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this study investigates the alteration of climate feedbacks due to overestimated wintertime low-level cloud amount bias over the arctic region (60°n-90°n) in a climate model. the climate feedback was quantitatively examined through radiative kernels that are pre-calculated radiative responses of climate variables to do... | influence of altered low cloud parameterizations for seasonal variation of arctic cloud amount on climate feedbacks |
since the sun is the main source of energy for our planet therefore even a slight change in its output energy can make a huge difference in the climatic conditions of the terrestrial environment. the rate of energy coming from the sun (solar irradiance) might affect our climate directly by changing the rate of solar he... | solar irradiance, climatic indicators and climate change - an empirical analysis |
daytime radiative cooling has drawn much attention recently because a target surface can be passively maintained at sub-ambient temperature. in order to implement a daytime radiative cooling device (simply 'radiative cooler'), strong thermal emission should be focused in the mid-infrared regime (8-13 μm), called 'atmos... | optimization and performance analysis of a multilayer structure for daytime radiative cooling |
the cassini spacecraft detected a surprisingly large temporal temperature variability of 60 kin titan's upper atmosphere during multiple flybys. previous efforts examining such a variability focused on the role of radiative heating but were unable to explain the observations. analytic estimates of the wave energy fluxe... | temperature variability in titan's upper atmosphere: the role of wave dissipation |
on may 31, 2020 a convective storm appeared in one small cyclone in the south temperate belt (stb) of jupiter. the storm, nicknamed as clyde's spot, had an explosive start and quickly diminished in activity in a few days. however, it left a highly turbulent cyclone as a remnant that evolved to become a turbulent segmen... | convective storms in closed cyclones in jupiter: (ii) numerical modeling |
messenger observations suggest a magma ocean formed on proto-mercury, during which evaporation of metals and outgassing of c- and h-bearing volatiles produced an early atmosphere. atmospheric escape subsequently occurred by plasma heating, photoevaporation, jeans escape, and photoionization. to quantify atmospheric los... | evolution of mercury's earliest atmosphere |
the nitric oxide (no) radiative emission at 5.3 μm cools the thermosphere by conversion of solar energy into infrared radiation subsequently exiting thermosphere. it correctly serves as a natural thermostat. the no 5.3-μm emission is even more important during geomagnetic storm events due to huge deposition of heat ene... | local time hemispheric asymmetry in nitric oxide radiative emission during geomagnetic activity |
to alleviate the consequences of the freshwater crisis and fully utilize marine resources in tropical coastal areas, this study presents a low-pressure flash evaporation desalination system driven by ocean thermal energy (ote). through gravity and atmospheric pressure, a natural vacuum can be formed in the evaporator, ... | investigation of a low-pressure flash evaporation desalination system powered by ocean thermal energy |
o/n2, measured by the global ultraviolet imager on board the thermosphere ionosphere mesosphere energetics dynamics satellite, has large longitudinal variations at the solstices, which are simulated well in upper atmosphere general circulation models. these longitudinal variations are caused by the displacement of the ... | longitudinal variations of thermospheric composition at the solstices |
in inverted planar perovskite solar cells (pscs), fullerene (c60) and its derivatives are widely utilized as electron-transport layer (etl) materials, however, possess some drawbacks such as low electron mobility, interfacial degradation, and relatively inferior stability. in this work, we develop a facile thermal anne... | hclo4-assisted fabrication of sno2/c60 bilayer electron-transport materials for all air-processed efficient and stable inverted planar perovskite solar cells |
the spatio-temporal variations in cloud optical properties and the influence of aerosols, radiation feedback and meteorological parameters were investigated at high altitudes of diamir, gilgit and skardu in the himalaya karakoram (hk) region of northern pakistan from 2004 to 2016. the aerosol optical depth (aod) depict... | contrasting changes in cloud optical properties and the influence of aerosols, meteorology and radiation feedback in the himalaya karakoram region |
electron as one component of the solar wind, can influence the solar wind through several mechanisms. the electrons in the solar wind usually exhibit two features in the non-thermal equilibrium distribution: temperature anisotropy and electron beam. such a non-thermal equilibrium distribution can excite electron instab... | electron kinetic instabilities in the solar wind |
the ground surface soil heat flux (g0) quantifies the energy transfer between the atmosphere and the ground through the land surface. however; it is difficult to obtain the spatial distribution of g0 in permafrost regions because of the limitation of in situ observation and complication of ground surface conditions. th... | estimating surface soil heat flux in permafrost regions using remote sensing-based models on the northern qinghai-tibetan plateau under clear-sky conditions |
it is well known that excessive heat exposure causes heat disorders and can lead to death in some situations. evaluation of heat stress on workers performing indoor and outdoor activities is, nowadays, conducted worldwide by wet-bulb globe temperature (wbgt) index, which calculation parameters are dry-bulb, natural wet... | wet-bulb globe temperature index estimation using meteorological data from são paulo state, brazil |
chlorophyll absorbs solar radiation in the upper ocean, increasing the mixed layer radiative heating and sea surface temperatures (sst). although the influence of chlorophyll distributions in the arabian sea on the southwest monsoon has been demonstrated, there is a current knowledge gap regarding how chlorophyll distr... | the effect of seasonally and spatially varying chlorophyll on bay of bengal surface ocean properties and the south asian monsoon |
effective radiative forcing includes a contribution by rapid adjustments, that is, changes in temperature, water vapor, and clouds that modify the energy budget. cloud adjustments in particular have been shown to depend strongly on forcing agent. we perform idealized atmospheric heating experiments to demonstrate a rel... | interpreting the dependence of cloud-radiative adjustment on forcing agent |
the three wave interaction of the powerful magnetoacoustic wave with the alfvén waves in heat-releasing ionized media is considered. the conditions of an amplification and generation of alfvén waves due to the parametrical energy transfer from unstable magnetoacoustic waves are obtained. we find the acoustic increments... | parametrical amplification of alfvén waves in heat-releasing ionized media with magnetoacoustic instability |
the d/h composition of volatile molecules composing cometary ices brings key constraints on the origin of comets, on the extent of their presolar heritage, as well as on the origin of atmospheres and hydrospheres of terrestrial planets. nevertheless, the d/h composition may have been modified to various extents in the ... | kinetics of hydrogen/deuterium exchanges in cometary ices |
land surface processes take place on the interface between the earth and atmosphere, exerting significant influences on the weather and climate. correct modeling of these processes is important to numerical weather forecast and climate prediction. in order to obtain a more thorough understanding of the land surface pro... | testing and improving the performance of the common land model: a case study for the gobi landscape |
the effects of radiation heating and cooling on cumulus cloud development have been the focus of considerable attention for many years. however, it is still not clear how radiation impacts cloud droplet growth. since cloud inhomogeneity has a great influence on radiation transmission, we coupled the 3d atmospheric radi... | a numerical study of effects of radiation on deep convective warm based cumulus cloud development with a 3-d radiative transfer model |
the naval research laboratory (nrl) ocean surface flux (nflux) system provides near-real-time satellite-based gridded surface heat flux fields over the global ocean within hours of the observed satellite measurements. nflux can serve as an alternative to current numerical weather prediction models—in particular, the u.... | nflux satellite-based surface radiative heat fluxes. part ii: gridded products |
we use observations from the imaging science subsystem on cassini to create maps of saturn's northern hemisphere (nh) from 2008 to 2015, a time period including a seasonal transition (i.e., spring equinox in 2009) and the 2010 giant storm. the processed maps are used to investigate vortices in the nh during the period ... | vortices in saturn's northern hemisphere (2008-2015) observed by cassini iss |
observations of small-scale brightenings in the low solar atmosphere can provide valuable constraints on possible heating and heat transport mechanisms. we present a method for the detection and analysis of brightenings, and demonstrate its application to time-series imagery of the interface region imaging spectrograph... | detecting and characterising small-scale brightenings in solar imaging data |
we model the vertical structure of the magnetized accretion disks that are subject to viscous and resistive heating and irradiation by the central star. we apply our formalism to the radial structure of the magnetized accretion disks that are threaded by the poloidal magnetic field dragged during the process of star fo... | vertical structure of magnetized accretion disks around young stars |
atmosphere-ocean interaction, particular the ocean response to strong atmospheric forcing, is a fundamental component of the madden-julian oscillation (mjo). in this paper, we examine how model errors in previous madden-julian oscillation (mjo) events can affect the simulation of subsequent mjo events due to increased ... | assessment of upper-ocean variability and the madden-julian oscillation in extended-range air-ocean coupled mesoscale simulations |
the turbulent ocean surface boundary layer (osbl) shoals during daytime solar surface heating, developing a diurnal warm layer (dwl). the dwl significantly influences osbl dynamics by trapping momentum and heat in a shallow near-surface layer. therefore, dwl depth is critical for understanding osbl transport and ocean-... | langmuir turbulence controls on observed diurnal warm layer depths |
the importance of the energy exchange between the land surface and the atmosphere can be characterized by bulk transfer coefficients for momentum, cd, and heat, ch. the diurnal and monthly variations of both bulk transfer coefficients and lengths of surface roughness are analyzed. based on observed data from january to... | characteristics of land-atmosphere interaction parameters in hinterland of the taklimakan desert |
the long-term safety of shallow disposal facility for short-lived low and intermediate level nuclear waste (llw/ilw) relies on the performance of engineered barriers (caps and liners). soil-atmosphere interaction may affect the capping material at shallow depths, due to changes of its coupled hydro-thermal-mechanical b... | soil-atmosphere interaction in the overburden of a short-lived low and intermediate level nuclear waste (llw/ilw) disposal facility |
context. the so-called hα third emission occurs around pulsation phase ϕ = 0.30. it has been observed for the first time in 2011 in some rr lyrae stars. the emission intensity is very weak, and its profile is a tiny persistent hump in the red side-line profile.aims: we report the first observation of the hα third emiss... | first observation of hα redshifted emission in rr lyr. evidence of a supersonic infalling motion of the atmosphere |
based on the measurements at the aeronet station (ilorin, nigeria), quantitative estimates of radiation and temperature effects of dust aerosol during the intensive sand storm in the sahara desert from january 28 to february 6, 2000, are obtained. the model used in calculations implies particles of dust aerosol being n... | radiation and temperature effects of the intensive injection of dust aerosol into the atmosphere |
defect passivation via post‑treatment of perovskite films is an effective method to fabricate high‑performance perovskite solar cells (pscs). however, the passivation durability is still an issue due to the weak and vulnerable bonding between passivating functional groups and perovskite defect sites. here we propose a ... | robust self‑assembled molecular passivation for high‑performance perovskite solar cells |
the thermal energy needed for the development of hurricanes and monsoons as well as any prolonged marine weather event comes from layers in the upper oceans, not just from the thin layer represented by sea surface temperature alone. ocean layers have different modes of thermal energy variability because of the differen... | dominant modes of upper ocean heat content in the north indian ocean |
a kinetic model enabling investigation of the penetration and degradation of a flux of electrons into high-latitude regions of the hydrogen-dominant upper atmosphere of an exoplanet by means of numerical solution of the boltzmann equation has been developed. it is shown for the case of a dipolar magnetic field that a o... | precipitation of electrons into the upper atmosphere of a hot-jupiter exoplanet |
the sea level vertical refractive index gradient in the u.s. standard atmosphere model is -2.7×10-8 m-1 at 500 nm. at any particular location, the actual refractive index gradient varies due to turbulence and local weather conditions. an imaging experiment was conducted to measure the temporal variability of this gradi... | estimation of temporal variations in path-averaged atmospheric refractive index gradient from time-lapse imagery |
the noachian climate of mars is thought by many to have been "warm and wet", characterized by a global mean annual temperature (mat) >273 k and abundant rainfall infiltrating into the groundwater system. in this "warm and wet" scenario, when the groundwater system was in contact with the surface in the northern lowl... | oceans on mars: the possibility of a noachian groundwater-fed ocean in a sub-freezing martian climate |
we report on the results of studying the radio emission of the rydberg states of atoms and molecules in the earth's upper atmosphere at ionospheric altitudes when the ionosphere is modified by high-power hf radio waves radiated by the sura heating facility. radio emission from the upper atmosphere, caused by the emissi... | radio emission of rydberg atoms in the upper atmosphere modified by high-power hf radio waves |
as arctic sea ice retreats during the melt season, the upper ocean warms in response to atmospheric heat fluxes. overall, clouds reduce these fluxes in summer, but how the radiative impacts of clouds on ocean warming could change as sea ice declines has not been documented. in global climate model simulations with vari... | clouds increasingly influence arctic sea surface temperatures as co2 rises |
although the power conversion efficiency (pce) of perovskite solar cells (pscs) increases rapidly, there are still some issues that limit their commercialization. the perovskite is sensitive to the water molecules, increasing the difficulty in the preparation of perovskite films in ambient condition. most high-performa... | preparing ambient-processed perovskite solar cells with better electronic properties via preheating assisted one-step deposition method |
modifying earth's albedo is one of the strategies considered to reduce its energy imbalance and slow global warming by reflecting solar energy. atmospheric contributions to reflected solar radiation through stratospheric aerosols or cloud brightening have received considerable attention; however, the efficacy of surfac... | mapping potential surface contributions to reflected solar radiation |
in this paper, the morphological variations of the m2 layer of the martian ionosphere with the martian seasons and solar zenith angle (sza) at the terminator are investigated. the data used are the marsis (mars advanced radar for subsurface and ionosphere sounding) measurements (approximately 5000 ionograms) that were ... | topside of the martian ionosphere near the terminator: variations with season and solar zenith angle and implications for the origin of the transient layers |
we investigated four luminous supersoft x-ray sources (ssss) in the magellanic clouds suspected to have optical counterparts of be spectral type. if the origin of the x-rays is in a very hot atmosphere heated by hydrogen burning in accreted envelopes of white dwarfs (wds), like in the majority of ssss, these objects ar... | supersoft x-ray sources identified with be binaries in the magellanic clouds |
effective diagnostics of natural and technogenic pollutions of the ocean and forming snow-ice cover is considered on the basis of priority observation and registration of the changing optical characteristics of the seawater and glaciers. the paper discusses influence of abnormal optical properties on overheating of the... | the criterial optics of oceans and glaciers with technogenic pollutions |
using a combination of atmospheric reanalysis data, climate model outputs and a simple model, key mechanisms controlling net surface heating over the southern ocean are identified. all data sources used suggest that, in a streamline-averaged view, net surface heating over the antarctic circumpolar current (acc) is a re... | why is there net surface heating over the antarctic circumpolar current? |
this study represents the first detailed analysis of multi-year, near-surface turbulence observations for an urban area located in highly complex terrain. using 4 years of eddy covariance measurements over the alpine city of innsbruck, austria, the effects of the urban surface, orographic setting and mountain weather o... | energy and mass exchange at an urban site in mountainous terrain - the alpine city of innsbruck |
one great challenge for perovskite solar cells (pscs) lies in their poor operational stability under harsh stimuli by humidity, heat, light, etc. herein, a thermal‑triggered self‑healing polyurethane (pu) is tailored to simultaneously improve the efficiency and stability of inorganic cspbibr2 pscs. the dynamic covalent... | thermal‑triggered dynamic disulfide bond self‑heals inorganic perovskite solar cells |
in the absence of solar radiation, precipitating electrons from the solar wind (sw) are generally thought to be the dominant source of energy deposition in the nightside martian upper atmosphere, creating a patchy ionosphere and possibly also affecting the nightside thermal budget of various neutral and ionized species... | in situ heating of the nightside martian upper atmosphere and ionosphere: the role of solar wind electron precipitation |
a novel small-sized solar seawater desalination system with multi-effect heat recovery processes using all-glass evacuated tube absorber as heat collector, in which there is no power pump and the steam and freshwater flow are driven only by pressure drop, was designed and tested. the whole system consists of 7 heat col... | performance study on a passive solar seawater desalination system using multi-effect heat recovery |
present models admit a wide range of 2015 surface conditions at pluto and charon, where the atmospheric pressure may undergo dramatic seasonal variation and for which measurements are imminent from the new horizons mission. one anticipated observation is the microwave brightness temperature, heretofore anticipated as i... | probing pluto's underworld: ice temperatures from microwave radiometry decoupled from surface conditions |
the indian ocean tripole (iot) is an independent mode of ocean-atmosphere circulation centered on the tropical indian ocean. this study explores the physical mechanisms of the iot affecting the western united states climate variation during the boreal summer. we find that the iot is significantly correlated with both w... | climatic effects of the indian ocean tripole on the western united states in boreal summer |
large-scale atmospheric models (lsams) that utilize the monte carlo independent column approximation (mcica) have, thus far, paired mcica only with two-stream approximations (tsas) of the radiative transfer equation. in this study, the short-wave tsa is exchanged for a monte carlo (mc) photon transport model. more than... | application of a monte carlo solar radiative transfer modelin the mcica framework |
in the recent years, a lot of research has been carried out in the field of nanofluid based solar collector, leading towards the enhancement of working efficiency even at low atmospheric temperature or at low sunlight levels regions of the world. the present review pertains to the research progress related to the perfo... | advancements in thermal energy storage system by applications of nanofluid based solar collector: a review |
besides highly reflecting solar energy, the spectrum-selective radiative cooling materials (rcms) dissipate heat to outer space especially through the atmospheric window (e.g., 8-13 μm) and achieve sub-ambient temperature under direct sunlight. not only potentially contributing to earth's heat rebalance, the daytime ra... | systematically incorporating spectrum-selective radiative cooling into building performance simulation: numerical integration method and experimental validation |
augmentation of the quenching heat transfer at higher temperature regimes is an issue of greater importance in nuclear reactors, avionics, material science, electronic cooling, and solar thermal power plants. the occurrence of film boiling and dependency of bubble behavior on cooling surface orientation are the pressin... | experimental investigation on the effect of additives on different orientations of al6061 cylindrical sample during immersion quenching |
atmospheric remote-sensing infrared exoplanet large survey (ariel) is a candidate as an m4 esa mission to launch in 2026. during its 3.5 years of scientific operations, ariel will observe spectroscopically in the infrared (ir) a large population of known transiting planets in the neighbourhood of the solar system. arie... | an afocal telescope configuration for the esa ariel mission |
we report for the first time, simultaneous ion, electron, magnetic field vector and electric field wave measurements made possible by mars atmosphere and volatile evolution, during ion energy flux spikes in low-altitude radial crustal magnetic fields on the mars dayside. observations show energetic electrons and ions (... | maven case studies of plasma dynamics in low-altitude crustal magnetic field at mars 1: dayside ion spikes associated with radial crustal magnetic fields |
the weather and climate conditions contributing to the energy and water availability during the sugar beet vegetation period within the belgorod region were studied. it was found that the sugar beet yield in the region currently depends on the climate at the 15% level. the variability and trends of sugar beet yields an... | sugar beet harvests under modern climatic conditions in the belgorod region (southwest russia) |
in the fall of 2013, the vaisala rs41-sg (4th generation) radiosonde was introduced as a replacement for the rs92-sgp radiosonde with improvements in measurement accuracy of profiles of atmospheric temperature, humidity and pressure. in order to help characterize these improvements, an intercomparison campaign was unde... | comparison of vaisala radiosondes rs41 and rs92 at the arm southern great plains site |
in this work, we analysed nadir observations of atmospheric infrared emissions carried out by virtis, a high-resolution spectrometer on board the european spacecraft venus express. we focused on the ro-vibrational band of co2 at 4.3 μm on the dayside, whose fluorescence originates in the venus upper mesosphere and abov... | dayside temperatures in the venus upper atmosphere from venus express/virtis nadir measurements at 4.3 μm |
a method is presented for evaluation the radiation flux produced by a gas layer near a heated surface, where the gas temperature depends on a distance from the surface. this method refers to small temperature gradients and operates with an effective radiation temperature for each frequency, as well as with the width of... | radiation of gas layer over hot surface |
the atmospheric boundary layer (abl) is one of the most fundamental yet complex components of the earth's atmosphere. hence, studying the abl has important theoretical value and practical significance. in this paper, the structural characteristics and heating (cooling) rate of the abl in summer over the northern tibeta... | characteristics of the atmospheric boundary layer's structure and heating (cooling) rate in summer over the northern tibetan plateau |
cu2znsns4 (czts) represents a promising p-type direct band gap semiconductor with large absorption coefficient in the visible region of solar light. in the present study, a kesterite czts nanocrystalline film, with high purity, was successfully synthesized via the combination of successive ionic layer adsorption and re... | novel development of nanocrystalline kesterite cu2znsns4 thin film with high photocatalytic activity under visible light illumination |
the wasted heat generated by the solar array on stratospheric airship may deteriorate the conversion efficiency and affect the energy system of the airship. therefore, accurate understanding on the thermal characteristic of solar array is critical important to the design and operation of stratospheric airship. the ther... | thermal performance analysis of solar array for solar powered stratospheric airship |
direct air capture (dac) is a negative emission technology that can remove up to 10–20 gt of co2 per year. however, to achieve this potential, dac systems must be coupled to suitable locally available energy sources and sited near geological storage. this study explores the potential of low‑carbon energy sources to sup... | assessing the physical potential capacity of direct air capture with integrated supply of low‑carbon energy sources |
the san joaquin valley (sjv) in california experiences persistent air quality problems associated with elevated particulate matter (pm) concentrations due to anthropogenic emissions, topography, and meteorological conditions. thus it is important to unravel the various sources and processes that affect the physico-chem... | influences of emission sources and meteorology on aerosol chemistry in a polluted urban environment: results from discover-aq california |
a small-scale prototype with one thermoelectric module was constructed to collect water from the atmosphere, and studied experimentally. it was driven by a solar panel module and operated by reducing the cold side temperature to less than the dew point temperature of ambient air. the system was designed and assembled d... | experimental study of atmospheric water collection powered by solar energy using the peltier effect |
the depth to which solar radiation can penetrate through ice is an important factor in understanding surface-atmosphere interactions for icy planetary surfaces. mars hosts both water and carbon dioxide ice on the surface and in the subsurface. at high latitudes during autumn and winter carbon dioxide condenses to form ... | the penetration of solar radiation into water and carbon dioxide snow, with reference to mars |
it is known that unconfined dust explosions typically start off with a relatively weak primary flame followed by a severe secondary explosion. we show that clustering of dust particles in a temperature stratified turbulent flow ahead of the primary flame may give rise to a significant increase in the radiation penetrat... | mechanism of unconfined dust explosions: turbulent clustering and radiation-induced ignition |
an accurate estimate of the energy budget (heating and cooling) of the ionosphere and thermosphere, especially during space weather events, has been a challenge. the abundance of nitric oxide (no), a minor species in the thermosphere, is an important component of energy balance here because its production comes from en... | comparison of the thermospheric nitric oxide emission observations and the gitm simulations: sensitivity to solar and geomagnetic activities |
in this brief note we explore the role of the neutral atmosphere in magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling. we analyze momentum balance in the ion rest frame to form hypotheses regarding the role of neutral momentum in the lower ionosphere during geomagnetic storms. neutral momentum that appears in the ion rest frame is lik... | on the role of neutral flow in field-aligned currents |
rapid escape from a proposed early ch4/nh3 atmosphere on titan could, in principle, limit the amount of nh3 that is converted by photolysis into the present n2 atmosphere. assuming that this conversion occurred, a recent estimate of escape driven by the surface temperature and pressure was used to constrain titan's acc... | evolution of an early titan atmosphere |
plants modify the climate and provide natural cooling through transpiration. however, plant response is not only dependent on the atmospheric evaporative demand due to the combined effects of wind speed, air temperature, humidity, and solar radiation, but is also dependent on the water transport within the plant leaf-x... | a study on diurnal microclimate hysteresis and plant morphology of a buxus sempervirens using piv, infrared thermography, and x-ray imaging |
cu2cosns4 (ccts) thin films which belong to the chalcogenide family, were synthesized by spray pyrolysis technique. these films were deposited onto glass substrate heated at 200 °c for spray duration 60 min and were annealed in the sulfur atmosphere at 550 °c during 30 min. the diffractograms of x-ray diffraction (xrd)... | cu2cosns4 thin films as suitable absorber layers for photovoltaic applications, synthesized by spray pyrolysis |
woody logging residues produced by logging activities are currently an underutilised resource that is mainly burned for energy production or left in the forest to decay, thus releasing co2 into the atmosphere. this resource could be used to manufacture long-lasting products and store a significant amount of co2, promot... | co2 storage in logging residue products with analysis of energy production scenarios |
this study presents a comparison between thermal oil and molten salt parabolic trough power plants as well as molten salt solar towers. although higher temperature differences in solar towers enable higher power cycle efficiencies, the necessity of large solar fields for increasing turbine capacities and capacity facto... | a techno-economic comparative analysis of thermal oil and molten salt parabolic trough power plants with molten salt solar towers |
cu (in, ga) se2 (cigs) nano ink were synthesized from molecular precursors of cucl, in cl3, gacl3 and se metal heated to 240 °c for 1 hour in n2-atmosphere to form cigs nanocrystal ink, thin films were deposited onto au/soda-lime glass (slg) substrates. this work focused on cigs nanocrystals, including their synthesis ... | deposited cu (in, ga) se2 (cigs) by spin-coating technique as an absorber layer of solar-cells |
roof space bears a considerable quantity of indoor thermal energy loss and solar energy gain, especially for the low-rise residential buildings, where heat transfer accounts for a large proportion. radiative cooling strategy can cool an object, by emitting the thermal infrared irradiation passing through the atmospheri... | integration of radiative-based air temperature regulating system into residential building for energy saving |
mars ionospheric temperatures exhibit profound variability based on, for example, changes in solar irradiance, solar local time, season, and latitude. the close coupling between ionospheric temperatures and neutral thermospheric density is of even greater importance. to evaluate these effects and to quantify their cont... | an empirical model of electron temperatures in the mars ionosphere based on langmuir probe measurements in the descending phase of solar cycle 24 |
in the solar system, the surface of an icy moon is composed of irregular ice formations at cryogenic temperatures (<200 k), with an oxidized surface layer and a tenuous atmosphere at very low pressure (<10-6 atm). a lander mission, whose aim is to collect and analyze biological samples from the surface ice, must ... | a prototype ice-melting probe for collecting biological samples from cryogenic ice at low pressure |
a large fraction of energy, including solar energy, is dissipated into ambient atmosphere as low‑grade waste heat. efficient utilization of such energy is critical to address the current energy crisis and global warming issue. herein, the efficient near‑ir (nir)‑photothermal, thermoelectric, and thus photo‑thermo‑elect... | efficient photo‑thermo‑electric conversion using polyoxovanadate in ionic liquid for low‑grade heat utilization |
electron and magnetic field measurements from the mars atmosphere and volatile environment (maven) mission are utilized to study the interaction between mars and the solar wind. instruments like the solar wind electron analyzer (swea) aboard maven measure properties of the electron environment over a broad range of ele... | properties of electron distributions in the martian space environment |
we apply the direct simulation monte carlo rarefied gas dynamic technique to simulations of pluto's rarefied upper atmosphere motivated by the need to better understand new horizons (nh) data. we present a novel three-dimensional dsmc model of the atmosphere that spans from several hundred km below the exobase - where ... | rarefied gas dynamic simulation of transfer and escape in the pluto-charon system |
purpose solar energy applications are limited because of its intermittent and discontinuous availability with respect to time. hence, solar energy thermal conversion systems need integration with thermal storage units (tsus) to use solar energy in off sunshine hours. this paper aims to perform thermal analysis of a sol... | thermal performance of a packed bed double pass solar air heater with a latent heat storage system: an experimental investigation |
today, we face some significant environmental and energy problems such as global warming, urban heat island, and the precarious balance of world oil supply and demand. however, we have not yet found a satisfactory solution to these problems. waste heat recovery is considered to be one of the best solutions because it c... | consideration of thermoelectric power generation by using hot spring thermal energy or industrial waste heat |
the earth's neutral atmosphere is the driver of the well-known solar quiet (sq) and other magnetic variations observed for more than 100 years. yet the understanding of how the neutral wind can accomplish a dynamo effect has been incomplete. a new viable model is presented where a dynamo effect is obtained only in the ... | entangled dynamos and joule heating in the earth's ionosphere |
the naval research laboratory (nrl) ocean surface flux (nflux) system originally provided operational near-real-time satellite-based surface state parameter and turbulent heat flux fields over the global ocean. this study extends the nflux system to include the production of swath-level shortwave and longwave radiative... | nflux satellite-based surface radiative heat fluxes. part i: swath-level products |
this study explored the characteristics of marine heatwaves (mhws) and the related dynamics in bay of bengal (bob) associated with el niño events during 1982-2020. this showed that el niño can induce more mhw days, which displays remarkable seasonality. the strong influences of el niño were found in the southern bob at... | seasonal diversity of el niño-induced marine heatwave increases in the bay of bengal |
increasing surface reflectivity decreases the skin and air temperature, which potentially reduces cooling energy demands. the state of the art online numerical weather research and forecasting model (wrf) is used to investigate the effect of increasing albedo in toronto, ontario, during the 2018 heat wave period (july ... | effects of increasing urban albedo in the greater toronto area |
surface energy budgets are important to the ecohydrology of complex terrain, where land surfaces cycle in and out of shadows creating distinct microclimates. shading in such environments can help regulate downstream flow over the course of a growing season, but our knowledge on how shadows impact the energy budget and ... | the impact of variable horizon shade on the growing season energy budget of a subalpine headwater wetland |
we explore the potential role of clouds in moderating the nighttime temperature within gale crater, as observed by the rover environmental monitoring station (rems) instrument suite aboard the curiosity rover. just prior to aphelion, the decreasing trend in minimum daily temperature within gale slows down. we investiga... | thermal forcing of the nocturnal near surface environment by martian water ice clouds |
analyze localized ionospheric-thermospheric (it) events in response to external driving by a high-speed stream (hss) during the ascending phase of the solar cycle 24. the hss event occurred from ~ 29 april to 5 may, 2011. the hss itself (and not the associated corotating interaction region) caused a moderate geomagneti... | localized thermosphere ionization events during the high-speed stream interval of 29 april to 5 may 2011 |
a simple but effective passivation method of both front and rear surfaces using porous silicon (ps) has been developed. this paper investigates the effect of libr on the passivation of ps. the immersion of as-etched ps in dilute libr solution followed by an annealing in an infrared furnace, under a controlled atmospher... | libr treated porous silicon used for efficient surface passivation of crystalline silicon solar cells |
the annular solar eclipse (ase) occurred on december 26, 2019, which was visible at most of the south indian subcontinents with greater than 80% obscurity, particularly during the morning hours, and it played a crucial role in the atmospheric dynamics. for the first time, the ground-based measurements have used to inve... | perturbations of atmospheric surface layer characteristics during the annular solar eclipse on 26 december 2019 over a semi-arid region anantapur in southern india |
buoyancy-driven convection flows play a crucial role in global heat and momentum transport in atmosphere. simplified planetary and stellar atmospheres can be described by a spherical gap geometry with special boundary conditions for the temperature. in the spherical gap, the dielectrophoretic effect is used to synthesi... | numerical investigation of atmospherelike flows in a spherical geometry |
shock waves are believed to play an important role in plasma heating. the shock-like temporal jumps in radiation intensity and doppler shift have been identified in the solar atmosphere. however, a quantitative diagnosis of the shocks in the solar atmosphere is still lacking, seriously hindering the understanding of sh... | a new method to comprehensively diagnose shock waves in the solar atmosphere based on simultaneous spectroscopic and imaging observations |
past observations and modeling of jupiter's thermosphere have, due to their limited resolution, suggested that heat generated by the aurora near the poles results in a smooth thermal gradient away from these aurorae, indicating a quiescent and diffuse flow of energy within the subauroral thermosphere. here we discuss v... | the great cold spot in jupiter's upper atmosphere |
in this study, we present parameterization schemes of dust single-scattering properties (ssps) in order to establish a fast and accurate way to obtain the ssps for dust shortwave radiative flux calculation. based on the assumption that dust particles are spheroids, we represent a single nonspherical particle with a col... | parameterization of the single-scattering properties of dust aerosols in radiative flux calculations |
a pronounced tropical cooling (> 4 °c) and high-latitude warming in the annual mean sea surface temperature (sst) climatology is found in a numerical experiment conducted with a coupled model consisting of an atmospheric general circulation model (agcm) coupled to a slab ocean model (som) in which the time-independe... | the sensitivity of climatological sst to slab ocean model thickness |
solar energy refers to clean and renewable energy sources. the operation of radiation heating systems does not require significant costs. the work of radiation panels is affected by a number of natural factors, such as clouds, temperature and humidity of atmospheric air, precipitation, fog, time of year and day, sun po... | influence of clouds and air temperature on the performance of the radiation heating system |
in this study, we take advantage of two modeling experiments and a-train satellite observations to characterize the impact of cloud biases in the vertical distribution of radiative heating rates in eight general circulation models general circulation models (gcms). we compare the modeled vertical distribution of clouds... | evaluation of radiative heating rate profiles in eight gcms using a-train satellite observations |
high sensitivity to external environments such as moisture, heat, oxygen, and ultraviolet light is an obstacle that must be overcome for the successful large-scale commercialization of organometallic hybrid perovskite solar cells. in particular, sufficiently high humidity resistance is essential for the synthesis of re... | antisolvent treatment of reproducible mapbi3 perovskite solar cells in ambient atmosphere |
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