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the combined detection of a gravitational-wave signal, kilonova, and short gamma-ray burst (sgrb) from gw170817 marked a scientific breakthrough in the field of multimessenger astronomy. but even before gw170817, there have been a number of sgrbs with possible associated kilonova detections. in this work, we re-examine... | a luminosity distribution for kilonovae based on short gamma-ray burst afterglows |
we validate the discovery of a 2-earth-radii sub-neptune-sized planet around the nearby high-proper-motion m2.5 dwarf g 9-40 (epic 212048748), using high-precision, near-infrared (nir) radial velocity (rv) observations with the habitable-zone planet finder (hpf), precision diffuser-assisted ground-based photometry with... | a sub-neptune-sized planet transiting the m2.5 dwarf g 9-40: validation with the habitable-zone planet finder |
context. in protoplanetary disks micron-size dust grains coagulate to form larger structures with complex shapes and compositions. the coagulation process changes the absorption and scattering properties of particles in the disk in significant ways. to properly interpret observations of protoplanetary disks and to plac... | multiwavelength optical properties of compact dust aggregates in protoplanetary disks |
spinning thermal radiation is a unique phenomenon observed in condensed astronomical objects, including the wolf-rayet star ez-cma and the red degenerate star g99-47, due to the existence of strong magnetic fields. here, by designing symmetry-broken metasurfaces, we demonstrate that spinning thermal radiation with a no... | observation of nonvanishing optical helicity in thermal radiation from symmetry-broken metasurfaces |
measurements of the gas mass are necessary to determine the planet formation potential of protoplanetary disks. observations of rare co isotopologues are typically used to determine disk gas masses; however, if the line emission is optically thick this will result in an underestimated disk mass. with the atacama large ... | the first detection of 13c17o in a protoplanetary disk: a robust tracer of disk gas mass |
in the past decade the study of exoplanet atmospheres at high-spectral resolution, via transmission/emission spectroscopy and cross-correlation techniques for atomic/molecular mapping, has become a powerful and consolidated methodology. the current limitation is the signal-to-noise ratio during a planetary transit. thi... | ground-breaking exoplanet science with the andes spectrograph at the elt |
we present a new ground-based optical transmission spectrum of the ultrahot jupiter wasp-103b ( ${t}_{\mathrm{eq}}=2484$ k). our transmission spectrum is the result of combining five new transits from the access survey and two new transits from the lrg-beasts survey with a reanalysis of three archival gemini/gmos trans... | access and lrg-beasts: a precise new optical transmission spectrum of the ultrahot jupiter wasp-103b |
the detection and characterization of young planetary systems offer a direct path to study the processes that shape planet evolution. we report on the discovery of a sub-neptune-sized planet orbiting the young star hd 110082 (toi-1098). transit events we initially detected during tess cycle 1 are validated with time-se... | tess hunt for young and maturing exoplanets (thyme). v. a sub-neptune transiting a young star in a newly discovered 250 myr association |
brown dwarfs are objects with masses that are between those of large planets and small stars. they share many features with gas giant planets, particularly conditions in their atmospheres. apai et al. analyzed how the infrared brightness of three brown dwarfs changes over time. several perplexing features can be explai... | zones, spots, and planetary-scale waves beating in brown dwarf atmospheres |
we investigate the stellar population properties of a sample of 24 massive quenched galaxies at 1.25< zspec< 2.09 identified in the cosmos field with our subaru/multi-object infrared camera and spectrograph near-ir spectroscopic observations. tracing the stellar population properties as close to their major forma... | the ages, metallicities, and element abundance ratios of massive quenched galaxies at z ≈ 1.6 |
we present the direct imaging discovery of a substellar companion to the nearby sun-like star, hd 33632 aa, at a projected separation of ∼20 au, obtained with scexao/charis integral field spectroscopy complemented by keck/nirc2 thermal infrared imaging. the companion, hd 33632 ab, induces a 10.5σ astrometric accelerati... | scexao/charis direct imaging discovery of a 20 au separation, low-mass ratio brown dwarf companion to an accelerating sun-like star |
we consider estimating the length of an incoherently radiating quasimonochromatic extended object of length much smaller than the traditional diffraction limit, the rayleigh length. this is the simplest abstraction of the problems of estimating the diameter of a star in astronomical imaging or the dimensions of a cellu... | attaining the quantum limit of superresolution in imaging an object's length via predetection spatial-mode sorting |
optical frequency combs are key to optical precision measurements. while most frequency combs operate in the near-infrared regime, many applications require combs at mid-infrared, visible or even ultra-violet wavelengths. frequency combs can be transferred to other wavelengths via nonlinear optical processes, however, ... | frequency comb up- and down-conversion in synchronously driven χ(2) optical microresonators |
the detection of the binary neutron star (bns) merger gw170817 and the associated electromagnetic (em) counterpart, the 'kilonova' (kn) at2017gfo, opened a new era in multimessenger astronomy. however, despite many efforts, it has been proven very difficult to find additional kne, even though ligo/virgo has reported at... | detectability of kilonovae in optical surveys: post-mortem examination of the lvc o3 run follow-up |
the extreme-precision spectrograph (expres) is an environmentally stabilized, fiber-fed, r = 137,500, optical spectrograph. it was recently commissioned at the 4.3 m lowell discovery telescope near flagstaff, arizona. the spectrograph was designed with a target radial-velocity (rv) precision of 30 cm s-1. in addition t... | an extreme-precision radial-velocity pipeline: first radial velocities from expres |
context. the number of satellites in low-earth orbit is increasing rapidly and many tens of thousands of satellites are expected to be launched in the coming years. there is a strong concern among the astronomical community about the contamination of optical and near-infrared observations by satellite trails, what has ... | analytical simulations of the effect of satellite constellations on optical and near-infrared observations |
although superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (snspds) are a promising technology for quantum optics, metrology, and astronomy, they currently lack a readout architecture that is scalable to the megapixel regime and beyond. in this work, we have designed and demonstrated such an architecture for snspds, cal... | the thermally coupled imager: a scalable readout architecture for superconducting nanowire single photon detectors |
the observational signatures of black holes in x-ray binary systems depend on their masses, spins, accretion rate, and the misalignment angle between the black hole spin and the orbital angular momentum. we present optical polarimetric observations of the black hole x-ray binary maxi j1820+070, from which we constrain ... | black hole spin–orbit misalignment in the x-ray binary maxi j1820+070 |
the star formation and metal enrichment histories of galaxies - at any epoch - constitute one of the key properties of galaxies, and their measurement is a core aim of observational extragalactic astronomy. the lack of deep rest-frame optical coverage at high redshift has made robust constraints elusive, but this is no... | first light and reionization epoch simulations (flares) vii: the star formation and metal enrichment histories of galaxies in the early universe |
we present the spectroscopic classification of astronomical transients (scat) survey, which is dedicated to spectrophotometric observations of transient objects such as supernovae and tidal disruption events. scat uses the supernova integral-field spectrograph (snifs) on the university of hawai'i 2.2 m (uh2.2m) telesco... | the spectroscopic classification of astronomical transients (scat) survey: overview, pipeline description, initial results, and future plans |
on 2019 august 14 the laser interferometer gravitational wave observatory (ligo) and the virgo gravitational wave interferometer announced the detection of a binary merger, s190814bv, with a low false alarm rate of about 1 in 1.6 × 1025 yr, a distance of 267 ± 52 mpc, a 90% (50%) localization region of about 23 (5) deg... | a galaxy-targeted search for the optical counterpart of the candidate ns-bh merger s190814bv with magellan |
the extreme precision spectrograph (expres) is a new doppler spectrograph designed to reach a radial-velocity measurement precision sufficient to detect earth-like exoplanets orbiting nearby, bright stars. we report on extensive laboratory testing and on-sky observations to quantitatively assess the instrumental radial... | performance verification of the extreme precision spectrograph |
we report on multi-wavelength monitoring observations of an m-dwarf flare star ad leonis with the seimei telescope (6150-7930 å), scat (spectroscopic chuo-university astronomical telescope; 3700-7500 å), and nicer (neutron star interior composition explorer; 0.2-12.0 kev), with the collaboration of the oister (optical ... | optical and x-ray observations of stellar flares on an active m dwarf ad leonis with the seimei telescope, scat, nicer, and oister |
the upcoming laser interferometer space antenna (lisa) mission offers the unique opportunity to study the milky way through gravitational wave (gw) radiation from a large population of galactic binaries. among the variety of galactic gw sources, lisa is expected to individually resolve signals from ∼105 ultra-compact d... | a multimessenger study of the milky way's stellar disc and bulge with lisa, gaia, and lsst |
superconducting transition-edge sensors (tes) are extremely sensitive microcalorimeters used as photon detectors with unparalleled energy resolution. they have found application from measuring astronomical spectra through to determining the quantum property of photon-number, $\hat{n} {=} \hat{a}^† \hat{a}$, for energie... | precisely determining photon-number in real-time |
megaconstellations of thousands to tens of thousands of artificial satellites (satcons) are rapidly being developed and launched. these satcons will have negative consequences for observational astronomy research, and are poised to drastically interfere with naked-eye stargazing worldwide should mitigation efforts be u... | visibility predictions for near-future satellite megaconstellations: latitudes near 50° will experience the worst light pollution |
the wave nature of light imposes limits on the resolution of optical imaging systems. for over a century, the abbe-rayleigh criterion has been utilized to assess the spatial resolution limits of imaging instruments. recently, there has been interest in using spatial projective measurements to enhance the resolution of ... | smart quantum statistical imaging beyond the abbe-rayleigh criterion |
the imaging performance of an optical microscope can be degraded by sample-induced aberrations. a general strategy to undo the effect of these aberrations is to apply wavefront correction with a deformable mirror (dm). in most cases, the dm is placed conjugate to the microscope pupil, called pupil adaptive optics (ao).... | field of view advantage of conjugate adaptive optics in microscopy applications |
stellar-mass black holes (bhs) are predicted to be embedded in the disks of active galactic nuclei (agns) due to gravitational drag and in situ star formation. however, clear evidence for agn disk-embedded bhs is currently lacking. here, as possible electromagnetic signatures of these bhs, we investigate breakout emiss... | observable signatures of stellar-mass black holes in active galactic nuclei |
the groundbreaking image of the black hole at the center of the m87 galaxy has raised questions at the intersection of observational astronomy and black hole physics. how well can the radius of a black hole shadow be measured, and can this measurement be used to distinguish general relativity from other theories of gra... | spherical accretion in alternative theories of gravity |
we present 75 near-infrared (nir; 0.8-2.5 μm) spectra of 34 stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae (sesne) obtained by the carnegie supernova project-ii (csp-ii), encompassing optical spectroscopic types iib, ib, ic, and ic-bl. the spectra range in phase from pre-maximum to 80 days past maximum. this unique data se... | carnegie supernova project-ii: near-infrared spectroscopy of stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae |
we report on fe i in the dayside atmosphere of the ultra-hot-jupiter wasp-33b, providing evidence for a thermal inversion in the presence of an atomic species. we also introduce a new way to constrain the planet's brightness variation throughout its orbit, including its day-night contrast and peak phase offset, using h... | dayside fe i emission, day-night brightness contrast and phase offset of the exoplanet wasp-33b |
we detect 20 z = 7.0 lyα emitter (lae) candidates to l(lyα) ∼ 2 × 1042 erg s-1 or 0.3 {l}z=7*and in a volume of 6.1 × 105 mpc3 in the subaru deep field and the subaru/xmm-newton deep survey field by 82 hr and 37 hr of subaru suprime-cam narrowband nb973 and reddest optical y-band imaging. we compare their lyα and uv lu... | a new constraint on reionization from the evolution of the lyα luminosity function at z ∼ 6-7 probed by a deep census of z = 7.0 lyα emitter candidates to 0.3l * |
we measure the recent star formation history (sfh) across m31 using optical images taken with the hubble space telescope as part of the panchromatic hubble andromeda treasury (phat). we fit the color-magnitude diagrams in ∼9000 regions that are ∼100 pc × 100 pc in projected size, covering a 0.5 square degree area (∼380... | the panchromatic hubble andromeda treasury. xi. the spatially resolved recent star formation history of m31 |
the need to observe objects that are smaller than the diffraction limit has led to the development of various superresolution techniques. however, most such techniques require active interaction with the sample, which may not be possible in multiple practical scenarios. the recently developed technique of hermite-gauss... | passive superresolution imaging of incoherent objects |
one promising application of photonics to astronomical instrumentation is the miniaturization of near-infrared (nir) spectrometers for large ground- and space-based astronomical telescopes. here we present new results from our effort to fabricate arrayed waveguide grating (awg) spectrometers for astronomical applicatio... | arrayed waveguide grating spectrometers for astronomical applications: new results |
hipercam is a portable, quintuple-beam optical imager that saw first light on the 10.4-m gran telescopio canarias (gtc) in 2018. the instrument uses re-imaging optics and four dichroic beamsplitters to record $u_{\rm s}\, g_{\rm s}\, r_{\rm s}\, i_{\rm s}\, z_{\rm s}$ (320-1060 nm) images simultaneously on its five ccd... | hipercam: a quintuple-beam, high-speed optical imager on the 10.4-m gran telescopio canarias |
using the 0.9-4.4 μm imaging data from the james webb space telescope (jwst) early release observation in the smacs j0723.3-7327 galaxy cluster field, we discuss the properties of three submillimeter galaxies (smgs) detected by the atacama large millimeter/submillimeter array array. these sources are magnified by 1.4-2... | properties of host galaxies of submillimeter sources as revealed by jwst early release observations in smacs j0723.3-7327 |
freeform optics has become the most prominent element of the optics industry. advanced freeform optical designs supplementary to ultra-precision manufacturing and metrology techniques have upgraded the lifestyle, thinking, and observing power of existing humans. imaginations related to space explorations, portability, ... | advances in the design and manufacturing of novel freeform optics |
the james webb space telescope (jwst) is nasa's flagship mission successor to the highly successful hubble space telescope. it is an infrared observatory featuring a cryogenic 6.6 m aperture, deployable optical telescope element (ote) with a payload of four science instruments (sis) assembled into an integrated science... | the design, verification, and performance of the james webb space telescope |
we study the spectrophotometric properties of a highly magnified (μ ≃ 40{--}70) pair of stellar systems identified at z = 3.2222 behind the hubble frontier field galaxy cluster macs j0416. five multiple images (out of six) have been spectroscopically confirmed by means of vlt/muse and vlt/x-shooter observations. each i... | magnifying the early episodes of star formation: super star clusters at cosmological distances |
this work presents ground-based spectrally resolved water emission at r = 30,000-100,000 over infrared wavelengths covered by the jwst (2.9-12.8 μm). two new surveys with ishell and the visir are combined with previous spectra from the crires to cover parts of multiple rovibrational and rotational bands observable with... | the kinematics and excitation of infrared water vapor emission from planet-forming disks: results from spectrally resolved surveys and guidelines for jwst spectra |
optical frequency combs (ofcs) are a unique kind of light source, which are represented as a series of equally spaced coherent spectral lines in the frequency domain. ofcs can mainly be divided into mode‑locked lasers, kerr frequency combs, and electro‑optic frequency combs (e‑o combs), which have broad applications in... | electro‑optic frequency combs: theory, characteristics, and applications |
the transmission spectra of ultra-hot jupiters observed shortward of 0.5 μm indicate strong absorption. previous explanations have included scattering, photochemistry, escaping metals, and disequilibrium chemistry. in this letter, we show that slopes and features shortward of 0.5 μm can be caused by opacity not commonl... | uv exoplanet transmission spectral features as probes of metals and rainout |
context. the gravity instrument was commissioned on the vlti in 2016 and is now available to the astronomical community. it is the first optical interferometer capable of observing sources as faint as magnitude 19 in k band. this is possible through the fringe tracker, which compensates the differential piston based on... | the gravity fringe tracker |
the ligo detection of gravitational waves (gw) from merging black holes in 2015 marked the beginning of a new era in observational astronomy. the detection of an electromagnetic signal from a gw source is the critical next step to explore in detail the physics involved. the antarctic survey telescopes (ast3), located a... | optical observations of ligo source gw 170817 by the antarctic survey telescopes at dome a, antarctica |
astronomical imaging can be broadly classified into two types. the first type is amplitude interferometry, which includes conventional optical telescopes and very large baseline interferometry (vlbi). the second type is intensity interferometry, which relies on hanbury brown and twiss-type measurements. at optical freq... | a quantitative comparison of amplitude versus intensity interferometry for astronomy |
we present the mkid exoplanet camera (mec), a z through j band (800-1400 nm) integral field spectrograph located behind the subaru coronagraphic extreme adaptive optics (scexao) at the subaru telescope on maunakea that utilizes microwave kinetic inductance detectors (mkids) as the enabling technology for high contrast ... | the mkid exoplanet camera for subaru scexao |
beginning with a continuous wave laser at 1064 nm, we generate a 30 ghz electro-optic frequency comb which contains 100 lines spanning 3 thz. the initial comb is subsequently amplified, spectrally broadened in normal dispersion photonic crystal fiber, and then temporally compressed to provide 74 fs pulses with average ... | 30 ghz electro-optic frequency comb spanning 300 thz in the near infrared and visible |
the results of speckle interferometric observations at the southern astrophysical research telescope (soar) telescope in 2014 are given. a total of 1641 observations were taken, yielding 1636 measurements of 1218 resolved binary and multiple stars and 577 non-resolutions of 441 targets. we resolved for the first time 5... | speckle interferometry at soar in 2014 |
accreting protoplanets are windows into planet formation processes, and high-contrast differential imaging is an effective way to identify them. we report results from the giant accreting protoplanet survey (gaplanets), which collected hα differential imagery of 14 transitional disk host stars with the magellan adaptiv... | the giant accreting protoplanet survey (gaplanets)-results from a 6 yr campaign to image accreting protoplanets |
the fu orionis-type objects (fuors) are low-mass pre-main-sequence stars undergoing a temporary but significant increase of mass accretion rate from the circumstellar disk onto the protostar. it is not yet clear what triggers the accretion bursts and whether the disks of fuors are in any way different from the disks of... | massive compact disks around fu orionis-type young eruptive stars revealed by alma |
two variants of optical imaging velocimetry, specifically the one-dimensional streaked line-imaging and the two-dimensional time-resolved area-imaging versions of the velocity interferometer system for any reflector (visar), have become important diagnostics in high energy density sciences, including inertial confineme... | imaging velocity interferometer system for any reflector (visar) diagnostics for high energy density sciences |
hot jupiters are rarely accompanied by other planets within a factor of a few in orbital distance. previously, only two such systems have been found. here, we report the discovery of a third system using data from the transiting exoplanet survey satellite (tess). the host star, toi-1130, is an eleventh magnitude k-dwar... | tess spots a hot jupiter with an inner transiting neptune |
the focus of this report is on the opportunities enabled by the combination of lsst, euclid and wfirst, the optical surveys that will be an essential part of the next decade's astronomy. the sum of these surveys has the potential to be significantly greater than the contributions of the individual parts. as is detailed... | the whole is greater than the sum of the parts: optimizing the joint science return from lsst, euclid and wfirst |
we present the analysis of the hot-jupiter kelt-7 b using transmission and emission spectroscopy from the hubble space telescope, both taken with the wide field camera 3. our study uncovers a rich transmission spectrum that is consistent with a cloud-free atmosphere and suggests the presence of h2o and h-. in contrast,... | ares. iii. unveiling the two faces of kelt-7 b with hst wfc3 |
deep optical and near-infrared imaging of the entire galactic plane is essential for understanding our galaxy's stars, gas, and dust. the second data release of the dark energy camera (decam) plane survey extends the five-band optical and near-infrared survey of the southern galactic plane to cover 6.5% of the sky, ∣b∣... | the dark energy camera plane survey 2 (decaps2): more sky, less bias, and better uncertainties |
we present a h i optical catalog of ∼30,000 galaxies based on the 100% complete arecibo legacy fast arecibo l-band feed array (alfalfa) survey combined with data from the sloan digital sky survey (sdss). our goal is to facilitate the public use of the completed alfalfa catalog by providing carefully determined matches ... | the alfalfa-sdss galaxy catalog |
despite rapidly growing disk observations, it remains a mystery what primordial dust aggregates look like and what the physical and chemical properties of their constituent grains (monomers) are in young planet-forming disks. confrontation of models with observations to answer this mystery has been a notorious task bec... | fractal aggregates of submicron-sized grains in the young planet-forming disk around im lup |
context. the innermost astronomical unit (au) in protoplanetary disks is a key region for stellar and planet formation, as exoplanet searches have shown a large occurrence of close-in planets that are located within the first au around their host star.aims: we aim to reveal the morphology of the disk inner rim using ne... | a family portrait of disk inner rims around herbig ae/be stars. hunting for warps, rings, self shadowing, and misalignments in the inner astronomical units |
using a data-driven machine learning tool we report t eff, $\mathrm{log}(g)$ , $v\sin (i)$ , and elemental abundances for 15 elements (c, n, o, na, mg, al, si, ca, ti, v, cr, mn, fe, ni, y) for a sample of 25 exoplanet host stars targeted by jwst's first year of observations. the chemical diversity of these stars show ... | chemical abundances for 25 jwst exoplanet host stars with keckspec |
the resolution of optical imaging devices is ultimately limited by the diffraction of light. to circumvent this limit, modern superresolution microscopy techniques employ active interaction with the object by exploiting its optical nonlinearities, nonclassical properties of the illumination beam, or near field probing.... | superresolution linear optical imaging in the far field |
over the last four decades of palaeoclimate research, significant emphasis has been placed on the last glacial maximum (lgm) spanning 26.5-19 thousand years ago (ka), a period that saw significant (∼125 m) sea-level reductions and major ice caps adorning large parts of the northern hemisphere. here, we present evidence... | marine isotope stage 4 in australasia: a full glacial culminating 65,000 years ago - global connections and implications for human dispersal |
we present the automated photometry of transients (autophot) package, a novel automated pipeline that is designed for rapid, publication-quality photometry of astronomical transients. autophot is built from the ground up using python 3 - with no dependencies on legacy software. capabilities of autophot include aperture... | the automated photometry of transients pipeline (autophot) |
we derive a distance of 15.8 ± 0.4 mpc to the archetypal seyfert 1 galaxy ngc 4151 based on the near-infrared cepheid period-luminosity relation and new hubble space telescope multiband imaging. this distance determination, based on measurements of 35 long-period (p > 25 days) cepheids, will support the absolute cal... | the cepheid distance to the seyfert 1 galaxy ngc 4151 |
a noiseless, photon-counting detector, which resolves the energy of each photon, could radically change astronomy, biophysics, and quantum optics. superconducting detectors promise an intrinsic resolving power at visible wavelengths of r =e /δ e ≈100 due to their low excitation energy. we study superconducting energy-r... | phonon-trapping-enhanced energy resolution in superconducting single-photon detectors |
detecting gravitationally lensed supernovae is among the biggest challenges in astronomy. it involves a combination of two very rare phenomena: catching the transient signal of a stellar explosion in a distant galaxy and observing it through a nearly perfectly aligned foreground galaxy that deflects light towards the o... | uncovering a population of gravitational lens galaxies with magnified standard candle sn zwicky |
we present alma band 6 (ν = 233 ghz, λ = 1.3 mm) continuum observations toward 68 “normal” star-forming galaxies within two coma-like progenitor structures at z = 2.10 and 2.47, from which ism masses are derived, providing the largest census of molecular gas mass in overdense environments at these redshifts. our sample... | on the gas content, star formation efficiency, and environmental quenching of massive galaxies in protoclusters at z ≈ 2.0-2.5 |
an overview of the seimei telescope, a 3.8 m optical infrared telescope located on mt. chikurinji in the okayama prefecture of japan, is presented. seimei is a segmented-mirror telescope whose primary mirror consists of 18 petal-shaped segments. the telescope tube supporting the thin segmented mirrors is structurally i... | the seimei telescope project and technical developments |
after hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon, nitrogen is one of the most chemically active species in the interstellar medium. nitrogen-bearing molecules are very important as they are actively involved in the formation of biomolecules. therefore, it is essential to look for nitrogen-bearing species in various astrophysical sou... | identification of prebiotic molecules containing peptide-like bonds in a hot molecular core, g10.47+0.03 |
the high-cadence survey of the zwicky transient facility (ztf) has completely dominated the discovery of tidal disruption events (tdes) in the past few years and resulted in the largest sample of tdes with optical/uv light curves well sampled around their peaks, providing us an excellent opportunity to construct a peak... | the luminosity function of tidal disruption flares for the ztf-i survey |
m dwarfs have enormous potential for our understanding of structure and formation on both galactic and exoplanetary scales through their properties and compositions. however, current atmosphere models have limited ability to reproduce spectral features in stars at the coolest temperatures (teff < 4200 k) and to full... | temperatures and metallicities of m dwarfs in the apogee survey |
we present ultraviolet through near-infrared (nir) broadband photometry, and visual-wavelength and nir spectroscopy of the type iax supernova (sn) 2012z. the data set consists of both early- and late-time observations, including the first late phase nir spectrum obtained for a spectroscopically classified sn iax. simpl... | comprehensive observations of the bright and energetic type iax sn 2012z: interpretation as a chandrasekhar mass white dwarf explosion |
the first binary neutron star merger, gw170817, was accompanied by a radioactivity-powered optical/infrared transient called a kilonova. to date, no compelling kilonova has been found in all-sky optical surveys, independently of short gamma-ray burst and gravitational-wave triggers. in this work, we searched the first ... | constraining the kilonova rate with zwicky transient facility searches independent of gravitational wave and short gamma-ray burst triggers |
the sky quality meter (sqm) has become the most common device used to track the evolution of the brightness of the sky from polluted regions to first-class astronomical observatories. a vast database of sqm measurements already exists for many places in the world. unfortunately, the sqm operates over a wide spectral ba... | sky quality meter measurements in a colour-changing world |
the ultraviolet-visible wavelength range holds critical spectral diagnostics for the chemistry and physics at work in planetary atmospheres. to date, time-series studies of exoplanets to characterize their atmospheres have relied on several combinations of modes on the hubble space telescope's stis/cos instruments to a... | into the uv: a precise transmission spectrum of hat-p-41b using hubble's wfc3/uvis g280 grism |
on 2019 august 14, the ligo and virgo collaborations detected gravitational waves from a black hole and a 2.6 solar mass compact object, possibly the first neutron star-black hole merger. in search of an optical counterpart, the dark energy survey (des) obtained deep imaging of the entire 90% confidence level localizat... | constraints on the physical properties of gw190814 through simulations based on decam follow-up observations by the dark energy survey |
we present our photometric and spectroscopic observations of the peculiar transient at2018cow. the multiband photometry covers from peak to ∼70 days, and the spectroscopy ranges from 5 to ∼50 days. the rapid rise (tr ≲ 2.9 days), high luminosity (mv,peak ∼ -20.8 mag), and fast decline after peak make at2018cow stand ou... | the peculiar transient at2018cow: a possible origin of a type ibn/iin supernova |
observational astronomy of tidal disruption events (tdes) began with the detection of x-ray flares from quiescent galaxies during the rosat all-sky survey of 1990-1991. the flares complied with theoretical expectations, having high peak luminosities (lx up to ≥4 ×1044 erg/s), a thermal spectrum with k t ∼few ×105 k, an... | correction to: x-ray properties of tdes |
stellar radiation from x-rays to the visible provides the energy that controls the photochemistry and mass loss from exoplanet atmospheres. the important extreme ultraviolet (euv) region (10-91.2 nm) is inaccessible and should be computed from a reliable stellar model. it is essential to understand the formation region... | semi-empirical modeling of the photosphere, chromosphere, transition region, and corona of the m-dwarf host star gj 832 |
the c iii] λλ1907, 1909 emission doublet has been proposed as an alternative to lyman-α in redshift confirmations of galaxies at z ≳ 6 since it is not attenuated by the largely neutral intergalactic medium at these redshifts and is believed to be strong in the young, vigorously star-forming galaxies present at these ea... | the muse hubble ultra deep field survey. iv. global properties of c iii] emitters |
planets similar to earth but slightly more irradiated are expected to enter into a runaway greenhouse state, where all surface water rapidly evaporates, forming an optically thick h2o-dominated atmosphere. for earth, this extreme climate transition is thought to occur for an increase of only 6% in solar luminosity, tho... | the runaway greenhouse radius inflation effect. an observational diagnostic to probe water on earth-sized planets and test the habitable zone concept |
we present a new optical transmission spectrum of the hot jupiter wasp-79b. we observed three transits with the stis instrument mounted on the hubble space telescope (hst), spanning 0.3-1.0 μm. combining these transits with previous observations, we construct a complete 0.3-5.0 μm transmission spectrum of wasp-79b. bot... | hst pancet program: a complete near-uv to infrared transmission spectrum for the hot jupiter wasp-79b |
the core collapse of rapidly rotating massive ~ 10m ⊙ stars ("collapsars"), and the resulting formation of hyperaccreting black holes, comprise a leading model for the central engines of long-duration gamma-ray bursts (grbs) and promising sources of r-process nucleosynthesis. here, we explore the signatures of collapsa... | "super-kilonovae" from massive collapsars as signatures of black hole birth in the pair-instability mass gap |
we present evidence of tidally-driven inspiral in the kepler-1658 (koi-4) system, which consists of a giant planet (1.1r j, 5.9m j) orbiting an evolved host star (2.9r ⊙, 1.5m ⊙). using transit timing measurements from kepler, palomar/wirc, and tess, we show that the orbital period of kepler-1658b appears to be decreas... | the possible tidal demise of kepler's first planetary system |
we present a multiwavelength study of stellar flares on primarily g-type stars using overlapping time domain surveys in the near-ultraviolet (nuv) and optical regimes. the nuv (the galaxy evolution explorer; galex) and optical (kepler) wavelength domains are important for understanding energy fractionations in stellar ... | constraints on stellar flare energy ratios in the nuv and optical from a multiwavelength study of galex and kepler flare stars |
the chinese space station optical survey (css-os) is a major science project of the space application system of the china manned space program. this survey is planned to perform both photometric imaging and slitless spectroscopic observations, and it will focus on different cosmological and astronomical goals. most of ... | testing photometric redshift measurements with filter definition of the chinese space station optical survey (css-os) |
aims: whereas the evolution of gas kinematics of massive galaxies is now relatively well established up to redshift z ~ 3, little is known about the kinematics of lower mass (m⋆≤ 1010m⊙) galaxies. we use muse, a powerful wide-field, optical integral-field spectrograph (ifs) recently mounted on the vlt, to characterize ... | deep muse observations in the hdfs. morpho-kinematics of distant star-forming galaxies down to 108m⊙ |
for the first time in history, humans have reached the point where it is possible to construct a revolutionary space-based observatory that has the capability to find dozens of earth-like worlds, and possibly some with signs of life. this same telescope, designed as a long-lived facility, would also produce transformat... | from cosmic birth to living earths: the future of uvoir space astronomy |
betelgeuse, the nearest red supergiant star to earth, underwent an unusually deep minimum at optical wavelengths during its most recent pulsation cycle. we present submillimeter observations taken by the james clerk maxwell telescope and atacama pathfinder experiment over a time span of 13 yr including the optical dimm... | betelgeuse fainter in the submillimeter too: an analysis of jcmt and apex monitoring during the recent optical minimum |
one of the most common methods for inferring galaxy attenuation curves is via spectral energy distribution (sed) modeling, where the dust attenuation properties are modeled simultaneously with other galaxy physical properties. in this paper, we assess the ability of sed modeling to infer these dust attenuation curves f... | how well can we measure galaxy dust attenuation curves? the impact of the assumed star-dust geometry model in spectral energy distribution fitting |
with the great receiver at the stratospheric observatory for infrared astronomy (sofia), nine massive molecular clumps have been observed in the ammonia 32+-22- line at 1.8 thz in a search for signatures of infall. the sources were selected from the atlasgal submillimeter dust continuum survey of our galaxy. clumps wit... | infall through the evolution of high-mass star-forming clumps |
high angular resolution cosmic microwave background experiments provide a unique opportunity to conduct a survey of time-variable sources at millimeter wavelengths, a population that has primarily been understood through follow-up measurements of detections in other bands. here we report the first results of an astrono... | detection of galactic and extragalactic millimeter-wavelength transient sources with spt-3g |
a large fraction of type ia supernova (sn ia) observations over the next decade will be in the near-infrared (nir), at wavelengths beyond the reach of the current standard light-curve model for sn ia cosmology, salt3 (~2800-8700 å central filter wavelength). to harness this new sn ia sample and reduce future light-curv... | salt3-nir: taking the open-source type ia supernova model to longer wavelengths for next-generation cosmological measurements |
three tidal disruption event candidates (at2019dsg, at2019fdr, and at2019aalc) have been associated with high-energy astrophysical neutrinos in multimessenger follow-ups. in all cases, the neutrino observation occurred ${ \mathcal o }(100)$ days after the maximum of the optical-ultraviolet (ouv) luminosity. we discuss ... | interpretation of the observed neutrino emission from three tidal disruption events |
with the conclusion of the third observing run for advanced ligo/virgo (o3), we present a detailed analysis of both triggered and serendipitous observations of 17 gravitational-wave (gw) events (7 triggered and 10 purely serendipitous) from the searches after gravitational-waves using arizona observatories (saguaro) pr... | searches after gravitational waves using arizona observatories (saguaro): observations and analysis from advanced ligo/virgo's third observing run |
we demonstrate various regimes of synchronization in systems of two coupled cavity soliton-based kerr frequency combs. we show subharmonic, harmonic, and harmonic-ratio synchronization of coupled microresonators, and reveal their dynamics in the form of arnold tongues, structures that are ubiquitous in nonlinear dynami... | observation of arnold tongues in coupled soliton kerr frequency combs |
improved quantum sensing of photons from astronomical objects could provide high resolution observations in the optical benefiting numerous fields, including general relativity, dark matter studies, and cosmology. it has been recently proposed that stations in optical interferometers would not require a phase-stable op... | two-photon amplitude interferometry for precision astrometry |
constraining the distribution of gas and dust in the inner 20 au of protoplanetary disks is difficult. at the same time, this region is thought to be responsible for most planet formation, especially around the water ice line at 3-10 au. under the assumption that the gas is in a keplerian disk, we use the exquisite sen... | molecules with alma at planet-forming scales (maps). xv. tracing protoplanetary disk structure within 20 au |
a fraction of the electromagnetic radiation emitted from the surface of a geometrically thin and optically thick accretion disk of a black hole returns to the disk because of the strong light bending in the vicinity of the compact object (returning radiation). while such radiation clearly affects the observed spectrum ... | impact of the returning radiation on the analysis of the reflection spectra of black holes |
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