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single-photon counters are single-pixel binary devices that click upon the absorption of a photon but obscure its spectral information, whereas resolving the color of detected photons has been in critical demand for frontier astronomical observation, spectroscopic imaging and wavelength division multiplexed quantum com... | broadband on-chip single-photon spectrometer |
accretion disks around supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei produce continuum radiation at ultraviolet and optical wavelengths. physical processes in the accretion flow lead to stochastic variability of this emission on a wide range of time scales. we measured the optical continuum variability observed in... | a characteristic optical variability time scale in astrophysical accretion disks |
we present a synthesis of the astronomical observations constraining the wavelength-dependent extinction, emission, and polarization from interstellar dust from uv to microwave wavelengths on diffuse galactic sight lines. representative solid-phase abundances for those sight lines are also derived. given the sensitive ... | observational constraints on the physical properties of interstellar dust in the post-planck era |
the ultraviolet (uv) spectral energy distributions (seds) of low-mass (k- and m-type) stars play a critical role in the heating and chemistry of exoplanet atmospheres, but are not observationally well-constrained. direct observations of the intrinsic flux of the lyα line (the dominant source of uv photons from low-mass... | the muscles treasury survey. ii. intrinsic lyα and extreme ultraviolet spectra of k and m dwarfs with exoplanets* |
we report hubble space telescope/cosmic origins spectrograph observations of the lyα emission and interstellar absorption lines in a sample of 10 star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 0.2. selected on the basis of high equivalent width optical emission lines, the sample, dubbed "green peas," make some of the best analogs for yo... | lyα emission from green peas: the role of circumgalactic gas density, covering, and kinematics |
we present the characteristics of 2 mm selected sources from the largest atacama large millimeter/submillimeter array (alma) blank-field contiguous survey conducted to date, the mapping obscuration to reionization with alma (mora) survey covering 184 arcmin2 at 2 mm. twelve of 13 detections above 5σ are attributed to e... | mapping obscuration to reionization with alma (mora): 2 mm efficiently selects the highest-redshift obscured galaxies |
the dramatic first images with jwst demonstrated its power to provide unprecedented spatial detail for galaxies in the high-redshift universe. here, we leverage the resolution and depth of the jwst cosmic evolution early release science survey data in the extended groth strip to perform pixel-level morphological classi... | morpheus reveals distant disk galaxy morphologies with jwst: the first ai/ml analysis of jwst images |
during the epoch of reionization, neutral gas in the early universe was ionized by hard ultraviolet radiation emitted by young stars in the first galaxies. to do so, ionizing ultraviolet photons must escape from the host galaxy. we present hubble space telescope observations of the gravitationally lensed post-reionizat... | gravitational lensing reveals ionizing ultraviolet photons escaping from a distant galaxy |
we present optical-line gas metallicity diagnostics established by the combination of local sdss galaxies and the largest compilation of extremely metal-poor galaxies (empgs) including new empgs identified by the subaru empress survey. a total of 103 empgs are included, covering a large parameter space of magnitude (mi... | empress. v. metallicity diagnostics of galaxies over 12 + log(o/h) ≃ 6.9-8.9 established by a local galaxy census: preparing for jwst spectroscopy |
many physical systems display quantized energy states. in optics, interacting resonant cavities show a transmission spectrum with split eigenfrequencies, similar to the split energy levels that result from interacting states in bonded multi-atomic—that is, molecular—systems. here, we study the nonlinear dynamics of pho... | dissipative solitons in photonic molecules |
in einstein-æther theory, the lorentz symmetry is locally broken in the high-energy regime due to the presence of the æther field. this shall leave significant imprint on astronomical observation. in this paper, we investigate the optical appearance of two types of the static and spherically symmetric black holes in ei... | optical appearance of einstein-æther black hole surrounded by thin disk |
i propose a spatial-mode demultiplexing (spade) measurement scheme for the far-field imaging of spatially incoherent optical sources. for any object too small to be resolved by direct imaging under the diffraction limit, i show that spade can estimate its second or higher moments much more precisely than direct imaging... | subdiffraction incoherent optical imaging via spatial-mode demultiplexing |
the past two decades have seen a major expansion in the availability, size, and precision of time-domain data sets in astronomy. owing to their unique combination of flexibility, mathematical simplicity, and comparative robustness, gaussian processes (gps) have emerged recently as the solution of choice to model stocha... | gaussian process regression for astronomical time series |
the icecube observatory located at the south pole is a cubic-kilometre optical cherenkov telescope primarily designed for the detection of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos. icecube became fully operational in 2010, after a seven-year construction phase, and reached a milestone in 2013 by the first observation of cos... | probing particle physics with icecube |
context. millimetre-wave continuum astronomy is today an indispensable tool for both general astrophysics studies (e.g. star formation, nearby galaxies) and cosmology (e.g. cosmic microwave background and high-redshift galaxies). general purpose, large-field-of-view instruments are needed to map the sky at intermediate... | the nika2 large-field-of-view millimetre continuum camera for the 30 m iram telescope |
the deep, wide-area (∼800-900 arcmin2) near-infrared/wfc3/ir + spitzer/irac observations over the candels fields have been a remarkable resource for constraining the bright end of high-redshift uv luminosity functions. however, the lack of hubble space telescope (hst) 1.05 μm observations over the candels fields has ma... | the bright end of the z ∼ 9 and z ∼ 10 uv luminosity functions using all five candels fields* |
work in time-domain astronomy necessitates robust, automated data processing pipelines that operate in real time. we present the banzai pipeline which processes the thousands of science images produced across the las cumbres observatory global telescope (lcogt) network of robotic telescopes each night. banzai is design... | real-time processing of the imaging data from the network of las cumbres observatory telescopes using banzai |
the vlt survey telescope atlas survey is an optical ugriz survey aiming to cover ≈4700 deg2 of the southern sky to similar depths as the sloan digital sky survey (sdss). from reduced images and object catalogues provided by the cambridge astronomical surveys unit, we first find that the median seeing ranges from 0.8 ar... | the vlt survey telescope atlas |
we present astroclip, a strategy to facilitate the construction of astronomical foundation models that bridge the gap between diverse observational modalities. we demonstrate that a cross-modal contrastive learning approach between images and optical spectra of galaxies yields highly informative embeddings of both moda... | astroclip: cross-modal pre-training for astronomical foundation models |
we report on an x-ray polarimetric observation of the high-mass x-ray binary lmc x-1 in the high/soft state, obtained by the imaging x-ray polarimetry explorer (ixpe) in 2022 october. the measured polarization is below the minimum detectable polarization of 1.1 per cent (at the 99 per cent confidence level). simultaneo... | the first x-ray polarimetric observation of the black hole binary lmc x-1 |
we report an experiment to test quantum interference, entanglement, and nonlocality using two dissimilar photon sources, the sun and a semiconductor quantum dot on the earth, which are separated by ∼150 million kilometers. by making the otherwise vastly distinct photons indistinguishable in all degrees of freedom, we o... | quantum interference between light sources separated by 150 million kilometers |
pasiphae (the polar-areas stellar imaging in polarization high-accuracy experiment) is an optopolarimetric survey aiming to measure the linear polarization from millions of stars, and use these to create a three-dimensional tomographic map of the magnetic field threading dust clouds within the milky way. this map will ... | pasiphae: a high-galactic-latitude, high-accuracy optopolarimetric survey |
gw170817 showed that neutron star mergers not only emit gravitational waves but also can release electromagnetic signatures in multiple wavelengths. within the first half of the third observing run of the advanced ligo and virgo detectors, there have been a number of gravitational wave candidates of compact binary syst... | implications of the search for optical counterparts during the first six months of the advanced ligo's and advanced virgo's third observing run: possible limits on the ejecta mass and binary properties |
the legacy extragalactic uv survey (legus) is a cycle 21 treasury program on the hubble space telescope aimed at the investigation of star formation and its relation with galactic environment in nearby galaxies, from the scales of individual stars to those of ∼kiloparsec-size clustered structures. five-band imaging fro... | legacy extragalactic uv survey (legus) with the hubble space telescope. i. survey description |
adaptive optics by direct imaging of the wavefront distortions of a laser-induced guide star has long been used in astronomy, and more recently in microscopy to compensate for aberrations in transparent specimens. here we extend this approach to tissues that strongly scatter visible light by exploiting the reduced scat... | direct wavefront sensing for high-resolution in vivo imaging in scattering tissue |
we present the lambda adaptive multi-band deblending algorithm in r (lambdar), a novel code for calculating matched aperture photometry across images that are neither pixel- nor psf-matched, using prior aperture definitions derived from high-resolution optical imaging. the development of this program is motivated by th... | galaxy and mass assembly: accurate panchromatic photometry from optical priors using lambdar |
nonlinear kerr micro-resonators have enabled fundamental breakthroughs in the understanding of dissipative solitons, as well as in their application to optical frequency comb generation. however, the conversion efficiency of the pump power into a soliton frequency comb typically remains below a few percent. we fabricat... | efficient kerr soliton comb generation in micro-resonator with interferometric back-coupling |
we present a nearly complete rapid neutron-capture process (r-process) chemical inventory of the metal-poor ([fe/h] = -1.46 ± 0.10) r-process-enhanced ([eu/fe] = +1.32 ± 0.08) halo star hd 222925. this abundance set is the most complete for any object beyond the solar system, with a total of 63 metals detected and seve... | the r-process alliance: a nearly complete r-process abundance template derived from ultraviolet spectroscopy of the r-process-enhanced metal-poor star hd 222925 |
observational astronomy of tidal disruption events (tdes) began with the detection of x-ray flares from quiescent galaxies during the rosat all-sky survey of 1990-1991. the flares complied with theoretical expectations, having high peak luminosities (lx up to ≥4 ×1044erg/s), a thermal spectrum with k t ∼few×105k, and a... | x-ray properties of tdes |
this book serves as a comprehensive, up-to-date reference about this cutting-edge laser technology and its many new and interesting developments. various aspects and trends of raman fiber lasers are described in detail by experts in their fields. raman fiber lasers have progressed quickly in the past decade, and have e... | raman fiber lasers |
for photon-counting applications at ultraviolet wavelengths, there are currently no detectors that combine high efficiency (> 50%), sub-nanosecond timing resolution, and sub-hz dark count rates. superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (snspds) have seen success over the past decade for photon-counting appli... | uv superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors with high efficiency, low noise, and 4 k operating temperature |
as some of the only lyman continuum (lyc) emitters at z ∼ 0, green pea (gp) galaxies are possible analogs of the sources that reionized the universe. we present hst cos spectra of 13 of the most highly ionized gps, with [o iii]/[o ii] = 6-35, and investigate correlations between lyα, galaxy properties, and low-ionizati... | new insights on lyα and lyman continuum radiative transfer in the greenest peas |
context. class ii methanol masers are signposts of massive young stellar objects (mysos). recent evidence shows that flares of these masers are driven by myso accretion bursts. thus, maser monitoring can be used to identify such bursts which are hard to discover otherwise. infrared observations reveal burst-induced cha... | infrared observations of the flaring maser source g358.93-0.03. sofia confirms an accretion burst from a massive young stellar object |
the sloan digital sky survey iv mapping nearby galaxies at apo (manga) program has been operating from 2014 to 2020, and has now observed a sample of 9269 galaxies in the low redshift universe (z ∼ 0.05) with integral-field spectroscopy. with rest-optical (λλ0.36-1.0 μm) spectral resolution r ∼ 2000 the instrumental sp... | sdss-iv manga: modeling the spectral line-spread function to subpercent accuracy |
the cosmic origins spectrograph (cos) legacy archive spectroscopic survey (classy) provides the first high-resolution spectral catalog of 45 local high-z analogs in the ultraviolet (uv; 1200-2000 å) to investigate their stellar and gas properties. here we present a toolkit of uv interstellar medium (ism) diagnostics, a... | classy iv. exploring uv diagnostics of the interstellar medium in local high-z analogs at the dawn of the jwst era |
we performed an intensive accretion disk reverberation mapping campaign on the high accretion rate active galactic nucleus mrk 142 in early 2019. mrk 142 was monitored with the neil gehrels swift observatory for four months in x-rays and six different uv/optical filters. ground-based photometric monitoring was obtained... | supermassive black holes with high accretion rates in active galactic nuclei. xi. accretion disk reverberation mapping of mrk 142 |
this resource letter provides a guide to the literature on teaching experimental physics using sensors in tablets, smartphones, and some specialized devices. after a general discussion of hardware (sensors) and software (apps), we present resources for experiments using mobile-device sensors in many areas of physics ed... | resource letter mds-1: mobile devices and sensors for physics teaching |
the translational doppler effect of electromagnetic and sound waves has been successfully applied in measurements of the speed and direction of vehicles, astronomical objects and blood flow in human bodies, and for the global positioning system. the doppler effect plays a key role for some important quantum phenomena s... | rotational doppler effect in nonlinear optics |
multimessenger astronomy received a great boost following the discovery of kilonova (kn) at2017gfo, the optical counterpart of the gravitational wave source gw170817 associated with the short gamma-ray burst grb 170817a. at2017gfo was the first kn that could be extensively monitored in time using both photometry and sp... | a comparison between short grb afterglows and kilonova at2017gfo: shedding light on kilonovae properties |
we report atacama large millimeter array (alma) observations of four high-redshift dusty star-forming galaxy candidates selected from far-infrared (fir)/submillimeter observations in the cosmos field. we securely detect all galaxies in the continuum and spectroscopically confirm them at z = 3.62-5.85 using alma 3 mm li... | discovery of four apparently cold dusty galaxies at z = 3.62-5.85 in the cosmos field: direct evidence of cosmic microwave background impact on high-redshift galaxy observables |
we report on multiwavelength target-of-opportunity observations of the blazar pks 0735+178, located 2.°2 away from the best-fit position of the icecube neutrino event icecube-211208a detected on 2021 december 8. the source was in a high-flux state in the optical, ultraviolet, x-ray, and gev γ-ray bands around the time ... | multiwavelength observations of the blazar pks 0735+178 in spatial and temporal coincidence with an astrophysical neutrino candidate icecube-211208a |
femtosecond optical pulses have applications in optical communication, astronomical frequency combs, and laser spectroscopy. here, a hybrid mode-locked erbium-doped fiber (edf) laser with topological insulator (ti) is proposed, for the first time to our best knowledge. the pulsed laser deposition (pld) method is employ... | 70-fs mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser with topological insulator |
context. herbig ae/be stars (haebes) have so far been studied based on relatively small samples that are scattered throughout the sky. their fundamental stellar and circumstellar parameters and statistical properties were derived with heterogeneous approaches before gaia.aims: our main goal is to contribute to the stud... | homogeneous study of herbig ae/be stars from spectral energy distributions and gaia edr3 |
simultaneous ideal quantum measurements of multiple single-photon-level signals would advance applications in quantum information processing, metrology, and astronomy but require the first amplifier to be simultaneously broadband, quantum limited, and directional. however, conventional traveling-wave parametric amplifi... | floquet-mode traveling-wave parametric amplifiers |
laser frequency combs are enabling some of the most exciting scientific endeavours in the twenty-first century, ranging from the development of optical clocks to the calibration of the astronomical spectrographs used for discovering earth-like exoplanets. dissipative kerr solitons generated in microresonators currently... | surpassing the nonlinear conversion efficiency of soliton microcombs |
we establish the multiparameter quantum cramér-rao bound for simultaneously estimating the centroid, the separation, and the relative intensities of two incoherent optical point sources using a linear imaging system. for equally bright sources, the cramér-rao bound is independent of their separation, which confirms tha... | multiparameter quantum metrology of incoherent point sources: towards realistic superresolution |
context. a census of faint and tiny star forming complexes at high redshift is key to improving our understanding of reionizing sources, galaxy growth, and the formation of globular clusters.aims: we present the muse deep lensed field (mdlf) program, which is aimed at unveiling the very faint population of high redshif... | the muse deep lensed field on the hubble frontier field macs j0416. star-forming complexes at cosmological distances |
we describe and test an updated version of radiation-hydrodynamics in the ramses code, that includes three new features: (i) radiation pressure on gas, (ii) accurate treatment of radiation diffusion in an unresolved optically thick medium, and (iii) relativistic corrections that account for doppler effects and work don... | a scheme for radiation pressure and photon diffusion with the m1 closure in ramses-rt |
the visible and infrared survey telescope for astronomy (vista) is the 4-m wide-field survey telescope at eso's paranal observatory, equipped with the world's largest near-infrared imaging camera (vista ir camera, vircam), with 1.65 degree diameter field of view, and 67 mpixels giving 0.6 deg2 active pixel area, operat... | the visible and infrared survey telescope for astronomy (vista): design, technical overview, and performance |
we present a characterization of the physical properties of a sample of 35 securely detected, dusty galaxies in the deep alma 1.2 mm image obtained as part of the alma spectroscopic survey in the hubble ultra deep field (aspecs) large program. this sample is complemented by 26 additional sources identified via an optic... | the alma spectroscopic survey in the hubble ultra deep field: the nature of the faintest dusty star-forming galaxies |
multiple applications of relevance in photonics, such as spectrally efficient coherent communications, microwave synthesis or the calibration of astronomical spectrographs, would benefit from soliton microcombs operating at repetition rates <50ghz. however, attaining soliton microcombs with low repetition rates usin... | integrated, ultra-compact high-q silicon nitride microresonators for low-repetition-rate soliton microcombs |
optical frequency combs, coherent light sources that connect optical frequencies with microwave oscillations, have become the enabling tool for precision spectroscopy, optical clockwork and attosecond physics over the past decades. current benchmark systems are self-referenced femtosecond mode-locked lasers, but four-w... | a broadband chip-scale optical frequency synthesizer at 2.7 x 10-16 relative uncertainty |
soliton microcombs constitute chip-scale optical frequency combs, and have the potential to impact a myriad of applications from frequency synthesis and telecommunications to astronomy. the demonstration of soliton formation via self-injection locking of the pump laser to the microresonator has significantly relaxed th... | dynamics of soliton self-injection locking in optical microresonators |
astronomical surveys of celestial sources produce streams of noisy time series measuring flux versus time (`light curves'). unlike in many other physical domains, however, large (and source-specific) temporal gaps in data arise naturally due to intranight cadence choices as well as diurnal and seasonal constraints1-5. ... | a recurrent neural network for classification of unevenly sampled variable stars |
the discovery of the electromagnetic counterpart to the binary neutron star (ns) merger gw170817 has opened the era of gravitational-wave multimessenger astronomy. rapid identification of the optical/infrared kilonova enabled a precise localization of the source, which paved the way to deep multiwavelength follow-up an... | target-of-opportunity observations of gravitational-wave events with vera c. rubin observatory |
we report the detection of co(j = 2 → 1) emission from three massive dusty starburst galaxies at z > 5 through molecular line scans in the nsf's karl g. jansky very large array (vla) co luminosity density at high redshift (coldz) survey. redshifts for two of the sources, hdf 850.1 (z = 5.183) and aztec-3 (z = 5.298)... | coldz: a high space density of massive dusty starburst galaxies ∼1 billion years after the big bang |
microwave kinetic inductance detectors (mkids) provide a compelling path forward to the large-format polarimeter, imaging, and spectrometer arrays needed for next-generation experiments in millimeter-wave cosmology and astronomy. we describe the development of feedhorn-coupled mkid detectors for the toltec millimeter-w... | millimeter-wave polarimeters using kinetic inductance detectors for toltec and beyond |
the origin of stellar-mass black hole mergers discovered through gravitational waves is being widely debated. mergers in the disks of active galactic nuclei (agns) represent a promising source of origin, with possible observational clues in the gravitational-wave data. beyond gravitational waves, a unique signature of ... | observable signature of merging stellar-mass black holes in active galactic nuclei |
we study the long-term evolution of ejecta formed in a binary neutron star (ns) merger that results in a long-lived remnant ns by performing a hydrodynamics simulation with the outflow data of a numerical relativity simulation as the initial condition. at the homologously expanding phase, the total ejecta mass reaches ... | a low-mass binary neutron star: long-term ejecta evolution and kilonovae with weak blue emission |
an edge displacement sensor is one of the key technologies for building large segmented mirror astronomical optical telescopes. a digital interface is one novel approach for sensor technologies, digital transformation and the internet of things (iot) in particular. frequency output sensors and inductance-to-digital con... | research on the time drift stability of differential inductive displacement sensors with frequency output |
we report studies on the mitigation of optical effects of bright low-earth-orbit (leo) satellites on vera c. rubin observatory and its legacy survey of space and time (lsst). these include options for pointing the telescope to avoid satellites, laboratory investigations of bright trails on the rubin observatory lsst ca... | mitigation of leo satellite brightness and trail effects on the rubin observatory lsst |
we present a rest-frame optical morphological analysis of galaxies observed with the nircam imager on the james webb space telescope (jwst) as part of the glass-jwst early release science program. we select 388 sources at redshifts 0.8 < z < 5.4 and use the seven 0.9-5 μm nircam filters to generate rest-frame gri... | early results from glass-jwst. xviii. a first morphological atlas of the 1 < z < 5 universe in the rest-frame optical |
we give an overview of the simulation of x-ray telescopes (sixte) software package, a generic, mission-independent monte carlo simulation toolkit for x-ray astronomical instrumentation. the package is based on a modular approach for the source definition, the description of the optics, and the detector type such that n... | sixte: a generic x-ray instrument simulation toolkit |
we present the 2020 version of the siena galaxy atlas (sga-2020), a multiwavelength optical and infrared imaging atlas of 383,620 nearby galaxies. the sga-2020 uses optical grz imaging over ≈20,000 deg2 from the dark energy spectroscopic instrument (desi) legacy imaging surveys data release 9 and infrared imaging in fo... | siena galaxy atlas 2020 |
context. some ap stars that have a strong enough magnetic field and a sufficiently low v sini show spectral lines resolved into their magnetically split components.aims: we present the results of a systematic study of the magnetic fields and other properties of those stars.methods: this study is based on 271 new measur... | ap stars with resolved magnetically split lines: magnetic field determinations from stokes i and v spectra⋆ |
we present the largest systematic, hubble space telescope (hst)-based search to date for luminous z ≳ 8 galaxy candidates using ~1267 arcmin2 of (pure-)parallel observations from a compilation of 288 random sightlines with advanced camera for surveys and wide field camera 3 observations, derived from the (super)brighte... | the physical properties of luminous z ≳ 8 galaxies and implications for the cosmic star formation rate density from 0.35 deg2 of (pure-)parallel hst observations |
recently introduced speckle-correlations based techniques enable noninvasive imaging of objects hidden behind scattering layers. in these techniques the hidden object fourier amplitude is retrieved from the scattered light autocorrelation, and the lost fourier phase is recovered via iterative phase-retrieval algorithms... | single-shot diffraction-limited imaging through scattering layers via bispectrum analysis |
the false vacuum decay has been a central theme in physics for half a century with applications to cosmology and to the theory of fundamental interactions. this fascinating phenomenon is even more intriguing when combined with the confinement of elementary particles. due to the astronomical timescales involved, the res... | false vacuum decay in quantum spin chains |
we present an optical to near-infrared (nir) selected astronomical catalogue covering 1270 deg2. this is the first attempt to systematically combine data from 23 of the premier extragalactic survey fields - the product of a vast investment of telescope time. the fields are those imaged by the herschel space observatory... | help: a catalogue of 170 million objects, selected at 0.36-4.5 μm, from 1270 deg2 of prime extragalactic fields |
we present a systematic phase curve analysis of known transiting systems observed by the transiting exoplanet survey satellite (tess) during year one of the primary mission. using theoretical predictions for the amplitude of the planetary longitudinal atmospheric brightness modulation, stellar ellipsoidal distortion an... | systematic phase curve study of known transiting systems from year one of the tess mission |
the past decade has experienced an explosive increase of optically discovered tidal disruption events (tdes) with the advent of modern time-domain surveys. however, we still lack a comprehensive observational view of their infrared (ir) echoes in spite of individual detections. to this end, we have conducted a statisti... | infrared echoes of optical tidal disruption events: ∼1% dust-covering factor or less at subparsec scale |
moons is the new multi-object optical and near-infrared spectrograph currently under construction for the very large telescope (vlt) at eso. this remarkable instrument combines, for the first time, the collecting power of an 8-m telescope, 1000 fibres with individual robotic positioners, and both low- and high-resoluti... | moons: the new multi-object spectrograph for the vlt |
we analyze the far-infrared (fir) properties of ~5000 star-forming galaxies at z < 4.5, drawn from the deepest, super-deblended catalogs in the goods-n and cosmos fields. we develop a novel panchromatic spectral energy distribution fitting algorithm, stardust, that models the emission from stars, active galactic nuc... | the evolving interstellar medium of star-forming galaxies, as traced by stardust |
photonic-based instantaneous frequency measurement (ifm) of unknown microwave signals offers improved flexibility and frequency range as compared with electronic solutions. however, no photonic platform has ever demonstrated the key capability to perform dynamic ifm, as required in real-world applications. in addition,... | wideband dynamic microwave frequency identification system using a low-power ultracompact silicon photonic chip |
we analyze the fundamental quantum limit of the resolution of an optical imaging system from the perspective of the detection problem of deciding whether the optical field in the image plane is generated by one incoherent on-axis source with brightness ɛ ? or by two ɛ / 2 ?-brightness incoherent sources that are symmet... | quantum-optimal detection of one-versus-two incoherent optical sources with arbitrary separation |
the southern photometric local universe survey (s-plus) is an ongoing survey of ~9300 deg2 in the southern sky in a 12-band photometric system. this paper presents the second data release (dr2) of s-plus, consisting of 514 tiles covering an area of 950 deg2. the data has been fully calibrated using a new photometric ca... | data release 2 of s-plus: accurate template-fitting based photometry covering1000 deg2 in 12 optical filters |
recent high-resolution interferometric observations of protoplanetary disks at (sub)millimeter wavelengths reveal omnipresent substructures, such as rings, spirals, and asymmetries. a detailed investigation of eight rings detected in five disks by the dsharp survey came to the conclusion that all rings are just margina... | the dsharp rings: evidence of ongoing planetesimal formation? |
there is a growing concern about an impact of low-earth-orbit (leo) satellite constellations on ground-based astronomical observations, in particular, on wide-field surveys in the optical and infrared. the zwicky transient facility (ztf), thanks to the large field of view of its camera, provides an ideal setup to study... | impact of the spacex starlink satellites on the zwicky transient facility survey observations |
we present the second major release of data from the sydney - australian astronomical observatory multi-object integral field spectrograph (sami) galaxy survey. data release two includes data for 1559 galaxies, about 50 per cent of the full survey. galaxies included have a redshift range 0.004 < z < 0.113 and a l... | the sami galaxy survey: data release two with absorption-line physics value-added products |
michigan infrared combiner-exeter (mirc-x) is a new highly sensitive six-telescope interferometric imager installed at the chara array that provides an angular resolution equivalent of up to a 330 m diameter baseline telescope in j- and h-band wavelengths ( $\tfrac{\lambda }{2b}\sim 0.6$ mas). we upgraded the original ... | mirc-x: a highly sensitive six-telescope interferometric imager at the chara array |
ngc 1068, a nearby type-2 seyfert galaxy, is reported as the hottest neutrino spot in the 10 yr survey data of icecube. although there are several different possibilities for the generation of high-energy neutrinos in astrophysical sources, feasible scenarios allowing such emission in ngc 1068 have not yet been firmly ... | on the origin of high-energy neutrinos from ngc 1068: the role of nonthermal coronal activity |
reinforcement learning (rl) presents a new approach for controlling adaptive optics (ao) systems for astronomy. it promises to effectively cope with some aspects often hampering ao performance such as temporal delay or calibration errors. we formulate the ao control loop as a model-based rl problem (mbrl) and apply it ... | adaptive optics control using model-based reinforcement learning |
aims: most hot jupiters are expected to spiral in toward their host stars because the angular momentum of the orbital motion is transferred to the stellar spin. their orbits can also precess as a result of planet-star interactions. calculations show that both effects might be detected for the very-hot exoplanet wasp-12... | departure from the constant-period ephemeris for the transiting exoplanet wasp-12 |
we study the question of reconstructing two signals $f$ and $g$ from their convolution $y = f\ast g$. this problem, known as {\em blind deconvolution}, pervades many areas of science and technology, including astronomy, medical imaging, optics, and wireless communications. a key challenge of this intricate non-convex o... | rapid, robust, and reliable blind deconvolution via nonconvex optimization |
superflares may provide the dominant source of biologically relevant uv radiation to rocky habitable-zone m-dwarf planets (m-earths), altering planetary atmospheres and conditions for surface life. the combined line and continuum flare emission has usually been approximated by a 9000 k blackbody. if superflares are hot... | evryflare. iii. temperature evolution and habitability impacts of dozens of superflares observed simultaneously by evryscope and tess |
we have fabricated and characterized 10,000 and 20,440 pixel microwave kinetic inductance detector (mkid) arrays for the dark-speckle near-ir energy-resolved superconducting spectrophotometer (darkness) and the mkid exoplanet camera (mec). these instruments are designed to sit behind adaptive optics systems with the go... | large-format platinum silicide microwave kinetic inductance detectors for optical to near-ir astronomy |
we present the second public data release (dr2) from the decam local volume exploration survey (delve). delve dr2 combines new decam observations with archival decam data from the dark energy survey, the decam legacy survey, and other decam community programs. delve dr2 consists of ~160,000 exposures that cover >21,... | the decam local volume exploration survey data release 2 |
understanding massive cluster formation is one of the important issues of astronomy. by analyzing the h i data, we have identified that the two h i velocity components (l- and d-components) are colliding toward the h i ridge, in the southeastern end of the large magellanic cloud (lmc), which hosts the young massive clu... | formation of the young massive cluster r136 triggered by tidally-driven colliding h i flows |
the xinglong 2.16-m reflector is the first 2-m class astronomical telescope in china. it was jointly designed and built by the nanjing astronomical instruments factory (naif), beijing astronomical observatory (now national astronomical observatories, chinese academy of sciences, naoc), and institute of automation, chin... | the xinglong 2.16-m telescope: current instruments and scientific projects |
quantum entanglement-based imaging promises significantly increased resolution by extending the spatial separation of optical collection apertures used in very-long-baseline interferometry for astronomy and geodesy. we report a tabletop entanglement-based interferometric imaging technique that utilizes two entangled fi... | interferometric imaging using shared quantum entanglement |
aotools is a python package which is open-source and aimed at providing tools for adaptive optics users and researchers. we present version 1.0 which contains tools for adaptive optics processing, including analysing data in the pupil plane, images and point spread functions in the focal plane, wavefront sensors, model... | aotools: a python package for adaptive optics modelling and analysis |
development of terahertz (thz) sources, detectors, and optical components has been an active area of research across the globe. the interest in thz optoelectronics is driven by the various applications they have enabled, such as ultrawide‑band communication systems, air‑ and space‑borne astronomy, atmospheric monitorin... | design, fabrication, and modulation of thz bandpass metamaterials |
integral cross sections for optically allowed electronic-state excitations of atoms and molecules by electron impact, by applying scaled plane-wave born models, are reviewed. over 40 years ago, inokuti presented an influential review of charged-particle scattering, based on the theory pioneered by bethe forty years ear... | scaled plane-wave born cross sections for atoms and molecules |
since its invention, optical frequency comb has revolutionized a broad range of subjects from metrology to spectroscopy. the recent development of microresonator-based frequency combs (microcombs) provides a unique pathway to create frequency comb systems on a chip. indeed, microcomb-based spectroscopy, ranging, optica... | chaos-assisted two-octave-spanning microcombs |
leo p is a low-luminosity dwarf galaxy discovered through the blind h i arecibo legacy fast alfa survey. the h i and follow-up optical observations have shown that leo p is a gas-rich dwarf galaxy with active star formation, an underlying older population, and an extremely low oxygen abundance. we have obtained optical... | leo p: an unquenched very low-mass galaxy |
bright target explorer (brite) constellation, the first nanosatellite mission applied to astrophysical research, is a collaboration among austria, canada and poland. the fleet of satellites (6 launched; 5 functioning) performs precise optical photometry of the brightest stars in the night sky. a pioneering mission like... | the brite constellation nanosatellite mission: testing, commissioning, and operations |
the almaquest (alma-manga quenching and star formation) survey is a program with spatially resolved 12co(1-0) measurements obtained with the atacama large millimeter array (alma) for 46 galaxies selected from the mapping nearby galaxies at apache point observatory (manga) dr15 optical integral-field spectroscopic surve... | almaquest. iv. the alma-manga quenching and star formation (almaquest) survey |
miniaturized optical spectrometers providing broadband operation and fine resolution have an immense potential for applications in remote sensing, non-invasive medical diagnostics and astronomy. indeed, optical spectrometers working in the mid-infrared spectral range have garnered a great interest for their singular ca... | on-chip fourier-transform spectrometer based on spatial heterodyning tuned by thermo-optic effect |
the vertical distributions of optical turbulence ( c n 2 profiles) are a major factor in defining the capabilities of ground-based telescopes and interferometers. as site-testing campaigns are extremely expensive and instruments only provide the local atmospheric parameter, atmospheric modeling might represent an advan... | mesoscale optical turbulence simulations above tibetan plateau: first attempt |
we present high-resolution far-uv spectroscopy of the 14 galaxies of the lyα reference sample; a sample of strongly star-forming galaxies at low redshifts (0.028 < z < 0.18). we compare the derived properties to global properties derived from multi-band imaging and 21 cm h i interferometry and single-dish observa... | the lyman alpha reference sample. v. the impact of neutral ism kinematics and geometry on lyα escape |
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