | SouthLink is an Australian bus service operator in Adelaide. It operates services as part of the Adelaide Metro network under contract to the Government of South Australia. It is a subsidiary of Keolis Downer.
History
In April 2000, SouthLink began operating the Adelaide Metro Outer South services, with 82 buses under contract to the Government of South Australia, which was won by its parent Australian Transit Enterprises
In April 2005, SouthLink began operating the Outer North contract that had previously been run by Serco.
In July 2011, SouthLink began an eight-year contract for the Outer North and Outer South areas, with an optional four-year extension exercisable based upon performance criteria. It also began operating the Hills area services that had been operated by Transitplus.
In March 2015, its parent Australian Transit Enterprises was bought by Keolis Downer. SouthLink was reorganised as a subsidiary of Keolis Downer.
In July 2020, SouthLink's Outer South and Outer North bus contracts were taken over by Torrens Transit and Busways respectively, while retaining its Hills contract. As of March 2020, SouthLink is bidding to operate Adelaide's metropolitan train network.
Fleet
As at December 2022, the fleet consisted of 79 buses.
Depots
SouthLink operate depots in Aldgate and Mount Barker.
See also
Adelaide Metro
Buses in Adelaide
Transport in Adelaide
References
External links
Company website
Adelaide Metro
Bus companies of South Australia
Keolis
Transport in Adelaide
Transport companies established in 2000
Australian companies established in 2000 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel%20America | Channel America (CA), officially Channel America Network, Inc., was the first United States terrestrial broadcast television network to be intentionally assembled out of LPTV, or low-power television licensees. The network was founded by David Post in 1987 and launched in 1988. It offered a 24-hour feed of mostly inexpensive programming, delivered to its affiliate stations, many owned and originally established by the network, via satellite.
History
Channel America was founded in 1987 by David Post, who had hopes of creating a network with 1,000 low-power television stations. The network never reached its goal in terms of affiliates, but still launched in 1988. In 1990, Channel America moved to get more affiliated cable operators' local origination channel by rolling out a three-hour package of programming with interactive elements, Hometown USA, with American Television & Communications committing a best-of-local-origination series with the working title Off Broadway.
In late 1995, the network peaked with a reach of 44,000,000 households through 100 affiliates. On September 18, 1995, EVRO Entertainment of Kissimmee, Florida acquired a 51% interest in the Channel America Network, with the option to buy the remaining 49%.
On July 1, 1996, the channel announced that they would air a preview of My Pet Television Network, a joint venture of Nightwing Entertainment Group, Inc. and The Humane Society of the United States, on September 9.
The network went off the air in 1996. In March 1997, its parent company and LDE Media Techniqs, Morton Downey Jr.'s company, agreed to merge. Downey planned to launch a news magazine called Boyz Night Out on the revived network.
Programs
In addition to its cable access programming mentioned above, among the other shows on Channel America was Hot Seat, a talk show hosted by Wally George which was produced by KDOC-TV in Anaheim, California. (Ironically, KDOC never joined the Channel America network). The network also aired several classic shows from Columbia Pictures Television, including Hazel, Gidget, The Flying Nun, Family, Ghost Story, Bridget Loves Bernie, and The Fantastic Journey.
Channel America Broadcasting
{{Infobox company
| name = Channel America Broadcasting
| logo =
| caption =
| type = formerly public on NASDAQ
| traded_as =
| genre =
| fate = defunct
| predecessor = EVRO
| successor =
| foundation =
| founder =
| defunct = 1997
| location_city = Lakeland
| location_country =
| locations =
| area_served =
| key_people = Thomas L. Jensen, Chair & CEO
| industry = Television Broadcast
| products =
| production =
| services = TV networks
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| aum =
| assets =
| equity =
| owner =
| num_employees =
| parent |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America%20One | America One was an American television network established in 1995 by USFR Media Group through its America One Television subsidiary. The network served over 170 LPTV, Class A, full-power, cable and satellite affiliate stations. It was one of the first TV stations to have online live video streaming, before the tech bubble burst in 2000. At least twenty of the stations carried America One's complete 168-hour weekly transmission.
In 2003, the network went through a restructuring, being placed within USFR Media Group's VOTH Network, Inc. subsidiary.
In 2009, the network came under the ownership of America One Television Network, Inc. as a result of a shareholder buyout from USFR Media Group.
In 2010, America One Television Network merged with B2 Broadcasting to create the holding company One Media Corp, Inc., which America One & B2 Broadcasting then became subsidiaries of, while retaining their respective brand identities.
According to its press release in 2013, it broadcast "5500 live and exclusive events, over 100 U.S. Colleges, 70 professional sports teams and hundreds of top professional leagues from Asia and Europe."
It was reported in September 2014 that One Media Corp had sold America One to Center Post Networks, LLC, owner of Youtoo TV. The sale was finalized sometime in spring 2015, with Center Post Networks merging the two networks, resulting in both networks being replaced by YTA TV. The sports assets were not included in the merger, as those had been spun off to One World Sports, then to Eleven Sports Network in 2017.
Programming
America One aired a mix of entertainment and US & international sports programming in prime time. Cooking, travel and news shows and classic movies made up the network's daytime programming. The network also encouraged preemption of four hours per day of its programming for local sports, entertainment or news.
America One Sports
America One held the U.S. broadcast rights to the Ontario Hockey League, Australian Football League, the USAR Hooters Pro Cup, the ECHL, playoffs in the Indoor Football League, and the American Hockey League's all star game. America One syndicated many of these broadcasts to various regional sports networks in the US (usually, those not part of the Fox Sports Net family). America One also carried tape-delayed broadcasts of the English Premier League, specifically Bolton Wanderers and Everton. America One also showed Midwest-based Victory Fighting M.M.A. Usually, those events were on tape delay.
In 1999, America One broadcast NWA Wildside pro wrestling.
America One had broadcast rights to several rugby league organizations. From 2010 the predominantly Britain-based Super League matches were shown live (rights to that league have since transitioned to Fox Sports 2 (then called Fuel TV) in 2013) in addition to Australasia's National Rugby League games. They also showed the American National Rugby League Grand final.
Historically, America One had a longstanding partnership with |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban%20America%20Television | Urban America Television (UATV) was an over-the-air television broadcast network in the United States targeted towards Black Americans. According to the company's website, the network had 70 affiliate stations. UATV claimed to have had a reach of 22 million households in the United States. It was a successor to the earlier American Independent Television network and began broadcasting December 3, 2001. Created and developed by Fred Hutton (among others) the early programming featured independent produced programs, along with 1930s and 1940s public domain race films.
The company was the only minority-certified television network with the National Minority Supplier Development Council.
Programming
The network aired some original programming, along with films and older sitcoms and dramas. Some programming was also syndicated in markets without UATV stations, but most of its affiliate base was in densely populated metropolitan areas.
Ceasing of operations
According to its filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, Urban America Television experienced liquidity needs which severely hampered its ability to continue operations, and eventually lost the ability to pay for satellite and uplinking services, along with master control at the network level, effectively curbing the network's operations any further.
As a result, on May 1, 2006, Urban America Television suspended all operations indefinitely, eventually hoping to return if refinancing allowed it to return to the air, though this never occurred.
In response to UATV's unexpected termination, many affiliates were forced to find alternative sources of programming. Competing networks such as America One and 3ABN benefited from the failure of UATV, and stations such as WUHQ-LP in Grand Rapids, Michigan and WONS-LP in Olean, New York, simply changed to other minor networks. The digital age and the rise of subchannel networks with a much higher quality selection of programming and on-air production, including Bounce TV, also did in the majority of pre-digital minor networks, a fate likely to have befallen UATV even if survived into the digital age.
Attempted relaunch of assets as Punch TV/URBT TV
Though for all intents and purposes it has long left the air and is unlikely to return, an outside party purchased the remaining assets of UATV in 2012, attempting a new Black broadcast network concept called "Punch TV", and that parent company continues to trade publicly promoting UATV's return in various forums, albeit as a flat penny stock. As of 2018 however, this effort has resulted only in a low-distributed network under the Punch TV name with very little original programming made up mostly of public domain and brokered content, much of it in no way pertaining to Black American viewers or containing performers and actors of Black descent, such as the Canadian procedural drama Cold Squad. It only has scattered low-power station distribution, along with a now-terminated lease with Multicultura |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User%20identifier | Unix-like operating systems identify a user by a value called a user identifier, often abbreviated to user ID or UID. The UID, along with the group identifier (GID) and other access control criteria, is used to determine which system resources a user can access. The password file maps textual user names to UIDs. UIDs are stored in the inodes of the Unix file system, running processes, tar archives, and the now-obsolete Network Information Service. In POSIX-compliant environments, the shell command id gives the current user's UID, as well as more information such as the user name, primary user group and group identifier (GID).
Process attributes
The POSIX standard introduced three different UID fields into the process descriptor table, to allow privileged processes to take on different roles dynamically:
Effective user ID
The effective UID (euid) of a process is used for most access checks. It is also used as the owner for files created by that process. The effective GID (egid) of a process also affects access control and may also affect file creation, depending on the semantics of the specific kernel implementation in use and possibly the mount options used. According to BSD Unix semantics, the group ownership given to a newly created file is unconditionally inherited from the group ownership of the directory in which it is created. According to AT&T UNIX System V semantics (also adopted by Linux variants), a newly created file is normally given the group ownership specified by the egid of the process that creates the file. Most filesystems implement a method to select whether BSD or AT&T semantics should be used regarding group ownership of a newly created file; BSD semantics are selected for specific directories when the S_ISGID (s-gid) permission is set.
File system user ID
Linux also has a file system user ID (fsuid) which is used explicitly for access control to the file system. It matches the euid unless explicitly set otherwise. It may be root's user ID only if ruid, suid, or euid is root. Whenever the euid is changed, the change is propagated to the fsuid.
The intent of fsuid is to permit programs (e.g., the NFS server) to limit themselves to the file system rights of some given uid without giving that uid permission to send them signals. Since kernel 2.0, the existence of fsuid is no longer necessary because Linux adheres to SUSv3 rules for sending signals, but fsuid remains for compatibility reasons.
Saved user ID
The saved user ID (suid) is used when a program running with elevated privileges needs to do some unprivileged work temporarily; changing euid from a privileged value (typically 0) to some unprivileged value (anything other than the privileged value) causes the privileged value to be stored in suid. Later, a program's euid can be set back to the value stored in suid, so that elevated privileges can be restored; an unprivileged process may set its euid to one of only three values: the value of ruid, the value of suid, or |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Here%20document | In computing, a here document (here-document, here-text, heredoc, hereis, here-string or here-script) is a file literal or input stream literal: it is a section of a source code file that is treated as if it were a separate file. The term is also used for a form of multiline string literals that use similar syntax, preserving line breaks and other whitespace (including indentation) in the text.
Here documents originate in the Unix shell, and are found in the Bourne shell (sh), C shell (csh), tcsh (tcsh), KornShell (ksh), Bourne Again Shell (bash), and Z shell (zsh), among others. Here document-style string literals are found in various high-level languages, notably the Perl programming language (syntax inspired by Unix shell) and languages influenced by Perl, such as PHP and Ruby. JavaScript also supports this functionality via template literals, a feature added in its 6th revision (ES6). Other high-level languages such as Python, Julia and Tcl have other facilities for multiline strings.
Here documents can be treated either as files or strings. Some shells treat them as a format string literal, allowing variable substitution and command substitution inside the literal.
Overview
The most common syntax for here documents, originating in Unix shells, is << followed by a delimiting identifier (often the word EOF or END), followed, starting on the next line, by the text to be quoted, and then closed by the same delimiting identifier on its own line. This syntax is because here documents are formally stream literals, and the content of the here document is often redirected to stdin (standard input) of the preceding command or curent shell script/executable.
The here document syntax analogous to the shell syntax for input redirection, which is < “take input from the following file”.
Other languages often use substantially similar syntax, but details of syntax and actual functionality can vary significantly. When used simply for string literals, the << does not indicate indirection, but is simply a starting delimiter convention. In some languages, such as Ruby, << is also used for input redirection, thus resulting in << being used twice if one wishes to redirect from a here document string literal.
File literals
Narrowly speaking, here documents are file literals or stream literals. These originate in the Unix shell, though similar facilities are available in some other languages.
Unix shells
Here documents are available in many Unix shells. In the following example, text is passed to the tr command (transliterating lower to upper-case) using a here document. This could be in a shell file, or entered interactively at a prompt.
$ LANG=C tr a-z A-Z << END
> one two three
> four five six
> END
ONE TWO THREE
FOUR FIVE SIX
END was used as the delimiting identifier. It specified the start and end of the here document. The redirect and the delimiting identifier do not need to be separated by a space: or both work equally well.
By default, behavio |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta%E2%80%93Fulton%20Public%20Library%20System | The Atlanta–Fulton Public Library System is a network of public libraries serving the City of Atlanta and Fulton County, both in the U.S. state of Georgia. The system is administered by Fulton County. The system is composed of the Atlanta Central Library in Downtown Atlanta, which serves as the library headquarters, as well as the Auburn Avenue Research Library on African American Culture and History, and 33 branch libraries.
History
The Young Men's Library Association
The origins of the public library system lie in the Young Men's Library Association (YMLA), a subscription library system established in 1867. The YMLA was open to the public, but only paying members could check out books. Membership was restricted to white men until 1873 when white women were allowed to join. The YMLA system remained the de facto library system of the city for the rest of the century. During the 1890s, however, the YMLA, Andrew Carnegie, and the City of Atlanta, started to work out the details of a new public library in Atlanta. In 1897 Walter M. Kelly, Andrew Carnegie's business manager for Southern affairs joined the board of the YMLA and advocated for the construction of a public library because the YMLA could not serve Atlanta's growing population.
The Carnegie Library
On March 4, 1902, the first public library, the Ackerman & Ross-designed Carnegie Library, opened on the site of the current Central Library. When the library opened, only the basement, the stacks, and the children's room were completed. The Carnegie Library remained the main library of the system for most of the century. The library was renovated in 1950 and 1966 through city bond funding. Before 1950 the system was referred to as the Carnegie Library, but to commemorate the renovation of the central Carnegie Library the system was renamed the Atlanta Public Library in 1950. It was in this building that 20 gay men were arrested following a police stakeout in September 1953, an event known at the Atlanta Public Library perversion case. In 1977 the Carnegie Library was torn down to make way for the current Central Library. However, the building's architectural bays were preserved, and used to create the Carnegie Education Pavilion, a monument to higher education in Atlanta.
Expansion of the library system
The Carnegie Library was so successful that within a year after the opening of the library, Carnegie suggested he would give more money to open branch libraries. In 1906 Carnegie formally offered $30,000 for the construction of two branch libraries, as long as the city provided a site and arranged financial support for the library. The Anne Wallace Library, named in honor of the first Carnegie Library librarian, opened in 1909 on the corner of Luckie Street and Merritts Avenue in Northwest Atlanta. Many new branch libraries followed in the years to come. The Ragsdale branch, located in Oakland City, opened in 1912, and in 1913 the Uncle Remus Branch opened in the West End home of Joel Chand |
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