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anchor_id stringlengths 8 8	anchor_title stringlengths 22 248	anchor_abstract stringlengths 73 4.05k	positive_pool listlengths 1 1	negative_pool listlengths 1 1
22509163	Targets for a comparative neurobiology of language.	One longstanding impediment to progress in understanding the neural basis of language is the development of model systems that retain language-relevant cognitive behaviors yet permit invasive cellular neuroscience methods. Recent experiments in songbirds suggest that this group may be developed into a powerful animal m...	[ [ "10378865", "Neurokinin type-1 receptor antagonist inhibits enhancement of T cell functions by substance P in normal and neuromanipulated capsaicin-treated rats.", "Substance P (SP) plays a major role in the regulation of the interaction between immune and nervous systems. SP administration stimulates...	[ [ "23264884", "Neurogenetics and Epigenetics in Impulsive Behaviour: Impact on Reward Circuitry.", "Adverse, unfavourable life conditions, particularly during early life stages and infancy, can lead to epigenetic regulation of genes involved in stress-response, behavioral disinhibition, and cognitive-em...
23195310	Model organism databases in behavioral neuroscience.	Model Organism Databases (MODs) are an important informatics tool for researchers. They provide comprehensive organism specific genetic, genomic, and phenotype datasets. MODs ensure accurate data identification and integrity and provide official nomenclature for genes, Quantitative Trait Loci, and strains. Most importa...	[ [ "19254758", "Re-exposure to endotoxin induces differential cytokine gene expression in the rat hypothalamus and spleen.", "This study was designed to investigate whether the pattern of hypothalamic and splenic cytokine expression induced by peripheral administration of a bacterial lipopolysaccharide (...	[ [ "23181017", "Support vector machines for spike pattern classification with a leaky integrate-and-fire neuron.", "Spike pattern classification is a key topic in machine learning, computational neuroscience, and electronic device design. Here, we offer a new supervised learning rule based on Support Vec...
23372986	Experience with multimodality telepathology at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.	Several modes of telepathology exist including static (store-and-forward), dynamic (live video streaming or robotic microscopy), and hybrid technology involving whole slide imaging (WSI). Telepathology has been employed at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) for over a decade at local, national, and inte...	[ [ "3974835", "Bilateral traumatic abducens nerve palsy without skull fracture and with cervical spine fracture: case report and review of the literature.", "Bilateral traumatic abducens nerve palsy is a rare condition. Here a case without skull fracture and associated with cervical spine fracture is rep...	[ [ "23193602", "Arthropod venoms: a vast arsenal of insecticidal neuropeptides.", "Arthropods are the most diverse animal group on the planet, and occupy almost all ecological niches. Venomous arthropods are a rich source of bioactive compounds evolved for prey capture and defense against predators and/o...
23060761	A computational approach to "free will" constrained by the games we play.	Human choice is not free-we are bounded by a multitude of biological constraints. Yet, within the various landscapes we face, we do express choice, preference, and varying degrees of so-called willful behavior. Moreover, it appears that the capacity for choice in humans is variable. Empirical studies aimed at investiga...	[ [ "19400719", "The science of neural interface systems.", "The ultimate goal of neural interface research is to create links between the nervous system and the outside world either by stimulating or by recording from neural tissue to treat or assist people with sensory, motor, or other disabilities of n...	[ [ "24294562", "Dorello's Canal and Gruber's Ligament: Historical Perspective.", "Wenzel Leopold Gruber and Primo Dorello were great anatomists and researchers during the 19th and 20th centuries. Their contributions to neuroanatomy-namely the Gruber's (petrosphenoidal) ligament and Dorello's canal, respe...
23035093	Optimization of a GCaMP calcium indicator for neural activity imaging.	Genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) are powerful tools for systems neuroscience. Recent efforts in protein engineering have significantly increased the performance of GECIs. The state-of-the art single-wavelength GECI, GCaMP3, has been deployed in a number of model organisms and can reliably detect three or ...	[ [ "19064491", "Retention of high tactile acuity throughout the life span in blindness.", "Previous studies of tactile acuity on the fingertip, using passive touch, have demonstrated an age-related decline in spatial resolution for both sighted and blind subjects. We have reexamined this age dependence w...	[ [ "23033443", "Apraxia of speech: concepts and controversies.", "This article was written as an editorial to a collection of original articles on apraxia of speech (AOS) in which some of the more recent advancements in the understanding of this syndrome are discussed. It covers controversial issues conc...
23055482	Towards a new neurobiology of language.	Theoretical advances in language research and the availability of increasingly high-resolution experimental techniques in the cognitive neurosciences are profoundly changing how we investigate and conceive of the neural basis of speech and language processing. Recent work closely aligns language research with issues at...	[ [ "21748284", "A failure to normalize biochemical and metabolic insults during morphine withdrawal disrupts synaptic repair in mice transgenic for HIV-gp120.", "Drug abuse in HIV-infected individuals accelerates the onset and progression of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Opiates are a c...	[ [ "23195316", "Opportunities for bioinformatics in the classification of behavior and psychiatric disorders.", "A bioinformatics approach to behavioral neuroscience provides both unique opportunities and challenges for research on behavior. A major challenge has been to describe, define, and discriminat...
23505339	Baby Steps to Superintelligence: Neuroprosthetics and Children.	Children surviving neural injuries face challenges not seen by their adult counterparts, namely that they experience neural injury before reaching neurodevelopmental maturity. Neural prostheses offer one possible path to recovery, along with the potential for functional outcomes that could exceed expectations. Although...	[ [ "12951145", "Structure and function of the vomeronasal system: an update.", "Several developments during the past 15 years have profoundly affected our understanding of the vomeronasal system (VNS) of vertebrates. In the mid 1990s, the vomeronasal epithelium of mammals was found to contain two populat...	[ [ "22850833", "Complex biomedical systems: from basic science to translation.", "The Department of Biomedical Engineering (BME) of the University of Southern California (BME@USC) has a longstanding tradition of advancing biomedicine through the development and application of novel engineering ideas. Mor...
23176028	Iranians' contribution to world literature on neuroscience.	The purpose of this study is to analyse Iranian scientific publications in the neuroscience subfields by librarians and neuroscientists, using Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) via Web of Science data over the period, 2002-2008.</AbstractText Data were retrieved from the SCIE. Data were collected from the 'subject...	[ [ "21312401", "Functional brain imaging in schizophrenia: selected results and methods.", "Functional brain imaging studies of patients with schizophrenia may be grouped into those that assume that the signs and symptoms of schizophrenia are due to disordered circuitry within a critical brain region and...	[ [ "22963524", "Non-genomic action of beclomethasone dipropionate on bronchoconstriction caused by leukotriene C4 in precision cut lung slices in the horse.", "Glucocorticoids have been proven to be effective in the therapy of recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) in horses via systemic as well as local (in...
23174433	When do people cooperate? The neuroeconomics of prosocial decision making.	Understanding the roots of prosocial behavior is an interdisciplinary research endeavor that has generated an abundance of empirical data across many disciplines. This review integrates research findings from different fields into a novel theoretical framework that can account for when prosocial behavior is likely to o...	[ [ "12716950", "Hierarchical processing in spoken language comprehension.", "Understanding spoken language requires a complex series of processing stages to translate speech sounds into meaning. In this study, we use functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the brain regions that are involved in ...	[ [ "23001148", "An observational study of the effectiveness and safety of growth hormone (Humatrope(®)) treatment in Japanese children with growth hormone deficiency or Turner syndrome.", "This study assessed the effectiveness and safety of growth hormone (GH; Humatrope(®)) therapy in Japanese child...
22240730	Birdsong neurolinguistics: songbird context-free grammar claim is premature.	There are remarkable behavioral, neural, and genetic similarities between song learning in songbirds and speech acquisition in human infants. Previously, we have argued that this parallel cannot be extended to the level of sentence syntax. Although birdsong can indeed have a complex structure, it lacks the combinatoria...	[ [ "19400719", "The science of neural interface systems.", "The ultimate goal of neural interface research is to create links between the nervous system and the outside world either by stimulating or by recording from neural tissue to treat or assist people with sensory, motor, or other disabilities of n...	[ [ "23351052", "On the neural basis of rule-guided behavior.", "Human behavior emerges from a complex dynamic interaction between graded and context-sensitive neural processes, the biomechanics of our bodies, and the vicissitudes of our environments. These coupled processes bear little resemblance to the...
21645998	Are we studying and treating schizophrenia correctly?	New findings are rapidly revealing an increasingly detailed image of neural- and molecular-level dysfunction in schizophrenia, distributed throughout interconnected cortico-striato-pallido-thalamic circuitry. Some disturbances appear to reflect failures of early brain maturation, that become codified into dysfunctional...	[ [ "15996748", "Correlates of trait impulsiveness in performance measures and neuropsychological tests.", "Performance measures of impulsiveness offer great promise for assessing this trait in clinical and experimental studies. However, little is known about their relative superiority or inferiority to s...	[ [ "21625624", "\"Studying injured minds\" - the Vietnam head injury study and 40 years of brain injury research.", "The study of those who have sustained traumatic brain injuries (TBI) during military conflicts has greatly facilitated research in the fields of neuropsychology, neurosurgery, psychiatry, ...
23062307	Childhood adversity and DNA methylation of genes involved in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and immune system: whole-genome and candidate-gene associations.	In recent years, translational research involving humans and animals has uncovered biological and physiological pathways that explain associations between early adverse circumstances and long-term mental and physical health outcomes. In this article, we summarize the human and animal literature demonstrating that epige...	[ [ "15831717", "Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo.", "Microglial cells represent the immune system of the mammalian brain and therefore are critically involved in various injuries and diseases. Little is known about their role in the healthy brain and th...	[ [ "23576843", "Possibilities offered by implantable miniaturized cuff-electrodes for insect neurophysiology.", "Recent advances in microsystems technology led to a miniaturization of cuff-electrodes, which suggests these electrodes not just for long-term neuronal recordings in mammalians, but also in me...
23196557	[A new neuroscientific approach using decoded neurofeedback (DecNef)].	Neurofeedback is defined as a method to read out information from the brain and feed the information back to the brain. This technology has developed in the past ten years and attracted considerable attention as potential treatments for rehabilitation and psychiatric disease. We recently invented the decoded neurofeedb...	[ [ "15831717", "Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo.", "Microglial cells represent the immune system of the mammalian brain and therefore are critically involved in various injuries and diseases. Little is known about their role in the healthy brain and th...	[ [ "23176028", "Iranians' contribution to world literature on neuroscience.", "The purpose of this study is to analyse Iranian scientific publications in the neuroscience subfields by librarians and neuroscientists, using Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) via Web of Science data over the period, 200...
23428294	Neuropsychological assessment and the paradox of ADHD.	Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a behaviorally defined diagnosis. Despite the fact that neuropsychological tests have typically been used successfully to investigate the functional neuroanatomy of ADHD in neuroimaging research paradigms, these tests have been of surprisingly limited utility in the cl...	[ [ "21325522", "Origin and determination of inhibitory cell lineages in the vertebrate retina.", "Multipotent progenitors in the vertebrate retina often generate clonally related mixtures of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. The postmitotically expressed transcription factor, Ptf1a, is essential for all...	[ [ "23275858", "Brain state-triggered stimulus delivery: An efficient tool for probing ongoing brain activity.", "What is the relationship between variability in ongoing brain activity <i" ] ]
22520647	European study of research and development in mobility technology for persons with disabilities.	\In the fall of 2010, the National Science Foundation, the National Institutes of Health and the U.S. Veteran's Administration jointly supported a review of mobility technology in Europe. A delegation of American Scientists traveled to Europe to visit a number of research centers and engaged in a demonstration and dial...	[ [ "20427643", "Emotional automaticity is a matter of timing.", "There has been a long controversy concerning whether the amygdala's response to emotional stimuli is automatic or dependent on attentional load. Using magnoencephalography and an advanced beamformer source localization technique, we found t...	[ [ "22155385", "Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1): antibody specificity and receptor expression in cultured primary neurons.", "The availability of high quality, well-characterized antibodies for molecular and cellular neuroscience studies is important. However, not all available antibodies are ...
22751865	Human aquaporin 4281-300 is the immunodominant linear determinant in the context of HLA-DRB1*03:01: relevance for diagnosing and monitoring patients with neuromyelitis optica.	OBJECTIVE To identify linear determinants of human aquaporin 4 (hAQP4) in the context of HLA-DRB103:01. DESIGN In this controlled study with humanized experimental animals, HLA-DRB103:01 transgenic mice were immunized with whole-protein hAQP4 emulsified in complete Freund adjuvant. To test T-cell responses, lymph nod...	[ [ "21731699", "Recognition of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the Uhrf1 SRA domain.", "Recent discovery of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in genomic DNA raises the question how this sixth base is recognized by cellular proteins. In contrast to the methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD) of MeCP2, we found that the S...	[ [ "24294562", "Dorello's Canal and Gruber's Ligament: Historical Perspective.", "Wenzel Leopold Gruber and Primo Dorello were great anatomists and researchers during the 19th and 20th centuries. Their contributions to neuroanatomy-namely the Gruber's (petrosphenoidal) ligament and Dorello's canal, respe...
23276394	Biological mechanisms associated with increased perseveration and hyperactivity in a genetic mouse model of neurodevelopmental disorder.	Chromosomal deletions at Xp22.3 appear to influence vulnerability to the neurodevelopmental disorders attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism. 39,X(Y*)O mice, which lack the murine orthologue of the Xp22.3 ADHD candidate gene STS (encoding steroid sulfatase), exhibit behavioural phenotypes relevant t...	[ [ "18457512", "Timing, storage, and comparison of stimulus duration engage discrete anatomical components of a perceptual timing network.", "The temporal discrimination paradigm requires subjects to compare the duration of a probe stimulus to that of a sample previously stored in working or long-term me...	[ [ "23269483", "Metabolomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid indicates iron deficiency compromises cerebral energy metabolism in the infant monkey.", "Iron deficiency anemia affects many pregnant women and young infants worldwide. The health impact is significant, given iron's known role in many body func...
23130007	When Do We Confuse Self and Other in Action Memory? Reduced False Memories of Self-Performance after Observing Actions by an Out-Group vs. In-Group Actor.	Observing another person performing an action can lead to a false memory of having performed the action oneself - the observation-inflation effect. In the experimental paradigm, participants first perform or do not perform simple actions, and then observe another person perform some of these actions. The observation-in...	[ [ "19298949", "Perceptual simulation in conceptual combination: evidence from property generation.", "In three experiments, participants received nouns or noun phrases for objects and verbally generated their properties (\"feature listing\"). Several sources of evidence indicated that participants const...	[ [ "23055968", "Detection of self-paced reaching movement intention from EEG signals.", "Future neuroprosthetic devices, in particular upper limb, will require decoding and executing not only the user's intended movement type, but also when the user intends to execute the movement. This work investigates...
23279177	Neurochemistry of schizophrenia: the contribution of neuroimaging postmortem pathology and neurochemistry in schizophrenia.	The advent of molecular neuroimaging has greatly impacted on understanding the neurochemical changes occurring in the CNS from subjects with psychiatric disorders, especially schizophrenia. This review focuses on the outcomes from studies using positron emission tomography and single photon emission computer tomography...	[ [ "11330208", "Microdialysis perfusion of orexin-A in the basal forebrain increases wakefulness in freely behaving rats.", "Recent work indicates that the orexin/hypocretin-containing neurons of the lateral hypothalamus are involved in control of REM sleep phenomena, but site-specific actions in control...	[ [ "22986407", "How a common variant in the growth factor receptor gene, NTRK1, affects white matter.", "Growth factors and their receptors are important for cellular migration as well as axonal guidance and myelination in the brain. They also play a key role in programmed cell death, and are implicated ...
23197532	A large-scale model of the functioning brain.	A central challenge for cognitive and systems neuroscience is to relate the incredibly complex behavior of animals to the equally complex activity of their brains. Recently described, large-scale neural models have not bridged this gap between neural activity and biological function. In this work, we present a 2.5-mill...	[ [ "8854339", "Role of an S4-S5 linker in sodium channel inactivation probed by mutagenesis and a peptide blocker.", "A pair of conserved methionine residues, located on the cytoplasmic linker between segments S4 and S5 in the fourth domain of human heart Na channels (hH1), plays a role in the kinetics a...	[ [ "23505339", "Baby Steps to Superintelligence: Neuroprosthetics and Children.", "Children surviving neural injuries face challenges not seen by their adult counterparts, namely that they experience neural injury before reaching neurodevelopmental maturity. Neural prostheses offer one possible path to r...
22143364	Postural tachycardia syndrome--current experience and concepts.	Postural tachycardia syndrome (PoTS) is a poorly understood but important cause of orthostatic intolerance resulting from cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction. PoTS is distinct from the syndromes of autonomic failure usually associated with orthostatic hypotension, such as pure autonomic failure and multiple system atr...	[ [ "21749952", "Social neuroscience: mirror neurons recorded in humans.", "New single-cell recordings show that humans do have mirror neurons, and in more brain regions than previously suspected. Some action-execution neurons were seen to be inhibited during observation, possibly preventing imitation and...	[ [ "21960308", "Open questions in computational motor control.", "Computational motor control covers all applications of quantitative tools for the study of the biological movement control system. This paper provides a review of this field in the form of a list of open questions. After an introduction in...
22481743	Brain enabled by next-generation neurotechnology: using multiscale and multimodal models.	As many articles in this issue of IEEE Pulse demonstrate, interfacing directly with the brain presents several fundamental challenges. These challenges reside at multiple levels and span many disciplines, ranging from the need to understand brain states at the level of neural circuits to creating technological innovati...	[ [ "15928068", "Reward, motivation, and emotion systems associated with early-stage intense romantic love.", "Early-stage romantic love can induce euphoria, is a cross-cultural phenomenon, and is possibly a developed form of a mammalian drive to pursue preferred mates. It has an important influence on so...	[ [ "22963990", "Further characterization of repetitive behavior in C58 mice: developmental trajectory and effects of environmental enrichment.", "Aberrant repetitive behaviors are commonly observed in a variety of neurodevelopmental, neurological, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Little is known about the...
23493966	Exploring sensory neuroscience through experience and experiment.	Many phenomena that we take for granted are illusions - color and motion on a TV or computer monitor, for example, or the impression of space in a stereo music recording. Even the stable image that we perceive when looking directly at the real world is illusory. One of the important lessons from sensory neuroscience is...	[ [ "11377409", "Double-blind naltrexone and placebo comparison study in the treatment of pathological gambling.", "The authors' goal was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of naltrexone in the treatment of pathologic gambling disorder.</AbstractText Eighty-three subjects who met criteria for DSM-IV ...	[ [ "23140422", "Comparison of GPU- and CPU-implementations of mean-firing rate neural networks on parallel hardware.", "Modern parallel hardware such as multi-core processors (CPUs) and graphics processing units (GPUs) have a high computational power which can be greatly beneficial to the simulation of l...
23177656	Synthetic event-related potentials: a computational bridge between neurolinguistic models and experiments.	Our previous work developed Synthetic Brain Imaging to link neural and schema network models of cognition and behavior to PET and fMRI studies of brain function. We here extend this approach to Synthetic Event-Related Potentials (Synthetic ERP). Although the method is of general applicability, we focus on ERP correlate...	[ [ "17691351", "An introduction to operative neuromodulation and functional neuroprosthetics, the new frontiers of clinical neuroscience and biotechnology.", "Operative neuromodulation is the field of altering electrically or chemically the signal transmission in the nervous system by implanted devices i...	[ [ "23269439", "The p.Ala510Val mutation in the SPG7 (paraplegin) gene is the most common mutation causing adult onset neurogenetic disease in patients of British ancestry.", "The c.1529C >T change in the SPG7 gene, encoding the mutant p.Ala510Val paraplegin protein, was first described as a polymorph...
22814704	Inflammation in anxiety.	The idea of the existence of an interaction between the immune system and the central nervous system (CNS) has prompted extensive research interest into the subject of "Psychoneuroimmunology" taking the field to an interesting level where new hypotheses are being increasingly tested. Specifically, exactly how the cross...	[ [ "17670965", "Cell type-specific tuning of hippocampal interneuron firing during gamma oscillations in vivo.", "Cortical gamma oscillations contribute to cognitive processing and are thought to be supported by perisomatic-innervating GABAergic interneurons. We performed extracellular recordings of iden...	[ [ "22986407", "How a common variant in the growth factor receptor gene, NTRK1, affects white matter.", "Growth factors and their receptors are important for cellular migration as well as axonal guidance and myelination in the brain. They also play a key role in programmed cell death, and are implicated ...
23226198	Formal comparison of dual-parameter temporal discounting models in controls and pathological gamblers.	Temporal or delay discounting refers to the phenomenon that the value of a reward is discounted as a function of time to delivery. A range of models have been proposed that approximate the shape of the discount curve describing the relationship between subjective value and time. Recent evidence suggests that more than ...	[ [ "12951145", "Structure and function of the vomeronasal system: an update.", "Several developments during the past 15 years have profoundly affected our understanding of the vomeronasal system (VNS) of vertebrates. In the mid 1990s, the vomeronasal epithelium of mammals was found to contain two populat...	[ [ "23195123", "Text-mining and neuroscience.", "The wealth and diversity of neuroscience research are inherent characteristics of the discipline that can give rise to some complications. As the field continues to expand, we generate a great deal of data about all aspects, and from multiple perspectives,...
22960226	Empiricists are from Venus, modelers are from Mars: Reconciling experimental and computational approaches in cognitive neuroscience.	We describe how computational models can be useful to cognitive and behavioral neuroscience, and discuss some guidelines for deciding whether a model is useful. We emphasize that because instantiating a cognitive theory as a computational model requires specification of an explicit mechanism for the function in questio...	[ [ "19120115", "Chronic stress, combined with a high-fat/high-sugar diet, shifts sympathetic signaling toward neuropeptide Y and leads to obesity and the metabolic syndrome.", "In response to stress, some people lose while others gain weight. This is believed to be due to either increased beta-adrenergic...	[ [ "23476081", "Framing Nicotine Addiction as a \"Disease of the Brain\": Social and Ethical Consequences.", "In this article, we seek to better understand how a genomic vision of addiction may influence drug prevention and treatment. Though <i We explore the emerging view of addiction as a \"disease of ...
23267340	Social working memory: neurocognitive networks and directions for future research.	Navigating the social world requires the ability to maintain and manipulate information about people's beliefs, traits, and mental states. We characterize this capacity as social working memory (SWM). To date, very little research has explored this phenomenon, in part because of the assumption that general working memo...	[ [ "16482083", "Antipsychotic effects on prepulse inhibition in normal 'low gating' humans and rats.", "Development of new antipsychotics and their novel applications may be facilitated through the use of physiological markers in clinically normal individuals. Both genetic and neurochemical evidence sugg...	[ [ "22922354", "Selective interactions of spinophilin with the C-terminal domains of the δ- and μ-opioid receptors and G proteins differentially modulate opioid receptor signaling.", "Previous studies have shown that the intracellular domains of opioid receptors serve as platforms for the formation of a ...
19654141	Neuroanthropology: a humanistic science for the study of the culture-brain nexus.	In this article, we argue that a combined anthropology/neuroscience field of enquiry can make a significant and distinctive contribution to the study of the relationship between culture and the brain. This field, which can appropriately be termed as neuroanthropology, is conceived of as being complementary to and mutua...	[ [ "19400719", "The science of neural interface systems.", "The ultimate goal of neural interface research is to create links between the nervous system and the outside world either by stimulating or by recording from neural tissue to treat or assist people with sensory, motor, or other disabilities of n...	[ [ "25205899", "Neuroepidemiology of epilepsy in northwest India.", "Epilepsy has a complex etiology characterised by recurring seizures.</AbstractText To study clinical profile of epilepsy patients with reference to type of epilepsy in northwest India. No previous Indian study has reported relative inci...
19943188	Fast Kalman filtering on quasilinear dendritic trees.	Optimal filtering of noisy voltage signals on dendritic trees is a key problem in computational cellular neuroscience. However, the state variable in this problem-the vector of voltages at every compartment-is very high-dimensional: realistic multicompartmental models often have on the order of N = 10(4) compartments. ...	[ [ "11222789", "Paraplegin gene analysis in hereditary spastic paraparesis (HSP) pedigrees in northeast England.", "To identify the frequency and characterize the phenotype of paraplegin mutations in the hereditary spastic paraparesis (HSP) population in the northeast of England.</AbstractText HSP is a d...	[ [ "20826300", "Neuroscience and education: an ideal partnership for producing evidence-based solutions to Guide 21(st) Century Learning.", "Neuro-Education is a nascent discipline that seeks to blend the collective fields of neuroscience, psychology, cognitive science, and education to create a better u...
23365838	Simultaneous ODF estimation and tractography in HARDI.	We consider the problem of tracking white matter fibers in high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) data while simultaneously estimating the local fiber orientation profile. Prior work showed that an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) can be used for this problem, yet existing algorithms employ parametric mixture m...	[ [ "15831717", "Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo.", "Microglial cells represent the immune system of the mammalian brain and therefore are critically involved in various injuries and diseases. Little is known about their role in the healthy brain and th...	[ [ "23542825", "Neuroanatomy of Cornudescoides kulkarnii n. sp., a gill parasite of Mystus vittatus in Meerut (UP), India.", "Chemical named 5-bromo indoxyl acetate has been used to describe the nervous system of a viviparous monogenean Cornudescoides Kulkarni (1969), a gill parasite of Mystus vittatus. ...
23926462	Neurogenetics and Nutrigenomics of Neuro-Nutrient Therapy for Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): Clinical Ramifications as a Function of Molecular Neurobiological Mechanisms.	In accord with the new definition of addiction published by American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) it is well-known that individuals who present to a treatment center involved in chemical dependency or other documented reward dependence behaviors have impaired brain reward circuitry. They have hypodopaminergic f...	[ [ "15663891", "Orexin A promotes histamine, but not norepinephrine or serotonin, release in frontal cortex of mice.", "To investigate the effects of orexin A on release of histamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the frontal cortex of mice.</AbstractText Samples for measuring histamine, norepinephrin...	[ [ "23060781", "Using \"smart stimulators\" to treat Parkinson's disease: re-engineering neurostimulation devices.", "Let's imagine the cruise control of your car locked at 120 km/h on any road in any condition (city, country, highway, sunny or rainy weather), or your car air conditioner set on ma...
22639700	Mitochondrial DNA: A Blind Spot in Neuroepigenetics.	Neuroepigenetics, which includes nuclear DNA modifications such as 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydoxymethylcytosine and modifications of nuclear proteins such as histones, is emerging as the leading field in molecular neuroscience. Historically, a functional role for epigenetic mechanisms, including in neuroepigenetics, has...	[ [ "8490989", "Epidemiology of epilepsy in developing countries.", "Epilepsy is an important health problem in developing countries, where its prevalence can be up to 57 per 1000 population. This article reviews the epidemiology of epilepsy in developing countries in terms of its incidence, prevalence, s...	[ [ "23366028", "Transcranial direct current stimulation in pediatric brain: a computational modeling study.", "Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a method of non-invasive brain stimulation which uses weak electric currents applied on the scalp to modulate activity of underlying brain tissu...
23366028	Transcranial direct current stimulation in pediatric brain: a computational modeling study.	Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a method of non-invasive brain stimulation which uses weak electric currents applied on the scalp to modulate activity of underlying brain tissue. In addition to being used as a tool for cognitive neuroscience investigations, tDCS has generated considerable interest for...	[ [ "12721816", "Dopamine D3 receptor gene polymorphism and violent behavior: relation to impulsiveness and ADHD-related psychopathology.", "Several lines of evidence indicate that dopaminergic neurotransmission is involved in the regulation of impulsive aggression and violence and that genetically determ...	[ [ "23202064", "Three-dimensional multiwaveguide probe array for light delivery to distributed brain circuits.", "To deliver light to the brain for neuroscientific and neuroengineering applications like optogenetics, in which light is used to activate or silence neurons expressing specific photosensitive...
23504543	Bio-amplifier with Driven Shield Inputs to Reduce Electrical Noise and its Application to Laboratory Teaching of Electrophysiology.	We describe a custom-designed bio-amplifier and its use in teaching neurophysiology to undergraduate students. The amplifier has the following features: 1) differential amplification with driven shield inputs, which makes it workable even in electrically unshielded environments, 2) high input impedance to allow recordi...	[ [ "21386006", "Optogenetics in the teaching laboratory: using channelrhodopsin-2 to study the neural basis of behavior and synaptic physiology in Drosophila.", "Here we incorporate recent advances in Drosophila neurogenetics and \"optogenetics\" into neuroscience laboratory exercises. We used the light-...	[ [ "22958820", "How variable clones build an invariant retina.", "A fundamental question in developmental neuroscience is how a collection of progenitor cells proliferates and differentiates to create a brain of the appropriate size and cellular composition. To address this issue, we devised lineage-trac...
22557965	An ontological approach to describing neurons and their relationships.	The advancement of neuroscience, perhaps one of the most information rich disciplines of all the life sciences, requires basic frameworks for organizing the vast amounts of data generated by the research community to promote novel insights and integrated understanding. Since Cajal, the neuron remains a fundamental unit...	[ [ "17049754", "Behavioral impulsivity predicts treatment outcome in a smoking cessation program for adolescent smokers.", "To examine the relationship between impulsivity and smoking cessation treatment response among adolescents.</AbstractText Thirty adolescent smokers participated in a high school bas...	[ [ "23130007", "When Do We Confuse Self and Other in Action Memory? Reduced False Memories of Self-Performance after Observing Actions by an Out-Group vs. In-Group Actor.", "Observing another person performing an action can lead to a false memory of having performed the action oneself - the observation-i...
23504612	An undergraduate laboratory exercise examining the psychomotor stimulant effects of caffeine in laboratory rats.	This paper describes an exercise in a Systems and Behavioral Neuroscience with Laboratory class, an introductory laboratory class taken by Barnard College students majoring in a wide range of academic topics. The study took place over three weeks, allowing students to assess the effects of caffeine on motor stimulation...	[ [ "17940025", "Short-term meditation training improves attention and self-regulation.", "Recent studies suggest that months to years of intensive and systematic meditation training can improve attention. However, the lengthy training required has made it difficult to use random assignment of participant...	[ [ "22925211", "Developmental neurotoxicity testing: scientific approaches towards the next generation to protect the developing nervous system of children. An overview of the Developmental Neurotoxicity Symposium in 2011.", "The Developmental Neurotoxicology (DNT) Committee has been working to promote d...
22977368	Coping with Brain Disorders using Neurotechnology.	Brain disorders account for more than 34% of the global burden of disease, crippling nations by decreasing their "mental capital"-with greater effect in developing countries. Early detection is the key to their management, but establishing such programmes seems nearly impossible due to the high prevalence of the dysfun...	[ [ "12716950", "Hierarchical processing in spoken language comprehension.", "Understanding spoken language requires a complex series of processing stages to translate speech sounds into meaning. In this study, we use functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the brain regions that are involved in ...	[ [ "23110153", "Prediction of muscle activities from electrocorticograms in primary motor cortex of primates.", "Electrocorticography (ECoG) has drawn attention as an effective recording approach for brain-machine interfaces (BMI). Previous studies have succeeded in classifying movement intention and pre...
23420996	The fundamental role of morphology in experimental neurotoxicology: the example of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity.	The peripheral nervous system is a frequent target of toxic agents. The accurate identification of the sites of neurotoxic action through the morphological characterization of reliable in vivo models or in vitro systems can give fundamental clues when investigating the pathogenesis and interpreting the clinical feature...	[ [ "22430310", "Cloning and expression of tachykinins and their association with kisspeptins in the brains of zebrafish.", "The tachykinins are a family of neuropeptides, including substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and neurokinin B (NKB), that are encoded by the tac1 (SP and NKA) or tac2/3 (NKB) gene...	[ [ "23010511", "Transcriptome analysis of Drosophila CNS midline cells reveals diverse peptidergic properties and a role for castor in neuronal differentiation.", "One of the key aspects of neuronal differentiation is the array of neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter receptors that each neuron possesse...
23142960	Current concept of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and NMO spectrum disorders.	Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) has been described as a disease clinically characterised by severe optic neuritis (ON) and transverse myelitis (TM). Other features of NMO include female preponderance, longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesions (>3 vertebral segments), and absence of oligoclonal IgG bands . In spite of ...	[ [ "22304908", "Immune cells exploit a neural circuit to enter the CNS.", "Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with the appearance of autoreactive T cells in the central nervous system. Using a mouse model of MS, Arima et al. now show that this attack begins at a specific spinal cord location...	[ [ "23010509", "Using mouse models of autism spectrum disorders to study the neurotoxicology of gene-environment interactions.", "To better study the role of genetics in autism, mouse models have been developed which mimic the genetics of specific autism spectrum and related disorders. These models have ...
20797539	Spatiotemporal response properties of optic-flow processing neurons.	A central goal in sensory neuroscience is to fully characterize a neuron's input-output relation. However, strong nonlinearities in the responses of sensory neurons have made it difficult to develop models that generalize to arbitrary stimuli. Typically, the standard linear-nonlinear models break down when neurons exhi...	[ [ "11253062", "Association study designs for complex diseases.", "Assessing the association between DNA variants and disease has been used widely to identify regions of the genome and candidate genes that contribute to disease. However, there are numerous examples of associations that cannot be replicat...	[ [ "22958820", "How variable clones build an invariant retina.", "A fundamental question in developmental neuroscience is how a collection of progenitor cells proliferates and differentiates to create a brain of the appropriate size and cellular composition. To address this issue, we devised lineage-trac...
22958820	How variable clones build an invariant retina.	A fundamental question in developmental neuroscience is how a collection of progenitor cells proliferates and differentiates to create a brain of the appropriate size and cellular composition. To address this issue, we devised lineage-tracing assays in developing zebrafish embryos to reconstruct entire retinal lineage ...	[ [ "9222381", "Molecular mimicry between HIV-1 gp41 and an astrocyte isoform of alpha-actinin.", "A 100-kDa astrocyte antigen previously shown to cross-react with a monoclonal antibody (MAb) generated against amino acids (aa) 598 to 609 of the transmembrane protein gp41 of human immunodeficiency virus ty...	[ [ "23227112", "A Social Neuroscience Perspective on Stress and Health.", "Psychological stress is a major risk factor for the development and progression of a number of diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, arthritis, and major depression. A growing body of research suggests that long-term...
21345429	Challenging the supremacy of the frontal lobe: early views (1906-1909) of Christfried Jakob on the human cerebral cortex.	This article focuses on a series of six studies that address functional localization in the frontal lobe; they were published in Argentina between 1906 and 1909 by Christfried Jakob (1866-1956), one of the great thinkers in early 20th century neuropathology and neurophilosophy. At that time, the localization-holism con...	[ [ "21896369", "The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010.", "To provide 12-month prevalence and disability burden estimates of a broad range of mental and neurological disorders in the European Union (EU) and to compare these findings to previous estimates. ...	[ [ "23110153", "Prediction of muscle activities from electrocorticograms in primary motor cortex of primates.", "Electrocorticography (ECoG) has drawn attention as an effective recording approach for brain-machine interfaces (BMI). Previous studies have succeeded in classifying movement intention and pre...
23428079	Capturing specific abilities as a window into human individuality: the example of face recognition.	Proper characterization of each individual's unique pattern of strengths and weaknesses requires good measures of diverse abilities. Here, we advocate combining our growing understanding of neural and cognitive mechanisms with modern psychometric methods in a renewed effort to capture human individuality through a cons...	[ [ "15831717", "Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo.", "Microglial cells represent the immune system of the mammalian brain and therefore are critically involved in various injuries and diseases. Little is known about their role in the healthy brain and th...	[ [ "22946114", "Giuseppe Ferrario and the epidemiology of apoplexy during the 19th century.", "To analyze the pioneering research of Giuseppe Ferrario (1802-1870) on the epidemiology of apoplexy. To our knowledge, his work might have been the first to systematically investigate the epidemiology of cerebr...

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Check out the documentation for more information.

Jerjes/neuro-specter2-sample-data

This dataset contains anchor papers with their top-K most similar (positive) and most dissimilar (negative) papers based on SPECTER2 embeddings.

Dataset Structure

Each row contains:

anchor_id: Unique identifier for the anchor paper
anchor_title: Title of the anchor paper
anchor_abstract: Abstract of the anchor paper
positive_pool: List of 5 most similar papers, each as [id, title, abstract]
negative_pool: List of 5 most dissimilar papers, each as [id, title, abstract]

Dataset Statistics

Total anchors: 288
Positives per anchor: 5
Negatives per anchor: 5
Embedding model: allenai/specter2_base

Usage

from datasets import load_dataset

dataset = load_dataset("Jerjes/neuro-specter2-sample-data")

# Access a sample
sample = dataset["train"][0]
print(f"Anchor: {sample['anchor_title']}")
print(f"Top positive: {sample['positive_pool'][0][1]}")  # title of most similar paper
print(f"Top negative: {sample['negative_pool'][0][1]}")  # title of most dissimilar paper

Citation

If you use this dataset, please cite the original SPECTER2 paper:

@inproceedings{specter2,
    title={SPECTER2: Better Scientific Paper Representations Through Augmented Word Embeddings},
    author={Pradeep Dasigi and Kyle Lo and Iz Beltagy and Arman Cohan and Noah A. Smith and Matt Gardner},
    booktitle={Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
    year={2021}
}

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