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the planetary boundary-layer (pbl) afternoon and evening transition is investigated with measurements from two-month datasets, gathered at two experimental sites significantly different regarding heterogeneity, the degree of terrain wetness, and proximity to mountains. the period of 4 h prior to and after astronomical ... | atmospheric boundary-layer evening transitions: a comparison between two different experimental sites |
context. rocky planets with orbital periods shorter than ~1 day have been discovered by the method of transits and their study can provide information on earth-like planets not available from bodies on longer period orbits.aims: a new mechanism for the internal heating of such ultra-short-period planets is proposed bas... | an internal heating mechanism operating in ultra-short-period planets orbiting magnetically active stars |
a type of composite surface was manufactured for trial to achieve integrated solar heating and radiative cooling functions. the spectral properties of the composite surface present a relatively clear selectivity in the spectra of solar heating and radiation cooling wavelengths. a combined system for both solar heating ... | field test and preliminary analysis of a combined diurnal solar heating and nocturnal radiative cooling system |
heat-treated succinite modified under air, oxygen or inert gas atmosphere to improve its colour and clarity, was studied with fourier-transform infrared and raman spectroscopy, and referenced to variously altered untreated samples. for treated amber, the macroscopic observations revealed diagnostic features such as (1)... | identification of treated baltic amber by ftir and ft-raman - a feasibility study |
the accurate treatment of surface turbulent fluxes is crucial for understanding the exchange of heat and moisture, which plays an important role in precipitation processes. in the bulk formula for estimating surface turbulent fluxes in atmospheric models, the ocean surface is assumed to be saturated with pure water. th... | impact of the sea surface salinity on simulated precipitation in a global numerical weather prediction model |
a time-lapse imaging experiment was conducted to monitor the effects of the atmosphere over some period of time. a tripod-mounted digital camera captured images of a distant building every minute. correlation techniques were used to calculate the position shifts between the images. two factors causing shifts between th... | estimation of the path-averaged atmospheric refractive index structure constant from time-lapse imagery |
both plant physiology and atmospheric chemistry are substantially altered by the emission of volatile isoprenoids (vi), such as isoprene and monoterpenes, from plant leaves. yet, since gaining scientific attention in the 1950's, empirical research on leaf vi has been largely confined to laboratory experiments and atmos... | a new field instrument for leaf volatiles reveals an unexpected vertical profile of isoprenoid emission capacities in a tropical forest |
in this study, we introduce a newly developed upper-air observational instrument for atmospheric research. the "storm tracker" is an ultra-lightweight (about 20 g including battery), multi-channel simultaneous capable radiosonde designed by the department of atmospheric sciences at national taiwan university. developed... | the development of the "storm tracker" and its applications for atmospheric high-resolution upper-air observations |
solar heating of the relative humidity (rh) probe on vaisala rs92 radiosondes results in a large dry bias in the upper troposphere. two different algorithms (miloshevich et al., 2009, milo hereafter; and wang et al., 2013, wang hereafter) have been designed to account for this solar radiative dry bias (srdb). these cor... | evaluation of two vaisala rs92 radiosonde solar radiative dry bias correction algorithms |
as brown carbon (brc) consists of a collection of light-absorbing organic compounds, there is unlikely an individual substance that can be used as a proxy of all brc constituents. hence, available methods for distinguishing brc from black carbon (bc) are often flawed. moreover, the use of household solid fuels for wint... | seasonal features of brown carbon in northern china: implications for brc emission control |
numerical high-resolution modeling of nonlinear acoustic-gravity waves (agws) generated at the earth's surface and propagating to the thermosphere shows that wave characteristics are depending on modifications in the mean density, temperature, molecular dissipation and composition due to variations of solar activity (s... | thermal effects of nonlinear acoustic-gravity waves propagating at thermospheric temperatures matching high and low solar activity |
the formation and pronounced diurnal variation of the nocturnal low-level jet (nllj), and the dust activities associated with the nllj over the taklimakan desert (td) are revealed by the simulations from a coupled meteorology-chemistry model wrf-chem. based on the model diagnostic analysis, it is found that the nllj is... | dust activities induced by nocturnal low-level jet over the taklimakan desert from wrf-chem simulation |
urban areas are expanding worldwide due to increasing population, standard of living, and migration from rural areas. this study uses satellite and road data to quantify the urbanization of two megacities, new delhi and los angeles, between 2000 and 2009. it then estimates, with a three-dimensional nested global-throug... | short-term impacts of the megaurbanizations of new delhi and los angeles between 2000 and 2009 |
previous studies have found amplified warming over europe-west asia and northeast asia in summer since the mid-1990s relative to elsewhere on the eurasian continent, but the cause of the amplification in these two regions remains unclear. in this study, we compared the individual contributions of influential factors fo... | comparative analysis of the mechanisms of intensified summer warming over europe-west asia and northeast asia since the mid-1990s through a process-based decomposition method |
the gaussian-legendre, gaussian-lobatto, gaussian-chebyshev and gaussian quadrature (gq) with different moment powers have been investigated by applying them into the four-stream solar and infrared radiative transfer algorithms. for solar radiative transfer, the gaussian-chebyshev and gq with moment power m=0 show rela... | accounting for gaussian quadrature in four-stream radiative transfer algorithms |
throughout a single day, the microclimatic conditions in tropical montane cloud forests vary from strong solar radiation with simultaneous strong atmospheric water demand (high vapor pressure deficit, vpd, values), followed quickly by clouds and fog events drastically reducing both of these environmental variables. due... | slope position influences vegetation-atmosphere interactions in a tropical montane cloud forest |
we studied a circular-ribbon flare, sol2014-12-17t04:51, with emphasis on its thermal evolution as determined by the differential emission measure (dem) inversion analysis of the extreme ultraviolet (euv) images of the atmospheric imaging assembly instrument on board the solar dynamics observatory. both temperature and... | heating and eruption of a solar circular-ribbon flare |
we attempt to model magnetic reconnection during the two-ribbon flare in a gravitationally stratified solar atmosphere with the lundquist number of s = 106 using 2d simulations. we found that the tearing mode instability leads to inhomogeneous turbulence inside the reconnecting current sheet (cs) and invokes the fast p... | two-dimensional modeling of the tearing-mode-governed magnetic reconnection in the large-scale current sheet above the two-ribbon flare |
the impact of solar activity on climate system is spatiotemporally selective and usually more significant on the regional scale. using statistical methods and solar radio flux (srf) data, this paper investigates the impact of the solar 11-yr cycle on regional climate of northeast asia in recent decades. significant dif... | the effect of solar cycle on climate of northeast asia |
the escape of heavy ions from the earth atmosphere is a consequence of energization and transport mechanisms, including photoionization, electron precipitation, ion-electron-neutral chemistry, and collisions. numerous studies considered the outflow of o+ ions only, but ignored the observational record of outflowing n+.... | the contribution of n+ ions to earth's polar wind |
study region. lake nam-co, a typical deep alpine lake in the central of tibetan plateau. study focus. this study investigates the role of surface turbulent fluxes in simulating lake freeze-up and the role of solar radiation transfer (when lake ice exists) in simulating the lake ice break-up. new hydrological insights. ... | understanding two key processes associated with alpine lake ice phenology using a coupled atmosphere-lake model |
a reformulation of hydrogel thermodynamics, focusing on water in hydrogel for atmospheric water harvesting, solar interfacial evaporation, and desalination is presented. most thermodynamic modeling of hydrogels is built on flory's theories for the entropy of mixing and rubber elasticity, and donnan's equilibrium condit... | thermodynamics of hydrogels for applications in atmospheric water harvesting, evaporation, and desalination |
sunlight absorbed at the earth's surface is re-emitted as longwave radiation. increasing atmospheric concentrations of co2 and other greenhouse gases trap an increasing fraction of such heat, leading to global climate change. here we show that when a chlorophyll (chl)-deficient soybean mutant is grown in the field, the... | a chlorophyll-deficient, highly reflective soybean mutant: radiative forcing and yield gaps |
in this report, we explored the substitution of triple cations at b-site of abx3 perovskite architecture in inorganic-organic hybrid perovskite materials in order to improve its stability over moisture and heat, which is considered as the paramount obstacles for commercialization of perovskite solar cell. in the curren... | organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskites impregnated with group 1 and 15 elements for solar cell application |
jupiter's upper atmosphere is ∼700 k hotter than predicted based on solar extreme ultraviolet heating alone. the reason for this still remains a mystery and is known as the "energy crisis." it is thought that the interaction between jupiter and its dynamic magnetosphere plays a vital role in heating its atmosphere to t... | magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere coupling at jupiter using a three-dimensional atmospheric general circulation model |
the present study concerns the determination of the characteristics of bioclimatic conditions, as well as the synoptic situations related to the occurrence of thermal stress conditions, in poland. the study was based on daily data obtained from the institute of meteorology and water management - national research insti... | effect of regional baric systems on the occurrence of bioclimatic conditions in poland |
the jack rabbit ii (jr ii) chlorine field experiment observations are being used in a multi-dispersion model comparison exercise. so that all models are using consistent meteorological inputs, we analyzed the many early-morning meteorological observations that were taken at dugway proving ground (dpg), utah, during the... | meteorological data recommendations for input to dispersion models applied to jack rabbit ii trials |
in addition to climate perturbations, various problems such as air pollution, reduction in the visibility and human health hazards were caused by atmospheric aerosols in the middle east specifically in the last two decades. with the help of the aerosol robotic network (aeronet), the measurement of the aerosol optical a... | climatological analysis of the optical properties of aerosols and their direct radiative forcing in the middle east |
phytoplankton pigments (e.g., chlorophyll-a) absorb solar radiation in the upper ocean and induce a pronounced radiant heating effect (chlorophyll effect) on the climate. however, the ocean chlorophyll-induced heating effect on the mean climate state in the tropical pacific has not been understood well. here, a hybrid ... | coupling ocean-atmosphere intensity determines ocean chlorophyll-induced sst change in the tropical pacific |
the geologic history of the multi-ringed argyre impact basin and surroundings has been reconstructed on the basis of geologic mapping and relative-age dating of rock materials and structures. the impact formed a primary basin, rim materials, and a complex basement structural fabric including faults and valleys that are... | geological and hydrological histories of the argyre province, mars |
aerosol optical depth (aod), black carbon (bc) mass concentration, aerosol size, along with wind parameters, were derived during southern ocean expeditions (soe) 7 and 8 carried out in austral summer of 2013 and 2015, with an aim to analyse the effect of aerosol on incoming solar radiation. the data were complemented w... | physical-chemical characteristics of composite aerosols in the indian ocean sector of the southern ocean and its associated effect on insolation: a climate perspective |
the direct collisions that thermospheric neutral particles experience with convecting ionospheric ions is the primary way in which energy from the solar wind is deposited into the earth's atmosphere. because of these collisions, the neutral gas polewards of middle latitudes (∼ ± 40∘ geomagnetic) is often set into motio... | the superdarn's role in ion-neutral coupling research |
antarctic sea ice variations are affected by moisture and heat from low- and mid-latitudes, more than 90% of which are transported by atmospheric rivers (ars). this study employs the era5 reanalysis and satellite observations to detect all the ars over the antarctic sea ice and analyze the general contributions of ars ... | the role of atmospheric rivers in antarctic sea ice variations |
the effect of impurities in snow on solar heating and possible melting of a layered snowpack is studied using the developed computational model for the spectral radiative transfer. the combined model includes different approaches for two spectral regions. the recently obtained analytical solution based on the two-flux ... | the influence of pollution on solar heating and melting of a snowpack |
co2 is a valuable resource, life on earth depends on it. rather than wasting it to the atmosphere, or burying it underground, co2 can be combined with water and turned into valuable chemicals and fuels, the process being powered by renewable electricity. renewable electricity generated by wind and photovoltaics (pv) is... | co2 neutral fuels |
for decades, researchers assumed that enrichment of dissolved organic matter (dom) in the sea surface microlayer (sml) is solely controlled by changes in the dom concentration at this uppermost thin boundary layer between the ocean and the atmosphere. we conducted high-resolution observations of fluorescent-dom (fdom) ... | high-resolution observations on enrichment processes in the sea-surface microlayer |
over-reliance on non-renewable fossil fuel leads to steadily increasing concentration of atmospheric co2, which has been implicated as a critical factor contributing to global warming. the efficient conversion of co2 into useful product is highly sought after both in academic and industry. herein, a novel conversion st... | renewable and high efficient syngas production from carbon dioxide and water through solar energy assisted electrolysis in eutectic molten salts |
recent studies have highlighted the fact that the extratropical lower stratosphere, up to ∼10 km from the thermal tropopause, is far from being isothermal. the tropopause is sharper than once thought and the vertical temperature profile in the next layers undergoes significant seasonal variations. here, an analytical m... | water vapour stratification and dynamical warming behind the sharpness of the earth's midlatitude tropopause |
we present theoretical predictions for the free-free emission at centimeter wavelengths obtained from photoevaporation and magnetohydrodynamic (mhd) wind disk models adjusted to the case of the tw hydrae young stellar object. for this system, disk photoevaporation with heating due to the high-energy photons from the st... | testing photoevaporation and mhd disk wind models through future high-angular resolution radio observations: the case of tw hydrae |
solar cells based on a nio/zno p-n junction structure responding to co2 gas were fabricated by conventional rf sputtering. the developed nio/zno solar cells exhibited evident photovoltaic effects and response to co2 gas when exposed to sunlight at room temperature without thermal heating or external power supply. the o... | fabrication of solar cells with co2 gas sensing capabilities based on a nio/zno p-n junction for developing self-powered gas sensors |
an observed sea fog event over the eastern yellow sea on 15–16 april 2012 was reproduced in the weather research and forecasting (wrf) simulation with high-resolution to investigate the roles of physical processes and synoptic-scale flows on advection fog with phase transition. first, it was verified by a satellite-bas... | advection fog over the eastern yellow sea: wrf simulation and its verification by satellite and in situ observations |
a modelling case-study based on observations from the dynamics of the madden-julian oscillation field campaign is presented and discussed. it aims at investigating the ocean-atmosphere coupling and the marine atmospheric boundary-layer structure over an oceanic diurnal warm layer. this case corresponds to the developme... | a case‑study of the coupled ocean-atmosphere response to an oceanic diurnal warm layer |
planetary boundary-layer height is an important physical quantity for weather forecasting models and atmosphere environment assessment. a method of simultaneously extracting the surface-layer height (slh), mixed-layer height (mlh), and aerosol optical properties, which include aerosol extinction coefficient (aec) and a... | simultaneous extraction of planetary boundary-layer height and aerosol optical properties from coherent doppler wind lidar |
obtaining accurate predictions of the neutral density in the thermosphere has been a long-standing problem. during geomagnetic storms the auroral heating in the polar ionospheres quickly raises the temperature of the thermosphere, resulting in higher neutral densities that exert a greater drag force on objects in low e... | high correlations between temperature and nitric oxide in the thermosphere |
the accuracy and precision of imet-xq (intermet inc., grand rapids, mi, usa) temperature measurements in ten different locations on an off-the shelf rotary-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (rw-uav) were assessed, as a function of atmospheric conditions. the rw-uav hovered near an instrumented south alabama mesonet tower. t... | assessing imet-xq performance and optimal placement on a small off-the-shelf, rotary-wing uav, as a function of atmospheric conditions |
the tibetan plateau plays a significant role in atmospheric circulation and the asian monsoon system. turbulent surface fluxes and the evolution of boundary-layer clouds to deep and moist convection provide a feedback system that modifies the plateau's surface energy balance on scales that are currently unresolved in m... | high-resolution modelling of interactions between soil moisture and convective development in a mountain enclosed tibetan basin |
the global/regional background co2 has been investigated extensively. however, the monitoring of co2 concentration remains sparse in the megacities of china. understanding the ambient co2 in urban areas and how it is influenced by meteorological conditions, anthropogenic emissions, and biogenic processes may shed light... | the climatology of ambient co2 concentrations from long-term observation in the pearl river delta region of china: roles of anthropogenic and biogenic processes |
cu2(ge x sn1- x )s3 (cgts) (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) powders were synthesized by mixing elemental powders and sequential heating in 5% h2s gas atmosphere. the crystal structures of cgts solid solution samples were refined by rietveld refinement of the powder x-ray diffraction data. cgts has a monoclinic crystal structure with a sp... | optical properties and electronic structures of cu2sns3, cu2ges3, and their solid solution cu2(ge,sn)s3 |
this study focuses on experimentally measuring temperature-dependent diffuse reflectance in the near- and mid-infrared spectra for ceramic particles with applications as heat-transfer and thermal-storage media in concentrated solar power (csp) plants. specifically, a commercially available sintered bauxite ceramic powd... | temperature-dependent diffuse reflectance measurements of ceramic powders in the near- and mid-infrared spectra |
the altitude- and latitude-dependent responses of neutral temperature in the lower thermosphere to the 2013 st. patrick's day geomagnetic storm have been studied using neutral temperature measurements from the sounding of the atmosphere using broadband emission radiometry (saber) instrument onboard the timed satellite ... | responses of lower thermospheric temperature to the 2013 st. patrick's day geomagnetic storm |
we found that a positive sea surface temperature (sst)-precipitation relationship in the western tropical pacific (wtp) during boreal spring, in which higher ssts are associated with higher precipitation, episodically weakens from the late 1990s to the early 2010s. during 1980-98, warm ssts induce positive precipitatio... | an episodic weakening in the boreal spring sst-precipitation relationship in the western tropical pacific since the late 1990s |
for designers, operators and users, the ability to accurately predict thermal behavior and trajectory of stratospheric airships is very important. thermal models and dynamic models of stratospheric airships during ascent are developed, including solar radiation, infrared radiation, convection heat transfer and gas expu... | prediction of thermal behavior and trajectory of stratospheric airships during ascent based on simulation |
titan has a diverse range of materials in its atmosphere and on its surface: the simple organics that reside in various phases (gas, liquid, and ice) and the solid complex refractory organics that form titan's haze layers. these materials all actively participate in various physical processes on titan, and many materia... | material properties of organic liquids, ices, and hazes on titan |
the role of charge exchange in shaping exoplanet photoevaporation remains a topic of contention. exchange of electrons between stellar wind protons from the exoplanet's host star and neutral hydrogen from the planet's wind has been proposed as a mechanism to create 'energetic neutral atoms' (enas), which could explain ... | effects of charge exchange on the evaporative wind of hd 209458b |
in this study, the national center for atmospheric research thermosphere ionosphere electrodynamic general circulation model is used to explore the physical mechanisms of the time delay of daytime thermospheric temperature response to the 27-day solar extreme ultraviolet (euv) flux variation. the contributions from dif... | a simulation study on the time delay of daytime thermospheric temperature response to the 27-day solar euv flux variation |
this experimental study explored the impacts of some codissolved inorganic ions (in particular, sulfate, nitrate and chloride) on the photo-bleaching kinetics of the aqueous solutions of brown carbon (brc) extracted from rice-straw smoldering aerosol. all the aqueous brc solutions showed two distinct phases of decreasi... | impacts of some co-dissolved inorganics on in-cloud photochemistry of aqueous brown carbon |
we analyzed two historical extreme heat events in los angeles to explore the potential of increasing vegetative cover and surface solar reflectance (albedo) to reduce total exposure (indoor and outdoor) to dangerously hot conditions. we focus on three population subgroups, the elderly, office workers, and outdoor worke... | potential overall heat exposure reduction associated with implementation of heat mitigation strategies in los angeles |
in recent decades, solar energy has emerged as the most promising renewable energy source and the best alternative to conventional energy due to its abundant availability, free, clean, no atmospheric hazards, eco-friendly, sustainable nature, and other factors. because of its wide temperature range (up to 400 °c), the ... | parabolic trough solar collector: a review on geometrical interpretation, mathematical model, and thermal performance augmentation |
western north pacific (wnp) is a key region for enso development and its effect on east asian summer monsoon. different from most other tropical oceanic areas, sea surface temperature (sst) and precipitation anomalies over the wnp are negatively correlated in boreal summer, indicating the ocean is mainly driven by the ... | boreal summer negative correlation relationship between interannual sst and precipitation anomalies in the tropical and subtropical western north pacific |
a method for calculating domain-average radiative flux profiles, called gaussian quadrature independent column approximation (gq-ica), is introduced and assessed using cloud properties retrieved from a-train satellite data. this method could be suitable for use in large-scale atmospheric models. like the monte carlo ic... | computation of domain-average radiative flux profiles using gaussian quadrature |
ionospheric conductivity plays an important role in the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling. the altitudinal distribution of pedersen conductivity gives us a rough idea about the altitudinal distribution of joule heating at high latitudes, which is of great significance regarding the response of upper atmosphere to geoma... | dependence of pedersen conductance in the e and f regions and their ratio on the solar and geomagnetic activities |
observations by the cloud imaging and particle size (cips) instrument on the aeronomy of ice in the mesosphere (aim) satellite have demonstrated the existence of polar mesospheric cloud (pmc) regions populated by particles whose mean sizes range between 60 and 100 nm (radii of equivalent volume spheres). it is known fr... | large ice particles associated with small ice water content observed by aim cips imagery of polar mesospheric clouds: evidence for microphysical coupling with small-scale dynamics |
in this paper, the experimental analysis of two types of corrugated plate solar collector (cpsc) using water as working fluid has been done. two similar designs and dimensions of cpsc but different materials of absorber plates have been investigated, the collector1 is copper and collector 2 is aluminium. the performanc... | energy and exergy analysis of corrugated plate solar collector by forced convection using two different absorber plate material |
to understand changes in land surface energy balance partitioning due to tropical deforestation, we use a physically based analytical formulation of the surface energy balance. turbulent heat fluxes are constrained by the thermodynamic maximum power limit and a formulation for diurnal heat redistribution within the lan... | effects of tropical deforestation on surface energy balance partitioning in southeastern amazonia estimated from maximum convective power |
in summertime along the u.s. west coast, the winds exhibit a three-stage cycle spanning ∼12 days. the prevailing upwelling-favorable winds weaken (relax) or reverse off the pacific northwest, then reintensify, then weaken off central california. we study the sea-surface temperature (sst) response to these "northern" an... | large-scale anomalies in sea-surface temperature and air-sea fluxes during wind relaxation events off the united states west coast in summer |
a zno/cds core-shell nanorod structure is studied for use as photoanode in photoelectrochemical cell for water splitting. the focus is to examine the effect of hydrogen and/or nitrogen doping of zno nanorods on its performance as photoanode. zno nanorods hydrothermally synthesized on ito glass substrate are heat-treate... | h2- and nh3-treated zno nanorods sensitized with cds for photoanode enhanced in photoelectrochemical performance |
alfvén waves have been proposed as an important mechanism for the heating of the sun’s outer atmosphere and the acceleration of solar wind, but they are generally believed to have no significant impact on the earth’s upper atmosphere under quiet geomagnetic conditions due to their highly fluctuating nature of interplan... | alfvén waves as a solar-interplanetary driver of the thermospheric disturbances |
from estimates of the near-surface heat capacity of planets it is shown that the thermal timescale is larger than the orbital period in the presence of a global ocean that is well-mixed to a depth of 100 m, or of an atmosphere with a pressure of several tens of bars. as a consequence, the temperature fluctuations of su... | the equilibrium temperature of planets on eccentric orbits: time scales and averages |
lidar measurements at 355, 532, and 1064 nm have been performed at lecce (40.3°n, 18.1°e), in south-eastern italy, to investigate for the first time the impact of the 20 march 2015 solar eclipse on both the planetary boundary layer (pbl) height and the aerosol optical and microphysical properties along the whole aeroso... | atmospheric response to the 20 march 2015 solar eclipse along the whole aerosol column by lidar measurements |
the clouds' macro-, microphysical vertical structures and radiative effects in 4 shear-relative quadrants of typhoon over the northwest pacific during development, maturity and extinction stages are studied based on cloudsat tropical cyclone dataset and china meteorological administration tropical cyclone dataset from ... | asymmetry of cloud vertical structures and associated radiative effects in typhoon over the northwest pacific based on cloudsat tropical cyclone dataset |
high-resolution uv and x-ray spectroscopy are important to understanding the origin and evolution of magnetic energy release in the solar atmosphere, as well as the subsequent evolution of heated plasma and accelerated particles. electromagnetic radiation is observed from plasma heated to temperatures ranging from abou... | scientific considerations for future spectroscopic measurements from space of activity on the sun |
aside from perovskite crystallization effectuation, the hole transport layer (htl) acting a significant role in regulating charge transportation for inverted perovskite solar cells (pscs). herein, we show effective p-i-n pscs based on solid solution-coating kesterite cu2znsns4 (czts) by one-step heating as htl in an ai... | influence of nitrogen atmosphere one-step heating assisted the solution processing of kesterite cu2znsns4 as hole extraction on the efficacy of the inverted perovskite solar cells |
in any space mission, maintaining subsystems temperature within the allowed limits is a difficult challenge. parts exposed to the sun need to be cooled because temperatures rise extremely high, while parts not directly exposed to the sun need to be heated, because temperatures can drop dramatically. the vacuum does not... | the thermal control system of nasa's curiosity rover: a case study |
cu2znsns4 (czts) is a promising material for solar cells because all its constituents are earth-abundant elements, and its light absorption coefficient is ~100 times higher than that of si. czts is generally formed by precursor formation followed by heat treatment at 400 °c-600 °c. in this work, a novel czts formation ... | czts polycrystal formation by laser annealing and demonstration of solar cell fabrication |
increasing warming of steadily shrinking dead sea surface water compensates for surface water cooling (due to increasing evaporation) and even causes observed positive dead sea sea surface temperature trends. this warming is caused by two factors: increasing daytime heat flow from land to sea (as a result of the steady... | observations of positive sea surface temperature trends in the steadily shrinking dead sea |
the supersoft x-ray and optical transient asassn-16oh has been interpreted by maccarone et al. as having been induced by an accretion event on a massive white dwarf (wd), resembling a dwarf nova super-outburst. these authors argued that the supersoft x-ray spectrum had a different origin than in an atmosphere heated by... | the supersoft x-ray transient asassn-16oh as a thermonuclear runaway without mass ejection |
the ocean surface albedo is responsible for the distribution of solar (shortwave) radiant energy between the atmosphere and ocean and therefore is a key parameter in earth's surface energy budget. in situ ocean observations typically do not measure upward reflected solar radiation, which is necessary to compute net sol... | uncertainty in net surface heat flux due to differences in commonly used albedo products |
during winters, the absence of solar radiation combined with clear skies and weak synoptic forcing enables cold pooling in the complex topographic basins of interior alaska. under these conditions, shallow, small-scale cold flows originating within, or flowing from, north-facing semi-enclosed basins are able to penetra... | occurrence of shallow cold flows in the winter atmospheric boundary layer of interior of alaska |
increased use of prescribed fire by land managers and the increasing likelihood of wildfires due to climate change require an improved modeling capability of extreme heating of soils during fires. this issue is addressed here by developing and testing the soil (heat-moisture-vapor) hmv-model, a 1-d (one-dimensional) no... | a non-equilibrium model for soil heating and moisture transport during extreme surface heating: the soil (heat-moisture-vapor) hmv-model version 1 |
default aerosol extinction coefficient profiles are commonly used instead of measured profiles in radiative transfer modeling, increasing the uncertainties in the simulations. the present study aimed to determine the magnitude of these uncertainties and contribute towards the understanding of the complex interactions b... | effect of aerosol vertical distribution on the modeling of solar radiation |
this study presents a numerical simulation assessing the effect of dynamical ocean-atmosphere coupling on the structure of the marine atmospheric boundary layer over the southern north sea. using a high-resolution regional coupled ocean-atmosphere prediction system, with a coupling frequency of 1 h, a diurnal variation... | impact of sea surface temperature on stratiform cloud formation over the north sea |
energetic oxygen and sulfur ion precipitation into the atmosphere of jupiter is thought to produce an x-ray aurora as well as to contribute to ionization, heating, and dissociation of the molecules of the atmosphere. at high energy, stripping of electrons from these ions by atmospheric gas molecules results in the prod... | ionization of molecular hydrogen and stripping of oxygen atoms and ions in collisions of oq++h2 (q = 0- 8): data for secondary electron production from ion precipitation at jupiter |
density-driven circulation in titan's seas forced by solar heating and methane evaporation/precipitation is simulated by an ocean circulation model. if the sea is transparent to sunlight, solar heating can induce anti-clockwise gyres near the sea surface and clockwise gyres near the sea bottom. the gyres are in geostro... | sun-stirred kraken mare: circulation in titan's seas induced by solar heating and methane precipitation |
the interaction between a magnetic field and plasma close to a nonconductive surface is of interest for both science and technology. in space, crustal magnetic fields on celestial bodies without atmosphere can interact with the solar wind. in advanced technologies such as those used in fusion or spaceflight, magnetic f... | analysis of magnetic field plasma interactions using microparticles as probes |
solar wind high-speed streams (hsss) are the most important source of geomagnetic disturbances during the declining phase of the solar cycle. their ionospheric response, especially at high latitudes, is not fully understood yet. we carried out a phase-locked superposed epoch analysis to study the effects of hsss on the... | effects of solar wind high-speed streams on the high-latitude ionosphere: superposed epoch study |
rotary kilns are very robust and versatile reactors and can be used on solar towers to perform high-temperature endothermic thermal decomposition reactions of solid materials with the aid of concentrated solar irradiation. their easy functioning system allows flexibility with respect to a wide range of operating condit... | solar rotary kiln for continuous treatment of particle material: chemical experiments from micro to milli meter particle size |
solar balloons are a promising platform for providing multi-hour flights in and above the upper cloud layer of venus. the temperature and pressure profiles from 55-75 km above the surface of venus are very similar to earth's from sea level to approximately 30 km, the site of numerous terrestrial solar balloon missions.... | long duration flights in venus' atmosphere using passive solar hot air balloons |
solar radiation is free, and very useful input for most sectors such as heat, health, tourism, agriculture, and energy production, and it plays a critical role in the sustainability of biological, and chemical processes in nature. in this framework, the knowledge of solar radiation data or estimating it as accurately a... | a state of art review on estimation of solar radiation with various models |
the seminal work of lorenz on global atmospheric energetics has allowed understanding much on the physical processes responsible for the general circulation, its maintenance and the development of synoptic-scale weather systems. in mid-latitudes, potential energy generated by the differential heating of the planet by t... | limited-area atmospheric energetics: illustration on a simulation of the crcm5 over eastern north america for december 2004 |
heat wave is serious natural disaster that can harm human health and affect social economy, transportation and ecological environment. this paper investigates the long term trends of high temperature events in three major cities (beijing, tianjin and shijiazhuang) of northern china during 1970–2019, and quantifies the ... | characteristics and main influence factors of heat waves in beijing–tianjin–shijiazhuang cities of northern china in recent 50 years |
globally installed solar photovoltaics (pv) capacity has crossed three hundred gigawatts and is increasing each year. as the share of solar pv in the energy mix of a country increases, forecasting pv power available will be crucial. to forecast the instantaneous and long-term pv power output, understanding the factors ... | an updated review on factors and their inter-linked influences on photovoltaic system performance |
periodic oscillations associated with alfven waves with periods ranging from several tens of minutes to several hours are commonly seen in the solar wind. it is not yet known how the solar wind oscillation frequency, and thus its temporal variation, regulates the energy flow through the coupled solar wind-magnetosphere... | temporal variation of solar wind in controlling solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere energy budget |
to investigate the pure long-term influence of single mega volcanic eruption (smve) of universal significance on arctic temperature changes in summer and winter, the samalas eruption in indonesia which is the largest eruption over the past millennium is selected as an ideal eruption for simulation study based on commun... | seasonal changes in arctic cooling after single mega volcanic eruption |
in this work, we report the fabrication and characterization of large area micro-/nano-textured silicon surfaces using laser pulses of nanoseconds duration. an area of 6 × 6 mm 2 has been textured by the parallel line scanning method to create hierarchical structures, consisting of microscale channels and self-organize... | fabrication of durable superhydrophilic silicon surfaces using nanosecond laser pulses |
thermal heat transfers, including solar and infrared radiation in cities, are key processes for studying urban heat islands, outdoor human thermal comfort, energy consumption, and production. thus, accurate radiative transfer models are required to compute the solar and infrared fluxes in complex urban geometry account... | model of spectral and directional radiative transfer in complex urban canopies with participating atmospheres |
as an internal forcing of the earth climate system, soil moisture (sm) significantly influences the water and energy cycle by controlling evapotranspiration and terrestrial solar energy. the current study used observed precipitation, remotely sensed sm, and reanalysis of atmosphere and land parameters to assess the eas... | soil moisture-constrained east asian monsoon meridional patterns over china from observations |
the solar photosphere provides us with a laboratory for understanding turbulence in a layer where the fundamental processes of transport vary rapidly and a strongly superadiabatic region lies very closely to a subadiabatic layer. our tools for probing the turbulence are high-resolution spectropolarimetric observations ... | power spectrum of turbulent convection in the solar photosphere |
results of a study of the influence of solar-type host stars superflares on the gas dynamics of the extended envelopes of giant exoplanets are presented. during flare events, the radiation intensity of the host star in the extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray can increase by several orders of magnitude for a short time, ... | the influence of superflares of host stars on the dynamics of the envelopes of hot jupiters |
aims: we study the emergence of a non-twisted flux tube from the solar interior into the solar atmosphere. we investigate whether the length of the buoyant part of the flux tube (i.e. λ) affects the emergence of the field and the dynamics of the evolving magnetic flux system.methods: we perform three-dimensional (3d), ... | emergence of non-twisted magnetic fields in the sun: jets and atmospheric response |
we investigate the response of stratospheric water vapor (swv) to different forcing agents within the precipitation driver and response model intercomparison project (pdrmip) framework. for each model and forcing agent, we break down the swv response into a slow response, which is coupled to surface temperature changes... | the response of stratospheric water vapor to climate change driven by different forcing agents |
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