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2411.16349
Machine learning for cerebral blood vessels' malformations
[ "cs.LG", "cond-mat.stat-mech", "q-bio.QM" ]
Cerebral aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations are life-threatening hemodynamic pathologies of the brain. While surgical intervention is often essential to prevent fatal outcomes, it carries significant risks both during the procedure and in the postoperative period, making the management of these conditions highly...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 1, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.16353
The Two-Hop Curse: LLMs trained on A$\rightarrow$B, B$\rightarrow$C fail to learn A$\rightarrow$C
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI" ]
[Notice: This version is outdated. Recent research contradicts some key claims; we are working on a major revision with more nuanced analysis. Please wait for the updated version.] While LLMs excel at multi-hop questions (e.g. "Who is the spouse of the performer of Imagine?") when using chain-of-thought reasoning (Co...
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2411.16354
Scalable Parameter Design for Superconducting Quantum Circuits with Graph Neural Networks
[ "quant-ph", "cs.AI" ]
To demonstrate supremacy of quantum computing, increasingly large-scale superconducting quantum computing chips are being designed and fabricated. However, the complexity of simulating quantum systems poses a significant challenge to computer-aided design of quantum chips, especially for large-scale chips. Harnessing t...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 1, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.16365
Multi-modal Retrieval Augmented Multi-modal Generation: Datasets, Evaluation Metrics and Strong Baselines
[ "cs.CL" ]
We present a systematic investigation of Multi-modal Retrieval Augmented Multi-modal Generation (M$^2$RAG), a novel task that enables foundation models to process multi-modal web content and generate multi-modal responses, which exhibits better information density and readability. Despite its potential impact, M$^2$RAG...
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2411.16370
A Review of Bayesian Uncertainty Quantification in Deep Probabilistic Image Segmentation
[ "cs.CV", "cs.AI", "cs.LG", "eess.IV", "stat.ML" ]
Advancements in image segmentation play an integral role within the broad scope of Deep Learning-based Computer Vision. Furthermore, their widespread applicability in critical real-world tasks has resulted in challenges related to the reliability of such algorithms. Hence, uncertainty quantification has been extensivel...
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2411.16375
Ca2-VDM: Efficient Autoregressive Video Diffusion Model with Causal Generation and Cache Sharing
[ "cs.CV" ]
With the advance of diffusion models, today's video generation has achieved impressive quality. To extend the generation length and facilitate real-world applications, a majority of video diffusion models (VDMs) generate videos in an autoregressive manner, i.e., generating subsequent clips conditioned on the last frame...
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2411.16380
Privacy-Preserving Federated Foundation Model for Generalist Ultrasound Artificial Intelligence
[ "eess.IV", "cs.AI", "cs.CV" ]
Ultrasound imaging is widely used in clinical diagnosis due to its non-invasive nature and real-time capabilities. However, conventional ultrasound diagnostics face several limitations, including high dependence on physician expertise and suboptimal image quality, which complicates interpretation and increases the like...
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2411.16387
FineWeb-zhtw: Scalable Curation of Traditional Chinese Text Data from the Web
[ "cs.CL", "cs.DB" ]
The quality and size of a pretraining dataset significantly influence the performance of large language models (LLMs). While there have been numerous efforts in the curation of such a dataset for English users, there is a relative lack of similar initiatives for Traditional Chinese. Building upon this foundation of Fin...
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2411.16391
Human-Calibrated Automated Testing and Validation of Generative Language Models
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI" ]
This paper introduces a comprehensive framework for the evaluation and validation of generative language models (GLMs), with a focus on Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems deployed in high-stakes domains such as banking. GLM evaluation is challenging due to open-ended outputs and subjective quality assessments...
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2411.16392
Quadratic Gaussian Splatting for Efficient and Detailed Surface Reconstruction
[ "cs.CV" ]
Recently, 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has attracted attention for its superior rendering quality and speed over Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF). To address 3DGS's limitations in surface representation, 2D Gaussian Splatting (2DGS) introduced disks as scene primitives to model and reconstruct geometries from multi-view i...
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2411.16396
Statistical inference for quantum singular models
[ "quant-ph", "cs.LG", "math.AG", "stat.ML" ]
Deep learning has seen substantial achievements, with numerical and theoretical evidence suggesting that singularities of statistical models are considered a contributing factor to its performance. From this remarkable success of classical statistical models, it is naturally expected that quantum singular models will p...
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2411.16403
Adapter-based Approaches to Knowledge-enhanced Language Models -- A Survey
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI" ]
Knowledge-enhanced language models (KELMs) have emerged as promising tools to bridge the gap between large-scale language models and domain-specific knowledge. KELMs can achieve higher factual accuracy and mitigate hallucinations by leveraging knowledge graphs (KGs). They are frequently combined with adapter modules to...
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2411.16405
Synthesising Handwritten Music with GANs: A Comprehensive Evaluation of CycleWGAN, ProGAN, and DCGAN
[ "cs.CV", "cs.AI", "eess.IV" ]
The generation of handwritten music sheets is a crucial step toward enhancing Optical Music Recognition (OMR) systems, which rely on large and diverse datasets for optimal performance. However, handwritten music sheets, often found in archives, present challenges for digitisation due to their fragility, varied handwrit...
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2411.16407
A Study on Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Semantic Segmentation in the Era of Vision-Language Models
[ "cs.CV", "cs.AI" ]
Despite the recent progress in deep learning based computer vision, domain shifts are still one of the major challenges. Semantic segmentation for autonomous driving faces a wide range of domain shifts, e.g. caused by changing weather conditions, new geolocations and the frequent use of synthetic data in model training...
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2411.16408
Low-Data Classification of Historical Music Manuscripts: A Few-Shot Learning Approach
[ "cs.IR", "cs.AI", "cs.CV" ]
In this paper, we explore the intersection of technology and cultural preservation by developing a self-supervised learning framework for the classification of musical symbols in historical manuscripts. Optical Music Recognition (OMR) plays a vital role in digitising and preserving musical heritage, but historical docu...
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2411.16417
Comparison of Generative Learning Methods for Turbulence Modeling
[ "physics.flu-dyn", "cs.CV" ]
Numerical simulations of turbulent flows present significant challenges in fluid dynamics due to their complexity and high computational cost. High resolution techniques such as Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) and Large Eddy Simulation (LES) are generally not computationally affordable, particularly for technological...
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2411.16420
Structured Tensor Decomposition Based Channel Estimation and Double Refinements for Active RIS Empowered Broadband Systems
[ "cs.IT", "eess.SP", "math.IT" ]
Channel parameter recovery is critical for the next-generation reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-empowered communications and sensing. Tensor-based mechanisms are particularly effective, inherently capturing the multi-dimensional nature of wireless channels. However, existing studies assume either a line-of-sigh...
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2411.16421
Machine Learning for the Digital Typhoon Dataset: Extensions to Multiple Basins and New Developments in Representations and Tasks
[ "cs.CV", "cs.LG" ]
This paper presents the Digital Typhoon Dataset V2, a new version of the longest typhoon satellite image dataset for 40+ years aimed at benchmarking machine learning models for long-term spatio-temporal data. The new addition in Dataset V2 is tropical cyclone data from the southern hemisphere, in addition to the northe...
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2411.16422
Turbofan Engine Remaining Useful Life (RUL) Prediction Based on Bi-Directional Long Short-Term Memory (BLSTM)
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI", "eess.SP" ]
The aviation industry is rapidly evolving, driven by advancements in technology. Turbofan engines used in commercial aerospace are very complex systems. The majority of turbofan engine components are susceptible to degradation over the life of their operation. Turbofan engine degradation has an impact to engine perform...
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2411.16425
TopV-Nav: Unlocking the Top-View Spatial Reasoning Potential of MLLM for Zero-shot Object Navigation
[ "cs.CV", "cs.AI", "cs.RO" ]
The Zero-Shot Object Navigation (ZSON) task requires embodied agents to find a previously unseen object by navigating in unfamiliar environments. Such a goal-oriented exploration heavily relies on the ability to perceive, understand, and reason based on the spatial information of the environment. However, current LLM-b...
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2411.16427
Unsupervised Event Outlier Detection in Continuous Time
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI" ]
Event sequence data record the occurrences of events in continuous time. Event sequence forecasting based on temporal point processes (TPPs) has been extensively studied, but outlier or anomaly detection, especially without any supervision from humans, is still underexplored. In this work, we develop, to the best our k...
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2411.16433
Finding Structure in Language Models
[ "cs.CL" ]
When we speak, write or listen, we continuously make predictions based on our knowledge of a language's grammar. Remarkably, children acquire this grammatical knowledge within just a few years, enabling them to understand and generalise to novel constructions that have never been uttered before. Language models are pow...
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2411.16437
Privacy Protection in Personalized Diffusion Models via Targeted Cross-Attention Adversarial Attack
[ "cs.CV", "cs.LG" ]
The growing demand for customized visual content has led to the rise of personalized text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models. Despite their remarkable potential, they pose significant privacy risk when misused for malicious purposes. In this paper, we propose a novel and efficient adversarial attack method, Concept Protec...
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2411.16438
Harnessing Superclasses for Learning from Hierarchical Databases
[ "cs.CV", "stat.ML" ]
In many large-scale classification problems, classes are organized in a known hierarchy, typically represented as a tree expressing the inclusion of classes in superclasses. We introduce a loss for this type of supervised hierarchical classification. It utilizes the knowledge of the hierarchy to assign each example not...
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2411.16440
AnonyNoise: Anonymizing Event Data with Smart Noise to Outsmart Re-Identification and Preserve Privacy
[ "cs.CV" ]
The increasing capabilities of deep neural networks for re-identification, combined with the rise in public surveillance in recent years, pose a substantial threat to individual privacy. Event cameras were initially considered as a promising solution since their output is sparse and therefore difficult for humans to in...
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2411.16441
Shortest Path Lengths in Poisson Line Cox Processes: Approximations and Applications
[ "cs.IT", "math.IT", "stat.AP" ]
We derive exact expressions for the shortest path length to a point of a Poisson line Cox process (PLCP) from the typical point of the PLCP and from the typical intersection of the underlying Poisson line process (PLP), restricted to a single turn. For the two turns case, we derive a bound on the shortest path length f...
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2411.16442
TIFeD: a Tiny Integer-based Federated learning algorithm with Direct feedback alignment
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI" ]
Training machine and deep learning models directly on extremely resource-constrained devices is the next challenge in the field of tiny machine learning. The related literature in this field is very limited, since most of the solutions focus only on on-device inference or model adaptation through online learning, leavi...
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2411.16443
SplatFlow: Multi-View Rectified Flow Model for 3D Gaussian Splatting Synthesis
[ "cs.CV" ]
Text-based generation and editing of 3D scenes hold significant potential for streamlining content creation through intuitive user interactions. While recent advances leverage 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) for high-fidelity and real-time rendering, existing methods are often specialized and task-focused, lacking a unifi...
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2411.16445
Plastic Arbor: a modern simulation framework for synaptic plasticity $\unicode{x2013}$ from single synapses to networks of morphological neurons
[ "cs.CE", "cs.NE", "q-bio.NC" ]
Arbor is a software library designed for efficient simulation of large-scale networks of biological neurons with detailed morphological structures. It combines customizable neuronal and synaptic mechanisms with high-performance computing, supporting multi-core CPU and GPU systems. In humans and other animals, synapti...
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2411.16446
VQ-SGen: A Vector Quantized Stroke Representation for Sketch Generation
[ "cs.CV", "cs.GR" ]
This paper presents VQ-SGen, a novel algorithm for high-quality sketch generation. Recent approaches have often framed the task as pixel-based generation either as a whole or part-by-part, neglecting the intrinsic and contextual relationships among individual strokes, such as the shape and spatial positioning of both p...
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2411.16447
Model-based reinforcement corrosion prediction: Continuous calibration with Bayesian optimization and corrosion wire sensor data
[ "cs.CE" ]
Chloride-induced corrosion significantly contributes to the degradation of reinforced concrete structures, making accurate predictions of chloride migration and its effects on material durability critical. This paper explores two modeling approaches to estimate the effective diffusion coefficient for chloride transport...
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2411.16454
Learning by Analogy: Enhancing Few-Shot Prompting for Math Word Problem Solving with Computational Graph-Based Retrieval
[ "cs.CL" ]
Large language models (LLMs) are known to struggle with complicated reasoning tasks such as math word problems (MWPs). In this paper, we present how analogy from similarly structured questions can improve LLMs' problem-solving capabilities for MWPs. Specifically, we rely on the retrieval of problems with similar comput...
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2411.16457
Characterized Diffusion Networks for Enhanced Autonomous Driving Trajectory Prediction
[ "cs.RO", "cs.AI" ]
In this paper, we present a novel trajectory prediction model for autonomous driving, combining a Characterized Diffusion Module and a Spatial-Temporal Interaction Network to address the challenges posed by dynamic and heterogeneous traffic environments. Our model enhances the accuracy and reliability of trajectory pre...
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2411.16458
On the Reconstruction of Training Data from Group Invariant Networks
[ "cs.LG" ]
Reconstructing training data from trained neural networks is an active area of research with significant implications for privacy and explainability. Recent advances have demonstrated the feasibility of this process for several data types. However, reconstructing data from group-invariant neural networks poses distinct...
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2411.16462
Lion Cub: Minimizing Communication Overhead in Distributed Lion
[ "cs.LG", "cs.DC" ]
Communication overhead is a key challenge in distributed deep learning, especially on slower Ethernet interconnects, and given current hardware trends, communication is likely to become a major bottleneck. While gradient compression techniques have been explored for SGD and Adam, the Lion optimizer has the distinct adv...
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2411.16464
Generating social networks with static and dynamic utility-maximization approaches
[ "math.PR", "cs.SI", "physics.soc-ph" ]
In this paper, we introduce a conceptual framework that model human social networks as an undirected dot-product graph of independent individuals. Their relationships are only determined by a cost-benefit analysis, i.e. by maximizing an objective function at the scale of the individual or of the whole network. On this ...
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2411.16466
No Identity, no problem: Motion through detection for people tracking
[ "cs.CV", "cs.LG" ]
Tracking-by-detection has become the de facto standard approach to people tracking. To increase robustness, some approaches incorporate re-identification using appearance models and regressing motion offset, which requires costly identity annotations. In this paper, we propose exploiting motion clues while providing su...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 1, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 1, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.16468
Efficient Video Face Enhancement with Enhanced Spatial-Temporal Consistency
[ "cs.CV" ]
As a very common type of video, face videos often appear in movies, talk shows, live broadcasts, and other scenes. Real-world online videos are often plagued by degradations such as blurring and quantization noise, due to the high compression ratio caused by high communication costs and limited transmission bandwidth. ...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 1, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.16475
NonSysId: A nonlinear system identification package with improved model term selection for NARMAX models
[ "eess.SY", "cs.LG", "cs.SY" ]
System identification involves constructing mathematical models of dynamic systems using input-output data, enabling analysis and prediction of system behaviour in both time and frequency domains. This approach can model the entire system or capture specific dynamics within it. For meaningful analysis, it is essential ...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 1, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 1 }
2411.16477
Distributed Online Optimization with Stochastic Agent Availability
[ "cs.LG" ]
Motivated by practical federated learning settings where clients may not be always available, we investigate a variant of distributed online optimization where agents are active with a known probability $p$ at each time step, and communication between neighboring agents can only take place if they are both active. We i...
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2411.16478
Distributed, communication-efficient, and differentially private estimation of KL divergence
[ "cs.LG", "cs.DB" ]
A key task in managing distributed, sensitive data is to measure the extent to which a distribution changes. Understanding this drift can effectively support a variety of federated learning and analytics tasks. However, in many practical settings sharing such information can be undesirable (e.g., for privacy concerns) ...
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2411.16479
Safety-Critical Controller Synthesis with Reduced-Order Models
[ "eess.SY", "cs.RO", "cs.SY" ]
Reduced-order models (ROMs) provide lower dimensional representations of complex systems, capturing their salient features while simplifying control design. Building on previous work, this paper presents an overarching framework for the integration of ROMs and control barrier functions, enabling the use of simplified m...
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2411.16481
Deformable Mamba for Wide Field of View Segmentation
[ "cs.CV" ]
Wide-FoV cameras, like fisheye and panoramic setups, are essential for broader perception but introduce significant distortions in 180{\deg} and 360{\deg} images, complicating dense prediction tasks. For instance, existing MAMBA models lacking distortion-aware capacity cannot perform well in panoramic semantic segmenta...
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2411.16483
Graph Transformer Networks for Accurate Band Structure Prediction: An End-to-End Approach
[ "cond-mat.mtrl-sci", "cs.LG" ]
Predicting electronic band structures from crystal structures is crucial for understanding structure-property correlations in materials science. First-principles approaches are accurate but computationally intensive. Recent years, machine learning (ML) has been extensively applied to this field, while existing ML model...
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2411.16487
When Babies Teach Babies: Can student knowledge sharing outperform Teacher-Guided Distillation on small datasets?
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI" ]
We present our submission to the BabyLM challenge, aiming to push the boundaries of data-efficient language model pretraining. Our method builds upon deep mutual learning, introducing a student model search for diverse initialization. We address the limitation of treating students equally by formulating weighted mutual...
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2411.16489
O1 Replication Journey -- Part 2: Surpassing O1-preview through Simple Distillation, Big Progress or Bitter Lesson?
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI" ]
This paper presents a critical examination of current approaches to replicating OpenAI's O1 model capabilities, with particular focus on the widespread but often undisclosed use of knowledge distillation techniques. While our previous work explored the fundamental technical path to O1 replication, this study reveals ho...
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2411.16495
AtomR: Atomic Operator-Empowered Large Language Models for Heterogeneous Knowledge Reasoning
[ "cs.CL" ]
Despite the outstanding capabilities of large language models (LLMs), knowledge-intensive reasoning still remains a challenging task due to LLMs' limitations in compositional reasoning and the hallucination problem. A prevalent solution is to employ chain-of-thought (CoT) with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), whic...
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2411.16496
USRP-Based Single Anchor Positioning: AoA with 5G Uplink Signals, and UWB Ranging
[ "eess.SP", "cs.SY", "eess.SY" ]
This paper presents a novel testbed designed for 5th-Generation (5G) positioning using Universal Software Radio Peripherals (USRPs). The testbed integrates multiple units: an Operation Unit for test management, a User Unit equipped with an Ettus E312 USRP, and a Station Unit featuring an Ettus N310 USRP equipped with a...
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2411.16498
Multi-Resolution Generative Modeling of Human Motion from Limited Data
[ "cs.CV", "cs.GR", "cs.LG" ]
We present a generative model that learns to synthesize human motion from limited training sequences. Our framework provides conditional generation and blending across multiple temporal resolutions. The model adeptly captures human motion patterns by integrating skeletal convolution layers and a multi-scale architectur...
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2411.16502
Interpreting Language Reward Models via Contrastive Explanations
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI" ]
Reward models (RMs) are a crucial component in the alignment of large language models' (LLMs) outputs with human values. RMs approximate human preferences over possible LLM responses to the same prompt by predicting and comparing reward scores. However, as they are typically modified versions of LLMs with scalar output...
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2411.16503
Noise Diffusion for Enhancing Semantic Faithfulness in Text-to-Image Synthesis
[ "cs.CV" ]
Diffusion models have achieved impressive success in generating photorealistic images, but challenges remain in ensuring precise semantic alignment with input prompts. Optimizing the initial noisy latent offers a more efficient alternative to modifying model architectures or prompt engineering for improving semantic al...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 1, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.16506
Online Guidance Graph Optimization for Lifelong Multi-Agent Path Finding
[ "cs.MA" ]
We study the problem of optimizing a guidance policy capable of dynamically guiding the agents for lifelong Multi-Agent Path Finding based on real-time traffic patterns. Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) focuses on moving multiple agents from their starts to goals without collisions. Its lifelong variant, LMAPF, continuo...
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2411.16508
All Languages Matter: Evaluating LMMs on Culturally Diverse 100 Languages
[ "cs.CV", "cs.CL" ]
Existing Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) generally focus on only a few regions and languages. As LMMs continue to improve, it is increasingly important to ensure they understand cultural contexts, respect local sensitivities, and support low-resource languages, all while effectively integrating corresponding visual cues...
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2411.16509
Jaya R Package -- A Parameter-Free Solution for Advanced Single and Multi-Objective Optimization
[ "cs.MS", "cs.LG" ]
The Jaya R package offers a robust and versatile implementation of the parameter-free Jaya optimization algorithm, suitable for solving both single-objective and multi-objective optimization problems. By integrating advanced features such as constraint handling, adaptive population management, Pareto front tracking for...
{ "Other": 1, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 1, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.16511
Use-Inspired Mobile Robot to Improve Safety of Building Retrofit Workforce in Constrained Spaces
[ "cs.RO" ]
The inspection of confined critical infrastructure such as attics or crawlspaces is challenging for human operators due to insufficient task space, limited visibility, and the presence of hazardous materials. This paper introduces a prototype of PARIS (Precision Application Robot for Inaccessible Spaces): a use-inspire...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 1, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.16512
Guarding the Gate: ConceptGuard Battles Concept-Level Backdoors in Concept Bottleneck Models
[ "cs.CR", "cs.CV" ]
The increasing complexity of AI models, especially in deep learning, has raised concerns about transparency and accountability, particularly in high-stakes applications like medical diagnostics, where opaque models can undermine trust. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to address these issues by providing ...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 1, "cs.CV": 1, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.16515
PriorPath: Coarse-To-Fine Approach for Controlled De-Novo Pathology Semantic Masks Generation
[ "eess.IV", "cs.CV" ]
Incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) into digital pathology offers promising prospects for automating and enhancing tasks such as image analysis and diagnostic processes. However, the diversity of tissue samples and the necessity for meticulous image labeling often result in biased datasets, constraining the appl...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 1, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.16523
LaB-RAG: Label Boosted Retrieval Augmented Generation for Radiology Report Generation
[ "cs.CV", "cs.CL" ]
In the current paradigm of image captioning, deep learning models are trained to generate text from image embeddings of latent features. We challenge the assumption that these latent features ought to be high-dimensional vectors which require model fine tuning to handle. Here we propose Label Boosted Retrieval Augmente...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 1, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 1, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.16525
Fundamental Limits of Prompt Tuning Transformers: Universality, Capacity and Efficiency
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI", "cs.CL", "stat.ML" ]
We investigate the statistical and computational limits of prompt tuning for transformer-based foundation models. Our key contributions are prompt tuning on \textit{single-head} transformers with only a \textit{single} self-attention layer: (i) is universal, and (ii) supports efficient (even almost-linear time) algorit...
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2411.16527
Profiling Bias in LLMs: Stereotype Dimensions in Contextual Word Embeddings
[ "cs.CL" ]
Large language models (LLMs) are the foundation of the current successes of artificial intelligence (AI), however, they are unavoidably biased. To effectively communicate the risks and encourage mitigation efforts these models need adequate and intuitive descriptions of their discriminatory properties, appropriate for ...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 1, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.16532
Continual Deep Reinforcement Learning with Task-Agnostic Policy Distillation
[ "cs.LG" ]
Central to the development of universal learning systems is the ability to solve multiple tasks without retraining from scratch when new data arrives. This is crucial because each task requires significant training time. Addressing the problem of continual learning necessitates various methods due to the complexity of ...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 1, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.16537
RoboSpatial: Teaching Spatial Understanding to 2D and 3D Vision-Language Models for Robotics
[ "cs.CV", "cs.AI", "cs.CL", "cs.RO" ]
Spatial understanding is a crucial capability for robots to make grounded decisions based on their environment. This foundational skill enables robots not only to perceive their surroundings but also to reason about and interact meaningfully within the world. In modern robotics, these capabilities are taken on by visua...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 1, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 1, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 1, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 1, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.16549
Transformers are Deep Optimizers: Provable In-Context Learning for Deep Model Training
[ "cs.LG" ]
We investigate the transformer's capability for in-context learning (ICL) to simulate the training process of deep models. Our key contribution is providing a positive example of using a transformer to train a deep neural network by gradient descent in an implicit fashion via ICL. Specifically, we provide an explicit c...
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2411.16550
Representation Collapsing Problems in Vector Quantization
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI" ]
Vector quantization is a technique in machine learning that discretizes continuous representations into a set of discrete vectors. It is widely employed in tokenizing data representations for large language models, diffusion models, and other generative models. Despite its prevalence, the characteristics and behaviors ...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 1, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 1, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.16552
When Is Heterogeneity Actionable for Personalization?
[ "stat.AP", "cs.LG", "econ.EM", "stat.ME", "stat.ML" ]
Targeting and personalization policies can be used to improve outcomes beyond the uniform policy that assigns the best performing treatment in an A/B test to everyone. Personalization relies on the presence of heterogeneity of treatment effects, yet, as we show in this paper, heterogeneity alone is not sufficient for p...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 1, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.16554
Generating Out-Of-Distribution Scenarios Using Language Models
[ "cs.LG", "cs.CV" ]
The deployment of autonomous vehicles controlled by machine learning techniques requires extensive testing in diverse real-world environments, robust handling of edge cases and out-of-distribution scenarios, and comprehensive safety validation to ensure that these systems can navigate safely and effectively under unpre...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 1, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 1, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.16556
Anomaly Detection and RFI Classification with Unsupervised Learning in Narrowband Radio Technosignature Searches
[ "astro-ph.IM", "cs.LG" ]
The search for radio technosignatures is an anomaly detection problem: candidate signals represent needles of interest in the proverbial haystack of radio-frequency interference (RFI). Current search frameworks find an enormity of false-positive signals, especially in large surveys, requiring manual follow-up to a some...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 1, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.16557
Polarization under the Channel Noise with Memory
[ "cs.IT", "eess.SP", "math.IT" ]
The channel polarization under the channel noise with memory is comprehensively studied. With the help of the genie-aided channel, we prove that the polarized channels also converge to extremal channels under the standard polar codes structure. More importantly, the ratio of the perfect channel can be larger than $I(W)...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 1, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.16560
Quantum Circuit Training with Growth-Based Architectures
[ "quant-ph", "cs.LG" ]
This study introduces growth-based training strategies that incrementally increase parameterized quantum circuit (PQC) depth during training, mitigating overfitting and managing model complexity dynamically. We develop three distinct methods: Block Growth, Sequential Feature Map Growth, and Interleave Feature Map Growt...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 1, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.16561
EnStack: An Ensemble Stacking Framework of Large Language Models for Enhanced Vulnerability Detection in Source Code
[ "cs.SE", "cs.CL" ]
Automated detection of software vulnerabilities is critical for enhancing security, yet existing methods often struggle with the complexity and diversity of modern codebases. In this paper, we introduce EnStack, a novel ensemble stacking framework that enhances vulnerability detection using natural language processing ...
{ "Other": 1, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 1, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.16566
Dampening parameter distributional shifts under robust control and gain scheduling
[ "eess.SY", "cs.SY", "math.OC" ]
Many traditional robust control approaches assume linearity of the system and independence between the system state-input and the parameters of its approximant low-order model. This assumption implies that robust control design introduces no distributional shifts in the parameters of this low-order model. This is gener...
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2411.16567
Enhancing Few-Shot Learning with Integrated Data and GAN Model Approaches
[ "cs.LG" ]
This paper presents an innovative approach to enhancing few-shot learning by integrating data augmentation with model fine-tuning in a framework designed to tackle the challenges posed by small-sample data. Recognizing the critical limitations of traditional machine learning models that require large datasets-especiall...
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2411.16568
J-CaPA : Joint Channel and Pyramid Attention Improves Medical Image Segmentation
[ "cs.CV" ]
Medical image segmentation is crucial for diagnosis and treatment planning. Traditional CNN-based models, like U-Net, have shown promising results but struggle to capture long-range dependencies and global context. To address these limitations, we propose a transformer-based architecture that jointly applies Channel At...
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2411.16573
Deriving Analytical Solutions Using Symbolic Matrix Structural Analysis: Part 2 -- Plane Trusses
[ "cs.CE", "cs.NA", "math.NA" ]
This study extends the use of symbolic computation in Matrix Structural Analysis (MSA) to plane (2D) trusses, building on previous work that focused on continuous beams. An open-source MATLAB program, hosted on GitHub, was developed to perform symbolic analysis of 2D trusses under point loads for any configuration. Usi...
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2411.16574
Naive Algorithmic Collusion: When Do Bandit Learners Cooperate and When Do They Compete?
[ "econ.GN", "cs.AI", "cs.GT", "cs.MA", "q-fin.EC" ]
Algorithmic agents are used in a variety of competitive decision settings, notably in making pricing decisions in contexts that range from online retail to residential home rentals. Business managers, algorithm designers, legal scholars, and regulators alike are all starting to consider the ramifications of "algorithmi...
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2411.16575
Rethinking Diffusion for Text-Driven Human Motion Generation
[ "cs.CV" ]
Since 2023, Vector Quantization (VQ)-based discrete generation methods have rapidly dominated human motion generation, primarily surpassing diffusion-based continuous generation methods in standard performance metrics. However, VQ-based methods have inherent limitations. Representing continuous motion data as limited d...
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2411.16579
Enhancing LLM Reasoning via Critique Models with Test-Time and Training-Time Supervision
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI", "cs.LG" ]
Training large language models (LLMs) to spend more time thinking and reflection before responding is crucial for effectively solving complex reasoning tasks in fields such as science, coding, and mathematics. However, the effectiveness of mechanisms like self-reflection and self-correction depends on the model's capac...
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2411.16586
Alpha Entropy Search for New Information-based Bayesian Optimization
[ "stat.ML", "cs.LG" ]
Bayesian optimization (BO) methods based on information theory have obtained state-of-the-art results in several tasks. These techniques heavily rely on the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence to compute the acquisition function. In this work, we introduce a novel information-based class of acquisition functions for BO ca...
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2411.16587
Large Language Model-based Decision-making for COLREGs and the Control of Autonomous Surface Vehicles
[ "cs.RO", "cs.SY", "eess.SY" ]
In the field of autonomous surface vehicles (ASVs), devising decision-making and obstacle avoidance solutions that address maritime COLREGs (Collision Regulations), primarily defined for human operators, has long been a pressing challenge. Recent advancements in explainable Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine lear...
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2411.16591
Adversarial Attacks for Drift Detection
[ "cs.LG", "stat.ML" ]
Concept drift refers to the change of data distributions over time. While drift poses a challenge for learning models, requiring their continual adaption, it is also relevant in system monitoring to detect malfunctions, system failures, and unexpected behavior. In the latter case, the robust and reliable detection of d...
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2411.16594
From Generation to Judgment: Opportunities and Challenges of LLM-as-a-judge
[ "cs.AI", "cs.CL" ]
Assessment and evaluation have long been critical challenges in artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing (NLP). However, traditional methods, whether matching-based or embedding-based, often fall short of judging subtle attributes and delivering satisfactory results. Recent advancements in Large Lan...
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2411.16595
Location-Based Service (LBS) Data Quality Metrics and Effects on Mobility Inference
[ "cs.CE" ]
Today, GPS-equipped mobile devices are ubiquitous, and they generate Location-Based Service (LBS) data, which has become a critical resource for understanding human mobility. However, inherent limitations in LBS datasets, primarily characterized by discontinuity and sparsity, may introduce significant biases in represe...
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2411.16596
Bivariate Linear Operator Codes
[ "cs.IT", "math.IT" ]
In this work, we present a generalization of the linear operator family of codes that captures more codes that achieve list decoding capacity. Linear operator (LO) codes were introduced by Bhandari, Harsha, Kumar, and Sudan [BHKS24] as a way to capture capacity-achieving codes. In their framework, a code is specified b...
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2411.16598
DiffBreak: Breaking Diffusion-Based Purification with Adaptive Attacks
[ "cs.CR", "cs.CV", "cs.LG" ]
Diffusion-based purification (DBP) has emerged as a cornerstone defense against adversarial examples (AEs), widely regarded as robust due to its use of diffusion models (DMs) that project AEs onto the natural data distribution. However, contrary to prior assumptions, we theoretically prove that adaptive gradient-based ...
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2411.16600
Approximation Algorithms for Combinatorial Optimization with Predictions
[ "cs.DS", "cs.LG" ]
We initiate a systematic study of utilizing predictions to improve over approximation guarantees of classic algorithms, without increasing the running time. We propose a systematic method for a wide class of optimization problems that ask to select a feasible subset of input items of minimal (or maximal) total weight. ...
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2411.16602
Chat2SVG: Vector Graphics Generation with Large Language Models and Image Diffusion Models
[ "cs.CV", "cs.GR" ]
Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) has become the de facto standard for vector graphics in digital design, offering resolution independence and precise control over individual elements. Despite their advantages, creating high-quality SVG content remains challenging, as it demands technical expertise with professional editi...
{ "Other": 1, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 1, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.16605
Extensions of the Path-integral formula for computation of Koopman eigenfunctions
[ "eess.SY", "cs.SY", "math.DS" ]
Representing nonlinear dynamical systems using the Koopman Operator and its spectrum has distinct advantages in terms of linear interpretability of the model as well as in analysis and control synthesis through the use of well-studied techniques from linear systems theory. As such, efficient computation of Koopman eige...
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2411.16608
Barriers on the EDGE: A scalable CBF architecture over EDGE for safe aerial-ground multi-agent coordination
[ "cs.RO", "cs.SY", "eess.SY" ]
In this article, we address the problem of designing a scalable control architecture for a safe coordinated operation of a multi-agent system with aerial (UAVs) and ground robots (UGVs) in a confined task space. The proposed method uses Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) to impose constraints associated with (i) collisio...
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2411.16609
F -- A Model of Events based on the Foundational Ontology DOLCE+DnS Ultralite
[ "cs.AI" ]
The lack of a formal model of events hinders interoperability in distributed event-based systems. In this paper, we present a formal model of events, called Event-Model-F. The model is based on the foundational ontology DOLCE+DnS Ultralite (DUL) and provides comprehensive support to represent time and space, objects an...
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2411.16613
Recent Trends in Linear Text Segmentation: a Survey
[ "cs.CL" ]
Linear Text Segmentation is the task of automatically tagging text documents with topic shifts, i.e. the places in the text where the topics change. A well-established area of research in Natural Language Processing, drawing from well-understood concepts in linguistic and computational linguistic research, the field ha...
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2411.16615
Graph Pooling by Local Cluster Selection
[ "cs.LG" ]
Graph pooling is a family of operations which take graphs as input and produce shrinked graphs as output. Modern graph pooling methods are trainable and, in general inserted in Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) architectures as graph shrinking operators along the (deep) processing pipeline. This work proposes a novel proced...
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2411.16616
GeoFormer: A Multi-Polygon Segmentation Transformer
[ "cs.CV" ]
In remote sensing there exists a common need for learning scale invariant shapes of objects like buildings. Prior works relies on tweaking multiple loss functions to convert segmentation maps into the final scale invariant representation, necessitating arduous design and optimization. For this purpose we introduce the ...
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2411.16618
StructFormer: Document Structure-based Masked Attention and its Impact on Language Model Pre-Training
[ "cs.CL" ]
Most state-of-the-art techniques for Language Models (LMs) today rely on transformer-based architectures and their ubiquitous attention mechanism. However, the exponential growth in computational requirements with longer input sequences confines Transformers to handling short passages. Recent efforts have aimed to addr...
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2411.16619
Human-Activity AGV Quality Assessment: A Benchmark Dataset and an Objective Evaluation Metric
[ "cs.CV" ]
AI-driven video generation techniques have made significant progress in recent years. However, AI-generated videos (AGVs) involving human activities often exhibit substantial visual and semantic distortions, hindering the practical application of video generation technologies in real-world scenarios. To address this ch...
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2411.16622
Imperceptible Adversarial Examples in the Physical World
[ "cs.CV", "cs.AI" ]
Adversarial examples in the digital domain against deep learning-based computer vision models allow for perturbations that are imperceptible to human eyes. However, producing similar adversarial examples in the physical world has been difficult due to the non-differentiable image distortion functions in visual sensing ...
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2411.16623
Limeade: Let integer molecular encoding aid
[ "cs.CE" ]
Mixed-integer programming (MIP) is a well-established framework for computer-aided molecular design (CAMD). By precisely encoding the molecular space and score functions, e.g., a graph neural network, the molecular design problem is represented and solved as an optimization problem, the solution of which corresponds to...
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2411.16624
Leakage-Robust Bayesian Persuasion
[ "cs.GT", "cs.DS", "cs.MA" ]
We introduce the concept of leakage-robust Bayesian persuasion. Situated between public persuasion [KG11, CCG23, Xu20] and private persuasion [AB19], leakage-robust persuasion considers a setting where one or more signals privately sent by a sender to the receivers may be leaked. We study the design of leakage-robust p...
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2411.16627
Inference-Time Policy Steering through Human Interactions
[ "cs.RO", "cs.AI", "cs.HC", "cs.LG" ]
Generative policies trained with human demonstrations can autonomously accomplish multimodal, long-horizon tasks. However, during inference, humans are often removed from the policy execution loop, limiting the ability to guide a pre-trained policy towards a specific sub-goal or trajectory shape among multiple predicti...
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2411.16629
LegoPET: Hierarchical Feature Guided Conditional Diffusion for PET Image Reconstruction
[ "eess.IV", "cs.CV" ]
Positron emission tomography (PET) is widely utilized for cancer detection due to its ability to visualize functional and biological processes in vivo. PET images are usually reconstructed from histogrammed raw data (sinograms) using traditional iterative techniques (e.g., OSEM, MLEM). Recently, deep learning (DL) meth...
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2411.16638
Do Automatic Factuality Metrics Measure Factuality? A Critical Evaluation
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI" ]
Modern LLMs can now produce highly readable abstractive summaries, to the point where traditional automated metrics for evaluating summary quality, such as ROUGE, have become saturated. However, LLMs still sometimes introduce unwanted content into summaries, i.e., information inconsistent with or unsupported by their s...
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