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for solar system objects, ultraviolet spectroscopy has been critical in identifying sources of stratospheric heating and measuring the abundances of a variety of hydrocarbon and sulfur-bearing species, produced via photochemical mechanisms, as well as oxygen and ozone. to date, fewer than 20 exoplanets have been probed... | into the uv: the atmosphere of the hot jupiter hat-p-41b revealed |
we demonstrate a complex waveguide bragg grating (cwbg) which can be designed to generate an arbitrary transmission spectrum. a comprehensive design method, based on the layer peeling/adding algorithm, is developed to realize the grating on a silica-on-silicon platform. the cwbg has a simple one-layer waveguide structu... | arbitrary on-chip optical filter using complex waveguide bragg gratings |
the large and small magellanic clouds (lmc and smc) are the largest satellite galaxies of the milky way and close enough to allow for a detailed exploration of their structure and formation history. the survey of the magellanic stellar history (smash) is a community dark energy camera (decam) survey of the magellanic c... | the second data release of the survey of the magellanic stellar history (smash) |
the euclid, rubin/lsst and roman (wfirst) projects will undertake flagship optical/near-infrared surveys in the next decade. by mapping thousands of square degrees of sky and covering the electromagnetic spectrum between 0.3 and 2 microns with sub-arcsec resolution, these projects will detect several tens of billions o... | joint survey processing of euclid, rubin and roman: final report |
ultra-diffuse galaxies (udgs) are both extreme products of galaxy evolution and extreme environments in which to test our understanding of star formation. in this work, we contrast the spatially resolved star formation activity of a sample of 22 h i-selected udgs and 35 low-mass galaxies from the nasa sloan atlas (nsa)... | ultra-diffuse galaxies as extreme star-forming environments. i. mapping star formation in h i-rich udgs |
adaptive optics (ao) is critical in astronomy, optical communications and remote sensing to deal with the rapid blurring caused by the earth's turbulent atmosphere. but current ao systems are limited by their wavefront sensors, which need to be in an optical plane non-common to the science image and are insensitive to ... | an all-photonic focal-plane wavefront sensor |
the coupling of large telescopes to astronomical instruments has historically been challenging due to the tension between instrument throughput and stability. light from the telescope can either be injected wholesale into the instrument, maintaining high throughput at the cost of point-spread function (psf) stability, ... | design considerations of photonic lanterns for diffraction-limited spectrometry |
orbital angular momentum is a fundamental degree of freedom of light that manifests itself even at the single photon level. the coherent generation and beaming of structured light usually requires bulky and slow components. using wave singularities known as bound states in continuum, we report an integrated device that... | integrated and steerable vortex lasers using bound states in continuum |
the transition from earlier lighting technologies to white light-emitting diodes (leds) is a significant change in the use of artificial light at night. leds emit considerably more short-wavelength light into the environment than earlier technologies on a per-lumen basis. radiative transfer models predict increased sky... | skyglow changes over tucson, arizona, resulting from a municipal led street lighting conversion |
context. the detection of exoplanets by direct imaging is an active research topic in astronomy. even with the coupling of an extreme adaptive-optics system with a coronagraph, it remains challenging due to the very high contrast between the host star and the exoplanets.aims: the purpose of this paper is to describe a ... | exoplanet detection in angular differential imaging by statistical learning of the nonstationary patch covariances. the paco algorithm |
as part of villanova's living with a red dwarf program, we have obtained uv, x-ray, and optical data of the population ii red dwarf -- kapteyn's star. kapteyn's star is noteworthy for its large proper motions and high radial velocity of ∼+245 km s-1. as the nearest pop ii red dwarf, it serves as an old age anchor for c... | living with a red dwarf: rotation and x-ray and ultraviolet properties of the halo population kapteyn's star |
in the current era of time-domain astronomy, it is increasingly important to have rigorous, data-driven models for classifying transients, including supernovae. we present the first application of principal component analysis to the photospheric spectra of stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae. we use one of the l... | optimal classification and outlier detection for stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae |
in november 2020, the swift team announced an update to the ultraviolet and optical telescope calibration to correct for the loss of sensitivity over time. this correction affects observations in the three near-ultraviolet (uv) filters, by up to 0.3 mag in some cases. as uv photometry is critical to characterizing tida... | a swift fix for nuclear outbursts |
the current tension between the direct and the early-universe measurements of the hubble constant, h0, requires detailed scrutiny of all the data and methods used in the studies on both sides of the debate. the cepheids in the type ia supernova (sn ia) host galaxy ngc 5584 played a key role in the local measurement of ... | inspecting the cepheid distance ladder: the hubble space telescope distance to the sn ia host galaxy ngc 5584 |
image subtraction is essential for transient detection in time-domain astronomy. the point-spread function (psf), photometric scaling, and sky background generally vary with time and across the field of view for imaging data taken with ground-based optical telescopes. image subtraction algorithms need to match these va... | image subtraction in fourier space |
one of the strongest na i features was observed in wasp-96b. to confirm this novel detection, we provide a new 475-825 nm transmission spectrum obtained with magellan/imacs, which indeed confirms the presence of a broad sodium absorption feature. we find the same result when reanalyzing the 400-825 nm vlt/fors2 data. w... | access: confirmation of a clear atmosphere for wasp-96b and a comparison of light curve detrending techniques |
we analyze the dust properties of 57 870 μm-selected dusty star-forming galaxies in goods-s using new deep atacama large millimeter/submillimeter array 1.2, 2, and 3 mm continuum imaging together with other far-infrared through millimeter data. we fit the spectral energy distributions (seds) with optically thin modifie... | dust properties of 870 μm-selected galaxies in goods-s |
the understanding of novae, the thermonuclear eruptions on the surfaces of white dwarf stars in binaries, has recently undergone a major paradigm shift. though the bolometric luminosity of novae was long thought to arise directly from photons supplied by the thermonuclear runaway, recent gigaelectronvolt (gev) gamma-ra... | search for sub-tev neutrino emission from novae with icecube-deepcore |
interstellar dust affects many astronomical observations through absorption and reddening, yet this extinction is also a powerful tool for studying interstellar matter in galaxies. three-dimensional (3d) reconstructions of dust extinction and density in the milky way have suffered from artefacts such as the fingers-of-... | three-dimensional dust density structure of the orion, cygnus x, taurus, and perseus star-forming regions |
we present ∼0.″10 resolution atacama large millimeter/submillimeter array (alma) co(2-1) imaging of the arcsecond-scale (r ≈ 150 pc) dusty molecular disk in the giant elliptical galaxy ngc 3258. the data provide unprecedented resolution of the cold gas disk kinematics within the dynamical sphere of influence of a super... | a precision measurement of the mass of the black hole in ngc 3258 from high-resolution alma observations of its circumnuclear disk |
we present element abundance ratios and ionizing radiation of local young low-mass (∼106 m⊙) extremely metal-poor galaxies (empgs) with a 2% solar oxygen abundance (o/h)⊙ and a high specific star formation rate (ssfr ∼ 300 gyr-1) and other (extremely) metal-poor galaxies, which are compiled from extremely metal-poor re... | empress. ii. highly fe-enriched metal-poor galaxies with ∼1.0 (fe/o)⊙ and 0.02 (o/h)⊙: possible traces of supermassive (>300 m⊙) stars in early galaxies |
context. tentative correlations between the presence of dusty circumstellar debris discs and low-mass planets have recently been presented. in parallel, detailed chemical abundance studies have reported different trends between samples of planet and non-planet hosts. whether these chemical differences are indeed relate... | searching for signatures of planet formation in stars with circumstellar debris discs |
we report the discovery of rave j203843.2-002333, a bright (v = 12.73), very metal-poor ([{fe}/{{h}}] = -2.91), r-process-enhanced ([{eu}/{fe}] = +1.64 and [{ba}/{eu}] = -0.81) star selected from the rave survey. this star was identified as a metal-poor candidate based on its medium-resolution (r ∼ 1600) spectrum obtai... | rave j203843.2-002333: the first highly r-process-enhanced star identified in the rave survey |
the ongoing optical time-domain astronomy surveys are routinely reporting fifty transient candidates per night. here, i investigate the demographics of astronomical transients and supernova classifications reported to the transient name server in the year 2019. i find that only a tenth of the transients were spectrally... | towards an integrated optical transient utility |
context. young stellar objects are thought to accrete material from their circumstellar disks through their strong stellar magnetospheres.aims: we aim to directly probe the magnetospheric accretion region on a scale of a few 0.01 au in a young stellar system using long-baseline optical interferometry.methods: we observ... | probing the magnetospheric accretion region of the young pre-transitional disk system doar 44 using vlti/gravity |
we present a detailed spectral analysis of the joint xmm-newton and nustar observations of the active galactic nuclei (agns) in the seyfert 1.5 galaxy eso 362-g18. the broadband (0.3-79 kev) spectrum shows the presence of a power-law continuum with a soft excess below 2 kev, iron kα emission (∼6.4 kev), and a compton h... | the nature of soft excess in eso 362-g18 revealed by xmm-newton and nustar spectroscopy |
imaging through scattering media has been one of the main challenges in optics, and are encountered in many different disciplines of sciences, ranging from biology, mesoscopic physics to astronomy. recently, various methods have been proposed. in this manuscript, we propose a robust method for imaging through scatterin... | imaging through scattering media with the auxiliary of a known reference object |
context. a very rich cluster intermediate in age between the pleiades (150 myr) and the hyades (600 myr) is needed to probe the rotational evolution, especially the transition between fast and slow rotation that occurs between the two ages.aims: we study the rich 300 myr-old open cluster ngc 3532 to probe this importan... | rotation periods for cool stars in the open cluster ngc 3532. the transition from fast to slow rotation |
the cosmology large angular scale surveyor (class) is a telescope array that observes the cosmic microwave background (cmb) over 75% of the sky from the atacama desert, chile, at frequency bands centered near 40, 90, 150, and 220 ghz. class measures the large angular scale (1° ≲ θ ≤ 90°) cmb polarization to constrain t... | two-year cosmology large angular scale surveyor (class) observations: 40 ghz telescope pointing, beam profile, window function, and polarization performance |
we present a catalog of 316 trans-neptunian bodies (tnos) detected from the first four seasons ("y4" data) of the dark energy survey (des). the survey covers a contiguous 5000 deg2 of the southern sky in the grizy optical/nir filter set, with a typical tno in this part of the sky being targeted by 25-30 y4 exposures. t... | trans-neptunian objects found in the first four years of the dark energy survey |
the runaway greenhouse represents the ultimate climate catastrophe for rocky, earth-like worlds: when the incoming stellar flux cannot be balanced by radiation to space, the oceans evaporate and exacerbate heating, turning the planet into a hot wasteland with a steam atmosphere overlying a possibly molten magma surface... | beyond runaway: initiation of the post-runaway greenhouse state on rocky exoplanets |
we present observations and analyses of eight white dwarf stars (wds) that have accreted rocky material from their surrounding planetary systems. the spectra of these helium-atmosphere wds contain detectable optical lines of all four major rock-forming elements (o, mg, si, and fe). this work increases the sample of oxy... | new chondritic bodies identified in eight oxygen-bearing white dwarfs |
the astronomical transient at2018cow is the closest example of the new class of luminous, fast blue optical transients (fbots). liverpool telescope ringo3 observations of at 2018cow are reported here, which constitute the earliest polarimetric observations of an fbot. at $5.7\, \mathrm{days}$ post-explosion, the optica... | a flash of polarized optical light points to an aspherical 'cow' |
in astronomy, upcoming space telescopes with wide-field optical instruments have a spatially varying point spread function (psf). specific scientific goals require a high-fidelity estimation of the psf at target positions where no direct measurement of the psf is provided. even though observations of the psf are availa... | rethinking data-driven point spread function modeling with a differentiable optical model |
in this article, we present the results of astronomical seeing measurements conducted at the maidanak observatory and the influence of meteorological parameters on astronomical seeing. a differential image motion monitor (dimm) was used to measure astronomical seeing. astronomical seeing observations were made between ... | astronomical seeing and meteorological parameters at maidanak observatory |
the next generation of experiments for the measurement of the cosmic microwave background (cmb) requires more and more the use of advanced materials, with specific physical and structural properties. an example is the material used for receiver's cryostat windows and internal lenses. the large throughput of current cmb... | ultra high molecular weight polyethylene: optical features at millimeter wavelengths |
we construct a scuba-2 450 μm map in the cosmos field that covers an area of 300 arcmin2 and reaches a 1σ noise level of 0.65 mjy in the deepest region. we extract 256 sources detected at 450 μm with signal-to-noise ratios >4.0 and analyze the physical properties of their multiwavelength counterparts. we find that m... | scuba-2 ultra deep imaging eao survey (studies). iii. multiwavelength properties, luminosity functions, and preliminary source catalog of 450 μm selected galaxies |
we study the propagation of electromagnetic (em) waves in the solar system and develop a mie theory that accounts for the refractive properties of the free electron plasma in the extended solar corona. we use a generic model for the electron number density distribution and apply the eikonal approximation to find a solu... | diffraction of light by plasma in the solar system |
imaging observations of jupiter with high spatial resolution were acquired beginning in 2016, with a cadence of 53 days to coincide with atmospheric observations of the juno spacecraft during each perijove pass. the wide field camera 3 (wfc3) aboard the hubble space telescope (hst) collected jupiter images from 236 to ... | high-resolution uv/optical/ir imaging of jupiter in 2016-2019 |
a detailed study of the uv-bright stars in the old open star cluster m67 is presented based on the far-uv observations using the ultra violet imaging telescope (uvit) on astrosat. the uv and uv-optical color-magnitude diagrams (cmds), along with overlaid isochrones, are presented for the member stars, which include blu... | uvit open cluster study. ii. detection of extremely low mass white dwarfs and post-mass transfer binaries in m67 |
embedded class 0/i protostellar disks represent the initial condition for planet formation. this calls for a better understanding of their bulk properties and the dust grains within them. we model multiwavelength dust continuum observations of the disk surrounding the class i protostar tmc1a to provide insight on these... | gravitational instability, spiral substructure, and modest grain growth in a typical protostellar disk: modeling multiwavelength dust continuum observations of tmc1a |
we develop a general optical model and describe the absolute radiometric calibration of the readings provided by two widely-used night sky brightness sensors based on irradiance-to-frequency conversion. the calibration involves the precise determination of the overall spectral sensitivity of the devices and also the co... | absolute radiometric calibration of tess-w and sqm night sky brightness sensors |
seeing—the angular size of stellar images blurred by atmospheric turbulence—is a critical parameter used to assess the quality of astronomical sites at optical/infrared wavelengths. median values at the best mid-latitude sites are generally in the range of 0.6-0.8 arcseconds1-3. sites on the antarctic plateau are chara... | night-time measurements of astronomical seeing at dome a in antarctica |
it is widely believed that range resolution, the ability to distinguish between two closely situated targets, depends inversely on the bandwidth of the transmitted radar signal. here we demonstrate a different type of ranging system, which possesses superior range resolution that is almost completely free of bandwidth ... | partially coherent radar unties range resolution from bandwidth limitations |
we present the first results of the high cadence transient survey (hits), a survey for which the objective is to detect and follow-up optical transients with characteristic timescales from hours to days, especially the earliest hours of supernova (sn) explosions. hits uses the dark energy camera and a custom pipeline f... | the high cadence transient survey (hits). i. survey design and supernova shock breakout constraints |
aims: we measured the sloan g' magnitudes of the starlink's starlink-1130 (darksat) and 1113 low earth orbit (leo) communication satellites to determine the effectiveness of the darksat darkening treatment at 475.4 nm.methods: two observations of the starlink's darksat leo communication satellite were conducted on 2020... | first observations and magnitude measurement of starlink's darksat |
with a temperature akin to an m dwarf, wasp-33b is among the hottest jupiters known, making it an ideal target for high-resolution optical spectroscopy. by analyzing both transmission and emission spectra, we aim to substantiate previous reports of atmospheric tio and a thermal inversion within the planet's atmosphere.... | search for tio and optical nightside emission from the exoplanet wasp-33b |
an important question in extragalactic astronomy concerns the distribution of black hole accretion rates of active galactic nuclei (agns). based on observations at x-ray wavelengths, the observed eddington ratio distribution appears as a power law, while optical studies have often yielded a lognormal distribution. ther... | the intrinsic eddington ratio distribution of active galactic nuclei in star-forming galaxies from the sloan digital sky survey |
thanks to its unique properties, glass plays a fundamental role in science and technology, especially in optics and photonics. for instance, its transparency has been exploited in the last decades for efficiently guiding light in optical fibers for long distances, while its versatility makes it the perfect material in ... | advanced photonic and optofluidic devices fabricated in glass via femtosecond laser micromachining [invited] |
wide angle or fisheye cameras provide a high resolution record of artificial sky glow, which results from the scattering of escaped anthropogenic light by the atmosphere, over the sky vault in the moonless nocturnal environment. analysis of this record yields important indicators of the extent and severity of light pol... | photometric indicators of visual night sky quality derived from all-sky brightness maps |
we probe the dusty environment of the archetypical type 1 active galactic nucleus (agn) in ngc 4151 with comprehensive ir reverberation mapping over several decades, in the j (∼1.22 μm), h (∼1.63 μm), k (∼2.19 μm), l (∼3.45 μm), and n bands (∼10.6 μm), plus multiple measurements at 20-40 μm. at 1-4 μm, the hot dust rev... | the dusty heart of ngc 4151 revealed by λ ∼ 1-40 μm reverberation mapping and variability: a challenge to current clumpy torus models |
we present new observational benchmarks of rapid neutron-capture process (r-process) nucleosynthesis for elements at and between the first (a ~ 80) and second (a ~ 130) peaks. our analysis is based on archival ultraviolet and optical spectroscopy of eight metal-poor stars with se (z = 34) or te (z = 52) detections, who... | the r-process alliance: abundance universality among some elements at and between the first and second r-process peaks |
precision laser spectroscopy is key to many developments in atomic and molecular physics and the advancement of related technologies such as atomic clocks and sensors. however, in important spectroscopic scenarios, such as astronomy and remote sensing, the light is of thermal origin and interferometric or diffractive s... | thermal-light heterodyne spectroscopy with frequency comb calibration |
integrated superconducting spectrometer (iss) technology will enable ultra-wideband, integral-field spectroscopy for (sub)millimeter-wave astronomy, in particular, for uncovering the dust-obscured cosmic star formation and galaxy evolution over cosmic time. here, we present the development of deshima 2.0, an iss for ul... | deshima 2.0: development of an integrated superconducting spectrometer for science-grade astronomical observations |
demonstrations of quantum advantage have largely focused on computational speedups and on quantum simulation of many-body physics, limited by fidelity and the capability of current devices. discriminating laser-pulse-modulated classical-communication code words at the minimum allowable probability of error using univer... | demonstration of a quantum advantage by a joint detection receiver for optical communication using quantum belief propagation on a trapped-ion device |
we present the transmission spectrum of the inflated hot jupiter wasp-17 b, observed with the stis and wfc3 instruments aboard the hubble space telescope, allowing for a continuous wavelength coverage from ~0.4 to ~1.7 μm. observations taken with irac channels 1 and 2 on the spitzer space telescope are also included, a... | the transmission spectrum of wasp-17 b from the optical to the near-infrared wavelengths: combining stis, wfc3, and irac data sets |
the accurate modelling of the point spread function (psf) is of paramount importance in astronomical observations, as it allows for the correction of distortions and blurring caused by the telescope and atmosphere. psf modelling is crucial for accurately measuring celestial objects' properties. the last decades have br... | point spread function modelling for astronomical telescopes: a review focused on weak gravitational lensing studies |
to improve the census of the upper sco association (∼11 myr, ∼145 pc), we have identified candidate members using parallaxes, proper motions, and color-magnitude diagrams from several wide-field imaging surveys and have obtained optical and infrared spectra of several hundred candidates to measure their spectral types ... | new young stars and brown dwarfs in the upper scorpius association |
protostellar (class 0/i) disks, which have masses comparable to those of their nascent host stars and are fed continuously from their natal infalling envelopes, are prone to gravitational instability (gi). motivated by advances in near-infrared (nir) adaptive optics imaging and millimeter-wave interferometry, we explor... | signatures of gravitational instability in resolved images of protostellar disks |
we have undertaken the largest systematic study of the high-mass stellar initial mass function (imf) to date using the optical color-magnitude diagrams (cmds) of 85 resolved, young (4 {myr}\lt t\lt 25 {myr}), intermediate mass star clusters (103-104 m⊙), observed as part of the panchromatic hubble andromeda treasury pr... | the high-mass stellar initial mass function in m31 clusters |
since pioneering works of hanbury-brown and twiss, intensity-intensity correlations have been widely used in astronomical systems, for example to detect binary stars. they reveal statistics effects and two-particle interference, and offer a decoherence-free probe of the coherence properties of light sources. in the qua... | two-particle interferometry in quantum hall edge channels |
context. the direct imaging of rocky exoplanets is one of the major science goals of upcoming large telescopes. the contrast requirement for imaging such planets is challenging. however, the mid-ir (infrared) regime provides the optimum contrast to directly detect the thermal signatures of exoplanets in our solar neigh... | high-contrast imaging at ten microns: a search for exoplanets around eps indi a, eps eri, tau ceti, sirius a, and sirius b |
among the low-mass pre-main sequence stars, a small group called fu orionis-type objects (fuors) are notable for undergoing powerful accretion outbursts. v1057 cyg, a classical example of an fuor, went into outburst around 1969-1970, after which it faded rapidly, making it the fastest-fading fuor known. around 1995, a ... | a study of the photometric and spectroscopic variations of the prototypical fu orionis-type star v1057 cyg |
we present the design and performance of the tanspec, a medium-resolution 0.55-2.5 μm cryogenic spectrometer and imager, now in operation at the 3.6 m devasthal optical telescope (dot), nainital, india. the tanspec provides three modes of operation, which include photometry with broad- and narrowband filters, spectrosc... | tanspec: tifr-aries near-infrared spectrometer |
the recent discovery of gravitational waves (gw) by advanced ligo (laser interferometric gravitational-wave observatory) has impressively launched the novel field of gravitational astronomy and allowed us to glimpse exciting objects about which we could previously only speculate. further sensitivity improvements at the... | a new quantum speed-meter interferometer: measuring speed to search for intermediate mass black holes |
scintillation noise due to the earth's turbulent atmosphere can be a dominant noise source in high-precision astronomical photometry when observing bright targets from the ground. here we describe the phenomenon of scintillation from its physical origins to its effect on photometry. we show that young's scintillation-n... | atmospheric scintillation in astronomical photometry |
we build on a long-standing tradition in astronomical adaptive optics (ao) of specifying performance metrics and error budgets using linear systems modeling in the spatial-frequency domain. our goal is to provide a comprehensive tool for the calculation of error budgets in terms of residual temporally filtered phase po... | modeling astronomical adaptive optics performance with temporally filtered wiener reconstruction of slope data |
we present time-series, high-resolution optical spectroscopy of the eccentric t tauri binary twa 3a. our analysis focuses on variability in the strength and structure of the accretion-tracing emission lines hα and he i 5876 å. we find emission line strengths to display the same orbital phase-dependent behavior found wi... | accretion kinematics in the t tauri binary twa 3a: evidence for preferential accretion onto the twa 3a primary |
very high energy (vhe) γ -rays constitute one of the main pillars of high energy astrophysics. gamma-rays are produced under extreme relativistic conditions in the universe. vhe γ -rays can be detected indirectly on the ground. detection of these energetic photons poses several technological challenges. first, even tho... | ground-based gamma-ray astronomy: history and development of techniques |
inspired by m-theory scenarios, we investigate optical properties of black holes in the starobinsky-bel-robinsion gravity. precisely, we study the shadows and the deflection angle of light rays by this class of black holes in such a novel gravity. first, we approach the shadows of the schwarzschild-type solutions. as e... | optical behaviors of black holes in starobinsky-bel-robinson gravity |
it is worth highlighting that, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, vertical profiles of atmospheric parameters and were measured at lhasa, south of the tibetan plateau, using balloon-borne radiosondes. based on the measurements, two new statistical models (lhasa hmn and lhasa dewan) for estimating turbulen... | new \\text{c}_{n}(2)statistical model based on first radiosonde turbulence observation over lhasa |
in may 2019 spacex launched its first batch of 60 starlink communication satellites, which surprised astronomers and laypeople with their appearance in the night sky. astronomers have only now, a little over a year later, accumulated enough observations of constellation satellites like those being launched by spacex an... | impact of satellite constellations on optical astronomy and recommendations toward mitigations |
we searched high-resolution spectra of 5600 nearby stars for emission lines that are both inconsistent with a natural origin and unresolved spatially, as would be expected from extraterrestrial optical lasers. the spectra were obtained with the keck 10 m telescope, including light coming from within 0.5 arcsec of the s... | a search for laser emission with megawatt thresholds from 5600 fgkm stars |
hubble space telescope snapshot surveys of 86 x-ray-selected galaxy clusters at 0.3 < z < 0.5 from the massive cluster survey (macs) sample have proven invaluable for the exploration of a wide range of astronomical research topics. we here present an overview of the four macs snapshot surveys conducted from cycle... | science from a glimpse: hubble snapshot observations of massive galaxy clusters |
atmospheric studies of spectroscopically accessible terrestrial exoplanets lay the groundwork for comparative planetology between these worlds and the solar system terrestrial planets. lhs 3844b is a highly irradiated terrestrial exoplanet (r = 1.303 ± 0.022r⊕) orbiting a mid-m dwarf 15 parsecs away. work based on near... | optical transmission spectroscopy of the terrestrial exoplanet lhs 3844b from 13 ground-based transit observations |
characterizing the large-scale structure and plasma properties of the inner corona is crucial to understanding the source and subsequent expansion of the solar wind and related space weather effects. here, we apply a new coronal rotational tomography method, along with a method to narrow streamers and refine the densit... | the width, density, and outflow of solar coronal streamers |
the einstein probe (ep) is a small satellite dedicated to time-domain astronomy to monitor the sky in the soft x-ray band. it is a mission led by the chinese academy of sciences and developed in its space science programme with international collaboration. its wide-field imaging capability is achieved by using establis... | einstein probe: a lobster-eye telescope for monitoring the x-ray sky |
we report the detection of a rare transiting brown dwarf with a mass of 59 mjup and radius of 1.1 rjup around the metal-rich, [fe/h] = +0.44, g9v star corot-33. the orbit is eccentric (e = 0.07) with a period of 5.82 d. the companion, corot-33b, is thus a new member in the so-called brown dwarf desert. the orbital peri... | transiting exoplanets from the corot space mission⋆. xxviii. corot-33b, an object in the brown dwarf desert with 2:3 commensurability with its host star |
the high-contrast imaging technique is meant to provide insight into those planets orbiting several astronomical units from their host star. space missions such as wide-field infrared survey telescope, habitable exoplanet imaging mission, and large ultra-violet/optical/infrared surveyor will measure reflected light spe... | exorel ${}^{{\\mathfrak{r}}} : a bayesian inverse retrieval framework for exoplanetary reflected light spectra |
major solar flares are prone to occur in active-region (ar) atmospheres associated with large, complex, dynamically evolving sunspots. this points to the importance of monitoring the evolution of starspots, not only in visible but also in ultraviolet (uv) and x-rays, in understanding the origin and occurrence of stella... | sun-as-a-star spectral irradiance observations of transiting active regions |
we present an atmospheric retrieval analysis of a pair of highly variable, ~200 myr old, early t type planetary-mass exoplanet analogs simp j01365662+0933473 and 2mass j21392676+0220226 using the brewster retrieval framework. our analysis, which makes use of archival 1-15 μm spectra, finds almost identical atmospheres ... | patchy forsterite clouds in the atmospheres of two highly variable exoplanet analogs |
detecting the faint emission of a secondary source in the proximity of the much brighter one has been the most severe obstacle for using direct imaging in searching for exoplanets. using quantum state discrimination and quantum imaging techniques, we show that one can significantly reduce the probability of error for d... | quantum hypothesis testing for exoplanet detection |
we present an automated method for the detection of bar structure in optical images of galaxies using a deep convolutional neural network that is easy to use and provides good accuracy. in our study, we use a sample of 9346 galaxies in the redshift range of 0.009-0.2 from the sloan digital sky survey (sdss), which has ... | detection of bars in galaxies using a deep convolutional neural network |
the discovery in deep near-infrared surveys of a population of massive quiescent galaxies at z > 3 has given rise to the question of how they came to be quenched so early in the history of the universe. measuring their molecular gas properties can distinguish between physical processes where they stop forming stars ... | low star formation activity and low gas content of quiescent galaxies at z = 3.5-4.0 constrained with alma |
context. extremely large telescopes are overwhelmingly equipped with pyramid wavefront sensors (pywfs) over the more widely used shack-hartmann wavefront sensor to perform their single-conjugate adaptive optics (scao) mode. the pywfs, a sensor based on fourier filtering, has proven to be highly successful in many astro... | pyramid wavefront sensor optical gains compensation using a convolutional model |
context. transition disks are circumstellar disks that show evidence of a dust cavity, which may be related to dynamical clearing by embedded planet(s). most of these objects show signs of significant accretion, indicating that the inner disks are not truly empty, but that gas is still streaming through to the star. a ... | a tunnel and a traffic jam: how transition disks maintain a detectable warm dust component despite the presence of a large planet-carved gap |
context. binarity is a widespread phenomenon around solar-type stars, including the host stars of transiting extrasolar planets.aims: we performed a detailed study of six transiting planetary systems with relatively bright stars close enough to affect observations of these systems. these contaminants were characterised... | a multiplicity study of transiting exoplanet host stars. ii. revised properties of transiting planetary systems with companions |
using data from the icecube neutrino observatory, we searched for high-energy neutrino emission from the gravitational-wave events detected by the advanced ligo and virgo detectors during their third observing run. we did a low-latency follow-up on the public candidate events released during the detectors' third observ... | icecube search for neutrinos coincident with gravitational wave events from ligo/virgo run o3 |
changing-look active galactic nucleus ngc 4151, which has attracted a lot of attention, is undergoing the second dramatic outburst stage in its evolutionary history. to investigate the geometry and kinematics of the broad-line region (blr), and measure the mass of supermassive black hole in ngc 4151, we perform a 7 mon... | velocity-resolved reverberation mapping of changing-look active galactic nucleus ngc 4151 during outburst stage: evidence for kinematics evolution of broad-line region |
contact. the increasing capabilities of space missions like the james webb space telescope or ground-based observatories like the european extremely large telescope demand high quality laboratory data of species in astrophysical conditions for the interpretation of their findings.aims: we provide new physical and spect... | densities, infrared band strengths, and optical constants of solid methanol |
weak gravitational lensing allows one to reconstruct the spatial distribution of the projected mass density across the sky. these "mass maps" provide a powerful tool for studying cosmology as they probe both luminous and dark matter. in this paper, we present a weak lensing mass map reconstructed from shear measurement... | wide-field lensing mass maps from dark energy survey science verification data: methodology and detailed analysis |
mechanisms regulating the escape of lyα photons and ionizing radiation remain poorly understood. to study these processes, we analyze very large array 21 cm observations of one green pea (gp), j160810+352809 (hereafter j1608), and hubble space telescope cosmic origins spectrograph (cos) spectra of 17 gp galaxies at z&l... | neutral gas properties and lyα escape in extreme green pea galaxies |
we present initial results from a hubble space telescope snapshot imaging survey of the host galaxies of swift-bat active galactic nuclei (agn) at z < 0.1. the hard x-ray selection makes this sample relatively unbiased in terms of obscuration, compared to optical agn selection methods. the high-resolution images of ... | a hubble space telescope imaging survey of low-redshift swift-bat active galaxies |
we report the detection of 23 oh+ 1 → 0 absorption, emission, or p-cygni-shaped lines and co(j = 9→8) emission lines in 18 herschel-selected z = 2-6 starburst galaxies with the atacama large millimeter/submillimeter array and the northern extended millimeter array, taken as part of the gas and dust over cosmic time gal... | the gadot galaxy survey: dense gas and feedback in herschel-selected starburst galaxies at redshifts 2 to 6 |
the rise of multimessenger astronomy has brought with it the need to exploit all available data streams and learn more about the astrophysical objects that fall within its breadth. one possible avenue is the search for serendipitous optical/near-infrared counterparts of gamma-ray bursts (grbs) and gravitational-wave (g... | optimizing serendipitous detections of kilonovae: cadence and filter selection |
the propagation of gamma-rays over cosmological distances is the subject of extensive theoretical and observational research at gev and tev energies. the mean free path of gamma-rays in the cosmic web is limited above 100 gev due to the production of electrons and positrons on the cosmic optical and infrared background... | gamma-ray cosmology and tests of fundamental physics |
in the present work, recent characterization results of the 4k × 4k ccd imager (a first light instrument of the 3.6m devasthal optical telescope; dot) and photometric calibrations are discussed along with measurements of the extinction coefficients and sky brightness values at the location of the 3.6m dot site based on... | photometric calibrations and characterization of the 4k×4k ccd imager, the first-light axial port instrument for the 3.6m dot |
we present and perform a detailed analysis of multiwavelength observations of grb 140102a, an optical bright grb with an observed reverse shock (rs) signature. observations of this grb were acquired with the bootes-4 robotic telescope, the fermi, and the swift missions. time-resolved spectroscopy of the prompt emission... | grb 140102a: insight into prompt spectral evolution and early optical afterglow emission |
thermal noise resulting from the mechanical loss of multilayer dielectric coatings is expected to impose a limit to the sensitivities of precision measurement systems used in fundamental and applied science. in the case of gravitational wave astronomy, future interferometric gravitational wave detectors are likely to o... | ion-beam sputtered amorphous silicon films for cryogenic precision measurement systems |
the recent series of gravitational-wave detections by the advanced ligo and advanced virgo observatories have launched the new field of gravitational-wave astronomy. as the sensitivity of gravitational-wave detectors is limited by the quantum noise of light, concepts from quantum metrology have been adapted to increase... | demonstration of interferometer enhancement through einstein-podolsky-rosen entanglement |
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