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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Artin | Michael Artin (; born 28 June 1934) is a German-American mathematician and a professor emeritus in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Mathematics Department, known for his contributions to algebraic geometry.
Life and career
Michael Artin or Artinian of Armenian origin was born in Hamburg, Germany, and brought... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collectively%20exhaustive%20events | In probability theory and logic, a set of events is jointly or collectively exhaustive if at least one of the events must occur. For example, when rolling a six-sided die, the events 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 balls of a single outcome are collectively exhaustive, because they encompass the entire range of possible outcome... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonelementary%20integral | In mathematics, a nonelementary antiderivative of a given elementary function is an antiderivative (or indefinite integral) that is, itself, not an elementary function (i.e. a function constructed from a finite number of quotients of constant, algebraic, exponential, trigonometric, and logarithmic functions using field... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre%20Bourguignon | Jean-Pierre Bourguignon (born 21 July 1947) is a French mathematician, working in the field of differential geometry.
Biography
Born in Lyon, he studied at École Polytechnique in Palaiseau, graduating in 1969. For his graduate studies he went to Paris Diderot University, where he obtained his PhD in 1974 under the dir... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardy%E2%80%93Littlewood%20circle%20method | In mathematics, the Hardy–Ramanujan–Littlewood circle method is a technique of analytic number theory. It is named for G. H. Hardy, S. Ramanujan, and J. E. Littlewood, who developed it in a series of papers on Waring's problem.
History
The initial idea is usually attributed to the work of Hardy with Srinivasa Ramanuja... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superquadrics | In mathematics, the superquadrics or super-quadrics (also superquadratics) are a family of geometric shapes defined by formulas that resemble those of ellipsoids and other quadrics, except that the squaring operations are replaced by arbitrary powers. They can be seen as the three-dimensional relatives of the superelli... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, the jet is an operation that takes a differentiable function f and produces a polynomial, the truncated Taylor polynomial of f, at each point of its domain. Although this is the definition of a jet, the theory of jets regards these polynomials as being abstract polynomials rather than polynomial functio... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy%27s%20theorem | In Euclidean geometry, Ptolemy's theorem is a relation between the four sides and two diagonals of a cyclic quadrilateral (a quadrilateral whose vertices lie on a common circle). The theorem is named after the Greek astronomer and mathematician Ptolemy (Claudius Ptolemaeus). Ptolemy used the theorem as an aid to creati... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schur%27s%20theorem | In discrete mathematics, Schur's theorem is any of several theorems of the mathematician Issai Schur. In differential geometry, Schur's theorem is a theorem of Axel Schur. In functional analysis, Schur's theorem is often called Schur's property, also due to Issai Schur.
Ramsey theory
In Ramsey theory, Schur's theore... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education%20in%20North%20Korea | Education in North Korea is universal and state-funded schooling by the government. As of 2021, UNESCO Institute for Statistics does not report any data for North Korea's literacy rates. Some children go through one year of kindergarten, four years of primary education, six years of secondary education, and then on to ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taenidia | Taenidia (singular: taenidium) are circumferential thickenings of the cuticle inside a trachea or tracheole in an insect's respiratory system. The geometry of the Taenidiae varies across different orders of insects and even throughout the tracheae in an individual organism. Taenidia generally take the form of either... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese%20mathematics | Mathematics in China emerged independently by the 11th century BCE. The Chinese independently developed a real number system that includes significantly large and negative numbers, more than one numeral system (base 2 and base 10), algebra, geometry, number theory and trigonometry.
Since the Han dynasty, as diophantin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized%20canonical%20correlation | In statistics, the generalized canonical correlation analysis (gCCA), is a way of making sense of cross-correlation matrices between the sets of random variables when there are more than two sets. While a conventional CCA generalizes principal component analysis (PCA) to two sets of random variables, a gCCA generalize... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma%20School%20of%20Science%20and%20Mathematics | The Oklahoma School of Science and Mathematics (OSSM) is a two-year, public residential high school located in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Established by the Oklahoma state legislature in 1983, the school was designed to educate academically gifted high school juniors and seniors in advanced mathematics and science. OSSM ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implicit%20surface | In mathematics, an implicit surface is a surface in Euclidean space defined by an equation
An implicit surface is the set of zeros of a function of three variables. Implicit means that the equation is not solved for or or .
The graph of a function is usually described by an equation and is called an explicit re... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omitted-variable%20bias | In statistics, omitted-variable bias (OVB) occurs when a statistical model leaves out one or more relevant variables. The bias results in the model attributing the effect of the missing variables to those that were included.
More specifically, OVB is the bias that appears in the estimates of parameters in a regression... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totally%20bounded%20space | In topology and related branches of mathematics, total-boundedness is a generalization of compactness for circumstances in which a set is not necessarily closed. A totally bounded set can be covered by finitely many subsets of every fixed “size” (where the meaning of “size” depends on the structure of the ambient spac... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliquot | Aliquot () may refer to:
Mathematics
Aliquot part, a proper divisor of an integer
Aliquot sum, the sum of the aliquot parts of an integer
Aliquot sequence, a sequence of integers in which each number is the aliquot sum of the previous number
Music
Aliquot stringing, in stringed instruments, the use of strings which a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation%20operator | Translation operator can refer to these things:
Translation operator (quantum mechanics)
Shift operator, which effects a geometric translation
Translation (geometry)
Displacement operator in quantum optics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neighbourhood%20%28mathematics%29 | In topology and related areas of mathematics, a neighbourhood (or neighborhood) is one of the basic concepts in a topological space. It is closely related to the concepts of open set and interior. Intuitively speaking, a neighbourhood of a point is a set of points containing that point where one can move some amount in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform%20property | In the mathematical field of topology a uniform property or uniform invariant is a property of a uniform space that is invariant under uniform isomorphisms.
Since uniform spaces come as topological spaces and uniform isomorphisms are homeomorphisms, every topological property of a uniform space is also a uniform prope... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Split%20exact%20sequence | In mathematics, a split exact sequence is a short exact sequence in which the middle term is built out of the two outer terms in the simplest possible way.
Equivalent characterizations
A short exact sequence of abelian groups or of modules over a fixed ring, or more generally of objects in an abelian category
is cal... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeomorphism%20group | In mathematics, particularly topology, the homeomorphism group of a topological space is the group consisting of all homeomorphisms from the space to itself with function composition as the group operation. Homeomorphism groups are very important in the theory of topological spaces and in general are examples of automo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm%20Killing | Wilhelm Karl Joseph Killing (10 May 1847 – 11 February 1923) was a German mathematician who made important contributions to the theories of Lie algebras, Lie groups, and non-Euclidean geometry.
Life
Killing studied at the University of Münster and later wrote his dissertation under Karl Weierstrass and Ernst Kummer at... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equidistant | A point is said to be equidistant from a set of objects if the distances between that point and each object in the set are equal.
In two-dimensional Euclidean geometry, the locus of points equidistant from two given (different) points is their perpendicular bisector. In three dimensions, the locus of points equidistan... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grothendieck%E2%80%93Riemann%E2%80%93Roch%20theorem | In mathematics, specifically in algebraic geometry, the Grothendieck–Riemann–Roch theorem is a far-reaching result on coherent cohomology. It is a generalisation of the Hirzebruch–Riemann–Roch theorem, about complex manifolds, which is itself a generalisation of the classical Riemann–Roch theorem for line bundles on co... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univalent%20function | In mathematics, in the branch of complex analysis, a holomorphic function on an open subset of the complex plane is called univalent if it is injective.
Examples
The function is univalent in the open unit disc, as implies that . As the second factor is non-zero in the open unit disc, must be injective.
Basic prop... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Similarity%20invariance | In linear algebra, similarity invariance is a property exhibited by a function whose value is unchanged under similarities of its domain. That is, is invariant under similarities if where is a matrix similar to A. Examples of such functions include the trace, determinant, characteristic polynomial, and the minimal... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proximity%20space | In topology, a proximity space, also called a nearness space, is an axiomatization of the intuitive notion of "nearness" that hold set-to-set, as opposed to the better known point-to-set notion that characterize topological spaces.
The concept was described by but ignored at the time. It was rediscovered and axiomati... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruskal%E2%80%93Katona%20theorem | In algebraic combinatorics, the Kruskal–Katona theorem gives a complete characterization of the f-vectors of abstract simplicial complexes. It includes as a special case the Erdős–Ko–Rado theorem and can be restated in terms of uniform hypergraphs. It is named after Joseph Kruskal and Gyula O. H. Katona, but has been i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MINQUE | In statistics, the theory of minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimation (MINQUE) was developed by C. R. Rao. Its application was originally to the problem of heteroscedasticity and the estimation of variance components in random effects models.
The theory involves three stages:
defining a general class of potential e... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%20da%20Costa | Newton Carneiro Affonso da Costa (born 16 September 1929 in Curitiba, Brazil) is a Brazilian mathematician, logician, and philosopher. He studied engineering and mathematics at the Federal University of Paraná in Curitiba and the title of his 1961 Ph.D. dissertation was Topological spaces and continuous functions.
Wo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex%20vector%20bundle | In mathematics, a complex vector bundle is a vector bundle whose fibers are complex vector spaces.
Any complex vector bundle can be viewed as a real vector bundle through the restriction of scalars. Conversely, any real vector bundle E can be promoted to a complex vector bundle, the complexification
whose fibers are ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth%20structure | In mathematics, a smooth structure on a manifold allows for an unambiguous notion of smooth function. In particular, a smooth structure allows one to perform mathematical analysis on the manifold.
Definition
A smooth structure on a manifold is a collection of smoothly equivalent smooth atlases. Here, a smooth atlas... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darboux%27s%20theorem | In differential geometry, a field in mathematics, Darboux's theorem is a theorem providing a normal form for special classes of differential 1-forms, partially generalizing the Frobenius integration theorem. It is named after Jean Gaston Darboux who established it as the solution of the Pfaff problem.
It is a foundati... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compactification | Compactification may refer to:
Compactification (mathematics), making a topological space compact
Compactification (physics), the "curling up" of extra dimensions in string theory
See also
Compaction (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix%20norm | In mathematics, a matrix norm is a vector norm in a vector space whose elements (vectors) are matrices (of given dimensions).
Preliminaries
Given a field of either real or complex numbers, let be the -vector space of matrices with rows and columns and entries in the field . A matrix norm is a norm on .
This ar... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subgroup%20series | In mathematics, specifically group theory, a subgroup series of a group is a chain of subgroups:
where is the trivial subgroup. Subgroup series can simplify the study of a group to the study of simpler subgroups and their relations, and several subgroup series can be invariantly defined and are important invariants ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang%20Xiaoyun | Wang Xiaoyun (; born 1966) is a Chinese cryptographer, mathematician, and computer scientist. She is a professor in the Department of Mathematics and System Science of Shandong University and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Early life and education
Wang was born in Zhucheng, Shandong Province. She ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twisted%20cubic | In mathematics, a twisted cubic is a smooth, rational curve C of degree three in projective 3-space P3. It is a fundamental example of a skew curve. It is essentially unique, up to projective transformation (the twisted cubic, therefore). In algebraic geometry, the twisted cubic is a simple example of a projective vari... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypotrochoid | In geometry, a hypotrochoid is a roulette traced by a point attached to a circle of radius rolling around the inside of a fixed circle of radius , where the point is a distance from the center of the interior circle.
The parametric equations for a hypotrochoid are:
where is the angle formed by the horizontal and t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epitrochoid | In geometry, an epitrochoid ( or ) is a roulette traced by a point attached to a circle of radius rolling around the outside of a fixed circle of radius , where the point is at a distance from the center of the exterior circle.
The parametric equations for an epitrochoid are
The parameter is geometrically the pola... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injective%20sheaf | In mathematics, injective sheaves of abelian groups are used to construct the resolutions needed to define sheaf cohomology (and other derived functors, such as sheaf Ext).
There is a further group of related concepts applied to sheaves: flabby (flasque in French), fine, soft (mou in French), acyclic. In the history o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villarceau%20circles | In geometry, Villarceau circles () are a pair of circles produced by cutting a torus obliquely through the center at a special angle.
Given an arbitrary point on a torus, four circles can be drawn through it. One is in a plane parallel to the equatorial plane of the torus and another perpendicular to that plane (thes... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20L.%20Doob | Joseph Leo Doob (February 27, 1910 – June 7, 2004) was an American mathematician, specializing in analysis and probability theory.
The theory of martingales was developed by Doob.
Early life and education
Doob was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, February 27, 1910, the son of a Jewish couple, Leo Doob and Mollie Doerfler D... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fana | {{Historical populations
|footnote = Source: Statistics Norway.
|shading = off
|1980|25050
|1990|27163
|2001|32393
|2013|40087
}}
Fana is a borough of the city of Bergen in Vestland county, Norway. The borough makes up the southeastern part of the municipality of Bergen. The borough was once part o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael%20Bombelli | Rafael Bombelli (baptised on 20 January 1526; died 1572) was an Italian mathematician. Born in Bologna, he is the author of a treatise on algebra and is a central figure in the understanding of imaginary numbers.
He was the one who finally managed to address the problem with imaginary numbers. In his 1572 book, L'Alge... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional-order%20control | Fractional-order control (FOC) is a field of control theory that uses the fractional-order integrator as part of the control system design toolkit. The use of fractional calculus (FC) can improve and generalize well-established control methods and strategies.
The fundamental advantage of FOC is that the fractional-or... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiregular%20polyhedron | In geometry, the term semiregular polyhedron (or semiregular polytope) is used variously by different authors.
Definitions
In its original definition, it is a polyhedron with regular polygonal faces, and a symmetry group which is transitive on its vertices; today, this is more commonly referred to as a uniform polyhed... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisenaire%20rods | Cuisenaire rods are mathematics learning aids for students that provide an interactive, hands-on way to explore mathematics and learn mathematical concepts, such as the four basic arithmetical operations, working with fractions and finding divisors. In the early 1950s, Caleb Gattegno popularised this set of coloured nu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index%20calculus%20algorithm | In computational number theory, the index calculus algorithm is a probabilistic algorithm for computing discrete logarithms.
Dedicated to the discrete logarithm in where is a prime, index calculus leads to a family of algorithms adapted to finite fields and to some families of elliptic curves. The algorithm collects... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear%20complex%20structure | In mathematics, a complex structure on a real vector space V is an automorphism of V that squares to the minus identity, −I. Such a structure on V allows one to define multiplication by complex scalars in a canonical fashion so as to regard V as a complex vector space.
Every complex vector space can be equipped with a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/136%20%28number%29 | 136 (one hundred [and] thirty-six) is the natural number following 135 and preceding 137.
In mathematics
136 is itself a factor of the Eddington number. With a total of 8 divisors, 8 among them, 136 is a refactorable number. It is a composite number.
136 is a centered triangular number and a centered nonagonal number... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/173%20%28number%29 | 173 (one hundred [and] seventy-three) is the natural number following 172 and preceding 174.
In mathematics
173 is:
an odd number.
a deficient number.
an odious number.
a balanced prime.
an Eisenstein prime with no imaginary part.
a Sophie Germain prime.
an inconsummate number.
the sum of 2 squares: 22 + 132.
the sum ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%27s%20axiom | In the mathematical field of set theory, Martin's axiom, introduced by Donald A. Martin and Robert M. Solovay, is a statement that is independent of the usual axioms of ZFC set theory. It is implied by the continuum hypothesis, but it is consistent with ZFC and the negation of the continuum hypothesis. Informally, it s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20Horsley | Samuel Horsley (15 September 1733 – 4 October 1806) was a British churchman, bishop of Rochester from 1793. He was also well versed in physics and mathematics, on which he wrote a number of papers and thus was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1767; and secretary in 1773, but, in consequence of a difference with... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science%20Foundation%20Ireland | Science Foundation Ireland (SFI; ) is the statutory body in Ireland with responsibility for funding oriented basic and applied research in the areas of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) with a strategic focus. The agency was established in 2003 under the Industrial Development (Science Foundation ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAMS | CAMS or cams may refer to:
Organizations
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
California Academy of Mathematics and Science, a high school in Carson, California, US
Calexico Mission School, a Seventh-day Adventist Church school, California, US
Center for Advanced Media Studies, Johns Hopkins University
Chantiers A... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linkage%20%28mechanical%29 | A mechanical linkage is an assembly of systems connected to manage forces and movement. The movement of a body, or link, is studied using geometry so the link is considered to be rigid. The connections between links are modeled as providing ideal movement, pure rotation or sliding for example, and are called joints. ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brianchon%27s%20theorem | In geometry, Brianchon's theorem is a theorem stating that when a hexagon is circumscribed around a conic section, its principal diagonals (those connecting opposite vertices) meet in a single point. It is named after Charles Julien Brianchon (1783–1864).
Formal statement
Let be a hexagon formed by six tangent lines ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive%20and%20negative%20predictive%20values | The positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV respectively) are the proportions of positive and negative results in statistics and diagnostic tests that are true positive and true negative results, respectively. The PPV and NPV describe the performance of a diagnostic test or other statistical measure. A hi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pushforward%20%28differential%29 | In differential geometry, pushforward is a linear approximation of smooth maps on tangent spaces. Suppose that is a smooth map between smooth manifolds; then the differential of at a point , denoted , is, in some sense, the best linear approximation of near . It can be viewed as a generalization of the total derivat... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipodil | Hipodil ( ) was a Bulgarian rock band, founded in the late 1980s in Sofia by four classmates from the local Mathematics High School.
Hipodil's popularity was based in large on their aggressive, sarcastic, sometimes vulgar and explicit but yet humorous lyrics. Because of that Hipodil were known as a "scandalous and re... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido%20Castelnuovo | Guido Castelnuovo (14 August 1865 – 27 April 1952) was an Italian mathematician. He is best known for his contributions to the field of algebraic geometry, though his contributions to the study of statistics and probability theory are also significant.
Life
Early life
Castelnuovo was born in Venice. His father, Enr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASMS | ASMS may stand for:
American Society for Mass Spectrometry, a professional society, as well as the society's annual meeting
Arkansas School for Mathematics, Sciences, and the Arts
Association of Salaried Medical Specialists, a New Zealand trade union.
Australian Science and Mathematics School on the campus of Flinders... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald%20Coifman | Ronald Raphael Coifman is the Sterling professor of Mathematics at Yale University. Coifman earned a doctorate from the University of Geneva in 1965, supervised by Jovan Karamata.
Coifman is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering, and the National Acad... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian%20Global%20Almanac | The Canadian Global Almanac is a Canadian reference book containing a large collection of facts and statistics. It grew out of the American World Almanac and Book of Facts when in 1986 an all-Canadian version was published, edited by John Filion and published by Susan Yates. John Robert Columbo later became its edito... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Wieferich | Arthur Josef Alwin Wieferich (April 27, 1884 – September 15, 1954) was a German mathematician and teacher, remembered for his work on number theory, as exemplified by a type of prime numbers named after him.
He was born in Münster, attended the University of Münster (1903–1909) and then worked as a school teacher and ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principles%20and%20Standards%20for%20School%20Mathematics | Principles and Standards for School Mathematics (PSSM) are guidelines produced by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) in 2000, setting forth recommendations for mathematics educators. They form a national vision for preschool through twelfth grade mathematics education in the US and Canada. It is th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Council%20of%20Teachers%20of%20Mathematics | Founded in 1920, The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) is a professional organization for schoolteachers of mathematics in the United States. One of its goals is to improve the standards of mathematics in education. NCTM holds annual national and regional conferences for teachers and publishes five jou... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heesch%27s%20problem | In geometry, the Heesch number of a shape is the maximum number of layers of copies of the same shape that can surround it with no overlaps and no gaps. Heesch's problem is the problem of determining the set of numbers that can be Heesch numbers. Both are named for geometer Heinrich Heesch, who found a tile with Heesch... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contorsion%20tensor | The contorsion tensor in differential geometry is the difference between a connection with and without torsion in it. It commonly appears in the study of spin connections. Thus, for example, a vielbein together with a spin connection, when subject to the condition of vanishing torsion, gives a description of Einstein ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20Nowak | Martin Andreas Nowak (born April 7, 1965) is an Austrian-born professor of mathematics and biology at Harvard University. He is one of the leading researchers in the field of mathematical biology. He made contributions to the theory of evolution, cooperation, virus dynamics, and cancer dynamics. Nowak held professorshi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disjoint%20union%20%28topology%29 | In general topology and related areas of mathematics, the disjoint union (also called the direct sum, free union, free sum, topological sum, or coproduct) of a family of topological spaces is a space formed by equipping the disjoint union of the underlying sets with a natural topology called the disjoint union topolog... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%20Bruijn%20sequence | In combinatorial mathematics, a de Bruijn sequence of order n on a size-k alphabet A is a cyclic sequence in which every possible length-n string on A occurs exactly once as a substring (i.e., as a contiguous subsequence). Such a sequence is denoted by and has length , which is also the number of distinct strings of l... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estimation%20theory | Estimation theory is a branch of statistics that deals with estimating the values of parameters based on measured empirical data that has a random component. The parameters describe an underlying physical setting in such a way that their value affects the distribution of the measured data. An estimator attempts to app... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%20Mu%20Epsilon | Pi Mu Epsilon ( or ) is the U.S. honorary national mathematics society.
The society was founded at Syracuse University on , by Professor Edward Drake Roe, Jr, and currently has chapters at 371 institutions across the US.
Goals
Pi Mu Epsilon is dedicated to the promotion of mathematics and recognition of students who ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approach%20space | In topology, a branch of mathematics, approach spaces are a generalization of metric spaces, based on point-to-set distances, instead of point-to-point distances. They were introduced by Robert Lowen in 1989, in a series of papers on approach theory between 1988 and 1995.
Definition
Given a metric space (X, d), or mo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derived%20set%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, more specifically in point-set topology, the derived set of a subset of a topological space is the set of all limit points of It is usually denoted by
The concept was first introduced by Georg Cantor in 1872 and he developed set theory in large part to study derived sets on the real line.
Definiti... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary%20arithmetic | Elementary arithmetic is a branch of mathematics involving basic numerical operations, namely addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Due to its low level of abstraction, broad range of application, and position as the foundation of all mathematics, elementary arithmetic is generally the first critical bra... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma-ideal | In mathematics, particularly measure theory, a -ideal, or sigma ideal, of a σ-algebra (, read "sigma") is a subset with certain desirable closure properties. It is a special type of ideal. Its most frequent application is in probability theory.
Let be a measurable space (meaning is a -algebra of subsets of ). A sub... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todd%20class | In mathematics, the Todd class is a certain construction now considered a part of the theory in algebraic topology of characteristic classes. The Todd class of a vector bundle can be defined by means of the theory of Chern classes, and is encountered where Chern classes exist — most notably in differential topology, t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-integer | In mathematics, a half-integer is a number of the form
where is a whole number. For example,
are all half-integers. The name "half-integer" is perhaps misleading, as the set may be misunderstood to include numbers such as 1 (being half the integer 2). A name such as "integer-plus-half" may be more accurate, but ev... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitarian%20trick | In mathematics, the unitarian trick is a device in the representation theory of Lie groups, introduced by for the special linear group and by Hermann Weyl for general semisimple groups. It applies to show that the representation theory of some group G is in a qualitative way controlled by that of some other compact ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veronese%20surface | In mathematics, the Veronese surface is an algebraic surface in five-dimensional projective space, and is realized by the Veronese embedding, the embedding of the projective plane given by the complete linear system of conics. It is named after Giuseppe Veronese (1854–1917). Its generalization to higher dimension is kn... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society%20of%20Mathematicians%2C%20Physicists%20and%20Astronomers%20of%20Slovenia | The Society of Mathematicians, Physicists and Astronomers of Slovenia (Slovene: Društvo matematikov, fizikov in astronomov Slovenije, DMFA) is the main Slovene society in the field of mathematics, physics and astronomy.
The Society is occupied with pedagogical activity and with the popularization of mathematics, recre... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical%20chemistry | Mathematical chemistry is the area of research engaged in novel applications of mathematics to chemistry; it concerns itself principally with the mathematical modeling of chemical phenomena. Mathematical chemistry has also sometimes been called computer chemistry, but should not be confused with computational chemistry... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kripke%E2%80%93Platek%20set%20theory%20with%20urelements | The Kripke–Platek set theory with urelements (KPU) is an axiom system for set theory with urelements, based on the traditional (urelement-free) Kripke–Platek set theory. It is considerably weaker than the (relatively) familiar system ZFU. The purpose of allowing urelements is to allow large or high-complexity objects (... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KPU | KPU is an abbreviation that can mean:
Kenya People's Union, a historic political party in Kenya
Korea Polytechnic University, South Korea
Kripke–Platek set theory with urelements, an axiom system for set theory
Kwantlen Polytechnic University, a public university located in Surrey, British Columbia, Canada.
Kyoto... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von%20Mises | The Mises family or von Mises is the name of an Austrian noble family. Members of the family excelled especially in mathematics and economy.
Notable members
Ludwig von Mises, an Austrian-American economist of the Austrian School, older brother of Richard von Mises
Mises Institute, or the Ludwig von Mises Institute ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%27s%20fourth%20problem | In mathematics, Hilbert's fourth problem in the 1900 list of Hilbert's problems is a foundational question in geometry. In one statement derived from the original, it was to find — up to an isomorphism — all geometries that have an axiomatic system of the classical geometry (Euclidean, hyperbolic and elliptic), with t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinality%20of%20the%20continuum | In set theory, the cardinality of the continuum is the cardinality or "size" of the set of real numbers , sometimes called the continuum. It is an infinite cardinal number and is denoted by (lowercase Fraktur "c") or .
The real numbers are more numerous than the natural numbers . Moreover, has the same number of el... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Lyon%20Bowley | Sir Arthur Lyon Bowley, FBA (6 November 1869 – 21 January 1957) was an English statistician and economist who worked on economic statistics and pioneered the use of sampling techniques in social surveys.
Early life
Bowley's father, James William Lyon Bowley, was a minister in the Church of England. He died at the age ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimesis%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, mimesis is the quality of a numerical method which imitates some properties of the continuum problem. The goal of numerical analysis is to approximate the continuum, so instead of solving a partial differential equation one aims to solve a discrete version of the continuum problem. Properties of the con... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Seymour%20%28mathematician%29 | Paul D. Seymour (born 26 July 1950) is a British mathematician known for his work in discrete mathematics, especially graph theory. He (with others) was responsible for important progress on regular matroids and totally unimodular matrices, the four colour theorem, linkless embeddings, graph minors and structure, the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series%20expansion | In mathematics, a series expansion is a technique that expresses a function as an infinite sum, or series, of simpler functions. It is a method for calculating a function that cannot be expressed by just elementary operators (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division).
The resulting so-called series often can... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic%20partial%20differential%20equation | In mathematics, a hyperbolic partial differential equation of order is a partial differential equation (PDE) that, roughly speaking, has a well-posed initial value problem for the first derivatives. More precisely, the Cauchy problem can be locally solved for arbitrary initial data along any non-characteristic hypers... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variadic%20function | In mathematics and in computer programming, a variadic function is a function of indefinite arity, i.e., one which accepts a variable number of arguments. Support for variadic functions differs widely among programming languages.
The term variadic is a neologism, dating back to 1936–1937. The term was not widely used... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incidence%20geometry | In mathematics, incidence geometry is the study of incidence structures. A geometric structure such as the Euclidean plane is a complicated object that involves concepts such as length, angles, continuity, betweenness, and incidence. An incidence structure is what is obtained when all other concepts are removed and all... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamenta%20Mathematicae | Fundamenta Mathematicae is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of mathematics with a special focus on the foundations of mathematics, concentrating on set theory, mathematical logic, topology and its interactions with algebra, and dynamical systems.
The first specialized journal in the field of mathematics, originally... |
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