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a milestone in understanding life in the universe is the detection of biosignature gases in the atmospheres of habitable exoplanets. future mission concepts under study by the 2020 decadal survey, e.g., habex and luvoir, have the potential of achieving this goal. we investigate the baseline requirements for detecting f... | baseline requirements for detecting biosignatures with the habex and luvoir mission concepts |
direct imaging of potentially habitable planets is challenging because of the relative proximity of the planet to the star and the low flux ratio (typically well under 1e-9 in the visible) of the planet relative to the star. future exoplanet direct imaging telescopes like the habitable exoplanet imaging mission (habex)... | the effects of space telescope primary mirror segment errors on coronagraph instrument performance |
mission concept to observe earth as an exoplanet to measure spectral variability and polarity of a known habitable world to ease future exoplanet detections. | observing the earth as an exoplanet: a small satellite mission to observe a habitable world |
recent discoveries of exoplanets by both ground-based and space-based surveys indicate that terrestrial-size planets are common around other stars. this raises an intriguing possibility of extraterrestrial life on these planets, which may be detectable with upcoming detailed characterization missions. consequently, the... | the habitable zone: the climatic limits of habitability |
planets orbiting young, active stars are embedded in an environment that is far from being as calm as the present solar neighbourhood. they experience the extreme environments of their host stars, which cannot have been without consequences for young stellar systems and the evolution of earth-like planets to habitable ... | stellar activity and winds shaping the atmospheres of earth-like planets |
the habitable exoplanet imaging mission (habex) is one of four missions under study for the 2020 astrophysics decadal survey. its goal is to directly image and spectroscopically characterize planetary systems in the habitable zone of sunlike stars. additionally, habex will perform a broad range of general astrophysics ... | habitable exoplanet imager optical telescope concept design |
a possible extension activity to a recently published exercise on using actual real data from the kepler mission to identify "possibly habitable" exoplanets in the habitable zones of their stars that could be offered to students is, once they have been identified, to calculate average surface temperatures for these pla... | estimating the temperatures of possibly habitable extrasolar planets |
exo-s is a direct imaging space-based mission to discover and characterize exoplanets. the mission is comprised of two formation-flying spacecraft - a starlight suppressing starshade and a telescope separated by ~30,000 km. to align the starshade between the target star and telescope, one of the two spacecraft must per... | design reference missions for the exoplanet starshade (exo-s) probe-class study |
hot jupiters seem to get rarer with decreasing stellar mass. the goal of the pan-planets transit survey was the detection of such planets and a statistical characterization of their frequency. here, we announce the discovery and validation of two planets found in that survey, wendelstein-1b and wendelstein-2b, which ar... | following the tracs of exoplanets with pan-planets: wendelstein-1b and wendelstein-2b |
the response of the general circulation in a dry atmosphere to various atmospheric shortwave absorptivities is investigated in a three-dimensional general circulation model with gray radiation. shortwave absorption in the atmosphere reduces the incoming radiation reaching the surface but warms the upper atmosphere, sig... | collapse of the general circulation in shortwave-absorbing atmospheres: an idealized model study |
the local galactic environment has been suspected to influence planetary habitability in numerous ways. very metal-poor regions of the galaxy, or those largely devoid of atoms more massive than h and he, are thought to be unable to form habitable planets. moreover, if such planets do form, the newly formed system is su... | galactic effects on habitability |
the m dwarf proxima centauri, the sun's closest stellar neighbour, is known to be magnetically active and it hosts a likely earth-like planet in its habitable zone. high-energy radiation from the host star can significantly alter planetary atmospheres in close orbits. frequent flaring may drive radiation-induced effect... | the high energy spectrum of proxima centauri simultaneously observed at x-ray and fuv wavelengths |
most stars form in crowded stellar environments. such star forming regions typically dissolve within ten million years, while others remain bound as stellar groupings for hundreds of millions to billions of years, and then become the open clusters or globular clusters that are present in our milky way galaxy today. a l... | planetary systems in star clusters: the dynamical evolution and survival |
we report the discovery of a new exoplanet candidate orbiting the star gj 3470. a total of three transits were detected by oksky observatory: the first one on december 23, 2019, the second one on february 27, 2020, and the third one on may 3, 2020. we estimate an average transit depth of 0.84 percent and duration of 1 ... | gj 3470 c: a saturn-like exoplanet candidate in the habitable zone of gj 3470 |
recent work investigating the impact of winds and outflows from active galactic nuclei (agns) on the habitability of exoplanets suggests that such activity could be deleterious for the long-term survival of planetary atmospheres and the habitability of planets subject to such winds. here, we discuss the relative import... | on the relative importance of agn winds for the evolution of exoplanet atmospheres |
this is a joint summary of the reports from the three astrophysics program analysis groups (pags) in response to the "planning for the 2020 decadal survey" charge given by the astrophysics division director paul hertz. this joint executive summary contains points of consensus across all three pags. additional findings ... | exoplanet exploration program analysis group (exopag) report to paul hertz regarding large mission concepts to study for the 2020 decadal survey |
the plato (planetary transits and oscillations of star) space project will observe about fifty percents of the sky with the main purpose of detecting, confirming and characterizing transiting exoplanets of (super)earth sizes in the habitable zone of solar-like stars. determining masses, radii and ages of exoplanets req... | expected asteroseismic performances with the space project plato |
asteroid impacts with earth may have played an essential role in the emergence of life on earth through their creation of favorable niches for life, changes to the atmosphere, and delivery of water. consequently, we suggest two potential requirements for life in an exoplanetary system: first, that the system has an ast... | asteroids and life: how special is the solar system? |
analyzing time-resolved disk-integrated spectral images of the earth can provide a baseline for future exoplanet characterization. the earth polychromatic imaging camera (epic) onboard the deep space climate observatory (dscovr) provides ~5000 full-disk sunlit earth images each year in ten wavelengths from the ultravio... | earth as a proxy exoplanet: simulating dscovr/epic observations using the earth spectrum simulator |
the habitable exoplanet imaging mission (habex) study is one of four studies sponsored by nasa for consideration by the 2020 decadal survey committee as a potential flagship astrophysics mission. a primary science directive of habex would be to image and characterize potential habitable exoplanets around nearby stars. ... | overview of the 4m baseline architecture concept of the habitable exoplanet imaging mission (habex) study |
optical spectroscopy has been and remains an important feature of astrophysical research. huge telescopes are being built to collect radiation from the most distant stars in the universe for subsequent study with unique astronomical spectrographs. the fundamental problem to be faced here is that of transferring the ext... | lasers and fiber optics for astrophysics |
we describe a pathway toward a revised habitability timeline for venus compared with earth, with application to climate studies of exoplanets and in-situ measurements from venus missions. | venus as an exoplanet laboratory: testing the boundaries of habitability |
the habex mission concept is intended to directly image planetary systems around nearby stars, and to perform a wide range of general astrophysics and solar system observations. the baseline habex design would use both a coronagraph and a starshade for exoplanet discovery and characterization. we describe a lower-cost ... | a habitable exoplanet observatory (habex) starshade-only architectures |
the phase-induced amplitude apodization complex mask coronagraph (piaacmc) is a coronagraph architecture for the next generation of large space telescopes optimized for habitable exoplanet imaging that can achieve attractive theoretical performance with high throughput at small inner working angles (iwa). piaacmc desig... | model validation of phase-induced amplitude apodization complex mask coronagraph for luvoir-a in vacuum |
the mearth project is an operational all-sky survey searching for transiting earth-like exoplanets around 3,000 of the closest mid-to-late m-dwarfs. these will be among the best planets in their size class for atmospheric characterization using present day and near-future instruments such as hst, jwst and ground-based ... | the mearth project: an all-sky survey for transiting earth-like exoplanets orbiting nearby m-dwarfs |
the climates of terrestrial planets with a small amount of water on their surface, called land planets, are significantly different from the climates of planets having a large amount of surface water. land planets have a higher runaway greenhouse threshold than aqua planets, which extends the inner edge of the habitabl... | the onset of a globally ice-covered state for a land planet |
exoplanet imaging requires excellent wavefront correction and calibration. at the subaru telescope this is achieved us- ing the 188-element facility adaptive optics system(ao188) feeding the subaru coronagraphic extreme adaptive optics (scexao) instrument; a multipurpose instrument built to deliver high contrast images... | subaru coronagraphic extreme-ao (scexao) wavefront control: current status and ongoing developments |
a list of selected binary stars is presented that have been observed for several decades using a 26-inch refractor at the pulkovo observatory. these stars are at a distance from 3.5 to 25 pc from the sun. they belong to spectral classes f, g, k, and m. their masses range from 0.3 to 1.5 solar masses. we have analyzed t... | estimates of dynamic parameters and boundaries of habitable zones of selected stars of the pulkovo program |
current high-contrast exoplanet imagers are optimized to find new exoplanets; they minimize diffracted starlight in a large area around a star. i present four novel instrumental approaches that are optimized to characterize these discoveries by minimizing starlight in a small area around the known location of an exopla... | novel instrument concepts for characterizing directly imaged exoplanets |
m dwarf is not only one of the lowest mass stars in the main sequence stars, but also the most numerous stars in the milky way. planets and habitable zones around m dwarfs are usually closer to their host stars than f, g, and k-type stars, so it is more convenient for us to discover new planets and observe habitable pl... | the statistical investigation of exoplanets around m dwarfs |
the habex study has developed a baseline concept for a 4 m aperture next generation space telescope operating from the ultraviolet to the infrared, capable of compelling general astrophysics and exoplanet science. habex carries four instruments, a uv spectrometer/imager (uvs) together with a general purpose astrophysic... | habitable exoplanet observatory (habex) telescope and optical instruments |
farside is a mission concept to place a radio array on the farside of the moon. it would monitor auroral and lightning-generated radio emission from the outer planets and enable the detection of the magnetospheres of habitable exoplanets. farside would also be a unique seismological observatory through the use of distr... | farside: a low radio frequency interferometric array on the lunar farside |
peculiar conditions may be required for the origin of life and/or the evolution of complex organisms. hence, earth attributes-such as plate-tectonics, oceans, magnetism and a large moon-may be necessary preconditions, for our own existence, that are rare in the general population of planets. the unknown magnitude of th... | is earth special? |
this paper is the fourth in the series on the technology development for the excede (exoplanetary circumstellar environments and disk explorer) mission concept, which in 2011 was selected by nasa's explorer program for technology development (category iii). excede is a 0.7m space telescope concept operating with a phas... | excede technology development iv: demonstration of polychromatic contrast in vacuum at 1.2 λ/d |
of all the terrestrial planets in our solar system, venus is most similar to the earth in size and, likely, composition. understanding why venus' evolution diverged so dramatically from the earth's, and what implications this may have for habitable exoplanet candidates, is one of the primary drivers of the renewed inte... | can atmospheric oxygen tell us whether venus was ever habitable? |
in the present chapter we discuss the impact of a host stars radiation and plasma environment to the escape<indexterm> <secondary>escape</secondary> and evolution of hydrogen-dominated exoplanet atmospheres<indexterm> . we focus mainly on planets within the earth- to super-earth mass domain and ... | stellar driven evolution of hydrogen-dominated atmospheres from earth-like to super-earth-type exoplanets |
we introduce our new code, smercury-t, which is based on existing codes smercury and mercury-t. the result is a mixed-variable symplectic n-body integrator that can compute the orbital and spin evolution of a planet within a multiplanet system under the influence of tidal spin torques from its star. we validate our imp... | exploring tidal obliquity variations with smercury-t |
exoplanet detection by direct imaging is difficult because the target planets are tens of milliarcseconds away from their host star and many orders of magnitude dimmer, up to 1e10 for earth-like planets in the habitable zone. an important approach to obtaining that high contrast in a space telescope is via a starshade ... | sequential generalized likelihood ratio test for planet detection with photon-counting mode |
the habitable exoplanet observatory mission (habex) is one of four missions under study for the 2020 astrophysics decadal survey. its goal is to directly image and spectroscopically characterize planetary systems in the habitable zone around nearby sun-like. additionally, habex will perform a broad range of general ast... | habex telescope wfe stability specification derived from coronagraph starlight leakage |
the habitable exoplanet observatory mission (habex) is one of four missions under study for the 2020 astrophysics decadal survey. its goal is to directly image and spectroscopically characterize planetary systems in the habitable zone around nearby sun-like stars. additionally, habex will perform a broad range of gener... | overview and performance prediction of the baseline 4-meter telescope concept design for the habitable-zone exoplanet observatory |
habitable zones (hz) are key concepts in the quest for finding extrasolar planets that may host life as we know it. hzs encompass regions around a star that would allow for liquid water to be present on the surface of a rocky planet. however, water may not be the only solvent capable of producing and sustaining biosphe... | effective stellar flux calculations for limits of life-supporting zones of exoplanets |
the robo-ao kepler planetary candidate survey is observing every kepler planet candidate host star (koi) with laser adaptive optics imaging to hunt for blended nearby stars which may be physically associated companions. with the unparalleled efficiency provided by the first fully robotic adaptive optics system, we perf... | the robo-ao koi survey: laser adaptive optics imaging of every kepler exoplanet candidate |
the giant planets in the solar system likely played a large role in shaping the properties of the earth during its formation. to explore their effects, we numerically model the growth of earth-like planets around sun-like stars with and without jupiter and saturn analog companions. employing state-of-the-art dynamical ... | the effect of giant planets on habitable planet formation |
coronagraphic instruments will enable direct imaging of dim planetary companions around nearby stars. the majority of nearby fgk stars are located in multi-star systems, including the alpha centauri stars, which may represent the best quality targets available for spectroscopic characterization due to their proximity a... | demonstration of multi-star wavefront control for wfirst, habex, and luvoir |
in science news around the world, the ebola outbreak that has stubbornly persisted in the democratic republic of the congo since august 2018 jumps the border, sickening a 5-year-old boy in uganda; the news is likely to raise debate about whether the world health organization should declare an international public healt... | news at a glance |
since the 2010 decadal survey, the technologies needed for direct imaging of exoplanets advanced significantly. nasa investment in these technologies, prioritized in the 2010 decadal survey, have ripened to a maturity to enable direct imaging of earthlike exoplanets. for the first time since the discovery of exoplanets... | technology maturity update for the habitable-zone exoplanet imaging observatory (habex) concept |
as the number of detected extrasolar planets increases, exoplanet databases become a valuable resource, confirming some details about planetary formation but also challenging our theories with new, unexpected properties. | walking on exoplanets: is star wars right? |
using earth system evolution as a guide, we suggest that near-term volume- limited surveys of habitable zone planets orbiting nearby sun-like stars is best accomplished with a combined uv-optical-nir sensitive surveyor. | the remote detectability of earth's biosphere through time and the importance of uv capability for characterizing habitable exoplanets |
habitable zone (hz) is defined as a life existence area, where water at the surface of the terrestrial planet is in liquid phase. this is caused by the balance of flux from the host star and effective radiative cooling with greenhouse effect of the planet. however, the flux varies according to evolutional phase of the ... | a simple evolutional model of habitable zone around host stars with various mass and low metallicity |
having discovered that earth-sized planets are common, we are now embarking on a journey to determine if earth-like planets are also common. finding earth-like planets is one of the most compelling endeavors of the 21st century - leading us toward finally answering the question: are we alone? to achieve this forward-lo... | astro2020 science white paper: toward finding earth 2.0: masses and orbits of small planets with extreme radial velocity precision |
red dwarf stars are the most numerous and long-lived stars in the cosmos, and recent exoplanet discoveries indicate an abundance of rocky, temperate planets around them. this presents an apparent paradox as to why we do not see a red dwarf in our sky. this "red sky paradox" could plausibly be random chance at the 1-in-... | formulation and resolutions of the red sky paradox |
we explore the efficacy of machine learning (ml) in characterizing exoplanets into different classes. the source of the data used in this work is university of puerto rico's planetary habitability laboratory's exoplanets catalog (phl-ec). we perform a detailed analysis of the structure of the data and propose methods t... | habitability classification of exoplanets: a machine learning insight |
plato is an esa mission dedicated to the study of exoplanets and stars, with a planned launch date in 2026. by performing photometric monitoring of about 250 000 bright stars (mv < 13), plato will be able to discover and characterise hundreds of exoplanets, including small planets orbiting up to the habitable zone o... | the plato mission: overview and status |
the photochemistry and composition of the atmosphere of a planet orbiting a star in its habitable zone is critically influenced by the near and far uv radiation emitted by the host star. in particular, the extreme uv and x-rays photons can drive atmospheric mass loss. at the present some regions of the uv spectra are u... | an improved model for the upper atmosphere of epsilon eridani |
detecting and measuring the masses of earth-like planets in the presence of stellar signals is the main challenge when using the radial-velocity (rv) technique. even in the plato era where the satellite will provide the period of earth-like planetary candidates, measuring precisely their mass, which is critical to 1) c... | extremely precise harps-n solar rv to overcome the challenge of stellar signal |
the availability of liquid water on the surface on earth's continents in part relies on the precipitation of water. this implies that the habitability of exomoons has to consider not only the surface temperature and atmospheric pressure for the presence of liquid water, but also the global precipitation climatology. th... | precipitation climatology on titan-like exomoons |
uv-scope aims to measure the uv transmission spectra of exoplanets to probe the conditions and composition of their upper-atmospheres, directly measure exospheric escape, and derive the associated impact of stellar uv radiation upon planets, as it is key to the formation, evolution, and chemistry of exoplanet atmospher... | uv-scope: a midex mission concept for the ultraviolet spectroscopic characterization of planets and their environments |
nasa's transiting exoplanet survey satellite (tess) is rapidly discovering small transiting planets around the nearest and brightest stars that are most amenable to detailed follow-up characterization. one of the most exciting recent tess discoveries is toi 1231b, a 3.6 earth radius planet orbiting an m- dwarf 27 parse... | exploring the demographics of exo-neptunes: atmospheric characterization of a cool sub-neptune from tess |
high-precision astrometry at the sub-μas-level opens up a window to study earthlike planets in the habitable zones of sunlike stars and to determine their masses. it thus promises to play an important role in exoplanet science in the future. however, such precision can only be acquired from space and requires dedicated... | future astrometric space missions for exoplanet science |
microchannel plate (mcp) detectors have been the detector of choice for ultraviolet (uv) instruments onboard many nasa missions. these detectors have many advantages, including high spatial resolution (<20 μm), photon counting, radiation hardness, large formats (up to 20 cm), and ability for curved focal plane match... | microchannel plate detector technology potential for luvoir and habex |
exoplanet characterization must move beyond questions of habitability, to detectability of life, comparing biotic and abiotic geochemical cycles. this shift in thinking guides the types of observations and modeling needed moving forward. | detectability, not habitability |
one of the most exciting areas of exoplanet research is identifying and characterizing nearby habitable planets. the ultimate goal is to make a credible search for life on planets outside of our solar system, and key to realizing such a comprehensive exoplanet science program is an instrument for measuring radial veloc... | maroon-x: a new earth-finder spectrograph for gemini north |
red clays of central indian basin (cib) under influence of trace of rodriguez triple junction exhibited chemoautotrophy, low temperature hydrothermal alterations and photoautotrophic potential. seamount flank tvbc-08, hosting such signatures revealed dominance of aerobic anoxygenic phototroph erythrobacter, with 93% of... | astrobiological implications of dim light phototrophy in deep-sea red clays |
an extensive trade study was conducted to evaluate primary mirror substrate design architectures for the habex mission baseline 4-meter off-axis telescope. the study's purpose is not to produce a final design, but rather to established a design methodology for matching the mirror's properties (mass and stiffness) with ... | design trade study for a 4-meter off-axis primary mirror substrate and mount for the habitable-zone exoplanet direct imaging mission |
we propose a low-cost mission concept called toliman dedicated to the detection of earth-mass exoplanets in temperate orbits around the two nearest sun-like stars: alpha centauri (a cen) a & b. our baseline mission concept uses a 9 cm telescope to obtain relative astrometry measurements of the binary at sufficient ... | toliman: an astrometry mission to detect earth analogs orbiting the nearest sun-like stars |
exploration of ocean worlds in the solar system offers the chance to anticipate what features of habitability to look for on watery exoworlds. multiple icy oceanic worlds exist in the solar system, with global inventories of liquid water often exceeding those on earth. they may create conditions amenable to life, despi... | the habitability of icy ocean worlds in the solar system |
approximately 60 percent of all stars in the solar neighbourhood (up to 80 percent in our milky way) are members of binary or multiple star systems. this fact led to the speculations that many more planets may exist in binary systems than are currently known. to estimate the habitability of exoplanetary systems, we hav... | on the possibility of habitable trojan planets in binary star systems |
our knowledge of the physical, chemical, and mechanical (i.e., rheological) properties of terrestrial planets is based almost entirely on our solar system. terrestrial exoplanets, however, show a startling diversity compared to our local experience. this observation challenges our understanding of terrestrial planet fo... | predicted bulk compositions and geodynamical properties of terrestrial exoplanets in the solar neighbourhood |
the addition of an external starshade to the nancy grace roman space telescope will enable the direct imaging of earth-radius planets orbiting at ∼1 au. classification of any detected planets as earth-like requires both spectroscopy to characterize their atmospheres and multi-epoch imaging to trace their orbits. we con... | starshade rendezvous: exoplanet orbit constraints from multi-epoch direct imaging |
the most fundamental question driving the search and characterization of exoplanets is whether life and habitable planets are ubiquitous. more than 3000 exoplanets have been discovered since 1995, about 20 of which are potentially habitable, and this number could be increased dramatically in the next decade. observatio... | progress and prospect of exoplanetary atmosphere and habitable exoplanet researches |
a new era is expected to arrive around 2030 with a pool of exoplanets amounting to about ten thousand, including mainly small to medium-sized planets, and over a hundred habitable terrestrial rocky planets, thanks to the space-borne transit surveys by the kepler, tess and plato missions, and ground-based transit and ra... | a space mission dedicated for the characterization of habitable rocky planets |
the current generation of precision radial velocity (rv) spectrographs are seeing-limited instruments. in order to achieve high spectral resolution on 8m class telescopes, these spectrographs require large optics and in turn, large instrument volumes. achieving milli-kelvin thermal stability for these systems is challe... | the ilocater cryostat: design and thermal control strategy for precision radial velocity measurements |
the goals of the astrobiology community are focussed on developing a framework for the detection of biosignatures, or evidence thereof, on objects inside and outside of our solar system. a fundamental aspect of understanding the limits of habitable environments and detectable signatures is the study of where the bounda... | venus: the making of an uninhabitable world |
over the past two decades, enormous advances in the detection of exoplanets have taken place. currently, we have discovered hundreds of earth-sized planets, several of them within the habitable zone of their star. in the coming years, the efforts will concentrate in the characterization of these planets and their atmos... | the detectability of earth's biosignatures across time |
among different models for determining the habitable zone (hz) around a star, a latitudinal energy balance model (lebm) is very beneficial due to its parametricity which keeps a good balance between complexity and simulation time. this flexibility makes the lebm an excellent tool to assess the impact of some key physic... | evaluating the effect of four unknown parameters included in a latitudinal energy balance model on the habitability of exoplanets |
the kepler mission is a space observatory launched in 2009 to monitor 170,000 stars over a period of 4 years to explore the structure and diversity of planetary systems, in particular to determine the frequency of earth-size and larger planets in and near the habitable zone (hz) of sun-like stars, the size and orbital ... | space missions for exoplanet science: kepler/k2 |
with about 2000 exoplanets discovered within a large range of different configurations of distance from the star, size, mass, and atmospheric conditions, the concept of habitability cannot rely only on the stellar effective temperature anymore. in addition to the natural evolution of habitability with the intrinsic ste... | host star evolution for planet habitability |
the direct detection of reflected light from exoplanets is an excellent probe for the characterization of their atmospheres. the greatest challenge for this task is the low planet-to-star flux ratio, which even in the most favourable case is of the order of 10-4 in the optical. this ratio decreases even more for planet... | reflected light from giant planets in habitable zones: tapping into the power of the cross-correlation function |
we explore the atmospheric and surface history of a hypothetical paleo-venus climate using a 3-d general circulation model. we constrain our model with the in-situ and remote sensing venus data available today. given that venus and earth are believed to be similar geochemically some aspects of earth's history are also ... | modeling venus-like worlds through time |
the color of photosynthetic apparatus can be used for inferring the process of evolutionary selection of photosynthetic pigments and as possible signs of life on distant habitable exoplanets. the absorption spectra of photosynthetic apparatus have close relationships with the spectra and intensity of incident radiation... | color of photosynthetic systems: importance of atmospheric spectral segregation between direct and diffuse radiation |
the wide field infrared survey telescope (wfirst), nasa's next decadal astrophysics observatory, will enable advances in astrophysics by providing a large-scale survey capability in infrared wavelengths. the observatory is designed to capture data that will allow astronomers to unlock the mysteries of the universe, ans... | wfirst wide field instrument optical mechanical assembly design overview |
the topic of solar system formation has become essential to the teaching of astrobiology due to the discovery of more than 3700 exoplanets, some orbiting within their host star's habitable zone. the architecture of planetary systems is more easily understood when students are able to comprehend how solar systems form. ... | a survey and analysis of college students' understanding of planet formation before instruction |
three dimensional general circulation modeling shows that venus could have been habitable for over 3 billion years if it had a shallow liquid water ocean as assumed in these simulations. | a view of the possible habitability of ancient venus and similar exoplanetary worlds |
roughly seventy-five billion m dwarfs in our galaxy host at least one small planet in the habitable zone (hz). the stellar ultraviolet (uv) radiation from m dwarfs is strong and highly variable, and impacts planetary atmospheric loss, composition and habitability. these effects are amplified by the extreme proximity of... | monitoring the high-energy radiation environment of exoplanets around low-mass stars with sparcs (star-planet activity research cubesat) |
several mission concepts are being studied to directly image planets around nearby stars. it is commonly thought that directly imaging a potentially habitable exoplanet around a sun-like star requires space telescopes with apertures of at least 1m. a notable exception to this is alpha centauri (a and b), which is an ex... | how to directly image a habitable planet around alpha centuri iwth a30-45cm space telescope |
habex architecture a is a 4m unobscured telescope mission concept optimized for direct imaging and spectroscopy of potentially habitable exoplanets, and also enables a wide range of general astrophysics science. the exoplanet detection and characterization drives the enabling core technologies. a hybrid starlight suppr... | technology maturity for the habitable-zone exoplanet imaging observatory (habex) concept |
plato is an esa m-class mission due for launch in 2026 that will discover transiting terrestrial exoplanets in the habitable zone of solar-type stars and characterise their host stars using asteroseismology. here i present results for long-period detached eclipsing binaries from the kepler k2 mission that show the pote... | detached eclipsing binary stars as benchmark targets for plato |
the large ultraviolet / optical / infrared (luvoir) surveyor is one of four large mission concept studies being developed by nasa for consideration in the 2020 astrophysics decadal survey. luvoir will support a broad range of science objectives, including the direct imaging and spectral characterization of habitable ex... | the large uv/optical/infrared surveyor (luvoir): decadal mission concept technology development overview |
transmission spectroscopy offers the exciting possibility of studying terrestrial exoplanet atmospheres in the near-term future. the transiting exoplanet survey satellite (tess), scheduled for launch next year, is expected to discover thousands of transiting exoplanets around bright host stars, including an estimated t... | the effect of stellar contamination on transmission spectra of low-mass exoplanets |
the habitable exoplanet imaging mission (habex) is a concept for a mission to directly image planetary systems around sun-like stars and to perform general astrophysics investigations being studied as part of a number of mission concepts for the upcoming 2020 astrophysics decadal survey. habex would help assess the pre... | habitable exoplanet imaging mission (habex): initial flight system design |
the predictive thermal control technology (ptct) development project is a multiyear effort initiated in fiscal year (fy) 2017, to mature the technology readiness level (trl) of critical technologies required to enable ultra-thermallystable ultraviolet/optical/infrared (uvoir) space telescope primary-mirror assemblies f... | predictive thermal control (ptc) technology to enable thermally stable telescopes: first two year status |
the success of a space-borne direct-imaging mission pursuing earth-sized exoplanets in the habitable zone hinges on the ability to achieve high contrast over a maximum field of view. coronagraphic instruments designed to address this challenge suffer from optical aberrations and rely on focal-plane wavefront control to... | technological progress of a ferrofluid deformable mirror with tunable nominal optical power for high-contrast imaging |
at its launch in 2003, spitzer did not have exoplanet science among its primary goals. yet in the second half of its lifetime, spitzer's exoplanet observations came to be among its most important scientific contributions, including the detection of seven planets - three of them earth analogs in the habitable zone - tra... | observing exoplanets with the spitzer space telescope |
for the first time in human history, our generation will have the technology needed to answer one of the longest-standing questions: "are we alone?'' only recently have planet-hunting programs (such as trappist, mearth, and kepler) confirmed the first earth analogues orbiting m dwarfs. however, it is unknown whether pl... | exoplanet science with the origins space telescope |
the atmospheric characterization of a significant number of terrestrial planets, including the search for habitable and potentially inhabited planets, is arguably the major goal of exoplanetary science and one of the most challenging questions in 21st century astrophysics. however, despite being at the top of the agend... | the life mission: a space mission designed to characterize terrestrial exoplanet atmospheres |
we use coupled models of planet interiors, clathrate formation, liquid-gas equilibrium, and atmospheric radiative transfer to constrain the atmospheric abundance of co2 and corresponding habitable zone boundaries for water-rich exoplanets. | constraining the habitable zone boundaries for water world exoplanets |
we consider ice-covered oceans in exoplanets using new user-friendly thermodynamics suitable for geochemistry and geophysics. | interior structure and habitability of super-europas and super-ganymedes |
the concept of exoplanetary habitability is evolving. the driving force is a desire to define the biological potential of planets and identify which can host complex and possibly intelligent life. to assess this in a meaningful manner, climate models need to be applied to realistic surfaces. however, the vast majority ... | phytoclimatic mapping of exoplanets |
the large ultraviolet / optical / infrared (luvoir) mission concept intends to determine not only if habitable exoplanets exist outside our solar system, but also how common life might be throughout the galaxy. this surveying objective implies a high degree of angular agility of a large segmented optical telescope, who... | telescope line-of-sight slew control and agility with non-contact vibration isolation for the large ultraviolet/optical/infrared (luvoir) surveyor concept |
wolf 359 is a nearby late-m dwarf that is known to produce frequent flares. we will present results from our observations in the optical, uv, x-ray, and radio wavelengths and discuss the potential impact on exoplanet habitability. | simultaneous, multi-wavelength flare observations of the m dwarf wolf 359 |
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