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we explore whether life could originate on rocky planets by performing laboratory photochemical experiments and comparing the lamps we use to observed stellar spectra. | prebiotic chemistry on exoplanets within the liquid water habitable zone |
temperate, terrestrial planets orbiting nearby small stars offer the only opportunity to study the atmospheres of potentially habitable exoplanets in the next decade. i will review the m-dwarf opportunity with a focus on recent progress. | a review of the near-future opportunity afforded by the discovery of temperate, terrestrial planets orbiting nearby m-dwarfs |
measuring masses of long-period planets around f, g, and k stars is necessary to characterize exoplanets and assess their habitability. imaging stellar astrometry offers a unique opportunity to solve radial velocity system inclination ambiguity and determine exoplanet masses. the main limiting factor in sparse-field as... | results of the astrometry and direct imaging testbed for exoplanet detection |
this paper provides an overview of a feasible design architecture that satisfies the strict pointing requirements for the 2020 astrophysics decadal survey habitable exoplanet observatory (habex) architecture a mission concept. microthruster technology has matured significantly in recent years, with high specific impuls... | habex: a high-precision pointing architecture using microthrusters and a fine steering mirror |
the large uv/optical/ir surveyor (luvoir) is a concept for a multi-wavelength space observatory with broad science goals. one of its major aims is to characterize habitable exoplanets around sun-like stars and search them for signs of life. | big bang to biosignatures: the luvoir decadal mission concept |
previous papers have described our concept for a large telescope that would be assembled in space in several stages (in different configurations) over a period of fifteen to 20 years. spreading the telescope development, launch and operations cost over 20 years would minimize the impact on nasa's annual budget and dras... | a 4-m evolvable space telescope configured for nasa's habex mission: the initial stage of luvoir |
it is essential to explore the architectures of exoplanetary systems as we attempt to understand planet formation histories and determine the rate of occurrence of habitable-zone rocky planets. we focus on the kepler-297 system which hosts three transiting planets, kepler-297b, kepler-297c, and koi-1426.03. we re-analy... | determining the architecture of the kepler-297 system using transit timing variations |
with the ever growing number of detected and confirmed exoplanets, the probability to find a planet that looks like the earth increases continuously. while it is clear that being in the habitable zone does not imply being habitable, a systematic study of the evolution of the habitable zone is required to account for it... | impact of stellar evolution on planetary habitability |
we derive t eff and [fe/h] for a sample of 72 nearby m-dwarfs with hipparcos parallaxes and δ < +30. spectra, acquired at the observatório do pico dos dias, brazil, have r = 10,000 and s/n >~ 100 for nearly all targets in the λλ8380-8880 range. atmospheric parameters were derived from vjhk colors and a system of ... | atmospheric parameters and luminosities of nearby m dwarfs - estimating habitable exoplanet detectability with the e-elt |
the search for life in the universe is a priority for nasa astrophysics, embodied in the question "are we alone?" the 2018 national academies' exoplanet science strategy final report recommends a future nasa mission to perform reflected light spectroscopy on terrestrial planets in the habitable zone of sun-like stars. ... | segmented-aperture coronagraphy for exo-earth direct imaging: design and demonstration |
direct imaging of exoplanets in their habitable zone is extremely challenging due to two main factors: the proximity of the planet to the parent star and the flux ratio between the planet and the parent star, usually on the order of 10^-10 in the visible. the luvoir space observatory concept uses a large, segmented pri... | evaluating the luvoir coronagraph sensitivity to telescope aberrations |
do we inhabit the best of all possible worlds? german mathematician gottfried leibniz thought so, writing in 1710 that our planet, warts and all, must be the most optimal one imaginable. leibniz's idea was roundly scorned as unscientific wishful thinking, most notably by french author voltaire in his magnum opus, candi... | better than earth |
energetic stellar photon and particle radiation evaporates and erodes planetary atmospheres and controls upper atmospheric chemistry. understanding of exoplanet atmospheres, their evolution and determination of habitability requires a powerful high-resolution x-ray imaging and spectroscopic observatory to characterize ... | high-energy photon and particle effects on exoplanet atmospheres and habitability |
stellar magnetism, explorable via polarimetry, is a crucial driver of activity, ionization, photodissociation, chemistry and winds in stellar environments. thus it has an important impact on the atmospheres and magnetospheres of surrounding planets. modeling of stellar magnetic fields and their winds is extremely chall... | stellar magnetic activity and their influence on the habitability of exoplanets |
while the search for exoplanets has been focused primarily on trying to find earth like planets, or planets of a similar size, distance from its star and composition as earth, there have been discoveries of many different worlds that have caused us to revise our ideas as to what could be a potentially habitable world. ... | exploring giant planets and their potential moons in the habitable zone. |
the existence of worlds beyond our own has been a subject of fascination and inspiration since the times of the ancient greeks. the first exoplanet discovery in wolszczan and frail 1992 led to a revolution that sparked the scientific community to develop new space missions (e.g. kepler, tess and ariel) and instruments ... | the detection and characterization of transiting exoplanets |
with the recent success of our development of 10 micron hgcdte infrared (ir) detector arrays,1,2 we have used what we learned and extended the cutoff wavelength to 13 microns. these 13 micron hgcdte detector arrays can operate at higher temperatures than si:as, e.g. in a properly designed spacecraft with passive coolin... | 13 micron cutoff hgcdte detector arrays for space and ground-based astronomy |
carmenes (calar alto high-resolution search for m dwarfs with exo-earths with near-infrared and optical echelle spectrographs) is a next-generation instrument currently undergoing commissioning at the 3.5m telescope at the calar alto observatory. it has been developed by a consortium of eleven spanish and german instit... | carmenes: first results from the caha 3.5m telescope |
the ariel mission has been proposed to esa by an european consortium as the first space mission to extensively perform remote sensing on the atmospheres of a well defined set of warm and hot transiting gas giant exoplanets, whose temperature range between ~600 k and 3000 k. ariel will observe a large number (~500) of w... | the atmospheric remote-sensing infrared exoplanets large-survey (ariel) payload electronic subsystems |
red dwarfs (m dwarfs or dm stars) make up over 75% of the local stellar population. this is among the reasons they are being targeted by an increasing number of planet-hunting programs. as such, developing a method to accurately estimate the age of a field m dwarf is of critical importance. however, due to their long l... | progress of the living with a red dwarf program: activity-rotation-age relationships for m dwarfs and the ages of extrasolar planets |
the sub-lyman α explorer (sublyme) is a proposed small explorer mission. it will provide multi-color imaging in the 102 - 120 nm spectral window with 2 arc second resolution and a field of view of 7 arc minutes. arc second class astronomical imaging has never been done in this bandpass previously. sublyme will enable a... | sublyme: the sub-lyman α explorer |
what does it take to consider a planet potentially habitable? if a planet is suitable for life, could life be present? is life on other planets inevitable? searching for habitable worlds answers these questions and provides both the general public and astronomy enthusiasts with a richly illustrated discussion of the mo... | searching for habitable worlds; an introduction |
the exoplanetary circumstellar environments and disk explorer (excede) science mission concept uses a visible-wavelength phase-induced amplitude apodization (piaa) coronagraph to enable high-contrast imaging of circumstellar debris systems and some giant planets at angular separations reaching into the habitable zones ... | demonstration of broadband contrast at 1.2λ/d and greater for the excede starlight suppression system |
the transiting exoplanet survey satellite (tess) will discover thousands of exoplanets in orbit around the brightest stars in the sky. in a two-year survey of the solar neighborhood, tess will monitor more than 200,000 bright stars for temporary drops in brightness caused by planetary transits. this first-ever spacebor... | the transiting exoplanet survey satellite: mission status |
red dwarfs (dm) stars make up over 75% of the local stellar population and a significant fraction (~40-50%) are older than the sun. because of the high frequency of red dwarfs and their longevity (> 50 gyr), there is a greater possibility of more advanced life in red dwarf-exoplanet systems. mearths, uves, sdss-iii,... | living with an old red dwarf: x-ray-uv emissions of kapteyn’s star - effects of x-uv radiation on habitable zone planets hosted by old red dwarf stars |
several mission concepts are being studied to directly image planets around nearby stars. direct imaging enables spectroscopic detection of biomarkers such as atmospheric oxygen and methane, which would be highly suggestive of extraterrestrial life. it is commonly thought that directly imaging a potentially habitable e... | how to directly image a habitable planet around alpha centauri with a ~30cm space telescope |
in the field of exoplanetary sciences, high contrast imaging is crucial for the direct detection of, and answering questions about habitability of exoplanets. for the direct imaging of habitable exoplanets, it is important to employ low inner working angle (iwa) coronagraphs, which can image exoplanets close to the psf... | first on-sky closed loop measurement and correction of atmospheric dispersion |
when a star evolves into a white dwarf, the planetary system it hosts can become unstable. planets in such systems may then be scattered onto star-grazing orbits, leading to their tidal disruption as they pass within the white dwarf’s roche limit. we study the massive, compact debris discs that may arrise from this pro... | exoplanet recycling in massive white-dwarf debris discs |
flares are thought to be sudden releases of magnetic energy stored around starspots. recent space high-precision photometry shows “superflares”, 10-104 times more energetic than the largest solar flares, occur on many g, k, m-type stars (e.g., maehara+2012 nature). harmful uv/x-ray radiation and high-energy particles s... | statistical studies of superflares on g-, k-, m- type stars from kepler data |
a wide array of general astrophysics studies including detecting and characterizing habitable exoplanets could be enabled by a future large segmented telescope with sensitivity in the uv, optical, and infrared bands. when paired with a starshade or coronagraph, such an observatory could enable direct imaging and detail... | recent developments with the visible nulling coronagraph |
m dwarf stars make up nearly 75% of the milky way's stellar population. due to their low luminosities, the habitable zones around these stars are very close in (~0.1-0.4 au), increasing the probability of finding terrestrial planets located in these regions. while there is evidence that stars emit their highest levels ... | hazmat ii: modeling the evolution of extreme-uv radiation from m stars |
the mearth project consists of 2 arrays of 8 telescopes each, one in the northern hemisphere at mt. hopkins, az and one in the southern hemisphere at ctio, chile. mearth is monitoring the stars with estimated radii less than 0.3 solar radii and estimated distances within 33 parsecs for transiting exoplanets. rocky plan... | identifying long-period planets from single transit events with the mearth project |
over 3000 exoplanets and hundreds of exoplanetary systems have been detected to date and we are now rapidly moving toward an era where the focus is shifting from detection to direct imaging and spectroscopic characterization of these new worlds and their atmospheres. nasa is currently studying several exoplanet charact... | the maturing of high contrast imaging and starlight suppression techniques for future nasa exoplanet characterization missions |
the composition of a terrestrial planet's atmosphere results from a complex interplay of accretion, escape, and outgassing. we have little data on how such processes proceed for planets around stars other than our sun. the warm, earth-size planet gj1132b transits a late m dwarf and offers a unique opportunity for study... | the hydrogen content of a rocky earth-size exoplanet |
uv stellar radiation can significantly impact planetary atmospheres through heating and photochemistry, even regulating production of potential biomarkers. cool stars emit the majority of their uv radiation in the form of emission lines, and the incident uv radiation on close-in habitable-zone planets is significant. l... | the muscles treasury survey: intrinsic lyα profile reconstructions and uv, x-ray, and optical correlations of low-mass exoplanet host stars |
we just found a small (1.2 earth radius), warm (roughly 500k) exoplanet transiting a small, nearby m dwarf star. the system's proximity and large planet-to-star radius ratio make it an ideal laboratory for studying the evolution of terrestrial planet atmospheres around m dwarfs, a topic that is important for understand... | hydrogen escape from an earth-size exoplanet: a reconnaissance study |
a starshade paired with an existing 2.4 m telescope offers scientific opportunities for high-contrast direct exoplanet observations that are complementary to those offered by internal coronagraphs. most excitingly, since the inner working angle is decoupled from the telescope aperture, a starshade can provide access to... | scientific opportunities for a starshade working with a 2.4 m telescope at l2 |
we describe how venus data are impacting exoplanetary science and defining boundaries of habitability, and how this will be improved with future missions. | testing the boundaries of planetary habitability: the critical need for in-situ data |
identifying habitable planets around other stars is one of nasa's greatest long-term goals. over the last decade, terrestrial planets in the habitable zones (hzs) of m dwarfs have received increasing scrutiny due to their favorable signal sizes of atmospheric molecular features. more than 1000 terrestrial exoplanets ha... | the m-dwarf opportunity: characterizing nearby m-dwarf habitable zone planets |
stellar flares have been observed to produce a burst of radiation over a wide range of wavelengths, among which x-rays and euv constitute the major ionizing stellar radiation for planetary atmospheres at low and high altitudes, respectively. stellar flares are considered an impediment to habitability, especially in the... | how stellar flares and storms regulate atmospheric losses from the trappist-1 planets |
the primary science goal of the habitable exoplanet imaging mission (habex), one of four candidate flagship missions under investigation, is to image and spectrally characterize earth-like exoplanets. it is well known that pupil obscurations degrade coronagraphic performance and complicate coronagraph design, so habex ... | numerically optimized coronagraph designs for the habitable exoplanet imaging mission (habex) concept |
over the past decade, fast advances both in theoretical and observational studies have significantly improved our understanding of a planet's habitability. many of the planets that have been discovered to date are remarkably similar to earth in terms of their size, mass, and orbital distance to their stars, making them... | exospheres and atmospheric escape in the trappist-1 system |
significant progress has been made in recent years in measuring the sky-projected obliquity distribution of fgk planet hosting systems via precise rossiter-mclaughlin (rm) effect observations. however, currently only one m-dwarf system, gj 436 has a published obliquity constraint via the rm effect—which interestingly i... | precision rossiter-mclaughin observations of m-dwarf planets in the near-infrared with the habitable-zone planet finder |
mass is an espa class mission that is one of the nasa funded as3 studies. it uses with a 35cm aperture and a large format cmos sensor designed to achieve 4 5 microarcsec astrometric precision in 1hr on bright nearby stars against 100 nearby reference stars as bright as 10 mag within a 1/2 degree fov. the scientific goa... | mass (microarcsecond small satellite) |
the large uv/optical/ir surveyor (luvoir) is a concept for a highly capable, multi-wavelength space observatory with ambitious science goals. this mission would enable great leaps forward in a broad range of science, from the epoch of reionization, through galaxy formation and evolution, star and planet formation, to s... | overview of the luvoir space observatory concepts |
i will present results from several surveys that have focused on obtaining broadband spectral energy distributions and time variable probes of the energetic emission from dwarf stars and how it affects exoplanet atmospheres. | probing the effects of xuv emission on the atmospheric structure and potential habitability of exoplanets |
twin sisters, diverged / earth clement, venus hellish / exoplanets heed. | venus the easy bake planet: how the atmosphere, lithosphere, and mantle couple to break a habitable world |
nearly 75% of the stellar population in our galaxy is made up of low mass/ red stars, making them the most common stars in our neighborhood, in turn, the most frequent planet hosts. due to intrinsically low luminosities of red stars, the habitable zone lies close to the host stars making the orbiting world extremely vu... | irradiation of exoplanetary atmosphere |
the deep atmosphere venus investigation of noble gases, chemistry, and imaging mission has been selected as one of the next nasa discovery missions. through a combined architecture of mission flybys and a probe descent phase, davinci will answer long-standing questions about the origin of venus, how its atmosphere and ... | the davinci mission to venus |
results of the exoplanet search in koi-351 star system using the remote computer analysis and processing of light curves made by the orbiting telescope "kepler" are presented. the system consists of the star koi-351 (according to different classifications koi 2437209, kic 11442793 or kepler-90) and seven exoplanets in ... | features of exoplanet discovering at our galaxy's star ecliptics by the example of identification of the seventh transit at the light curve from the star koi-351 |
the obliquity of the rotation axis plays an important role in the climate and the atmospheric circulation of planets. using a general circulation model of intermediate complexity, planet simulator (plasim), we modelled aquaplanets at varying obliquities between 0°and 90°. changing obliquity leads to significant changes... | how obliquitiy influences the climate of aquaplanets |
in the search for habitable exoplanets, the planet's surface temperature plays a crucial role. unfortunately, direct measurements of surface temperature are not available at this time. many physical processes influence the surface temperature distribution of a planet. however, the dominating influence is an energy bala... | surface temperatures of exoplanets |
most terrestrial exoplanets detected so far have been found in compact multiplanetary systems where interplanetary interactions are strong. the perturbed trajectories have eccentricity, mutual inclination and are subject to precession motions. although eccentricities and inclinations in these systems are limited for st... | extreme cassini states of planets with a liquid core |
the evidence to support a warmer and wetter climate of early mars is strong. the most promising theoretical explanation for such a climate relies on the combination of a dense co2 atmosphere with high concentrations of h2 or ch4, while the abundance of co2/h2/ch4 in early martian atmosphere rely strongly on the efficie... | impact of atmospheric escape on the climate of noachian mars |
the habitable exoplanet observatory mission concept is intended to directly image planetary systems around nearby stars using both a starshade and a coronagraph. starshade development is currently being pursued under nasa's s5 technology program, targeting primarily a wfirst rendezvous mission concept with a 26 m diame... | habex space telescope: design and development of a 52 m starshade for exoplanet science |
in recent years, many different types of exoplanets have been discovered and understanding the conditions and chemical cycles present on these diverse worlds will be enable by the spectroscopic characterization their atmosphere. terrestrial-like exoplanets can contain many chemical species, yet only a few have the dist... | an initial exploration of the 3-d structure of terrestrial-like exoplanetary atmospheres orbiting around different parent star types |
superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (snspds) have emerged as the highest-performing single-photon detectors from the uv to the mid-infrared. these detectors combine very high efficiencies (> 90% in the infrared at 1.55 µm), ultralow jitter (~100 ps or less), zero readout noise, and very low dark count r... | superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors for exoplanet spectroscopy in the mid-infrared: phase 2 |
rotation in planetary atmospheres plays an important role inregulating atmospheric and oceanic heat flow, cloud formation and precipitation.using the goddard institute for space studies (giss) three dimensional generalcirculation model (3d-gcm) we demonstrate how varying rotation rate andincreasing the incident solar f... | exploring the inner edge of the habitable zone with fully coupled oceans |
the majority of exoplanets discovered by the kepler mission have sizes that range between 1-4 earth radii, populating a regime of planets with no solar system analogues. this regime is critical for understanding the frequency of potentially habitable worlds and to help inform planet formation theories, because it conta... | precisely measuring the density of small transiting exoplanets with particular emphasis on longer period planet using the harps-n spectrograph |
study of exoplanets and the search for life elsewhere has been a very fascinating area in recent years. presently, lots of efforts have been channelled in this direction in the form of space exploration and the ultimate search for the habitable planet. one of the parametric methods to analyse the data available from th... | calibration of surface temperature on rocky exoplanets |
as earths twin, venus and its atmosphere provides the best example of the divergent evolutionary paths that terrestrial planets can take during and after their formation. this proposal not only helps us better understand this process, but informs us on the potential for habitability of exoplanets that have significant ... | venus atmosphere: d/h ratio from h2o and hdo measurements |
exoplanets that transit their host stars are an immensely valuable source of information. their radii can be inferred from the transit flux decrease, their masses can be uniquely measured from the reflex motion of the star, and their atmospheres can be probed via transit spectroscopy. yet, the transit method is severel... | tracking transits of long-period exoplanets in the era of short-baseline transit surveys |
the large number of verified exoplanetary discoveries has created the need for moving beyond the purely temperature-based definition of the "habitable zone" and account for stellar activity. in the solar paradigm, energetic flares are associated with massive and fast cmes. if the energy partition remains the same for t... | linking stellar flares to cmes: energy partition and modeling |
a 2018 pew research study reports that 73% of u.s. adults surveyed indicated that the search for life and planets that could support life should be important (42%) or a top priority (31%) for nasa. capitalizing on this interest, the nasa's universe of learning (uol) authentic ground-based research experiences group des... | aliens and habitable planets: engaging the public in scientific practices characterizing exoplanet orbits |
we discuss our recent study of a mission to the regions outside our solar system, with the objective of conducting direct high-resolution imaging and spectroscopy of a habitable exoplanet by exploiting optical properties of the solar gravitational lens (sgl). a mission to the focal area of the sgl (which lies beyond 54... | direct multipixel imaging of an exo-earth with a mission to the solar gravitational lens |
every planet orbiting a star is subject to photochemical reactions that can potentially alter its habitability. unfortunately, we do not understand photochemistry in complex aqueous systems well enough to infer its importance for other worlds. this is a concern for exoplanets orbiting m and k type stars because a highe... | assessing the importance of iron photo-oxidation on ancient earth and beyond |
a major goal of exoplanetary science is the search for possible biosignatures on planets where life similar to ours would have emerged and modified the atmosphere. these planets can be detected by remote sensing using spectroscopic observation of o2, o3, h2o, co2, and ch4 gases, but in the present context of funding, o... | measuring the masses of the habitable planets around the 50 closest solar-type stars with theia |
dr. karen collins (vanderbilt university) has requested ground-based, follow-up observations of recently discovered exoplanet proxima centauri b. this exoplanet is a suspected earth-size planet orbiting in the habitable zone of our nearest stellar neighbor, proxima centauri (v645 cen). there exists a rough ephemeris of... | observations requested of exoplanet proxima centauri b |
finding and characterizing small exoplanets transiting small stars naturally poses the question of their habitability. a major contributing factor to this might be stellar flares, originating from powerful magnetic reconnection events on the star. while too powerful flaring can erode or sterilize exoplanets' atmosphere... | stellar flares and habitable (?) m-dwarf worlds with tess |
the search for life outside our solar system initially requires exploring potentially habitable earth-analog exoplanets. the james webb space telescope (jwst), scheduled to launch in 2021, will be able to detect the atmospheres of these potential earth-analog worlds. thus, it is imperative that we optimize the use of j... | exploring earth analog atmospheres with the james webb space telescope |
the physical and kinematic properties of exoplanet host stars provide important clues about the environment, galactic context, and conditions in the protoplanetary disk when these planets formed. gaia's second data release has offered the opportunity to examine the kinematic properties of known exoplanet systems for th... | through thick, thin, and halo: galactic kinematics of exoplanet host stars with gaia |
as one of the four flagship concept studies commissioned by nasa for the 2020 decadal survey in astronomy and astrophysics, the habitable exoplanet observatory (habex) study evaluated a range of nine architectures largely driven by the two predominant methods for imaging and characterizing habitable exoplanets in space... | architectures of the habitable exoplanet observatory (habex) study |
because of its proximity, the 650-myr-old hyades open cluster is a unique resource for exploring the relationship between magnetic activity, rotation, and age in low-mass stars. while the cluster has been largely ignored in uv studies of the dependence of activity on rotation, we now have an extensive and growing set o... | a uv spectroscopic snapshot survey of low-mass stars in the hyades |
high-energy stellar photons and particles regulate the atmospheric temperature structure and photochemistry on orbiting planets, influencing the long-term stability of planetary atmospheres and the production of potential "biomarker" gases. in the first part of the talk, i will describe results from an ongoing panchrom... | stellar drivers for atmospheric chemistry and evolution: uv exoplanet characterization from hubble to luvoir |
circumbinary planets (cbps) can provide valuable exoplanet laboratories regarding the effects of flux variation on habitability. because very few earth-analog cbps have been detected, we must numerically constrain which parameters are necessary for stable and potentially habitable circumbinary configurations. we presen... | constraining the long-term stability and habitability of circumbinary planets |
sister (starshade imaging simulation toolkit for exoplanet reconnaissance) provides unique and accurate imaging simulations of what telescopes with a starshade will be able to observe. we will show examples of direct imaging exoplanetary systems with e.g. wfirst, habex, and the orbiting starshade mission projects, toge... | sister: imaging exoplanets with starshade |
exoplanet direct imaging is currently a resource-intensive endeavor, typically requiring a great deal of time on world class ground based telescopes. in the future, next generation space telescopes capable of exoplanet direct imaging, such as the habitable exoplanet observatory (habex) and the large ultraviolet-optical... | orbital solutions for revisit optimization of directly imaged exoplanets |
recent results indicate that earth-sized planets orbiting within the habitable zone of sun-like stars are extremely common. the next generation of space telescopes aims to characterize the atmospheric state of such planets, in search of potential habitable conditions suitable for the development of life. direct imaging... | earth analogs in reflected light: on the importance of precursor information |
the upper atmospheres of exoplanets are subject to two important energy sources derived from the host star. first, the stellar photon flux in the euv and xuv ionizes and heats the upper atmosphere, driving atmospheric heating, affecting the conductance, and enhancing atmospheric escape.second, the stellar wind's intera... | drivers of atmospheric escape at close-in exoplanets |
in preparation for the astro2020 decadal survey, nasa has funded the thorough investigation of two space telescope design concepts - habex and luvoir - which would be capable of directly imaging dozens of earth-sized planets in the habitable zones of nearby stars (or "exo-earth candidates") (habex team 2019; luvoir tea... | identifying exo-earth candidates in direct imaging data through bayesian classification |
the recent discovery of seven earth-sized transiting planets orbiting the nearby cool dwarf star trappist-1 was one of the biggest discoveries in the short history of exoplanet science. these planets offer the first realistic opportunity to probe the atmospheres of potentially earth-like, habitable-zone rocky planets o... | reconnaissance of the keystone exoplanetary system around the cool dwarf lp 791-18 |
editors note:in these last two weeks of 2019, well be looking at a few selections that we havent yet discussed on aas nova from among the most-downloaded paperspublished in aas journals this year. the usual posting schedule will resume in january.a limited habitable zone for complex lifepublished june 2019main takeaway... | selections from 2019: habitable zone narrows for complex life |
in march 2016, the evryscope observed the first superflare from proxima centauri. the evryscope array of small optical telescopes recorded the superflare as part of an ongoing survey of all bright southern stars, monitored simultaneously at 2 minute cadence since 2015. evryscope flares act as probes of the space weathe... | evryscope flares as probes of the habitability of proxima b and the nearest rocky exoplanets |
the habitable exoplanet observatory mission (habex) is one of four missions under study for the 2020 astrophysics decadal survey. its goal is to directly image and spectroscopically characterize planetary systems in the habitable zone around nearby sun-like stars. additionally, habex will perform a broad range of gener... | habex: architecture a telescope design and performance prediction |
water is a key element for the existence of life as we know it, and plays a dominant role in planetary habitability discussions. speculations on unambiguous atmosphere biosignatures or models of the evolution of exoplanets are typically based on earth models - which is a natural first step to understand processes on po... | long-term evolution and habitability of rocky and water-rich planets |
tidally locked terrestrial planets around low-mass stars are the prime targets of finding potentially habitable exoplanets. several atmospheric general circulation models have been employed to simulate their possible climates, however, model intercomparisons showed that there are large differences in the results of the... | small sensitivity of the simulated climate of tidally locked aquaplanets to model resolution |
we present a vision of venus' climate history that places it and its exo-venus cousins in an 'optimistic venus zone' within the conventionally named 'venus zone,' and hence encourage the exoplanet community to seek out these possible habitable worlds. | possible climate histories of venus type worlds |
our current picture of exoplanet systems is quite blurry, with the search for and characterization of additional planets in partially explored systems still ongoing. to address this incomplete understanding, we developed dynamite (the dynamical multi-planet injection tester) to combine specific, incomplete information ... | an integrated analysis of multi-planet systems and predicting hidden planets |
molecular oxygen (o2) paired with a reducing gas is regarded as a promising biosignature pair for atmospheric characterization of exoplanets. in circumstances when o2 may not be detectable in a planetary atmosphere (for instance, in the ir wavelength region) it has been suggested that ozone (o3), the photochemical prod... | ozone as a proxy for molecular oxygen |
we observed a photometric transit of trappist-1b on the night of ut 2020 september 5 using the astrophysical research consortium telescope imaging camera (arctic) on the 3.5m astrophysical research consortium telescope at apache point observatory. we adopted the sdss filter using an exposure time of 18s in the 4x4 binn... | vizier online data catalog: ird and hpf spectra of trappist-1b,e and f (krishnamurthy+, 2021) |
today we stand on the cusp of characterizing potentially living worlds, or habitable planets, planets with orbits where liquid water would exist on a rocky surface. this concept of habitability implicitly assumes water in some form is present on rocky planets - but is it? more broadly are rocky planets generally "chemi... | making a habitable planet |
the long, detailed world of habitable planets has uprooted far more questions than has planted seeds of answers. as we push the boundaries for what we consider " habitable," we start to spiral into problems of what can and cannot be regarded as life-supporting. as we look for planets that are like the earth and regular... | a new approach to habitability using obliquity and compartmentalised habitable zones on planetary surfaces through vplanet and rocke 3d modelling. |
by detecting nearly 20000 solar-like pulsators, the space missions corot and kepler have tremendously enhanced our understanding of low-mass stars. the asteroseimic data collected by those space missions allowed us to determine precisely radii, masses and ages of stars, enabling us to observe the evolution of stars wit... | a (biased) perspective on solar-like pulsation of ms stars |
delivering a moderately sized optical telescope to the solar gravity lens (≥550 au from the sun) enables direct, multipixel (megapixel) imaging and high-resolution spectroscopy of a habitable earth-like exoplanet situated up to 100 light years. it is possible to achieve an amazing, kilometer-scale resolution on its sur... | mission concept for direct multipixel imaging and spectroscopy of exoplanets using the solar gravity lens |
as the upper atmospheres of the "habitable" exoplanets orbiting m-dwarfs are affected by more extreme environments than what solar system bodies experience, the observations of such exoplanets raise questions to the mass-loss mechanisms and the sustainability of their atmospheres. for the first time, we examine the los... | first study of photochemical escape from proxima centauri b |
planetary atmospheres are significantly governed by the host star's ultraviolet (uv) emission through photochemistry and photoevaporation and are best probed by uv spectroscopy where higher atomic and molecular opacities yield bigger signals. uv-scope (ultraviolet spectroscopic characterization of planets and their env... | exoplanet science drivers for the uv-scope midex mission concept |
superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors have excellent properties that make them strong candidates to serve nasa's scientific images, including high quantum efficiency, high speed, and low dark counts, with sensitivity from the uv to the mid-ir. yet their utility in major science missions is limited by challen... | scaling of single-photon sensor arrays through monolithic semiconductor superconductor integration |
the habitable exoplanet observatory has been designed to be the great observatory of the 2030s. we describe the science drivers, architectures, instrumentation and implementation, observing strategy, alternate design, technology readiness, cost and schedule, and potential partnerships. | the habitable exoplanet observatory (habex) |
as the number of confirmed exoplanets has increased, so too has the diversity in their physical parameters, namely their mass and radius. a common practice is to place these planets on a mass-radius diagram with various calculated density curves corresponding to some bulk composition. however, these lines don't necessa... | modeling the atmospheric contribution to the interior characterization of sub-neptunes and its effect on habitability |
on our search for habitable worlds, we have to account for explosive stellar flaring and coronal mass ejections (cmes) impacting exoplanets. these stellar outbursts are a double-edged sword. on the one hand, flares and cmes are capable of stripping off atmospheres and extinguishing existing biology. on the other hand, ... | stellar flares and habitable(?) worlds from the tess primary mission |
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