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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DTU | DTU may refer to:
Technical University of Denmark (, abbreviated as DTU)
German Taekwondo Union (, abbreviated as DTU)
Wudalianchi Dedu Airport in Northeast China, IATA code DTU
Database Throughput Unit, see Microsoft Azure SQL Database
Delhi Technological University
Dominica Trade Union
Data Transport Utility (I/Gear)
German Dance and Entertainment Orchestra ()
Duy Tan University
Dota Tuesday's United |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category%206 | Category 6 or Category VI may refer to:
Category 6: Day of Destruction, a 2004 made-for-TV movie
Category 6 cable, a type of cable used for computer networking
A proposed hurricane level above Category 5, on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale
Category VI protected area (IUCN), with sustainable use of natural resources
Category 6 (album), an album by DJ Laz |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDMS | CDMS may refer to:
Charge detection mass spectrometry
Clinical Data Management System
Clinically Definite Multiple Sclerosis
Cryogenic Dark Matter Search |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ex%20Machina%20%28role-playing%20game%29 | Ex Machina is a cyberpunk role-playing game book published by Guardians of Order covering a range from classic cyberpunk to postcyberpunk. It exists under both the cinematic Tri-Stat dX and d20 RPG systems.
Setting
Ex Machina includes a detailed retrospective on the cyberpunk genre, as well as lengthy advice on how to convey that genre in a role-playing environment without losing touch with its core themes.
In addition to information on setting design and genre handling, Ex Machina also includes four complete game settings for gamers to choose from, each of which takes the Cyberpunk genre in its own unique direction. The settings are named Heaven Over Mountain, Underworld, IOSHI and Daedalus.
System
There are two variants of the system for Ex Machina; Tri-Stat d8 and the d20 System.
Tri-Stat d8
Under Tri-Stat the game uses point-based character design and a two-die task resolution system. The game engine focuses on story over rules, and is known for its flexibility.
d20 System
The d20 System variation combines the points-based special abilities of Tri-Stat with the classes and levels of d20, and uses a hybrid task system mostly built from the d20's single-die high-roll method. The d20 variant is based on the Big Eyes, Small Mouth game system. This variant is solely a fan-based production, and not endorsed by "Guardians of Order".
Current status
According to the Guardians of Order website, the company went out of business in 2006. The "Guardians" staff have not released any information regarding the Tri-8 system or Ex Machina licensing.
Reviews
Pyramid
References
External links
Ex Machina Mailing List
BESM/dX
Canadian role-playing games
Cyberpunk role-playing games
Guardians of Order games
Role-playing games introduced in 2004 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God%20Mazinger | , also known as , is an anime, manga and novel series created by manga artist Go Nagai. The anime aired on Japanese TV from to in the network Nippon Television with 23 episodes. It is given the international title Space Adventure: The Deity on the official TMS website. The manga was originally published in tankōbon format by Shogakukan in 4 volumes in 1984. The novelization was published in 1984 and lasted 10 volumes. The three of them share the same basic premise but have a different story.
Plot
A Japanese teen named Yamato Hino, a young sports enthusiast, during a quiet and ordinary day begins to feel strange calls from an indefinite dimension. Frightened and confused, the boy thinks that he had hallucinations but during a thunderstorm a lightning bolt drags him into a parallel world: the ancient kingdom of Mu, ruled by King Muraji whose concern is to defend the capital of his kingdom, attacked by monsters commanded by the evil Dorado of the Empire of Dinosaurs.
In the kingdom of Mu, a legend tells of a titanic being that stands ready to defend the population from any threat and the king wants to awaken the giant statue of the god Mazinger; to do this he needs a brave boy whose name is Yamato, the only one capable of awakening the mighty giant. The devout prayers of the king and the princess are heard: the boy arrives to the dimension of Mu and the statue suddenly becomes alive. A luminous beam covers the boy that is absorbed into the body of the statue, which begins to move. When the monsters of Dorado broke through the defenses of the kingdom, God Mazinger defeats the dinosaurs and makes the enemy army flee. And thus the legend becomes a reality.
Yamato joins the court of newly crowned Queen Aira Mu, becoming the champion of the Kingdom of Mu, always ready to repel the attacks of the evil Dorado and his fearsome dinosaurs.
Anime
Episodes
Source(s)
The scheduled broadcast of August 19, 1984 was cut for the 1984 Summer Olympics. Of the originally planned 24 episodes, one episode was cut and the 24th episode was not aired.
Manga
The manga, although it shares some similarities and the same premise, differs from the anime with a more mature tone and also has a different conclusion. It was originally published in tankōbon format by Shogakukan in 1984. It was later re-printed by Kadokawa Shoten in 1986, Chuokoron-sha in 1995 and Daitosha in 1998. It was published by Shogakukan and Kadokawa Shoten under the title Mazin Legend and by Chuokoron-sha and Daitosha under the title God Mazinger.
Shogakukan (Tentomushi Comics)
Kadokawa Shoten (Yamato Comics)
Chuokoron-sha (Chuko Aizoban)
Daitosha (St Comics)
The manga has also been published in ebook format by ebookjapan.
Novel
The novelization also expands the basic story and has several differences with both the anime and the manga. It was written by Yasutaka Nagai (volumes 1, 4, 7, 10), Tatsuhiko Dan (volumes 2, 5, 8) and Hideki Sonoda (volumes 3, 6, 9), with illustrations by Go Nagai. It |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-scan%20ultrasound%20biometry | A-scan ultrasound biometry, commonly referred to as an A-scan (short for Amplitude scan), is a routine type of diagnostic test used in optometry or ophthalmology. The A-scan provides data on the length of the eye, which is a major determinant in common sight disorders. The most common use of the A-scan is to determine eye length for calculation of intraocular lens power. Briefly, the total refractive power of the emmetropic eye is approximately 60. Of this power, the cornea provides roughly 40 diopters, and the crystalline lens 20 diopters. When a cataract is removed, the lens is replaced by an artificial lens implant. By measuring both the length of the eye (A-scan) and the power of the cornea (keratometry), a simple formula can be used to calculate the power of the intraocular lens needed. There are several different formulas that can be used depending on the actual characteristics of the eye.
The other major use of the A-scan is to determine the size and ultrasound characteristics of masses in the eye, in order to determine the type of mass. This is often termed quantitative A-scan.
Instruments used in this type of test require direct contact with the cornea, however a non-contact instrument has been reported. Disposable covers, which come in actual contact with the eye, have also been evaluated.
See also
B-scan ultrasonography
Ultrasonography
References
Santodomingo-Rubido, J.; Mallen, E.A.H.; Gilmartin, B.; and Wolffsohn, J.S. (2002). A new non-contact optical device for ocular biometry. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 86, 458–462.
Cass, K.; Thompson, C.M.; Tromans, C.; and Wood, I.C.J. (2002). BALA Evaluation of the validity and reliability of A-scan ultrasound biometry with a single use disposable cover. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 86, 344–349.
External links
Medscape: A-scan
Diagnostic ophthalmology
Medical ultrasonography |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex%20adaptive%20system | A complex adaptive system is a system that is complex in that it is a dynamic network of interactions, but the behavior of the ensemble may not be predictable according to the behavior of the components. It is adaptive in that the individual and collective behavior mutate and self-organize corresponding to the change-initiating micro-event or collection of events. It is a "complex macroscopic collection" of relatively "similar and partially connected micro-structures" formed in order to adapt to the changing environment and increase their survivability as a macro-structure. The Complex Adaptive Systems approach builds on replicator dynamics.
The study of complex adaptive systems, a subset of nonlinear dynamical systems, is an interdisciplinary matter that attempts to blend insights from the natural and social sciences to develop system-level models and insights that allow for heterogeneous agents, phase transition, and emergent behavior.
Overview
The term complex adaptive systems, or complexity science, is often used to describe the loosely organized academic field that has grown up around the study of such systems. Complexity science is not a single theory—it encompasses more than one theoretical framework and is interdisciplinary, seeking the answers to some fundamental questions about living, adaptable, changeable systems. Complex adaptive systems may adopt hard or softer approaches. Hard theories use formal language that is precise, tend to see agents as having tangible properties, and usually see objects in a behavioral system that can be manipulated in some way. Softer theories use natural language and narratives that may be imprecise, and agents are subjects having both tangible and intangible properties. Examples of hard complexity theories include Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS) and Viability Theory, and a class of softer theory is Viable System Theory. Many of the propositional consideration made in hard theory are also of relevance to softer theory. From here on, interest will now center on CAS.
The study of CAS focuses on complex, emergent and macroscopic properties of the system. John H. Holland said that CAS "are systems that have a large numbers of components, often called agents, that interact and adapt or learn".
Typical examples of complex adaptive systems include: climate; cities; firms; markets; governments; industries; ecosystems; social networks; power grids; animal swarms; traffic flows; social insect (e.g. ant) colonies; the brain and the immune system; and the cell and the developing embryo. Human social group-based endeavors, such as political parties, communities, geopolitical organizations, war, and terrorist networks are also considered CAS. The internet and cyberspace—composed, collaborated, and managed by a complex mix of human–computer interactions, is also regarded as a complex adaptive system. CAS can be hierarchical, but more often exhibit aspects of "self-organization".
The term complex adaptive system wa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QTQ | QTQ is an Australian television station, licensed to, and serving Brisbane, Queensland. It is owned by the Nine Entertainment Co., and is part of the Nine Network. It broadcasts on VHF Channel 8 (digital). QTQ began broadcasting on 16 August 1959 as the first television station in Queensland. QTQ-9 is the home of the NRL coverage.
News
QTQ-9's nightly news program is Nine News Queensland, presented on weeknights by Andrew Lofthouse and Melissa Downes, with Wally Lewis presenting sport, and Garry Youngberry presenting the weather. Jonathan Uptin is the weekend presenter, with Michael Atkinson presenting sport and Luke Bradnam presenting weather. Luke Bradnam also presents Beach and Fishing reports each Friday and Saturday evening.
Regular fill-in presenters for the bulletins include news presenters Jonathan Uptin, Paul Taylor and Alison Ariotti.
The bulletin is simulcast in Brisbane on commercial radio station River 94.9, across regional Queensland on WIN Television and throughout remote eastern and central Australia on Imparja Television. As of September 2017, weekend bulletins also air in Darwin.
Since 2014, QTQ-9 has produced local editions of Nine Live Queensland (as well as the Morning News until it was axed in October 2017) on weekdays. The bulletin is presented by Paul Taylor (Monday - Wednesday) and Alison Ariotti (Thursday - Friday) with sport presenters Wally Lewis (weeknights) and weather presenters Garry Youngberry (Monday – Thursday) and Luke Bradnam (Friday).
Presenter history
Wally Lewis was the weekday sports presenter until December 2006, when following an on-air incident, it was publicly revealed he had epilepsy. He returned to presenting weeknight sport during the 2007–2008 summer period, and also files sports reports. Chris Bombolas was the weekend sports presenter who preceded Steve Haddan, before resigning to become a politician. John Schluter was the weather presenter until his resignation in September 2006, to join rival Seven News Brisbane as the weekday weather presenter; his departure indirectly resulted in Nine News Queensland losing its long-time ratings lead to Seven News Brisbane in 2007; it was not until 2013 that they would regain the ratings lead.
Mike London formerly presented alongside Heather Foord until he resigned in June 2003, following allegations that he had arrangements for a female fan to complain about weeknight presenter Bruce Paige, who was co-presenting with Jillian Whiting at the time. London had swapped roles with Paige in the mid 1990s following the latter's return to the Nine Network.
2011 "Choppergate" incident
On the bulletins of Nine News Queensland aired on 20 and 21 August 2011, newsreader Eva Milic conducted two crosses, one on each night, to reporters Melissa Mallet and Cameron Price, respectively, in the station's helicopter which claimed to be "near Beerwah", where the remains of murdered schoolboy Daniel Morcombe had been found earlier that month. The crosses were revealed to |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison%20of%20file%20transfer%20protocols | This article lists communication protocols that are designed for file transfer over a telecommunications network.
Protocols for shared file systems—such as 9P and the Network File System—are beyond the scope of this article, as are file synchronization protocols.
Protocols for packet-switched networks
A packet-switched network transmits data that is divided into units called packets. A packet comprises a header (which describes the packet) and a payload (the data). The Internet is a packet-switched network, and most of the protocols in this list are designed for its protocol stack, the IP protocol suite.
They use one of two transport layer protocols: the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) or the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). In the tables below, the "Transport" column indicates which protocol(s) the transfer protocol uses at the transport layer. Some protocols designed to transmit data over UDP also use a TCP port for oversight.
The "Server port" column indicates the port from which the server transmits data. In the case of FTP, this port differs from the listening port. Some protocols—including FTP, FTP Secure, FASP, and Tsunami—listen on a "control port" or "command port", at which they receive commands from the client.
Similarly, the encryption scheme indicated in the "Encryption" column applies to transmitted data only, and not to the authentication system.
Overview
Features
The "Managed" column indicates whether the protocol is designed for managed file transfer (MFT). MFT protocols prioritise secure transmission in industrial applications that require such features as auditable transaction records, monitoring, and end-to-end data security. Such protocols may be preferred for electronic data interchange.
Ports
In the table below, the data port is the network port or range of ports through which the protocol transmits file data. The control port is the port used for the dialogue of commands and status updates between client and server.
The column "Assigned by IANA" indicates whether the port is listed in the Service Name and Transport Protocol Port Number Registry, which is curated by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). IANA devotes each port number in the registry to a specific service with a specific transport protocol. The table below lists the transport protocol in the "Transport" column.
Serial protocols
The following protocols were designed for serial communication, mostly for the RS-232 standard. They are used for uploading and downloading computer files via modem or serial cable (e.g., by null modem or direct cable connection). UUCP is one protocol that can operate with either RS-232 or the Transmission Control Protocol as its transport. The Kermit protocol can operate over any computer-to-computer transport: direct serial, modem, or network (notably TCP/IP, including on connections secured by SSL, SSH, or Kerberos). OBject EXchange is a protocol for binary object wireless transfer via the Bluetooth standar |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G4%20Media%20%28TV%20company%29 | G4 Media, LLC is an in-name only unit of NBCUniversal Television and Streaming which maintains the programming of G4, a defunct 24-hour cable and satellite channel dedicated to video games, along with its former competitor, TechTV/ZDTV. NBCUniversal holds a controlling interest in G4 Media, with Dish Network holding a minority interest of approximately 12% because its former parent company held a minority interest in TechTV and owned Dish Network. Prior to the Comcast/NBCUniversal merger, Comcast owned the network, previously named G4 Media, Inc.
History
In early 2004, G4 Media (at the time owned entirely by Comcast) announced the purchase of a controlling interest in TechTV. On May 28, 2004, G4 and TechTV merged into a hybrid network called G4techTV. EchoStar (which held a minority interest in TechTV and owned Dish Network) retained partial ownership of the combined entity.
The new network leaned more toward the gaming programming that was featured on G4 than the technology side that was featured on TechTV, prompting petitions and complaints from disaffected TechTV fans. On February 15, 2005, TechTV was officially dropped from the network name in the United States, leaving only three TechTV shows, X-Play, Anime Unleashed (removed indefinitely as of March 2006) and The Screen Savers (later rebranded as Attack of the Show!). The channel's programming direction eventually was directed towards men with mostly acquired programs mixed with several original productions.
G4 Media used to hold a 33.3% minority interest in G4's Canadian counterpart.
On October 13, 2006, Comcast announced that it will consolidate G4, bringing it, E!, and the Style Network into a new combined entity later known as the Comcast Entertainment Group. G4's executive staff moved into E!'s Los Angeles offices and layoffs occurred. E! likewise began using G4's former facility to produce their own content, including the early seasons of Chelsea Lately.
There had been reports of G4TV rebranding itself in Summer 2013 into an upscale men's channel previous to the recent programming changes. It was announced on December 7, 2012 that G4 will in fact be rebranded as the Esquire Network (previously Esquire Channel) after NBCUniversal closed a deal with Hearst Corporation (the owner of Esquire). Any and all in-house productions for the G4 network have ended as of January 23, with the exception of American Ninja Warrior in the summer of 2013 after the pushback of the Esquire Network launch to September 23, 2013. Due to its DirecTV coverage, the Style Network was chosen as the slot for Esquire Network. G4 Media, and its main network are expected to "remain as is for the foreseeable future, though it's highly unlikely the company will invest in more original programming."
Dish Network, which was a part owner of G4 Media, dropped the network from its lineup on November 1, 2013.
G4 Media becomes defunct, so does G4
After the fifth season of American Ninja Warrior was completed, control of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daystar%20Television%20Network | The Daystar Television Network (commonly referred to as Daystar Television, often shortened to Daystar) is an American evangelical Christian-based religious television network owned by the Word of God Fellowship, founded by Marcus Lamb in 1993. Daystar is headquartered in the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex in Bedford, Texas. The network is based around prosperity theology.
History
In 1984, Marcus and Joni Lamb (née Trammell) moved to Montgomery, Alabama to launch the state's first full-power Christian television station, WMCF-TV. The Lambs built the station for the next five years, and sold it in 1990. They next moved to Dallas, Texas, where, in 1993, they purchased the formerly defunct KMPX. In 1996, with a large contribution from Kenneth Copeland Ministries, the Lambs purchased a station in Colorado, officially turning their television ministry into a network. In August 1997, the small staff moved into a facility that included production studios; Daystar was officially launched on New Year's Eve 1997.
On March 21, 2011, Daystar announced that it would downsize its production studios in Ashland, Kentucky; Houston, Texas; and Denver, Colorado, effective the following month; the facilities would continue to be used as transmitters, but not broadcasting centers, leading to layoffs. Further studios were abandoned and centralized to the network's Bedford, Texas headquarters with the 2019 repeal of the FCC's Main Studio Rule.
On November 30, 2021, Marcus Lamb died after being hospitalized with COVID-19.
Controversies
FCC investigation
In 2003, Daystar was investigated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), centering on allegations that Daystar sold air time on its non-commercial educational stations to for-profit groups. The investigation complicated Daystar's US$21.5 million bid for KOCE-TV, a PBS station in Huntington Beach, California which at the time mainly served the suburban area of Orange County, and other license renewals. After a lengthy process, Daystar and KOCE-TV eventually came to an agreement where Daystar leased a digital subchannel of KOCE, and broadcast network programming over KOCE-DT3 into Orange County and the Los Angeles area. This agreement has remained in place into the early 2020s, with KOCE since becoming the flagship Los Angeles area member station of PBS in January 2011, replacing KCET after that station defected from the network (the groups eventually merged, with KCET re-joining PBS secondarily).
On December 22, 2008, the FCC and Daystar entered into an agreement whereby Daystar would continue to utilize a multi-level review process to make sure its programming would not breach the underwriting spot guidelines applied by the FCC to non-commercial television stations, and would make additional good faith efforts to review all content received from external providers and remove direct calls for action before broadcasting the programming on Daystar's non-commercial educational stations. Daystar also agreed to pa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressways%20of%20Japan | The of Japan make up a large network of controlled-access toll expressways.
History
Following World War II, Japan's economic revival led to a massive increase in personal automobile use. However the existing road system was inadequate to deal with the increased demand; in 1956 only 23% of national highways were paved, which included only two thirds of the main Tokyo-Osaka road (National Route 1).
In April 1956 the Japan Highway Public Corporation (JH) was established by the national government with the task of constructing and managing a nationwide network of expressways. In 1957 permission was given to the corporation to commence construction of the Meishin Expressway linking Nagoya and Kobe, the first section of which opened to traffic in 1963.
In addition to the national expressway network administered by JH, the government established additional corporations to construct and manage expressways in urban areas. The Metropolitan Expressway Public Corporation (responsible for the Shuto Expressway) was established in 1959, and the Hanshin Expressway Public Corporation (responsible for the Hanshin Expressway) was established in 1962. By 2004 the lengths of their networks had extended to and respectively.
In 1966 a plan was formally enacted for a national expressway network. Under this plan construction of expressways running parallel to the coastlines of Japan would be given priority over those traversing the mountainous interior. In 1987, the plan was revised to extend the network to . In April 2018, completed sections of the network totaled
In October 2005 JH, the Metropolitan Expressway Public Corporation, the Hanshin Expressway Public Corporation, and the Honshū-Shikoku Bridge Authority (managing three fixed-link connections between Honshu and Shikoku) were privatized under the reform policies of the government of Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi. These privatizations are technically converting the corporations into stock companies with no stock sold to the general public, since the Government of Japan hold controlling shares in the successor companies. The expressway network of JH was divided into three companies based on geography - East Nippon Expressway Company (E-NEXCO), Central Nippon Expressway Company (C-NEXCO), and West Nippon Expressway Company (W-NEXCO). The Metropolitan Expressway Public Corporation transferred its authority to the Metropolitan Expressway Company, while the Hanshin Expressway Public Corporation transferred its authority to the Hanshin Expressway Company. The Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Authority became the Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Expressway Company, whose operations are planned to eventually be absorbed into those of W-NEXCO.
Finances
Japan's expressway development has been financed largely with debt. It was intended to make the expressways free when they are paid off. The Meishin Expressway and Tomei Expressway debt has been fully paid off since 1990. It was decided in 1972 that tolls would be pooled from |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CKUA%20Radio%20Network | CKUA Radio is a Canadian donor-funded community radio station based in Edmonton, Alberta. Originally located on the campus of the University of Alberta in Edmonton (hence the UA of the call letters), it was the first public broadcaster in Canada when it began broadcasting in 1927. It now broadcasts from studios in downtown Edmonton, and as of fall 2016 has added a studio in Calgary's National Music Centre. CKUA's primary station is CKUA-FM, located on 94.9 FM in Edmonton, and the station operates fifteen rebroadcasters to serve the remainder of the province.
As of February 28, 2021, CKUA is the 13th-most-listened-to radio station in the Edmonton market according to a PPM data report released by Numeris.
History
CKUA was founded on November 21, 1927 through a provincial grant which allowed the University of Alberta's Extension Department to purchase the licence of CFCK. CKUA was also the first radio station to offer educational radio programming, including music concerts, poetry readings, and university lectures. From 1930 to 1931 the station was an affiliate of the CNR Radio network.
From 1945 to 1974 CKUA was operated by Alberta Government Telephones. The crown corporation, Alberta Educational Communications Corporation (later known as Access), assumed ownership of the station in 1974. In 1994, Access sold the CKUA network to the non-profit CKUA Radio Foundation for $10. The same year the station won an Alberta Recording Industry Award of Excellence.
On March 20, 1997 the station went off the air for five weeks due to political squabbles, poor financial management, and attempts at privatization. The station restarted broadcasting on April 25, 1997 after control was given to the public from directors appointed by the provincial government. As of 2005, more than two-thirds of the station's funding came from its listeners in the form of donations.
Cultural impact
The station's practice of supporting local, independent, and non-commercial artists has helped launch the careers of musicians such as k.d. lang, Jann Arden, and Bruce Cockburn. In addition, CKUA has contributed to the careers of Arthur Hiller, Robert Goulet, and Tommy Banks, among others. Throughout the 1930s an early radio drama series, CKUA Players, was produced out of the station and broadcast throughout Western Canada by a network of stations.
Programming
CKUA schedules different programs throughout the week and thus can offer many different genres including blues, bluegrass, R&B, Celtic, country, classical, jazz, reggae, folk, hip hop, dance, funk, rock, roots, and world.
Historic music archive
CKUA's music library boasts one of the largest and most diverse music collections in Canada, with more than 250,000 CDs and LPs, including 10,000 78 rpm records, as well as a few aluminium transcription discs, 45s, and other various media formats.
Broadcast locations
CKUA was headquartered in the Alberta Block building on Jasper Avenue in Edmonton starting in 1955. In October 2012 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color%20Visi%C3%B3n | Color Visión is a television network based in the Dominican Republic. It is one of the largest television channels in that country. Color Visión is channel 9 in the Dominican Republic's television dial.
History
Color Visión began regularly scheduled programming on November 30, 1969, in the city of Santiago de los Caballeros. The first transmissions were from the Matum hotel, in Santiago.,
In 1970, Color Visión moved its daily transmissions to Santo Domingo. There, Color Visión used the famous Hotel Jaragua's areas as television sets. One of the first show hosts was Manolo Quiroz.
Later on, Dominican businessman Poppy Bermudez put a large amount of money into helping Color Visión open its own studio.
The 1970s were times of growth for the company, as many locally produced programs were shown, and people such as Jack Veneno found work at the station, and a niche among Dominican television viewers.
During the 1980s, Color Visión contracted such stars as Freddy Beras-Goico (cousin of Charytín Goico) and Miledys Cabral.
For the next twenty years, the channel continued growing nationally. Color Visión became the first Dominican channel to have live internet telecasts, and, in 2003, it began to be shown in the United States, through the DirecTV system, being called Television Dominicana.
Color Visión offers variety and news shows, as well as telenovelas, among other types of programming.
Programs
Monday And Friday
Hoy Mismo (2000–present)
El Despertador (2014–present)
Hablando De Salud (20??-20??)
ENTRANDO POR LA COCINA (2007–2012)
El Show Del Mediodia (1977–Present)
Mundo Vision (1969–2014)
Noticias SIN (2014–present)
Con Los Famosos (1998–Present)
Noti Espetaculos (2005–2011)
ACERCATE A LOS ASTROS (2005–2012)
La Super Revista (1990–2014)
Piedra, Papel & Tijera (2001–2011)
Happy Team (2009-2014)
Con Freddy Y Punto (2003–2010)
Perdone La Hora (2000–2012)
Te Estan Facturando (1993–20??)
Sigue la noche (2011–present)
Saturdays
LA POLICIA T.V (2004–Present)
Sentido Comun (19??-Present)
Sabado Chiquito (1989–2011)
Sabado De Corporan (1988–2012)
La Vida Misma (2000–Present)
Nuria (1987–Present)
De La Semana (2004–Present)
Encuentro (2008–Present)
Gerardo De Fiesta (2009–Present)
Sundays
El Mundo De La Fauna
Entrevista Mundo Vision (19??-20??)
Punto De Vista
Lideres (2003–Present)
Aeromundo (1967–Present)
9 X 9 Roberto (1999–2010)
Formula One Racing (2009–Present)
Fashion TV (19??-Presente)
Sabrina De Fin De Semana (1990–Present)
Estaciones Sociales (2002–Present)
Con Jatnna (2000–Present)
Mi Pueblo Por Dentro (2008–Present)
Foro Legislativo
Diario Del Domingo (2006–Present)
References
External links
Color Visión home page
Television stations in the Dominican Republic
Spanish-language television stations
Television channels and stations established in 1969
1969 establishments in the Dominican Republic |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB%20communications%20device%20class | USB communications device class (or USB CDC) is a composite Universal Serial Bus device class.
The communications device class is used for computer networking devices akin to a network card, providing an interface for transmitting Ethernet or ATM frames onto some physical media. It is also used for modems, ISDN, fax machines, and telephony applications for performing regular voice calls.
Microsoft Windows versions prior to Windows Vista do not work with the networking parts of the USB CDC, instead using Microsoft's own derivative named Microsoft RNDIS, a serialized version of the Microsoft NDIS (Network Driver Interface Specification). With a vendor-supplied INF file, Windows Vista works with USB CDC and USB WMCDC devices.
This class can be used for industrial equipment such as CNC machinery to allow upgrading from older RS-232 serial controllers and robotics, since they can keep software compatibility. The device attaches to an RS-232 communications line and the operating system on the USB side makes the USB device appear as a traditional RS-232 port. While chip manufacturers such as Prolific Technology, FTDI, Microchip, and Atmel manufacture USB chips and provide drivers that expose the chip as a virtual RS-232 device, the chips do not use USB CDC protocol and rather use their custom protocols, though there are some exceptions (PL2305).
Devices of this class are also implemented in embedded systems such as mobile phones so that a phone may be used as a modem, fax or network port. The data interfaces are generally used to perform bulk data transfer.
References
External links
USB-IF's Approved Class Specification Documents
Class definitions for Communication Devices 1.2 (.zip file format, size 3.43 MB)
Class definitions for Communication Devices 1.1
a good guide (linux-oriented) about USB host-to-host, CDC 'ethernet' class and RNDIS Archived Version
App Note, Migrating from RS-232 to USB Bridge Specification. Explains the use of USB CDC (Communications Device Class) ACM (Abstract Control Model) to emulate serial ports over USB.
PL2305I USB to Printer Bridge Controller (component data)
Communications device class |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London%27s%20Burning%20%28TV%20series%29 | London's Burning is a British television drama programme, produced by London Weekend Television for the ITV network. It was based on the 1986 TV movie of the same name, and focused on the lives of members of the London Fire Brigade, principally those of the Blue Watch, at the fictional Blackwall fire station. It began with the movie (pilot), broadcast on 7 December 1986. This was then followed by a total of 14 series, which ran from 20 February 1988 to 25 August 2002.
By 2002, It was one of ITV's longest running TV programs, after Emmerdale and Coronation Street.
Movie
Jack Rosenthal's original two-hour TV movie, directed by Les Blair, was broadcast on ITV on 7 December 1986. The Broadwater Farm riot, in north London, was one inspiration for the screenplay. Unlike the final years of the London's Burning TV series, the movie (along with the following early TV series), was a black comedy that also examined serious issues, primarily that while female and Black, Asian and minority ethnic firefighters had to deal with prejudice on the job, the prejudices in their own families and neighbourhoods could be far worse.
The series
Series 1–3 (1988–1990)
The TV show was a weekly episodic drama that began on 20 February 1988. Paul Knight was the show's producer. Knight appointed writers such as Anita Bronson, David Humphries, Simon Sharkey, and Tony Hoare. Directors included Gerry Poulson, Gerry Mill, John Reardon, Keith Washington and Alan Wareing. The camera crews had to be committed and cautious when working with fire. Emergencies—or 'shouts'—would not only be fires, but included a range of incidents from cats up trees to major road accidents. Each episode ran for 50 minutes (one hour with advertisement breaks). The first series (1988) consisted of five episodes while the second series (1989) and the third series (1990) consisted of eight episodes. These series episodes were mostly filmed at Dockhead fire station in Bermondsey in London, and used actual firefighters working shifts as extras for the programme. A studio near the station was used for crowded mess scenes, but they also used the fire station's actual mess, bay and watchroom throughout the series.
'Ding Dong Merrily' Christmas special
A Christmas special was transmitted between series 1 and 2 on 25 December 1988, on ITV. The special followed Blue Watch on duty on Christmas Day.
'Stunts and Stars' documentary
A special 30-minute behind-the-scenes documentary, which originally aired on 8 September 1991, marked the launch of the fourth series. This documentary was also released onto VHS video, by Clear Vision Video. It was then added as a DVD extra, on the Series 4 DVD release by Network.
Series 4 (1991)
In 1991, LWT commissioned 10 episodes for Series 4, which became the most popular series of the drama. Paul Knight had appointed Brian Clark as the Fire Brigade Advisor and, along with the writers and directors, he decided on a climax to the fourth series. The psychological state of one |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hold-And-Modify | Hold-And-Modify, usually abbreviated as HAM, is a display mode of the Commodore Amiga computer. It uses a highly unusual technique to express the color of pixels, allowing many more colors to appear on screen than would otherwise be possible. HAM mode was commonly used to display digitized photographs or video frames, bitmap art and occasionally animation. At the time of the Amiga's launch in 1985, this near-photorealistic display was unprecedented for a home computer and it was widely used to demonstrate the Amiga's graphical capability. However, HAM has significant technical limitations which prevent it from being used as a general purpose display mode.
Background
The original Amiga chipset uses a planar display with a 12-bit RGB color space that produces 4096 possible colors.
The bitmap of the playfield was held in a section of main memory known as chip RAM, which was shared between the display system and the main CPU. The display system usually used an indexed color system with a color palette.
The hardware contained 32 registers that could be set to any of the 4096 possible colors, and the image could access up to 32 values using 5 bits per pixel. The sixth available bit could be used by a display mode known as Extra Half-Brite which reduced the luminosity of that pixel by half, providing an easy way to produce shadowing effects.
Hold-And-Modify mode
The Amiga chipset was designed using a HSV (hue, saturation and luminance) color model, as was common for early home computers and games consoles which relied on television sets for display. HSV maps more directly to the YUV colorspace used by NTSC and PAL color TVs, requiring simpler conversion electronics compared to RGB encoding.
Color television, when transmitted over an RF or composite video link, uses a much reduced chroma bandwidth (encoded as two color-difference components, rather than hue + saturation) compared to the third component, luma. This substantially reduces the memory and bandwidth needed for a given perceived fidelity of display, by storing and transmitting the luminance at full resolution, but chrominance at a relatively lower resolution - a technique shared with image compression techniques like JPEG and MPEG, as well as in other HSV/YUV based video modes such as the YJK encoding of the V9958 MSX-Video chip (first used in the MSX2+).
The variant of HSV encoding used in the original form of HAM allowed for prioritising the update of luminance information over hue and particularly saturation, switching between the three components as needed, compared to the more regular interleaving of full-resolution luma () with individual half- or quarter-resolution chromas ( + ) as used by later digital video standards. This offered considerable efficiency benefits over RGB.
As the Amiga design migrated from a games console to a more general purpose home computer, the video chipset was itself changed from HSV to the modern RGB color model, seemingly negating much of the benefi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20States%20Space%20Surveillance%20Network | The United States Space Surveillance Network (SSN) detects, tracks, catalogs and identifies artificial objects orbiting Earth, e.g. active/inactive satellites, spent rocket bodies, or fragmentation debris. The system is the responsibility of United States Space Command and operated by the United States Space Force.
Space surveillance accomplishes the following:
Predict when and where a decaying space object will re-enter the Earth's atmosphere;
Prevent a returning space object, which to radar looks like a missile, from triggering a false alarm in missile-attack warning sensors of the U.S. and other countries;
Chart the present position of space objects and plot their anticipated orbital paths;
Detect new artificial objects in space;
Correctly map objects traveling in Earth orbit;
Produce a running catalog of artificial space objects;
Determine ownership of a re-entering space object;
Inform NASA whether or not objects may interfere with the International Space Station or satellite orbits.
The Space Surveillance Network includes dedicated, collateral, and contributing electro-optical, passive radio frequency (RF) and radar sensors. It provides space object cataloging and identification, satellite attack warning, timely notification to U.S. forces of satellite fly-over, space treaty monitoring, and scientific and technical intelligence gathering. The continued increase in satellite and orbital debris populations, as well as the increasing diversity in launch trajectories, non-standard orbits, and geosynchronous altitudes, necessitates continued modernization of the SSN to meet existing and future requirements and ensure their cost-effective supportability.
SPACETRACK also developed the systems interfaces necessary for the command and control, targeting, and damage assessment of a potential future U.S. anti-satellite weapon (ASAT) system. There is an Image Information Processing Center and Supercomputing facility at the Air Force Maui Optical Station (AMOS). The resources and responsibility for the HAVE STARE Radar System development were transferred to SPACETRACK from an intelligence program per Congressional direction in FY93.
History
1957–1963
The first formalized effort by the US government to catalog satellites occurred at Project Space Track, later known as the National Space Surveillance Control Center (NSSCC), located at Hanscom Field in Bedford, Massachusetts. The procedures used at the NSSCC were first reported in 1959 and 1960 by Wahl, who was the technical director of the NSSCC. In 1960, under Project Space Track, Fitzpatrick and Findley developed detailed documentation of the procedures used at the NSSCC. Project Space Track began its history of satellite tracking from 1957–1961.
Early Space Track observations of satellites were collected at more than 150 individual sites, including radar stations, Baker–Nunn cameras, telescopes, radio receivers, and by citizens participating in the Operation Moonwatch program. Individua |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamenick%C3%BD%20encoding | The Kamenický encoding (), named for the brothers Jiří and Marian Kamenický, was a code page for personal computers running DOS, very popular in Czechoslovakia (since 1993, the Czech Republic and Slovakia) around 1985–1995. Another name for this encoding is KEYBCS2, the name of the terminate-and-stay-resident utility which implemented the matching keyboard driver. It was also named KAMENICKY.
It was based on the code page 437 encoding (with accented characters for Western-European languages) where most of the characters from code points 128 to 173 were replaced by Czech and Slovak characters chosen so that the glyphs of the replacement characters resembled those of the original as closely as possible, e. g. č in the place of ç. This ensured that text in the Kamenický encoding was (barely) readable even on older or cheap computers with the original fonts (which were often in videocard ROM, making modification difficult if not impossible).
A supplemental feature was that the block graphic and box-drawing characters of code page 437 remained unchanged (IBM's official Central-European code page 852 did not have this property, making programs like Norton Commander look funny with corners and joints of border lines broken by accented letters). The widespread use of the Kamenický encoding was undermined neither by IBM's code page 852, nor by the Windows 3.1 introducing Microsoft Central Europe code page 1250. Only with Windows 95 and the spreading deployment of Microsoft Office did users begin to use code page 1250, which in turn is now obsoleted by Unicode.
Some ambiguity exists in the official code page assignment for the Kamenický encoding:
Some dot matrix printers of the NEC Pinwriter series, namely the P3200/P3300 (P20/P30), P6200/P6300 (P60/P70), P9300 (P90), P7200/P7300 (P62/P72), P22Q/P32Q, P3800/P3900 (P42Q/P52Q), P1200/P1300 (P2Q/P3Q), P2000 (P2X) and P8000 (P72X), supported the installation of optional font EPROMs. The optional ROM #2 "East Europe" included this encoding, invokable via escape sequence ESC R (n) with (n) = 23. While named "Kamenický" in the documentation, it was originally advertised by NEC as code page 867 (CP867) or "Czech". (However, it was never registered with IBM under that ID, as IBM registered another unrelated code page Israel: Hebrew, based on CP862, under that ID in 1998.) The Fujitsu DL6400 (Pro) / DL6600 (Pro) printers support the Kamenický encoding as well.
The encoding was also sometimes called code page 895 (CP895), for example with FoxPro, in the WordPerfect text processor and under the Arachne web browser for DOS, but IBM uses this code page number for a different encoding, CM/Group 2: 7-bit Latin SBCS: Japanese (EUC-JP JIS-Roman) or Japan 7-Bit Latin (00895), and the IANA does not recognize the number at all. The DOS code page switching file NECPINW.CPI for NEC Pinwriters supported the Kamenický encoding under both, code page 867 and 895 as well. This encoding is known as code page 3844 in Star printers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FANUC | FANUC ( or ; often styled Fanuc) is a Japanese group of companies that provide automation products and services such as robotics and computer numerical control wireless systems. These companies are principally of Japan, Fanuc America Corporation of Rochester Hills, Michigan, USA, and FANUC Europe Corporation S.A. of Luxembourg.
FANUC is one of the largest makers of industrial robots in the world. FANUC had its beginnings as part of Fujitsu developing early numerical control (NC) and servo systems. FANUC is acronym for Fuji Automatic NUmerical Control.
FANUC is organized into 3 business units: FA (Factory Automation), ROBOT, and ROBOMACHINE. These three units are unified with SERVICE as "one FANUC". Service is an integral part of FANUC and the company famously supports products for as long as customers use them.
History
In 1955, Fujitsu Ltd. approached Seiuemon Inaba (:ja:稲葉清右衛門), who was then a young engineer, to lead a new subsidiary purposed to make the field of numerical control. This nascent form of automation involved sending instructions encoded into punched cards or magnetic tape to motors that controlled the movement of tools, effectively creating programmable versions of the lathes, presses, and milling machines. Within three years after spending heavily in R&D, he and his team of 500 employees shipped Fujitsu's first numerical-control machine to Makino Milling Machine Co. In 1972, the Computing Control Division became independent and FANUC Ltd. was established. The next phase of expansion would be computer numerical control, which relied on G-code,a standard programming language. At the time, the 10 largest CNC companies in the world were based in the U.S., however by 1982, FANUC had captured half of the world CNC market.
FANUC is listed on the first section of Tokyo Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the TOPIX 100 and Nikkei 225 stock market indices. It is headquartered in Yamanashi Prefecture.
In 1982, FANUC entered into a joint venture with General Motors Corporation (GM), called GMFanuc Robotics Corporation, to produce and market robots in the United States. The new company was 50 percent owned by each partner and was based in Detroit, with GM providing most of the management and FANUC the products.
In 1986, GE Fanuc Automation Corporation was jointly established in the US by FANUC and General Electric (GE). Under the joint venture company, three operating companies, GE Fanuc Automation North America, Inc., in the U.S., GE Fanuc Automation Europe S.A. in Luxembourg, and Fanuc GE Automation Asia Ltd. in Japan were established (the Asian company was established in 1987). GE stopped making its own CNC equipment and turned its Charlottesville, Virginia, plant over to the new company which produces FANUC CNC devices. FANUC adopted the German engineering slogan Weniger Teile, which means "fewer parts;" machines with fewer parts are cheaper to produce and easier for automatons to assemble, resulting in higher reliability and lo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flykeen%20Airways | Flykeen Airways was a regional airline based in Blackpool, United Kingdom. It operated charter as well as scheduled services from its main base at Blackpool International Airport.
Code data
ICAO Code: JFK
Callsign: KEENAIR
History
The company was established in 1968 as Keenair Charter and started scheduled passenger operations in 1990. It started services on the Blackpool, Isle of Man, Belfast City route in 2002. It was wholly owned by Peter Whitehead. In 2005 its ownership changed and the name was renamed to A2B Airways.
Destinations
Belfast City to Blackpool and Isle of Man
Blackpool to Belfast City and Isle of Man
Isle of Man to Belfast City and Blackpool
All services were operated by Aerocondor using a Shorts 360 aircraft (at June 2005).
Fleet
The Flykeen Airways fleet consisted of 2 Embraer EMB 110P1 Bandeirante aircraft (at January 2005).
See also
List of defunct airlines of the United Kingdom
References
External links
Flykeen Airways
Defunct airlines of the United Kingdom
Companies based in Blackpool
History of Blackpool
Airlines established in 1968
Airlines disestablished in 2005
1968 establishments in the United Kingdom |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuker | Nuker may refer to:
Nuker, microwave oven
Nuker, high-capacity Internet Web distribution site or topsite (warez)
A (usually malicious) program designed to disable a computer or destroy data
Nuker Team, the scientific group that studies galaxies |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Access%20Research%20Network | Access Research Network (ARN) is an American non-profit organization that reports on science, technology and society from an intelligent design perspective. ARN primarily disseminates information via its website, located at ARN.org, which contains commentary, articles (both original and from other sources), videos, links, and a bookstore, all focusing on intelligent design. Between 2006 and 2011, ARN also published an annual list of "Top 10 Darwin and Design News Stories" compiled by ARN staff and released at the end of each year.
History
SOR was founded in 1977 by a group of students at the University of California at Santa Barbara as a scientific alternative to both the Young Earth creationist Institute for Creation Research and the neo-darwininian paradigm. It did not require adherence to scriptural authority and a specific model as to the age of the Earth, potentially avoiding the chronic conflicts that this produced with the scientific community, and hoped to foster a relationship of dialogue rather than debate.
It acts as a de facto auxiliary website to the Discovery Institute's Center for Science and Culture (CSC) in promoting intelligent design (ID), and has become a comprehensive clearinghouse for ID resources, including news releases, publications, multimedia products and an elementary school science curriculum. Its mission is "providing accessible information on science, technology and society issues from an intelligent design perspective." Its directors are Dennis Wagner (Executive Director) and CSC Fellows Mark Hartwig, Stephen C. Meyer and Paul Nelson.
The group's publication includes subjects such as genetic engineering, euthanasia, computer technology, environmental issues, evolution, fetal tissue research, and AIDS. It published a journal Origins & Design, but this has been moribund since 2001.
References
External links
Access Research Network
Access Research Network
Intelligent design organizations |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minicom | Minicom is a text-based modem control and terminal emulator program for Unix-like operating systems including Cygwin, originally written by Miquel van Smoorenburg, and modeled somewhat after the popular MS-DOS program Telix but is open source. Minicom includes a dialing directory, ANSI and VT100 emulation, an (external) scripting language, and other features. Minicom is a menu-driven communications program. It also has an auto ZMODEM download. It now comes packaged in most major Linux distribution repositories such as Debian, Ubuntu and Arch Linux.
A common use for Minicom is when setting up a remote serial console, perhaps as a last resort to access a computer if the LAN is down. This can be done using nothing more than a 386 laptop with a Minicom floppy distribution such as Pitux or Serial Terminal Linux. For this purpose, though, one may use Kermit on DOS, such as FreeDOS, does not need Linux so can use a 286 or possibly an 8086 or 8088.
Minicom is useful to create console for devices having no display such as switches, routers or server blade enclosure. It is also useful for data logging output from serial devices such as Arduino Uno. Minicom has some beneficial features that are not available in all terminal based serial communication programs such as adding operating system timestamp to serial data.
See also
tip (Unix utility)
PuTTY
Tera Term
List of Terminal Emulators
References
External links
minicom(1) – Linux User Commands Manual
Free communication software
Free software programmed in C
Free terminal emulators |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NIRVANAnet | NIRVANAnet was a dial-up BBS network, started in 1989 in the San Francisco Bay Area, by Joe Russack (also known as Dr. Strangelove, the sysop of Just Say Yes, an early two node BBS), and Jeff Hunter (also known as Taipan Enigma, sysop of the & the Temple of the Screaming Electron), when they linked their existing systems using FidoNet protocol. Later, they were joined by Ratsnatcher (sysop of the East Bay based Rat Head Systems). NIRVANAnet was unique among BBS networks at the time because member BBS systems agreed to allow anyone to connect, and access everything on the systems, instantly and anonymously. They also traded thousands of text files between the systems covering every subject imaginable. &TOTSE continued as a website until January 17, 2009, when it was closed by Jeff Hunter.
It later expanded to include other eclectic BBSs that valued liberty and privacy, including realitycheckBBS (Poindexter Fortran), The New Dork Sublime (Count Zero Interrupt), My Dog Bit Jesus (Berkeley-Oakland, Dittany of Crete/Susan), Lies Unlimited (South San Francisco, later Salt Lake City, Mick Freen), Sea of Noise, El Observador, The Salted Slug (Santa Cruz, also Dr. Strangelove), The Lair (Boise, Idaho), Burn This Flag (San Jose, run by Zardoz), The Stage, Tomorrows Order of Magnitude (Mountain View/Palo Alto, finger_man), Tower of Destiny (Central New Hampshire), and others.
The initial NIRVANAnet core consisted of Jeff/Taipan, Joe Russack/Dr. Strangelove, Poindexter Fortran, and Dittany of Crete. Just Say Yes was one of the first nodes to close, in 1992, when Dr. Strangelove returned to school. &TOTSE closed its node function around 1998; several online "attempts to recreate an online database" were claimed to be impostors by original founding members, who are named on the trademark application (now expired). &TOTSE was—if functioning—a members-only BBS by 2000. Both node and voice functions were discontinued or changed before 1999.
realitycheckBBS is still operated by Poindexter Fortran.
References
Example text file promo cited in The Anarchist Cookbook
External links
realitycheckBBS
Bulletin board systems |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangling | The term mangling may refer to:
name mangling in computer software
using a mangle as a laundry device
changing, mutilating or disfiguring by cutting, tearing, rearranging etc.: see wikt:mangle |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mode%20%28statistics%29 | In statistics, the mode is the value that appears most often in a set of data values. If is a discrete random variable, the mode is the value at which the probability mass function takes its maximum value (i.e, ). In other words, it is the value that is most likely to be sampled.
Like the statistical mean and median, the mode is a way of expressing, in a (usually) single number, important information about a random variable or a population. The numerical value of the mode is the same as that of the mean and median in a normal distribution, and it may be very different in highly skewed distributions.
The mode is not necessarily unique to a given discrete distribution, since the probability mass function may take the same maximum value at several points , , etc. The most extreme case occurs in uniform distributions, where all values occur equally frequently.
A mode of a continuous probability distribution is often considered to be any value at which its probability density function has a locally maximum value. When the probability density function of a continuous distribution has multiple local maxima it is common to refer to all of the local maxima as modes of the distribution, so any peak is a mode. Such a continuous distribution is called multimodal (as opposed to unimodal).
In symmetric unimodal distributions, such as the normal distribution, the mean (if defined), median and mode all coincide. For samples, if it is known that they are drawn from a symmetric unimodal distribution, the sample mean can be used as an estimate of the population mode.
Mode of a sample
The mode of a sample is the element that occurs most often in the collection. For example, the mode of the sample [1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 12, 12, 17] is 6. Given the list of data [1, 1, 2, 4, 4] its mode is not unique. A dataset, in such a case, is said to be bimodal, while a set with more than two modes may be described as multimodal.
For a sample from a continuous distribution, such as [0.935..., 1.211..., 2.430..., 3.668..., 3.874...], the concept is unusable in its raw form, since no two values will be exactly the same, so each value will occur precisely once. In order to estimate the mode of the underlying distribution, the usual practice is to discretize the data by assigning frequency values to intervals of equal distance, as for making a histogram, effectively replacing the values by the midpoints of the
intervals they are assigned to. The mode is then the value where the histogram reaches its peak. For small or middle-sized samples the outcome of this procedure is sensitive to the choice of interval width if chosen too narrow or too wide; typically one should have a sizable fraction of the data concentrated in a relatively small number of intervals (5 to 10), while the fraction of the data falling outside these intervals is also sizable. An alternate approach is kernel density estimation, which essentially blurs point samples to produce a continuous estimate of th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eumel | EUMEL (pronounced oimel for Extendable Multi User Microprocessor ELAN System and also known as L2 for Liedtke 2) is an operating system (OS) which began as a runtime system (environment) for the programming language ELAN. It was created in 1979 by Jochen Liedtke at the Bielefeld University. EUMEL initially ran on the 8-bit Zilog Z80 processor. It later was ported to many different computer architectures.
More than 2000 Eumel systems shipped, mostly to schools and also to legal practices as a text processing platform.
EUMEL is based on a virtual machine using a bitcode and achieves remarkable performance and function. Z80-based EUMEL systems provide full multi-user multi-tasking operation with virtual memory management and complete isolation of one process against all others. These systems usually execute ELAN programs faster than equivalent programs written in languages such as COBOL, BASIC, or Pascal, and compiled into Z80 machine code on other operating systems.
One of the main features of EUMEL is that it is persistent, using a fixpoint/restart logic. This means that if the OS crashes, or the power fails, a user loses only a few minutes of work: on restart they continue working from the prior fixpoint with all program state intact fully. This is also termed orthogonal persistence.
EUMEL was followed by the L3 microkernel, and later the L4 microkernel family.
References
Discontinued operating systems
Microkernels |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Kruskal | Joseph Bernard Kruskal, Jr. (; January 29, 1928 – September 19, 2010) was an American mathematician, statistician, computer scientist and psychometrician.
Personal life
Kruskal was born to a Jewish family in New York City to a successful fur wholesaler, Joseph B. Kruskal, Sr. His mother, Lillian Rose Vorhaus Kruskal Oppenheimer, became a noted promoter of origami during the early era of television.
Kruskal had two notable brothers, Martin David Kruskal, co-inventor of solitons, and William Kruskal, who developed the Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance. One of Joseph Kruskal's nephews is notable computer scientist and professor Clyde Kruskal.
Education and career
He was a student at the University of Chicago earning a bachelor of science in mathematics in the year of 1948, and a master of science in mathematics in the following year 1949. After his time at the University of Chicago Kruskal attended Princeton University, where he completed his Ph.D. in 1954, nominally under Albert W. Tucker and Roger Lyndon, but de facto under Paul Erdős with whom he had two very short conversations. Kruskal worked on well-quasi-orderings and multidimensional scaling.
He was a Fellow of the American Statistical Association, former president of the Psychometric Society, and former president of the Classification Society of North America. He also initiated and was first president of the Fair Housing Council of South Orange and Maplewood in 1963, and actively supported civil rights in several other organizations such as CORE.
He worked at Bell Labs from 1959 to 1993.
Research
In statistics, Kruskal's most influential work is his seminal contribution to the formulation of multidimensional scaling. In computer science, his best known work is Kruskal's algorithm for computing the minimal spanning tree (MST) of a weighted graph. The algorithm first orders the edges by weight and then proceeds through the ordered list adding an edge to the partial MST provided that adding the new edge does not create a cycle. Minimal spanning trees have applications to the construction and pricing of communication networks. In combinatorics, he is known for Kruskal's tree theorem (1960), which is also interesting from a mathematical logic perspective since it can only be proved nonconstructively. Kruskal also applied his work in linguistics, in an experimental lexicostatistical study of Indo-European languages, together with the linguists Isidore Dyen and Paul Black. Their database is still widely used.
Concepts named after Joseph Kruskal
Kruskal's algorithm (1956)
Kruskal's tree theorem (1960)
Kruskal–Katona theorem (1963)
Kruskal rank or k-rank (1977), closely related to the spark
References
External links
The Dyen, Kruskal and Black lexicostatistical database : the 200-meaning Swadesh lists for 95 Indo-European languages.
MacTutor biography of Joseph Kruskal
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
Jewish American scientis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Saturday%20Night%20Live%20%281990%E2%80%931995%29 | Saturday Night Live is an American sketch comedy series created and produced by Lorne Michaels. The show has aired on the American broadcasting television network NBC since its debut in 1975.
The 1990–91 season brought the show's first major cast changes in four years, adding cast members such as Chris Farley and David Spade.
With most of the older cast gone, Michaels attempt to push a mix of old (Kevin Nealon, Mike Myers) and new (Janeane Garofalo, Michael McKean) for the 1994–95 season's cast. This season is widely considered as one of the show's worst (along with the 1980–81 and 1985–86 seasons). After this cast, Michaels replaced most of the cast with unknowns for the 1995–96 season, once again saving the show from cancellation.
Transition in progress (1990–1991)
The 1990–91 season was a transitional year. Jon Lovitz and Nora Dunn left the show after the previous season, the latter in a cloud of controversy. Lorne Michaels introduced a number of players who quickly became stars on the show: Chris Farley, Tim Meadows, Chris Rock, Adam Sandler, Rob Schneider, David Spade, and Julia Sweeney.
During this period, the new cast members introduced memorable characters such as Sweeney's "Pat," Sandler's "Opera Man" and "Canteen Boy," Farley's "Matt Foley," Schneider's annoying office geek "The Copy Guy," and Rock's black perspective talk-show host "Nat X." Spade's caustic commentary piece "Hollywood Minute" also became a hit. The popularity of these new cast members helped to offset the departure of several popular long-time players over the first two seasons of this era, including Jan Hooks and "Weekend Update" anchor Dennis Miller, as well as Victoria Jackson after the following season.
The remaining cast members of the "older" cast (Dana Carvey, Phil Hartman, Mike Myers and Kevin Nealon) also remained popular with audiences. Nealon succeeded Miller as the anchor of "Weekend Update." For the remainder of his tenure, Nealon found himself playing the straight man during "Update" and other sketches, particularly against the newer cast members. His participation in that role increased after Carvey, Hartman, and Myers left the show. Myers introduced many popular new characters during this period, including Linda Richman, host of the fictional talk show "Coffee Talk." Meanwhile, Hartman, who had impersonated President Ronald Reagan on the show, began appearing regularly with his impression of Democratic candidate and soon-to-be President Bill Clinton. Carvey continued to perform his impersonation of President George H. W. Bush while also developing an impression of independent presidential candidate Ross Perot. In the period leading up to the 1992 presidential election, Carvey and Hartman dominated the show with their impressions, creating mock debates. The Myers and Carvey characters Wayne Campbell and Garth Algar from the "Wayne's World" sketch would become household names during the early 1990s following the release of the successful feature film, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova%20Scotia%20Community%20College | Nova Scotia Community College or NSCC is a Canadian community college serving the province of Nova Scotia through a network of 14 campuses and three community learning centres.
The college delivers over 130 programs in five academic schools: Access, Education and Language; Business and Creative Industries; Health & Human Services; Technology and Environment; and Trades and Transportation. They reflect the labour market needs and opportunities in Nova Scotia.
NSCC includes four specialized institutes: the Nautical Institute, the School of Fisheries, the Aviation Institute and the Centre of Geographical Sciences.
Educating over 20,000 students a year (fulltime and part-time combined), NSCC provides the majority of technical and apprenticeship training in Nova Scotia.
The president of NSCC is Don Bureaux.
History
In 1872, the Halifax Marine School was established. While it would later become the NSCC Nautical Institute, at the time, it represented the first vocational and technical education institution in the Province of Nova Scotia. It was the first in a number of specialized training institutions around the province that offered education in areas such as agriculture, surveying, engineering and navigation.
In 1987, the (then) Department of Vocational & Technical Training published a White Paper recommending the creation of a community college system for Nova Scotia. The establishment of this system, it argued, would bring technology, vocational and upgrading institutions together under one umbrella, and allow for the development and coordination of college programs and services at a province-wide level. This would work to meet both pan-provincial and local economic and applied education needs.
In 1988, Nova Scotia became the last province in Canada to create a community college system, bringing 16 institutions together in one college system. In name, it became the predecessor to NSCC; however, it would be several years until NSCC was established in its current form.
In 1992, two more campuses joined the college system from their respective school boards, and in 1995 the closing Nova Scotia Teacher's College became an NSCC site.
NSCC became autonomous from the Province of Nova Scotia in 1996 by incorporating itself as an independent institution with a Board of Governors (An Act Respecting Collège de l’Acadie and Nova Scotia Community College).
Since then, the NSCC network of campuses has evolved into a province-wide, community-based, community college, with polytechnical, applied arts and health science educational programs.
Campuses and locations
The Nova Scotia Community College occupies 14 campuses, located in:
Bridgewater (Lunenburg Campus)
Dartmouth (Akerley Campus) (Ivany Campus)
Halifax (Institute of Technology)
Kentville (Kingstec Campus)
Middleton (Annapolis Valley Campus)
Port Hawkesbury (Strait Area Campus)
Shelburne (Shelburne Campus)
Springhill (Cumberland Campus)
Stellarton (Pictou Campus)
Sydney (Marconi Cam |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuavisa | Ecuavisa is an Ecuadorian free-to-air television network that was launched on March 1, 1967 on Quito's channel 8 and Guayaquil's channel 2. It is one of the leading TV networks in the country. The channel has an international feed named Ecuavisa Internacional.
History
Ecuavisa was founded by Xavier Alvarado Roca and began to transmit programming on March 1, 1967. The network began broadcasting from Guayaquil and was originally known as Canal 2. The channel received support from Miami's WCKT, owned by Sydney Ansin.
On June 1, 1970, Ecuavisa started broadcasting to Quito and became known as Cadena de Unión Nacional (National Unity Network).
In the 1970s, Ecuavisa was able to increase its audience share by premiering new programming and starting broadcasting partnerships with regional providers. Ecuavisa also benefited from the advent of colour television in the decade, competiting with the then rising Teleamazonas in this regard as the country's second color broadcaster.
Many Ecuadorian celebrities participated in Ecuavisa's shows throughout the 1980s and 1990s. During these two decades, the network aired some of Ecuador's top television shows.
During the 2000s, Ecuavisa launched Ecuavisa Internacional, its international feed. The channel is broadcast in the United States on DirecTV and Verizon Fios. In Spain and Latin America, Ecuavisa Internacional is also broadcast as a free-to-air channel on Hispasat satellite.
On May 9, 2013, Ecuavisa launched its own high-definition feed, Ecuavisa HD.
Programming
Ecuavisa dedicates a great portion of its programming to international shows, mainly soap operas from Telemundo and Rede Globo, such as "El Clon" and "Bellisima".
Ecuavisa's programming is oriented to family entertainment, educational programs, and soap operas (novelas). In 2007, Ecuavisa is boosting its own productions, with "El hombre de la casa" (a remake of Man about the House) a classic British comedy. Other remakes made are La niñera (The Nanny) and "Kliffor" (a remake of The Cosby Show), that achieved great success in Ecuador's ratings profile.
Ecuavisa has a nightly news broadcast, Televistazo, which is currently the most watched news show in Ecuador. For years, it also aired programming for children, such as Dragon Ball and Doraemon from Japan. Non-anime series for children included Zooboomafoo, Little Robots, Sesame Street and Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends.
In 2015, Ecuavisa came under fire for replacing reruns of Dragon Ball with the local version of Chilean competition show Yingo. This resulted in a mass protest from viewers and a change to the program's timeslot.
Bombing
In March 2023, journalists and presenters were targeted in an attack on media personalities. Several journalists received envelopes containing a USB stick. Once the device was plugged into a computer, it would explode.
One of Ecuavisa's television presentors, Lenin Artieda received minor injuries from the blast after one of the devices were plugged int |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%20Window%20System%20protocols%20and%20architecture | In computing, the X Window System (commonly: X11, or X) is a network-transparent windowing system for bitmap displays. This article details the protocols and technical structure of X11.
Client–server model and network transparency
X uses a client–server model. An X server program runs on a computer with a graphical display and communicates with various client programs. The X server acts as a go-between for the user and the client programs, accepting requests on TCP port 6000 for graphical output (windows) from the client programs and displaying them to the user (display), and receiving user input (keyboard, mouse) and transmitting it to the client programs.
In X, the server runs on the user's computer, while the clients may run on remote machines. This terminology reverses the common notion of client–server systems, where the client normally runs on the user's local computer and the server runs on the remote computer. The X Window terminology takes the perspective that the X Window program is at the centre of all activity, i.e. the X Window program accepts and responds to requests from applications, and from the user's mouse and keyboard input. Therefore, applications (on remote computers) are viewed as clients of the X Window server program.
The communication protocol between server and client runs network-transparently: the client and server may run on the same machine or on different ones, possibly with different architectures and operating systems. A client and server can communicate securely over the Internet by tunneling the connection over an encrypted connection.
Design principles
Bob Scheifler and Jim Gettys set out the early principles of X as follows (as listed in Scheifler/Gettys 1996):
Do not add new functionality unless an implementor cannot complete a real application without it.
It is as important to decide what a system is not as to decide what it is. Do not serve all the world's needs; rather, make the system extensible so that additional needs can be met in an upwardly compatible fashion.
The only thing worse than generalizing from one example is generalizing from no examples at all.
If a problem is not completely understood, it is probably best to provide no solution at all.
If you can get 90 percent of the desired effect for 10 percent of the work, use the simpler solution. (See also Worse is better.)
Isolate complexity as much as possible.
Provide mechanism rather than policy. In particular, place user interface policy in the clients' hands.
The first principle was modified during the design of X11 to: Do not add new functionality unless you know of some real application that will require it.
X has largely kept to these principles since. The X.Org Foundation develops the reference implementation with a view to extension and improvement of the implementation, whilst keeping it almost entirely compatible with the original 1987 protocol.
Core protocol
Communication between server and clients is done by exchang |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Sullivans | The Sullivans is an Australian period drama television series produced by Crawford Productions which ran on the Nine Network from 15 November 1976 until 10 March 1983. The series tells the story of a fictional average middle-class Melbourne family and the effect that the Second World War and the immediate post-war events had on their lives. It covers the period between 1 September 1939 to 22 August 1948. It was a consistent ratings success in Australia, and also became popular in the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, the Netherlands, Gibraltar, Greece and New Zealand.
Pre-production
The show was purchased by Channel Nine without a television pilot program being produced. They commissioned 34 hours with a view to extension. Fourteen writers were assigned to the thirteen plot lines which had been devised.
The cast had not been established when they started writing the series and three months later they still had only two cast members, Vikki Hammond and Noni Hazlehurst.
When researching the period, the set designer Nick Rossendale said at the time "when you are dealing with a period of time that is well within living memory, you have to watch things very carefully". Hence, the painstaking research into the reality of the show.
In 1976, the show was regarded as an ambitious project with the biggest budget ever for a commercial network series. It reputedly cost one million dollars to set up.
Story and setting
The story began in 1939, with the declaration of war against Germany. From the outset the series focused on the Sullivan family of fictitious address 7 Gordon Street, Camberwell, Victoria, along with neighbourhood friends, relatives and associates. The majority of the show's storylines related to the war, focusing on either the fighting itself or its effect on the Sullivan family. Scenes of battles in North Africa, Greece, Crete, Britain, New Guinea and Malaya were all filmed in or around Melbourne. However, some of the exterior scenes in the Netherlands were actually filmed in Amsterdam.
The series was renowned for its high production standards. The programme's researchers went to great lengths to ensure both historical and cultural accuracy. Many scenes were timestamped and the scripts referenced actual military developments and events of the time, such as discussion of specific battles, sporting results and cinematic releases. For instance, this even went down to the weather, where the researchers checked through back copies of newspapers. Authentic 1930s furniture was located and used on sets, while kitchen pantries and the corner store were stocked with packaged goods of the era.
The set designer Nick Rossendale said it was a "fascinating job" to find these items. He went on to say that the big companies would say to him they didn't have anything for him but he persisted by asking if he could look through their warehouses. "When I got in, I usually found something", he said. "It's amazing what a bit of research and looking a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karel%20%28programming%20language%29 | Karel is an educational programming language for beginners, created by Richard E. Pattis in his book Karel The Robot: A Gentle Introduction to the Art of Programming. Pattis used the language in his courses at Stanford University, California. The language is named after Karel Čapek, a Czech writer who introduced the word robot in his play R.U.R.
Principles
A program in Karel is used to control a simple robot named Karel that lives in an environment consisting of a grid of streets (left-right) and avenues (up-down). Karel understands five basic instructions: move (Karel moves by one square in the direction he is facing), turnLeft (Karel turns 90 ° left), putBeeper (Karel puts a beeper on the square he is standing at), pickBeeper (Karel lifts a beeper off the square he is standing at), and turnoff (Karel switches himself off, the program ends). Karel can also perform boolean queries about his immediate environment, asking whether there is a beeper where he is standing, whether there are barriers next to him, and about the direction he is facing. A programmer can create additional instructions by defining them in terms of the five basic instructions, and by using conditional control flow statements if and while with environment queries, and by using the iterate construct.
Example
The following is a simple example of Karel syntax:
BEGINNING-OF-PROGRAM
DEFINE turnRight AS
BEGIN
turnLeft;
turnLeft;
turnLeft;
END
BEGINNING-OF-EXECUTION
ITERATE 3 TIMES
BEGIN
turnRight;
move
END
turnoff
END-OF-EXECUTION
END-OF-PROGRAM
Specification
The following implementation is Karel in the Python programming language. Other implementations are available.
Primitive functions
The following are the primitive functions.
move(): Karel moves one square in the direction it is facing.
turn_left(): Karel turns left by 90 degrees.
put_beeper(): Karel puts a beeper on its current square.
pick_beeper(): Karel picks up a beeper from its current square.
paint_corner(COLOR_NAME): Karel paints its current corner with a color. There is a finite list of available colors.
Program Structures
Karel programs are structured in the following way:
Comments: Any line starting with # is a comment and is ignored by the interpreter.
Functions in Karel are declared using def, followed by the function name and parentheses. The body of the function follows in subsequent lines.
main(): A program run executes the main function. The other functions are not executed unless called.
Conditions in Karel
Karel can respond to certain conditions in its world:
front_is_clear(),beepers_present(), beepers_in_bag(), left_is_clear(), right_is_clear(), facing_north(), facing_south(), facing_east(), facing_west()
And their inverses:
front_is_blocked(), no_beepers_present(), no_beepers_in_bag(), left_is_blocked(), right_is_blocked(), not_facing_north(), not_facing_south(), not_facing_east(), not_facing_west().
It can also check the cu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase%20vocoder | A phase vocoder is a type of vocoder-purposed algorithm which can interpolate information present in the frequency and time domains of audio signals by using phase information extracted from a frequency transform. The computer algorithm allows frequency-domain modifications to a digital sound file (typically time expansion/compression and pitch shifting).
At the heart of the phase vocoder is the short-time Fourier transform (STFT), typically coded using fast Fourier transforms. The STFT converts a time domain representation of sound into a time-frequency representation (the "analysis" phase), allowing modifications to the amplitudes or phases of specific frequency components of the sound, before resynthesis of the time-frequency domain representation into the time domain by the inverse STFT. The time evolution of the resynthesized sound can be changed by means of modifying the time position of the STFT frames prior to the resynthesis operation
allowing for time-scale modification of the original sound file.
Phase coherence problem
The main problem that has to be solved for all cases of manipulation of the STFT is the fact that individual signal components (sinusoids, impulses) will be spread over multiple frames and multiple STFT frequency locations (bins). This is because the STFT analysis is done using overlapping analysis windows. The windowing results in spectral leakage such that the information of individual sinusoidal components is spread over adjacent STFT bins. To avoid border effects of tapering of the analysis windows, STFT analysis windows overlap in time. This time overlap results in the fact that adjacent STFT analyses are strongly correlated (a sinusoid present in analysis frame at time "t" will be present in the subsequent frames as well). The problem of signal transformation with the phase vocoder is related to the problem that all modifications that are done in the STFT representation need to preserve the appropriate correlation between adjacent frequency bins (vertical coherence) and time frames (horizontal coherence). Except in the case of extremely simple synthetic sounds, these appropriate correlations can be preserved only approximately, and since the invention of the phase vocoder research has been mainly concerned with finding algorithms that would preserve the vertical and horizontal coherence of the STFT representation after the modification. The phase coherence problem was investigated for quite a while before appropriate solutions emerged.
History
The phase vocoder was introduced in 1966 by Flanagan as an algorithm that would preserve horizontal coherence between the phases of bins that represent sinusoidal components. This original phase vocoder did not take into account the vertical coherence between adjacent frequency bins, and therefore, time stretching with this system did produce sound signals that were missing clarity.
The optimal reconstruction of the sound signal from STFT after amplitude modificati |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frame%20check%20sequence | A frame check sequence (FCS) is an error-detecting code added to a frame in a communication protocol. Frames are used to send payload data from a source to a destination.
Purpose
All frames and the bits, bytes, and fields contained within them, are susceptible to errors from a variety of sources. The FCS field contains a number that is calculated by the source node based on the data in the frame. This number is added to the end of a frame that is sent. When the destination node receives the frame the FCS number is recalculated and compared with the FCS number included in the frame. If the two numbers are different, an error is assumed and the frame is discarded.
The FCS provides error detection only. Error recovery must be performed through separate means. Ethernet, for example, specifies that a damaged frame should be discarded and does not specify any action to cause the frame to be retransmitted. Other protocols, notably the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), can notice the data loss and initiate retransmission and error recovery.
Implementation
The FCS is often transmitted in such a way that the receiver can compute a running sum over the entire frame, together with the trailing FCS, expecting to see a fixed result (such as zero) when it is correct. For Ethernet and other IEEE 802 protocols, the standard states that data is sent least significant bit first, while the FCS is sent most significant bit (bit 31) first. An alternative approach is to generate the bit reversal of the FCS so that the reversed FCS can be also sent least significant bit (bit 0) first. Refer to for more information.
Types
By far the most popular FCS algorithm is a cyclic redundancy check (CRC), used in Ethernet and other IEEE 802 protocols with 32 bits, in X.25 with 16 or 32 bits, in HDLC with 16 or 32 bits, in Frame Relay with 16 bits, in Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) with 16 or 32 bits, and in other data link layer protocols.
Protocols of the Internet protocol suite tend to use checksums.
See also
Syncword
References
Link protocols
Logical link control
Packets (information technology) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPNI | CPNI may refer to:
Centre for the Protection of National Infrastructure
Communist Party of Northern Ireland
Customer proprietary network information |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customer%20proprietary%20network%20information | Customer proprietary network information (CPNI) is the data collected by telecommunications companies about a consumer's telephone calls. It includes the time, date, duration and destination number of each call, the type of network a consumer subscribes to, and certain other information that appears on the consumer's telephone bill.
CPNI may also include account information such as the number of lines. Privacy rules primarily apply to individually identifiable CPNI, meaning CPNI data that is linked or linkable to a particular person through other data such as a wireless account number, wireless phone number or email address, but data such as name, address and phone number are not themselves CPNI. CPNI does not include financial information or sensitive personal information such as your Social Security Number or credit card information.
Telemarketers or customer service agents working on behalf of telephone companies must go through an additional customer authentication layer (typically a PIN, or last four of the stored payment method) and ask for the customer's consent prior to accessing the billing information or before using or sharing that information for any purpose, including but not limited to, offering an up-sell or any change of services. Usually, this is done at the beginning of a call from the telemarketer to the telephone subscriber.
Description
The U.S. Telecommunications Act of 1996 granted the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) authority to regulate how customer proprietary network information (CPNI) can be used and to enforce related consumer information privacy provisions. The rules in the 2007 FCC CPNI Order further restrict CPNI use and created new notification and reporting requirements.
The rules in the 2007 CPNI Order include:
Limits the information which carriers may provide to third-party marketing firms without first securing the affirmative consent of their customers
Defines when and how customer service representatives may share call details
Creates new notification and reporting obligations for carriers (including identity verification procedures)
Verification process must match what is shown with the company placing the call.
Note that as long as an affiliate is "communications" related, the FCC has ruled that CPNI is under an opt-out approach (can be shared without your explicit permission). A phone company is not permitted to sell or otherwise disclose CPNI information, such as numbers you call, when you called them, where you were when you called them, or any other personally identifying information, except subject to either such exceptions are provided in the statute or regulations, or with approval of the customer. Law enforcement access to CPNI ordinarily requires proper judicial approval, but some data about telecommunications customers can be shared or sold to "communications" related companies. One can verify this by checking rule 64.2007(b)(1) and footnote 137 in the 2007 CPNI order. One |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADO.NET | ADO.NET is a data access technology from the Microsoft .NET Framework that provides communication between relational and non-relational systems through a common set of components.
ADO.NET is a set of computer software components that programmers can use to access data and data services from a database. It is a part of the base class library that is included with the Microsoft .NET Framework. It is commonly used by programmers to access and modify data stored in relational database systems, though it can also access data in non-relational data sources. ADO.NET is sometimes considered an evolution of ActiveX Data Objects (ADO) technology, but was changed so extensively that it can be considered an entirely new product.
Architecture
ADO.NET is conceptually divided into consumers and data providers. The consumers are the applications that need access to the data, and the providers are the software components that implement the interface and thereby provide the data to the consumer.
Functionality exists in Visual Studio IDE to create specialized subclasses of the DataSet classes for a particular database schema, allowing convenient access to each field in the schema through strongly typed properties. This helps catch more programming errors at compile-time and enhances the IDE's Intellisense feature.
A provider is a software component that interacts with a data source. ADO.NET data providers are analogous to ODBC drivers, JDBC drivers, and OLE DB providers.
ADO.NET providers can be created to access such simple data stores as a text file and spreadsheet, through to such complex databases as Oracle Database, Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, IBM Db2, Sybase ASE, and many others. They can also provide access to hierarchical data stores such as email systems.
Because different data store technologies can have different capabilities, every ADO.NET provider cannot implement every possible interface available in the ADO.NET standard. Microsoft describes the availability of an interface as "provider-specific," as it may not be applicable depending on the data store technology involved. Providers may augment the capabilities of a data store; these capabilities are known as "services" in Microsoft parlance.
Object-relational mapping
Entity Framework
Entity Framework (EF) is an open source object-relational mapping (ORM) framework for ADO.NET, part of .NET Framework. It is a set of technologies in ADO.NET that supports the development of data-oriented software applications. Architects and developers of data-oriented applications have typically struggled with the need to achieve two very different objectives. The Entity Framework enables developers to work with data in the form of domain-specific objects and properties, such as customers and customer addresses, without having to concern themselves with the underlying database tables and columns where this data is stored. With the Entity Framework, developers can work at a higher level |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schneider%20Electric | Schneider Electric SE is a French multinational company that specializes in digital automation and energy management. It addresses homes, buildings, data centers, infrastructure and industries, by combining energy technologies, real-time automation, software, and services.
Schneider Electric is a Fortune Global 500 company, publicly traded on the Euronext Exchange, and is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. In fiscal year 2022, the company posted revenues of €34.2 billion.
Schneider Electric is the parent company of Square D, APC, and others. It is also a research company.
History
1836–1963
In 1836, brothers Adolphe and Joseph-Eugene Schneider took over an iron foundry in Le Creusot, France. Two years later, they founded Schneider-Creusot, the company that would eventually become Schneider Electric. Initially, Schneider-Creusot specialized in the production of steel, heavy machinery, and transportation equipment. In 1871, following France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, the company significantly developed its capacity for weapons manufacturing. Over the first half of the 20th century, Schneider-Creusot continued to grow, establishing manufacturing sites in France and abroad, including in pre-Soviet Russia and Czechoslovakia.
1963–1999
In the 1960s, following the death of Charles Schneider, Schneider-Creusot was absorbed by Belgium's Empain group, which merged Schneider-Creusot with its corporate structures to form Empain-Schneider. In 1981, the Empain family sold its controlling stake to Paribas. In the 1980s and 1990s, the company, once again operating under the Schneider name, divested from steel and shipbuilding and, through strategic acquisitions, began to focus on the electricity sector. These acquisitions included Télémécanique in 1988, Square D in 1991, and in 1992.
1999–present
In January of 1999, Schneider acquired the Scandinavian switch-maker Lexel. Later that year, the company renamed itself Schneider Electric, to reflect its focus on the electricity sector.
In October 2006, Schneider Electric announced that it would acquire the data center equipment manufacturer American Power Conversion for $6.1 billion. The following February, the move was finalized following its approval by the European Commission. In June of 2010, Schneider and the rolling stock manufacturer Alstom jointly purchased Areva's transmission and distribution businesses in a transaction totaling $2.73 billion.
In 2016, Schneider acquired Tower Electric, a British company that manufactured fixings and fastenings for construction and electrical firms. In 2017, Schneider Electric became the majority shareholder of Aveva, a provider of engineering and industrial software based in the UK. The next year, it acquired the Indian multinational Larsen & Toubro's electrical and automatic business in a cash deal for .
In February 2020, Schneider made a €1.4 billion takeover bid for German company RIB Software, closing the deal in July 2020. Also |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typesafe | Typesafe may refer to:
Type safety, a concept in computer science, in which a programming language discourages or prevents type errors
Typesafe Inc. (renamed to Lightbend), a company founded by Martin Odersky and the creators of the Scala programming language and Akka middleware |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%20display%20manager | In the X Window System, an X display manager is a graphical login manager which starts a login session on an X server from the same or another computer.
A display manager presents the user with a login screen. A session starts when a user successfully enters a valid combination of username and password.
When the display manager runs on the user's computer, it starts the X server before presenting the user the login screen, optionally repeating when the user logs out. In this condition, the DM realizes in the X Window System the functionality of and on character-mode terminals. When the display manager runs on a remote computer, it acts like a telnet server, requesting username and password and starting a remote session.
X11 Release 3 introduced display managers in October 1988 with the aim of supporting the standalone X terminals, just coming onto the market. Various display managers continue in routine use to provide a graphical login prompt on standalone computer workstations running X. X11R4 introduced the X Display Manager Control Protocol (XDMCP) in December 1989 to fix problems in the X11R3 implementation.
History
XDM (the X Window Display Manager) originated in X11R3. This first version, written by Keith Packard of the MIT X Consortium, had several limitations, the most notable of which was that it could not detect when users switched X terminals off and on. In X11R3, XDM only knew about an X terminal from its entry in the file, but XDM only consulted this file when it started. Thus every time a user switched a terminal off and on, the system administrator had to send a SIGHUP signal to XDM to instruct it to rescan .
XDMCP arrived with the introduction of X11R4 (December 1989). With XDMCP, the X server must actively request a display manager connection from the host. An X server using XDMCP therefore no longer requires an entry in .
Local and remote display management
A display manager can run on the same computer where the user sits—starting one or more X servers, displaying the login screen at the beginning and (optionally) every time the user logs out—or on a remote one, working according to the XDMCP protocol.
The XDMCP protocol mandates that the X server starts autonomously and connects to the display manager. In the X Window System paradigm, the server runs on the computer providing the display and input devices. A server can connect, using the XDMCP protocol, to a display manager running on another computer, requesting it to start the session. In this case, the X server acts as a graphical telnet client while the display manager acts like a telnet server: users start programs from the computer running the display manager, while their input and output take place on the computer where the server (and the user) sits.
An administrator can typically configure an XDMCP Chooser program running on the local computer or X terminal to connect to a specific host's X display manager or to display a list of suitable hosts that the use |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSN | The initials RSN may refer to:
"Real Soon Now"
Regional sports network
Renal Support Network
Republic of Singapore Navy
Resort Sports Network
Robust Security Network in IEEE 802.11i-2004 (WPA2)
Royal School of Needlework
Royal Saudi Navy
RSN Racing & Sport
RSn may refer to:
Organotin chemistry and related compounds |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GMG%20Radio | GMG Radio was a company that owned the Real Radio and Smooth Radio networks. As GMG Radio, the company was the radio division of the Guardian Media Group until it was bought in 2012 by Global Radio, however pending regulatory review of the merger the company was renamed Real and Smooth Limited and operated as a separate entity, until May 2014.
History
GMG Radio
GMG Radio was Guardian Media Group's radio division, which started in early 1999 when former GMG Chief Executive Sir Robert Phillis enlisted the services of John Myers to establish GMG's radio division after seeing Myers on the documentary programme Trouble at the Top. Myers had featured in an episode that followed him as he prepared to launch Century 105 in the North West for Border Radio Holdings. Myers had left the Century stations and, after a brief spell in charge of Radio Investments Ltd, created GMG Radio Holdings Ltd and became its Managing Director.
The Station's first FM licence was won in April 2000 for the South Wales regional FM licence, which went on air on 3 October 2000, but was unsuccessful in its second application, for the West Midlands regional licence application, won by Saga.
In June 2001, Scot FM was brought from The Wireless Group for £25.5m John Myers, said: "The problem with Scot FM is that it has changed owners faster than I've changed coats. It was badly launched. They gave the impression that they were going to do Radio 4 type speech and then they went and hired Scottie McClue. For the first time, Scot FM will have an owner that might give Scottish Radio Holdings a run for their money." Real Radio Scotland began broadcasting at 8am on Tuesday 8 January 2002 with breakfast presenter Robin Galloway introducing the first song to be played, "A Star is Born".
On 6 July 2001, the company won its second licence West/South Yorkshire regional FM licence, which launched on 25 March 2002.
In May 2002, GMG radio made a bid of £41 million to Jazz FM plc at 180p a share. The bid came on the day when the draft Communication Bill was published Jazz FM plc's largest shareholder, Clear Channel had been waiting for a 220p a share bid, but agreed to the 180p a share bid in late May. Herald Investment Management who had a 7.7% stake in the company and Aberforth Partners were not happy with the 180p a share bid. On 6 June, GMG raised its bid to 195p a share to secure the institutional shareholders who were holding out for a better bid. Richard Wheatly announced that he would leave Jazz FM once the takeover was complete. The offer was declared wholly unconditional on 5 July. In December 2002, GMG moved its sales operation from Clear Channel Radio Sales to the Chrysalis Group, in line with the sales operation for other GMG Radio stations.
On 12 July 2004, GMG Radio relaunched ejazz.fm, a dedicated jazz website. In January 2005 it launched a service, named Hear It, Buy It, Burn It, to permit users to legally download music from its station's websites. In February 2005, Myers an |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLE%20DB | OLE DB (Object Linking and Embedding, Database, sometimes written as OLEDB or OLE-DB), an API designed by Microsoft, allows accessing data from a variety of sources in a uniform manner. The API provides a set of interfaces implemented using the Component Object Model (COM); it is otherwise unrelated to OLE. Microsoft originally intended OLE DB as a higher-level replacement for, and successor to, ODBC, extending its feature set to support a wider variety of non-relational databases, such as object databases and spreadsheets that do not necessarily implement.
Methodology
OLE DB separates the data store from the application that needs access to it through a set of abstractions that include the datasource, session, command, and rowsets. This was done because different applications need access to different types and sources of data, and do not necessarily want to know how to access functionality with technology-specific methods. OLE DB is conceptually divided into consumers and providers. The consumers are the applications that need access to the data, and the providers are the software components that implement the interface and thereby provides the data to the consumer. OLE DB is part of the Microsoft Data Access Components (MDAC).
Support status
Microsoft's release of SQL Server 2012 (internal code: 'Denali') is the last to include an OLE DB provider for SQL Server, but support will continue for 7 years. According to a related Microsoft FAQ, "Providers like ADO.NET which can run on top of OLE DB will not support OLE DB once the latter is deprecated", but the same answer in the FAQ states that the original post relates only to the OLE DB provider for SQL Server, so the position of OLE DB itself remains unclear. The same FAQ states that ODBC performs better than OLE DB in most cases.
However, during subsequent reviews it was determined that deprecation was a mistake because substantial scenarios within SQL Server still depend on OLE DB and changing those would break some existing customer scenarios. On Oct 6, 2017 Microsoft announced that OLE DB was undeprecated, and a new version to maintain dependencies would be released in early 2018.
OLE DB providers
An OLE DB provider is a software component that enables an OLE DB consumer to interact with a data source. OLE DB providers are analogous to ODBC drivers, JDBC drivers, and ADO.NET data providers.
OLE DB providers can be created to access such simple data stores as a text file and spreadsheet, through to such complex databases as Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, Sybase ASE, and many others. It can also provide access to hierarchical data stores such as email systems.
However, because different data store technologies can have different capabilities, every OLE DB provider cannot implement every possible interface available in the OLE DB standard. The capabilities that are available are implemented through the use of COM objects; an OLE DB provider will map the data store technologies functionali |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real%20Radio | Real Radio was a network of five regional radio stations broadcasting to North East England, North West England, Scotland, Wales and Yorkshire. Each station broadcast a mix of local and networked programming. On Tuesday 6 May 2014, the stations were merged with the Heart network.
History
Sir Robert Phillis, the former GMG chief executive, enlisted John Myers to establish GMG Radio. Myers became the company's managing director in 1999, and won GMG its first licence in South Wales in April 2000. Real Radio (Wales) launched on Tuesday 3 October 2000. Initially serving south and west Wales, the station expanded to north and mid Wales in January 2011, over two years after winning a second licence.
In June 2001, Scot FM was acquired from the Wireless Group for £25.5 million. Scot FM would become Real Radio's second station at 8am on Tuesday 8 January 2002. A bid to expand the service to Aberdeenshire in 2006 proved unsuccessful, losing out to Original 106.
Real Yorkshire, the third station, launched on 25 March 2002 and broadcast to South & West Yorkshire.
In 2008, John Myers convinced the GMG board to invest £1 million in documentaries, a first for modern-day UK commercial radio which would lead to several industry awards. Myers left GMG shortly afterwards.
Real North East and Real North West were introduced from the Century Network on 30 March 2009. Both stations were founded by GMG Radio chief executive John Myers, who acquired the two from GCap Media in October 2006. The Discover the Real You strapline was introduced to all stations.
In July 2008, networked programming was introduced across all stations during evening and overnight timeslots, and in November 2012 this was increased to daytime timeslots. Most networked programming was broadcast from studios in Salford Quays. Notable presenters included Chris Tarrant and Ryan Seacrest who fronted a bespoke version of his syndicated US entertainment show On Air with Ryan Seacrest.
The most recognised strapline Real good, feel good radio, was introduced in March 2012.
In August 2012, the two former Century Network stations, in the North East and the North West, were gaining just half the listeners they once had. Both saw a decline in Listening Share In TSA % when comparing Q2 period in 2011 and 2012, from 6.30% to 4.8%, and 3.9% to 3.0% respectively. Figures for Scotland also lowered whilst Wales and Yorkshire steadied.
Closure and merger with Heart
On 25 June 2012, Global Radio (the owner of stations such as Capital and Heart) announced it had bought GMG Radio, however the GMG radio stations would continue to operate separately until a regulatory review into the sale took place.
Secretary of State Maria Miller announced in October 2012 that the sale would not be investigated on the grounds of plurality. The Competition Commission was due to publish its final report on 27 March 2013, but delays over the decision left the former GMG stations in a hold separate situation. A holding company c |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic%20Data%20Consortium | The Linguistic Data Consortium is an open consortium of universities, companies and government research laboratories. It creates, collects and distributes speech and text databases, lexicons, and other resources for linguistics research and development purposes. The University of Pennsylvania is the LDC's host institution. The LDC was founded in 1992 with a grant from the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), and is partly supported by grant IRI-9528587 from the Information and Intelligent Systems division of the National Science Foundation. The director of LDC is Mark Liberman and the executive director is Christopher Cieri.
See also
Corpus linguistics
Cross-Linguistic Linked Data (CLLD) – project coordinating over a dozen linguistics databases; hosted by the Max Planck Institute (Germany)
European Language Resources Association (ELRA) – a Luxembourg- and France-based institute with a mission similar to LDC's
Language Grid – a platform for language resources, operated by NPO Language Grid Association, primarily active in Asia
Machine translation
Natural language processing
Speech technology
External links
LDC Website
Organizations established in 1992
1992 establishments in Pennsylvania
Organizations based in Pennsylvania
University of Pennsylvania
Corpus linguistics
Lexicography
Consortia in the United States
Applied linguistics
Linguistic research institutes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammal%20classification | Mammalia is a class of animal within the phylum Chordata. Mammal classification has been through several iterations since Carl Linnaeus initially defined the class. No classification system is universally accepted; McKenna & Bell (1997) and Wilson & Reader (2005) provide useful recent compendiums. Many earlier ideas from Linnaeus et al. have been completely abandoned by modern taxonomists, among these are the idea that bats are related to birds or that humans represent a group outside of other living things. Competing ideas about the relationships of mammal orders do persist and are currently in development. Most significantly in recent years, cladistic thinking has led to an effort to ensure that all taxonomic designations represent monophyletic groups. The field has also seen a recent surge in interest and modification due to the results of molecular phylogenetics.
George Gaylord Simpson's classic "Principles of Classification and a Classification of Mammals" (Simpson, 1945) taxonomy text laid out a systematics of mammal origins and relationships that was universally taught until the end of the 20th century.
Since Simpson's 1945 classification, the paleontological record has been recalibrated, and the intervening years have seen much debate and progress concerning the theoretical underpinnings of systematization itself, partly through the new concept of cladistics. Though field work gradually made Simpson's classification outdated, it remained the closest thing to an official classification of mammals. See List of placental mammals and List of monotremes and marsupials for more detailed information on mammal genera and species.
Molecular classification of placentals
Molecular studies by molecular systematists, based on DNA analysis, in the early 21st century have revealed new relationships among mammal families. Classification systems based on molecular studies reveal three major groups or lineages of placental mammals, Afrotheria, Xenarthra, and Boreotheria. which diverged from early common ancestors in the Cretaceous.
The relationships between these three lineages are contentious, and all three have been proposed as basal in different hypotheses.
The following taxonomy only includes living placentals (infraclass Eutheria):
Atlantogenata
Afrotheria
Clade Afroinsectiphilia
Order Macroscelidea
Family Macroscelididae: (20 species), sengis or elephant shrews (Africa)
Order Afrosoricida
Family Tenrecidae: (31 species), tenrecs (Madagascar)
Family Potamogalidae: (3 species), otter-shrews (West and Central Africa)
Family Chrysochloridae: (21 species), golden moles (Africa south of the Sahara)
Order Tubulidentata
Family Orycteropodidae: (1 species), aardvark (Africa south of the Sahara)
Clade Paenungulata
Order Proboscidea
Family Elephantidae: (3 species), elephants (Africa, Southeast Asia)
Order Hyracoidea
Family Procaviidae: (4 species), hyraxes, dassies (Africa, Arabia)
Order Sirenia
Family Dugongidae: (1 species), dugong (East Africa, Red |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan%20Network%20Information%20Center | The Japan Network Information Center (JPNIC) is the National Internet Registry in Japan that manages several aspects of Internet operations, including the allocation of IP addresses and AS numbers.
Historically, JPNIC managed the .jp top-level domain; on 2003-06-30 the management of the .jp domain was transferred to the Japan Registry Service.
JPNIC is a non-profit organization, made up of many members of the Japanese Internet community that have a stake in the internet in Japan. As such, JPNIC provides information, research, and education services to its members, and to the Internet community at large.
External links
JPNIC website
Internet in Japan |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy%20Sit | Nancy Sit Ka-yin (; born 30 March 1950) is a Hong Kong actress on the TVB network. Her acting career dated back to the 1960s, when she was a popular teen idol alongside Connie Chan Po-chu, and Josephine Siao. Sit recorded many albums in her teens, and later served as a mentor to Anita Mui, who went on to become one of the biggest superstars in Hong Kong history.
Sit left the entertainment business after she got married and raised a family, but in the early 1990s, her marriage fell apart when her husband left her. Sit was devastated and has said she contemplated suicide. But she thought of her children, which gave her the will to continue with life. She decided to get back into show business and was able to capitalize on the popularity she had achieved as a teen idol, even though it was so many years later.
She first starred in the long-running series A Kindred Spirit, playing one of the show's central figures. It was the longest-running series in Hong Kong history, with more than 1,000 episodes.
In 1975 she joined to Flatfoot Goes East, a film of Italian director Steno with well-known actor Bud Spencer. In this film, she plays the brief and touching role of a young mother which sacrifices herself to save the life of her son Yoko (Day Golo) from a gangster band.
Sit stars in the sitcoms, Virtues of Harmony and its sequel Virtues of Harmony II. In Virtues of Harmony, Sit plays a boss of a Chinese restaurant in Ming Dynasty, and playing a similar character in a modern setting in its sequel, Virtues of Harmony II.
In 2000, Nancy is the first actress to be awarded the HKSAR Medal of Honour in Hong Kong.
In 2005 Nancy, and co-star William Hung, featured in the Hong Kong movie Where Is Mama's Boy. The accompanying soundtracks included theme songs from the movie that were performed by Nancy, William and Huang Yi-Fei (Wong Yat-Fei).
She also visited several countries, including Singapore and Malaysia, to promote shows in which she performed such as A Kindred Spirit and to host the Channel U variety special.
In late 2009, rumours circulated about Sit in regard to serious health problems (she had surgery to remove Gallstones and cholangitis). Around this time, she was seen walking uneasily and needing assistance in public by her daughter. As of late 2010, Sit appears to have made a full recovery.
Nancy is the first actress to be awarded "Outstanding Women Professionals Award" at "The Outstanding Women Professional and Entrepreneurs Awards 2014" organized by Hong Kong Women Professional & Entrepreneurs Association. The TVB variety show "Walk The Walk, Talk The Talk" she hosted with Wong Cho Lam is also awarded "My Favourite TVB Variety / Infotainment Programme" and "My Favourite TVB Variety Show Host" at Star Hurb Awards 2014 in Singapore.
Filmography
Television
TVB series
RTV / ATV series
Other series
Films
Theater
Program Host
Metro Radio Hong Kong
TVB
RTV
Personal life
Nancy Sit is one of five sisters. Sit has three children from h |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal%20%28electronics%29 | A terminal is the point at which a conductor from a component, device or network comes to an end. Terminal may also refer to an electrical connector at this endpoint, acting as the reusable interface to a conductor and creating a point where external circuits can be connected. A terminal may simply be the end of a wire or it may be fitted with a connector or fastener.
In network analysis, terminal means a point at which connections can be made to a network in theory and does not necessarily refer to any physical object. In this context, especially in older documents, it is sometimes called a pole. On circuit diagrams, terminals for external connections are denoted by empty circles. They are distinguished from nodes or junctions which are entirely internal to the circuit, and are denoted by solid circles.
All electrochemical cells have two terminals (electrodes) which are referred to as the anode and cathode or positive (+) and negative (-). On many dry batteries, the positive terminal (cathode) is a protruding metal cap and the negative terminal (anode) is a flat metal disc . In a galvanic cell such as a common AA battery, electrons flow from the negative terminal to the positive terminal, while the conventional current is opposite to this.
Types of terminals
Connectors
Line splices
Terminal strip, also known as a tag board or tag strip
Solder cups or buckets
Wire wrap connections (wire to board)
Crimp terminals (ring, spade, fork, bullet, blade)
Turret terminals for surface-mount circuits
Crocodile clips
Screw terminals and terminal blocks
Wire nuts, a type of twist-on wire connector
Leads on electronic components
Battery terminals, often using screws or springs
Electrical polarity
See also
Electrical connector - many terminals fall under this category
Electrical termination - a method of signal conditioning
References
Electronic engineering
Electrical components |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU%20Guile | GNU Ubiquitous Intelligent Language for Extensions (GNU Guile) is the preferred extension language system for the GNU Project and features an implementation of the programming language Scheme. Its first version was released in 1993. In addition to large parts of Scheme standards, Guile Scheme includes modularized extensions for many different programming tasks.
For extending programs, Guile offers libguile which allows the language to be embedded in other programs, and integrated closely through the C language application programming interface (API); similarly, new data types and subroutines defined through the C API can be made available as extensions to Guile.
Guile is used in programs such as GnuCash, LilyPond, GNU Debugger, GNU Guix, GNU Make, GNU TeXmacs and Google's schism.
Guile Scheme
Guile Scheme is a general-purpose, high-level programming language whose flexibility allows expressing concepts in fewer lines of code than would be possible in languages such as C. For example, its hygienic macro system allows adding domain specific syntax-elements without modifying Guile. Guile implements the Scheme standard R5RS, most of R6RS and R7RS, several Scheme Requests for Implementation (SRFI), and many extensions of its own.
The core idea of Guile Scheme is that "the developer implements critical algorithms and data structures in C or C++ and exports the functions and types for use by interpreted code. The application becomes a library of primitives orchestrated by the interpreter, combining the efficiency of compiled code with the flexibility of interpretation." Thus Guile Scheme (and other languages implemented by Guile) can be extended with new data types and subroutines implemented through the C API.
The standard distribution offers modules for Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) system calls, scheduling, a foreign function interface, S-expression based XML processing through SXML, SXPath, and SXSLT, HTTP and other World Wide Web APIs, delimited continuations, array programming, and other functionality. Guile programs can use facilities from SLIB, the portable Scheme library.
Implementation details
When using continuations with call/cc, a requirement of the Scheme standard, Guile copies the execution stack into the heap and back. Its manual suggests using delimited continuations instead, because they have a more efficient implementation.
Because foreign code may have pointers to Scheme objects, Guile uses the conservative Boehm–Demers–Weiser (BDW) garbage collector.
History
The Guile manual gives details of the inception and early history of the language. A brief summary follows:
After the success of Emacs in the free software community, as a highly extensible and customizable application via its extension (and partly implementation) language Emacs Lisp, the community began to consider how this design strategy could apply to the rest of the GNU system. Tom Lord initially began work on an embeddable language runtime named |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenSceneGraph | OpenSceneGraph is an open-source 3D graphics application programming interface (library or framework), used by application developers in fields such as visual simulation, computer games, virtual reality, scientific visualization and modeling.
The toolkit is written in standard C++ using OpenGL, and runs on a variety of operating systems including Microsoft Windows, macOS, Linux, IRIX, Solaris and FreeBSD. Since version 3.0.0, OpenSceneGraph also supports application development for mobile platforms, namely iOS and Android.
As of 2021, the project is being succeeded by VulkanSceneGraph project, a Vulkan-based library. OpenSceneGraph is in maintenance phase since 2019.
History
The OpenSceneGraph project was initiated by Don Burns in 1998. Robert Osfield joined the project during 1999, working on porting finished components for Microsoft Windows. The project went open source in September 1999 and the official project website was created. Towards the end of the year Osfield took over the project and began extensive refactoring of the existing codebase, putting emphasis on modernisation, embracing modern C++ standards and design patterns.
In April 2001, taking into account growing community of users and interest of public, Robert Osfield created OpenSceneGraph Professional Services, providing commercial support, consulting and training services. This marks full professionalization of the project.
The first official stable version of OpenSceneGraph was version 1.0, released in 2005. An extended version 2.0 followed in 2007, adding support for multi-core and multi-gpu systems, several important NodeKits and usage of unified multiplatform build system CMake. Books and user handbooks were introduced.
The project has been quickly growing and becoming more popular ever since. There are more than 530 contributors signed under current stable version, and the official mailing list contains thousands of names.
In 2019, the project was moved to a maintenance phase, the main development effort being routed to its successor project VulkanSceneGraph.
Features
Features in version 1.0:
A feature-rich and widely adopted scene graph implementation
Support for performance increasing features
View frustum, small feature and occlusion culling
Level of detail
State sorting and lazy state updating
OpenGL fast paths and latest extensions
Multi-threading and database optimization
Support for OpenGL, from 1.1 through 2.0 including the latest extensions
Tightly coupled support for OpenGL Shading Language, developed in conjunction with 3Dlabs
Support for a wide range of 2D image and 3D database formats, with loaders available for formats such as OpenFlight, TerraPage, OBJ, 3DS, JPEG, PNG and GeoTIFF
Particle effects
Support for anti-aliased TrueType text
Seamless support for framebuffer objects, pbuffers and frame buffer render-to-texture effects
Multi-threaded database paging support, which can be used in conjunction with all 3D database and image load |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TGIF%20%28TV%20programming%20block%29 | TGIF was an American prime time television programming block that has aired on ABC at various points since the late 1980s. The name comes from the initials of the popular phrase "Thank God It's Friday"; however, the stars of the lineup touted the initialism meaning "Thank Goodness It's Funny." In its various incarnations, the block mainly featured situation comedies aimed at a family audience, and served as a lead-in to the long-running newsmagazine 20/20 (which has been part of ABC's Friday night schedule since September 1987, two years prior to the original launch of TGIF).
The block initially premiered on September 22, 1989, marking one of the first attempts by a major network to brand a programming block (a concept that was concurrently becoming popular among cable networks at the time of its inception), with the goal of encouraging young viewers to watch the entire lineup, instead of just a particular show. The "TGIF" block dominated the ratings in the 18–49 demographic for most of the 1990s. However, ratings began declining during the latter half of the decade due partly to Fridays becoming more common for social outings among segments of the block's key demographic as well as the loss and aging quality of many of the lineup's signature shows, culminating in the original incarnation ending after eleven years on September 8, 2000 and lack of quality content.
ABC revived the "TGIF" brand on September 26, 2003, with its second run lasting only two seasons, ending on September 15, 2005. On May 15, 2018, the network announced that it would revive the block, with the third incarnation, which has launched on October 5, 2018. This newest incarnation of TGIF consisted of a mix of sitcoms and game shows. The incarnation was short-lived, with the block ending for the third time on September 27, 2019.
History
ABC Friday-night legacy: 1950s to 1970s
Family-friendly comedies, which featured families with children as major characters, were a staple of ABC's programming dating back to the network's earlier sitcoms from the 1950s onward, such as The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet (which premiered in 1952), Leave It to Beaver (which moved to ABC in 1958, after spending its first season on CBS), The Donna Reed Show (which premiered in 1958), The Flintstones (which premiered in 1960, but was largely an adult-oriented animated comedy until the birth of Pebbles in 1963), The Brady Bunch (which premiered in 1969), and The Partridge Family (which premiered in 1970; that series and The Brady Bunch became part of the Friday night lineup at that time).
Jim Janicek
TGIF was created and executive produced by Jim Janicek. Prior to the official launch of the block, Janicek was employed as a writer and producer for ABC Entertainment, who was in charge of promoting the network's Tuesday- and Friday-night comedy lineups. Recalling his childhood when his family would gather to watch The Wonderful World of Disney, he was inspired to create a family-oriented comedy block |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robyn%20Miller | Robyn Charles Miller (born August 6, 1966) is the co-founder of Cyan Worlds (originally Cyan) with brother Rand Miller. He served as co-designer of the popular computer game Myst, which held the title of best-selling computer game from its release in 1993 until the release of The Sims seven years later. He also co-directed and co-lead designed the sequel to Myst, Riven, which was the best-selling computer game of its year of release, 1997. Miller composed and performed the soundtracks to both games. He also acted in Myst, portraying one of the antagonists, Sirrus (with brother and Cyan-cofounder Rand appearing as Achenar and Atrus). He co-wrote the first Myst novel, The Book of Atrus.
After the release of Riven, Miller left Cyan to pursue non-game interests, including films. He is the director of the 2013 film The Immortal Augustus Gladstone.
Early works
Miller served as a designer on Cyan Worlds's early games The Manhole, Cosmic Osmo and the Worlds Beyond the Mackerel and Spelunx.
Myst and Riven
Miller is known for his contributions in the areas of direction and design, especially in the area of visual design—the look and feel of the Myst and Riven worlds. Richard Vander Wende, co-director and co-designer of Riven, was likewise responsible for orchestrating the visual language of that world.
Composer
While at Cyan, Miller composed the soundtracks for both Myst and Riven.
In 2005 he worked on a musical project named Ambo, with W. Keith Moore.
In December 2013, he released the soundtrack for his debut film The Immortal Augustus Gladstone in digital format on Gumroad.com.
Miller composed the soundtrack for Cyan's Kickstarter-funded video game Obduction, released in August 2016. This was his first work with Cyan since Riven in 1997. Initially, he had only intended to appear in the game itself (as C.W., one of the few human characters the player interacts with), and had outright said he would not do the soundtrack. After persuasion by his brother Rand, as well as seeing the work being done on the game, he eventually agreed to compose the game's music as well as appear in the game. He stated in an interview that he enjoyed focusing solely on composing, as opposed to the additional production work he had done for Myst and Riven.
Director
Miller's debut film project is a fictional documentary film titled The Immortal Augustus Gladstone, a story about a man who believes himself to be a vampire.
Discography
Solo albums:
Myst: The Soundtrack (1995)
Riven: The Soundtrack (1998)
The Immortal Augustus Gladstone - Soundtrack (2013)
Obduction - Original Game Soundtrack (2016)
Obduction Redacted - B Sides (EP, 2016)
Little Potato (2017)
As a member of Ambo:
1000 Years and 1 Day (2005)
Ambo – Day Two - B-Sides (EP, 2005)
Filmography
See also
List of ambient music artists
References
External links
Main sites
Official blog
Robyn Miller profile at OverClocked ReMix
Robyn Miller at VGMdb
Articles and other
Robyn Miller article a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN%2B%20%28TV%20network%29 | CNN+ (CNN Plus) was a Spanish 24-hour television news channel. Launched in 1999 as a joint venture by Sogecable (a subsidiary of Prisa) and Turner Broadcasting System (a unit of Time Warner which owned CNN), it went off the air at the end of 28 December 2010. The management announced that CNN+ would be closed on December 31, 2010 because of low ratings and financial losses.
The slogan was Está pasando, lo estás viendo (It's happening, you're watching it). By 2008, there were other 24-hour television channels — Intereconomía TV and TVE 24h — and CNN+ was no longer the audience leader in this type of general information. Also, CNN+'s ratings were low, peaking at 0.6%.
On December 18, 2009, the channels of Sogecable, a Prisa business, merged into the Gestevisión Telecinco, which already controlled Spain's Telecinco channel.
The channel went off the air at 11:59 p.m. (Spanish time) on 28 December 2010. On digital terrestrial television (DTT), it was replaced with Gran Hermano 24 horas, a television channel dedicated to the 24-hour coverage of the reality show Gran Hermano, the Spanish version of Big Brother franchise (see also Gran Hermano (Spanish season 12)), and since 1 March 2011 by Divinity.
References
External links
CNN+ at LyngSat Address
CNN
PRISA TV
Defunct television channels in Spain
Television channels and stations established in 1999
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2010
Spanish-language television stations
24-hour television news channels in Spain
Turner Broadcasting System Spain
Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Batchelor | John Calvin Batchelor (born April 29, 1948) is an American author and the host of Eye on the World on the CBS Audio Network. His flagship station is New York's 710 WOR. The show is a hard-news-analysis radio program on current events, world history, global politics and natural sciences.
For five years, from early 2001 to September 2006, based at AM 770 WABC radio in New York, his radio program The John Batchelor Show was syndicated nationally on the ABC radio network. On October 7, 2007, Batchelor returned to radio on WABC, and later to other large market stations on a weekly basis. As of November 30, 2009, Batchelor was once again hosting a nightly show on WABC, from 9 p.m. to 1a.m. Eastern Time and heard in many major markets across the country through what eventually became the Westwood One network.
The program for a time was heard seven nights a week, using prerecorded material on weekends. Later, it aired Monday through Friday on WABC and many Westwood One network affiliates. Batchelor describes the show as a "news magazine" since he does not take phone calls from listeners but does a series of interviews with guests and reporters. The show's run on Westwood One ended in March 2021 as part of a reorganization at WABC, after which Batchelor almost immediately began his current show with CBS.
Early life and education
Batchelor was born in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, to an Assyrian mother from Iran and a Midwestern American father. He was raised primarily in the Lower Merion Township of Montgomery County in Pennsylvania's 13th congressional district. His mother and father both served in the United States Army during World War II; his father also served in the Korean War. Batchelor is the eldest of five brothers. He is a 1970 graduate of Princeton University. He briefly studied at the University of Edinburgh and is also a graduate of Union Theological Seminary in New York.
Broadcasting
Batchelor and Alexander
John Batchelor co-hosted Batchelor and Alexander with writer Paul Alexander on WABC in New York for over two years. They focused on international issues with special attention to Middle East-based terrorism. Batchelor described their approach: "Our model is the BBC World Service, with music and live interviews, but without English accents." Alexander quipped: "We're not NPR, where they do setups to things on tape. Well, we could be NPR on drugs."
Three days before the September 11 attacks, they presented a four-hour WABC show on the USS Cole bombing, interviewing several guests.
Alexander left the show in December 2003 to pursue work as a playwright and biographer.
The John Batchelor Show
The John Batchelor Show began its national syndication in April 2003. The program airs 20 hours a week on roughly 200 stations. Its focus is geopolitics, economics, war, history, hard sciences, literature, private space, whimsy, etc. Historically, it carried nightly (Mon-Fri) the "Loftus Report" featuring the intelligence commentator John Lo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Bugs%20Bunny%20Crazy%20Castle | The Bugs Bunny Crazy Castle, known in Japan as for the Family Computer Disk System, is a 1989 puzzle video game developed by Kemco for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It was also released for the Game Boy in Japan as and in North America as the same name as the North American NES release. It is the first game in Kemco's Crazy Castle series and the only one that was released for a home console; the four subsequent games in the series were released on handheld devices. (This only includes games with the Crazy Castle title; a game in the Japanese Mickey Mouse series was reworked into Kid Klown in Night Mayor World, which saw an NES release and a sequel on Super NES but was not otherwise connected with the North American Crazy Castle games.)
Three different versions starred three different cartoon characters: Bugs Bunny, and Disney's Roger Rabbit and Mickey Mouse, and were first released in 1989. The object of the game is to guide Bugs through a series of rooms collecting carrots to advance through the levels. However, four other Looney Tunes characters are wandering the castle in a bid to stop Bugs: Sylvester, Daffy Duck, Yosemite Sam, and Wile E. Coyote.
The Japanese Game Boy version was followed by a sequel, Mickey Mouse II, in 1991.
Gameplay
While presented in a side-scroller format, Crazy Castle differs from standard side-scrollers such as Super Mario Bros. in that Bugs Bunny does not have the ability to jump; therefore, only by taking different routes can Bugs avoid enemies. Some of the levels have boxing gloves, invincibility potions, safes, crates, flower pots, or ten thousand-pound weights that can be used against the enemies in the game. As a result, the game has a "puzzle-solving" atmosphere.
Players score 100 points for every carrot with the last one in each floor giving the player an extra life, 100 points for every enemy defeated using invincibility bottles, 500 points per enemy using boxing glove, and 1000 points per enemy that gets hit with heavy objects. Because most NES game cartridges lacked the ability to save, passwords can be used to start at a certain level in this game.
Plot
Honey Bunny has been kidnapped by Wile E. Coyote, Yosemite Sam, Daffy Duck, and Sylvester. Bugs must travel through 60 levels (80 in the Game Boy version) in order to save her. To get past each level, Bugs must collect all 8 carrots in each level.
Characters
There are four minions - Sylvester, Daffy Duck, Wile E. Coyote and Yosemite Sam. However, the Sylvester character has three variations - two gray, one green and one pink, Daffy has two variations, one being dark gray and one brown, and Yosemite Sam being either in blue or brown.
Gray Sylvester - can only travel up a floor or a tube; cannot bypass a door or tube without going through it; cannot go under staircases; cannot stop moving; two of this kind can be used in a single level.
Green Sylvester - can travel both up and down a floor or tube; can bypass a door or tube without going through |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point%20Pleasant%20%28TV%20series%29 | Point Pleasant is a television series that aired on the Fox Network from January 19 to March 17, 2005.
Point Pleasant boasted many of the same crew behind the scenes as Fox's other shortly withdrawn series, Tru Calling. Point Pleasant received the green lights three days after production of Tru Calling ceased. 13 episodes were filmed, but due to low ratings, Fox only aired episodes 1–8 in the United States. Episodes 9–11 aired in Sweden, all episodes aired in New Zealand on back to back weekdays in mid-2007, all episodes aired in The Netherlands in 2008 and the last two episodes are included on the DVD release.
Most of the music featured in the series was replaced for the DVD release due to licensing issues.
The show's executive producer was Marti Noxon, who worked closely with Joss Whedon for several seasons on Buffy the Vampire Slayer. For this reason, Point Pleasant initially drew in many of that show's fans, but Point Pleasant had a distinct "soapy" flavor, more in the vein of shows like Melrose Place or The O.C. than Buffy. The resulting drop in viewership eventually led to the show's cancellation. However, advocates of the show point to its gothic tone, its tempered, surprisingly subtle use of special effects, and the potential of the overall plotline as solid reasons the show should have stayed on the air. The plots emphasized humanity's self-centeredness and cruelty to one another as primal reasons for evil.
In 2009, episodes of the series were shown on the Chiller network, including the episodes never shown on Fox.
Synopsis
A young girl named Christina washes up on the shore near Point Pleasant Beach, New Jersey during a violent storm. After being resuscitated by lifeguard Jesse Parker, the girl is taken in by the family of a local doctor, the Kramers, and quickly befriends their teenage daughter, Judy. The show follows Christina's attempts to discover who she really is, and to learn what happened to her mother, who disappeared shortly after Christina was born.
It soon becomes apparent that Christina's presence has a strange, profound effect on the people around her. Emotions are heightened, repressed feelings and secret desires awakened, and inhibitions weakened, turning what once were friendly competitions into bitter rivalries, romantic rivals into violent enemies, and so on. Freak "accidents" have a way of befalling those with whom Christina becomes angry.
Sinister forces have their eye on Christina, believing it is the girl's destiny, as the "child of darkness", to "bring [the world] to its knees". Christina is the Antichrist, the child of Satan. The resulting tension between the good and evil aspects of the girl's nature provides the basis for much of the show's conflict and suspense.
Christina is plagued by terrifying visions of death and destruction, glimpses of the dark future she seems destined to help bring about. A handsome, charming stranger named Lucas Boyd arrives in town, determined to help guide Christina toward |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viper%20Dart | Viper Dart is an American sounding rocket originally developed in 1972. Space Data Corporation (SDC) developed the vehicle as a mean to increase the apogee of the Super Loki boosted PWN-12A dart. The PWN-12A dart is the non-propulsive second stage that contains a ROBINSphere (Radar OBservable INflation Sphere). The ROBINSphere is a calibrated weight inflatable 1 meter diameter radar reflecting balloon, weighing in at about 150 grams. The weight is measured within one-half gram.
The Viper IIIA boosted PWN-12A dart has a maximum apogee of 120 km (74.56 mi), a diameter of 0.11 m and a length of 3.40 m.
The Viper II version had a ceiling of 150 km, a diameter of 0.18 m and a length of 3.40 m. This vehicle configurations flew less than 100 missions as a meteorological rocket and last flew in 1988 at White Sands Missile Range, NM..
References
External links
Viper Dart
Sounding rockets of the United States |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jak%20II | Jak II is an action-adventure video game developed by Naughty Dog and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 2 in 2003. It is the second game of the Jak and Daxter series and both a sequel and prequel to Jak and Daxter: The Precursor Legacy. It was followed by Jak 3 the following year in 2004.
The game features new weapons and devices, new playable areas, and a storyline that picks up after the events of Jak and Daxter: The Precursor Legacy. The player takes on the dual role of protagonists Jak and Daxter.
Jak II received critical acclaim upon release. Critics applauded the game for being very polished in nearly every department, with many agreeing it was one of the best PlayStation 2 games released at the time. Some criticism, however, was directed at the checkpoint systems, darker tone, and high difficulty. The game is notorious among gamers for being one of the most difficult games on the PlayStation 2.
Gameplay
The core gameplay of Jak II remains somewhat similar to that of the previous game, with a recurring reliance on platforming challenges and vehicle usage. However, it is significantly different in some areas. The Eco timed power-up gameplay from the previous game has been removed, and introduction of weapons such as the Morph Gun, a multipurpose firearm, adds a greater emphasis on enemy combat. The player can unlock four different gun mods for the gun as they play through the game; the shotgun-esque Scatter Gun for close range fighting, the semi-automatic Blaster, for long-range fighting, the Vulcan Fury, a high rate-of-fire weapon in the fashion of a minigun, the bullets of which deal less damage per round compared to the Blaster but are able to pierce enemies and breakables so it can hit multiple targets with a single round, and the Peace Maker, which fires charged blasts of energy, and is extremely powerful, chaining an instant kill energy between enemies that are in close proximity to each other. The game also inherits the melee abilities of the prior game, and chaining a melee attack into a weapon fire usually increases the effect of the gun. For example, the Scatter Gun fires quicker than normal, the Blaster fires three shots at once, and the Vulcan Fury immediately reaches its maximum fire rate, but only if a melee strike is done right before the Morph Gun is fired.
Haven City functions as the game hub world, with various other environments accessible from it. Here, Jak can access new missions by visiting various allied characters. These missions serve as a replacement for the previous game's Power Cell collection driven gameplay in the first installment of the series. Throughout the game, the player can collect Precursor Orbs which are sparsely dispersed throughout the various worlds. The Orbs are non-essential to completion of the game but allow the player to unlock cheats and other "secret" content. Jak can traverse the large city using hover vehicles and a jet-board which allows him to hover across |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KDB | KDB may refer to:
Organizations
Kansas Dental Board, US
Korea Development Bank
State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus
Soviet Committee for State Security (Ukraine)
Computing
Kdb+, a database server
KDB, a Linux kernel debugger
Other uses
KDB (FM), a radio station, Santa Barbara, California, US
KDB (Brunei) (Royal Brunei Ship), ship prefix
Kidbrooke railway station, London, England (National Rail station code)
Kambalda Airport, IATA airport code "KDB"
Kevin De Bruyne, Belgian footballer
Kirby's Dream Buffet, a 2022 party game
See also
Beechcraft MQM-61 Cardinal, a target drone, formerly KDB-1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wug | Wug or WUG may refer to:
Wake Up, Girls!, a Japanese mixed-media project, consists of idol group/seiyuu unit and anime series
Wireless user group, a wireless network run by enthusiasts
, the original title of Max Weber's magnum opus Economy and Society
Universiade (translated as World University Games), an international athletic event for university students
An imaginary creature depicted in the psycholinguistic investigative tool known as the Wug Test
, the State Mining Authority in Poland |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WNYA | WNYA (channel 51) is a television station licensed to Pittsfield, Massachusetts, United States, serving New York's Capital District as an affiliate of MyNetworkTV. It is owned by Hubbard Broadcasting alongside Albany-licensed NBC affiliate WNYT (channel 13). Both stations share studios on North Pearl Street in Menands (with an Albany postal address), while WNYA's transmitter is located on the Helderberg Escarpment west of New Salem.
The station uses its main cable channel position of 4 on Charter Spectrum and Verizon Fios for marketing purposes as My 4 Albany, only mentioning their actual channel number on-air during maintenance sign-off disclosures. Despite Pittsfield being WNYA's city of license, the station maintains no physical presence there.
History
Establishment of channel 51
What today is WNYA can indirectly trace its history to WVUW, an un-built station on channel 51 in Pittsfield. WVUW was granted a construction permit in 1984, but was deleted by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in 1990. In October 1996, Pappas Telecasting applied for a new permit for this allocation; however, in 2001, the FCC placed the channel up for auction. In addition to Pappas, which by then planned to use the station as an Azteca América affiliate, bidders included Hubbard Broadcasting, Equity Broadcasting, the Trinity Broadcasting Network, and Venture Technologies Group. When the auction took place in February 2002, Venture Technologies ended up with the winning bid for $1.3 million. The FCC granted the construction permit and the WNYA call sign to Venture a year later. To accommodate the new WNYA, WNYT moved its Adams translator, which had broadcast on channel 51 since 1984, to channel 38.
UPN Capital Region
In February 2003, Venture Technologies signed a joint sales agreement (JSA) with Freedom Communications, then-owner of CBS affiliate WRGB (channel 6); this allowed WNYA to operate from WRGB's studios in Niskayuna. Soon afterward, WNYA secured an affiliation with UPN, replacing "WEDG-TV," a cable-only station operated as a partnership of WXXA-TV (channel 23) and Time Warner Cable.
On May 22, 2003, Venture purchased WVBX-LP (channel 39) in Easton from Vision 3 Broadcasting, a station that a year earlier had been granted a construction permit to upgrade to class A service and move to channel 15 from a transmitter in the Helderberg Mountains in New Scotland, in effect moving WVBX to Albany. Venture took channel 39 off-the-air that June, built the channel 15 facility, gave it the call letters WNYA-CA on June 30, 2003, and announced that the station would serve as a WNYA repeater; this created the unusual circumstance of a repeater station older than its parent station, as WVBX had signed on in 1997 as part of a network of low-power stations based at WVBG-LP (channel 25) in Albany, which itself served as the Capital District's UPN affiliate from 1998 until the launch of "WEDG-TV" in 2000.
On September 1, 2003, WNYA launched using the branding "UP |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norton%20Internet%20Security | Norton Internet Security, developed by Symantec Corporation, is a discontinued computer program that provides malware protection and removal during a subscription period. It uses signatures and heuristics to identify viruses. Other features include a personal firewall, email spam filtering, and phishing protection. With the release of the 2015 line in summer 2014, Symantec officially retired Norton Internet Security after 14 years as the chief Norton product. It was superseded by Norton Security, a rechristened adaptation of the Norton 360 security suite.
Symantec distributed the product as a download, a boxed CD, and as OEM software. Some retailers distributed it on a flash drive. Norton Internet Security held a 61% market share in the United States retail security suite category in the first half of 2007.
History
In August 1990, Symantec acquired Peter Norton Computing from Peter Norton. Norton and his company developed various applications for DOS, including an antivirus. Symantec continued the development of the acquired technologies, marketed under the name of "Norton", with the tagline "from Symantec". Norton's crossed-arm pose, a registered U.S. trademark, was featured on Norton product packaging. However, his pose later moved to the spine of the packaging, and then disappeared.
Users of the 2006 and later versions could upgrade to the replacement software without buying a new subscription. The upgraded product retains the earlier product's subscription data.
Releases were named by year but have internal version numbers as well. The internal version number was advanced to 15.x in the 2008 edition to match the Norton AntiVirus release of the same year. As of the 2013 (20.x) release the product dropped the year from its name, although it still was referenced in some venues.
2000 (1.0, 2.0)
Norton Internet Security 2000, released January 10, 2000, was Symantec's first foray beyond virus protection and content filters. Its release followed an alliance between Internet provider Excite@Home and antivirus vendor McAfee.com to provide Internet subscribers with McAfee's new firewall software, McAfee Personal Firewall. Version 2000s firewall, based on AtGuard from WRQ, filters traffic at the packet level. It could block ActiveX controls and Java applets. Other features included cookie removal, and banner ad blocking. ZDNet found the ad blocker to remove graphics that were not ads, breaking pages. Adjusting the settings fixed the problem, however the process was complicated. ZDNet noted the lack of information presented concerning attacks the firewall blocked. Norton LiveUpdate downloads and installs program updates.
The Family Edition adds parental controls. Parental controls were backed by a quality control team of 10 people who searched the web for inappropriate content. Found content was categorized in subject matter and placed on a blacklist of about 36,000 sites. A designated administrator could add blocked sites, however the pre-supplied |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datastream | Datastream is a type of broadband network connection in the United Kingdom. Datastream is a wholesale product in which the wholesale customer can purchase connectivity between their own point of presence and a number of end users. Some authors use the term "datastream" for replacing the term dataflow to avoid confusion with dataflow computing or dataflow architecture, based on an indeterministic machine paradigm (a research scene which is dead meanwhile).
Technical details
The connections between the end users and the Other Logical Operator (OLO) (the wholesale customer of the DataStream product) were provided in three parts.
BT provided connectivity between the end user and the nearest BT Serving Exchange via asymmetric digital subscriber line, symmetric digital subscriber line, and fibre to the x. The end user access line could have a bandwidth ranging between 288 kbit/s and 8,128 kbit/s (8 Mibit/s) downstream and up to 832 kbit/s upstream for Asymmetric digital subscriber line, and up to 2048 kbit/s (2 Mibit/s) for Symmetric digital subscriber line. For fibre-based connections, speeds can be as high as 100 Mbit/s although most connections of this type are fibre from exchange to cabinet so therefore limited to a maximum of 40 Mbit/s.
For each serving exchange involved in providing end user access lines, a virtual path is provisioned to a BT ATM switch on BT's core network. A virtual path can range in size from 250 kbit/s to 34 Mbit/s. One or more Digital Subscriber Line Digital Multiplexers at the serving exchange combine the traffic from the end user access lines for delivery to the ATM switch.
From the BT switch, the traffic from the various virtual paths is combined and an ATM Customer Access Link (CAL) is used to connect to the Network Terminating Equipment (NTE) at the wholesale customer's point of presence.
Comparison to IPStream and LLU
IPstream, DataStream, and local loop unbundling (LLU) are all products that can be used for the delivery of bit-stream products, but represent different degrees of involvement from BT. In the case of LLU, the OLO has direct access to the twisted pair delivered to the end-user's NTE and has near total control of the connection from end-to-end. With DataStream, BT still manages the DSL multiplexing equipment at the various local exchanges, and hands off the aggregated traffic to the OLO at one or a few points of presence. With IPStream, BT also provides the IP transport services
External links
Technical Information on Datastream from thinkbroadband.com
Conditions for BT Datastream Service from BT
Digital subscriber line
Telecommunications in the United Kingdom |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ananias%20Davisson | Ananias Davisson (February 2, 1780 – October 21, 1857) was a singing school teacher, printer and compiler of shape note tunebooks. He is best known for his 1816 compilation Kentucky Harmony, which is the first Southern shape-note tunebook. According to musicologist George Pullen Jackson, Davisson's compilations are "pioneer repositories of a sort of song that the rural South really liked."
Life and career
Davisson was born February 2, 1780, in Shenandoah County, Virginia. His wife was named Ann (surname unknown); they had no children. In 1804 he bought land in Rockingham County, supplementing his income as a farmer by conducting singing classes in the Shenandoah Valley. He established a printing shop in Harrisonburg in 1816, and in that year published the Kentucky Harmony, the first Southern shape note tunebook. As a printer, he cultivated a network of singing school teachers and composers in Virginia, Tennessee, and Kentucky who sold his tunebooks and sent him their own compositions. He spent his last years living on a farm at Weyer's Cave, about 14 miles from Dayton, Virginia, and died October 21, 1857. He is buried in the Massanutten-Cross Keys Cemetery, Rockingham County, Virginia. Davisson was a member and ruling elder of the Presbyterian Church, active in the Presbytery of Winchester and the Synod of Virginia.
The Kentucky Harmony and early printing activities
There are records of a printing firm in Harrisburg called Davidson and Bourne active 1812-1816; there are reasons for believing that Davidson is a variant spelling of Davisson, who obtained shape note fonts and began a separate enterprise for publishing music in 1816. The Kentucky Harmony was printed early in 1816, and the same fonts were used later in the year to publish Joseph Funk's "Allgemein nützliche Choral-Music", a Mennonite tunebook in German, so it is believed that Davisson was the printer of Funk's tune book.
The invention of shape notes in Philadelphia in 1801 had greatly enlarged the market for printed music. Even during the Davidson and Bourne days, Davisson traveled extensively to supplement his income by teaching singing schools. Sometime during 1815-1816 he acquired shape note fonts and began to print music. Following the pattern of John Wyeth, who targeted his Repository of Sacred Music (1810, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania) to Calvinists, and the Part Second of the Repository (1813) to Methodists and Baptists, Davisson targeted the Kentucky Harmony to his fellow Presbyterians, and the Supplement to the Kentucky Harmony to Methodists. However, the idea, first used in the Repository, Part Second of 1813, of collecting folk tunes, harmonizing them, and using them as vehicles for hymn texts, was followed by Davisson from the very first. In contrast, the music advocated in New England and the Midwest by the "Better Music Boys" (e.g. Lowell Mason, Thomas Hastings, and others) sought to emulate European styles, while denigrating William Billings and other composers of the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perpetual%20Entertainment | Perpetual Entertainment, founded in March 2002, was an American developer, publisher and operator of networked multiplayer games and MMORPGs. Their headquarters was located in San Francisco, California, United States. From October 2007 to February 2008 (following a transfer of assets) the company was known as P2 Entertainment. The company was best known for its development of two MMOs: Star Trek Online and Gods & Heroes: Rome Rising.
Products
As Perpetual Entertainment, the company had previously developed to beta status Gods & Heroes: Rome Rising, which was put on indefinite hold in October 2007 after several rounds of layoffs. At that time, the company announced an intent to focus exclusively on Star Trek Online. On or after 14 January 2008 it was reported that the company had ceased development of the Star Trek license, which was transferred to Cryptic Studios.
Perpetual was also developing the Perpetual Entertainment Platform (PEP), a complete solution for developing, hosting, monitoring, and operating any networked online game. The PEP would have enabled games to simultaneously function on a wide variety of consumer game devices, including PCs, videogame consoles, cell phones, and hand-held computers. One notable licensee of this platform was BioWare.
The Perpetual Game Engine, a suite of reusable game tools and libraries for high-quality and stable development of networked games of all genres, was also being developed.
Company liquidation
After a previous round of layoffs in December 2006, Perpetual underwent several further rounds of layoffs and staff defections in September and October 2007, before finally announcing the indefinite suspension of Gods & Heroes to allow the company to focus its efforts on Star Trek Online.
Subsequent to this announcement on October 10, 2007, Perpetual Entertainment Inc. transferred ownership of all its assets including Star Trek Online to Perpetual LLC, for liquidation and distribution of liquidation proceeds to creditors of Perpetual.
Shortly thereafter, Perpetual Entertainment's IP was "picked up" by P2 Entertainment, though the management remained unchanged. On January 14, 2008, it was announced that the company was no longer developing Star Trek Online, and that the Intellectual Property license, as well as game content, but not the game code, had been transferred to a Bay Area game developer. It was later confirmed that the new owner was Cryptic Studios.
In December 2007, a well-publicized lawsuit was bought by PR Firm Kohnke Communications against Perpetual. On January 24, 2008, it was announced that the suit had been dismissed following a mutual resolution by both parties.
On February 25, 2008, it was announced by several sources that P2 was closing its doors entirely. The company's websites have been shut down.
References
External links
Official website for Star Trek: Online, now run by Cryptic Studios
Defunct video game companies of the United States
Video game development companies
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KCND | KCND (90.5 FM) is a public radio station licensed to Bismarck. It signed on the air in 1981 as Prairie Public Radio, which later became part of the statewide North Dakota Public Radio network, the entirety of which was later renamed Prairie Public Radio. It currently broadcasts with an effective radiated power of 50 kW on 90.5 MHz.
External links
Prairie Public radio website
CND
CND
NPR member stations |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macquarium | A Macquarium is an aquarium made to sit within the shell of an Apple Macintosh computer. The term was coined by computer writer Andy Ihnatko as a joke (a jibe at then outdated Macintosh 512K) but Macquariums have since been built both by Ihnatko himself and by others.
Ihnatko originally designed his Macquarium to use the Compact Macintosh-style shell. In the early 1990s several Mac models in this form factor (the Macintosh 128K, Macintosh 512K and Macintosh Plus) were becoming obsolete, and Ihnatko considered that turning one into an aquarium might be "the final upgrade" — as well as an affordable way to have a color Compact Mac. He has mentioned in interviews that he had seen previous, over-complex attempts at Macintosh aquariums at trade shows that among other drawbacks suffered from noticeable water level lines across the "screen" that spoiled the illusion of a "really good screensaver", which drove him to design a version without a visible water line and which allowed the external case of the donor Mac to remain intact.
Ihnatko's slant-front tank design, made of glass, had a nominal capacity of approximately 10 liters (2.2 UK gallons or 2.5 US gallons). Some subsequent designs have utilized acrylic glass or lexan. Because of its small capacity relative to most other aquariums, the Macquarium is considered a form of pico aquarium, which requires a higher level of diligence to maintain proper water chemistry and cleanliness.
Some of the Macquariums built by others on an individual basis, the versions that Ihnatko refers to as "overly complex", were constructed with parts from two sources located closer to Apple headquarters a 1 Infinite Loop on De Anza Blvd in Cupertino, CA. Across the street from each other was the Tropical Fish Factory and a retail location for Tap Plastics, a supplier of scrap and custom acrylic plastic. The Tropical Fish Factory was one of Northern California's largest aquarium products and live fish retailers. Both businesses are now gone, but their impact on Macquariums will remain. How these Macquariums differed is that the actual Macintosh shell was the aquarium where vent holes and the screen was sealed so that it could hold water.
Macquariums are often stocked with 2-3 goldfish which do not require tank heaters and are cheap. But because goldfish grow large, have high oxygen requirements and are messy eaters they require much larger tanks for survival, Siamese fighting fish and small shrimp are better options.
Other Mac models have similarly been made into aquariums such as the iMac, Macintosh TV, the Apple Lisa and the Power Mac G4 Cube. Various iMac models have been used to make "iMacquariums". By 1995, a Macquarium based on a Macintosh LC 575 appeared in a Macintosh magazine titled "Macquarium '95".
The term "Macquarium" as it refers to the Macintosh-based aquarium is unrelated to the Atlanta, Georgia, user experience firm Macquarium Intelligent Communications.
Footnotes
External links
iMacquariums built |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Versioning%20file%20system | A versioning file system is any computer file system which allows a computer file to exist in several versions at the same time. Thus it is a form of revision control. Most common versioning file systems keep a number of old copies of the file. Some limit the number of changes per minute or per hour to avoid storing large numbers of trivial changes. Others instead take periodic snapshots whose contents can be accessed using methods similar as those for normal file access.
Similar technologies
Backup
A versioning file system is similar to a periodic backup, with several key differences.
Backups are normally triggered on a timed basis, while versioning occurs when the file changes.
Backups are usually system-wide or partition-wide, while versioning occurs independently on a file-by-file basis.
Backups are normally written to separate media, while versioning file systems write to the same hard drive (and normally the same folder, directory, or local partition).
In comparison to revision control systems
Versioning file systems provide some of the features of revision control systems. However, unlike most revision control systems, they are transparent to users, not requiring a separate "commit" step to record a new revision.
Journaling file system
Versioning file systems should not be confused with journaling file systems. Whereas journaling file systems work by keeping a log of the changes made to a file before committing those changes to that file system (and overwriting the prior version), a versioning file system keeps previous copies of a file when saving new changes. The two features serve different purposes and are not mutually exclusive.
Object Storage
Some Object storage implementations offers object versioning such as Amazon S3.
Implementations
ITS
An early implementation of versioning, possibly the first, was in MIT's ITS. In ITS, a filename consisted of two six-character parts; if the second part was numeric (consisted only of digits), it was treated as a version number. When specifying a file to open for read or write, one could supply a second part of ">"; when reading, this meant to open the highest-numbered version of the file; when writing, it meant to increment the highest existing version number and create the new version for writing.
Another early implementation of versioning was in TENEX, which became TOPS-20.
Files-11 (RSX-11 and OpenVMS)
A powerful example of a file versioning system is built into the RSX-11 and OpenVMS operating system from Digital Equipment Corporation. In essence, whenever an application opens a file for writing, the file system automatically creates a new instance of the file, with a version number appended to the name. Version numbers start at 1 and count upward as new instances of a file are created. When an application opens a file for reading, it can either specify the exact file name including version number, or just the file name without the version number, in which case the most |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic%20communication%20network | An electronic communication network (ECN) is a type of computerized forum or network that facilitates the trading of financial products outside traditional stock exchanges. An ECN is generally an electronic system that widely disseminates orders entered by market makers to third parties and permits the orders to be executed against in whole or in part. The primary products that are traded on ECNs are stocks and currencies. ECNs are generally passive computer-driven networks that internally match limit orders and charge a very small per share transaction fee (often a fraction of a cent per share).
The first ECN, Instinet, was created in 1969. ECNs increase competition among trading firms by lowering transaction costs, giving clients full access to their order books, and offering order matching outside traditional exchange hours. ECNs are sometimes also referred to as alternative trading systems or alternative trading networks.
History
The term ECN was used by the SEC to define, "any electronic system that widely disseminates to third parties orders entered therein by an exchange market maker or OTC market maker, and permits such orders to be executed against in whole or in part". The first ECN, the Instinet, was released in 1969 and provided an early application of the advances in computing. The spread of ECNs was encouraged through changes in regulatory law set forth by the SEC, and in 1975 the SEC adopted the Securities Acts Amendments of 1975, encouraging the "linking of all markets for qualified securities through communication and data processing facilities".
ECNs have complicated stock exchanges through their interaction with NASDAQ. One of the key developments in the history of ECNs was the NASDAQ over-the-counter quotation system. NASDAQ was created following a 1969 American Stock Exchange study which estimated that errors in the processing of handwritten securities orders cost brokerage firms approximately $100 million per year. The NASDAQ system automated such order processing and provided brokers with the latest competitive price quotes via a computer terminal. In March 1994, a study by two economists, William Christie and Paul Schultz, noted that NASDAQ bid–ask spreads were larger than was statistically likely, indicating "We are unable to envision any scenario in which 40 to 60 dealers who are competing for order flow would simultaneously and consistently avoid using odd-eighth quotes without an implicit agreement to post quotes only on the even price fractions. However, our data do not provide direct evidence of tacit collusion among NASDAQ market makers".
These results led to an antitrust lawsuit being filed against NASDAQ. As part of NASDAQ's settlement of the antitrust charges, NASDAQ adopted new order handling rules that integrated ECNs into the NASDAQ system. Shortly after this settlement, the SEC adopted Regulation ATS, which permitted ECNs the option of registering as stock exchanges or else being regulated under a separat |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retriangulation%20of%20Great%20Britain | The Retriangulation of Great Britain was a triangulation project carried out between 1935 and 1962 that sought to improve the accuracy of maps of Great Britain. Data gathered from the retriangulation replaced data gathered during the Principal Triangulation of Great Britain, which had been performed between 1783 and 1851.
The work was designed to form a complete new survey control network for the whole country, and to unify the mapping of the United Kingdom from local county projections into a single national datum projection and reference system. Its completion led to the establishment of the OSGB36 datum and Ordnance Survey National Grid in use today.
History and overview
The retriangulation was begun in 1935 by the Director General of the Ordnance Survey, Major-General Malcolm MacLeod. It was directed by the cartographer and mathematician Martin Hotine, head of the Trigonometrical and Levelling Division (TLD).
The work was halted by the outbreak of World War II in 1939, by which time the primary triangulation network covered all of England and Wales, but only as far as the Moray Firth in Scotland. Secondary triangulation had commenced in 1938, and after the end of the war, the retriangulation work was focused on secondary and lower-order survey work, to expedite the completion of new large-scale surveys.
The wartime priorities of the TLD were focused on survey work in connection with the war effort, such as airfield and military construction, survey and computations for anti-aircraft and coastal battery positions, and survey of radiolocation sites. One-third of the Ordnance Survey staff were called up during the war, and the headquarters in Southampton was bombed and badly damaged. Staff were relocated to the Home Counties, where they produced 1:25,000 scale maps of France, Italy, Germany and most of the rest of Europe in preparation for invasion. Primary triangulation observations were not resumed until 1949, and completed in 1952.
A problem during the Principal Triangulation was that the exact locations of surveying stations were not always rediscoverable, relying on buried markers and unreliable local knowledge. To overcome this, a network of permanent surveying stations was built, most familiarly the concrete triangulation pillars (about 6,500 of them) found on many British Isles hill and mountain tops, but there were many other kinds of surveying stations used.
To minimise differences between the 1783–1851 survey and the retriangulation, eleven Principal Triangulation stations, ranging from Dunnose on the Isle of Wight to Great Whernside in Yorkshire, were chosen and pillars erected on them to act as the core framework from which all other measurements were made.
The main work of the Retriangulation was finished in 1962, creating the Ordnance Survey National Grid. This system continued to be used, and measurements refined by ground-based surveying, into the 1980s, after which satellite use took over. Electronic measuring devices |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic%20generation%20model | A traffic generation model is a stochastic model of the traffic flows or data sources in a communication network, for example a cellular network or a computer network. A packet generation model is a traffic generation model of the packet flows or data sources in a packet-switched network. For example, a web traffic model is a model of the data that is sent or received by a user's web-browser. These models are useful during the development of telecommunication technologies, in view to analyse the performance and capacity of various protocols, algorithms and network topologies .
Application
The network performance can be analyzed by network traffic measurement in a testbed network, using a network traffic generator such as iperf, bwping and Mausezahn. The traffic generator sends dummy packets, often with a unique packet identifier, making it possible to keep track of the packet delivery in the network.
Numerical analysis using network simulation is often a less expensive approach.
An analytical approach using queueing theory may be possible for a simplified traffic model but is often too complicated if a realistic traffic model is used.
The greedy source model
A simplified packet data model is the greedy source model. It may be useful in analyzing the maximum throughput for best-effort traffic (without any quality-of-service guarantees). Many traffic generators are greedy sources.
Poisson traffic model
Another simplified traditional traffic generation model for packet data, is the Poisson process, where the number of incoming packets and/or the packet lengths are modeled as an exponential distribution. When the packets interarrival time is exponential, with constant packet size it resembles an M/D/1 system. When both packet inter arrivals and sizes are exponential, it is an M/M/1 queue:
Long-tail traffic models
However, the Poisson traffic model is memoryless, which means that it does not reflect the bursty nature of packet data, also known as the long-range dependency. For a more realistic model, a self-similar process such as the Pareto distribution can be used as a long-tail traffic model.
Payload data model
The actual content of the payload data is typically not modeled, but replaced by dummy packets. However, if the payload data is to be analyzed on the receiver side, for example regarding bit-error rate, a Bernoulli process is often assumed, i.e. a random sequence of independent binary numbers. In this case, a channel model reflects channel impairments such as noise, interference and distortion.
3GPP2 model
One of the 3GPP2 models is described in. This document describes the following types of traffic flows:
Downlink:
HTTP/TCP
FTP/TCP
Wireless Application Protocol
near real-time Video
Voice
Uplink:
HTTP/TCP
FTP/TCP
Wireless Application Protocol
Voice
Mobile Network Gaming
The main idea is to partly implement HTTP, FTP and TCP protocols. For example, an HTTP traffic generator simulates the download of a web-page, consis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device%20Manager | Device Manager is a component of the Microsoft Windows operating system. It allows users to view and control the hardware attached to the computer. When a piece of hardware is not working, the offending hardware is highlighted for the user to deal with. The list of hardware can be sorted by various criteria.
For each device, users can:
Supply device drivers in accordance with the Windows Driver Model
Enable or disable devices
Tell Windows to ignore malfunctioning devices
View other technical properties
Device Manager was introduced with Windows 95 and later added to Windows 2000. On Windows 9x, Device Manager is part of the System applet in Control Panel. On Windows 2000 and all other Windows NT-based versions of Windows, it is a snap-in for Microsoft Management Console.
Types of icons
Disabled device
A disabled device has either been manually disabled by a user or by some way of error. In Windows 95 through XP, this is denoted by a red X. In Windows Vista and Windows 7, this was replaced by a grey downward pointing arrow in the lower right-hand corner of the device's icon.
Hardware not working properly
There are many reasons why hardware may not work properly. If Windows recognizes a problem with a device, it is denoted by a black exclamation point (!) on a yellow triangle in the lower right-hand corner of the device's icon.
Hardware not recognized
Hardware may not be recognized if it is not installed properly or not compatible with the system. This is denoted by a yellow question mark in place of the device's icon.
Device manually selected
A blue "i" on a white field in the lower right-hand corner of a Device's icon indicates that the Use automatic settings feature is not selected for the device and that the resource was manually selected. Note that this does not indicate a problem or disabled state.
Error codes
Device Manager error codes are numerical codes, each accompanied by an error message, which help users determine what kind of issue Windows is having with a piece of hardware.
Device Types
Windows separates devices and their drivers by class types. Extra hidden and disconnected devices can be exposed through the devmgr_show_nonpresent_devices flag.
USB Class devices: Peripherals that connect exclusively through the USB bus.
Human Interface Devices: Devices used by the users to interface with the OS (eg. Touchpads, Pens, Mices and Keyboards)
Printer devices: Drivers that contain printer information. Hidden category since Windows Vista.
Imaging devices: Webcams and Scanners. A new webcam class driver was introduced in Windows 10 v1709.
Biometric devices: Devices that read biometric data using Windows Biometric Framework. (eg. IR Webcams, Fingerprint sensor)
PCI Class devices: Devices that connect to the PCI bus for high speed (eg. Graphics Card, Network card, Chipset)
System devices: Peripherals that tie to the system, chipset or have no set category (eg. Intel Management Engine, Disk controller, ACPI events)
Video and A |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless%20Leiden | Wireless Leiden is a wireless community network in Leiden, Netherlands.
History
The Wireless Leiden Foundation (founded in 2002) set up a Wi-Fi wireless network in Leiden, the Netherlands, only with the help of volunteers, with some financial support by sponsors. The network is maintained completely by volunteers.
The network is accessible free for everybody who wants to use it. This is possible because there are no expenses of any importance, as the volunteers who build and maintain the network do not receive any payment for their contribution and the materials needed were donated.
The software used in the network is completely open source. Internet provider Demon Internet, donates free Internet access to the foundation. The Internet connection is, however, limited to the downloading of web pages.
The network can be used at homes, schools and public buildings (like libraries). In many places in Leiden it is advisable to use an external antenna. In the city center, however, on most places a laptop antenna is enough to access the network.
Wireless Leiden has been called one of the most advanced community Wi-Fi networks in the world.
Wireless Leiden was published as a case study of a Wi-Fi based community network in 2010.
Stefan Verhaegh of the University of Twente analysed the "Wireless Leiden" case in his 2010 PhD thesis.
In February 2022, it was announced that the wifi network would be phased out due to diminished usage and cost of maintaining the network.
References
External links
Wireless Leiden Foundation
Wireless Leiden Wiki
eGovernment case description
Wi-Fi providers
Wireless network organizations
Leiden |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cray-3/SSS | The Cray-3/SSS (Super Scalable System) was a pioneering massively parallel supercomputer project that bonded a two-processor Cray-3 to a new SIMD processing unit based entirely in the computer's main memory. It was later considered as an add-on for the Cray T90 series in the form of the T94/SSS, but there is no evidence this was ever built.
Design
The SSS project started after a Supercomputing Research Center (SRC) engineer, Ken Iobst, noticed a novel way to implement a parallel computer. Previous massively SIMD designs, like the Connection Machines, consisted of a large number of individual processing elements consisting of a simple processor and some local memory. Results that needed to be passed from element to element were passed along networking links at relatively slow speeds. This was a serious bottleneck in most parallel designs, which limited their use to certain roles where these interdependencies could be reduced.
Iobst's idea was to use the super-fast scatter/gather hardware from the Cray-3 to move the data around instead of using a separate network. This would offer at least an order of magnitudes better performance than systems based on "commodity" hardware. Better yet, the machine would still include a complete Cray-3 CPU, allowing the machine as a whole to use either SIMD or vector instructions depending on the particulars of the problem.
Now all that remained was the selection of a processor. Since the Cray-3 already had a vector processor for heavy computing, the SIMD processors themselves could be considerably simpler, handling only the most basic instructions. This is where the SSS concept was truly unique; since the problem with most SIMD machines was moving data around, Iobst suggested that the processors be built into the SRAM chips themselves.
Memory is normally organized within the RAM chips in a row/column format, with a controller on the chip reading requested data from the chip in parallel across the rows, then assembling the results into 32- or 64-bit words for processing by the CPU. In the SSS concept, the chips would also be equipped with a series of single-bit computers operating on a particular column of all the rows are at once—this meant that the processors could access data at very high speeds, about 100x as fast as normal. Add to this the speed of the "network" implemented by the scatter/gather hardware, and the system could be scaled to sizes considerably greater than existing SIMD systems.
Each processor could accept two commands every 200 nanoseconds, for an effective cycle rate of 100 ns (10 MHz). A fully equipped system with 1,024,000 processors would have an aggregate processing capability of 32 TFlops.
Construction
In August 1994 the NSA contracted Cray Computer Corporation (CCC) to build a 512,000 processor design with 2,048 processors per RAM chip. National Semiconductor was selected to produce Iobst's design, where Mark Norder and Jennifer Schrader modified the design and laid it out for prod |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web%20Server%20Gateway%20Interface | The Web Server Gateway Interface (WSGI, pronounced whiskey or ) is a simple calling convention for web servers to forward requests to web applications or frameworks written in the Python programming language. The current version of WSGI, version 1.0.1, is specified in Python Enhancement Proposal (PEP) 3333.
WSGI was originally specified as PEP-333 in 2003. PEP-3333, published in 2010, updates the specification for .
Background
In 2003, Python web frameworks were typically written against only CGI, FastCGI, mod_python, or some other custom API of a specific web server. To quote PEP 333:
Python currently boasts a wide variety of web application frameworks, such as Zope, Quixote, Webware, SkunkWeb, PSO, and Twisted Web -- to name just a few. This wide variety of choices can be a problem for new Python users, because generally speaking, their choice of web framework will limit their choice of usable web servers, and vice versa... By contrast, although Java has just as many web application frameworks available, Java's "servlet" API makes it possible for applications written with any Java web application framework to run in any web server that supports the servlet API.
WSGI was thus created as an implementation-neutral interface between web servers and web applications or frameworks to promote common ground for portable web application development.
Specification overview
The WSGI has two sides:
the server/gateway side. This is often running full web server software such as Apache or Nginx, or is a lightweight application server that can communicate with a webserver, such as flup.
the application/framework side. This is a Python callable, supplied by the Python program or framework.
Between the server and the application, there may be one or more WSGI middleware components, which implement both sides of the API, typically in Python code.
WSGI does not specify how the Python interpreter should be started, nor how the application object should be loaded or configured, and different frameworks and webservers achieve this in different ways.
WSGI middleware
A WSGI middleware component is a Python callable that is itself a WSGI application, but may handle requests by delegating to other WSGI applications. These applications can themselves be WSGI middleware components.
A middleware component can perform such functions as:
Routing a request to different application objects based on the target URL, after changing the environment variables accordingly.
Allowing multiple applications or frameworks to run side-by-side in the same process
Load balancing and remote processing, by forwarding requests and responses over a network
Performing content post-processing, such as applying XSLT stylesheets
Examples
Example application
A WSGI-compatible "Hello, World!" application written in Python:
def application(environ, start_response):
start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/plain')])
yield b'Hello, World!\n'
Where:
Line 1 defines a fun |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paravirtualization | In computing, paravirtualization or para-virtualization is a virtualization technique that presents a software interface to the virtual machines which is similar, yet not identical, to the underlying hardware–software interface.
The intent of the modified interface is to reduce the portion of the guest's execution time spent performing operations which are substantially more difficult to run in a virtual environment compared to a non-virtualized environment. The paravirtualization provides specially defined 'hooks' to allow the guest(s) and host to request and acknowledge these tasks, which would otherwise be executed in the virtual domain (where execution performance is worse). A successful paravirtualized platform may allow the virtual machine monitor (VMM) to be simpler (by relocating execution of critical tasks from the virtual domain to the host domain), and/or reduce the overall performance degradation of machine execution inside the virtual guest.
Paravirtualization requires the guest operating system to be explicitly ported for the para-API – a conventional OS distribution that is not paravirtualization-aware cannot be run on top of a paravirtualizing VMM. However, even in cases where the operating system cannot be modified, components may be available that enable many of the significant performance advantages of paravirtualization. For example, the Xen Windows GPLPV project provides a kit of paravirtualization-aware device drivers, licensed under the terms of the GPL, that are intended to be installed into a Microsoft Windows virtual guest running on the Xen hypervisor. Such applications tend to be accessible through the paravirtual machine interface environment. This ensures run-mode compatibility across multiple encryption algorithm models, allowing seamless integration within the paravirtual framework.
History
Paravirtualization is a new term for an old idea. IBM's VM operating system has offered such a facility since 1972 (and earlier as CP-67). In the VM world, this is designated a "DIAGNOSE code", because it uses an instruction code used normally only by hardware maintenance software and thus undefined.
The Parallels Workstation operating system calls its equivalent a "hypercall". All are the same thing: a system call to the hypervisor below. Such calls require support in the "guest" operating system, which has to have hypervisor-specific code to make such calls.
The term "paravirtualization" was first used in the research literature in association with the Denali Virtual Machine Manager. The term is also used to describe the Xen, L4, TRANGO, VMware, Wind River and XtratuM hypervisors. All these projects use or can use paravirtualization techniques to support high performance virtual machines on x86 hardware by implementing a virtual machine that does not implement the hard-to-virtualize parts of the actual x86 instruction set.
A hypervisor provides the virtualization of the underlying computer system. In full virtual |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIL-STD-1553 | MIL-STD-1553 is a military standard published by the United States Department of Defense that defines the mechanical, electrical, and functional characteristics of a serial data bus. It was originally designed as an avionic data bus for use with military avionics, but has also become commonly used in spacecraft on-board data handling (OBDH) subsystems, both military and civil, including use on the James Webb space telescope. It features multiple (commonly dual) redundant balanced line physical layers, a (differential) network interface, time-division multiplexing, half-duplex command/response protocol, and can handle up to 31 Remote Terminals (devices); 32 is typically designated for broadcast messages. A version of MIL-STD-1553 using optical cabling in place of electrical is known as MIL-STD-1773.
MIL-STD-1553 was first published as a U.S. Air Force standard in 1973, and first was used on the F-16 Falcon fighter aircraft. Other aircraft designs quickly followed, including the F/A-18 Hornet, AH-64 Apache, P-3C Orion, F-15 Eagle and F-20 Tigershark. It is now widely used by all branches of the U.S. military and by NASA. Outside of the US it has been adopted by NATO as STANAG 3838 AVS. STANAG 3838, in the form of UK MoD Def-Stan 00-18 Part 2, is used on the Panavia Tornado; BAE Systems Hawk (Mk 100 and later); and extensively, together with STANAG 3910 "EFABus", on the Eurofighter Typhoon. Saab JAS 39 Gripen uses MIL-STD-1553B. The Russian made MiG-35 also uses MIL-STD-1553. MIL-STD-1553 is being replaced on some newer U.S. designs by IEEE 1394 (commonly known as FireWire).
Revisions
MIL-STD-1553B, which superseded the earlier 1975 specification MIL-STD-1553A, was published in 1978. The basic difference between the 1553A and 1553B revisions is that in the latter, the options are defined rather than being left for the user to define as required. It was found that when the standard did not define an item, there was no coordination in its use. Hardware and software had to be redesigned for each new application. The primary goal of the 1553B was to provide flexibility without creating new designs for each new user. This was accomplished by specifying the electrical interfaces explicitly so that electrical compatibility between designs by different manufacturers could be assured.
Six change notices to the standard have been published since 1978. For example, change notice 2 in 1986 changed the title of the document from "Aircraft internal time division command/response multiplex data bus" to "Digital time division command/response multiplex data bus".
MIL-STD-1553C is the last revision made in February 2018.
The MIL-STD-1553 standard is now maintained by both the U.S. Department of Defense and the Aerospace branch of the Society of Automotive Engineers.
Physical layer
A single bus consists of a wire pair with 70–85 Ω impedance at 1 MHz. Where a circular connector is used, its center pin is used for the high (positive) Manchester bi-phase signal. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics%20pipeline | The computer graphics pipeline, also known as the rendering pipeline or graphics pipeline, is a framework within computer graphics that outlines the necessary procedures for transforming a three-dimensional (3D) scene into a two-dimensional (2D) representation on a screen. Once a 3D model is generated, whether it's for a video game or any other form of 3D computer animation, the graphics pipeline converts the model into a visually perceivable format on the computer display. Due to the dependence on specific software, hardware configurations, and desired display attributes, a universally applicable graphics pipeline does not exist. Nevertheless, graphics application programming interfaces (APIs), such as Direct3D and OpenGL, were developed to standardize common procedures and oversee the graphics pipeline of a given hardware accelerator. These APIs provide an abstraction layer over the underlying hardware, relieving programmers from the need to write code explicitly targeting various graphics hardware accelerators like AMD, Intel, Nvidia, and others.
The model of the graphics pipeline is usually used in real-time rendering. Often, most of the pipeline steps are implemented in hardware, which allows for special optimizations. The term "pipeline" is used in a similar sense for the pipeline in processors: the individual steps of the pipeline run in parallel as long as any given step has what it needs.
Concept
The 3D pipeline usually refers to the most common form of computer 3D rendering called 3D polygon rendering, distinct from raytracing and raycasting. In raycasting, a ray originates at the point where the camera resides, and if that ray hits a surface, the color and lighting of the point on the surface where the ray hit is calculated. In 3D polygon rendering the reverse happens- the area that is in view of the camera is calculated and then rays are created from every part of every surface in view of the camera and traced back to the camera.
Structure
A graphics pipeline can be divided into three main parts: Application, Geometry and Rasterization.
Application
The application step is executed by the software on the main processor (CPU). During the application step, changes are made to the scene as required, for example, by user interaction by means of input devices or during an animation. The new scene with all its primitives, usually triangles, lines and points, is then passed on to the next step in the pipeline.
Examples of tasks that are typically done in the application step are collision detection, animation, morphing, and acceleration techniques using spatial subdivision schemes such as Quadtrees or Octrees. These are also used to reduce the amount of main memory required at a given time. The "world" of a modern computer game is far larger than what could fit into memory at once.
Geometry
The geometry step (with Geometry pipeline), which is responsible for the majority of the operations with polygons and their vertices (with Verte |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reyes%20rendering | Reyes rendering is a computer software architecture used in 3D computer graphics to render photo-realistic images. It was developed in the mid-1980s by Loren Carpenter and Robert L. Cook at Lucasfilm's Computer Graphics Research Group, which is now Pixar. It was first used in 1982 to render images for the Genesis effect sequence in the movie Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan. Pixar's RenderMan was an implementation of the Reyes algorithm, It has been deprecated as of 2016 and removed as in RenderMan 21. According to the original paper describing the algorithm, the Reyes image rendering system is "An architecture for fast high-quality rendering of complex images." Reyes was proposed as a collection of algorithms and data processing systems. However, the terms "algorithm" and "architecture" have come to be used synonymously in this context and are used interchangeably in this article.
Name
Reyes is an acronym for Renders Everything You Ever Saw (the name is also a pun on Point Reyes, California, near where Lucasfilm was located) and is suggestive of processes connected with optical imaging systems. According to Robert L. Cook, Reyes is written with only the first letter capitalized, as it is in the 1987 Cook/Carpenter/Catmull SIGGRAPH paper.
Architecture
The architecture was designed with a number of goals in mind:
Model complexity/diversity: In order to generate visually complex and rich images, users of a rendering system need to be free to model large numbers (100,000s) of complex geometric structures possibly generated using procedural models such as fractals and particle systems.
Shading complexity: Much of the visual complexity in a scene is generated by the way in which light rays interact with solid object surfaces. Generally, in computer graphics, this is modelled using textures. Textures can be colored arrays of pixels, describe surface displacements or transparency or surface reflectivity. Reyes allows users to incorporate procedural shaders whereby surface structure and optical interaction is achieved using computer programs implementing procedural algorithms rather than simple look-up tables. A good portion of the algorithm is aimed at minimising the time spent by processors fetching textures from data stores.
Minimal ray tracing: At the time that Reyes was proposed, computer systems were significantly less capable in terms of processing power and storage. This meant that ray tracing a photo-realistic scene would take tens or hundreds of hours per frame. Algorithms such as Reyes which didn't generally ray trace run much faster with almost photo-realistic results.
Speed: Rendering a two-hour movie at 24 frames per second in one year allows 3 minutes rendering time per frame, on average.
Image quality: Any image containing unwanted, algorithm-related artifacts is considered unacceptable.
Flexibility: The architecture should be flexible enough to incorporate new techniques as they become available, without the need for a complete rei |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML%20database | An XML database is a data persistence software system that allows data to be specified, and sometimes stored, in XML format. This data can be queried, transformed, exported and returned to a calling system. XML databases are a flavor of document-oriented databases which are in turn a category of NoSQL database.
Rationale for XML in databases
There are a number of reasons to directly specify data in XML or other document formats such as JSON. For XML in particular, they include:
An enterprise may have a lot of XML in an existing standard format
Data may need to be exposed or ingested as XML, so using another format such as relational forces double-modeling of the data
XML is very well suited to sparse data, deeply nested data and mixed content (such as text with embedded markup tags)
XML is human readable whereas relational tables require expertise to access
Metadata is often available as XML
Semantic web data is available as RDF/XML
Provides a solution for Object-relational impedance mismatch
Steve O'Connell gives one reason for the use of XML in databases: the increasingly common use of XML for data transport, which has meant that "data is extracted from databases and put into XML documents and vice-versa". It may prove more efficient (in terms of conversion costs) and easier to store the data in XML format. In content-based applications, the ability of the native XML database also minimizes the need for extraction or entry of metadata to support searching and navigation.
XML-enabled databases
XML-enabled databases typically offer one or more of the following approaches to storing XML within the traditional relational structure:
XML is stored into a CLOB (Character large object)
XML is `shredded` into a series of Tables based on a Schema
XML is stored into a native XML Type as defined by ISO Standard 9075-14
RDBMS that support the ISO XML Type are:
IBM DB2 (pureXML)
Microsoft SQL Server
Oracle Database
PostgreSQL
Typically an XML-enabled database is best suited where the majority of data are non-XML. For datasets where the majority of data are XML, a native XML database is better suited.
Example of XML Type Query in IBM DB2 SQL
select
id, vol, xmlquery('$j/name', passing journal as "j") as name
from
journals
where
xmlexists('$j[licence="CreativeCommons"]', passing journal as "j")
Native XML databases
Native XML databases are especially tailored for working with XML data. As managing XML as large strings would be inefficient, and due to the hierarchical nature of XML, custom optimized data structures are used for storage and querying. This usually increases performance both in terms of read-only queries and updates. XML nodes and documents are the fundamental unit of (logical) storage, just as a relational database has fields and rows.
The standard for querying XML data per W3C recommendation is XQuery; the latest version is XQuery 3.1. XQuery includes XPath as a sub-language and XML itself is a valid sub-syntax o |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugh | Ugh or UGH may refer to:
"Ugh", an expression of disgust
Ugh!, a computer game
"UGH!" (song), by The 1975
"Ugh" (SpongeBob SquarePants), a 2004 TV episode
"Ugh! Your Ugly Houses!," a 1995 single by British alternative music band Chumbawamba
"Ugh Ugh Ugh", a song by rapper Juicy J from his 2009 album Hustle Till I Die
See also
UG (disambiguation)
UGG (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sintran | Sintran (a portmanteau of SINTEF and Fortran; stylized as SINTRAN) is a range of operating systems (OS) for Norsk Data's line of minicomputers. The original version of Sintran, was written in the programming language Fortran, released in 1968, and developed by the Department of Engineering Cybernetics at the Norwegian Institute of Technology together with the affiliated research institute, SINTEF. The different incarnations of the OS shared only name, and to a degree, purpose.
Norsk Data took part in developing Sintran II, a multi-user software system that constituted the software platform for the Nord-1 range of terminal servers. By far the most common version of the OS was Sintran III, developed solely by Norsk Data and launched in 1974. This real-time multitasking system was used for Norsk Data's server machines (such as the Nord-10, -100) for the remainder of the company's lifetime, i.e. until 1992.
See also
Sintran III
Fortran software
Proprietary operating systems
Norsk Data software |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KMEX-DT | KMEX-DT (channel 34) is a television station in Los Angeles, California, United States, serving as the western flagship station of the Spanish-language Univision network. It is owned and operated by TelevisaUnivision alongside Ontario, California–licensed UniMás station KFTR-DT (channel 46). Both stations share studios on Center Drive (overlooking I-405) in Westchester, while KMEX-DT's transmitter is located atop Mount Wilson.
KMEX began broadcasting in 1962. It was the first full-time Spanish-language television station in the state of California and the only one in the Los Angeles area for 23 years. Its philosophy toward news and community involvement, defined by station and network executive Danny Villanueva, has been adopted by much of its portion of the television industry, along with its overall approach to local news in Southern California.
History
There were two prior attempts to build a channel 34 station in Los Angeles prior to KMEX-TV, in proceedings in 1954 and 1958. By 1953, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) had received three applications for the channel, from Lawrence Harvey; Spanish International Television; and radio station KFWB (980 AM). The bid of Spanish International Television presaged that of Spanish International Broadcasting Company six years later; Emilio Azcárraga Vidaurreta was a 20 percent owner of the firm. Harvey and Spanish International Television lost interest, and their applications were dismissed in 1954, leaving the door open for KFWB. That October, however, the radio station dropped its bid; no reason was given.
Interest around the UHF allocation was revived in 1957, and in 1958, the FCC selected the application of Sherrill C. Corwin, movie theater operator from San Francisco, over a bid from Frederick Bassett and William E. Sullivan. After the FCC ordered several unbuilt UHF stations to make progress or lose their permits, Corwin proposed to sell the construction permit for what was called KMYR to Franklin James, who owned part of several regional radio stations. However, this never was completed, and the FCC deleted the KMYR permit in November 1960 (along with another Corwin held for a San Diego outlet), leaving the door open for new applications for channel 34.
The early years
On August 18, 1961, the Spanish International Broadcasting Company (SIBC) filed an application to build a new channel 34 TV station in Los Angeles. SIBC's principals reflected strong Mexican connections: Azcárraga was a 20 percent stakeholder, with the balance being held by a number of stockholders including movie theater owner Frank Fouce, the largest shareholder, and Julian Kaufman, the general manager of Tijuana's binational TV station, XETV. The FCC granted the permit on November 1, 1961, marking the first time the commission had approved an application specifying an all-foreign language TV station. From Mexico City came Rene Anselmo to manage channel 34; so too would come much of the programming, from Telesistema |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptx%20%28Unix%29 | ptx is a Unix utility, named after the permuted index algorithm which it uses to produce a search or concordance report in the Keyword in Context (KWIC) format. It is available on most Unix and Unix-like operating systems (e.g. Linux, FreeBSD). The GNU implementation uses extensions that are more powerful than the older SysV implementation.
The command is available as a separate package for Microsoft Windows as part of the UnxUtils collection of native Win32 ports of common GNU Unix-like utilities.
There is also a corresponding IBM mainframe utility which performs the same function. Permuted indexes are often used in such places as bibliographic or medical databases, documentation, thesauri, or web sites to aid in locating entries of interest.
See also
Concordancer
References
Information retrieval systems
Unix text processing utilities |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCX | BCX is a free, open source BASIC to C/C++ computer language translator started by Kevin Diggins in 1999. The current official BCX website https://BcxBasicCoders.com came online in October 2019, following several years of non-development.
Maintenance and new development is again being led by Kevin Diggins and Robert Wishlaw.
BCX converts a common procedural form of BASIC source code to C/C++ source code that can be compiled using many C/C++ compilers for Microsoft Windows. For many years, most implementations of BASIC shared a nagging drawback: programs created with them ran significantly more slowly than similar programs created with C/C++. BCX helped change that by giving BASIC programmers the joy of programming in a modern BASIC language while coupling its output with the high performance of a C/C++ compiler.
BCX is written in the BCX BASIC language, making BCX a self-translating translator. BCX was made an open source project in 2004.Since then, several members of the BCX community have led the development and maintenance of the BCX project. Past project forks have resulted in variants of BCX that helped produce applications for Linux, Apple, and Atari operating systems.
BCX contains statements and functions that simplify the creation of Windows desktop applications. Unlike many BASIC implementations that rely on run-time engines and/or frameworks, the combination of BCX and most C/C++ compilers produce small, efficient, high-performing native code applications. BCX assists in creating desktop, library, and console apps for 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Windows using only the Microsoft Windows Application Programming Interface (WINAPI).
External links
BCX website (2021) https://bcxbasiccoders.com
BCX Online Help System
BCX Discussion Forum
BCX on SourceForge
References
Notes
CNET .
SourceForge .
RJP .
GotBASIC .
Free software programmed in BASIC
Cross-compilers
BASIC programming language family
C (programming language)
C++
Free compilers and interpreters |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott%20Draves | Scott Draves is the inventor of fractal flames and the leader of the distributed computing project Electric Sheep. He also invented patch-based texture synthesis and published the first implementation of this class of algorithms. He is also a video artist and accomplished VJ.
In summer 2010, Draves' work was exhibited at Google's New York City office, including his video piece "Generation 243" which was generated by the collaborative influences of 350,000 people and computers worldwide. Stephen Hawking's 2010 book The Grand Design used an image generated by Draves' "flame" algorithm on its cover. Known as "Spot," Draves currently resides in New York City.
In July 2012 Draves won the ZKM App Art Award Special Prize for Cloud Art for the mobile Android version of Electric Sheep.
Background
Draves earned a Bachelor's in mathematics at Brown University, where he was a student of Andy van Dam before continuing on to earn a PhD in computer science at Carnegie Mellon University. At CMU he studied under Andy Witkin, Dana Scott, and Peter Lee.
References
External links
Computer programmers
American digital artists
Fractal artists
Psychedelic artists
American video artists
Brown University alumni
Carnegie Mellon University alumni
Living people
1968 births
Mathematical artists |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FreeBASIC | FreeBASIC is a free and open source multiplatform compiler and programming language based on BASIC licensed under the GNU GPL for Microsoft Windows, protected-mode MS-DOS (DOS extender), Linux, FreeBSD and Xbox. The Xbox version is no longer maintained.
According to its official website, FreeBASIC provides syntax compatibility with programs originally written in Microsoft QuickBASIC (QB). Unlike QuickBASIC, however, FreeBASIC is a command line only compiler, unless users manually install an external integrated development environment (IDE) of their choice. IDEs specifically made for FreeBASIC include FBide and FbEdit, while more graphical options include WinFBE Suite and VisualFBEditor.
Compiler features
On its backend, FreeBASIC makes use of GNU Binutils in order to produce console and graphical user interface applications. FreeBASIC supports the linking and creation of C static and dynamic libraries and has limited support for C++ libraries. As a result, code compiled in FreeBASIC can be reused in most native development environments.
C style preprocessing, including multiline macros, conditional compiling and file inclusion, is supported. The preprocessor also has access to symbol information and compiler settings, such as the language dialect.
Syntax
Initially, FreeBASIC emulated Microsoft QuickBASIC syntax as closely as possible. Beyond that, the language has continued its evolution. As a result, FreeBASIC combines several language dialects for maximum level of compatibility with QuickBASIC and full access to modern features. New features include support for concepts such as objects, operator overloading, function overloading, namespaces and others.
Newline characters indicate the termination of programming statements. A programming statement can be distributed on multiple consecutive lines by using the underscore line continuation char (_), whereas multiple statements may be written on a single line by separating each statement with a colon (:).
Block comments, as well as end-of-line remarks are supported. Full line comments are made with an apostrophe ', while blocks of commented code begin with /' and end with '/.
FreeBASIC is not case-sensitive.
Graphics library
FreeBASIC provides built-in, QuickBASIC compatible graphics support through FBgfx, which is automatically included into programs that make a call to the SCREEN command. Its backend defaults to OpenGL on Linux and DirectX on Microsoft Windows. This abstraction makes FBgfx graphics code cross-platform compatible. However, FBgfx is not hardware accelerated.
Users familiar with external graphics utilities such as OpenGL or the Windows API can use them without interfering with the built-in graphics library.
Language dialects
As FreeBASIC has evolved, changes have been made that required breaking older-styled syntax. In order to continue supporting programs written using the older syntax, FreeBASIC now supports the following dialects:
The default dialect (-lang |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebulus | Nebulus may refer to:
Nebulus (video game), a computer game
Alphazone, a hard trance musical group also known as Nebulus
"Nebulus", an electronica song by Fluke from the 2003 album Puppy
See also
Nebulous (disambiguation)
Nebula (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castlevania%3A%20Curse%20of%20Darkness | Castlevania: Curse of Darkness is an action-adventure game, part of the Castlevania franchise. It is the second 3D Castlevania title developed by Konami Computer Entertainment Tokyo, released in 2005 following Castlevania: Lament of Innocence and was available for PlayStation 2 and Xbox in all regions except Japan, where the game was only available on PlayStation 2. Curse of Darkness received mixed reviews, common praise was directed towards its combat system, music, content, and replay value, while criticism fell towards its story, characters, repetitive level-design and gameplay.
Gameplay
Being a 3D game like Lament of Innocence before it, Curse of Darkness differs from its predecessor in a number of ways. It includes a more complex, action-adventure style of gameplay, much like Symphony of the Night and Aria of Sorrow. Hector is not a member of the Belmont clan, so he does not use the "Vampire Killer" whip; instead he has the ability to equip a variety of different weapons ranging from swords (both one handed and two handed), spears, axes (also both one handed and two handed), brass knuckles and an extra type called special weapons (which varies from tonfas to gatling guns). There is an extra gameplay mode after finishing the game that allows players to play as Trevor Belmont, equipped with the "Vampire Killer" and the subweapons which are the knife, axe, holy water, cross, and stopwatch. One button is used for standard combo attacks, and a secondary button is used for stronger "finishing attacks" after a singular standard attack or a combo of standard attacks. As the player acquires progressively stronger weapons throughout the game, the number of standard and finishing attacks the player can perform increases accordingly. Each different weapon type has a different set of combos that can be performed.
Departing from the central hub level layout of Lament of Innocence, wherein the player chooses from a number of distinct stages all accessible from a central hallway, Curse of Darkness features a more complete game world with a complete castle map as in Symphony of the Night. However, the game still uses the same map engine as Lament of Innocence, rather than the square-based grid of 2D Castlevania games. A difference in level design is that much of the game does not take place in Dracula's castle, but rather exploring forests, mountains, temples, aqueducts, ruins, and villages in Europe. The player is aided by Innocent Devils, which are demonic creatures developed by Hector himself through the Devil Forgery skill, in order to defeat enemies and solve puzzles within the game. They level up and evolve together with Hector.
Plot
Setting
Curse of Darkness is set in the year 1479, three years after the events of Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse. Though defeated by vampire hunter Trevor Belmont, Dracula's curse continues to ravage the European countryside, spreading disease, mob violence, and heresy in its wake. Amidst this devastation is Hecto |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBMBIO.COM | IBMBIO.COM is a system file in many DOS operating systems. It contains the system initialization code and all built-in device drivers. It also loads the DOS kernel (IBMDOS.COM) and optional pre-loadable system components (like for disk compression or security), displays boot menus, processes configuration files (like CONFIG.SYS) and launches the shell (like COMMAND.COM).
The file is part of IBM's PC DOS (all versions) as well as of DR DOS 5.0 and higher (with the exception of DR-DOS 7.06). It serves the same purpose as the file IO.SYS in MS-DOS, or DRBIOS.SYS in DR DOS 3.31 to 3.41. (For compatibility purposes with some DOS applications the IBMBIO.COM file name was briefly also used by the IBM version of OS/2 1.0, where it resembled the OS2BIO.COM file as used by Microsoft.)
The file is located in the root directory of the bootable FAT-formatted drive/partition (typically C:\) and typically has the system, hidden, and (since DOS 2.0 also the) read-only file attributes set. Under DR-DOS the file may be optionally password-protected as well. Under PC DOS, the system attribute is set in order to mark the file as non-movable, a restriction technically not necessary under DR-DOS. As IBMBIO.COM is a binary image containing executable code rather than a true COM-style program, the hidden attribute is set to keep the file from being accidentally invoked at the command prompt, which would lead to a crash. This is no longer necessary for DR-DOS 7.02 and higher, because under these systems the file is a fat binary also containing a tiny COM-style stub just displaying some version info and exiting gracefully when not being loaded by a boot sector.
In the PC bootup sequence, the first sector of the boot volume contains a boot loader called the volume boot record (VBR) and is loaded into memory and executed.
If this is a VBR of PC DOS before 3.3 it would load both system files into memory by itself. As the PC DOS VBR cannot mount the FAT file system, the system files have to be stored in the first directory entries on the disk and be located at fixed physical positions on the disk stored in consecutive sectors, conditions of which the SYS utility must take care of.
If the loaded boot sector is a PC DOS 3.3 (or newer) VBR, the requirements are slightly relaxed. The system files still have to be stored in the first two root directory entries on the disk, but the VBR will use only the first entry to load the first three sectors of IBMBIO.COM into memory and transfer control to it. This part of IBMBIO.COM then contains a somewhat larger boot loader which:
Loads the rest of itself into memory. Before PC DOS 5.0 the system files still had to be stored at fixed physical positions on the disk and stored in consecutive sectors. With PC DOS 5.0 (and higher) this requirement was reduced down to the first three sectors of IBMBIO.COM only.
Loads the DOS kernel. The kernel is stored in IBMDOS.COM.
Initializes each default device driver in turn (console, disk, serial p |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC%20Sports%20Regional%20Networks | NBC Sports Regional Networks is the collective name for a group of regional sports networks in the United States that are primarily owned and operated by the NBCUniversal division of the cable television company Comcast. The networks were originally established as Comcast SportsNet (CSN), a unit of Comcast's cable television business, beginning with a network in Philadelphia which launched in 1997. Their operations were aligned with the national NBC Sports division following the 2011 acquisition of NBC Universal by Comcast. NBC Sports Regional Networks' business and master control operations are based in Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
The group operates seven regional networks; Comcast also has a partial ownership interest in SportsNet New York, which is co-owned with Charter Communications and the New York Mets. Each of the networks carries regional broadcasts of sporting events from various professional, collegiate and high school sports teams (with broadcasts typically exclusive to each individual network, although some are shown on more than one network within a particular team's designated market area), along with regional and national sports discussion, documentary and analysis programs.
After their realignment with NBC Sports, the networks initially continued to operate primarily under the Comcast SportsNet name. Although Comcast originally considered dropping its name from the networks in favor of NBC Sports following the merger, they still operated under the CSN brand for at least six more years. The group's two networks in California were then re-branded under the NBC Sports brand in April 2017, while the remaining networks were renamed on October 2, 2017.
History
As Comcast SportsNet (1997–2017)
Origins
The origins of Comcast SportsNet are traced to Comcast's March 19, 1996 purchase of a 66% interest in Spectacor and its primary assets – the Philadelphia Flyers, The Spectrum and the then-recently completed CoreStates Center – for $240 million and the assumption of a collective $170 million in debt; the new Comcast Spectacor (which appointed the company's previous majority owner, Edward M. Snider, as its chairman) also immediately purchased a 66% interest in the Philadelphia 76ers.
Immediately after the purchase was announced, there was speculation that Comcast would let Spectacor's television contracts with two local premium services that had long been carrying their games – PRISM (which carried movies and specials, in addition to sports events) and the all-sports network SportsChannel Philadelphia (both owned by Rainbow Media) – run out and create a sports network of its own, buy the existing networks or reach a complex deal with Rainbow to have PRISM and SportsChannel Philadelphia retain the broadcast rights to the 76ers and Flyers. Comcast immediately approached the Philadelphia Phillies – whose contract with PRISM and Sports Channel Philadelphia ended after the 1997 season – about entering into a broadcast deal, indicating it would l |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Efficiency%20Advanced%20Audio%20Coding | High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding (HE-AAC) is an audio coding format for lossy data compression of digital audio defined as an MPEG-4 Audio profile in ISO/IEC 14496–3. It is an extension of Low Complexity AAC (AAC-LC) optimized for low-bitrate applications such as streaming audio. The usage profile HE-AAC v1 uses spectral band replication (SBR) to enhance the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) compression efficiency in the frequency domain. The usage profile HE-AAC v2 couples SBR with Parametric Stereo (PS) to further enhance the compression efficiency of stereo signals.
HE-AAC is used in digital radio standards like HD Radio, DAB+ and Digital Radio Mondiale.
History
The progenitor of HE-AAC was developed by Coding Technologies by combining MPEG-2 AAC-LC with a proprietary mechanism for spectral band replication (SBR), to be used by XM Radio for their satellite radio service. Subsequently, Coding Technologies submitted their SBR mechanism to MPEG as a basis of what ultimately became HE-AAC.
HE-AAC v1 was standardized as a profile of MPEG-4 Audio in 2003 by MPEG and published as part of the ISO/IEC 14496-3:2001/Amd 1:2003 specification.
The HE-AAC v2 profile was standardized in 2006 as per ISO/IEC 14496-3:2005/Amd 2:2006.
Parts of the HE-AAC specification had previously been standardized and published by various bodies in
3GPP TS 26.401
,
ETSI TS 126 401 V6.1.0
,
ISO/IEC 14496-3:2001/Amd.1:2003 and
ISO/IEC 14496-3:2001/Amd 2:2004.
At the time, Coding Technologies had already begun using the trade names AAC+ and aacPlus for what is now known as HE-AAC v1, and aacPlus v2 and eAAC+ for what is now known as HE-AAC v2.
Perceived quality
Testing indicates that material decoded from 64 kbit/s HE-AAC does not quite have similar audio quality to material decoded from MP3 at 128 kbit/s using high quality encoders. The test, taking bitrate distribution and RMSD into account, is a tie between mp3PRO, HE-AAC and Ogg Vorbis.
Further controlled testing by 3GPP during their revision 6 specification process indicates that HE-AAC and HE-AAC v2 provide "Good" audio quality for music at low bit rates (e.g., 24 kbit/s).
In 2011, a public listening test comparing the two best-rated HE-AAC encoders at the time to Opus and Ogg Vorbis indicated that Opus had statistically significant superiority at 64 kbit/s over all other contenders, and second-ranked Apple's implementation of HE-AAC as statistically superior to both Ogg Vorbis and Nero HE-AAC, which were tied for third place.
MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 AAC-LC decoders without SBR support will decode the AAC-LC part of the audio, resulting in audio output with only half the sampling frequency, thereby reducing the audio bandwidth. This usually results in the high-end, or treble, portion of the audio signal missing from the audio product.
Support
Encoding
Orban Opticodec-PC Streaming and File Encoders were the first commercially available encoders supporting AAC-LC/HE-AAC back in 2003. They are now deprecat |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/For-profit%20hospital | For-profit hospitals, sometimes referred to as alternatively investor-owned hospitals, are investor-owned hospitals or hospital networks. Many of the for-profit hospitals are located in Europe and North America, with many of them established particularly in the United States during the late twentieth century. In contrast to the traditional and more common non-profit hospitals, they attempt to garner a profit for their shareholders. The highest charging hospitals in the US are for profit, according to a study published in the journal Health Affairs in 2015.
United States
In the United States, the three largest such firms are Hospital Corporation of America, Tenet, and Encompass Health. Encompass Health, as the third-largest U.S. national chain, is also the leading provider of rehabilitation services. For profit Psychiatric Solutions was the largest provider of psychiatric services in the nation, until they were bought out by Universal Health Services in 2010.
A conceptually related institution is the for-profit HMO, which now comprises the predominant means of delivering medical services in the United States. Advocates of such institutions claim they are able to provide better care at lower cost due to higher efficiency. It is also said that, in the free market, hospitals have an incentive to do better due to competition. Non-advocates argue that for-profit hospitals promote the medical-industrial complex and can lessen physician-patient interactions.
Detractors, however, claim that the relative success of for-profit medical providers arises from their positioning themselves in the medical marketplace in such a manner as to offer mainly profitable care services for a largely affluent and insured clientele whilst avoiding unprofitable care areas. Critics thus claim, for example, that for-profit hospitals specialize in such highly lucrative fields as medical rehabilitation, elective/plastic surgery, and cardiology while avoiding provision of loss-making services such as emergency medicine which in turn caters mainly to the indigent. Analogously, critics of for-profit HMOs argue that such firms disproportionately insure healthy people, while simultaneously eschewing chronically ill patients, who must then by default be cared for disproportionately by public insurance schemes and non-profit providers—thus a so-called "dumping" of undesirable patients.
Canada
For-profit hospitals have also been criticised by elements of the Canadian medical establishment as providing inferior care at higher cost. See this commentary in the Canadian Medical Association Journal and this editorial in The New England Journal of Medicine.
India
For-profit hospitals in India have recently come under increasing media scrutiny. In an article by the Huffington Post, they spoke about the problems with "corporate hospitals" and senior surgeons being told to sell surgeries to their patients even if they weren't needed. In one instance, a doctor was told he would be sacked |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PTAS | PTAS or Ptas may refer to:
Polynomial-time approximation scheme, an approximation algorithm in computer science
Pesetas, Spanish currency
PTAS reduction, an approximation-preserving reduction in computational complexity theory
Preferential trading area, another term for a trade bloc
See also
PTA (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jak%203 | Jak 3 is a 2004 action-adventure video game developed by Naughty Dog and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 2. The game is the sequel to Jak II, the third game in the series and serves as the conclusion of the trilogy. The game picks up after the events of the previous games and the player takes on the dual role of recurring protagonists Jak and Daxter. It adds new weapons, devices and playable areas. The game was followed by Jak X: Combat Racing.
Gameplay
Like its predecessor, the gameplay of Jak 3 is a blend of platforming, driving, and gun combat. The player is led through the story as they complete missions, assigned by the various characters in the game. Missions can consist of anything from defeating particular enemies, reaching a specific location, or completing a puzzle. With the exception of timed or otherwise linear missions, the player is free to explore the massive game world as they see fit.
Secrets, made available as the player progresses and collects elusive Precursor orbs, can be purchased and toggled, allowing the player to access "cheats" such as upgraded weapons damage, world mirroring, or invincibility. After the game has been completed, the Hero Mode option is made accessible, which, when purchased, allows the player to replay the game at a higher difficulty level, but with all previously unlocked cheats and extras still available. As the Precursor Orb count is not reset, and the orbs are regenerated at their original locations, the player is able to regather orbs that they had already collected the previous time they played through the game. Collecting all 600 Precursor Orbs has some cosmetic effects on Jak's appearance, but has no effects other than this. In Hero Mode, Jak also keeps all twelve of his weapons but loses his light flight along with two of his dark powers until they are collected in their respective parts of the game.
There are some differences between Jak 3 and Jak II. Most notably are the changes undergone in the Haven City environments. Spargus City, the Wasteland, and Haven City function as the main hubs in Jak 3, where leaper lizards, buggies, and zoomers respectively are the main sources of transportation. While Jak II provided the player with only four different types of guns, Jak 3 expands on the concept with two additional modifications for each gun giving Jak a powerful loadout of twelve weapons. Also, the "Dark Jak" form, introduced in Jak II, which allowed the player to transform into a more powerful offensive version of Jak, is countered by a "Light Jak" form that mainly focuses on defensive abilities. The jet-board makes a return appearance from Jak II to this game, with some additional upgrades as well.
Plot
Setting
Like its predecessors, Jak 3 takes place in an unnamed fictional universe created by Naughty Dog specially for the games. The game is set a year after the events of Jak II. Jak 3 largely focuses on the Wasteland, a large desert only briefly referred |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible%20programming | Extensible programming is a term used in computer science to describe a style of computer programming that focuses on mechanisms to extend the programming language, compiler and runtime environment. Extensible programming languages, supporting this style of programming, were an active area of work in the 1960s, but the movement was marginalized in the 1970s. Extensible programming has become a topic of renewed interest in the 21st century.
Historical movement
The first paper usually associated with the extensible programming language movement is M. Douglas McIlroy's 1960 paper on macros for higher-level programming languages. Another early description of the principle of extensibility occurs in Brooker and Morris's 1960 paper on the Compiler-Compiler. The peak of the movement was marked by two academic symposia, in 1969 and 1971. By 1975, a survey article on the movement by Thomas A. Standish was essentially a post mortem. The Forth programming language was an exception, but it went essentially unnoticed.
Character of the historical movement
As typically envisioned, an extensible programming language consisted of a base language providing elementary computing facilities, and a meta-language capable of modifying the base language. A program then consisted of meta-language modifications and code in the modified base language.
The most prominent language-extension technique used in the movement was macro definition. Grammar modification was also closely associated with the movement, resulting in the eventual development of adaptive grammar formalisms. The Lisp language community remained separate from the extensible language community, apparently because, as one researcher observed,
any programming language in which programs and data are essentially interchangeable can be regarded as an extendible [sic] language. ... this can be seen very easily from the fact that Lisp has been used as an extendible language for years.
At the 1969 conference, Simula was presented as an extensible programming language.
Standish described three classes of language extension, which he called paraphrase, orthophrase, and metaphrase (otherwise paraphrase and metaphrase being translation terms).
Paraphrase defines a facility by showing how to exchange it for something previously defined (or to be defined). As examples, he mentions macro definitions, ordinary procedure definitions, grammatical extensions, data definitions, operator definitions, and control structure extensions.
Orthophrase adds features to a language that could not be achieved using the base language, such as adding an i/o system to a base language that previously had no i/o primitives. Extensions must be understood as orthophrase relative to some given base language, since a feature not defined in terms of the base language must be defined in terms of some other language. Orthophrase corresponds to the modern notion of plug-ins.
Metaphrase modifies the interpretation rules used for |
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