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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline%20of%20Gottfried%20Wilhelm%20Leibniz | The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz:
Gottfried Wilhelm (von) Leibniz (1 July 1646 [O.S. 21 June] – 14 November 1716); German polymath, philosopher logician, mathematician. Developed differential and integral calculus at about the same time and independentl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remanence | Remanence or remanent magnetization or residual magnetism is the magnetization left behind in a ferromagnetic material (such as iron) after an external magnetic field is removed. Colloquially, when a magnet is "magnetized", it has remanence. The remanence of magnetic materials provides the magnetic memory in magnetic ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protistology | Protistology is a scientific discipline devoted to the study of protists, a highly diverse group of eukaryotic organisms. All eukaryotes apart from animals, plants and fungi are considered protists. Its field of study therefore overlaps with the more traditional disciplines of phycology, mycology, and protozoology, jus... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergodic%20hypothesis | In physics and thermodynamics, the ergodic hypothesis says that, over long periods of time, the time spent by a system in some region of the phase space of microstates with the same energy is proportional to the volume of this region, i.e., that all accessible microstates are equiprobable over a long period of time.
L... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field-replaceable%20unit | A field-replaceable unit (FRU) is a printed circuit board, part, or assembly that can be quickly and easily removed from a computer or other piece of electronic equipment, and replaced by the user or a technician without having to send the entire product or system to a repair facility. FRUs allow a technician lacking i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampson%20%28horse%29 | Sampson (later renamed Mammoth) was a Shire horse gelding born in 1846 and bred by Thomas Cleaver at Toddington Mills, Bedfordshire, England. According to Guinness World Records (1986) he was the tallest horse ever recorded, by 1850 measuring or 21.25 hands in height. His peak weight was estimated at
See also
List o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kew%20Rule | The Kew Rule was used by some authors to determine the application of synonymous names in botanical nomenclature up to about 1906, but was and still is contrary to codes of botanical nomenclature including the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. Index Kewensis, a publication that aimed to l... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hat%20notation | A "hat" (circumflex (ˆ)), placed over a symbol is a mathematical notation with various uses.
Estimated value
In statistics, a circumflex (ˆ), called a "hat", is used to denote an estimator or an estimated value. For example, in the context of errors and residuals, the "hat" over the letter indicates an observable est... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20theorems | This is a list of notable theorems. Lists of theorems and similar statements include:
List of fundamental theorems
List of lemmas
List of conjectures
List of inequalities
List of mathematical proofs
List of misnamed theorems
Most of the results below come from pure mathematics, but some are from theoretical physics, e... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron-velocity%20selector | A neutron-velocity selector is a device that allows neutrons of defined velocity to pass while absorbing all other neutrons, to produce a monochromatic neutron beam. It has the appearance of a many-bladed turbine. The blades are coated with a strongly neutron-absorbing material, such as Boron-10.
Neutron-velocity sele... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-point%20energy | Zero-point energy (ZPE) is the lowest possible energy that a quantum mechanical system may have. Unlike in classical mechanics, quantum systems constantly fluctuate in their lowest energy state as described by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Therefore, even at absolute zero, atoms and molecules retain some vibrat... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teacher%20Institute%20for%20Evolutionary%20Science | The Teacher Institute for Evolutionary Science (TIES) is a project of the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science and a program of the Center for Inquiry which provides free workshops and materials to elementary, middle school, and, more recently, high school science teachers to enable them to effectively t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreducibility%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, the concept of irreducibility is used in several ways.
A polynomial over a field may be an irreducible polynomial if it cannot be factored over that field.
In abstract algebra, irreducible can be an abbreviation for irreducible element of an integral domain; for example an irreducible polynomial.
I... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum%20theorem | The maximum theorem provides conditions for the continuity of an optimized function and the set of its maximizers with respect to its parameters. The statement was first proven by Claude Berge in 1959. The theorem is primarily used in mathematical economics and optimal control.
Statement of theorem
Maximum Theorem.
L... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwood%20Dudley | Underwood Dudley (born January 6, 1937) is an American mathematician and writer. His popular works include several books describing crank mathematics by pseudomathematicians who incorrectly believe they have squared the circle or done other impossible things.
Career
Dudley was born in New York City. He received bache... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivaldi%20coordinates | Vivaldi Coordinate System is a decentralized Network Coordinate System, that allows for distributed systems such as peer-to-peer networks to estimate round-trip time (RTT) between arbitrary nodes in a network.
Through this scheme, network topology awareness can be used to tune the network behavior to more efficiently ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anal%20pore | The anal pore or cytoproct is a structure in various single-celled eukaryotes where waste is ejected after the nutrients from food have been absorbed into the cytoplasm.
In ciliates, the anal pore (cytopyge) and cytostome are the only regions of the pellicle that are not covered by ridges, cilia or rigid covering. Th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fault%20Tolerant%20Ethernet | Fault Tolerant Ethernet (FTE) is proprietary protocol created by Honeywell.
Designed to provide rapid network redundancy, on top of spanning tree protocol. Each node is connected twice to a single LAN through the dual network interface controllers. The driver and the FTE enabled components allow network communication ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index%20of%20information%20theory%20articles | This is a list of information theory topics.
A Mathematical Theory of Communication
algorithmic information theory
arithmetic coding
channel capacity
Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems
conditional entropy
conditional quantum entropy
confusion and diffusion
cross-entropy
data compression
entropic uncerta... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunneling%20protocol | In computer networks, a tunneling protocol is a communication protocol which allows for the movement of data from one network to another. It involves allowing private network communications to be sent across a public network (such as the Internet) through a process called encapsulation.
Because tunneling involves repa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerobic%20organism | An aerobic organism or aerobe is an organism that can survive and grow in an oxygenated environment. The ability to exhibit aerobic respiration may yield benefits to the aerobic organism, as aerobic respiration yields more energy than anaerobic respiration. Energy production of the cell involves the synthesis of ATP by... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomineralization | Biomineralization, also written biomineralisation, is the process by which living organisms produce minerals, often resulting in hardened or stiffened mineralized tissues. It is an extremely widespread phenomenon: all six taxonomic kingdoms contain members that are able to form minerals, and over 60 different minerals ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routing%20bridge | A routing bridge or RBridge, also known as a TRILL switch, is a network device that implements the TRILL protocol, as specified by the IETF and should not be confused with BRouters (Bridging Routers). RBridges are compatible with previous IEEE 802.1 customer bridges as well as IPv4 and IPv6 routers and end nodes. They... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational%20design%20domain | Operational design domain (ODD) is a term for a set of operating conditions for an automated system, often used in the field of autonomous vehicles. These operating conditions include environmental, geographical and time of day constraints, traffic and roadway characteristics. The ODD is used by manufacturers to indica... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beamforming | Beamforming or spatial filtering is a signal processing technique used in sensor arrays for directional signal transmission or reception. This is achieved by combining elements in an antenna array in such a way that signals at particular angles experience constructive interference while others experience destructive in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priority%20inversion | In computer science, priority inversion is a scenario in scheduling in which a high-priority task is indirectly superseded by a lower-priority task effectively inverting the assigned priorities of the tasks. This violates the priority model that high-priority tasks can only be prevented from running by higher-priority ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%20situ%20adaptive%20tabulation | In situ adaptive tabulation (ISAT) is an algorithm for the approximation of nonlinear relationships. ISAT is based on multiple linear regressions that are dynamically added as additional information is discovered. The technique is adaptive as it adds new linear regressions dynamically to a store of possible retrieval... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20Compute%20Project | The Open Compute Project (OCP) is an organization that shares designs of data center products and best practices among companies, including Arm, Meta, IBM, Wiwynn, Intel, Nokia, Google, Microsoft, Seagate Technology, Dell, Rackspace, Hewlett Packard Enterprise, NVIDIA, Cisco, Goldman Sachs, Fidelity, Lenovo and Alibaba... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research%20software%20engineering | Research software engineering is the use of software engineering practices in research applications. The term was proposed in a research paper in 2010 in response to an empirical survey on tools used for software development in research projects. It started to be used in United Kingdom in 2012, when it was needed to de... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data%20center | A data center (American English) or data centre (Commonwealth English) is a building, a dedicated space within a building, or a group of buildings used to house computer systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and storage systems.
Since IT operations are crucial for business continuity, it genera... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20longest-living%20organisms | This is a list of the longest-living biological organisms: the individual(s) (or in some instances, clones) of a species with the longest natural maximum life spans. For a given species, such a designation may include:
The oldest known individual(s) that are currently alive, with verified ages.
Verified individual r... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary%20protection | Planetary protection is a guiding principle in the design of an interplanetary mission, aiming to prevent biological contamination of both the target celestial body and the Earth in the case of sample-return missions. Planetary protection reflects both the unknown nature of the space environment and the desire of the s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contracted%20Bianchi%20identities | In general relativity and tensor calculus, the contracted Bianchi identities are:
where is the Ricci tensor, the scalar curvature, and indicates covariant differentiation.
These identities are named after Luigi Bianchi, although they had been already derived by Aurel Voss in 1880. In the Einstein field equations, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetFPGA | The NetFPGA project is an effort to develop open-source hardware and software for rapid prototyping of computer network devices. The project targeted academic researchers, industry users, and students. It was not the first platform of its kind in the networking community. NetFPGA used an FPGA-based approach to prototyp... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic%20synthesis | In computer engineering, logic synthesis is a process by which an abstract specification of desired circuit behavior, typically at register transfer level (RTL), is turned into a design implementation in terms of logic gates, typically by a computer program called a synthesis tool. Common examples of this process inclu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl%20green | Methyl green (CI 42585) is a cationic or positive charged stain related to Ethyl Green that has been used for staining DNA since the 19th century. It has been used for staining cell nuclei either as a part of the classical Unna-Pappenheim stain or as a nuclear counterstain ever since.
In recent years, its fluorescent ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmer%20%28hardware%29 | A programmer, device programmer, chip programmer, device burner, or PROM writer is a piece of electronic equipment that arranges written software or firmware to configure programmable non-volatile integrated circuits, called programmable devices. The target devices include PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, Flash memory, eMMC, MRAM,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic%20delivery | Hydrodynamic Delivery (HD) is a method of DNA insertion in rodent models. Genes are delivered via injection into the bloodstream of the animal, and are expressed in the liver. This protocol is helpful to determine gene function, regulate gene expression, and develop pharmaceuticals in vivo.
Methods
Hydrodynamic Deliv... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobon%20triangle%20problem | The Kobon triangle problem is an unsolved problem in combinatorial geometry first stated by Kobon Fujimura (1903-1983). The problem asks for the largest number N(k) of nonoverlapping triangles whose sides lie on an arrangement of k lines. Variations of the problem consider the projective plane rather than the Euclidean... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Making%20Mathematics%20with%20Needlework | Making Mathematics with Needlework: Ten Papers and Ten Projects is an edited volume on mathematics and fiber arts. It was edited by Sarah-Marie Belcastro and Carolyn Yackel, and published in 2008 by A K Peters, based on a meeting held in 2005 in Atlanta by the American Mathematical Society.
Topics
The book includes te... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HCMOS | HCMOS ("high-speed CMOS") is the set of specifications for electrical ratings and characteristics, forming the 74HC00 family, a part of the 7400 series of integrated circuits.
The 74HC00 family followed, and improved upon, the 74C00 series (which provided an alternative CMOS logic family to the 4000 series but retaine... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal%20dielectric%20response | In physics and electrical engineering, the universal dielectric response, or UDR, refers to the observed emergent behaviour of the dielectric properties exhibited by diverse solid state systems. In particular this widely observed response involves power law scaling of dielectric properties with frequency under conditi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kill%20pill | In computing, a kill pill is a mechanism or a technology designed to render systems useless either by user command, or under a predefined set of circumstances. Kill pill technology is most commonly used to disable lost or stolen devices for security purposes, but can also be used for the enforcement of rules and contra... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnomathematics | In mathematics education, ethnomathematics is the study of the relationship between mathematics and culture. Often associated with "cultures without written expression", it may also be defined as "the mathematics which is practised among identifiable cultural groups". It refers to a broad cluster of ideas ranging from ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexible%20organic%20light-emitting%20diode | A flexible organic light-emitting diode (FOLED) is a type of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) incorporating a flexible plastic substrate on which the electroluminescent organic semiconductor is deposited. This enables the device to be bent or rolled while still operating. Currently the focus of research in industria... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded%20Java | Embedded Java refers to versions of the Java program language that are designed for embedded systems. Since 2010 embedded Java implementations have come closer to standard Java, and are now virtually identical to the Java Standard Edition. Since Java 9 customization of the Java Runtime through modularization removes th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutte%20homotopy%20theorem | In mathematics, the Tutte homotopy theorem, introduced by , generalises the concept of "path" from graphs to matroids, and states roughly that closed paths can be written as compositions of elementary closed paths, so that in some sense they are homotopic to the trivial closed path.
Statement
A matroid on a set Q is ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison%20of%20vector%20algebra%20and%20geometric%20algebra | Geometric algebra is an extension of vector algebra, providing additional algebraic structures on vector spaces, with geometric interpretations.
Vector algebra uses all dimensions and signatures, as does geometric algebra, notably 3+1 spacetime as well as 2 dimensions.
Basic concepts and operations
Geometric algebra... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler%E2%80%93Bouwkamp%20constant | In plane geometry, the Kepler–Bouwkamp constant (or polygon inscribing constant) is obtained as a limit of the following sequence. Take a circle of radius 1. Inscribe a regular triangle in this circle. Inscribe a circle in this triangle. Inscribe a square in it. Inscribe a circle, regular pentagon, circle, regular hexa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gajski%E2%80%93Kuhn%20chart | The Gajski–Kuhn chart (or Y diagram) depicts the different perspectives in VLSI hardware design. Mostly, it is used for the development of integrated circuits. Daniel Gajski and Robert Kuhn developed it in 1983. In 1985, Robert Walker and Donald Thomas refined it.
According to this model, the development of hardware ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taphotaxon | A taphotaxon (from the Greek ταφος, taphos meaning burial and ταξις, taxis meaning ordering) is an invalid taxon based on fossils remains that have been altered in a characteristic way during burial and diagenesis. The fossils so altered have distinctive characteristics that make them appear to be a new taxon, but thes... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legendre%20transformation | In mathematics, the Legendre transformation (or Legendre transform), first introduced by Adrien-Marie Legendre in 1787 when studying the minimal surface problem, is an involutive transformation on real-valued functions that are convex on a real variable. Specifically, if a real-valued multivariable function is convex o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemniscate%20constant | In mathematics, the lemniscate constant is a transcendental mathematical constant that is the ratio of the perimeter of Bernoulli's lemniscate to its diameter, analogous to the definition of for the circle. Equivalently, the perimeter of the lemniscate is . The lemniscate constant is closely related to the lemniscat... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classification%20of%20discontinuities | Continuous functions are of utmost importance in mathematics, functions and applications. However, not all functions are continuous. If a function is not continuous at a point in its domain, one says that it has a discontinuity there. The set of all points of discontinuity of a function may be a discrete set, a dense s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioclimatology | Bioclimatology is the interdisciplinary field of science that studies the interactions between the biosphere and the Earth's atmosphere on time scales of the order of seasons or longer (in contrast to biometeorology).
Examples of relevant processes
Climate processes largely control the distribution, size, shape and p... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog%20device | Analog devices are a combination of both analog machine and analog media that can together measure, record, reproduce, receive or broadcast continuous information, for example, the almost infinite number of grades of transparency, voltage, resistance, rotation, or pressure. In theory, the continuous information in an a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bootstrapping%20%28electronics%29 | In the field of electronics, a technique where part of the output of a system is used at startup can be described as bootstrapping.
A bootstrap circuit is one where part of the output of an amplifier stage is applied to the input, so as to alter the input impedance of the amplifier. When applied deliberately, the in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atwater%20system | The Atwater system, named after Wilbur Olin Atwater, or derivatives of this system are used for the calculation of the available energy of foods. The system was developed largely from the experimental studies of Atwater and his colleagues in the later part of the 19th century and the early years of the 20th at Wesleyan... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actel%20SmartFusion | SmartFusion is a family of microcontrollers with an integrated FPGA of Actel. The device includes an ARM Cortex-M3 hard processor core (with up to 512kB of flash and 64kB of RAM) and analog peripherals such as a multi-channel ADC and DACs in addition to their flash-based FPGA fabric.
Models
Development Hardware
Acte... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic%20flow%20%28computer%20networking%29 | In packet switching networks, traffic flow, packet flow or network flow is a sequence of packets from a source computer to a destination, which may be another host, a multicast group, or a broadcast domain. RFC 2722 defines traffic flow as "an artificial logical equivalent to a call or connection." RFC 3697 defines tra... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avionics | Avionics (a blend of aviation and electronics) are the electronic systems used on aircraft. Avionic systems include communications, navigation, the display and management of multiple systems, and the hundreds of systems that are fitted to aircraft to perform individual functions. These can be as simple as a searchlight... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacus | The abacus (: abaci or abacuses), also called a counting frame, is a hand-operated calculating tool of unknown origin used since ancient times in the ancient Near East, Europe, China, and Russia, millennia before the adoption of the Hindu-Arabic numeral system.
The abacus consists of a two-dimensional array of slidabl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univariate | In mathematics, a univariate object is an expression, equation, function or polynomial involving only one variable. Objects involving more than one variable are multivariate. In some cases the distinction between the univariate and multivariate cases is fundamental; for example, the fundamental theorem of algebra and E... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instinet | Instinet Incorporated is an institutional, agency-model broker that also serves as the independent equity trading arm of its parent, Nomura Group. It executes trades for asset management firms, hedge funds, insurance companies, mutual funds and pension funds. Headquartered in New York City, the company provides sales t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMS-2 | CMS-2 is an embedded systems programming language used by the United States Navy. It was an early attempt to develop a standardized high-level computer programming language intended to improve code portability and reusability. CMS-2 was developed primarily for the US Navy’s tactical data systems (NTDS).
CMS-2 was deve... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liana | A liana is a long-stemmed, woody vine that is rooted in the soil at ground level and uses trees, as well as other means of vertical support, to climb up to the canopy in search of direct sunlight. The word liana does not refer to a taxonomic grouping, but rather a habit of plant growth – much like tree or shrub. It com... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UPC%20and%20NPC | Usage Parameter Control (UPC) and Network Parameter Control (NPC) are functions that may be performed in a computer network. UPC may be performed at the input to a network "to protect network resources from malicious as well as unintentional misbehaviour". NPC is the same and done for the same reasons as UPC, but at t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutraceutical | A nutraceutical is a pharmaceutical alternative which claims physiological benefits. In the US, nutraceuticals are largely unregulated, as they exist in the same category as dietary supplements and food additives by the FDA, under the authority of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. The word "nutraceutical" is a ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter%20University%20Center%20for%20Bioscience | Inter University Centre for Bioscience (IUCB) was established at the School of Life Sciences, Kannur University, Kerala, India, by the Higher Education Department, Government of Kerala, to be a global center of excellence for research in biological sciences. Former Vice-President of India Mohammad Hamid Ansari inaugura... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20NP-complete%20problems | This is a list of some of the more commonly known problems that are NP-complete when expressed as decision problems. As there are hundreds of such problems known, this list is in no way comprehensive. Many problems of this type can be found in .
Graphs and hypergraphs
Graphs occur frequently in everyday applications. ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol%20engineering | Protocol engineering is the application of systematic methods to the development of communication protocols. It uses many of the principles of software engineering, but it is specific to the development of distributed systems.
History
When the first experimental and commercial computer networks were developed in the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative%20locality | Relative locality is a proposed physical phenomenon in which different observers would disagree on whether two space-time events are coincident. This is in contrast to special relativity and general relativity in which different observers may disagree on whether two distant events occur at the same time but if an obser... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20cycling | Power cycling is the act of turning a piece of equipment, usually a computer, off and then on again. Reasons for power cycling include having an electronic device reinitialize its set of configuration parameters or recover from an unresponsive state of its mission critical functionality, such as in a crash or hang situ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonic%20artifact | In sound and music production, sonic artifact, or simply artifact, refers to sonic material that is accidental or unwanted, resulting from the editing or manipulation of a sound.
Types
Because there are always technical restrictions in the way a sound can be recorded (in the case of acoustic sounds) or designed (in th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very%20High%20Speed%20Integrated%20Circuit%20Program | The Very High Speed Integrated Circuit (VHSIC) Program was a United States Department of Defense (DOD) research program that ran from 1980 to 1990. Its mission was to research and develop very high-speed integrated circuits for the United States Armed Forces.
VHSIC was launched in 1980 as a joint tri-service (Army/Na... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological%20system | A biological system is a complex network which connects several biologically relevant entities. Biological organization spans several scales and are determined based different structures depending on what the system is. Examples of biological systems at the macro scale are populations of organisms. On the organ and tis... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test%20compression | Test compression is a technique used to reduce the time and cost of testing integrated circuits. The first ICs were tested with test vectors created by hand. It proved very difficult to get good coverage of potential faults, so Design for testability (DFT) based on scan and automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) we... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fecundity%20selection | Fecundity selection, also known as fertility selection, is the fitness advantage resulting from selection on traits that increases the number of offspring (i.e. fecundity). Charles Darwin formulated the theory of fecundity selection between 1871 and 1874 to explain the widespread evolution of female-biased sexual size ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithmic%20state%20machine | The algorithmic state machine (ASM) is a method for designing finite state machines (FSMs) originally developed by Thomas E. Osborne at the University of California, Berkeley (UCB) since 1960, introduced to and implemented at Hewlett-Packard in 1968, formalized and expanded since 1967 and written about by Christopher R... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal%20simulations%20for%20integrated%20circuits | Miniaturizing components has always been a primary goal in the semiconductor industry because it cuts production cost and lets companies build smaller computers and other devices. Miniaturization, however, has increased dissipated power per unit area and made it a key limiting factor in integrated circuit performance. ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index%20of%20optics%20articles | Optics is the branch of physics which involves the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it. Optics usually describes the behavior of visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light. Because light is an electromagnetic wave, other forms ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trace%20fossil%20classification | Trace fossils are classified in various ways for different purposes. Traces can be classified taxonomically (by morphology), ethologically (by behavior), and toponomically, that is, according to their relationship to the surrounding sedimentary layers. Except in the rare cases where the original maker of a trace fossil... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akira%20Yoshizawa | was a Japanese origamist, considered to be the grandmaster of origami. He is credited with raising origami from a craft to a living art. According to his own estimation made in 1989, he created more than 50,000 models, of which only a few hundred designs were presented as diagrams in his 18 books. Yoshizawa acted as an... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kleptoprotein | A kleptoprotein is a protein which is not encoded in the genome of the organism which uses it, but instead is obtained through diet from a prey organism. Importantly, a kleptoprotein must maintain its function and be mostly or entirely undigested, drawing a distinction from proteins that are digested for nutrition, whi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic%20limit | In statistical mechanics, the thermodynamic limit or macroscopic limit, of a system is the limit for a large number of particles (e.g., atoms or molecules) where the volume is taken to grow in proportion with the number of particles.
The thermodynamic limit is defined as the limit of a system with a large volume, wit... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-to-end%20delay | End-to-end delay or one-way delay (OWD) refers to the time taken for a packet to be transmitted across a network from source to destination. It is a common term in IP network monitoring, and differs from round-trip time (RTT) in that only path in the one direction from source to destination is measured.
Measurement
Th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20MOSFET%20applications | The MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor) is a type of insulated-gate field-effect transistor (IGFET) that is fabricated by the controlled oxidation of a semiconductor, typically silicon. The voltage of the covered gate determines the electrical conductivity of the device; this ability to change co... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Download | In computer networks, download means to receive data from a remote system, typically a server such as a web server, an FTP server, an email server, or other similar systems. This contrasts with uploading, where data is sent to a remote server.
A download is a file offered for downloading or that has been downloaded, or... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaczmarz%20method | The Kaczmarz method or Kaczmarz's algorithm is an iterative algorithm for solving linear equation systems . It was first discovered by the Polish mathematician Stefan Kaczmarz, and was rediscovered in the field of image reconstruction from projections by Richard Gordon, Robert Bender, and Gabor Herman in 1970, where it... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20dynamical%20systems%20and%20differential%20equations%20topics | This is a list of dynamical system and differential equation topics, by Wikipedia page. See also list of partial differential equation topics, list of equations.
Dynamical systems, in general
Deterministic system (mathematics)
Linear system
Partial differential equation
Dynamical systems and chaos theory
Chaos theory... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems%20development%20life%20cycle | In systems engineering, information systems and software engineering, the systems development life cycle (SDLC), also referred to as the application development life cycle, is a process for planning, creating, testing, and deploying an information system. The SDLC concept applies to a range of hardware and software con... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation%20hardening | Radiation hardening is the process of making electronic components and circuits resistant to damage or malfunction caused by high levels of ionizing radiation (particle radiation and high-energy electromagnetic radiation), especially for environments in outer space (especially beyond the low Earth orbit), around nuclea... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regressive%20discrete%20Fourier%20series | In applied mathematics, the regressive discrete Fourier series (RDFS) is a generalization of the discrete Fourier transform where the Fourier series coefficients are computed in a least squares sense and the period is arbitrary, i.e., not necessarily equal to the length of the data. It was first proposed by Arruda (19... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rensch%27s%20rule | Rensch's rule is a biological rule on allometrics, concerning the relationship between the extent of sexual size dimorphism and which sex is larger. Across species within a lineage, size dimorphism increases with increasing body size when the male is the larger sex, and decreases with increasing average body size when ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hop%20%28networking%29 | In wired computer networking, including the Internet, a hop occurs when a packet is passed from one network segment to the next. Data packets pass through routers as they travel between source and destination. The hop count refers to the number of network devices through which data passes from source to destination (de... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular-weight%20size%20marker | A molecular-weight size marker, also referred to as a protein ladder, DNA ladder, or RNA ladder, is a set of standards that are used to identify the approximate size of a molecule run on a gel during electrophoresis, using the principle that molecular weight is inversely proportional to migration rate through a gel mat... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeography%20of%20Deep-Water%20Chemosynthetic%20Ecosystems | The Biogeography of Deep-Water Chemosynthetic Ecosystems is a field project of the Census of Marine Life programme (CoML). The main aim of ChEss is to determine the biogeography of deep-water chemosynthetic ecosystems at a global scale and to understand the processes driving these ecosystems. ChEss addresses the main ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-target%20probe | In-target probe, or ITP is a device used in computer hardware and microprocessor design, to control a target microprocessor or similar ASIC at the register level. It generally allows full control of the target device and allows the computer engineer access to individual processor registers, program counter, and instruc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative%20frequency | In mathematics, signed frequency (negative and positive frequency) expands upon the concept of frequency, from just an absolute value representing how often some repeating event occurs, to also have a positive or negative sign representing one of two opposing orientations for occurrences of those events. The following ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backhouse%27s%20constant | Backhouse's constant is a mathematical constant named after Nigel Backhouse. Its value is approximately 1.456 074 948.
It is defined by using the power series such that the coefficients of successive terms are the prime numbers,
and its multiplicative inverse as a formal power series,
Then:
.
This limit was conj... |
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