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hydrophobic organic fluoropolymers (hofps) with excellent hydrophobic, heat-resistant, and sunlight-transparent properties were synthesized by emulsion polymerization. the hofp layer was inserted between a (fama)pb(ibr)3 active layer and a hole transport layer in perovskite solar cells (pscs). the performance of the re... | enhanced stability of perovskite solar cells using hydrophobic organic fluoropolymer |
evapotranspiration (et) is a relevant component of the surface moisture budget and is associated with different drivers. the interrelated drivers cause variations at daily to interannual timescales. this study uses structural equation modeling to diagnose the drivers over an ensemble of 45 high-latitude sites, each of ... | diagnosis of atmospheric drivers of high-latitude evapotranspiration using structural equation modeling |
the radiative energy budget in the arctic undergoes a rapid transformation compared with global mean changes. understanding the role of cirrus clouds in this system is vital, as they interact with short- and long-wave radiation, and the presence of cirrus can be decisive as to a net gain or loss of radiative energy in ... | investigating the radiative effect of arctic cirrus measured in situ during the winter 2015-2016 |
a large-scale nuclear war could inject massive amounts of soot into the stratosphere, triggering rapid global climate change. in climate model simulations of nuclear war, global cooling contributes to an expansion of sea ice in the northern hemisphere. however, in the southern hemisphere (sh), an initial expansion of s... | sudden reduction of antarctic sea ice despite cooling after nuclear war |
diminishing fossil fuel resources and increasing atmospheric greenhouse gases present a compelling case for transitioning to a sustainable economy where all human needs can be met by using abundant solar energy. in this paper, we introduce "hydricity," a paradigm that proposes synergistic coproduction of solar thermal ... | round-the-clock power supply and a sustainable economy via synergistic integration of solar thermal power and hydrogen processes |
in this study, we aimed to investigate the photodiode properties of the chalcone substituted-phthalocyanine complex due to the important physical properties of the phthalocyanine and chalcone compounds. for this purpose, in the first step, a heterocyclic chalcone compound (hc) bearing a pyridine and hydroxyl group was ... | synthesis and photodiode properties of chalcone substituted metallo-phthalocyanine |
homogeneous element distribution of absorber, as well as high crystallinity, is very critical for the highly efficient cu2znsns4 (czts) thin-film solar cell. however, it is more difficult to prepare high quality czts absorber layer by post sulfurization of sputtered metallic stack precursors. herein, we report a simple... | improving the efficiency of cu2znsns4 solar cells by promoting the homogeneous distribution of sn element |
in this paper, a new design of a solar tower system boosted with a thermoelectric generator (teg) for power generation and distilled water production, is proposed and investigated. the suggested system includes a solar tower unit with atmospheric air as heat transfer fluid, a helium brayton cycle, two organic rankin cy... | a new design of solar tower system amplified with a thermoelectric unit to produce distilled water and power |
electron density profiles from the ionosphere of mars that were obtained by the mariner 9 radio occultation experiment in 1971-1972 have unique scientific value because they extend to higher altitudes than comparable datasets and were acquired during a tremendous dust storm that had substantial and poorly understood ef... | recovery and validation of mars ionospheric electron density profiles from mariner 9 |
this paper uses the sunspot number (ssn) index and the el niño modoki index (emi) to examine the possible modulation of el niño modoki events by variations in solar activity. a significant positive correlation was found between ssn and emi with a lag of two years, and both ssn and emi have an obvious period of about 11... | modulations of solar activity on el niño modoki and possible mechanisms |
martian subsolar electron temperatures obtained below 250 km are examined using data obtained by instruments on the mars atmosphere evolution mission (maven) during the three subsolar deep dip campaigns and a one-dimensional fluid model. this analysis was done because of the uncertainty in maven low electron temperatur... | subsolar electron temperatures in the lower martian ionosphere |
icy surfaces behave differently to rocky or regolith-covered surfaces in response to irradiation. a key factor is the ability of visible light to penetrate partially into the subsurface. this results in the solid-state greenhouse effect, as ices can be transparent or translucent to visible and shorter wavelengths, whil... | the penetration of solar radiation into carbon dioxide ice |
cu2fesns4 (cfts) was synthesized by direct fusion of high-purity elemental copper, iron, tin and sulfur. cfts thin films were deposited on glass substrates heated by single source vacuum thermal evaporation, after which the obtained samples were annealed under a sulfur atmosphere in a sealed quartz tube at 400°c for 1 ... | growth and characterization of the evaporated quaternary absorber cu2fesns4 for solar cell applications |
excitation and propagation of waves in a thermally stratified disk with an arbitrary vertical temperature profile are studied. previous analytical studies of three-dimensional waves had been focused on either isothermal or polytropic vertical disk structures. however, at the location in a protoplanetary disk where the ... | the effect of vertical temperature gradient on the propagation of three-dimensional waves in a protoplanetary disk |
early in the moon's history volcanic outgassing may have produced a periodic millibar level atmosphere (needham and kring 2017). we examined the relevant atmospheric escape processes and lifetime of such an atmosphere. thermal escape rates were calculated as a function of atmospheric mass for a range of temperatures in... | lifetime of a transient atmosphere produced by lunar volcanism |
in this study, we examine the driving mechanism for the atmospheric overturning circulation on dry, tidally locked rocky planets without the condensation of water vapor or other species. we find that the main driving process is the radiative cooling of co2 (or other noncondensable greenhouse gases) rather than co2 gree... | atmospheric overturning circulation on dry, tidally locked rocky planets is mainly driven by radiative cooling |
protoplanets growing within the protoplanetary disk by pebble accretion acquire hydrostatic gas envelopes. due to accretion heating, the temperature in these envelopes can become high enough to sublimate refractory minerals which are the major components of the accreted pebbles. here we study the sublimation of differe... | sublimation of refractory minerals in the gas envelopes of accreting rocky planets |
the ionospheric electron temperature is important for determining the neutral/photochemical escape rate from the martian atmosphere via the dissociative recombination of o2+. the langmuir probe and waves instrument onboard maven (mars atmosphere and volatile evolution) measures electron temperatures in the ionosphere. ... | low electron temperatures observed at mars by maven on dayside crustal magnetic field lines |
penetration of visible solar radiation (vsr) drives heating and phytoplankton photosynthesis in the upper water column; thus, it is always important to accurately describe the vertical distribution of vsr in the oceans. before the invention and application of modern optical-electronic instruments to measure the vertica... | estimating the transmittance of visible solar radiation in the upper ocean using secchi disk observations |
io is one of the best natural laboratories in the solar system to study the intertwined processes of tidal heating, extreme volcanism, and atmospheric–magnetosphere–surface interactions. while substantial advances can be made with forthcoming ground- and space-based observatories, many outstanding questions can only be... | perspective: the future exploration of io |
sea surface temperature (sst) in the southern ocean plays an important role in air-sea interactions, forcing atmospheric variability. using various observational and reanalysis data sets, we show that the sst cooling trend in the southern ocean (50°s-70°s) continues (∼0.3°c from 1982 to 2020). the largest sst cooling t... | understanding sea surface temperature cooling in the central-east pacific sector of the southern ocean during 1982-2020 |
over the midlatitude northwest pacific ocean, summer fog frequents the kuroshio-oyashio front as a result of the warm advection by the prevailing southerly to southwesterly winds, and stratus clouds are prevalent downstream of the fog regime in the subpolar northwest pacific. the present study tracks a boundary layer a... | transition from fog to stratus over the northwest pacific ocean: large-eddy simulation |
the impurity level of cast silicon ingots for photovoltaic application has become more and more crucial over the last years with respect to the competitiveness to the high quality monocrystalline czochralski material. typical contaminants diffusing into the silicon melt and ingot during the casting process are metals, ... | impact of silicon feedstock contamination by gas phase diffusion on material quality of cast silicon ingots |
te rich cdte thin films for absorber layer in cds/cdte solar cell were fabricated by the closed space sublimation method. te enriched cdte source materials with different te rich contents were prepared before the deposition process of thin film. the properties of te rich cdte thin film were studied on the basis of the ... | the effect of te-doping and heat treatment on the structural properties of cdte absorber layer for cds/cdte solar cell |
photovoltaic solar cells are designed to efficiently absorb solar photons but convert only a limited proportion of them into electricity. under real operating conditions, the remaining energy causes solar modules to heat up to 50-60 °c, which is detrimental to their power conversion efficiency and lifetime. in recent y... | radiative sky cooling of silicon solar modules: evaluating the broadband effectiveness of photonic structures |
the objective of this research is to assess and analyze the biometeorological perception in complex microenvironments in the athens university campus (auc) using urban micromodels, such as rayman. the human thermal sensation in such a place was considered of great significance due to the great gathering of student body... | modeling and in situ measurements of biometeorological conditions in microenvironments within the athens university campus, greece |
observations of solar flares with sunquakes by space- and ground-based instruments reveal essentially different dynamics of seismic events in different flares. some sunquakes are found to be closely associated with the locations of hard x-ray (hxr) and white-light (wl) emission, while others are located outside either ... | on the generation of hydrodynamic shocks by mixed beams and occurrence of sunquakes in flares |
sea ice plays a critical role in the earth's climate system, including influencing ocean heat uptake, reflecting solar radiation, and contributing to dense water formation. instrumental records of polar sea ice extent are only available since 1979, however. the short length of such records also limits our knowledge of ... | marine aerosol records of arctic sea-ice and polynya variability from new ellesmere and devon island firn cores, nunavut, canada |
rainfall in the tropics exhibits a large, 12 h sun-synchronous variation with coherent phase around the globe. a long-standing, but unproved, hypothesis for this phenomenon is excitation by the prominent 12 h atmospheric tide, which itself is significantly forced remotely by solar heating of the stratospheric ozone lay... | is there a stratospheric pacemaker controlling the daily cycle of tropical rainfall? |
modelling horizontal ground loops for a horizontal ground source heat pump (hgshp) system is complex and computationally expensive. the computation precision is highly reliant on the prescription of an undisturbed ground temperature in the unsaturated ground as well as realistic and accurate atmospheric processes at th... | improving computational efficiency of numerical modelling of horizontal ground source heat pump systems for accommodating complex and realistic atmospheric processes |
we consider the results of simulating the smoke aerosol radiative forcing (arf) at the top and bottom of the atmosphere depending on the photochemical evolution of its organic component, illumination conditions, and underlying surface types (water, mixed forest, and snow/ice). at the top of the atmosphere, an increase ... | radiative forcing of smoke aerosol taking into account the photochemical evolution of its organic component: impact of illumination conditions and surface albedo |
alpine headwaters in subarctic regions are particularly sensitive to climate change, yet there is little information on stream thermal regimes in these areas and how they might respond to global warming. in this paper, we characterize and compare the hydrological and thermal regimes of two subarctic headwater alpine st... | characterization of contrasting flow and thermal regimes in two adjacent subarctic alpine headwaters in northwest canada |
for the radiative impact of individual climate forcings, most previous studies focused on the global mean values at the top of the atmosphere (toa), and less attention has been paid to surface processes, especially for black carbon (bc) aerosols. in this study, the surface radiative responses to five different forcing ... | distinct surface response to black carbon aerosols |
energy demand has increased due to the development of industrialization and urbanization. as a result, renewable energy sources satisfy the energy demand of human, social and economic development since fossil fuels are limited in natural resources and causing global warming in the environment. in current scenarios, sci... | a review on solar photovoltaic systems and its application in electricity generation |
the atmosphere is the thin, diffuse fluid that envelops the earth's surface. despite its apparent fragility, the existence of this fluid is vital for human and other life on earth. the atmosphere: a very short introduction describes the physical and chemical characteristics of different layers in the atmosphere, and sh... | the atmosphere: a very short introduction |
the planet formation imager (pfi) project has formed a technical working group (twg) to explore possible facility architectures to meet the primary pfi science goal of imaging planet formation in situ in nearby starforming regions. the goals of being sensitive to dust emission on solar system scales and resolving the h... | architecture design study and technology road map for the planet formation imager (pfi) |
mesospheric rotational temperatures from o2(0-1) and oh(6-2) band nightglow emissions that originate from 94 and 87 km altitudes, respectively, were obtained from a low-latitude location, mount abu (24.6°n, 72.8°e), in india using a high spectral resolution grating spectrograph, which showed significant enhancements du... | on the latitudinal distribution of mesospheric temperatures during sudden stratospheric warming events |
we investigate martian ultralow frequency (ulf) electromagnetic waves generated by local plasma instabilities below the martian bow shock. recent mars atmosphere and volatile evolution (maven) observations have shown that ulf waves generated upstream of the martian bow shock can propagate down to the upper ionosphere, ... | locally generated ulf waves in the martian magnetosphere: maven observations |
volatile-rich impacts on nominally airless solar system bodies such as the moon can give rise to collisional, transient atmospheres, traces of which may be preserved at cold, permanently shadowed regions near the lunar poles. understanding the physical mechanisms that influence gas dynamics and volatile transport in an... | coupled dsmc-monte carlo radiative transfer modeling of gas dynamics in a transient impact-generated lunar atmosphere |
in this study, 1-month continuous radiosonde observational data were applied to present the low-altitude vertical structures and their evolutions over the central taklimakan desert (ctd). the primary focus is to highlight the vertical structures near the ground with the high-resolution (10 m in height and 6 hr in time)... | an investigation into the vertical structures of low-altitude atmosphere over the central taklimakan desert in summer |
as the climate warms, the impact of drought on plants has increased. we aimed to construct a comprehensive drought index (cdi), coupling soil-vegetation-atmosphere drought and heat conditions based on multi-source information, and to combine it with static and dynamic drought hazard evaluation models to analyze the spa... | dynamic evaluation of agricultural drought hazard in northeast china based on coupled multi-source data |
the south american low-level jet (sallj) is a narrow northerly wind speed maximum present just above the boundary layer. it is an important component of the tropical-extratropical heat and moisture exchange in south america and can favour deep moist convection in southeastern south america. the main objective of this s... | observational study of the south american low-level jet during the salljex |
iodine (i) and xenon (xe) are two key elements that trace earth's differentiation (e.g. atmosphere formation) and dynamics (e.g. volcanism and recycling at subduction zones). iodine and xe abundances are linked through the decay of the extinct 129i that produced 129xe, which is today depleted in the earth's atmosphere ... | xenon and iodine behaviour in magmas |
the turbulent fluxes across the ocean/atmosphere interface represent one of the principal driving forces of the global atmospheric and oceanic circulation. despite decades of effort and improvements, representation of these fluxes still presents a challenge due to the small-scale acting turbulent processes compared to ... | impact of air-sea drag coefficient for latent heat flux on large scale climate in coupled and atmosphere stand-alone simulations |
photoelectrons are an important population of the dayside martian upper atmosphere that contributes substantially to the local ionization and heat balances. this study is focused on the broad shape of the photoelectron energy spectrum at 10-50 ev. assuming a power law distribution, we derive the hardness of each photoe... | on the hardness of the photoelectron energy spectrum near mars |
as one of the most violent activities in the solar atmosphere, white-light flares (wlfs) are generally known for their enhanced white-light (or continuum) emission, which primarily originates in the solar lower atmosphere. however, we know little about how white-light emission is produced. in this study, we aim to inve... | radiative hydrodynamic simulations of the spectral characteristics of solar white-light flares |
short lead-time forecasts using the operational united kingdom variable-resolution (ukv) configuration of the met office's numerical weather prediction model, with horizontal grid-length 1.5 km over the uk, with and without a representation of the 20 march 2015 eclipse, have been used to simulate the impact of the ecli... | numerical simulations of the impact of the 20 march 2015 eclipse on uk weather |
mid-missouri experienced up to 2 min 40 s of totality at around solar noon during the total eclipse of 2017. we conducted the mid-missouri eclipse meteorology experiment to examine land-atmosphere interactions during the eclipse. here, research examining the eclipse responses in three contrasting ecosystems (forest, pr... | land-atmosphere responses to a total solar eclipse in three ecosystems with contrasting structure and physiology |
the replacement of traditional cds with zinc magnesium oxide (zmo) has been demonstrated as being helpful to boost power conversion efficiency of cadmium telluride (cdte) solar cells to over 18%, due to the reduced interface recombination and parasitic light absorption by the buffer layer. however, due to the atmospher... | cuscn as the back contact for efficient zmo/cdte solar cells |
dispatchability of renewable solar energy can be realized by integrating thermal energy storage units. in concentrating solar power plants the use of sensible heat storage based on molten nitrate salts, typically solar salt (na,k//no3), has proven most beneficial in the last decade. however, a crucial parameter that af... | influence of different atmospheres on molten salt chemistry and its effect on steel corrosion |
an observation-based parameterization of thermal roughness length (trp) for bare ground has been implemented in the weather research and forecasting model. this scheme introduces a temperature scale to account for the impact of atmospheric stability. the effect of the trp scheme is evaluated by comparing simulations wi... | the influence of bare ground thermal roughness length parameterization on the simulation of near-surface air and skin temperatures over the tibetan plateau |
shortwave irradiance biases due to two- and four-stream approximations have been studied for the last couple of decades, but biases in estimating earth's radiation budget have not been examined in earlier studies. to quantify biases in diurnally averaged irradiances, we integrate the two- and four-stream biases using r... | examining biases in diurnally integrated shortwave irradiances due to two- and four-stream approximations in a cloudy atmosphere |
this study intends to develop methodologies that use high resolution satellite data from landsat 8 (operational land imager) oli and (thermal infrared sensor) tirs sensors for characterizing spatial and temporal changes in physical and acoustical properties of coastal lagoon and estuarine waters. it employs multiple st... | use of landsat 8 data for characterizing dynamic changes in physical and acoustical properties of coastal lagoon and estuarine waters |
greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere have had devastating environmental effects, including ozone depletion and global warming. carbon dioxide (co2) is widely used in oil and gas plants, the food industry, and as a working fluid in the power industry. carbon dioxide is liquefied for long‑term storage, to be tran... | development of a new co2 liquefaction system using the linde–hampson process, kalina power generation unit, and flat plate solar collectors with al2o3/h2o nanofluid |
absorbing aerosols like smoke heat the atmosphere by absorbing solar radiation, and such heating is enhanced when aerosols are above liquid clouds. to reduce uncertainty in estimates of the aerosol radiative forcing, it is desirable to characterize the size, index of refraction, optical depth, and altitude of smoke aer... | a pilot study of shortwave spectral fingerprints of smoke aerosols above liquid clouds |
the aerosol-radiation-meteorology feedback loop is the process by which aerosols interact with solar radiation to influence boundary layer meteorology. through this feedback, aerosols cause cooling of the surface, resulting in reduced buoyant turbulence, enhanced atmospheric stratification and suppressed boundary layer... | using a coupled large-eddy simulation-aerosol radiation model to investigate urban haze: sensitivity to aerosol loading and meteorological conditions |
heating by the central star is one of the key factors determining the physical structure of protoplanetary disks. due to a large radial optical thickness, the equatorial regions of the disk are heated by infrared radiation from the disk surface (atmosphere), which in turn is heated by the direct radiation from the star... | simulation of thermal surface waves in a protoplanetary disk in 1+1d approximation |
after its formation, jupiter was substantially more luminous than it is at the present day (104 times). right after formation, the inner satellites io and europa would have received an order-of-magnitude larger incoming flux from jupiter, than solar insolation. however, little work has been done to examine the impact t... | jupiter's early luminosity may have driven off io's initial water inventory |
understanding the causes and mechanisms of large explosions, especially dust explosions, is essential for minimising devastating hazards in many industrial processes. it is known that unconfined dust explosions begin as primary (turbulent) deflagrations followed by a devastating secondary explosion. the secondary explo... | multipoint radiation induced ignition of dust explosions: turbulent clustering of particles and increased transparency |
we present simultaneous observations of magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere coupling over svalbard during a traveling convection vortex (tcv) event. various spaceborne and ground-based instruments made coordinated measurements, including magnetometers, particle detectors, an all-sky camera, european incoherent scatte... | simultaneous observations of traveling convection vortices: ionosphere-thermosphere coupling |
photoelectrons, the fast electrons produced in the photoionization of planetary atmospheres, drive transformations in the atmospheric gas that are often inhibited by energy considerations for thermal electrons. the transformations include excitation and ionization of atoms and molecules, which affect the detectability ... | an efficient monte carlo model for the slowing down of photoelectrons. application to h- α in exoplanet atmospheres |
with advance of supercomputers we can now afford simulations with very large range of scales. in astrophysical applications, e.g. simulating solar, stellar and planetary atmospheres, physical quantities, like gas pressure, density, temperature and plasma $\beta$ can vary by orders of magnitude. this requires a robust s... | dispatch methods: an approximate, entropy-based riemann solver for ideal magnetohydrodynamics |
molten salts are widely used as thermal energy storage media in the concentrating solar power (csp) technologies. the melting point and the thermal stability of the salt determine the applicable temperature range of the storage system. the focus of this paper is to evaluate the effect of different gas atmospheres on th... | high-temperature stability of nitrate/nitrite molten salt mixtures under different atmospheres |
the δ-eddington simulations of broadband shortwave net radiation fluxes at the top of the atmosphere (ftoa) and the surface (fsurf) are evaluated with different parameterizations of the forward fraction of scattering (f), including the square of the asymmetry factor (f = g2), the fraction of the forward single-scattere... | improved δ-eddington approximation for optically thin clouds |
reanalysis data and a numerical model are employed to explore how diffusion in the upper ocean evolves in different seasons and to understand its contribution to seasonal heat storage (shs) and arctic amplification. the numerical simulation results are closely consistent with observations. first, arctic solar radiation... | role of vertical mixing in the upper ocean in the seasonal variation of arctic amplification |
the weather layers of the gas giant planets, jupiter and saturn, comprise the shallow atmospheric layers that are influenced energetically by a combination of incoming solar radiation and localised latent heating of condensates, as well as by upwelling heat from their planetary interiors. they are also the most accessi... | the turbulent dynamics of jupiter's and saturn's weather layers: order out of chaos? |
the design of an advanced net flux radiometer (nfr), for inclusion as a payload on a future ice giants probe mission, is given. the ice giants nfr (ig-nfr) will measure the upward and downward radiation flux (hence net radiation flux), in seven spectral bands, spanning the range from solar to far infra-red wavelengths,... | advanced net flux radiometer for the ice giants |
aerosol optical and radiative properties, measured with the ground based sun-sky radiometer (under aeronet), were explored at kanpur in the central and gandhi college (ballia) in the eastern indo-gangetic plain (igp) in northern india during january to july 2019 (non-lockdown) and 2020 (lockdown). this year 2020 is mar... | impact of covid-19 lockdown on aerosol optical and radiative properties over indo-gangetic plain |
we analyze the energy budget of the ionosphere-thermosphere (it) system during two high-speed streams (hsss) on 22-31 january, 2007 (in the descending phase of solar cycle 23) and 25 april-2 may, 2011 (in the ascending phase of solar cycle 24) to understand typical features, similarities, and differences in magnetosphe... | estimation of energy budget of ionosphere-thermosphere system during two cir-hss events: observations and modeling |
the online weather research and forecasting model coupled with chemistry (wrf-chem) is used to simulate the effects of albedo enhancement on aerosol, radiation, and cloud interactions in the greater montreal area during the 2011 heat wave period. we used a 2-way nested approach to capture the full impacts of meteorolog... | effects of increasing surface reflectivity on aerosol, radiation, and cloud interactions in the urban atmosphere |
the climatic effects of aerosols on the precipitation over the amazon during the dry to wet transition period have been investigated using an atmospheric general circulation model, ncep/agcm, and the aerosol climatology data. we found increased instability during the dry season and delayed wet season onset with aerosol... | a gcm investigation of impact of aerosols on the precipitation in amazon during the dry to wet transition |
temperature profiles of the lower atmosphere (<3 km) over complex urban areas are related to health risks, including heat stress and respiratory illness. this complexity leads to uncertainty in numerical simulations, and many studies call for more observations of the lower atmosphere over cities. using 20 years of o... | morning transition of the boundary layer over dallas-fort worth |
although nickel-based counter electrodes display good catalytic properties in dye-sensitized solar cells (dsscs), there are challenges to achieve efficient activity for practical device. except that, vacancy can effectively regulate electrocatalytic efficiency for the catalytic reactions, which take place on the surfac... | hollow nise2 nanospheres grown on graphene with unconventional dual-vacancies in dye-sensitized solar cells |
three-dimensional numerical simulations were performed to evaluate potential southwestern u.s. dust indirect microphysical and direct radiative impacts on a real severe storms outbreak. increased solar absorption within the dust plume led to modest increases in pre-storm atmospheric stability at low levels, resulting i... | simulating southwestern u.s. desert dust influences on supercell thunderstorms |
the structural, optical, and electrical properties of p-type cu2sns3 thin films produced by the deposition of a dimethylsulfoxide-based sol gel solution using the centrifugation on substrates with subsequent heat treatment of the layers formed have been studied. the conditions of formation of the films using low-temper... | structural, optical, and electrical properties of cu2sns3 thin films produced by sol gel method |
loops are one of the fundamental structures that trace the geometry of the magnetic field in the solar atmosphere. their evolution and dynamics provide a crucial proxy for studying how the magnetized structures are formed and heated in the solar atmosphere. here, we report on spectroscopic observations of a set of tran... | transition region loops in the very late phase of flux emergence in iris sit-and-stare observations |
large-eddy simulation is used to examine the afternoon and early evening transition of the atmospheric boundary layer (abl) over heterogeneous surfaces with respect to the decay of the turbulence kinetic energy (tke). the heterogeneous surface sensible heat flux is prescribed based on the inverse transform of the fouri... | effects of mesoscale surface heterogeneity on the afternoon and early evening transition of the atmospheric boundary layer |
we employ the marswrf general circulation model (gcm) to test the predictions of a new physical hypothesis: a weak coupling of the orbital and rotational angular momenta of extended bodies is predicted to give rise to cycles of intensification and relaxation of circulatory flows within atmospheres. the dynamical core o... | numerical modeling of orbit-spin coupling accelerations in a mars general circulation model: implications for global dust storm activity |
in this second paper of the series on internal gravity waves (igws), we present a study of the generation and propagation of igws in a model solar atmosphere with diverse magnetic conditions. a magnetic field-free and three magnetic models that start with an initial, vertical, homogeneous field of 10, 50, and 100 g mag... | internal gravity waves in the magnetized solar atmosphere. ii. energy transport |
titan's northern high latitudes host many large hydrocarbon lakes. like water lakes on earth, titan's lakes are constantly subject to evaporation. this process strongly affects the atmospheric methane abundance, the atmospheric temperature, the lake mixed layer temperature, and the local wind circulation. in this work ... | air-sea interactions on titan: effect of radiative transfer on the lake evaporation and atmospheric circulation |
superflares on the solar-type stars observed by kepler demonstrate the contrast in the optical continuum of the order 0.1-1 per cent. the mechanism of formation of this radiation is not firmly established. we consider a model where the stellar atmosphere is irradiated by the soft x-rays emitted from the flaring loop fi... | soft x-ray heating as a mechanism of optical continuum generation in solar-type star superflares |
clouds and precipitation simulated by climate models still have a large room for improvement. geophysical fluid dynamics laboratory (gfdl) high-resolution atmospheric model (hiram) has much larger ice water path (iwp, 5 times) and stratiform precipitation fraction ( 10 times) than its atmospheric model version 2 (am2) ... | impact of cumulus microphysics and entrainment specification on tropical cloud and radiation in gfdl am2 |
mountainous topography and solar elevation angle have a significant influence on the wind circulation and energy exchange over a complex region. here, the seasonal variation of mountain-valley wind circulation (mvwc) and surface layer parameters have been presented over a hilly station of northeastern india. for the st... | seasonal variation of mountain-valley wind circulation and surface layer parameters over the mountainous terrain of the northeastern region of india |
building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (bipv/t) technology has been receiving considerable research attention because of its ability to generate electricity and thermal energy simultaneously. however, space cooling is crucial for buildings in hot regions where space heating is of little use. this study proposed a bui... | conceptual development of a building-integrated photovoltaic-radiative cooling system and preliminary performance analysis in eastern china |
the thermal infrared channel in honor of professor vassili ivanovich moroz (tirvim) of the atmospheric chemistry suite onboard exomars trace gas orbiter has continuously monitored the martian atmosphere from 13 march 2018 until 2 december 2019, covering almost a complete martian year (my). in the nadir mode of observat... | martian atmospheric thermal structure and dust distribution during the my 34 global dust storm from acs tirvim nadir observations |
new mathematical and numerical results are given for the coupling of the temperature equation of a fluid with radiative transfer: existence and uniqueness and a convergent monotone numerical scheme. the technique is shown to be feasible for studying the temperature of lake leman heated by the sun and for the earth atmo... | stratified radiative transfer for multidimensional fluids |
downward shortwave radiation rsd determines the surface energy balance, alters evapotranspiration and hydrological conditions, and feeds back to the regional and global climate. large-scale rsd estimates are usually retrieved from satellite-based top-of-atmosphere radiation and cloud parameters. these estimates are sub... | reducing solar radiation forcing uncertainty and its impact on surface energy and water fluxes |
we demonstrate a simple, low-cost, and passive radiative cooler based on a monolithic design consisting of thin nanoporous anodic alumina (naa) films grown on aluminium sheets. the naa/al structure maintains a high broadband reflectivity close to 98% within the solar spectrum (0.4-2.2 μ m) and simultaneously exhibits a... | thin nanoporous anodic alumina film on aluminium for passive radiative cooling |
using global ocean vertical temperature anomaly data, we identified that a significant response of the sea temperature anomaly (sta) to the solar radio flux (srf) exists. we found that the sta exhibited a significant correlation with asian summer and winter precipitation, among which the response from the qinghai–tibet... | the influence of solar activity on snow cover over the qinghai–tibet plateau and its mechanism analysis |
using two mars years of data collected by the neutral gas and ion mass spectrometer on the mars atmosphere and volatiles evolution spacecraft, we reconstruct the local solar time structure of the martian equatorial thermosphere for the dawn and dusk sectors. the results indicate the presence of several persistent featu... | first evidence of persistent nighttime temperature structures in the neutral thermosphere of mars |
ocean ventilation change in the subarctic pacific ocean is critical for regulating nutrients, heating, and ocean-atmosphere co2 exchange. debate continues over whether direct ventilation in the subarctic pacific ocean has reached the deep/bottom oceans on different time scales over the last millions of years. here, we ... | enhanced direct ventilation in the subarctic pacific ocean during 3.5-2.73 ma: new evidence of elemental results from odp site 882 |
this study indicates a significant variation of humidity on extreme heat (eh) days over south korea and southern-central japan during the period 1979-2018. eh is therefore classified into three categories: type-a wet eh, type-b wet eh, and dry eh. their statistical characteristics and formation mechanisms are investiga... | comparison of the circulation anomalies associated with wet and dry extreme heat in south korea and southern-central japan |
the tibetan plateau (tp) is one of the regions with the most remarkable diurnal variations in the global atmosphere. the zonal shear line (zsl) is the primary synoptic system inducing precipitation over the tp in boreal summer. it is of great significance in studying its diurnal variation. this study objectively identi... | diurnal variation mechanisms of the zonal shear line inducing anomalous heavy precipitation over the tibetan plateau in boreal summer |
it is well-known that the height of the maximum ozone heating rate is much higher than the height of the maximum ozone concentration in the stratosphere. however, it lacks an analytical expression to explain it. a simple theoretical model has been proposed to calculate the height of maximum ozone heating rate and furth... | a simple parameterization for the height of maximum ozone heating rate |
thermal cooling rates qc and solar heating rates qh in the atmosphere of venus at altitudes between 0 and 100 km are investigated using the radiative transfer and radiative balance simulation techniques described by haus et al. (2015b, 2016). qc strongly responds to temperature profile and cloud parameter changes, whil... | radiative energy balance of venus: an approach to parameterize thermal cooling and solar heating rates |
the civilian airplane is a common transportation mode for the local people in the qinghai-tibet plateau (qtp). due to the profound dynamic and thermal effects, the qtp can trigger strong windstorms during the warm season, during which downbursts can cause severe low-level wind shear and threaten aviation safety. howeve... | evolution and structure of a dry microburst line observed by multiple remote sensors in a plateau airport |
summary during recent decades, climate change and re‑oligotrophication have been affecting many lakes. most long‑term research focuses on large north american and northern european lakes, but climate forcing south of the alps seems to be different. furthermore, lake restoration frequently involves smaller lakes (<10... | effects of re‑oligotrophication and climate change on lake thermal structure |
statistical correlations are reported between measured electron temperatures and total electric field wave power (in the 2-100 hz frequency range), at mars' subsolar point ionosphere. the observations, made by the mars atmosphere and volatile evolution spacecraft, suggest that electric field wave power from the mars-so... | correlations between enhanced electron temperatures and electric field wave power in the martian ionosphere |
the martian crustal magnetic field modifies the structure of the ionosphere, the loss of atmosphere to space, and the interactions of the upper atmosphere with the solar wind. the mars advanced radar for subsurface and ionosphere sounding topside sounder on mars express has regularly observed oblique echoes from magnet... | extremely high plasma densities in the mars ionosphere associated with cusp-like magnetic fields |
the solar energy can mainly be divided into two categories: the solar radiation and the solar wind. the former maximizes at the equator, generating various disturbances over a wide height range and causing vertical coupling processes of the atmosphere between the troposphere and middle and upper atmospheres by upward p... | a proposal on the study of solar-terrestrial coupling processes with atmospheric radars and ground-based observation network |
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