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in recent years, many different types of exoplanets have been discovered and understanding the conditions and chemical cycles present on these diverse worlds will be enable by the spectroscopic characterization their atmosphere. terrestrial-like exoplanets can contain many chemical species, yet only a few have the dist... | an initial exploration of the 3-d structure of terrestrial-like exoplanetary atmospheres orbiting around different parent star types |
nasa msfc has two funded strategic astrophysics technology projects to develop technology for potential future large missions: amtd and ptc. the advanced mirror technology development (amtd) project is developing technology to make mechanically stable mirrors for a 4-meter or larger uvoir space telescope. amtd is demon... | status of technology development to enable large stable uvoir space telescopes |
combining the recent results of the kepler mission on the abundance of small planets within the habitable zone with a drake-equation formalism i derive the space density of planets with surface water and biotic planets as a function of the yet unknown probabilities for the evolution of an earthlike atmosphere and biosp... | on the abundance of planetary water and exo-life after kepler |
molecular oxygen (o2) paired with a reducing gas is regarded as a promising biosignature pair for atmospheric characterization of terrestrial exoplanets. in circumstances when o2 may not be detectable in a planetary atmosphere (for instance, at mid-ir wavelengths) it has been suggested that o3, the photochemical produc... | is ozone a reliable proxy for molecular oxygen? |
seventy-five billion m dwarfs in our galaxy host at least one small planet in the habitable zone (hz). the stellar ultraviolet (uv) radiation from m dwarfs is strong and highly variable, and impacts planetary atmospheric loss, composition and habitability. these effects are amplified by the extreme proximity of their h... | monitoring the high-energy radiation environment of exoplanets around lowmass stars with sparcs (star-planet activity research cubesat) |
there is continued interest in the study of habitability for the gliese 581 system. previously, for gliese 581c, a quasi-consensus has been reached that this planet, a super-earth, is interior to the stellar habitable zone, akin to venus in the solar system. in this work, i revisit this view considering detailed result... | gliese 581c: habitability unlikely-but not hopeless either |
we report an analysis of the tess light curve of the nearby m dwarf gl 514 that was observed during sector 50. we search for a transit of the likely super-earth gl 514 b that was detected in 2022 in radial velocity data. the planet moves on an eccentric orbit that partly resides within the habitable zone of its host. a... | searching for the transit signal of the exoplanet gl 514 b in the tess photometry |
the exoplanet exploration program (exep) develops and manages nasa space science missions for detecting and characterizing exoplanets and searching for possible signatures of life. exep includes space missions, mission concept studies, technology investments, and ground-based science that directly support these objecti... | missions and technology in nasa's exoplanet exploration proram |
the huge number of exo-planets discovered so far show an unexpected diversity of planetary systems where most planets indicate eccentricity motion. since earth is still the only habitable planet we know and the planetary motion in our solar system is nearly circular we study possible constraints of habitability in case... | the habitability of eccentric planetary orbits |
accurate stellar properties are crucial for determining exoplanet characteristics. gaia dr2 presents revised distances, luminosities, and radii for 1.6 billion stars. here, we report the calculation of revised radii and densities for 320 non-kepler exoplanets using this data and present updated calculations of the inci... | vizier online data catalog: revised exoplanet radii from gaia dr2 (johns+, 2018) |
during a nasa phase ii sbir project the goodman technologies (gt) team developed and competed two advanced processes for producing large silicon carbide (sic) mirror substrates and structures, both processes which could ultimately be performed in the microgravity environment of space. the process of scale-up from phase... | 3d printed silicon carbide scalable to meter-class segments for origins space telescope |
in this thesis, i develop a new suite of tools to address two questions in exoplanet science: how common are earth-mass planets in the habitable zones of solar-type stars, and can we detect signs of life on other worlds?answering the first question requires a method for detecting earth-sun analogs. currently, the radia... | a toolbox for exoplanet exploration |
this is a book on planets: solar system planets and dwarf planets. and planets outside our solar system - exoplanets. how did they form? what types of planets are there and what do they have in common? how do they differ? what do we know about their atmospheres - if they have one? what are the conditions for life and o... | worlds beyond our own: the search for habitable planets |
a multitude of factors including the distance from the host star and the stage of planetary evolution affect planetary climate and habitability. the complex interactions between the atmosphere and dynamics of the deep interior of the planets along with stellar fluxes present a formidable challenge. this work employs si... | climatic evolution and habitability of terrestrial planets: perspectives from coupled atmosphere-mantle systems |
the presence of volcanism is often anecdotally used to define a "living planet". since dome-building volcanism on earth occurs primarily at plate boundaries, the identification of such domes could inform on exoplanetary development. lava domes form when extruded magma is too viscous to flow from a vent, and their morph... | a numerical modelling toolbox for identifying the expression of dome-forming volcanism on exoplanets |
small planets transiting bright nearby stars are essential to our understanding of the formation and evolution of exoplanetary systems. few of those constitute prime targets for atmospheric characterization, and even fewer are part of multiple star systems. in this context, tess has provided a wealth of interesting tra... | toi-4336.01: a mini-neptune ripe for atmospheric characterization in a nearby triple m-dwarf system |
introductionover the past two decades, ground- and space-based observations have unveiled thousands exoplanets and planetary systems around other stars in our galaxy. about 5000 exoplanets are currently confirmed, in large part detected as transits by the kepler and tess missions. launched in 2019, plato mission repres... | eos-estm: a flexible climate model for habitable exoplanets |
h i lyman alpha, the most sensitive probe of exoplanet upper atmospheres and escaping material, is generally unable to probe material bound to or weakly escaping from a planet because of severe attenuation from the interstellar medium in the line core. this attenuation hinders our understanding of atmospheric escape, a... | transit spectroscopy in the lyman alpha line core with a high velocity star: a new window into atmospheric escape |
toi-1728 was observed by transiting exoplanet survey satellite (tess) in sector 20 from 2019 december 24 to 2020 january 19 at two-minute cadence. we observed a transit of toi-1728b on the night of 2020 february 22 using the richard s. perkin telescope on the campus of hobart and william smith colleges (geneva, new yor... | vizier online data catalog: radial velocities of toi-1728 with hpf (kanodia+, 2020) |
if we want to understand magnetic reconnection in stars, as well as planet atmospheres and habitability (particularly around cool, active hosts), we have to understand stellar flares. as part of the cheops gto program, we are using the highest time cadence the cheops and tess space telescopes are capable of to probe wh... | low-amplitude, short-timescale photometric variability in a sample of m dwarf stars |
in the following, we have worked to develop a flexible "observability" scale of biologically relevant molecules in the atmospheres of newly discovered exoplanets for the instruments aboard nasa's next flagship mission, the james webb space telescope (jwst). we sought to create such a scale in order to provide the commu... | exploring jwst's capability to constrain habitability on simulated terrestrial tess planets |
jwst will be able to observe the atmospheres of rocky planets transiting nearby m dwarfs. a few such planets are already known (around gj1132, proxima cen, and trappist-1) and tess is predicted to find many more, including ~14 habitable zone planets. to interpret observations of these exoplanets' atmospheres, we must u... | the mega-muscles hst treasury survey |
while kepler discovered a large number of exoplanets close to their star, the lower detectability toward small planet radii and large orbital periods resulted in the detection of just one earth-size planet in the habitable zone of a solar analogue. hence, determining the frequency of habitable zone earth-size planets, ... | using tess to unearth the frequency of habitable zone earth-size planets |
in addition to the wide-field infrared survey telescope coronagraphic imager (wfirst cgi), which is currently scheduled for launch in the mid 2020s, there is an extensive, ongoing design effort for next-generation, space-based, exoplanet imaging instrumentation. this work involves mission concepts such as the large uv/... | multi-mission modeling for space-based exoplanet imagers |
the future habitable worlds observatory aims to characterize the atmospheres of rocky exoplanets around solar-type stars. the vector vortex coronagraph (vvc) is a main candidate to reach the required contrast of 10−10. however, the vvc requires polarization filtering and every observing band requires a different vvc. t... | laboratory demonstration of the triple-grating vector vortex coronagraph |
exoplanet researchers can model the emissions of exoplanet systems due to reflected and thermal light in detail. in addition, planetary scientists continually develop precise global climate models. these models depend on the illumination of the planet by its host star to estimate exoplanet parameters, such as temperatu... | exoplanet hyper illumination: analytical and numerical approaches |
the melting transition is critical to the earth's evolution and habitability, as the latent heat from solidification of the inner core helps drive the magneto-dynamo in the liquid outer-core, which creates a magnetosphere that protects earth's surface from harmful charged particles emitted from the sun. as thousands of... | measuring the melting curve of iron at super earth core conditions |
the study of planets around other stars has entered a science-rich era of characterization, in which detailed information about individual planets can be inferred from observations beyond mere detection, which only yields bulk properties like mass or radius. characterization probes more revealing quantities such as che... | hubble case studies of transiting giant exoplanets |
in order to directly image earth-like exoplanets (exoearths) orbiting sun-like stars, the habitable worlds observatory coronagraph instrument(s) will be required to suppress the starlight to raw contrasts of approximately 10−10 . coronagraphs use active methods of wavefront sensing and control (wfsc) such as pairwise p... | experimental demonstration of spectral linear dark field control at nasa's high contrast imaging testbeds |
this talk will describe the technology needs for space telescopes to directly image earth-size planets in the habitable zone of sun-like stars. direct imaging of faint, potentially terrestrial exoplanets begins with starlight suppression - the ability to block out the light from the target star and capture the reflecte... | technology needs for the direct imaging of exoplanets |
the aim of this study is to investigate the potential of habitability for 30 arietis, a quintuple stellar system located in the northern hemisphere. 30 ari consists of two f‑type main‑sequence stars and three m dwarfs. the system is highly hierarchical; it encompasses one super‑close binary and another binary of modera... | the quintuple system 30 arietis: comments on orbital stability and habitability |
binary stars have been largely left out of direct imaging surveys for exoplanets, specifically for earth-sized planets in their star's habitable zone. utilizing new direct imaging techniques brings us closer to being able to detect earth-like exoplanets around binary stars. in preparation for the upcoming wfirst missio... | bincat: a catalog of nearby binary stars with tools for calculating light-leakage for direct imaging missions |
as more and more potentially habitable exoplanets are discovered and the approaching opportunities to characterize them, the habitability of such planets is getting attention in the scientific community. planetary atmosphere stability and planet climate are 2 key issues regarding planet habitability. in recent years th... | mesoscale climate simulations of exoplanets in the habitable zone of m dwarfs and planet habitability |
the remarkable discovery of a system of three earth-sized potentially-habitable planets transiting the ultra-cool dwarf trappist-1 provides an unprecedented opportunity for detailed study of the atmospheres of terrestrial exoplanets. our analysis of an archival xmm-newton observation of the star revealed xuv radiation ... | uv irradiation of the earth-sized planets orbiting trappist-1 |
the coherent low-frequency radio emission detected by lofar from the quiescent m4.5 dwarf star gj 1151 is consistent with theoretical expectations of star-planet interactions for an earth-sized planet on a 1-5 day orbit. using precise near-infrared radial velocities (rvs) with the habitable-zone planet finder (hpf) on ... | a terrestrial-mass planet orbiting gj 1151: the possible source of coherent low-frequency radio emission from an inactive star |
upcoming missions, including the james webb space telescope, will soon characterize the atmospheres of terrestrial-type exoplanets in habitable zones around cool k- and m-type stars by searching for atmospheric biosignatures. recent observations suggest that the ionizing radiation and particle environment from active c... | from starspots to stellar coronal mass ejections—revisiting empirical stellar relations |
on our search for habitable worlds, we have to account for explosive stellar flaring and coronal mass ejections (cmes) impacting exoplanets' surface (or cloud) habitability. in fact, these stellar outbursts are a double-edged sword: on the one hand, flares and cmes are capable of stripping off atmospheres and extinguis... | stellar flares and habitable(?) worlds: tess years 1 & 2 |
to guide studies of the diversity of exoplanets we will someday encounter, we must consider the different environmental conditions and dominant biospheres that existed during earth's history. | earth is more than one planet: the many faces of earth history as analogs for habitable exoplanets |
methane is a promising gaseous biosignature on rocky exoplanets, given a suitable context. establishing the robustness of methane biosignatures on rocky exoplanets requires assessing potential "false positive" production pathways that could yield large fluxes of methane of abiotic origin. here we modeled the flux of ab... | a note on graphite hydrogenation as a source of abiotic methane on rocky planets: a case study for mercury |
i report on recent observations of exoplanet host stars with chandra and xmm. the number of known exoplanets were the single digits when chandra & xmm were launched. further, the effect of xuv photons on possible exoplanets had hardly been considered when chandra at that time. however it has become clear that in ma... | high energy diversity of exoplanet host stars |
in this paper we have investigated for three new undetected planets in kepler-186 system. in 2014 the fifth exoplanet kepler-186f, discovered in orbit of its star, kepler-186. all planets in this system are in the range of earth's size. of these planets which are owned by the kepler-186, the first earth-like planet and... | from earth to the first earth-like exoplanet located in the habitable zone of another star |
planets with high obliquity may widely exist in the universe in absence of a large moon. this type of planets have extremely strong seasonal variation, and receive more radiation in the polar regions than in low latitudes, and therefore, are expected to have drastically different climates from the earth-like low obliqu... | climate on high obliquity planet |
the past decade has opened our eyes on the unexpected and dramatic diversity of the physical properites of exoplanetary systems. the different planetaty architectures and physical planet properties argue for formation pathways that are in many ways different from the solar system's formation. the physical differences a... | earths in other solar systems: the formation of habitable zone earth-like planets with biocritical ingredients |
observation of the transmission spectra of exoplanets reveals information about the planetary system, the planet atmosphere and habitability. however prominent spectral features are often obscured. atmospheric haze has become the leading candidate for flattening of spectral transmission of exoplanetary occulation. wher... | modeling and simulation of exoplanetary atmospheric haze: spectroscopic muting |
geological processes are important for maintaining planetary habitability over long timescales, but these processes may be challenging to detect from a planet's spectrum across interstellar distances. this presentation will review different spectral signatures that may suggest volcanic activity or water-rock interactio... | the spectral signatures of geological activity |
the habitable-exoplanet imaging mission (habex) is a candidate flagship mission being studied by nasa and the astrophysics community in preparation for the 2020 decadal survey. the habex mission concept is a large ( 4 to 6.5m) diffraction-limited optical space telescope, providing unprecedented resolution and contrast ... | the habitable exoplanet imaging mission (habex) |
in the last few years, the astrochemistry has become an important and developing field of the exoplanetary science. there is a tight connection between the astrochemical research and the study of the conditions of planetary habitability, which is being a roundly developed field in the (exo) planetary science. our prese... | the carbon-rich composition and the planetary habitability |
life on earth emerged at the interface of the planet's geosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere. this setting serves as our basis for how biological systems originate on rocky planets. often overlooked, however, is the fact that a terrestrial-type planet's chemical nature is ultimately a product of the galaxy's long term ... | geoastronomy: rocky planets as the lavosier-lomonosov bridge from the non-living to the living world |
stellar flares and habitable(?) worlds from the tess primary missionon our search for habitable worlds, we have to account for explosive stellar flaring and coronal mass ejections (cmes) impacting exoplanets' surface (or cloud) habitability. these stellar outbursts are a double-edged sword. on the one hand, flares and ... | stellar flares and habitable(?) worlds from the tess primary mission |
a better understanding of the flux and polarization signals of the earth and their temporal variability is essential for the future characterization of earth-like exoplanets. we computed effects of earth's temporal and spatial variability on the total and polarized fluxes of reflected sunlight. these variations leave r... | colors of an earth-like exoplanet |
circumbinary planets (cbps) can provide valuable exoplanet laboratories regarding the effects of flux variation on habitability. because very few earth-analog cbps have been detected, we must numerically constrain which parameters are necessary for stable and potentially habitable circumbinary configurations. we presen... | constraining the long-term stability and habitability of circumbinary planets |
this paper consists of an analysis of the data obtained for the zone of habitability of binary systems. two systems of interest were analyzed by the program habitable zone in multiple star systems and later compared with the rebound software. | studying the formation of terrestrial exoplanet in habitable zone regions of binary systems |
signatures of life beyond earth continues with ongoing ground and space-based transmission spectroscopy campaigns to search for the biosphere of a temperate, earth-like exoplanet. jupiter's moon europa however, offers a distant vantage point beyond the canonical habitable zone where life may exist today, born in a tida... | ascent and escape of liquid saltwater on exo-europas orbiting at 1 au and beyond |
quantitative and definitive mineralogy is critical for elucidating the early history and evolution of venus, for comparative planetology, for deducing habitability on early venus, and for characterizing venus as a surrogate for venus-like exoplanets [1]. with regard to mineralogy, xrd - a direct crystallographic techni... | in situ mineralogical analysis of the venus surface with x-ray diffraction (xrd) |
we use new laboratory measurements to dramatically revise theoretical predictions of the concentrations of spectrally-active trace gases in co2-rich habitable exoplanet atmospheres, and eliminate a key o2 false positive scenario. we study the photochemistry of abiotic, habitable planets with anoxic co2-n2 atmospheres. ... | new near-uv h2o photoabsorption cross-sections dramatically affect photochemistry of anoxic abiotic rocky planet atmospheres |
the disintegrating ultra-short period exoplanet k2-22b offers us the opportunity to probe the interior composition of a rocky exoplanet for the first time. we propose to do so by measuring the transmission spectrum and phase curve of the dust evaporating from k2-22b using miri lrs slitless spectroscopy. we propose to o... | measuring the interior composition of a terrestrial planet |
we currently stand at a threshold: between the kepler and tess missions, we have nearly completed our inventory of nearby transiting planets in our neighborhood. the hubble and spitzer space telescopes, as well as dedicated ground-based efforts, have provided a taste of the diversity of their atmospheres. the largest a... | hazy views of nearby worlds: standing between two eras of exoplanet characterization |
our solar system has carried out three natural experiments (on venus, earth, and mars) spanning a wide range of boundary conditions that can affect atmospheric loss to space and climate change. the mars example is especially illuminating, given the compelling evidence for loss of a significant amount of gas to space; u... | atmospheric loss, climate change, and planetary habitability: mars, the terrestrial planets, and exoplanets |
m dwarfs are popular targets for modern surveys as they are the most numerous and longest-lived stars in the universe. their close habitable zones make them ideal candidates for finding exoplanets using typical planet-finding methods. being able to estimate the ages of m dwarfs is crucial; young m dwarfs produce high e... | an asteroseismic age for a solar type star in a wide binary with an m dwarf |
contributed talk at the plato mission conference 2021 "exploring exoplanets in the habitable zone of solar-like stars" (11 to 15 october 2021). | stellar space weather effects on habitable-zone planets |
the high-contrast imaging technique is poised to provide insights into those planets orbiting several astronomical units from their host star so that their equilibrium temperature is low enough to let different chemical and dynamical behavior emerge (e.g., condensation mechanism, cold trap effects, etc.) with respect t... | atmospheric characterization of temperate rocky planets through reflection spectroscopy |
the remarkable discovery of a system of three earth-sizedpotentially-habitable planets transiting the ultra-cool dwarftrappist-1 provides an unprecedented opportunity for detailed study ofthe atmospheres of terrestrial exoplanets. our analysis of an archivalxmm-newton observation of the star revealed xuv radiation that... | xuv irradiation of the earth-sized planets orbiting trappist-1 |
many earth-sized planets have already been discovered and some of them are potentially in the habitable zone. in addition, several earth-sized planets were recently detected around low temperature stars near the solar system. however, it is difficult to characterize them as earth-like or venus-like, even though they ar... | uvspex onboard wso-uv for the upper atmosphere and surface environments of earth-like exoplanets |
planetary systems evolve due to a myriad of processes, often non-linearly, which complicates simulating exoplanetary systems. the relevant physical processes have often been modeled and explored within sub-fields of science, so a universal model of planetary system evolution must unite theories developed in multiple sc... | vplanet: a simple model for planetary system evolution |
we use a specially designed climate model to track the onset of conditions suitable for the emergence of life in earth-like exoplanets. we apply this methodology to the best example of habitable earth-size exoplanet orbiting a sun-like star. | constraining the epoch of the potential emergence of life in exoplanets |
in the revised tess habitable zone catalog, kaltenegger et al. (2021) identified the 2-min tess target stars that were observed for sufficient duration over consecutive primary mission sectors to unambiguously capture a transit signature of planets orbiting in the habitable zone (hz). the catalog did not, however, iden... | detectability of transiting terrestrial planets in the habitable zone with tess |
one of the main goals of exoplanet surveys like the kepler mission is to find potentially habitable planets orbiting other stars. finding planets in a stars habitable zone, however, is easier when we know in advance where to look! a recent study has provided us with a starting point.defining the zonea habitable zone is... | where to look for habitability |
super-earth and mini-neptune type exoplanets are abundant in our galaxy yet have no solar system analogs. uncovering their mysteries will be an important stepping stone to understanding smaller, terrestrial planets with potential for habitability. accurate modeling of exoplanet atmospheres can help inform and constrain... | introducing swamp-e: shallow-water atmospheric model in python for exoplanets. |
polarised light detections from exoplanetary systems are becoming a viable approach to planet characterisation with recent (lucas 2009; berdyugina 2008 & 2011) possible detections of polarised light from exoplanets and new, highly sensitive polarimeters being built (bailey 2015). polarised light observations are ad... | polarimetry and biosignatures |
recently, resonant scattering absorption of meta-stable helium atoms at 10830 angstroms has been identified as a powerful probe to detect the extended exospheres from exoplanets. this near-infrared line is observable from the ground and unaffected by the interstellar medium, and has numerous advantages over conventiona... | probing exosphere of neptune size planets around m-dwarf using he10830 |
plato (planetary transits and oscillations of stars) is the cosmic vision programme m3 mission selected by the science programme committee (spc) for launch in 2026. the main goal of this mission is to detect terrestrial exoplanets in the habitable zone of solar-type stars and to characterize their bulk properties. to a... | blank test result analysis and correlation with thermal prediction in the framework of the plato cams tvac testing preparation for the em |
a major bottleneck for transiting exoplanet demographics has been the lack of precise properties for most of the observed stars, as the transit method measures exoplanet radii relative to their host's radii. we live in a golden era of host star characterization because of access to gaia data release 2 (dr2) photometry,... | precise demographics of kepler planets in the gaia era |
an exoplanet's habitability will depend strongly on the presence of liquid water. future flux and/or polarization measurements of starlight that is reflected by exoplanets could be used to identify exo-oceans. with numerical simulations of reflected starlight, we investigate which broadband spectral features in flux an... | blue, white and red ocean planets. simulations of orbital variations in flux and polarization colors. |
k-dwarfs make up ~12% of stars in the solar neighborhood and offer many benefits when it comes to rv detectability, future planetary characterization, and potential habitability. however, they often fall in an awkward middle ground in exoplanet surveys, which tend to focus on the brighter and more sun-like g-dwarfs, or... | sneak: searching for nearby exoplanets around k-dwarfs with neid |
miller and urey performed a ground-breaking experiment, in which they discovered that electric discharges through a low redox ratio gas of methane, ammonia, water vapor and hydrogen produced a variety of amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. since this experiment, there has been significant interest on the conn... | lightning and life on exoplanets |
m dwarf stars are excellent candidates around which to search for temperate, earth-sized planets. characterizing the uv spectral energy distribution of a planet's host star allows for the evaluation of the photochemical properties of the planetary atmosphere and the planet's potential habitability. molecules like oxyge... | how to predict the uv emission of an m dwarf |
we present preliminary results for the inner edge of the habitable zone (hz) around m and late k-stars, calculated from state of the art 3-d global climate models, the ncar community atmosphere model and flexible modeling system (fms) developed by the geophysical fluid dynamics. both 1-d and 3-d models show that, for a... | determining the inner edge of the habitable zone around m and late k-stars using 3-d climate models |
we investigate the optimal observational cadence for future direct imaging missions, similar to habex or luvoir, to determine the orbit of earth-like exoplanets. we generate simulated data from hypothetical planets orbiting nearby stars, with realistic measurement errors and a variety of observing cadences. we fit thes... | optimizing observing strategies to determine the orbits of habitable exoplanets for future direct imaging missions |
exoplanetary atmosphere retrievals gain more and more importance with every new discovered planet. due to the lack of prior information, the feasibility of such retrievals is widely unknown and primary limited by the number of transits (noise). with nonlinear least squares fitting and some model atmospheres, we quantit... | feasibility study for a retrieval from transit spectra of earth-like planets in the habitable zone |
in our search for "earth-like" planets, we have discovered more than 4000 exoplanets to date with the rate of discovery ever increasing in the current tess era. in the most idealistic case, we can learn much about an individual exoplanet: its radius, mass, orbital parameters and atmospheric composition. these observati... | finding "earth-like" exoplanets: an observationally-oriented exogeoscience perspective |
we’ve begun to perform laboratory experiments to investigate the habitability of temperate exoplanets around m-dwarf stars. this set of experiments allows us to obtain the rate of haze production and measure the physical and chemical properties of the haze produced in an atmospheric chamber, which simulates the high en... | atmospheric hazes of m-dwarf temperate planets |
in the quest for earth-sized exoplanets, m dwarfs are stars of increasing interest during the last two decades. their small sizes and masses as compared to our sun make them specially suitable targets to look for the signatures of planetary companions, as their habitable zones fall closer to their host star. despite be... | spectral energy distributions and luminosities of m dwarfs in the carmenes search for exoplanets |
the main goal of the plato mission is to detect and characterise exoplanets orbiting around bright solar-like stars, preferably close to the habitable zone. the psm is commit- ting to providing, thanks to plato's observations, determinations of mass, radius and age (mra) with respectively an accuracy of 15%, 2% and 10%... | the plato grid of stellar models: 1st generation |
what makes an exoplanet geophysically earth-like ? planetary elemental abundances govern mantle processes, and the nature of crust, atmosphere and hydrosphere. we must understand how differences in planet compositions arise and lead to different evolutionary tracks. discoveries of rocky worlds around other stars have i... | cosmochemically earth-like exoplanets |
in the upcoming decades, one of the primary objectives is to search for habitable planets and signs of extraterrestrial life in the universe. chemical imbalances in the atmospheres of terrestrial planets can indicate the presence of life. an example of such a biosignature is the thermal-dynamical or photochemical diseq... | assessing the feasibility of high-contrast direct imaging in near-infrared and low-spectra-resolution mode with extremely large telescope for atmosphere of rocky exoplanets |
epic, a polychromatic imaging camera onboard dscovr (deep space climate observatory) spacecraft has delivered nearly hourly observations of the entire sunlit face of the earth for a couple of years now. earlier work (marshak et al, 2017, grl) has shown that the unexpected bright flashes (glints) of light over ocean and... | terrestrial glints seen from the lagrangian point: clouds vs. oceans |
plato is the third medium class mission in esa's cosmic vision programme, with a planned launch date by end 2026. its main objective is the detection and bulk characterisation of exoplanets down to earth size, with emphasis on planets orbiting up to the habitable zone of bright solar-like stars. plato will study host s... | esa's plato mission: development status and upcoming milestones |
the purpose of the venera-d mission is a comprehensive study of venus, its atmosphere, surface, and surrounding plasma, in order to advance the answer to the questions of why is the sister planet venus so different from earth, and what lessons can we learn from the comprehension of the evolution processes of the venus ... | the venera-d mission for comprehensive study of venus |
in recent years, our knowledge about planetary systems has expanded in a way that could not have been foreseen when the first exoplanet was detected in 1995. despite this, today there are still several questions that we are trying to answer. in italy, most of the scientists working in this field cooperate inside the ga... | architecture of planetary systems with giant planets in outer orbits |
determining stellar fundamental properties is the basis for much of astrophysics. over the past century, scientific knowledge has progressed to the point that stellar mass, radius, effective temperature, and chemical composition can be measured from observables. age, however, is an extremely difficult property to measu... | a unified approach to m dwarf ages |
photochemistry is a fundamental process of planetary atmospheres integral to habitability and atmospheric evolution. to date, no direct detection of photochemical products has been confirmed in an exoplanet atmosphere, pre jwst era. in this talk, we present the first strong evidence of photochemisty menifested sulfur s... | direct evidence of photochemistry in an exoplanet atmosphere |
venus lays the foundation for studying terrestrial planet evolution and habitability, and interpreting the substantial amount of exoplanet data. | venus in the context of exoplanet demographics |
the climate of a planet can be strongly affected by its orbital eccentricity as a result of variations in the incident stellar flux (s). here we derive two analytical limits for the dependence of the inner edge of the habitable zone (ihz) on eccentricity: (1) the mean stellar flux approximation ($s_{ihz} \sim \sqrt{1-e... | the inner edge of the habitable zone for eccentric exoplanets |
in the last few decades, planetary science has broadened from a study focused primarily on documentation to one able to address more fundamental questions that recognize the complex, interconnected processes involved in the formation and evolution of planetary bodies. this has been especially true in the field of mars ... | mars: witness plate for planetary evolution |
the gmt-consortium large earth finder (g-clef) is an echelle spectrograph with precision radial velocity (prv) capability that will be a first light instrument for the giant magellan telescope (gmt). g-clef has a prv precision goal of 40 cm/sec (10 cm/s for multiple measurements) to enable detection of earth-like exopl... | advanced structural design for precision radial velocity instruments |
to date, weve discovered nearly 2000 confirmed exoplanets, as well as thousands of additional candidates. amidst this vast sea of solar systems, how special is our own? a new study explores the answer to this question.analyzing distributionsknowing whether our solar system is unique among exoplanetary systems can help ... | how normal is our solar system? |
the question "are we alone in the universe?" has been asked through the ages and is beginning to be addressed by deploying spacecraft and advanced observatories capable of detecting biological signatures. apart from the certainty that life exists on the earth, there is no clear evidence at the time of writing for extra... | rational ignorance in the search for extra-terrestrial life |
the james webb space telescope (jwst) will transform our understanding of planet structure, dynamics, chemistry, and formation by obtaining high quality near-infrared and mid-infrared transmission and eclipse spectra of transiting planets at unprecedented precisions. jwst characterization of sub-jupiter mass planets wi... | clear and cloudy exoplanet forecasts for jwst: maps, retrieved composition, and constraints on formation with miri and nircam |
super-earth and super-venus exoplanets may have similar bulk compositions, but their surface conditions and mantle dynamics are vastly different. vigorous convection within their metallic cores may produce dynamos and thus magnetospheres if the total heat flow out of the core exceeds a critical value. earth has a core-... | energetic requirements for dynamos in the metallic cores of super-earth and super-venus exoplanets |
understanding the conditions and chemical cycles present on exoplanets is enabled by the spectroscopic characterization their atmosphere. terrestrial-like exoplanets contain only a few species that have the distinct spectral features and atmospheric abundance to be detectable. o2 can be produced abiotically by photolys... | venus as an exoplanet: an initial exploration of the 3-d structure of a co2 exoplanetary atmosphere around an m-dwarf star type |
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