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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice%20hockey%20statistics
The following are statistics commonly tracked in ice hockey. Team statistics STK - winning or losing streak GD - Goal Difference (used as standings tie breaker) GP – Games played – Number of games the team has played W – Wins – Games the team has won in regulation. L – Losses – Games the team has lost in re...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christos%20Papakyriakopoulos
Christos Dimitriou Papakyriakopoulos (; June 29, 1914 – June 29, 1976), commonly known as Papa, was a Greek mathematician specializing in geometric topology. Early life Papakyriakopoulos was born in Chalandri, then in the Municipality of Athens, now in North Athens. Career Papakyriakopoulos worked in isolation at Ath...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birkhoff%20interpolation
In mathematics, Birkhoff interpolation is an extension of polynomial interpolation. It refers to the problem of finding a polynomial of degree such that only certain derivatives have specified values at specified points: where the data points and the nonnegative integers are given. It differs from Hermite interpol...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superadditivity
In mathematics, a function is superadditive if for all and in the domain of Similarly, a sequence is called superadditive if it satisfies the inequality for all and The term "superadditive" is also applied to functions from a boolean algebra to the real numbers where such as lower probabilities. Examples ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plateau%20%28mathematics%29
A plateau of a function is a part of its domain where the function has constant value. More formally, let U, V be topological spaces. A plateau for a function f: U → V is a path-connected set of points P of U such that for some y we have f (p) = y for all p in P. Examples Plateaus can be observed in mathematical mod...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindel%C3%B6f%20hypothesis
In mathematics, the Lindelöf hypothesis is a conjecture by Finnish mathematician Ernst Leonard Lindelöf (see ) about the rate of growth of the Riemann zeta function on the critical line. This hypothesis is implied by the Riemann hypothesis. It says that for any ε > 0, as t tends to infinity (see big O notation). Sinc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred%20Gray%20%28mathematician%29
Alfred Gray (October 22, 1939 – October 27, 1998) was an American mathematician whose main research interests were in differential geometry. He also made contributions in the fields of complex variables and differential equations. Short biography Alfred Gray was born in Dallas, Texas to Alfred James Gray & Eloise Evan...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariance%20theorem
Invariance theorem may refer to: Invariance of domain, a theorem in topology A theorem pertaining to Kolmogorov complexity A result in classical mechanics for adiabatic invariants A theorem of algorithmic probability See also Invariant (mathematics)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Man%20Who%20Counted
The Man Who Counted (original Portuguese title: O Homem que Calculava) is a book on recreational mathematics and curious word problems by Brazilian writer Júlio César de Mello e Souza, published under the pen name Malba Tahan. Since its first publication in 1938, the book has been immensely popular in Brazil and abroa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variational%20inequality
In mathematics, a variational inequality is an inequality involving a functional, which has to be solved for all possible values of a given variable, belonging usually to a convex set. The mathematical theory of variational inequalities was initially developed to deal with equilibrium problems, precisely the Signorini ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riesz%20function
In mathematics, the Riesz function is an entire function defined by Marcel Riesz in connection with the Riemann hypothesis, by means of the power series If we set we may define it in terms of the coefficients of the Laurent series development of the hyperbolic (or equivalently, the ordinary) cotangent around zero. If...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braided%20monoidal%20category
In mathematics, a commutativity constraint on a monoidal category is a choice of isomorphism for each pair of objects A and B which form a "natural family." In particular, to have a commutativity constraint, one must have for all pairs of objects . A braided monoidal category is a monoidal category equipped wi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Cartier%20%28mathematician%29
Pierre Émile Cartier (born 10 June 1932) is a French mathematician. An associate of the Bourbaki group and at one time a colleague of Alexander Grothendieck, his interests have ranged over algebraic geometry, representation theory, mathematical physics, and category theory. He studied at the École Normale Supérieure i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root%20test
In mathematics, the root test is a criterion for the convergence (a convergence test) of an infinite series. It depends on the quantity where are the terms of the series, and states that the series converges absolutely if this quantity is less than one, but diverges if it is greater than one. It is particularly use...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear%20discriminant%20analysis
Linear discriminant analysis (LDA), normal discriminant analysis (NDA), or discriminant function analysis is a generalization of Fisher's linear discriminant, a method used in statistics and other fields, to find a linear combination of features that characterizes or separates two or more classes of objects or events. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nome%20%28mathematics%29
In mathematics, specifically the theory of elliptic functions, the nome is a special function that belongs to the non-elementary functions. This function is of great importance in the description of the elliptic functions, especially in the description of the modular identity of the Jacobi theta function, the Hermite e...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarter%20period
In mathematics, the quarter periods K(m) and iK ′(m) are special functions that appear in the theory of elliptic functions. The quarter periods K and iK ′ are given by and When m is a real number, 0 < m < 1, then both K and K ′ are real numbers. By convention, K is called the real quarter period and iK ′ is called...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rad%C3%B3%27s%20theorem%20%28harmonic%20functions%29
See also Rado's theorem (Ramsey theory) In mathematics, Radó's theorem is a result about harmonic functions, named after Tibor Radó. Informally, it says that any "nice looking" shape without holes can be smoothly deformed into a disk. Suppose Ω is an open, connected and convex subset of the Euclidean space R2 with sm...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search%20problem
In the mathematics of computational complexity theory, computability theory, and decision theory, a search problem is a type of computational problem represented by a binary relation. Intuitively, the problem consists in finding structure "y" in object "x". An algorithm is said to solve the problem if at least one corr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximal%20subgroup
In mathematics, the term maximal subgroup is used to mean slightly different things in different areas of algebra. In group theory, a maximal subgroup H of a group G is a proper subgroup, such that no proper subgroup K contains H strictly. In other words, H is a maximal element of the partially ordered set of subgroup...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minkowski%27s%20question-mark%20function
In mathematics, Minkowski's question-mark function, denoted , is a function with unusual fractal properties, defined by Hermann Minkowski in 1904. It maps quadratic irrational numbers to rational numbers on the unit interval, via an expression relating the continued fraction expansions of the quadratics to the binary e...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary%20of%20game%20theory
Game theory is the branch of mathematics in which games are studied: that is, models describing human behaviour. This is a glossary of some terms of the subject. Definitions of a game Notational conventions Real numbers . The set of players . Strategy space , where Player i's strategy space is the space of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobi%20triple%20product
In mathematics, the Jacobi triple product is the mathematical identity: for complex numbers x and y, with |x| < 1 and y ≠ 0. It was introduced by in his work Fundamenta Nova Theoriae Functionum Ellipticarum. The Jacobi triple product identity is the Macdonald identity for the affine root system of type A1, and is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malfatti%20circles
In geometry, the Malfatti circles are three circles inside a given triangle such that each circle is tangent to the other two and to two sides of the triangle. They are named after Gian Francesco Malfatti, who made early studies of the problem of constructing these circles in the mistaken belief that they would have th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowball%20sampling
In sociology and statistics research, snowball sampling (or chain sampling, chain-referral sampling, referral sampling) is a nonprobability sampling technique where existing study subjects recruit future subjects from among their acquaintances. Thus the sample group is said to grow like a rolling snowball. As the sampl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK%20Singles%20Chart%20records%20and%20statistics
The UK Singles Chart was first compiled in 1969. However the records and statistics listed here date back to 1952 because the Official Charts Company counts a selected period of the New Musical Express chart (only from 1952 to 1960) and the Record Retailer chart from 1960 to 1969 as predecessors for the period prior to...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stieltjes%20constants
In mathematics, the Stieltjes constants are the numbers that occur in the Laurent series expansion of the Riemann zeta function: The constant is known as the Euler–Mascheroni constant. Representations The Stieltjes constants are given by the limit (In the case n = 0, the first summand requires evaluation of 00...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal%20family
In mathematics, with special application to complex analysis, a normal family is a pre-compact subset of the space of continuous functions. Informally, this means that the functions in the family are not widely spread out, but rather stick together in a somewhat "clustered" manner. Note that a compact family of continu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelaus%27s%20theorem
In Euclidean geometry, Menelaus's theorem, named for Menelaus of Alexandria, is a proposition about triangles in plane geometry. Suppose we have a triangle , and a transversal line that crosses at points respectively, with distinct from . A weak version of the theorem states that where "| |" denotes absolute value ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20the%20separation%20axioms
The history of the separation axioms in general topology has been convoluted, with many meanings competing for the same terms and many terms competing for the same concept. Origins Before the current general definition of topological space, there were many definitions offered, some of which assumed (what we now thin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria%20%28reachability%20analyzer%29
Maria: The Modular Reachability Analyzer is a reachability analyzer for concurrent systems that uses Algebraic System Nets (a high-level variant of Petri nets) as its modelling formalism. External links Petri nets
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PFD
Science, technology, and medicine Personal flotation device Pelvic floor dysfunction Phase frequency detector in electronics Primary flight display, in an aircraft Probability of Failure on Demand, see Safety integrity level#Certification Process flow diagram, in process engineering Prepared for dyeing Profe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real%20coordinate%20space
In mathematics, the real coordinate space of dimension , denoted or is the set of the -tuples of real numbers, that is the set of all sequences of real numbers. Special cases are called the real line and the real coordinate plane . With component-wise addition and scalar multiplication, it is a real vector space, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean%20topology
In mathematics, and especially general topology, the Euclidean topology is the natural topology induced on -dimensional Euclidean space by the Euclidean metric. Definition The Euclidean norm on is the non-negative function defined by Like all norms, it induces a canonical metric defined by The metric induced by...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total%20relation
In mathematics, a binary relation R ⊆ X×Y between two sets X and Y is total (or left total) if the source set X equals the domain {x : there is a y with xRy }. Conversely, R is called right total if Y equals the range {y : there is an x with xRy }. When f: X → Y is a function, the domain of f is all of X, hence f is a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranking
A ranking is a relationship between a set of items such that, for any two items, the first is either "ranked higher than", "ranked lower than", or "ranked equal to" the second. In mathematics, this is known as a weak order or total preorder of objects. It is not necessarily a total order of objects because two differen...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit%20rank
In graph theory, a branch of mathematics, the circuit rank, cyclomatic number, cycle rank, or nullity of an undirected graph is the minimum number of edges that must be removed from the graph to break all its cycles, making it into a tree or forest. It is equal to the number of independent cycles in the graph (the siz...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montel%27s%20theorem
In complex analysis, an area of mathematics, Montel's theorem refers to one of two theorems about families of holomorphic functions. These are named after French mathematician Paul Montel, and give conditions under which a family of holomorphic functions is normal. Locally uniformly bounded families are normal The fi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical%20Reviews
Mathematical Reviews is a journal published by the American Mathematical Society (AMS) that contains brief synopses, and in some cases evaluations, of many articles in mathematics, statistics, and theoretical computer science. The AMS also publishes an associated online bibliographic database called MathSciNet which co...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen%20Information%20Project
In the United Kingdom, the Citizen Information Project (CIP) was a plan by the Office for National Statistics to build a national population register. On 18 April 2006 it was announced that instead of continuing as a separate project, it would be integrated into the National Identity Register, the database behind the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicollinearity
In statistics, multicollinearity (also collinearity) is a phenomenon in which one predictor variable in a multiple regression model can be perfectly predicted from the others. In this situation, the coefficient estimates of the multiple regression may change erratically in response to small changes in the data or the p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poincar%C3%A9%20metric
In mathematics, the Poincaré metric, named after Henri Poincaré, is the metric tensor describing a two-dimensional surface of constant negative curvature. It is the natural metric commonly used in a variety of calculations in hyperbolic geometry or Riemann surfaces. There are three equivalent representations commonly ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarz%E2%80%93Ahlfors%E2%80%93Pick%20theorem
In mathematics, the Schwarz–Ahlfors–Pick theorem is an extension of the Schwarz lemma for hyperbolic geometry, such as the Poincaré half-plane model. The Schwarz–Pick lemma states that every holomorphic function from the unit disk U to itself, or from the upper half-plane H to itself, will not increase the Poincaré di...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face%20%28disambiguation%29
The face is a part of the body, the front of the head. Face may also refer to: Generic meanings Face (geometry), a flat (planar) surface that forms part of the boundary of a solid object Face (hieroglyph), a portrayal of the human face, frontal view. Face (mining), the surface where the mining work is advancing F...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pappus%27s%20hexagon%20theorem
In mathematics, Pappus's hexagon theorem (attributed to Pappus of Alexandria) states that given one set of collinear points and another set of collinear points then the intersection points of line pairs and and and are collinear, lying on the Pappus line. These three points are the points of intersection of the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized%20extreme%20value%20distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution is a family of continuous probability distributions developed within extreme value theory to combine the Gumbel, Fréchet and Weibull families also known as type I, II and III extreme value distributions. By the extreme value theorem ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal%20Restivo
Sal Restivo (born 1940) is a sociologist/anthropologist. Work Restivo is a leading contributor to science studies and in particular to the sociology of mathematics. His current work focuses on the sociology of mind and brain, and the sociology of god and religion. He has also done work in the sociology of social and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrinsic%20equation
In geometry, an intrinsic equation of a curve is an equation that defines the curve using a relation between the curve's intrinsic properties, that is, properties that do not depend on the location and possibly the orientation of the curve. Therefore an intrinsic equation defines the shape of the curve without specifyi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20census%20divisions%20of%20Saskatchewan
The province of Saskatchewan, Canada is divided into 18 census divisions according to Statistics Canada. Unlike in some other provinces, census divisions do not reflect the organization of local government in Saskatchewan. These areas exist solely for the purposes of statistical analysis and presentation; they have no ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentadecagon
In geometry, a pentadecagon or pentakaidecagon or 15-gon is a fifteen-sided polygon. Regular pentadecagon A regular pentadecagon is represented by Schläfli symbol {15}. A regular pentadecagon has interior angles of 156°, and with a side length a, has an area given by Construction As 15 = 3 × 5, a product of distin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abelian%20von%20Neumann%20algebra
In functional analysis, an abelian von Neumann algebra is a von Neumann algebra of operators on a Hilbert space in which all elements commute. The prototypical example of an abelian von Neumann algebra is the algebra L∞(X, μ) for μ a σ-finite measure on X realized as an algebra of operators on the Hilbert space L2(...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximal%20compact%20subgroup
In mathematics, a maximal compact subgroup K of a topological group G is a subgroup K that is a compact space, in the subspace topology, and maximal amongst such subgroups. Maximal compact subgroups play an important role in the classification of Lie groups and especially semi-simple Lie groups. Maximal compact subgro...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaprekar%27s%20routine
In number theory, Kaprekar's routine is an iterative algorithm named after its inventor, Indian mathematician D. R. Kaprekar. Each iteration starts with a number, sorts the digits into descending and ascending order, and calculates the difference between the two new numbers. As an example, starting with the number 899...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conformable%20matrix
In mathematics, a matrix is conformable if its dimensions are suitable for defining some operation (e.g. addition, multiplication, etc.). Examples If two matrices have the same dimensions (number of rows and number of columns), they are conformable for addition. Multiplication of two matrices is defined if and only ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consistent%20estimator
In statistics, a consistent estimator or asymptotically consistent estimator is an estimator—a rule for computing estimates of a parameter θ0—having the property that as the number of data points used increases indefinitely, the resulting sequence of estimates converges in probability to θ0. This means that the distri...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finitely%20generated
In mathematics, finitely generated may refer to: Finitely generated object Finitely generated group Finitely generated monoid Finitely generated abelian group Finitely generated module Finitely generated ideal Finitely generated algebra Finitely generated space de:Endlich erzeugt
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mellin%20inversion%20theorem
In mathematics, the Mellin inversion formula (named after Hjalmar Mellin) tells us conditions under which the inverse Mellin transform, or equivalently the inverse two-sided Laplace transform, are defined and recover the transformed function. Method If is analytic in the strip , and if it tends to zero uniformly as...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%C3%B4%20calculus
Itô calculus, named after Kiyosi Itô, extends the methods of calculus to stochastic processes such as Brownian motion (see Wiener process). It has important applications in mathematical finance and stochastic differential equations. The central concept is the Itô stochastic integral, a stochastic generalization of the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenkichi%20Iwasawa
Kenkichi Iwasawa ( Iwasawa Kenkichi, September 11, 1917 – October 26, 1998) was a Japanese mathematician who is known for his influence on algebraic number theory. Biography Iwasawa was born in Shinshuku-mura, a town near Kiryū, in Gunma Prefecture. He attended elementary school there, but later moved to Tokyo to att...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardy%27s%20theorem
In mathematics, Hardy's theorem is a result in complex analysis describing the behavior of holomorphic functions. Let be a holomorphic function on the open ball centered at zero and radius in the complex plane, and assume that is not a constant function. If one defines for then this function is strictly inc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadamard%20three-circle%20theorem
In complex analysis, a branch of mathematics, the Hadamard three-circle theorem is a result about the behavior of holomorphic functions. Let be a holomorphic function on the annulus Let be the maximum of on the circle Then, is a convex function of the logarithm Moreover, if is not of the form for some constan...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projection-slice%20theorem
In mathematics, the projection-slice theorem, central slice theorem or Fourier slice theorem in two dimensions states that the results of the following two calculations are equal: Take a two-dimensional function f(r), project (e.g. using the Radon transform) it onto a (one-dimensional) line, and do a Fourier transform...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abel%20transform
In mathematics, the Abel transform, named for Niels Henrik Abel, is an integral transform often used in the analysis of spherically symmetric or axially symmetric functions. The Abel transform of a function f(r) is given by Assuming that f(r) drops to zero more quickly than 1/r, the inverse Abel transform is given ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retail%20Price%20Index
In the United Kingdom, the Retail Prices Index or Retail Price Index (RPI) is a measure of inflation published monthly by the Office for National Statistics. It measures the change in the cost of a representative sample of retail goods and services. As the RPI was held not to meet international statistical standards, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coefficient%20of%20determination
In statistics, the coefficient of determination, denoted R2 or r2 and pronounced "R squared", is the proportion of the variation in the dependent variable that is predictable from the independent variable(s). It is a statistic used in the context of statistical models whose main purpose is either the prediction of fut...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-sided%20Laplace%20transform
In mathematics, the two-sided Laplace transform or bilateral Laplace transform is an integral transform equivalent to probability's moment generating function. Two-sided Laplace transforms are closely related to the Fourier transform, the Mellin transform, the Z-transform and the ordinary or one-sided Laplace transfor...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20boundedness
In mathematics, a function is locally bounded if it is bounded around every point. A family of functions is locally bounded if for any point in their domain all the functions are bounded around that point and by the same number. Locally bounded function A real-valued or complex-valued function defined on some topolo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek%20mathematics
Greek mathematics refers to mathematics texts and ideas stemming from the Archaic through the Hellenistic and Roman periods, mostly from the late 7th century BC to the 6th century AD, around the shores of the Mediterranean. Greek mathematicians lived in cities spread over the entire region, from Anatolia to Italy and N...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmically%20convex%20function
In mathematics, a function f is logarithmically convex or superconvex if , the composition of the logarithm with f, is itself a convex function. Definition Let be a convex subset of a real vector space, and let be a function taking non-negative values. Then is: Logarithmically convex if is convex, and Strictly ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donato%20Acciaioli
Donato Acciaioli (15 March 142828 August 1478) was an Italian scholar and statesman. He was known for his learning, especially in Greek and mathematics, and for his services to his native state, the Republic of Florence. Biography He was born in Florence, Italy. He was educated under the patronage or guidance of Jacop...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chebyshev%20distance
In mathematics, Chebyshev distance (or Tchebychev distance), maximum metric, or L∞ metric is a metric defined on a vector space where the distance between two vectors is the greatest of their differences along any coordinate dimension. It is named after Pafnuty Chebyshev. It is also known as chessboard distance, since...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possibility%20theory
Possibility theory is a mathematical theory for dealing with certain types of uncertainty and is an alternative to probability theory. It uses measures of possibility and necessity between 0 and 1, ranging from impossible to possible and unnecessary to necessary, respectively. Professor Lotfi Zadeh first introduced pos...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSMS
MSMS may refer to: Master of Science in Medical Sciences Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) Michigan State Medical Society Miami Springs Middle School Mississippi School for Mathematics and Science Master of Science in Management Studies Making Science Make Sense, an outreach program from Bayer Corporation MSMs,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variational
Variational may refer to: Calculus of variations, a field of mathematical analysis that deals with maximizing or minimizing functionals Variational method (quantum mechanics), a way of finding approximations to the lowest energy eigenstate or ground state in quantum physics Variational Bayesian methods, a family of te...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coplanarity
In geometry, a set of points in space are coplanar if there exists a geometric plane that contains them all. For example, three points are always coplanar, and if the points are distinct and non-collinear, the plane they determine is unique. However, a set of four or more distinct points will, in general, not lie in a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar%20projection
In mathematics, the scalar projection of a vector on (or onto) a vector also known as the scalar resolute of in the direction of is given by: where the operator denotes a dot product, is the unit vector in the direction of is the length of and is the angle between and . The term scalar component refers som...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics%20of%20Serbia
Demographic features of the population of Serbia include vital statistics, ethnicity, religious affiliations, education level, health of the populace, and other aspects of the population. History Censuses in Serbia ordinarily take place every 10 years, organized by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. Th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg%20Hamel
Georg Karl Wilhelm Hamel (12 September 1877 – 4 October 1954) was a German mathematician with interests in mechanics, the foundations of mathematics and function theory. Biography Hamel was born in Düren, Rhenish Prussia. He studied at Aachen, Berlin, Göttingen, and Karlsruhe. His doctoral adviser was David Hilbert. H...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohort%20%28statistics%29
In statistics, epidemiology, marketing and demography, a cohort is a group of subjects who share a defining characteristic (typically subjects who experienced a common event in a selected time period, such as birth or graduation). Cohort data can oftentimes be more advantageous to demographers than period data. Becau...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order%20of%20a%20kernel
In statistics, the order of a kernel is the degree of the first non-zero moment of a kernel. Definitions The literature knows two major definitions of the order of a kernel: Definition 1 Let be an integer. Then, is a kernel of order if the functions are integrable and satisfy Definition 2 References Nonparam...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced%20form
In statistics, and particularly in econometrics, the reduced form of a system of equations is the result of solving the system for the endogenous variables. This gives the latter as functions of the exogenous variables, if any. In econometrics, the equations of a structural form model are estimated in their theoretica...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoregressive%20integrated%20moving%20average
In statistics and econometrics, and in particular in time series analysis, an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model is a generalization of an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model. To better comprehend the data or to forecast upcoming series points, both of these models are fitted to time series ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayesian%20search%20theory
Bayesian search theory is the application of Bayesian statistics to the search for lost objects. It has been used several times to find lost sea vessels, for example USS Scorpion, and has played a key role in the recovery of the flight recorders in the Air France Flight 447 disaster of 2009. It has also been used in th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witt%20algebra
In mathematics, the complex Witt algebra, named after Ernst Witt, is the Lie algebra of meromorphic vector fields defined on the Riemann sphere that are holomorphic except at two fixed points. It is also the complexification of the Lie algebra of polynomial vector fields on a circle, and the Lie algebra of derivation...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wald%27s%20equation
In probability theory, Wald's equation, Wald's identity or Wald's lemma is an important identity that simplifies the calculation of the expected value of the sum of a random number of random quantities. In its simplest form, it relates the expectation of a sum of randomly many finite-mean, independent and identically d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20I.%20Jordan
Michael Irwin Jordan (born February 25, 1956) is an American scientist, professor at the University of California, Berkeley and researcher in machine learning, statistics, and artificial intelligence. Jordan was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2010 for contributions to the foundations and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental%20variables%20estimation
In statistics, econometrics, epidemiology and related disciplines, the method of instrumental variables (IV) is used to estimate causal relationships when controlled experiments are not feasible or when a treatment is not successfully delivered to every unit in a randomized experiment. Intuitively, IVs are used when an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homothetic
Homothetic may refer to: Geometry Homothetic transformation, also known as homothety, homothecy, or homogeneous dilation Homothetic center Homothetic vector field Economics Homothetic preferences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unary%20function
In mathematics, a unary function is a function that takes one argument. A unary operator belongs to a subset of unary functions, in that its range coincides with its domain. In contrast, a unary function's domain may or may not coincide with its range. Examples The successor function, denoted , is a unary operator. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food%20engineering
Food engineering is a scientific, academic, and professional field that interprets and applies principles of engineering, science, and mathematics to food manufacturing and operations, including the processing, production, handling, storage, conservation, control, packaging and distribution of food products. Given its ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kummer%27s%20function
In mathematics, there are several functions known as Kummer's function. One is known as the confluent hypergeometric function of Kummer. Another one, defined below, is related to the polylogarithm. Both are named for Ernst Kummer. Kummer's function is defined by The duplication formula is . Compare this to the dupl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confluent%20hypergeometric%20function
In mathematics, a confluent hypergeometric function is a solution of a confluent hypergeometric equation, which is a degenerate form of a hypergeometric differential equation where two of the three regular singularities merge into an irregular singularity. The term confluent refers to the merging of singular points of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jotun%20Hein
Jotun John Piet Hein (born 19 July 1956) is Professor of Bioinformatics at the Department of Statistics of the University of Oxford and a professorial fellow of University College, Oxford. Hein was previously Director of the Bioinformatics Research Centre at Aarhus University, Denmark. Hein is the fourth son of Piet H...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidstone%20series
In mathematics, a Lidstone series, named after George James Lidstone, is a kind of polynomial expansion that can express certain types of entire functions. Let ƒ(z) be an entire function of exponential type less than (N + 1)π, as defined below. Then ƒ(z) can be expanded in terms of polynomials An as follows: Here An...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular%20distribution
In probability and statistics, a circular distribution or polar distribution is a probability distribution of a random variable whose values are angles, usually taken to be in the range A circular distribution is often a continuous probability distribution, and hence has a probability density, but such distributions c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running%20angle
In mathematics, the running angle is the angle of consecutive vectors with respect to the base line, i.e. Usually, it is more informative to compute it using a four-quadrant version of the arctan function in a mathematical software library. See also Differential geometry Polar distribution Penmanship
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gheorghe%20%C8%9Ai%C8%9Beica
Gheorghe Țițeica (; 4 October 1873 – 5 February 1939) publishing as George or Georges Tzitzéica) was a Romanian mathematician who made important contributions in geometry. He is recognized as the founder of the Romanian school of differential geometry. Education He was born in Turnu Severin, western Oltenia, the son o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helly%E2%80%93Bray%20theorem
In probability theory, the Helly–Bray theorem relates the weak convergence of cumulative distribution functions to the convergence of expectations of certain measurable functions. It is named after Eduard Helly and Hubert Evelyn Bray. Let F and F1, F2, ... be cumulative distribution functions on the real line. The He...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonmetricity%20tensor
In mathematics, the nonmetricity tensor in differential geometry is the covariant derivative of the metric tensor. It is therefore a tensor field of order three. It vanishes for the case of Riemannian geometry and can be used to study non-Riemannian spacetimes. Definition By components, it is defined as follows. It ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebesgue%20point
In mathematics, given a locally Lebesgue integrable function on , a point in the domain of is a Lebesgue point if Here, is a ball centered at with radius , and is its Lebesgue measure. The Lebesgue points of are thus points where does not oscillate too much, in an average sense. The Lebesgue differentiation ...