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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collapse
Collapse or its variants may refer to: Concepts Collapse (structural) Collapse (topology), a mathematical concept Collapsing manifold Collapse, the action of collapsing or telescoping objects Collapsing user interface elements Accordion (GUI) -- collapsing list items Code folding -- collapsing subsections of p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin%287%29-manifold
In mathematics, a Spin(7)-manifold is an eight-dimensional Riemannian manifold whose holonomy group is contained in Spin(7). Spin(7)-manifolds are Ricci-flat and admit a parallel spinor. They also admit a parallel 4-form, known as the Cayley form, which is a calibrating form for a special class of submanifolds called C...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew%20Foreman
Matthew Dean Foreman is an American mathematician at University of California, Irvine. He has made notable contributions in set theory and in ergodic theory. Biography Born in Los Alamos, New Mexico, Foreman earned his Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley in 1980 under Robert M. Solovay. His dissertatio...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer%20lattice
In mathematics, the -dimensional integer lattice (or cubic lattice), denoted , is the lattice in the Euclidean space whose lattice points are -tuples of integers. The two-dimensional integer lattice is also called the square lattice, or grid lattice. is the simplest example of a root lattice. The integer lattice is a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/186%20%28number%29
186 (one hundred [and] eighty-six) is the natural number following 185 and preceding 187. In mathematics There is no integer with exactly 186 coprimes less than it, so 186 is a nontotient. It is also never the difference between an integer and the total of coprimes below it, so it is a noncototient. There are 186 dif...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangent%20%28disambiguation%29
A tangent, in geometry, is a straight line through a point on a curve that has the same direction at that point as the curve. Tangent may also refer to: Mathematics Analogous concepts for surfaces and higher-dimensional smooth manifolds, such as the tangent space More generally, in geometry, two curves are said to b...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler%27s%20theorem%20in%20geometry
In geometry, Euler's theorem states that the distance d between the circumcenter and incenter of a triangle is given by or equivalently where and denote the circumradius and inradius respectively (the radii of the circumscribed circle and inscribed circle respectively). The theorem is named for Leonhard Euler, who...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial%20triangle
In Euclidean geometry, the medial triangle or midpoint triangle of a triangle is the triangle with vertices at the midpoints of the triangle's sides . It is the case of the midpoint polygon of a polygon with sides. The medial triangle is not the same thing as the median triangle, which is the triangle whose sides h...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed
Mixed is the past tense of mix. Mixed may refer to: Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category), an ethnicity category that has been used by the United Kingdom's Office for National Statistics since the 2001 Census Music Mixed (album), a compilation album of two avant-garde jazz sessions featuring performances by t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive%20and%20negative%20parts
In mathematics, the positive part of a real or extended real-valued function is defined by the formula Intuitively, the graph of is obtained by taking the graph of , chopping off the part under the x-axis, and letting take the value zero there. Similarly, the negative part of f is defined as Note that both f+ and...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network%20calculus
Network calculus is "a set of mathematical results which give insights into man-made systems such as concurrent programs, digital circuits and communication networks." Network calculus gives a theoretical framework for analysing performance guarantees in computer networks. As traffic flows through a network it is subje...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polignac%27s%20conjecture
In number theory, Polignac's conjecture was made by Alphonse de Polignac in 1849 and states: For any positive even number n, there are infinitely many prime gaps of size n. In other words: There are infinitely many cases of two consecutive prime numbers with difference n. Although the conjecture has not yet been prove...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef%20Beck
József Beck (Budapest, Hungary, February 14, 1952) is a Harold H. Martin Professor of Mathematics at Rutgers University. His contributions to combinatorics include the partial colouring lemma and the Beck–Fiala theorem in discrepancy theory, the algorithmic version of the Lovász local lemma, the two extremes theorem i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiener%E2%80%93Khinchin%20theorem
In applied mathematics, the Wiener–Khinchin theorem or Wiener–Khintchine theorem, also known as the Wiener–Khinchin–Einstein theorem or the Khinchin–Kolmogorov theorem, states that the autocorrelation function of a wide-sense-stationary random process has a spectral decomposition given by the power spectral density of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersingular%20variety
In mathematics, a supersingular variety is (usually) a smooth projective variety in nonzero characteristic such that for all n the slopes of the Newton polygon of the nth crystalline cohomology are all n/2 . For special classes of varieties such as elliptic curves it is common to use various ad hoc definitions of "supe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelet%20transform
In mathematics, a wavelet series is a representation of a square-integrable (real- or complex-valued) function by a certain orthonormal series generated by a wavelet. This article provides a formal, mathematical definition of an orthonormal wavelet and of the integral wavelet transform. Definition A function is calle...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerala%20school
Kerala school may refer to: Kerala School Kalolsavam, an annual art competition for students in Kerala Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics, in Kerala between the 14th and 16th centuries CE Kerala School of Mathematics, Kozhikode, in Kunnamangalam near Kozhikode City
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual%20wavelet
In mathematics, a dual wavelet is the dual to a wavelet. In general, the wavelet series generated by a square-integrable function will have a dual series, in the sense of the Riesz representation theorem. However, the dual series is not itself in general representable by a square-integrable function. Definition Given ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced%20statistics%20in%20basketball
Advanced statistics (also known as analytics or APBRmetrics) in basketball refers to the analysis of basketball statistics using objective evidence. APBRmetrics takes its name from the acronym APBR, which stands for the Association for Professional Basketball Research. According to The Sporting News, the APBRmetrics m...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Andrews%20%28mathematician%29
George Eyre Andrews (born December 4, 1938) is an American mathematician working in special functions, number theory, analysis and combinatorics. Education and career He is currently an Evan Pugh Professor of Mathematics at Pennsylvania State University. He did his undergraduate studies at Oregon State University and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban%20unit
In France, an urban unit (fr: "unité urbaine") is a statistical area defined by INSEE, the French national statistics office, for the measurement of contiguously built-up areas. According to the INSEE definition , an "unité urbaine" is a commune alone or a grouping of communes which: a) form a single unbroken spread of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilpotent%20Lie%20algebra
In mathematics, a Lie algebra is nilpotent if its lower central series terminates in the zero subalgebra. The lower central series is the sequence of subalgebras We write , and for all . If the lower central series eventually arrives at the zero subalgebra, then the Lie algebra is called nilpotent. The lower central...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savilian%20Professor%20of%20Astronomy
The position of Savilian Professor of Astronomy was established at the University of Oxford in 1619. It was founded (at the same time as the Savilian Professorship of Geometry) by Sir Henry Savile, a mathematician and classical scholar who was Warden of Merton College, Oxford, and Provost of Eton College. He appointed...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonlinear%20control
Nonlinear control theory is the area of control theory which deals with systems that are nonlinear, time-variant, or both. Control theory is an interdisciplinary branch of engineering and mathematics that is concerned with the behavior of dynamical systems with inputs, and how to modify the output by changes in the in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiu-Yuen%20Cheng
Shiu-Yuen Cheng (鄭紹遠) is a Hong Kong mathematician. He is currently the Chair Professor of Mathematics at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Cheng received his Ph.D. in 1974, under the supervision of Shiing-Shen Chern, from University of California at Berkeley. Cheng then spent some years as a post-doc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrowski%27s%20theorem
In number theory, Ostrowski's theorem, due to Alexander Ostrowski (1916), states that every non-trivial absolute value on the rational numbers is equivalent to either the usual real absolute value or a -adic absolute value. Definitions Two absolute values and on the rationals are defined to be equivalent if they i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics%20Denmark
Statistics Denmark () is a Danish governmental organization under the Ministry of the Interior and Housing, reporting to the Minister of Economic and Internal Affairs. The organization is responsible for creating statistics on the Danish society, including employment statistics, trade balance, and demographics. Statis...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irregular%20matrix
An irregular matrix, or ragged matrix, is a matrix that has a different number of elements in each row. Ragged matrices are not used in linear algebra, since standard matrix transformations cannot be performed on them, but they are useful in computing as arrays which are called jagged arrays. Irregular matrices are typ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore%20method
The Moore method is a deductive manner of instruction used in advanced mathematics courses. It is named after Robert Lee Moore, a famous topologist who first used a stronger version of the method at the University of Pennsylvania when he began teaching there in 1911. (Zitarelli, 2004) The way the course is conducted v...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak%20formulation
Weak formulations are important tools for the analysis of mathematical equations that permit the transfer of concepts of linear algebra to solve problems in other fields such as partial differential equations. In a weak formulation, equations or conditions are no longer required to hold absolutely (and this is not even...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleanor%20Roosevelt%20High%20School%20%28Maryland%29
Eleanor Roosevelt High School (ERHS) is a Maryland public magnet high school specializing in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. The school was established in 1976 at its current location in Greenbelt, Maryland, United States and is part of the Prince George's County Public Schools system. It was the fir...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson%20network
In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, a Jackson network (sometimes Jacksonian network) is a class of queueing network where the equilibrium distribution is particularly simple to compute as the network has a product-form solution. It was the first significant development in the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chien%20search
In abstract algebra, the Chien search, named after Robert Tienwen Chien, is a fast algorithm for determining roots of polynomials defined over a finite field. Chien search is commonly used to find the roots of error-locator polynomials encountered in decoding Reed-Solomon codes and BCH codes. Algorithm The problem is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan%20measure
In mathematics, the Peano–Jordan measure (also known as the Jordan content) is an extension of the notion of size (length, area, volume) to shapes more complicated than, for example, a triangle, disk, or parallelepiped. It turns out that for a set to have Jordan measure it should be well-behaved in a certain restrict...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion%20in%20Egypt
Religion in Egypt controls many aspects of social life and is endorsed by law. The state religion of Egypt is Islam, although estimates vary greatly in the absence of official statistics. Since the 2006 census religion has been excluded, and thus available statistics are estimates made by religious and non-governmental...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resolvent%20formalism
In mathematics, the resolvent formalism is a technique for applying concepts from complex analysis to the study of the spectrum of operators on Banach spaces and more general spaces. Formal justification for the manipulations can be found in the framework of holomorphic functional calculus. The resolvent captures the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone%27s%20theorem
Stone's theorem may refer to a number of theorems of Marshall Stone: Stone's representation theorem for Boolean algebras Stone–Weierstrass theorem Stone–von Neumann theorem Stone's theorem on one-parameter unitary groups It may also refer to the theorem of A. H. Stone that for Hausdorff spaces the property of bei...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Vandiver
Harry Schultz Vandiver (21 October 1882 – 9 January 1973) was an American mathematician, known for work in number theory. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to John Lyon and Ida Frances (Everett) Vandiver. He did not complete a formal education, choosing instead to leave school at an early age to work for his ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontorovich%E2%80%93Lebedev%20transform
In mathematics, the Kontorovich–Lebedev transform is an integral transform which uses a Macdonald function (modified Bessel function of the second kind) with imaginary index as its kernel. Unlike other Bessel function transforms, such as the Hankel transform, this transform involves integrating over the index of the fu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Football%20League%20win%E2%80%93loss%20records
See also American Football League Sources American football records and statistics American Football League
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20F.%20Carrier
George Francis Carrier (May 4, 1918 – March 8, 2002) was an engineer and physicist, and the T. Jefferson Coolidge Professor of Applied Mathematics Emeritus of Harvard University. He was particularly noted for his ability to intuitively model a physical system and then deduce an analytical solution. He worked especially...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrier%20function
In constrained optimization, a field of mathematics, a barrier function is a continuous function whose value on a point increases to infinity as the point approaches the boundary of the feasible region of an optimization problem. Such functions are used to replace inequality constraints by a penalizing term in the obj...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete-time%20Markov%20chain
In probability, a discrete-time Markov chain (DTMC) is a sequence of random variables, known as a stochastic process, in which the value of the next variable depends only on the value of the current variable, and not any variables in the past. For instance, a machine may have two states, A and E. When it is in state A,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular%20measure
In mathematics, a regular measure on a topological space is a measure for which every measurable set can be approximated from above by open measurable sets and from below by compact measurable sets. Definition Let (X, T) be a topological space and let Σ be a σ-algebra on X. Let μ be a measure on (X, Σ). A measurabl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endeavour%20College
Endeavour College is a Lutheran high school in Mawson Lakes, a northern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. Subjects taught include Art & Design, Drama, Music, English, German, Japanese, Mathematics, Physical Education, History, Business Studies, Science (Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Psychology), Material Technology, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joukowsky%20transform
In applied mathematics, the Joukowsky transform (sometimes transliterated Joukovsky, Joukowski or Zhukovsky) is a conformal map historically used to understand some principles of airfoil design. It is named after Nikolai Zhukovsky, who published it in 1910. The transform is where is a complex variable in the new ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Envelope%20theorem
In mathematics and economics, the envelope theorem is a major result about the differentiability properties of the value function of a parameterized optimization problem. As we change parameters of the objective, the envelope theorem shows that, in a certain sense, changes in the optimizer of the objective do not contr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale%20analysis%20%28mathematics%29
Scale analysis (or order-of-magnitude analysis) is a powerful tool used in the mathematical sciences for the simplification of equations with many terms. First the approximate magnitude of individual terms in the equations is determined. Then some negligibly small terms may be ignored. Example: vertical momentum in sy...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic%20connectivity
The algebraic connectivity (also known as Fiedler value or Fiedler eigenvalue after Miroslav Fiedler) of a graph G is the second-smallest eigenvalue (counting multiple eigenvalues separately) of the Laplacian matrix of G. This eigenvalue is greater than 0 if and only if G is a connected graph. This is a corollary to th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bil%27in
Bil'in () is a Palestinian village located in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate, west of the city of Ramallah in the central West Bank. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, Bil'in had a population of 2,137 in 2017. In the 2000s, it was known for its regular protests against Israeli occupatio...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SBJ
SBJ may refer to: Statistics Bureau of Japan Stourbridge Junction railway station
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Football%20League%20records
National Football League records are the superlative statistics of the National Football League. NFL records include: List of National Football League records (individual), a list of all-time records for individual NFL players List of National Football League records (team), a list of all-time records for teams and f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nef%20line%20bundle
In algebraic geometry, a line bundle on a projective variety is nef if it has nonnegative degree on every curve in the variety. The classes of nef line bundles are described by a convex cone, and the possible contractions of the variety correspond to certain faces of the nef cone. In view of the correspondence between ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rng%20%28algebra%29
In mathematics, and more specifically in abstract algebra, a rng (or non-unital ring or pseudo-ring) is an algebraic structure satisfying the same properties as a ring, but without assuming the existence of a multiplicative identity. The term rng (IPA: ) is meant to suggest that it is a ring without i, that is, without...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corresponding%20sides%20and%20corresponding%20angles
In geometry, the tests for congruence and similarity involve comparing corresponding sides and corresponding angles of polygons. In these tests, each side and each angle in one polygon is paired with a side or angle in the second polygon, taking care to preserve the order of adjacency. For example, if one polygon has ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woolmer%20Green
Woolmer Green is a small village and civil parish in Hertfordshire, England. The 2011 census figure for the population (from the Office for National Statistics) is 661 people. History Situated between the villages of Welwyn and Knebworth, Woolmer Green was first settled in the Iron Age. The Belgae colonised the area i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical%20program
The term mathematical program can refer to: A computer algebra system which is a computer program that manipulates mathematical entities symbolically Computer programs that manipulate numerical entities numerically, which are the subject of numerical analysis A problem formulation of an optimization problem in terms...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credible%20interval
In Bayesian statistics, a credible interval is an interval within which an unobserved parameter value falls with a particular probability. It is an interval in the domain of a posterior probability distribution or a predictive distribution. The generalisation to multivariate problems is the credible region. Credible ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Statistician
The National Statistician is the Chief Executive of the UK Statistics Authority, and the Head of the UK Government Statistical Service. The office was created by the Statistics and Registration Service Act 2007. The UK Statistics Authority announced that Sir Ian Diamond would take over as National Statistician in Octob...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%E2%80%93Lee%20model
In financial mathematics, the Ho-Lee model is a short-rate model widely used in the pricing of bond options, swaptions and other interest rate derivatives, and in modeling future interest rates. It was developed in 1986 by Thomas Ho and Sang Bin Lee. Under this model, the short rate follows a normal process: The mode...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sassan%20Sanei
Sassan Sanei (born January 7, 1973) is a Canadian engineer. An intense fascination with mathematics, physics, and computing from an early age led him eventually to attend the University of Waterloo, where he received the Bachelor of Applied Science degree with first-class honours in Electrical Engineering and the Bach...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ten-year%20occupational%20employment%20projections
The ten-year occupational employment projection is a projection produced by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics' Office of Occupational Statistics and Employment Projections. The occupational employment projections, along with other information about occupations, are published in the Occupational Outlook Handbook and th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tietze%20transformations
In group theory, Tietze transformations are used to transform a given presentation of a group into another, often simpler presentation of the same group. These transformations are named after Heinrich Franz Friedrich Tietze who introduced them in a paper in 1908. A presentation is in terms of generators and relations...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conformal%20gravity
Conformal gravity refers to gravity theories that are invariant under conformal transformations in the Riemannian geometry sense; more accurately, they are invariant under Weyl transformations where is the metric tensor and is a function on spacetime. Weyl-squared theories The simplest theory in this category has t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affine%20hull
In mathematics, the affine hull or affine span of a set S in Euclidean space Rn is the smallest affine set containing S, or equivalently, the intersection of all affine sets containing S. Here, an affine set may be defined as the translation of a vector subspace. The affine hull aff(S) of S is the set of all affine c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumulative%20density%20function
Cumulative density function is a self-contradictory phrase resulting from confusion between: probability density function, and cumulative distribution function. The two words cumulative and density contradict each other. The value of a density function in an interval about a point depends only on probabities of set...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molien%27s%20formula
In mathematics, Molien's formula computes the generating function attached to a linear representation of a group G on a finite-dimensional vector space, that counts the homogeneous polynomials of a given total degree that are invariants for G. It is named for Theodor Molien. Precisely, it says: given a finite-dimensio...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalised%20hyperbolic%20distribution
The generalised hyperbolic distribution (GH) is a continuous probability distribution defined as the normal variance-mean mixture where the mixing distribution is the generalized inverse Gaussian distribution (GIG). Its probability density function (see the box) is given in terms of modified Bessel function of the seco...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann%20Georg%20Sulzer
Johann Georg Sulzer (; 16 October 1720 in Winterthur – 27 February 1779 in Berlin) was a Swiss professor of Mathematics, who later on moved on to the field of electricity. He was a Wolffian philosopher and director of the philosophical section of the Berlin Academy of Sciences, and translator of David Hume's An Enquiry...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanoil%20Bacaloglu
Emanoil Bacaloglu (; – 30 August 1891) was a Wallachian and Romanian mathematician, physicist and chemist. Born in Bucharest and of Greek origin, he studied physics and mathematics in Paris and Leipzig, later becoming a professor at the University of Bucharest and, in 1879, a member of the Romanian Academy. Considere...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion%20Barbu
Ion Barbu (, pen name of Dan Barbilian; 18 March 1895 –11 August 1961) was a Romanian mathematician and poet. His name is associated with the Mathematics Subject Classification number 51C05, which is a major posthumous recognition reserved only to pioneers of investigations in an area of mathematical inquiry. Early li...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oded%20Goldreich
Oded Goldreich (; b. 1957) is a professor of computer science at the faculty of mathematics and computer science of the Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel. His research interests lie within the theory of computation and are, specifically, the interplay of randomness and computation, the foundations of cryptography, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduction%20of%20order
Reduction of order (or d’Alembert reduction) is a technique in mathematics for solving second-order linear ordinary differential equations. It is employed when one solution is known and a second linearly independent solution is desired. The method also applies to n-th order equations. In this case the ansatz will yi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ado%27s%20theorem
In abstract algebra, Ado's theorem is a theorem characterizing finite-dimensional Lie algebras. Statement Ado's theorem states that every finite-dimensional Lie algebra L over a field K of characteristic zero can be viewed as a Lie algebra of square matrices under the commutator bracket. More precisely, the theorem s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Treatise%20on%20the%20Binomial%20Theorem
A Treatise on the Binomial Theorem is a fictional work of mathematics by the young Professor James Moriarty, the criminal mastermind and archenemy of the detective Sherlock Holmes in the fiction of Arthur Conan Doyle. The actual title of the treatise is never given in the stories; Holmes simply refers to "a treatise up...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density%20on%20a%20manifold
In mathematics, and specifically differential geometry, a density is a spatially varying quantity on a differentiable manifold that can be integrated in an intrinsic manner. Abstractly, a density is a section of a certain line bundle, called the density bundle. An element of the density bundle at x is a function that ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillclimbing%20%28disambiguation%29
Hillclimbing is a motorsport Hillclimbing may also refer to: Hillclimbing (cycling) Hillclimbing (railway) Hill climbing, an optimization algorithm in mathematics See also Hillwalking Mountaineering Hilcrhyme, a Japanese hip-hop duo Newport Antique Auto Hill Climb, a racing event in Newport, Indiana Hill Climb Racin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculus%20of%20voting
Calculus of voting refers to any mathematical model which predicts voting behaviour by an electorate, including such features as participation rate. A calculus of voting represents a hypothesized decision-making process. These models are used in political science in an attempt to capture the relative importance of va...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osculating%20curve
In differential geometry, an osculating curve is a plane curve from a given family that has the highest possible order of contact with another curve. That is, if is a family of smooth curves, is a smooth curve (not in general belonging to ), and is a point on , then an osculating curve from at is a curve from tha...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science%2C%20technology%2C%20engineering%2C%20and%20mathematics
Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is an umbrella term used to group together the distinct but related technical disciplines of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. The term is typically used in the context of education policy or curriculum choices in schools. It has implications for...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean%20absolute%20percentage%20error
The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), also known as mean absolute percentage deviation (MAPD), is a measure of prediction accuracy of a forecasting method in statistics. It usually expresses the accuracy as a ratio defined by the formula: where is the actual value and is the forecast value. Their difference ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-module
In mathematics, a D-module is a module over a ring D of differential operators. The major interest of such D-modules is as an approach to the theory of linear partial differential equations. Since around 1970, D-module theory has been built up, mainly as a response to the ideas of Mikio Sato on algebraic analysis, and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residue-class-wise%20affine%20group
In mathematics, specifically in group theory, residue-class-wise affine groups are certain permutation groups acting on (the integers), whose elements are bijective residue-class-wise affine mappings. A mapping is called residue-class-wise affine if there is a nonzero integer such that the restrictions of to the r...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultranet
Ultranet can refer to one of the following: Ultranet (company), a former telecommunications firm in Massachusetts, United States Ultranet (math), a term in topology , a HVDC-project in Germany Ultranet (product), an online environment developed by the Department of Education and Early Childhood Development in Vict...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudocircle
The pseudocircle is the finite topological space X consisting of four distinct points {a,b,c,d } with the following non-Hausdorff topology: This topology corresponds to the partial order where open sets are downward-closed sets. X is highly pathological from the usual viewpoint of general topology as it fails ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emad%20Moteab
Emad Mohamed Abdelnaby Ibrahim Moteab (; born 20 February 1983) is an Egyptian former professional footballer who played as a striker. Career statistics International Source: International goals Scores and results list Egypt's goal tally first. Honours and achievements Al Ahly Egyptian Premier League: 2004–05, 200...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradient-related
Gradient-related is a term used in multivariable calculus to describe a direction. A direction sequence is gradient-related to if for any subsequence that converges to a nonstationary point, the corresponding subsequence is bounded and satisfies Gradient-related directions are usually encountered in the gradient-b...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiunitary%20operator
In mathematics, an antiunitary transformation is a bijective antilinear map between two complex Hilbert spaces such that for all and in , where the horizontal bar represents the complex conjugate. If additionally one has then is called an antiunitary operator. Antiunitary operators are important in quantum theo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%B8rmer%27s%20theorem
In number theory, Størmer's theorem, named after Carl Størmer, gives a finite bound on the number of consecutive pairs of smooth numbers that exist, for a given degree of smoothness, and provides a method for finding all such pairs using Pell equations. It follows from the Thue–Siegel–Roth theorem that there are only a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition%20of%20sums%20of%20squares
The partition of sums of squares is a concept that permeates much of inferential statistics and descriptive statistics. More properly, it is the partitioning of sums of squared deviations or errors. Mathematically, the sum of squared deviations is an unscaled, or unadjusted measure of dispersion (also called variabilit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro-Football-Reference.com
Pro-Football-Reference.com is a website providing a variety of statistics for American football. It is one of the few sites that provides information on both active and retired players. The site provides statistics for teams dating back to 1920. It has statistics for quarterbacks, running backs, receivers, kickers, ret...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial%20equivalence%20relation
In mathematics, a partial equivalence relation (often abbreviated as PER, in older literature also called restricted equivalence relation) is a homogeneous binary relation that is symmetric and transitive. If the relation is also reflexive, then the relation is an equivalence relation. Definition Formally, a relatio...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pole%E2%80%93zero%20plot
In mathematics, signal processing and control theory, a pole–zero plot is a graphical representation of a rational transfer function in the complex plane which helps to convey certain properties of the system such as: Stability Causal system / anticausal system Region of convergence (ROC) Minimum phase / non minim...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lefschetz%20hyperplane%20theorem
In mathematics, specifically in algebraic geometry and algebraic topology, the Lefschetz hyperplane theorem is a precise statement of certain relations between the shape of an algebraic variety and the shape of its subvarieties. More precisely, the theorem says that for a variety X embedded in projective space and a hy...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperplane%20section
In mathematics, a hyperplane section of a subset X of projective space Pn is the intersection of X with some hyperplane H. In other words, we look at the subset XH of those elements x of X that satisfy the single linear condition L = 0 defining H as a linear subspace. Here L or H can range over the dual projective spac...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schauder%20basis
In mathematics, a Schauder basis or countable basis is similar to the usual (Hamel) basis of a vector space; the difference is that Hamel bases use linear combinations that are finite sums, while for Schauder bases they may be infinite sums. This makes Schauder bases more suitable for the analysis of infinite-dimension...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20system
In mathematics, a local system (or a system of local coefficients) on a topological space X is a tool from algebraic topology which interpolates between cohomology with coefficients in a fixed abelian group A, and general sheaf cohomology in which coefficients vary from point to point. Local coefficient systems were i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3%20Babai
László "Laci" Babai (born July 20, 1950, in Budapest) is a Hungarian professor of computer science and mathematics at the University of Chicago. His research focuses on computational complexity theory, algorithms, combinatorics, and finite groups, with an emphasis on the interactions between these fields. Life In 1968...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subderivative
In mathematics, the subderivative, subgradient, and subdifferential generalize the derivative to convex functions which are not necessarily differentiable. Subderivatives arise in convex analysis, the study of convex functions, often in connection to convex optimization. Let be a real-valued convex function defined ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Colloquium%20on%20Group%20Theoretical%20Methods%20in%20Physics
The International Colloquium on Group Theoretical Methods in Physics (ICGTMP) is an academic conference devoted to applications of group theory to physics. It was founded in 1972 by Henri Bacry and Aloysio Janner. It hosts a colloquium every two years. The ICGTMP is led by a Standing Committee, which helps select winne...