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the extreme arctic sea ice minima in the twenty-first century have been attributed to multiple factors, such as anomalous atmospheric circulation, excess solar radiation absorbed by open ocean, and thinning sea ice in a warming world. most likely it is the combination of these factors that drives the extreme sea ice mi... | a comparison of factors that led to the extreme sea ice minima in the twenty-first century in the arctic ocean |
a 2-yr cloud microphysical property dataset derived from ground-based remote sensors at the atmospheric radiation measurement site near barrow, alaska, was used as input into a radiative transfer model to compute radiative heating rate (rhr) profiles in the atmosphere. both the longwave (lw; 5-100 μm) and shortwave (sw... | characteristic atmospheric radiative heating rate profiles in arctic clouds as observed at barrow, alaska |
hybrid perovskite solar cells (pscs) have introduced as a good revolution photovoltaic to meet the green world energy demands. the crystallinity improvement of pscs is a practical approach to improve the efficacy of pscs. double cation formamidinium (fa)/methylammonium (ma) pscs were fabricated by using a simple sequen... | a facile approach to improve the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells via fa/ma precursor temperature controlling in sequential deposition fabrication |
hot temperature extremes, particularly during summer, impose severe adverse effects on human health and natural systems. although considerable attention has been paid to individual hot days and nights, little is known about mechanisms leading to compound hot extremes that combine daytime and nighttime heat. this import... | mechanisms for regional compound hot extremes in the mid-lower reaches of the yangtze river |
because of global warming and abnormal climate change, record-breaking heat wave events have been increasing. therefore, it is necessary to analyze and predict the mechanisms for generating and developing heat waves. in this study, the impacts of synoptic and local factors on heat waves over the southeastern region of ... | impacts of synoptic and local factors on heat wave events over southeastern region of korea in 2015 |
understanding and controlling contraction phenomena of plasmas in reactive flows is essential to optimize the discharge parameters for plasma processing applications such as fuel reforming and gas conversion. in this work, we describe the characteristic discharge modes in a co2 microwave plasma and assess the impact of... | implications of thermo-chemical instability on the contracted modes in co2 microwave plasmas |
this study investigates the local land-atmosphere coupling (loco) in the rainy season by applying a mixing diagram method to the field measurements and era5 data over a typical underlying surface in tibetan plateau (tp). comparison of frequencies of meteorological variables in june, july, august, and september (jjas) i... | analysis of local land-atmosphere coupling in rainy season over a typical underlying surface in tibetan plateau based on field measurements and era5 |
the eastern mediterranean transient (emt) occurred in the aegean sea from 1988 to 1995 and is the most significant intermediate-to-deep mediterranean overturning perturbation reported by instrumental records. the emt was likely caused by accumulation of high salinity waters in the levantine and enhanced heat loss in th... | mediterranean circulation perturbations over the last five centuries: relevance to past eastern mediterranean transient-type events |
mars revolves around the sun in an orbit with a semi-major axis of more than 1.5 au and eccentricity over 0.09. based on ground observations of moving of details on the surface of mars, the period of its direct rotation around the axis was determined as 24h37m22.6679s. near the surface of mars, the minimum temperature ... | thermal properties of the surface of mars |
observational analyses of running 5 year ocean heat content trends (ht) and net downward top of atmosphere radiation (n) are significantly correlated (r ~ 0.6) from 1960 to 1999, but a spike in ht in the early 2000s is likely spurious since it is inconsistent with estimates of n from both satellite observations and cli... | earth's energy imbalance since 1960 in observations and cmip5 models |
aerosols can enhance terrestrial productivity through increased absorption of solar radiation by the shaded portion of the plant canopy—the diffuse radiation fertilization effect. although this process can, in principle, alter surface evaporation due to the coupling between plant water loss and carbon uptake, with the ... | strong local evaporative cooling over land due to atmospheric aerosols |
mineral dust aerosols cool and warm the atmosphere by scattering and absorbing solar (shortwave: sw) and thermal (longwave: lw) radiation. however, significant uncertainties remain in dust radiative effects, largely due to differences in the dust size distribution and spectral optical properties simulated in earth syst... | less atmospheric radiative heating by dust due to the synergy of coarser size and aspherical shape |
this study uses 21-year observations to analyze the characteristics of sea-land breeze (slb) circulation and its potential influencing factors in the metropolis of tokyo. unlike in other megacities, the magnitude of the slb in tokyo does not show a decreasing trend over the years. it is found that the diurnal variation... | dominance of shortwave radiative heating in the sea-land breeze amplitude and its impacts on atmospheric visibility in tokyo, japan |
this study evaluated the accuracy of seven upscaling methods in simulating daily latent heat flux (le) from instantaneous values using observations from 148 global sites under all sky conditions and at different times during the day. daily atmospheric transmissivity (τ) was used to represent the sky conditions. the res... | the accuracy of temporal upscaling of instantaneous evapotranspiration to daily values with seven upscaling methods |
unmanned aerial vehicle (uav)-based measurements allow studying sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (sif) at the field scale and can potentially upscale results from ground to airborne/satellite level. the objective of this paper is to present the fluorspec system providing sif measurements at the field level onboard ... | diurnal variation of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence of agricultural crops observed from a point-based spectrometer on a uav |
injecting sulfate aerosol into the stratosphere, the most frequently analyzed proposal for solar geoengineering, may reduce some climate risks, but it would also entail new risks, including ozone loss and heating of the lower tropical stratosphere, which, in turn, would increase water vapor concentration causing additi... | stratospheric solar geoengineering without ozone loss |
more than 1 tg smoke aerosol was emitted into the atmosphere by the exceptional 2019-2020 southeastern australian wildfires. triggered by the extreme fire heat, several deep pyroconvective events carried the smoke directly into the stratosphere. once there, smoke aerosol remained airborne considerably longer than in lo... | important role of stratospheric injection height for the distribution and radiative forcing of smoke aerosol from the 2019-2020 australian wildfires |
this article aims to describe the occurrence of heat waves in western and southwestern europe in the period 1976–2015 and determining pressure patterns that cause a persistence of hot days. a hot day was defined as a day on which the daily maximum air temperature was higher than the 95th annual percentile; and a heat w... | circulation conditions' effect on the occurrence of heat waves in western and southwestern europe |
there is a well-known mode of rainfall variability associating opposite hydrological conditions over the sahel region and the gulf of guinea, forming a dipole pattern. previous meteorological observations show that the dipole pattern varies at interannual timescales. using an ec-earth climate model simulation for last ... | understanding the variability of the rainfall dipole in west africa using the ec-earth last millennium simulation |
global climate models (gcm) are very useful tools to study theoretically the general dynamics and specific phenomena in planetary atmospheres. in the case of venus, several gcms succeeded in reproducing the atmosphere's superrotation and the global temperature field. however, the highly variable polar temperature and t... | latitudinal variation of clouds' structure responsible for venus' cold collar |
the effects of an initially overlying layer of solar-absorbing aerosol on the transition of stratocumulus to trade cumulus clouds are examined using large-eddy simulations. for lightly drizzling cloud the transition is generally hastened, resulting mainly from increased cloud droplet number concentration (nc) induced b... | impacts of solar-absorbing aerosol layers on the transition of stratocumulus to trade cumulus clouds |
a hierarchy of idealized monsoons with increased degrees of complexity is built using an intermediate model with simplified physics and idealized land-sea geometry. this monsoon hierarchy helps formulate a basic understanding about the distribution of the surface equivalent potential temperature θe, which proves to pro... | a hierarchy of idealized monsoons in an intermediate gcm |
surface solar radiation (ssr), as a primary component of heat budget between land and atmosphere, controls both water and energy exchanges. however, the sub-grid terrain radiative effect (stre) which exerts critical influences on ssr simulation is usually extremely simplified or even ignored in most current land surfac... | influences of 3d sub-grid terrain radiative effect on the performance of colm over heihe river basin, tibetan plateau |
the tibetan plateau (tp) has experienced a rapid warming since the 1980s even during the global warming hiatus. using the european centre for medium‑range weather forecasts interim (era‑interim) reanalysis and a climate feedback‑response analysis method, we attribute the long‑term change in near‑surface air temperature... | process‑based attribution of long‑term surface warming over the tibetan plateau |
long-term seasonal characteristics of aerosol optical properties and radiative forcing at beijing (during march 2001-march 2015) were investigated using a combination of ground-based sun/sky radiometer retrievals from the aeronet and a radiative transfer model. aerosol optical depth (aod) showed a distinct seasonal var... | seasonal variation of columnar aerosol optical properties and radiative forcing over beijing, china |
elemental carbon (ec) and organic carbon (oc) in fine atmospheric aerosols (pm2.5: aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 μm) have been measured with a semi-automatic instrument during a 4-year survey at the national atmospheric observatory košetice (naok), czech republic. ground based measurements were performed from m... | four years of highly time resolved measurements of elemental and organic carbon at a rural background site in central europe |
the cloudroots field experiment was designed to obtain a comprehensive observational dataset that includes soil, plant, and atmospheric variables to investigate the interaction between a heterogeneous land surface and its overlying atmospheric boundary layer at the sub-hourly and sub-kilometre scale. our findings demon... | cloudroots: integration of advanced instrumental techniques and process modelling of sub-hourly and sub-kilometre land-atmosphere interactions |
the hydrology of the lake-rich tibetan plateau is important for the global climate, yet little is known about the thermal regime of tibetan lakes due to scant data. we (i) investigated the characteristic seasonal temperature patterns and recent trends in the thermal and stratification regimes of lakes on the tibetan pl... | seasonal thermal regime and climatic trends in lakes of the tibetan highlands |
radiative cooling is an emerging sustainable technology that does not require electricity to function. however, to realize sub-ambient cooling, the effects of the undesired incident solar energy must be minimized. considering an ideal blackbody radiator at 300 k, the maximum cooling power density is ∼160 w/m2. here, we... | hybrid concentrated radiative cooling and solar heating in a single system |
in the present work, we simulate the pliocene climate with the ec-earth climate model as an equilibrium state for the current warming climate induced by rising co2 in the atmosphere. the simulated pliocene climate shows a strong arctic amplification featuring pronounced warming sea surface temperature (sst) over the no... | contribution of sea ice albedo and insulation effects to arctic amplification in the ec-earth pliocene simulation |
we combine ecohydrological observations of sap flow and soil moisture with thermodynamically constrained estimates of atmospheric evaporative demand to infer the dominant controls of forest transpiration in complex terrain. we hypothesize that daily variations in transpiration are dominated by variations in atmospheric... | dominant controls of transpiration along a hillslope transect inferred from ecohydrological measurements and thermodynamic limits |
boreal forests in permafrost regions make up around one-third of the global forest cover and are an essential component of regional and global climate patterns. further, climatic change can trigger extensive ecosystem shifts such as the partial disappearance of near-surface permafrost or changes to the vegetation struc... | variability of the surface energy balance in permafrost-underlain boreal forest |
reflection of solar radiation by tropical low-level clouds has an important cooling effect on climate and leads to decreases in surface temperatures. still, the effect of pollution on ubiquitous tropical continental low-level clouds and the investigation of the related impact on atmospheric cooling rates are poorly con... | pollution slightly enhances atmospheric cooling by low-level clouds in tropical west africa |
a large number of lakes and ponds are unevenly distributed over the qinghai-tibet plateau (qtp). little is known about their ice processes and thermal regimes. seasonal ice mass balance, thermal regime and stratification of under-ice water were investigated in a shallow thermokarst lake in central qtp using in situ obs... | thermal structure and water-ice heat transfer in a shallow ice-covered thermokarst lake in central qinghai-tibet plateau |
multiple processes are involved in modulating the el niño-southern oscillation (enso) in the tropical pacific, and these processes are neither well-represented nor well-understood in climate models. a new hybrid coupled model (hcm) of atmosphere, ocean physics, and ocean biogeochemistry (aopb) is developed to represent... | a new hybrid coupled model of atmosphere, ocean physics, and ocean biogeochemistry to represent biogeophysical feedback effects in the tropical pacific |
the climatic effects of dust aerosols in north africa and south/east asia have been investigated using an atmospheric general circulation model, ncep/gcm/ssib (simplified simple biosphere model) and the three-dimensional aerosol data simulated by the goddard chemistry aerosol radiation and transport (gocart) model. gcm... | a gcm investigation of dust aerosol impact on the regional climate of north africa and south/east asia |
silver nanowire (agnw) networks are emerging as one of the most promising alternatives to indium tin oxide (ito) for transparent electrodes in flexible electronic devices. they can be used in a variety of optoelectronic applications such as solar cells, touch panels and organic light-emitting diodes. recently they have... | understanding the mechanisms leading to failure in metallic nanowire-based transparent heaters, and solution for stability enhancement |
desert dust interacts with shortwave (sw) and longwave (lw) radiation, influencing the earth radiation budget and the atmospheric vertical structure. uncertainties on the dust role are large in the lw spectral range, where few measurements are available and the dust optical properties are not well constrained. the firs... | altitude-resolved shortwave and longwave radiative effects of desert dust in the mediterranean during the gamarf campaign: indications of a net daily cooling in the dust layer |
uncertainties in the evapotranspiration response to afforestation constitute a major source of disagreement between model-based studies of the potential climate benefits of forests. forests typically have higher evapotranspiration rates than grasslands in the tropics, but whether this is also the case in the midlatitud... | what determines the sign of the evapotranspiration response to afforestation in european summer? |
jupiter's upper atmosphere is considerably hotter than expected from the amount of sunlight that it receives1-3. processes that couple the magnetosphere to the atmosphere give rise to intense auroral emissions and enormous deposition of energy in the magnetic polar regions, so it has been presumed that redistribution o... | global upper-atmospheric heating on jupiter by the polar aurorae |
the existence of large stationary gravity waves was discovered during akatsuki's first observation sequence in 2015. in this study, the further detection of large stationary gravity waves in brightness temperature images over a 1.5 year period is reported. the waves periodically appeared mostly above four specific high... | topographical and local time dependence of large stationary gravity waves observed at the cloud top of venus |
we use global aerosol optical depth data from caliop with a radiation transfer model to investigate the aerosol direct radiative effect (dre) and its sensitivity to the aerosol vertical resolution. our study spans three years (2007-2009) and uses cloud data from isccp d2 to take into account cloud-aerosol radiative int... | global vertically resolved aerosol direct radiation effect from three years of caliop data using the forth radiation transfer model |
aerosols can affect vertical thermal structure during heavily polluted episodes (hpes). here, we selected four typical hpes in 2018, which were further subdivided into dust and haze events. the vertical distribution of aerosols extinction coefficient (ec) and variations in columnar optical properties were investigated ... | aerosols direct radiative effects combined ground-based lidar and sun-photometer observations: cases comparison between haze and dust events in beijing |
although greenhouse gases absorb primarily long-wave radiation, they also absorb short-wave radiation. recent studies have highlighted the importance of methane short-wave absorption, which enhances its stratospherically adjusted radiative forcing by up to ~ 15%. the corresponding climate impacts, however, have been on... | surface warming and wetting due to methane's long-wave radiative effects muted by short-wave absorption |
at present, understanding the synergies between the surface urban heat island (suhi) phenomenon and extreme climatic events entailing high mortality, i.e., heat waves, is a great challenge that must be faced to improve the quality of life in urban zones. the implementation of new mitigation and resilience measures in c... | analysis of urban heat island and heat waves using sentinel-3 images: a study of andalusian cities in spain |
vegetation plays a vital role in the earth system by sequestering carbon, producing food and oxygen, and providing evaporative cooling. vegetation productivity extremes have multi-faceted implications, for example on crop yields or the atmospheric co2 concentration. here, we focus on productivity extremes as possible i... | spatially varying relevance of hydrometeorological hazards for vegetation productivity extremes |
vegetation changes, such as shrub encroachment and wetland expansion, have been observed in many arctic tundra regions. these changes feed back to permafrost and climate. permafrost can be protected by soil shading through vegetation as it reduces the amount of solar energy available for thawing. regional climate can b... | contrasting radiation and soil heat fluxes in arctic shrub and wet sedge tundra |
we present mars atmosphere and volatile evolution observations of large-amplitude magnetosonic waves propagating through the magnetosheath into the martian ionosphere near the subsolar point on the dayside of the planet. the observed waves grow in amplitude as predicted for a wave propagating into a denser, charged med... | maven observations of solar wind-driven magnetosonic waves heating the martian dayside ionosphere |
large amounts of dust are lofted into the atmosphere from arid regions of the world before being transported up to thousands of kilometers. this atmospheric dust interacts with solar radiation and causes changes in the climate, with larger-sized particles having a heating effect, and smaller-sized particles having a co... | electrostatic forces alter particle size distributions in atmospheric dust |
satellite-driven and site observational data show that global warming has greatly enhanced vegetation activity (greening), with a broad upward trend in vegetation indices (vis). however, the biophysical impact of vegetation on land surface temperature (ts) is widely unknown, particularly in high mountain asia (hma). in... | biophysical impacts of vegetation dynamics largely contribute to climate mitigation in high mountain asia |
current ambitions to limit climate change to no more than 1.5 °c-2 °c by the end of the 21st century rely heavily on the availability of negative emissions technologies (nets)—bioenergy with co2 capture and storage (beccs) and direct air capture in particular. in this context, these nets are providing a specific servic... | inefficient power generation as an optimal route to negative emissions via beccs? |
in the present study, the structures and mechanisms of the heatwaves (hws) associated with the quasi-biweekly (qbw; 10-20-day period) variability (qbw-hw) over southern china (sc; 106°-120°e, 21°-30°n) are investigated by using observation data from surface stations in china and the related gridded dataset (cn05.1), an... | structures and mechanisms of heatwaves related to quasi-biweekly variability over southern china |
in recent years, there has been an unprecedented rise in the performance of metal halide perovskite solar cells. they are now in a position to compete on performance with traditional crystalline solar cells, and as such the most pressing questions concern the long term operational stability of this class of solar cell.... | stability of metal halide perovskite solar cells |
the tibetan plateau (tp) has numerous glaciers that provide water for more than one-third of the world's population. reconstructing past temperature change on the tp provides a valuable context for assessing the current and possible future status of glaciers. however, the quantitative paleotemperature records since the... | temperature variation on the central tibetan plateau revealed by glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers from the sediment record of lake linggo co since the last deglaciation |
the solar downward shortwave radiation (dswr) is the primary source of energy to earth and a driving forcing for sensible/latent heat and water vapor fluxes over the terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. evaluation of the dswr spatiotemporal patterns and trends is crucial to the understanding of weather and climat... | climatology and trends of downward shortwave radiation over brazil |
rapid improvements in the precision and spatial resolution of distributed temperature sensing (dts) technology now allow its use in hydrological and atmospheric sciences. introduced by ) is the use of dts for measuring the bowen ratio (br-dts), to estimate the sensible and latent heat flux. the bowen ratio is derived f... | technical note: using distributed temperature sensing for bowen ratio evaporation measurements |
to identify the atmospheric controls of the summertime glacier surface energy balance in the himalayas, in situ meteorological data collected at 6,523 m above sea level during may-july 2005 were obtained and analyzed. our results showed that net shortwave radiation (103 w m−2) and turbulent sensible heat flux (12 w m−2... | monsoon clouds control the summer surface energy balance on east rongbuk glacier (6,523 m above sea level), the northern of mt. qomolangma (everest) |
stratospheric aerosol injection is one of the most widely studied solar radiation modification methods to reduce some effects of anthropogenic warming. we perform idealized simulations to analyze climate response to different latitudinal and altitudinal distributions of additional stratospheric sulphate aerosols. we an... | climate response to latitudinal and altitudinal distribution of stratospheric sulfate aerosols |
sulfate geoengineering (sg), made by sustained injection of so2 in the tropical lower stratosphere, may impact the ch4 abundance through several photochemical mechanisms affecting tropospheric oh and hence the methane lifetime. (a) the reflection of incoming solar radiation increases the planetary albedo and cools the ... | sulfate geoengineering impact on methane transport and lifetime: results from the geoengineering model intercomparison project (geomip) |
the optical properties of dust aerosols were measured using narrow-band data from a portable sun photometer at four desert and semi-desert stations in northwestern china from 2004 to 2007. ground-based and satellite observations indicated absorbing dust aerosol loading over the region surrounded by eight large-scale de... | aerosol direct radiative forcing in desert and semi-desert regions of northwestern china |
twenty years ago the arctic system was more resilient than now as sea ice was three times thicker than today. heavier and more persistent sea ice provided a buffer against the influence of short-term climate fluctuations. such recent increases in sea ice/atmospheric interactions lead to revisiting the concept of abrupt... | less climatic resilience in the arctic |
in this review, silver nanowires (agnws) are introduced, as the primary material to replace indium tin oxide for fabricating cost‑effective flexible organic solar cells (foscs), because of their remarkable solution‑processing, flexibility, transparency, and conductivity, along with their enhanced properties in terms of... | benefits, problems, and solutions of silver nanowire transparent conductive electrodes in indium tin oxide (ito)‑free flexible solar cells |
global climate models project widespread decreases in soil moisture over large parts of europe. this paper investigates the impact of model resolution on the magnitude and seasonality of future soil drying in central-western europe. we use the general circulation model ec-earth to study two 30-year periods representati... | impact of climate model resolution on soil moisture projections in central-western europe |
ebullition (bubbling) from climate-sensitive northern lakes remains an unconstrained source of atmospheric methane (ch4). although the focus of many recent studies, ebullition is rarely linked to the physical characteristics of lakes. in this study we analyze the sediments of subarctic postglacial lakes and investigate... | sediment characteristics and methane ebullition in three subarctic lakes |
this paper presents details of the university of colorado (cu) "pilatus" unmanned research aircraft, assembled to provide measurements of aerosols, radiation and thermodynamics in the lower troposphere. this aircraft has a wingspan of 3.2 m and a maximum take-off weight of 25 kg, and it is powered by an electric motor ... | the pilatus unmanned aircraft system for lower atmospheric research |
during a martian dust storm, the lower atmosphere is heated locally. due to dynamical effects, the upper atmosphere and ionosphere can be lifted upward on a global scale by approximately 10 km. the connections between lower atmospheric dust events and associated ionospheric responses are poorly understood due to limite... | maven rose observations of the response of the martian ionosphere to dust storms |
this paper presents a new method to compute three-dimensional heating rates in atmospheric models, in particular numerical weather prediction models and large eddy simulations. the radiative transfer in such models is usually calculated for each vertical column independent of its neighbouring columns. earlier studies s... | a three-dimensional parallel radiative transfer model for atmospheric heating rates for use in cloud resolving models-the tenstream solver |
the el niño-southern oscillation (enso) simulated in the community earth system model of the national center for atmospheric research (ncar cesm) is much stronger than in reality. here, satellite data are used to derive a statistical relationship between interannual variations in oceanic chlorophyll (chl) and sea surfa... | an improved enso simulation by representing chlorophyll-induced climate feedback in the ncar community earth system model |
solar and thermal radiation are critical aspects of planetary climate, with gradients in radiative energy fluxes driving heating and cooling. climate models require that radiative transfer tools be versatile, computationally efficient, and accurate. here, we describe a technique that uses an accurate full-physics radia... | linearized flux evolution (life): a technique for rapidly adapting fluxes from full-physics radiative transfer models |
this paper analyses the influence of the extreme saharan desert dust (dd) event on shortwave (sw) and longwave (lw) radiation at the earlinet/aeronet évora station (southern portugal) from 4 up to 7 april 2011. there was also some cloud occurrence in the period. in this context, it is essential to quantify the effect o... | solar and thermal radiative effects during the 2011 extreme desert dust episode over portugal |
the northern bay of bengal (bob) receives a large amount of freshwater directly from monsoonal rains over the ocean, and indirectly through river runoffs. it has been proposed that the resulting strong salinity stratification inhibits vertical mixing of heat, thus contributing to maintain warm sea surface temperature a... | is there an effect of bay of bengal salinity on the northern indian ocean climatological rainfall? |
rapid urbanization and higher thermal comfort requirements have sharply increased buildings' energy demands. in tropical countries, for achieving energy efficient air-conditioning, desiccant dehumidifiers, which decouple sensible and latent load, are essential. while fixed-bed and rotary wheel desiccant dehumidifiers s... | recent developments in solid desiccant coated heat exchangers - a review |
saturn's largest moon titan has a substantial nitrogen-methane atmosphere, with strong seasonal effects, including formation of winter polar vortices. following titan's 2009 northern spring equinox, peak solar heating moved to the northern hemisphere, initiating south-polar subsidence and winter polar vortex formation.... | the formation and evolution of titan's winter polar vortex |
strengthened land-atmosphere coupling in the northeastern united states (neus), accompanied by a positive soil moisture-rainfall feedback, may lead to more drought. coupling between the land and atmosphere emerges when low soil moisture values limit surface latent heat flux, or evapotranspiration, so that a majority of... | soil moisture conditions determine land-atmosphere coupling and drought risk in the northeastern united states |
water and electricity scarcity are two global challenges, especially in arid and remote areas. harnessing ubiquitous moisture and sunlight for water and power generation is a sustainable route to address these challenges. herein, we report a moisture-induced energy harvesting strategy to realize efficient sorption-base... | simultaneous atmospheric water production and 24-hour power generation enabled by moisture-induced energy harvesting |
the qinghai-tibet plateau possesses the largest alpine lake system, which plays a crucial role in the land-atmosphere interaction. we report first observations on the thermal and radiation regime under ice of the largest freshwater lake of the plateau. the results reveal that freshwater lakes on the tibetan plateau ful... | ice-covered lakes of tibetan plateau as solar heat collectors |
entrainment is critical to the development of the atmospheric convective boundary layer (cbl), but little is known about how entrainment is impacted by the aerosol radiative effect. an aerosol radiation transfer model is used in conjunction with large-eddy simulation (les) to quantify the impact of aerosol shortwave ra... | impact of aerosol shortwave radiative heating on entrainment in the atmospheric convective boundary layer: a large-eddy simulation study |
jupiter's atmosphere is one of the most turbulent places in the solar system. whereas observations of lightning and thunderstorms point to moist convection as a small-scale energy source for jupiter's large-scale vortices and zonal jets, this has never been demonstrated due to the coarse resolution of pre-juno measurem... | moist convection drives an upscale energy transfer at jovian high latitudes |
isolated geomagnetic storms during solar minimum offer the opportunity to observe the effects of solar wind on earth's atmosphere without interference from other background changes in the ionosphere-thermosphere system. here, we observe the effects of a minor storm on the ionosphere at middle and low latitudes, where d... | the effects of a small geomagnetic storm on earth's thermosphere and ionosphere: icon observations of the 25 january 2021 disturbance |
the changes in earth's precession have an impact on the tropical precipitation. this has been attributed to the changes in seasonal solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere. the primary mechanism that has been proposed is the change in thermal gradient between the two hemispheres. this may be adequate to understand... | the response of tropical precipitation to earth's precession: the role of energy fluxes and vertical stability |
land cover controls the land-atmosphere exchange of water and energy through the partitioning of solar energy into latent and sensible heat. observations over all land cover types at the regional scale are required to study these turbulent flux dynamics over a landscape. here, we aim to study how the control of daily a... | land cover control on the drivers of evaporation and sensible heat fluxes: an observation-based synthesis for the netherlands |
in order to investigate a possible variety of atmospheric states realized on a synchronously rotating aquaplanet, an experiment studying the impact of planetary rotation rate is performed using an atmospheric general circulation model (gcm) with simplified hydrological and radiative processes. the entire planetary surf... | the circulation pattern and day-night heat transport in the atmosphere of a synchronously rotating aquaplanet: dependence on planetary rotation rate |
multiple atmospheric properties were measured semi-continuously in the budapest platform for aerosol research and training laboratory, which represents the urban background for the time interval of 2008-2018. data of 6 full measurement years during a decennial time interval were subjected to statistical time trend anal... | decennial time trends and diurnal patterns of particle number concentrations in a central european city between 2008 and 2018 |
the water and energy transfers at the interface between the earth's surface and the atmosphere should be correctly simulated in numerical weather and climate models. this implies the need for a realistic and accurate representation of land cover (lc), including appropriate parameters for each vegetation type. in some c... | surface representation impacts on turbulent heat fluxes in the weather research and forecasting (wrf) model (v.4.1.3) |
passive radiative coolers (prcs), which pump excess heat to cold exterior space via thermal radiation, have emerged as a promising energy-free technology in cooling buildings, thermal power plants, and photovoltaics. however, designing a 'daytime' prc is challenging due to the simultaneous requirement of high reflectan... | selective thermal emitters for high-performance all-day radiative cooling |
solar reflective ‘cool roofs’ absorb less sunlight than traditional dark roofs, reducing solar heat gain, and decreasing the amount of heat transferred to the atmosphere. widespread adoption of cool roofs could therefore reduce temperatures in urban areas, partially mitigating the urban heat island effect, and contribu... | revisiting the climate impacts of cool roofs around the globe using an earth system model |
land surface temperature (lst) is a key parameter in the interaction of the land-atmosphere system. however, clouds affect the retrieval of lst data from thermal-infrared remote sensing data. thus, it is important to determine a method for estimating lsts at times when the sky is overcast. based on a one-dimensional he... | estimation of land surface temperature under cloudy skies using combined diurnal solar radiation and surface temperature evolution |
active thermal imaging is an effective nondestructive technique in the structural health monitoring field, especially for concrete structures not exposed directly to the sun. however, the impact of meteorological factors on the testing results is considerable and should be studied in detail. in this study, the impulse ... | effects of ambient temperature and relative humidity on subsurface defect detection in concrete structures by active thermal imaging |
a new parameterization of the solar and infrared optical properties of ice clouds that considers the multiple habits of ice particles was developed on the basis of a prescribed dataset. first, the fitting formulae of the bulk extinction coefficient, single-scatter albedo, asymmetry factor, and δ-function forward-peak f... | a new parameterization for ice cloud optical properties used in bcc-rad and its radiative impact |
multi-year measurements of surface-reaching solar (shortwave) radiation fluxes across a network of aerosol observatories (arfinet) are combined with concurrent satellite (ceres)-based top of the atmosphere (toa) fluxes to estimate regional aerosol direct radiative forcing (arf) over the indian region. the synergistic a... | new estimates of aerosol radiative effects over india from surface and satellite observations |
the diurnal variations of surface and air temperature are closely related, but their different responses to evaporative conditions can inform us about land-atmosphere interactions. here, we evaluate the responses of the diurnal ranges in surface (δts) and air (δta) temperature to evaporative fraction at 160 fluxnet sit... | evaluating the response of diurnal variations in surface and air temperature to evaporative conditions across vegetation types in fluxnet and era5 |
the energy, momentum and mass exchanges between the soil and the atmosphere take place in the surface layer. the difference between the screen temperature of the air at 2 m (t2) and the land surface temperature (lst) is a key parameter in their determination. here an analysis of this difference is made with data from a... | impact of the surface-atmosphere variables on the relation between air and land surface temperatures |
a reservoir of nitric oxide (no) in the lower thermosphere efficiently cools the atmosphere after periods of enhanced geomagnetic activity. transport from this reservoir to the stratosphere within the winter polar vortex allows no to deplete ozone levels and thereby affect the middle atmospheric heat budget. as more cl... | production and transport mechanisms of no in the polar upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere in observations and models |
global estimates of evapotranspiration remain a challenge. in this study, we show that the daily course of air temperature and specific humidity available at routine weather stations can be used to estimate evapotranspiration and the evaporative fraction, the ratio of latent heat flux to available energy at the surface... | evaporation estimates using weather station data and boundary layer theory |
interfacial lattice mismatch and adverse reaction are the key issues hindering the development of nickel oxide (niox)‑based inverted perovskite solar cells (pvscs). herein, a p‑chlorobenzenesulfonic acid (cbsa) self‑assembled small‑molecule (sasm) is adopted to anchor niox and perovskite crystals to endow dual‑passivat... | elimination of interfacial lattice mismatch and detrimental reaction by self‑assembled layer dual‑passivation for efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells |
recent results from the maven langmuir probe and waves instrument suggest higher than predicted electron temperatures (te) in mars' dayside ionosphere above ~180 km in altitude. correspondingly, measurements from neutral gas and ion mass spectrometer indicate significant abundances of o2+ up to ~500 km in altitude, sug... | enhanced o2+ loss at mars due to an ambipolar electric field from electron heating |
the paper presents the simulator for investigation of solar temperature error of radiosondes (sister), a setup that was developed to quantify the solar heating of the temperature sensor of radiosondes under laboratory conditions by recreating as closely as possible the atmospheric and illumination conditions that are e... | laboratory characterisation of the radiation temperature error of radiosondes and its application to the gruan data processing for the vaisala rs41 |
this study aims to quantify the effects of smoke originating from boreal biomass-burning fires on solar radiation propagating through the atmosphere. the wildfires that took place in summer 2017 along greenland's west coast and northern canada produced a considerable amount of particles that were transported north and ... | on the radiative impact of biomass-burning aerosols in the arctic: the august 2017 case study |
the multifluid (mf) magnetohydrodynamic model of mars is improved by solving an additional electron pressure equation. through the electron pressure equation, the electron temperature is calculated based on the effects from various electron-related heating and cooling processes (e.g., photoelectron heating, electron-ne... | importance of ambipolar electric field in driving ion loss from mars: results from a multifluid mhd model with the electron pressure equation included |
a primary goal of the scar (scientific committee for antarctic research) initiated antclim21 (antarctic climate in the 21st century) scientific research programme is to develop analogs for understanding past, present and future climates for the antarctic and southern hemisphere. in this contribution to antclim21 we pro... | ice core and climate reanalysis analogs to predict antarctic and southern hemisphere climate changes |
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