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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20network%20programming | Computer network programming involves writing computer programs that enable processes to communicate with each other across a computer network.
Connection-oriented and connectionless communications
Very generally, most of communications can be divided into connection-oriented, and connectionless. Whether a communica... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermolabile | Thermolabile refers to a substance which is subject to, decomposition, or change in response to heat. This term is often used
describe biochemical substances.
For example, many bacterial exotoxins are thermolabile and can be easily inactivated by the application of moderate heat.
Enzymes are also thermolabile and los... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamfered%20dodecahedron | In geometry, the chamfered dodecahedron is a convex polyhedron with 80 vertices, 120 edges, and 42 faces: 30 hexagons and 12 pentagons. It is constructed as a chamfer (edge-truncation) of a regular dodecahedron. The pentagons are reduced in size and new hexagonal faces are added in place of all the original edges. Its ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyes%20%28cheese%29 | Eyes are the round holes that are a characteristic feature of Swiss-type cheese (e.g. Emmentaler cheese) and some Dutch-type cheeses. The eyes are bubbles of carbon dioxide gas. The gas is produced by various species of bacteria in the cheese.
Swiss cheese
In Swiss-type cheeses, the eyes form as a result of the act... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double%20subscript%20notation | In engineering, double-subscript notation is notation used to indicate some variable between two points (each point being represented by one of the subscripts). In electronics, the notation is usually used to indicate the direction of current or voltage, while in mechanical engineering it is sometimes used to describe ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Register%20renaming | In computer architecture, register renaming is a technique that abstracts logical registers from physical registers.
Every logical register has a set of physical registers associated with it.
When a machine language instruction refers to a particular logical register, the processor transposes this name to one specific ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scramble%20competition | In ecology, scramble competition (or complete symmetric competition or exploitation competition) refers to a situation in which a resource is accessible to all competitors (that is, it is not monopolizable by an individual or group). However, since the particular resource is usually finite, scramble competition may lea... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C3%A9n%E2%80%93Robinson%20constant | The Fransén–Robinson constant, sometimes denoted F, is the mathematical constant that represents the area between the graph of the reciprocal Gamma function, , and the positive x axis. That is,
Other expressions
The Fransén–Robinson constant has numerical value , and continued fraction representation [2; 1, 4, 4, 1, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food%20packaging | Food packaging is a packaging system specifically designed for food and represents one of the most important aspects among the processes involved in the food industry, as it provides protection from chemical, biological and physical alterations. The main goal of food packaging is to provide a practical means of protect... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food%20sampling | Food sampling is a process used to check that a food is safe and that it does not contain harmful contaminants, or that it contains only permitted additives at acceptable levels, or that it contains the right levels of key ingredients and its label declarations are correct, or to know the levels of nutrients present.
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem%20collapse | An ecosystem, short for ecological system, is defined as a collection of interacting organisms within a biophysical environment. Ecosystems are never static, and are continually subject to stabilizing and destabilizing processes alike. Stabilizing processes allow ecosystems to adequately respond to destabilizing change... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vectored%20interrupt | In computer science, a vectored interrupt is a processing technique in which the interrupting device directs the processor to the appropriate interrupt service routine. This is in contrast to a polled interrupt system, in which a single interrupt service routine must determine the source of the interrupt by checking al... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repeater%20insertion | Repeater insertion is a technique used to reduce time delays associated with long wire lines in integrated circuits. This technique involves cutting the long wire into one or more shorter wires, and then inserting a repeater between each pair of newly created short wires.
The time it takes for a signal to travel from ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current%20conveyor | A current conveyor is an abstraction for a three-terminal analogue electronic device. It is a form of electronic amplifier with unity gain. There are three versions of generations of the idealised device, CCI, CCII and CCIII. When configured with other circuit elements, real current conveyors can perform many analogue ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline%20of%20arithmetic | Arithmetic is an elementary branch of mathematics that is widely used for tasks ranging from simple day-to-day counting to advanced science and business calculations.
Essence of arithmetic
Elementary arithmetic
Decimal arithmetic
Decimal point
Numeral
Place value
Face value
History of arithmetic
Arithmetic operation... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical%20area%20%28computing%29 | In integrated circuit design, a critical area is a section of a circuit design wherein a particle of a particular size can cause a failure. It measures the sensitivity of the circuit to a reduction in yield.
The critical area on a single layer integrated circuit design is given by:
where is the area in which a def... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extract | An extract (essence) is a substance made by extracting a part of a raw material, often by using a solvent such as ethanol, oil or water. Extracts may be sold as tinctures, absolutes or in powder form.
The aromatic principles of many spices, nuts, herbs, fruits, etc., and some flowers, are marketed as extracts, among ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfly%20count | Butterfly counts are often carried out in North America and Europe to estimate the populations of butterflies in a specific geographical area.
The counts are conducted by interested, mostly non-professional, residents of the area who maintain an interest in determining the numbers and species of butterflies in their l... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20calculus%20topics | This is a list of calculus topics.
Limits
Limit (mathematics)
Limit of a function
One-sided limit
Limit of a sequence
Indeterminate form
Orders of approximation
(ε, δ)-definition of limit
Continuous function
Differential calculus
Derivative
Notation
Newton's notation for differentiation
Leibniz's notation... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemness | Systemness is the state, quality, or condition of a complex system, that is, of a set of interconnected elements that behave as, or appear to be, a whole, exhibiting behavior distinct from the behavior of the parts. The term is new and has been applied to large social phenomena and organizations (healthcare and higher ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%20spectroscopy | Hilbert Spectroscopy uses Hilbert transforms to analyze broad spectrum signals from gigahertz to terahertz frequency radio. One suggested use is to quickly analyze liquids inside airport passenger luggage. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarjan%27s%20algorithm | Tarjan's algorithm may refer to one of several algorithms attributed to Robert Tarjan, including:
Tarjan's strongly connected components algorithm
Tarjan's off-line lowest common ancestors algorithm
Tarjan's algorithm for finding bridges in an undirected graph
Tarjan's algorithm for finding simple circuits in a di... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIP%20message | WIP message is a work-in-progress message sent from a computer client to a computer server. It is used to update a server with the progress of an item during a manufacturing process. The only known use is in the automotive wiring manufacturing process, but the message structure is generic enough to be used in any manuf... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NO%20CARRIER | NO CARRIER (capitalized) is a text message transmitted from a modem to its attached device (typically a computer), indicating the modem is not (or no longer) connected to a remote system.
NO CARRIER is a response message that is defined in the Hayes command set. Due to the popularity of Hayes modems during the heyday... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voigt%20notation | In mathematics, Voigt notation or Voigt form in multilinear algebra is a way to represent a symmetric tensor by reducing its order. There are a few variants and associated names for this idea: Mandel notation, Mandel–Voigt notation and Nye notation are others found. Kelvin notation is a revival by Helbig of old ideas o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent%20component%20analysis | Dependent component analysis (DCA) is a blind signal separation (BSS) method and an extension of Independent component analysis (ICA). ICA is the separating of mixed signals to individual signals without knowing anything about source signals. DCA is used to separate mixed signals into individual sets of signals that a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20formulas%20in%20Riemannian%20geometry | This is a list of formulas encountered in Riemannian geometry. Einstein notation is used throughout this article. This article uses the "analyst's" sign convention for Laplacians, except when noted otherwise.
Christoffel symbols, covariant derivative
In a smooth coordinate chart, the Christoffel symbols of the first ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daisy%20chain%20%28electrical%20engineering%29 | In electrical and electronic engineering, a daisy chain is a wiring scheme in which multiple devices are wired together in sequence or in a ring, similar to a garland of daisy flowers. Daisy chains may be used for power, analog signals, digital data, or a combination thereof.
The term daisy chain may refer either to l... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sides%20of%20an%20equation | In mathematics, LHS is informal shorthand for the left-hand side of an equation. Similarly, RHS is the right-hand side. The two sides have the same value, expressed differently, since equality is symmetric.
More generally, these terms may apply to an inequation or inequality; the right-hand side is everything on the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up%20to | Two mathematical objects and are called "equal up to an equivalence relation "
if and are related by , that is,
if holds, that is,
if the equivalence classes of and with respect to are equal.
This figure of speech is mostly used in connection with expressions derived from equality, such as uniqueness or cou... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median%20filter | The median filter is a non-linear digital filtering technique, often used to remove noise from an image or signal. Such noise reduction is a typical pre-processing step to improve the results of later processing (for example, edge detection on an image). Median filtering is very widely used in digital image processing ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eocyte%20hypothesis | The eocyte hypothesis in evolutionary biology proposes that the eukaryotes originated from a group of prokaryotes called eocytes (later classified as Thermoproteota, a group of archaea). After his team at the University of California, Los Angeles discovered eocytes in 1984, James A. Lake formulated the hypothesis as "e... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjacent%20channel%20power%20ratio | Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR) is ratio between the total power of adjacent channel (intermodulation signal) to the main channel's power (useful signal).
Ratio
The ratio between the total power adjacent channel (intermodulation signal) to the main channel's power (useful signal). There are two ways of measuring A... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20architecture | Open architecture is a type of computer architecture or software architecture intended to make adding, upgrading, and swapping components with other computers easy. For example, the IBM PC, Amiga 500 and Apple IIe have an open architecture supporting plug-in cards, whereas the Apple IIc computer has a closed architectu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five-bar%20linkage | In kinematics, a five-bar linkage is a mechanism with two degrees of freedom that is constructed from five links that are connected together in a closed chain. All links are connected to each other by five joints in series forming a loop. One of the links is the ground or base. This configuration is also called a panto... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MISRA%20C | MISRA C is a set of software development guidelines for the C programming language developed by The MISRA Consortium. Its aims are to facilitate code safety, security, portability and reliability in the context of embedded systems, specifically those systems programmed in ISO C / C90 / C99.
There is also a set of gui... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCR%205380 | The NCR 5380 is an early SCSI controller chip developed by NCR Microelectronics. It was popular due to its simplicity and low cost. The 5380 was used in the Macintosh Plus and in numerous SCSI cards for personal computers, including the Amiga and Atari TT. The 5380 was second sourced by several chip makers, including A... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipeline%20video%20inspection | Pipeline video inspection is a form of telepresence used to visually inspect the interiors of pipelines, plumbing systems, and storm drains. A common application is for a plumber to determine the condition of small diameter sewer lines and household connection drain pipes.
Older sewer lines of small diameter, typicall... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential%20gradient | In physics, chemistry and biology, a potential gradient is the local rate of change of the potential with respect to displacement, i.e. spatial derivative, or gradient. This quantity frequently occurs in equations of physical processes because it leads to some form of flux.
Definition
One dimension
The simplest defi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load%20profile | In electrical engineering, a load profile is a graph of the variation in the electrical load versus time. A load profile will vary according to customer type (typical examples include residential, commercial and industrial), temperature and holiday seasons. Power producers use this information to plan how much electr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20gene%20families | This is a list of gene families or gene complexes, i.e. sets of genes which are related ancestrally and often serve similar biological functions. These gene families typically encode functionally related proteins, and sometimes the term gene families is a shorthand for the sets of proteins that the genes encode. They m... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacometabolomics | Pharmacometabolomics, also known as pharmacometabonomics, is a field which stems from metabolomics, the quantification and analysis of metabolites produced by the body. It refers to the direct measurement of metabolites in an individual's bodily fluids, in order to predict or evaluate the metabolism of pharmaceutical c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gieseking%20manifold | In mathematics, the Gieseking manifold is a cusped hyperbolic 3-manifold of finite volume. It is non-orientable and has the smallest volume among non-compact hyperbolic manifolds, having volume approximately . It was discovered by . The volume is called Gieseking constant and has a closed-form,
with Clausen function... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High%20availability | High availability (HA) is a characteristic of a system that aims to ensure an agreed level of operational performance, usually uptime, for a higher than normal period.
Modernization has resulted in an increased reliance on these systems. For example, hospitals and data centers require high availability of their syste... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultramicrotomy | Ultramicrotomy is a method for cutting specimens into extremely thin slices, called ultra-thin sections, that can be studied and documented at different magnifications in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). It is used mostly for biological specimens, but sections of plastics and soft metals can also be prepared. ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanoprobing | Nanoprobing is method of extracting device electrical parameters through the use of nanoscale tungsten wires, used primarily in the semiconductor industry. The characterization of individual devices is instrumental to engineers and integrated circuit designers during initial product development and debug. It is commonl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workgroup%20%28computer%20networking%29 | In computer networking a work group is collection of computers connected on a LAN that share the common resources and responsibilities. Workgroup is Microsoft's term for a peer-to-peer local area network. Computers running Microsoft operating systems in the same work group may share files, printers, or Internet connect... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid%20incompatibility | Hybrid incompatibility is a phenomenon in plants and animals, wherein offspring produced by the mating of two different species or populations have reduced viability and/or are less able to reproduce. Examples of hybrids include mules and ligers from the animal world, and subspecies of the Asian rice crop Oryza sativa ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Math%20rock | Math rock is a style of alternative and indie rock with roots in bands such as King Crimson and Rush. It is characterized by complex, atypical rhythmic structures (including irregular stopping and starting), counterpoint, odd time signatures, and extended chords. It bears similarities to post-rock.
Characteristics
M... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector%20calculus%20identities | The following are important identities involving derivatives and integrals in vector calculus.
Operator notation
Gradient
For a function in three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate variables, the gradient is the vector field:
where i, j, k are the standard unit vectors for the x, y, z-axes. More generally, for a fun... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit%20topology%20%28electrical%29 | The circuit topology of an electronic circuit is the form taken by the network of interconnections of the circuit components. Different specific values or ratings of the components are regarded as being the same topology. Topology is not concerned with the physical layout of components in a circuit, nor with their po... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAVIS%20%28software%29 | LAVIS is a software tool created by the TOOL Corporation, Japan. LAVIS is a "layout visualisation platform". It supports a variety of formats such as GDSII, OASIS and LEF/DEF and can be used as a platform for common IC processes. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmid%20preparation | A plasmid preparation is a method of DNA extraction and purification for plasmid DNA, it is an important step in many molecular biology experiments and is essential for the successful use of plasmids in research and biotechnology. Many methods have been developed to purify plasmid DNA from bacteria. During the purifica... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budan%27s%20theorem | In mathematics, Budan's theorem is a theorem for bounding the number of real roots of a polynomial in an interval, and computing the parity of this number. It was published in 1807 by François Budan de Boislaurent.
A similar theorem was published independently by Joseph Fourier in 1820. Each of these theorems is a cor... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivation%20of%20the%20Routh%20array | The Routh array is a tabular method permitting one to establish the stability of a system using only the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial. Central to the field of control systems design, the Routh–Hurwitz theorem and Routh array emerge by using the Euclidean algorithm and Sturm's theorem in evaluating Cau... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codex%20Alimentarius | The is a collection of internationally recognized standards, codes of practice, guidelines, and other recommendations published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations relating to food, food production, food labeling, and food safety.
History and governance
Its name is derived from the Codex Al... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichenology | Lichenology is the branch of mycology that studies the lichens, symbiotic organisms made up of an intimate symbiotic association of a microscopic alga (or a cyanobacterium) with a filamentous fungus.
Study of lichens draws knowledge from several disciplines: mycology, phycology, microbiology and botany. Scholars of li... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmaron | In physics, the plasmaron was proposed by Lundqvist in 1967 as a quasiparticle arising in a system that has strong plasmon-electron interactions. In the original work, the plasmaron was proposed to describe a secondary peak (or satellite) in the photoemission spectral function of the electron gas. More precisely it was... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal%20regeneration | In telecommunications, signal regeneration is signal processing that restores a signal, recovering its original characteristics.
The signal may be electrical, as in a repeater on a T-carrier line, or optical, as in an OEO optical cross-connect.
The process is used when it is necessary to change the signal type in ord... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ILAND%20project | The iLAND project (middleware for deterministic dynamically reconfigurable networked embedded systems) is a cross-industry research & development project for advanced research in embedded systems. It has been developed with the collaboration of 9 organisations including Industries, SMEs and Universities from Spain, Fr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essentially%20unique | In mathematics, the term essentially unique is used to describe a weaker form of uniqueness, where an object satisfying a property is "unique" only in the sense that all objects satisfying the property are equivalent to each other. The notion of essential uniqueness presupposes some form of "sameness", which is often f... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hume%20%28programming%20language%29 | Hume is a functionally based programming language developed at the University of St Andrews and Heriot-Watt University in Scotland since the year 2000. The language name is both an acronym meaning 'Higher-order Unified Meta-Environment' and an honorific to the 18th-century philosopher David Hume. It targets real-time c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational%20complexity%20of%20mathematical%20operations | The following tables list the computational complexity of various algorithms for common mathematical operations.
Here, complexity refers to the time complexity of performing computations on a multitape Turing machine. See big O notation for an explanation of the notation used.
Note: Due to the variety of multiplicati... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEC%2061131 | IEC 61131 is an IEC standard for programmable controllers. It was first published in 1993; the current (third) edition dates from 2013. It was known as IEC 1131 before the change in numbering system by IEC. The parts of the IEC 61131 standard are prepared and maintained by working group 7, programmable control systems,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Laplace%20transforms | The following is a list of Laplace transforms for many common functions of a single variable. The Laplace transform is an integral transform that takes a function of a positive real variable (often time) to a function of a complex variable (frequency).
Properties
The Laplace transform of a function can be obtained... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerEdge%20VRTX | Dell PowerEdge VRTX is a computer hardware product line from Dell.
It is a mini-blade chassis with built-in storage system. The VRTX comes in two models: a 19" rack version that is 5 rack units high or as a stand-alone tower system.
Specifications
The VRTX system is partially based on the Dell M1000e blade-enclosure ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AY-3-8500 | The AY-3-8500 "Ball & Paddle" integrated circuit was the first in a series of ICs from General Instrument designed for the consumer video game market. These chips were designed to output video to an RF modulator, which would then display the game on a domestic television set. The AY-3-8500 contained six selectable game... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network%20delay | Network delay is a design and performance characteristic of a telecommunications network. It specifies the latency for a bit of data to travel across the network from one communication endpoint to another. It is typically measured in multiples or fractions of a second. Delay may differ slightly, depending on the locati... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid%20Scheduling | Hybrid Scheduling is a class of scheduling mechanisms that mix different scheduling criteria or disciplines in one algorithm. For example, scheduling uplink and downlink traffic in a WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network, such as IEEE 802.11e) using a single discipline or framework is an instance of hybrid scheduling. Othe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foias%20constant | In mathematical analysis, the Foias constant is a real number named after Ciprian Foias.
It is defined in the following way: for every real number x1 > 0, there is a sequence defined by the recurrence relation
for n = 1, 2, 3, .... The Foias constant is the unique choice α such that if x1 = α then the sequence dive... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontology | Gerontology ( ) is the study of the social, cultural, psychological, cognitive, and biological aspects of aging. The word was coined by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov in 1903, from the Greek (), meaning "old man", and (), meaning "study of". The field is distinguished from geriatrics, which is the branch of medicine that spec... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact%20pad | Contact pads or bond pads are small, conductive surface areas of a printed circuit board (PCB) or die of an integrated circuit. They are often made of gold, copper, or aluminum and measure mere micrometres wide. Pads are positioned on the edges of die, to facilitate connections without shorting. Contact pads exist to p... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline%20of%20software%20engineering | The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to software engineering:
Software engineering – application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software; that is the application of engineering to software.
The ACM Computing Classi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biocybernetics | Biocybernetics is the application of cybernetics to biological science disciplines such as neurology and multicellular systems. Biocybernetics plays a major role in systems biology, seeking to integrate different levels of information to understand how biological systems function. The field of cybernetics itself has or... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus%20classification | Virus classification is the process of naming viruses and placing them into a taxonomic system similar to the classification systems used for cellular organisms.
Viruses are classified by phenotypic characteristics, such as morphology, nucleic acid type, mode of replication, host organisms, and the type of disease the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical%20diagram | Mathematical diagrams, such as charts and graphs, are mainly designed to convey mathematical relationships—for example, comparisons over time.
Specific types of mathematical diagrams
Argand diagram
A complex number can be visually represented as a pair of numbers forming a vector on a diagram called an Argand diagr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rent%27s%20rule | Rent's rule pertains to the organization of computing logic, specifically the relationship between the number of external signal connections to a logic block (i.e., the number of "pins") with the number of logic gates in the logic block, and has been applied to circuits ranging from small digital circuits to mainframe ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substrate%20%28biology%29 | In biology, a substrate is the surface on which an organism (such as a plant, fungus, or animal) lives. A substrate can include biotic or abiotic materials and animals. For example, encrusting algae that lives on a rock (its substrate) can be itself a substrate for an animal that lives on top of the algae. Inert substr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzy%20electronics | Fuzzy electronics is an electronic technology that uses fuzzy logic, instead of the two-state Boolean logic more commonly used in digital electronics. Fuzzy electronics is fuzzy logic implemented on dedicated hardware. This is to be compared with fuzzy logic implemented in software running on a conventional processor.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoheterotroph | Photoheterotrophs (Gk: photo = light, hetero = (an)other, troph = nourishment) are heterotrophic phototrophs—that is, they are organisms that use light for energy, but cannot use carbon dioxide as their sole carbon source. Consequently, they use organic compounds from the environment to satisfy their carbon requirement... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20order%20structures%20in%20mathematics | In mathematics, and more specifically in order theory, several different types of ordered set have been studied.
They include:
Cyclic orders, orderings in which triples of elements are either clockwise or counterclockwise
Lattices, partial orders in which each pair of elements has a greatest lower bound and a least u... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Off-flavour | Off-flavours or off-flavors (see spelling differences) are taints in food products caused by the presence of undesirable compounds. They can originate in raw materials, from chemical changes during food processing and storage, and from micro-organisms. Off-flavours are a recurring issue in drinking water supply and ma... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point%20process%20notation | In probability and statistics, point process notation comprises the range of mathematical notation used to symbolically represent random objects known as point processes, which are used in related fields such as stochastic geometry, spatial statistics and continuum percolation theory and frequently serve as mathematic... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20theorems%20called%20fundamental | In mathematics, a fundamental theorem is a theorem which is considered to be central and conceptually important for some topic. For example, the fundamental theorem of calculus gives the relationship between differential calculus and integral calculus. The names are mostly traditional, so that for example the fundament... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary%20of%20mathematical%20jargon | The language of mathematics has a vast vocabulary of specialist and technical terms. It also has a certain amount of jargon: commonly used phrases which are part of the culture of mathematics, rather than of the subject. Jargon often appears in lectures, and sometimes in print, as informal shorthand for rigorous argume... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nessum | Nessum is a communication technology that can be used in a variety of media, including wired, wireless, and underwater, using high frequencies (kHz to MHz bands). It is standardized as IEEE P1901c.
Overview
Nessum has two types of communication: wired (Nessum WIRE) and wireless (Nessum AIR).
Wired communication
Nes... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant%20rice | Instant rice is a white rice that is partly precooked and then is dehydrated and packed in a dried form similar in appearance to that of regular white rice. That process allows the product to be later cooked as if it were normal rice but with a typical cooking time of 5 minutes, not the 20–30 minutes needed by white ri... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20first-order%20theories | In first-order logic, a first-order theory is given by a set of axioms in some
language. This entry lists some of the more common examples used in model theory and some of their properties.
Preliminaries
For every natural mathematical structure there is a signature σ listing the constants, functions, and relations ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous%20or%20discrete%20variable | In mathematics and statistics, a quantitative variable may be continuous or discrete if they are typically obtained by measuring or counting, respectively. If it can take on two particular real values such that it can also take on all real values between them (even values that are arbitrarily close together), the varia... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum%20analyzer | A spectrum analyzer measures the magnitude of an input signal versus frequency within the full frequency range of the instrument. The primary use is to measure the power of the spectrum of known and unknown signals. The input signal that most common spectrum analyzers measure is electrical; however, spectral compositio... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue%20whale | The blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) is a marine mammal and a baleen whale. Reaching a maximum confirmed length of and weighing up to , it is the largest animal known ever to have existed. The blue whale's long and slender body can be of various shades of greyish-blue dorsally and somewhat lighter underneath. Four s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interconnect%20%28integrated%20circuits%29 | In integrated circuits (ICs), interconnects are structures that connect two or more circuit elements (such as transistors) together electrically. The design and layout of interconnects on an IC is vital to its proper function, performance, power efficiency, reliability, and fabrication yield. The material interconnects... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load-balanced%20switch | A load-balanced switch is a switch architecture which guarantees 100% throughput with no central arbitration at all, at the cost of sending each packet across the crossbar twice. Load-balanced switches are a subject of research for large routers scaled past the point of practical central arbitration.
Introduction
Int... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DECbit | DECbit is a TCP congestion control technique implemented in routers to avoid congestion. Its utility is to predict possible congestion and prevent it.
When a router wants to signal congestion to the sender, it adds a bit in the header of packets sent. When a packet arrives at the router, the router calculates the ave... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number%20theoretic%20Hilbert%20transform | The number theoretic Hilbert transform is an extension of the discrete Hilbert transform to integers modulo a prime . The transformation operator is a circulant matrix.
The number theoretic transform is meaningful in the ring , when the modulus is not prime, provided a principal root of order n exists.
The NHT ma... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyranny%20of%20numbers | The tyranny of numbers was a problem faced in the 1960s by computer engineers. Engineers were unable to increase the performance of their designs due to the huge number of components involved. In theory, every component needed to be wired to every other component (or at least many other components) and were typically ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, the word null (from meaning "zero", which is from meaning "none") is often associated with the concept of zero or the concept of nothing. It is used in varying context from "having zero members in a set" (e.g., null set) to "having a value of zero" (e.g., null vector).
In a vector space, the null vec... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20particle | A virtual particle is a theoretical transient particle that exhibits some of the characteristics of an ordinary particle, while having its existence limited by the uncertainty principle. The concept of virtual particles arises in the perturbation theory of quantum field theory where interactions between ordinary partic... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio%20science%20subsystem | A radio science subsystem (RSS) is a subsystem placed on board a spacecraft for radio science purposes.
Function of the RSS
The RSS uses radio signals to probe a medium such as a planetary atmosphere. The spacecraft transmits a highly stable signal to ground stations, receives such a signal from ground stations, or b... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MUSHRA | MUSHRA stands for Multiple Stimuli with Hidden Reference and Anchor and is a methodology for conducting a codec listening test to evaluate the perceived quality of the output from lossy audio compression algorithms. It is defined by ITU-R recommendation BS.1534-3. The MUSHRA methodology is recommended for assessing "in... |
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