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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landau%20prime%20ideal%20theorem
In algebraic number theory, the prime ideal theorem is the number field generalization of the prime number theorem. It provides an asymptotic formula for counting the number of prime ideals of a number field K, with norm at most X. Example What to expect can be seen already for the Gaussian integers. There for any pri...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristic%20function%20%28probability%20theory%29
In probability theory and statistics, the characteristic function of any real-valued random variable completely defines its probability distribution. If a random variable admits a probability density function, then the characteristic function is the Fourier transform of the probability density function. Thus it provide...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annihilator%20method
In mathematics, the annihilator method is a procedure used to find a particular solution to certain types of non-homogeneous ordinary differential equations (ODE's). It is similar to the method of undetermined coefficients, but instead of guessing the particular solution in the method of undetermined coefficients, the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broken%20diagonal
In recreational mathematics and the theory of magic squares, a broken diagonal is a set of n cells forming two parallel diagonal lines in the square. Alternatively, these two lines can be thought of as wrapping around the boundaries of the square to form a single sequence. In pandiagonal magic squares A magic square ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian%20Grassmannian
In mathematics, the Lagrangian Grassmannian is the smooth manifold of Lagrangian subspaces of a real symplectic vector space V. Its dimension is n(n + 1) (where the dimension of V is 2n). It may be identified with the homogeneous space , where is the unitary group and the orthogonal group. Following Vladimir Arnold...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20exceptional%20set%20concepts
This is a list of exceptional set concepts. In mathematics, and in particular in mathematical analysis, it is very useful to be able to characterise subsets of a given set X as 'small', in some definite sense, or 'large' if their complement in X is small. There are numerous concepts that have been introduced to study '...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxon%20math
Saxon math, developed by John Saxon (1923–1996), is a teaching method for incremental learning of mathematics created in the 1980s. It involves teaching a new mathematical concept every day and constantly reviewing old concepts. Early editions were deprecated for providing very few opportunities to practice the new ma...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoconvexity
In mathematics, more precisely in the theory of functions of several complex variables, a pseudoconvex set is a special type of open set in the n-dimensional complex space Cn. Pseudoconvex sets are important, as they allow for classification of domains of holomorphy. Let be a domain, that is, an open connected sub...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain%20of%20holomorphy
In mathematics, in the theory of functions of several complex variables, a domain of holomorphy is a domain which is maximal in the sense that there exists a holomorphic function on this domain which cannot be extended to a bigger domain. Formally, an open set in the n-dimensional complex space is called a domain...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoconvex%20function
In convex analysis and the calculus of variations, both branches of mathematics, a pseudoconvex function is a function that behaves like a convex function with respect to finding its local minima, but need not actually be convex. Informally, a differentiable function is pseudoconvex if it is increasing in any directio...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convex%20analysis
Convex analysis is the branch of mathematics devoted to the study of properties of convex functions and convex sets, often with applications in convex minimization, a subdomain of optimization theory. Convex sets A subset of some vector space is if it satisfies any of the following equivalent conditions: If is r...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subharmonic%20function
In mathematics, subharmonic and superharmonic functions are important classes of functions used extensively in partial differential equations, complex analysis and potential theory. Intuitively, subharmonic functions are related to convex functions of one variable as follows. If the graph of a convex function and a li...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian%20National%20Mathematical%20Olympiad
The Indian National Mathematical Olympiad (INMO) is a high school mathematics competition held annually in India since 1989. It is the third tier in the Indian team selection procedure for the International Mathematical Olympiad and is conducted by the Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education (HBCSE) under the aegis of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bianchi%20group
In mathematics, a Bianchi group is a group of the form where d is a positive square-free integer. Here, PSL denotes the projective special linear group and is the ring of integers of the imaginary quadratic field . The groups were first studied by as a natural class of discrete subgroups of , now termed Kleinian gr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%20Statistics%20Authority
The Philippine Statistics Authority (; PSA) is the central statistical authority of the Philippine government that collects, compiles, analyzes and publishes statistical information on economic, social, demographic, political affairs and general affairs of the people of the Philippines and enforces the civil registrati...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary%20alphabet
Binary alphabet may refer to: The members of a binary set in mathematical set theory A 2-element alphabet, in formal language theory ASCII See also Binary numeral system
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevor%20Truran
Trevor Truran (born 1942) is a United Kingdom former mathematics teacher, best known as the creator of many games and puzzles. Truran began making up games as mathematical teaching aids. At one time his entire mathematics course for 9-13 year olds was based on games, puzzles and story situations. Early games were publ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stieltjes%20moment%20problem
In mathematics, the Stieltjes moment problem, named after Thomas Joannes Stieltjes, seeks necessary and sufficient conditions for a sequence (m0, m1, m2, ...) to be of the form for some measure μ. If such a function μ exists, one asks whether it is unique. The essential difference between this and other well-known mo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treasure%20MathStorm%21
Treasure MathStorm! is an educational computer game intended to teach children ages five to nine mathematical problem solving. This sequel to Treasure Mountain! is the sixth installment of The Learning Company's Super Seekers games and the second in its "Treasure" series. The objective of Treasure MathStorm! is to ret...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective%20descriptive%20set%20theory
Effective descriptive set theory is the branch of descriptive set theory dealing with sets of reals having lightface definitions; that is, definitions that do not require an arbitrary real parameter (Moschovakis 1980). Thus effective descriptive set theory combines descriptive set theory with recursion theory. Constru...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean%20squared%20prediction%20error
In statistics the mean squared prediction error (MSPE), also known as mean squared error of the predictions, of a smoothing, curve fitting, or regression procedure is the expected value of the squared prediction errors (PE), the square difference between the fitted values implied by the predictive function and the val...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibered%20manifold
In differential geometry, in the category of differentiable manifolds, a fibered manifold is a surjective submersion that is, a surjective differentiable mapping such that at each point the tangent mapping is surjective, or, equivalently, its rank equals History In topology, the words fiber (Faser in German) and f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjugate-permutable%20subgroup
In mathematics, in the field of group theory, a conjugate-permutable subgroup is a subgroup that commutes with all its conjugate subgroups. The term was introduced by Tuval Foguel in 1997 and arose in the context of the proof that for finite groups, every quasinormal subgroup is a subnormal subgroup. Clearly, every qu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Institute%20of%20Mathematics
The American Institute of Mathematics (AIM) is one of eight mathematical institutes in the United States, funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF). It was founded in 1994 by John Fry, co-founder of Fry's Electronics, and originally located in the Fry's Electronics store in San Jose, California. It was privately ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%89%A1
The symbol ≡ (triple bar) is used in science and mathematics with several different meanings. It may refer to the following: Mathematics Identity (mathematics), identity of two mathematical expressions Logical biconditional, in logic (if and only if) Modular arithmetic, a ≡ b (mod m) Equivalence relation, often d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prediction%20models
Prediction models may refer to: Financial forecast or stock market prediction in finance Free-space path loss in telecommunications Predictive inference in statistics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurwitz%27s%20theorem
Hurwitz's theorem can refer to several theorems named after Adolf Hurwitz: Hurwitz's theorem (complex analysis) Riemann–Hurwitz formula in algebraic geometry Hurwitz's theorem (composition algebras) on quadratic forms and nonassociative algebras Hurwitz's automorphisms theorem on Riemann surfaces Hurwitz's theorem...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-vector
In mathematics and physics, k-vector may refer to: A wave vector k Crystal momentum A multivector of grade k, also called a k-vector, the dual of a differential k-form An element of a k-dimensional vector space, especially a four-vector used in relativity to mean a quantity related to four-dimensional spacetime
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre%20for%20Mathematical%20Sciences%20%28Cambridge%29
The Centre for Mathematical Sciences (CMS) at the University of Cambridge houses the university's Faculty of Mathematics, the Isaac Newton Institute, and the Betty and Gordon Moore Library. It is situated on Wilberforce Road, on a site which was formerly a St John's College playing field, and has been leased by St John...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faculty%20of%20Mathematics%2C%20University%20of%20Cambridge
The Faculty of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge comprises the Department of Pure Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics (DPMMS) and the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics (DAMTP). It is housed in the Centre for Mathematical Sciences site in West Cambridge, alongside the Isaac Newton In...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West%20Yorkshire%20Built-up%20Area
The West Yorkshire Built-up Area, previously known as the West Yorkshire Urban Area is a term used by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) to refer to a conurbation in West Yorkshire, England, based on the cities of Leeds, Bradford and Wakefield, and the large towns of Huddersfield and Halifax. It is the 4th larges...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farnborough/Aldershot%20built-up%20area
Farnborough/Aldershot built-up area and Aldershot Urban Area are names used by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) to refer to a conurbation spanning the borders of Surrey, Berkshire and Hampshire in England. The ONS found a population of 252,937 in 2011 (up 4%, rounded, from the 2001 figure of 243,344 residents)....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imprecise%20probability
Imprecise probability generalizes probability theory to allow for partial probability specifications, and is applicable when information is scarce, vague, or conflicting, in which case a unique probability distribution may be hard to identify. Thereby, the theory aims to represent the available knowledge more accuratel...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double%20descent
In statistics and machine learning, double descent is the phenomenon where a statistical model with a small number of parameters and a model with an extremely large number of parameters have a small error, but a model whose number of parameters is about the same as the number of data points used to train the model will...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Jewish%20American%20mathematicians
This is a list of notable Jewish American mathematicians. For other Jewish Americans, see Lists of Jewish Americans. Abraham Adrian Albert (1905-1972), abstract algebra Kenneth Appel (1932-2013), four-color problem Lipman Bers (1914-1993), non-linear elliptic equations Paul Cohen (1934-2007), set theorist; Field...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Bogomolny
Alexander Bogomolny (January 4, 1948 July 7, 2018) was a Soviet-born Israeli-American mathematician. He was Professor Emeritus of Mathematics at the University of Iowa, and formerly research fellow at the Moscow Institute of Electronics and Mathematics, senior instructor at Hebrew University and software consultant at ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abel%27s%20identity
In mathematics, Abel's identity (also called Abel's formula or Abel's differential equation identity) is an equation that expresses the Wronskian of two solutions of a homogeneous second-order linear ordinary differential equation in terms of a coefficient of the original differential equation. The relation can be gene...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indecomposable%20continuum
In point-set topology, an indecomposable continuum is a continuum that is indecomposable, i.e. that cannot be expressed as the union of any two of its proper subcontinua. In 1910, L. E. J. Brouwer was the first to describe an indecomposable continuum. Indecomposable continua have been used by topologists as a source ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate%20cancer%20staging
Prostate cancer staging is the process by which physicians categorize the risk of cancer having spread beyond the prostate, or equivalently, the probability of being cured with local therapies such as surgery or radiation. Once patients are placed in prognostic categories, this information can contribute to the selecti...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random%20variate
In probability and statistics, a random variate or simply variate is a particular outcome of a random variable; the random variates which are other outcomes of the same random variable might have different values (random numbers). A random deviate or simply deviate is the difference of a random variate with respect to...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattice%20constant
A lattice constant or lattice parameter is one of the physical dimensions and angles that determine the geometry of the unit cells in a crystal lattice, and is proportional to the distance between atoms in the crystal. A simple cubic crystal has only one lattice constant, the distance between atoms, but in general latt...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALTRAN
ALTRAN (ALgebraic TRANslator) is a programming language for the formal manipulation of rational functions of several variables with integer coefficients. It was developed at Bell Labs in 1960s. ALTRAN is a FORTRAN version of ALPAK rational algebra package, and “can be thought of as a variant of FORTRAN with the additio...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measure%20%28data%20warehouse%29
In a data warehouse, a measure is a property on which calculations (e.g., sum, count, average, minimum, maximum) can be made. A measure can either be categorical, algebraic or holistic. Example For example, if a retail store sold a specific product, the quantity and prices of each item sold could be added or averaged ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20Mathematical%20Olympiad
The British Mathematical Olympiad (BMO) forms part of the selection process for the UK International Mathematical Olympiad team and for other international maths competitions, including the European Girls' Mathematical Olympiad, the Romanian Master of Mathematics and Sciences, and the Balkan Mathematical Olympiad. It i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-arc
In general topology, the pseudo-arc is the simplest nondegenerate hereditarily indecomposable continuum. The pseudo-arc is an arc-like homogeneous continuum, and played a central role in the classification of homogeneous planar continua. R. H. Bing proved that, in a certain well-defined sense, most continua in Rn, n ≥...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayyous
Jayyus () is a Palestinian village near the west border of the West Bank, close to Qalqilya. It is a farming community. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the village had a population of 3,478 inhabitants in 2017. Location Jayyus (including Khirbet Sir) is located - northeast of Qalqiliya. It ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9pin%27s%20test
In mathematics, Pépin's test is a primality test, which can be used to determine whether a Fermat number is prime. It is a variant of Proth's test. The test is named for a French mathematician, Théophile Pépin. Description of the test Let be the nth Fermat number. Pépin's test states that for n > 0, is prime if and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex%20modulus
Complex modulus may refer to: Modulus of complex number, in mathematics, the norm or absolute value, of a complex number: Dynamic modulus, in materials engineering, the ratio of stress to strain under vibratory conditions
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagjit%20Singh%20%28writer%29
Jagjit Singh (1912–2002) was an Indian writer and science popularizer. In college he excelled in mathematics courses, receiving his MA in Mathematics from the Government College, Lahore. Yet he made his career as an important director of India's railways, applying his mathematical skills there. Upon retirement, he se...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20Genome%20Project
The Music Genome Project is an effort to "capture the essence of music at the most fundamental level" using various attributes to describe songs and mathematics to connect them together into an interactive map. The Music Genome Project covers five music genres: Pop/Rock, Hip-Hop/Electronica, Jazz, World Music, and Clas...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool%20Built-up%20Area
The Liverpool Built-up Area (previously Liverpool Urban Area in 2001 and prior) is a term used by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) to denote the urban area around Liverpool in England, to the east of the River Mersey. The contiguous built-up area extends beyond the area administered by Liverpool City Council in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading%20built-up%20area
The Reading Built-up Area or Reading/Wokingham Urban Area is a name given by the Office for National Statistics to a conurbation in Berkshire, England, with a population of 318,014. This was a significant decrease from the population according to the 2001 census of 369,804 due to Bracknell no longer being considered pa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition%20problem
In number theory and computer science, the partition problem, or number partitioning, is the task of deciding whether a given multiset S of positive integers can be partitioned into two subsets S1 and S2 such that the sum of the numbers in S1 equals the sum of the numbers in S2. Although the partition problem is NP-com...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpenter%27s%20rule%20problem
The carpenter's rule problem is a discrete geometry problem, which can be stated in the following manner: Can a simple planar polygon be moved continuously to a position where all its vertices are in convex position, so that the edge lengths and simplicity are preserved along the way? A closely related problem is to sh...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20computer%20science
The history of computer science began long before the modern discipline of computer science, usually appearing in forms like mathematics or physics. Developments in previous centuries alluded to the discipline that we now know as computer science. This progression, from mechanical inventions and mathematical theories t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade%20in%20services%20statistics
Trade in services statistics are economic statistics which detail international trade in services. They received a great deal of focus at the advent of services negotiations which took place under the Uruguay Round, which became part of the General Agreement on Trade in Services, one of the four principal pillars of t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign%20affiliate%20trade%20statistics
Foreign affiliate trade statistics (FATS), also known as transnational corporation (TNC) data details the economic operations of foreign direct investment-based enterprises. Collection of such information, and aggregation at the national level, can provide economists and policymakers with insight as to the relations...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padovan%20cuboid%20spiral
In mathematics the Padovan cuboid spiral is the spiral created by joining the diagonals of faces of successive cuboids added to a unit cube. The cuboids are added sequentially so that the resulting cuboid has dimensions that are successive Padovan numbers. The first cuboid is 1x1x1. The second is formed by adding to t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osculate
In mathematics, osculate, meaning to touch (from the Latin osculum meaning kiss), may refer to: osculant, an invariant of hypersurfaces osculating circle osculating curve osculating plane osculating orbit osculating sphere The obsolete Quinarian system of biological classification attempted to group creatures into ci...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line%E2%80%93plane%20intersection
In analytic geometry, the intersection of a line and a plane in three-dimensional space can be the empty set, a point, or a line. It is the entire line if that line is embedded in the plane, and is the empty set if the line is parallel to the plane but outside it. Otherwise, the line cuts through the plane at a single ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composant
In point-set topology, the composant of a point p in a continuum A is the union of all proper subcontinua of A that contain p. If a continuum is indecomposable, then its composants are pairwise disjoint. The composants of a continuum are dense in that continuum. References Continuum theory
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrange%27s%20theorem
In mathematics, Lagrange's theorem usually refers to any of the following theorems, attributed to Joseph Louis Lagrange: Lagrange's theorem (group theory) Lagrange's theorem (number theory) Lagrange's four-square theorem, which states that every positive integer can be expressed as the sum of four squares of intege...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrange%27s%20theorem%20%28number%20theory%29
In number theory, Lagrange's theorem is a statement named after Joseph-Louis Lagrange about how frequently a polynomial over the integers may evaluate to a multiple of a fixed prime. More precisely, it states that if p is a prime number, , and is a polynomial with integer coefficients, then either: every coefficient ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit%20measure
Unit measure is an axiom of probability theory that states that the probability of the entire sample space is equal to one (unity); that is, P(S)=1 where S is the sample space. Loosely speaking, it means that S must be chosen so that when the experiment is performed, something happens. The term measure here refers to t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byrchall%20High%20School
Byrchall High School is a secondary school and specialist mathematics and computing school with academy status, in the Ashton-in-Makerfield area of the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, Greater Manchester. Admissions It has a mixed intake of both boys and girls aged 11–16. The current pupil population is approximately 1,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noncentral%20t-distribution
The noncentral t-distribution generalizes Student's t-distribution using a noncentrality parameter. Whereas the central probability distribution describes how a test statistic t is distributed when the difference tested is null, the noncentral distribution describes how t is distributed when the null is false. This le...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Ackerley
Paul Douglas Ackerley (16 May 1949 – 3 May 2011) was a field hockey player, maths teacher and public servant from New Zealand. He played field hockey at right half. He was a member of the national team that won the gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal. He was selected for the 1980 Summer Olympics, but m...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rough%20fuzzy%20hybridization
Rough fuzzy hybridization is a method of hybrid intelligent system or soft computing, where Fuzzy set theory is used for linguistic representation of patterns, leading to a fuzzy granulation of the feature space. Rough set theory is used to obtain dependency rules which model informative regions in the granulated featu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikko%20Patrelakis
Nikos "Nikko" Patrelakis was born in Athens, Greece. He studied music in the National Conservatory and mathematics in the University of Athens. He releases albums, singles and compilations around the world under the electronica – idm genre through his label Smallhouse Records. He has composed and produced music for f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nijenhuis%E2%80%93Richardson%20bracket
In mathematics, the algebraic bracket or Nijenhuis–Richardson bracket is a graded Lie algebra structure on the space of alternating multilinear forms of a vector space to itself, introduced by A. Nijenhuis and R. W. Richardson, Jr (1966, 1967). It is related to but not the same as the Frölicher–Nijenhuis bracket and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%B6licher%E2%80%93Nijenhuis%20bracket
In mathematics, the Frölicher–Nijenhuis bracket is an extension of the Lie bracket of vector fields to vector-valued differential forms on a differentiable manifold. It is useful in the study of connections, notably the Ehresmann connection, as well as in the more general study of projections in the tangent bundle. It...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex%20Mineiro
Alexander Pereira Cardoso (born March 15, 1975), most commonly known as Alex Mineiro, is a former Brazilian football striker. Club statistics Honours Club Cruzeiro Copa Libertadores: 1997 Minas Gerais State Championship: 1997 Atlético Paranaense Brazilian Série A: 2001 Paraná State Championship: 2001, 2005 Palmeir...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defined%20daily%20dose
The defined daily dose (DDD) is a statistical measure of drug consumption, defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology. It is defined in combination with the ATC Code drug classification system for grouping related drugs. The DDD enables comparison of drug usage ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morita%20equivalence
In abstract algebra, Morita equivalence is a relationship defined between rings that preserves many ring-theoretic properties. More precisely two rings like R, S are Morita equivalent (denoted by ) if their categories of modules are additively equivalent (denoted by ). It is named after Japanese mathematician Kiiti Mor...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-sectional%20data
In statistics and econometrics, cross-sectional data is a type of data collected by observing many subjects (such as individuals, firms, countries, or regions) at a single point or period of time. Analysis of cross-sectional data usually consists of comparing the differences among selected subjects, typically with no r...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-compact%20group
In mathematics, in particular algebraic topology, a p-compact group is a homotopical version of a compact Lie group, but with all the local structure concentrated at a single prime p. This concept was introduced in , making precise earlier notions of a mod p finite loop space. A p-compact group has many Lie-like proper...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora%20of%20India
The flora of India is one of the richest in the world due to the wide range of climate, topology and habitat in the country. There are estimated to be over 18,000 species of flowering plants in India, which constitute some 6-7 percent of the total plant species in the world. India is home to more than 50,000 species o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transversality%20%28mathematics%29
In mathematics, transversality is a notion that describes how spaces can intersect; transversality can be seen as the "opposite" of tangency, and plays a role in general position. It formalizes the idea of a generic intersection in differential topology. It is defined by considering the linearizations of the intersecti...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreotti%E2%80%93Frankel%20theorem
In mathematics, the Andreotti–Frankel theorem, introduced by , states that if is a smooth, complex affine variety of complex dimension or, more generally, if is any Stein manifold of dimension , then admits a Morse function with critical points of index at most n, and so is homotopy equivalent to a CW complex of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weighing%20matrix
In mathematics, a weighing matrix of order and weight is a matrix with entries from the set such that: Where is the transpose of and is the identity matrix of order . The weight is also called the degree of the matrix. For convenience, a weighing matrix of order and weight is often denoted by . Weighing mat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trev%20Faulk
Treverance Donta Faulk (born August 6, 1981) is a former NFL American football linebacker. College career Faulk attended Louisiana State University (LSU). Statistics Professional career Denver Broncos Faulk signed with the Broncos as an undrafted rookie free agent on April 29, 2002. He appeared in the week 1 pres...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics%20in%20the%20medieval%20Islamic%20world
Mathematics during the Golden Age of Islam, especially during the 9th and 10th centuries, was built on Greek mathematics (Euclid, Archimedes, Apollonius) and Indian mathematics (Aryabhata, Brahmagupta). Important progress was made, such as full development of the decimal place-value system to include decimal fractions,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McNemar%27s%20test
In statistics, McNemar's test is a statistical test used on paired nominal data. It is applied to 2 × 2 contingency tables with a dichotomous trait, with matched pairs of subjects, to determine whether the row and column marginal frequencies are equal (that is, whether there is "marginal homogeneity"). It is named afte...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramid%20%28geometry%29
In geometry, a pyramid () is a polyhedron formed by connecting a polygonal base and a point, called the apex. Each base edge and apex form a triangle, called a lateral face. It is a conic solid with polygonal base. A pyramid with an base has vertices, faces, and edges. All pyramids are self-dual. Terminology A ri...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simson%20line
In geometry, given a triangle and a point on its circumcircle, the three closest points to on lines , , and are collinear. The line through these points is the Simson line of , named for Robert Simson. The concept was first published, however, by William Wallace in 1799, and is sometimes called the Wallace line. T...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lars%20Peter%20Hansen
Lars Peter Hansen (born 26 October 1952 in Urbana, Illinois) is an American economist. He is the David Rockefeller Distinguished Service Professor in Economics, Statistics, and the Booth School of Business, at the University of Chicago and a 2013 recipient of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. Hansen is best known...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle-valued%20Morse%20theory
In mathematics, circle-valued Morse theory studies the topology of a smooth manifold by analyzing the critical points of smooth maps from the manifold to the circle, in the framework of Morse homology. It is an important special case of Sergei Novikov's Morse theory of closed one-forms. Michael Hutchings and Yi-Jen L...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuation%20map
In differential topology, given a family of Morse-Smale functions on a smooth manifold X parameterized by a closed interval I, one can construct a Morse-Smale vector field on X × I whose critical points occur only on the boundary. The Morse differential defines a chain map from the Morse complexes at the boundaries of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorean%20means
In mathematics, the three classical Pythagorean means are the arithmetic mean (AM), the geometric mean (GM), and the harmonic mean (HM). These means were studied with proportions by Pythagoreans and later generations of Greek mathematicians because of their importance in geometry and music. Definition They are defined...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20cohomology%20theories
This is a list of some of the ordinary and generalized (or extraordinary) homology and cohomology theories in algebraic topology that are defined on the categories of CW complexes or spectra. For other sorts of homology theories see the links at the end of this article. Notation S = π = S0 is the sphere spectrum. Sn...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rank%20correlation
In statistics, a rank correlation is any of several statistics that measure an ordinal association—the relationship between rankings of different ordinal variables or different rankings of the same variable, where a "ranking" is the assignment of the ordering labels "first", "second", "third", etc. to different observa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowbottom%20cardinal
In set theory, a Rowbottom cardinal, introduced by , is a certain kind of large cardinal number. An uncountable cardinal number is said to be - Rowbottom if for every function f: [κ]<ω → λ (where λ < κ) there is a set H of order type that is quasi-homogeneous for f, i.e., for every n, the f-image of the set of n-el...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3nsson%20cardinal
In set theory, a Jónsson cardinal (named after Bjarni Jónsson) is a certain kind of large cardinal number. An uncountable cardinal number κ is said to be Jónsson if for every function there is a set of order type such that for each , restricted to -element subsets of omits at least one value in . Every Rowbottom...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor%20Pak
Igor Pak () (born 1971, Moscow, Soviet Union) is a professor of mathematics at the University of California, Los Angeles, working in combinatorics and discrete probability. He formerly taught at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of Minnesota, and he is best known for his bijective proof of t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemoine%20hexagon
In geometry, the Lemoine hexagon is a cyclic hexagon with vertices given by the six intersections of the edges of a triangle and the three lines that are parallel to the edges that pass through its symmedian point. There are two definitions of the hexagon that differ based on the order in which the vertices are connect...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham%20Adrian%20Albert
Abraham Adrian Albert (November 9, 1905 – June 6, 1972) was an American mathematician. In 1939, he received the American Mathematical Society's Cole Prize in Algebra for his work on Riemann matrices. He is best known for his work on the Albert–Brauer–Hasse–Noether theorem on finite-dimensional division algebras over ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concept%20class
In computational learning theory in mathematics, a concept over a domain X is a total Boolean function over X. A concept class is a class of concepts. Concept classes are a subject of computational learning theory. Concept class terminology frequently appears in model theory associated with probably approximately corr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bondy%27s%20theorem
In mathematics, Bondy's theorem is a bound on the number of elements needed to distinguish the sets in a family of sets from each other. It belongs to the field of combinatorics, and is named after John Adrian Bondy, who published it in 1972. Statement The theorem is as follows: Let X be a set with n elements and let...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumner%20Byron%20Myers
Sumner Byron Myers (February 19, 1910 – October 8, 1955) was an American mathematician specializing in topology and differential geometry. He studied at Harvard University under H. C. Marston Morse, where he graduated with a Ph.D. in 1932. Myers then pursued postdoctoral studies at Princeton University (1934–1936) befo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant%20basis%20number
In mathematics, more specifically in the field of ring theory, a ring has the invariant basis number (IBN) property if all finitely generated free left modules over R have a well-defined rank. In the case of fields, the IBN property becomes the statement that finite-dimensional vector spaces have a unique dimension. D...