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the purpose of this paper is to address the question: using our knowledge of infrared planetary spectroscopy, what can we learn about the atmospheres of exoplanets? in a first part, a simplified classification of exoplanets, assuming thermochemical equilibrium, is presented, based on their masses and their equilibrium ... | from solar system to exoplanets: what can we learn from planetary spectroscopy? |
a new perspective for studying earth processes has been soundly demonstrated by the deep space climate observatory (dscovr) mission. for the past 6 years, the first earth-observing satellite orbiting at the lagrange 1 (l1) point, the dscovr satellite has been viewing the planet in a fundamentally different way compared... | lagrange point missions: the key to next generation integrated earth observations. dscovr innovation |
the polarization state of starlight reflected by a planetary atmosphere uniquely reveals coverage, particle size, and composition of aerosols as well as changing cloud patterns. it is not possible to obtain a comparable level of detail from flux-only observations. it is therefore a powerful tool to better understand th... | spectropolarimetry as a tool for understanding the diversity of planetary atmospheres |
knowledge of both the mass and radius of an exoplanet allows us to estimate its mean density, and therefore its composition. exoplanets seem to fill a very large parameter space in terms of mass and composition, and unlike the solar-system’s planets, exoplanets also have intermediate masses (∼5-50 {{m}\oplus }) with va... | methane planets and their mass-radius relation |
a statistical analysis using a long-term (over one solar cycle) photoelectron data set obtained by the fast auroral snapshot satellite demonstrates that photoelectron outflows has little impact on the polar wind ion flux. this result implies that it is the source region of h+ ions in the topside ionosphere and not the ... | limited impact of escaping photoelectrons on the terrestrial polar wind flux in the polar cap |
we present a theoretical analysis of formation and kinetics of hot oh molecules in the upper atmosphere of mars produced in reactions of thermal molecular hydrogen and energetic oxygen atoms. two major sources of energetic o considered are the photochemical production, via dissociative recombination of o2+ ions, and en... | non-thermal production and escape of oh from the upper atmosphere of mars |
determining wavelength-dependent exoplanet radii measurements is an excellent way to probe the composition of exoplanet atmospheres. in light of this, borsa et al. (2016) sought to develop a technique to obtain such measurements by comparing ground-based transmission spectra to the expected brightness variations during... | a cautionary tale: limitations of a brightness-based spectroscopic approach to chromatic exoplanet radii |
pandora is a low-cost space telescope designed to measure the composition of distant transiting planets. the pandora observatory is designed with the capability of measuring precision photometry simultaneously with nearinfrared spectroscopy, enabling scientists to disentangle stellar activity from the subtle signature ... | the pandora smallsat: a mission to spectroscopically study exoplanet atmospheres |
the thirty meter telescope (tmt) is expected to reveal the birth of galaxies, planetary surfaces and even the atmospheric composition of exoplanets. the tmt is an optical infrared reflecting telescope that uses very large hydrostatic bearings in the drive units. high precision is required for the sliding surface of the... | high precision machining in tmt (thirty meter telescope) structure manufacturing |
high sensitivity spectroscopy of astronomical targets is used for determining stellar radial velocities, exoplanet detection, and even exoplanet atmosphere sensing. however, high resolution spectrographs are bulky, highly complex and expensive instruments. while this bulk optical approach is versatile, fiber optic phot... | on-sky demonstration of astrophotonic fiber fabry-pérot correlation spectroscopy |
with more than 3,700 planets beyond our solar system unveiled, and many thousands waiting to be discovered in the upcoming years, the three extremely large telescopes will dramatically advance the study of the composition, dynamics, and the structure of exoplanet atmospheres in the next decade. the unprecedented size o... | exoplanet research in the era of the extremely large telescope (elt) |
we demonstrate the effectiveness of the exoplanet characterisation observatory mission concept for constraining the atmospheric properties of hot and warm gas giants and super earths. synthetic primary and secondary transit spectra for a range of planets are passed through echosim [13] to obtain the expected level of n... | exoplanet atmospheres with echo: spectral retrievals using echosim |
the mmt adaptive optics exoplanet characterization system (maps) is an exoplanet characterization program that encompasses instrument development, observational science, and education. the instrument we are developing for the 6.5m mmt observatory is multi-faceted, including a refurbished 336-actuator adaptive secondary... | status update for maps, the mmt ao exoplanet characterization system |
the high sensitivity and broad wavelength coverage of the james webb space telescope will transform the field of exoplanet transit spectroscopy. transit spectra are inferred from minute, wavelength-dependent variations in the depth of a transit or eclipse as the planet passes in front of or is obscured by its star, and... | exoplanets with jwst: degeneracy, systematics and how to avoid them |
our current understanding of the evolution of exoplanet atmospheres predicts the existence of a so-called 'hot-neptune desert' - a dearth of neptune-mass planets with orbital periods less than four days, and this prediction has so far been borne-out by observations. the discovery of ltt 9779b, a roughly two neptune-mas... | unravelling the mysteries of ltt 9779 b - studying clouds that shouldn't exist on a planet that shouldn't exist |
we present results from high-pressure and high-temperature experiments on mixtures of sic and sio2 to explore the stability of sic in the presence of oxygen-rich silicates at planetary mantle conditions. we observe no evidence of the ambient pressure predicted oxidation products, co or sio, resulting from oxidation rea... | sio2-sic mixtures at high pressures and temperatures: implications for planetary bodies containing sic |
young transiting exoplanets (<100 myr) provide crucial insight into atmospheric evolution via photoevaporation. however, transmission spectroscopy measurements to determine atmospheric composition and mass loss are challenging due to the activity and prominent stellar surface inhomogeneities present on young stars. ... | h-alpha and ca ii infrared triplet variations during a transit of the 23 myr planet v1298 tau c |
two observatories under consideration in the 2020 decadal survey include coronagraphs for characterizing the atmospheric composition of exoplanets. the telescope in those observatories must provide a wavefront that is stable to the picometer level for the coronagraph to provide enough starlight rejection to capture lig... | extreme dimensional stability thermal control test |
astronomical surveys have discovered thousands of transiting exoplanets, revealing that rocky planets are common in the galaxy. a planet's interior chemistry is frequently inferred by average density, described by mass-radius (m-r) relationships. however, m-r relationships give rise to non-unique interpretations of a p... | experimental constraints on solid nitride phases in rocky mantles of reduced planets and implications for observable atmosphere compositions |
spectroscopy of light that is transmitted through an exoplanet's atmosphere during transit can reveal the composition of that atmosphere via atomic and molecular absorption features, and cloud/aerosol properties via scattering and/or absorption. other atmospheric properties such as temperature can also be deduced from ... | transit spectroscopy |
routine photometric monitoring at near-ultraviolet wavelengths (< 400 nm) is compromised from the ground due to highly variable atmospheric transmission and cloud cover. the gluv project will mount a modest sized telescope (200 mm primary) on a series of long-duration high-altitude balloon flights. the wide field ca... | gluv: a balloon-borne high-cadence ultraviolet monitoring telescope for supernova shock breakouts and exoplanet atmospheres |
large transit surveys have shown that small planets are abundant. the compositions of these planets are of particular interest as they span the transition between small rocky planets (super-earths) and intermediate-sized planets with volatile envelopes (sub-neptunes). the limiting factor on measuring small exoplanet ma... | mitigating stellar activity in radial velocity analyses to determine the physical parameters of six exoplanet systems |
the majority of exoplanets found to date have been discovered via the transit method, and transmission spectroscopy represents the primary method of studying these distant worlds. currently, in-depth atmospheric characterization of transiting exoplanets entails the use of spectrographs on large telescopes, requiring si... | on the utility of transmission color analysis i: differentiating super-earths and sub-neptunes |
the nancy grace roman space telescope, to be launched in 2025, will directly image exoplanets in reflected starlight for the first time. this observing technique will enable the study of a population of exoplanets whose atmospheres cannot be characterized with current techniques. previous works have analysed the possib... | reflected-starlight phase curves: an observing strategy to constrain the radius and atmospheric properties of directly imaged exoplanets |
recent kepler data has shown that the radius distribution of small, close-in exoplanets is bimodal. such bimodality was expected from photoevaporation models of close-in super-earths, where some planets are stripped of their primordial h/he atmospheres, whilst others retain them. we present a hierarchical inference mod... | unveiling the planet population at birth |
an understanding of planetary histories and characteristics requires an empirical connection between planet formation and evolved planets---a long-sought goal of astrophysics and planetary science. this connection is now increasingly possible due to simultaneous revolutions in the observations of protoplanetary disks a... | microphysics of protoplanetary disks and exoplanet atmospheres |
it is well established that any properly conducted biophysical studies of proteins must take appropriate account of solvent. for water-soluble proteins it has been an article of faith that water is largely responsible for stabilizing the fold, a notion that has recently come under increasing scrutiny. further, there ar... | the fate of proteins in outer space |
we use a model of aerosol microphysics to investigate the impact of high-altitude photochemical aerosols on the transmission spectra and atmospheric properties of close-in exoplanets, such as hd209458b and hd189733b. the results depend strongly on the temperature profiles in the middle and upper atmosphere that are poo... | aerosol properties in the atmospheres of extrasolar giant planets |
this phd thesis details the development of a new 1d ionospheric model to describe the upper atmospheres of extrasolar giant plants. the upper atmospheres of hot jupiters are subject to extreme radiation conditions that can result in rapid atmospheric escape. the composition and structure of these planets' upper atmosph... | modelling the upper atmosphere of gas-giant exoplanets irradiated by low-mass stars |
planetary atmospheres exist in a seemingly endless variety of physical and chemical environments. there are an equally diverse number of methods by which we can study and characterize atmospheric composition. in order to better understand the fundamental chemistry and physical processes underlying all planetary atmosph... | analyses of planetary atmospheres across the spectrum: from titan to exoplanets |
the atmospheres of planets close to their host stars live a tenuous existence. new observations from the hubble space telescope show signs of a neptune-like exoplanets atmosphere being eroded away.evaporation at worksmall planets observed to orbit closely around their host star fall into two main populations:those with... | exploring the escaping atmosphere of hat-p-11b |
the atmospheres of planets orbiting other stars (exoplanets) are windows into their chemical composition and physical properties. for a planet that orbits closely to its star, the intense stellar irradiation can induce substantial atmospheric loss, a phenomenon that can be detected if the planet is transiting through a... | escaping atmospheres of extrasolar planets |
the diagnostic potential of the spectral signatures of raman scattering, imprinted in planetary albedo spectra at short optical wavelengths, has been demonstrated in research on planets in the solar system, and has recently been proposed as a probe of exoplanet atmospheres, complementary to albedo studies at longer wav... | how does the shape of the stellar spectrum affect the raman scattering features in the albedo of exoplanets? |
we report on laboratory simulation experiments mimicking the chemical processing of model atmospheres of exoplanets containing c3 and c4 hydrocarbons at moderate temperatures of 400 k upon interaction of catalytic surfaces of micrometeoroids. by utilizing an ultrasonic levitator device and heating singly levitated part... | toward the formation of carbonaceous refractory matter in high temperature hydrocarbon-rich atmospheres of exoplanets upon micrometeoroid impact |
this work presents esi-orbitrap mass spectrometry results of synthetic exoplanetary organic aerosols. the diversity of detected stoichiometric formulas in samples reveals some major difference into the nitrogen and oxygen incorporation, strongly correlated with the initial gas mix composition and especially with the ca... | orbitrap mass spectrometry of synthetic exoplanetary particles |
exoplanet properties depend on how well the host star is characterized. for instance, the stellar atmospheric parameters (i.e., effective temperature, surface gravity and overall metallicity) are needed to derive the stellar mass and radius by using evolutionary stellar models or empirical calibrations. i studied how t... | how uncertainties on stellar atmospheric parameters impact exoplanet studies? |
wasp-117b is an unique exoplanet as it's elliptical orbit causes the temperature of the atmosphere to cross the 970 k temperature boundary, which separates the disequilibrium and equilibrium chemistry regime. due to the long orbital period (10.022 days) compared to chemistry and dynamical time scales and due to the orb... | now you see me - the wasp-117b version |
planet formation models predict that the heavy element content of exoplanetary atmospheres reflects their region of formation and their accretion histories. in the solar system, atmospheric metallicity appears to be inversely correlated with planet mass, but it is unclear whether or not this is a universal correlation.... | a metallicity and cloud survey of exoplanetary atmospheres prior to jwst |
the recent discovery of the transiting young (45 myr) planet ds tuc a b around a bright and nearby solar-type star provides a unique opportunity to study the role of atmospheric escape in the early lives of warm neptunes. one of the explanations for the lack of hot neptune-sized planets is atmospheric escape, which is ... | atmospheric escape in the young transiting planet ds tuc a b |
two planets around the pre-main sequence m dwarf au mic have recently been detected, including the hot, 6 earth radius au mic b. au mic thus joins the small number of known young planetary systems, and the even smaller number of planets that co-exist with debris disks. au mic b is the only planet in a young stellar ass... | a deep look into the atmosphere of an exoplanet around a pre-main sequence star |
exo-transmit calculates the transmission spectrum of an exoplanet atmosphere given specified input information about the planetary and stellar radii, the planet's surface gravity, the atmospheric temperature-pressure (t-p) profile, the location (in terms of pressure) of any cloud layers, the composition of the atmosphe... | exo-transmit: radiative transfer code for calculating exoplanet transmission spectra |
hst has played the definitive role in the characterization of exoplanets and from the first planets available, we have learned that their atmospheres are incredibly diverse. the large number of transiting planets now available has prompted a new era of atmospheric studies, where wide scale comparative planetology is no... | the panchromatic comparative exoplanetary treasury program |
we present transit transmission spectroscopy of hot sub-jupiter wasp-6 b with mosfire, a near infrared multi-object spectrograph at w. m. keck observatory. these k-band spectra offer a window into exoplanet atmospheres at wavelengths sensitive to absorption by methane and carbon monoxide but not water, providing a pote... | exoplanet transmission spectroscopy in the near infrared with keck/mosfire |
clouds are ubiquitous in the atmospheres of exoplanets. however, as most of these planets have temperatures between 600 and 2000 k, their clouds are likely composed of exotic condensates such as salts, sulfides, silicates, and metals. treatment of these clouds in current exoplanet atmosphere models do not consider the ... | microphysics of kcl and zns clouds on gj 1214 b |
nasa's k2 mission is capable of finding planets as small as the earth around bright, nearby stars. these targets are well-suited for jwst follow-up to study their density and atmospheric composition. such observations will yield a better understanding of the difference between rocky and gaseous planets, particularly ho... | dave: discovery and vetting of k2 exoplanets |
hazy exoplanets may be common (bean et al. 2010, sing et al. 2011, kreidberg et al 2014), and in our solar system, venus and titan have photochemically-produced hazes. there is evidence that earth itself had a hydrocarbon haze in the archean (zerkle et al. 2012, domagal-goldman et al. 2008) with important climatic effe... | hazy archean earth as an analog for hazy earthlike exoplanets |
the carbon-to-oxygen ratio, c/o, is often touted as a tracer of the formation location of a giant planet. to determine if this hypothesis is true, and interpret or predict the elemental composition of any planet reliably, we require an understanding of the composition of planet-forming gas and solids. in parallel with ... | you are what you eat: the elemental composition of disks and planets |
the transiting exoplanet survey satellite (tess) is an mit-led nasa mission that will spend two years searching for transiting exoplanets via an all-sky survey that starts in the southern hemisphere. launched in 2018 april, tess is expected to discover thousands of earth- to neptune-sized planets, and over ten thousand... | tess science and follow-up in the southern hemisphere |
sub-neptunes (exoplanets smaller than neptune yet substantially larger than earth) are some of the most abundant planets, but the makeup of their interiors and atmospheres compositions are not yet well known. the bulk interior makeup (as determined from mass and radius) is inherently degenerate, but the atmospheric com... | the chemical compositions of sub-neptune atmospheres |
magma can affect exoplanet atmosphere composition both through the effect of magma redox on volatile partitioning, and via temporary (or permanent) sequestration of volatiles dissolved in the magma. magma matters for atmosphere composition on sub-neptunes. for example, depending on magma redox state, most h on mini-nep... | origin of the atmospheres of exoplanet sub-neptunes and super-earths |
exoplanets with relatively clear atmospheres are prime targets for detailed studies of chemical compositions and abundances. alkali metals have long been suggested to exhibit broad wings due to pressure broadening, but most of the alkali detections only show very narrow absorption cores, which probably hints the presen... | search for alkali metals in the atmospheres of low-density exoplanets |
exoplanets increase significantly the parameter space span by solar-system planets in terms of mass, radius, composition, irradiation and internal heat flow. they are a fantastic opportunity to test the universality of mechanisms that are proposed as ad-hoc explanations to the specificities of our solar-system planets.... | exoplanets atmospheres from ultra hot to warm giants |
planets in the radii-range between neptune and saturn (r = 4-9.1 r⊕) are important probes of the gas accretion phase of planet formation. during this short formation stage isolated cores are growing by accreting the surrounding gas in the proto-planetary disk (pollack et al. 1996, helled et al. 2014). the growth-rate w... | transition between ice and gas giants explored with tess and radial velocity follow-up |
super-earths are the single most common type of extrasolar planet, and also one of the least well-understood. we expect these planets could form with a broad range of bulk compositions, including true "super-earths" with primarily rocky interiors, "water worlds" with a supercritical interior surrounded by a steam atmos... | exploring the diversity of exoplanet atmospheres in the super-earth regime |
upcoming space missions such as cheops, tess, and plato will bring exoplanetary characterization to the next level with the aim of constraining the planetary composition. our analysis to determine the threshold radii for various compositions of small exoplanets. * we confirm that most planets with radii larger than 1.6... | threshold radii for water worlds and neptune-like planets |
the atmospheric remote-sensing infrared exoplanet large-survey (ariel) is one of the three candidate missions selected by the european space agency (esa) for its next medium-class science mission due for launch in 2026. the goal of the ariel mission is to investigate the atmospheres of several hundreds planets orbiting... | ariel - atmospheric remote-sensing infrared exoplanet large-survey |
clouds and hazes are ubiquitous in the atmospheres of exoplanets. however, as most of these planets have temperatures between 600 and 2000 k, their clouds and hazes are likely composed of exotic condensates such as silicates, metals, and salts. we currently lack a satisfactory understanding of the microphysical process... | microphysics of exoplanet clouds and hazes |
i present spitzer eclipse observations for wasp-14b and wasp-43b, an open source tool for thermochemical equilibrium calculations, and components of an open source tool for atmospheric parameter retrieval from spectroscopic data. wasp-14b is a planet that receives high irradiation from its host star, yet, although theo... | observations and thermochemical calculations for hot-jupiter atmospheres |
the only near-surface temperature/pressure profile of the atmosphere of our twin planet, venus, was obtained in 1985 by the vega-2 lander. the handful of other probe missions have very limited vertical resolution, or sensor failures in the lowest few km. unlike altitudes above 40km, which have been relatively well-surv... | venus atmospheric structure investigation (vasi) on the davinci probe |
the technique of transmission spectroscopy — the variation of the planetary radius with wavelength due to opacity sources in the planet's terminator region — has been to date one of the most successful in the characterization of exoplanet atmospheres, providing key insights into the composition and structure of these d... | towards weather constraints on the mornings and evenings of distant exoplanets |
relatively little is understood about the atmospheric composition of middling size exoplanets, sub-neptunes. although being one of the most common planets observed [1], a subclass of these exoplanets have long eluded atmospheric characterization for their uncharacteristically flat spectra observed from the hubble space... | cleaning our hazy and cloudy lens on sub-neptune exoplanets |
the twinkle space mission is a space-based observatory that has been conceived to measure the atmospheric composition of exoplanets, stars and solar system objects. the satellite is based on a high-heritage platform and will carry a 0.45 m telescope with a visible and infrared spectrograph providing simultaneous wavele... | twinkle: a low-earth orbit, visible and infrared observatory for exoplanet and solar system spectroscopy |
we now know that thousands of alien worlds exist within our local neighbourhood; but only 100s that have the necessary observational properties to begin to characterize their atmospheres with our existing technology — especially to diagnose their molecular compositions and aerosol properties. because of it's observatio... | non-uniform and non-reflective clouds in the atmosphere of wasp-43b |
photolysis of co2 in co2-dominated atmospheres could potentially generate large amounts of abiotic o2 in exoplanetary contexts (e.g., gao et al., 2015). interestingly, ground-state o2 has never been observed on venus, despite high co2 photolysis rates in the upper atmosphere (trauger & lunine, 1983; krasnopolsky, 2... | abiotic oxygen on the atmospheres of venus-like exoplanets |
the transiting exoplanet survey satellite has delivered over a thousand candidate transiting exoplanets in its first year of operations, dozens of which have observational baselines of greater than six months, and over a hundred have multiple planet candidates. several of these multi-candidate systems are near the 2:1 ... | constraining tess planet masses with transit-timing variations |
characterisation of exoplanets is key to understanding their formation, composition and potential for life. however, detecting their glint drown in the overwhelming star glare is challenging. nulling interferometry, combined with extreme adaptive optics, is among the most promising techniques to address it and advance ... | revealing new worlds from darkness: glint |
the cycling of volatiles during volcanic eruptions reflects plate tectonic processes and maintains an atmosphere that supports the evolution of life. this work addresses the transport of carbon and water beneath the thickest continental crust, as recorded in peridotite and pyroxenite xenoliths in mildly alkaline lavas ... | fluid transport in earth's mantle: insights from harrat uwayrid, saudi arabia |
the current inventory of exoplanet observations provide information for the composition and temperature conditions of these environments. moreover they indicate that hazes can be an important component of their atmospheres. from studies on solar system atmospheres (e.g. titan) it is well established that the presence o... | implications of hazes in observations of exoplanet atmospheres |
the aeronomy hydrodynamic simulation salz et al. (2016) has shown that the warm neptune gj 3470b should have one of the largest mass loss rates due to its low mass, close orbit and relatively high activity of the host star. the lyα observation of gj 3470b reported in bourrier et al. (2018) revealed large absorption dep... | global 3d hydrodynamic modeling of gj3470b and transit absorption in lyα and he 10830 a lines |
nasa's transiting exoplanet survey satellite (tess) mission will furnish a large number of small, rocky planets for atmospheric study. the majority of these planets will orbit m dwarfs (stars half the mass of the sun or smaller). indeed, one of the first planet discoveries from the mission is of an m dwarf only 15 pc a... | linking m-dwarf planet composition and orbital dynamics through n-body simulations |
the atmospheres of small, potentially rocky exoplanets are expected to cover a diverse range in composition and mass. studying such objects therefore requires flexible and wide-ranging modeling capabilities. we present in this work the essential development steps that lead to our flexible radiative transfer module, red... | consistently simulating a wide range of atmospheric scenarios for k2-18b with a flexible radiative transfer module |
the composition of several exoplanet atmospheres has been largely debated with contrasting results in the literature. low- and high-resolution spectroscopy offer complementary views, although sometimes appear to be in sparkling contrast. we present a new approach to simultaneously model low- and high-resolution observa... | synergies between low- and high-resolution spectroscopy of exoplanet atmospheres |
one can now attempt to determine the abundances of key species in the atmospheres of exoplanets, in particular hot jupiters. in parallel, the knowledge of the densities of these exoplanets informs us on their bulk composition in terms of amounts of dense material (rocks and ices) compared to light ones (hydrogen and he... | internal structures and compositions of giant (exo)planets |
we are now in an era of exoplanet characterization. exoplanets are being intensively studied to measure the abundances of water and other metals in their atmospheres in order to place constraints on the location of their origin within a disk. inflated sub-saturn-mass planets bridge the divide between super-earths and j... | testing the hypothesis of a low metallicity atmosphere for the extremely inflated sub-saturn-mass planet kelt-11b |
we present the second generation of rocke-3d (resolving orbital and climate keys of earth and extraterrestrial environments with dynamics), the generalized 3-dimensional general circulation model (gcm) for use in solar system and exoplanetary simulations of rocky planet climates. rocke-3d version 2.0 is a descendant of... | rocke-3d 2.0: an updated general circulation model for simulating the climates of rocky planets |
we use a statistical analysis to determine the characteristic maximum radii ("threshold radii") for various compositions for exoplanets with masses up to 25 earth masses. we constructed a series of planetary models in order to characterize exoplanets by their compositions. our models correspond to homogeneous earth-lik... | threshold radii of volatile-rich planets |
under the core accretion model of planet formation, giant planets are valuable records of the disks that they formed in. for my thesis work, i applied bayesian statistics to the study of giant exoplanet populations to better understand their composition, formation history, and thermal processes. i began with the cool g... | bayesian inference of giant exoplanet physics |
astronomy has rapidly progressed from the first discovery of an extrasolar planet less than two decades ago to today's age of abundant exoplanet characterization observations. however, interpretation of these observations remains challenging. resolved spectra of exoplanets, particularly in the infrared, where strong fe... | transits and occultations of hot jupiters |
lessons derived from studies of our solar system giant planets are described in the context of exoplanet atmospheres. | exoplanet atmospheric chemistry and composition: some lessons learned from solar-system giant planets |
one of the most profound findings from nasa's kepler mission is the unexpected dearth of close-in planets of sizes 1.5 to 2.0 earth radii, i.e., a radius valley. this valley divides the population of the most abundant class of planets yet known, those between the sizes of earth and neptune, into (1) super-earths (se): ... | unraveling the origin of super-earths and sub-neptunes |
the search for exoplanets is a new-born field of astrophysics, whose importance can be hardly overstated. currently, more than 5000 planets (or candidates) have been discovered and even more are expected in the near future with the launch of new generation space facilities. in this framework, where new data are about t... | magrathea cross section database |
in this dissertation talk, i discuss new science capabilities enabled by the latest generation of adaptive optics systems in the context of faint companion detection and characterization. i address two regimes of adaptive optics: 1) extreme-ao systems that are combined with coronagraphs to detect companions many times ... | emerging science capabilities of modern adaptive optics systems for exoplanet and stellar astrophysics |
planetary ionospheres undergo many changes at dawn and dusk due to both photochemical and transport processes. the relative importance of these different processes vary depending on a variety of factors, including the amount of solar radiation, the composition of the thermosphere, and the characteristics of any local m... | comparison of terrestrial and martian tec at dawn and dusk during solstices |
titan is currently unique in many ways: it is a rocky/terrestrial planet outside the snow line of the solar system but with a thick atmosphere; that atmosphere exhibits cycles of evaporation and precipitation, an optically thick haze, and a reducing chemical composition. as such, titan serves as an example of potential... | study of barnard\'s star b as an analog for "titan-like" exoplanets |
the provenance of planets 1.5 - 2 times the size of the earth is one of the biggest unresolved mysteries from the kepler mission. determining the nature and origins of these exoplanets relies not only on measuring their radii, but also requires knowledge about their masses, atmospheric compositions, and interior struct... | rocky or not, here we come: bridging the fulton gap with k2-21b+c |
in astrobiology, we propose to adapt the geant4 monte carlo package, developed by cern, to simulate the effects of the stellar radiation fields on exoplanet atmospheres, and explore the possibility of dna-based biosignatures and lifeforms. stellar spectral profiles from cool dwarfs will be subject to quasi-monochromati... | monte carlo simulations of biophysical factors for viability of life in exoplanetary atmospheres |
major problems in quantum molecular physics, such as quantum modeling of chemical dynamics and studying atmospheres of hot exoplanets, pose prohibitive computational challenges that are at the forefront of research efforts in numerical analysis and scientific computing. in particular, it is often required in these appl... | spectral and active learning for enhanced and computationally scalable quantum molecular dynamics |
to date, we have confirmed ~5000 exoplanets yet have only studied ~100 of their atmospheres spectroscopically. the near-infrared (nir) is one of the most important wavelength ranges to characterize atmospheric composition, yet we do not have a way to routinely obtain precise broadband spectra beyond building space-base... | henrietta: a novel ground-based spectrograph to routinely characterize exoplanet atmospheres |
irradiated exoplanet atmospheres, with their hot day sides and eternally dark night sides, are intrinsically three-dimensional and highly dynamical. vigourous atmospheric motions are expected to mix the atmosphere, reducing potential chemical variations with longitude. day-side photochemistry, on the other hand, would ... | exploring disequilibrium chemistry in exoplanet atmospheres with a grid of pseudo-2d photochemical models |
the interpretation of general trends in exoplanet atmospheres is challenging because they exhibit a wide range of diverse properties in terms of composition, structure, and overall atmospheric physics. in this context exoplanet's in extreme regimes can help to understand global planetary properties. in this project, we... | extreme exoplanets as a tool to understand trends in exoplanets atmospheres. |
the study of rocky, terrestrial exoplanets and their atmospheres has attracted increased interest in recent years, focusing especially on small planets orbiting m dwarfs whose properties can best be studied with existing observatories. in particular, the bulk (mineral) content of these planets and the extent to which t... | thermal emission from a terrestrial exoplanet reveals little or no atmosphere |
exoplanets provide excellent laboratories to explore novel atmospheric regimes; using observations coupled with microphysical models we can probe our understanding of the formation and evolution of planets beyond those in the solar system. however, clouds remain a key challenge in observation of exoplanet atmospheres, ... | modelling mineral snowflakes in the atmospheres of gas-giant exoplanets |
time-series photometry and spectroscopy of transiting exoplanets allow us to study their atmospheres. unfortunately, the required precision to extract atmospheric information surpasses the design specifications of most general purpose instrumentation. this results in instrumental systematics in the light curves that ar... | reliable extraction of transmission and emission spectra using deterministic and stochastic systematics models |
one of the fundamental questions for planetary science is how surfaces of other planets similar to the rocky bodies in our solar system look like. what is the rock structure like? will there be water? are there any active atmospheric cycles? how can we detect these different conditions? the current space missions and g... | from clouds to crust: cloud diversity and surface conditions in atmospheres of rocky exoplanets |
over the past years, huge progress has been made in understanding the bulk properties of sub-neptune and super-earth exoplanets. because hot and close-in planets are abundant in the exoplanet population, phase transitions in the interiors of small, dominantly rocky worlds have come into sharper focus. here, we use coup... | hidden water in molten exoplanets |
jwst is now delivering ultra-precise transmission spectra of exoplanet atmospheres over a significantly wider wavelength range than afforded by previous observations. this exceptional improvement in data quality will soon address science questions that were previously out of reach, including: what drives disequilibrium... | the detectability of multidimensional exoplanet atmospheres from jwst transmission spectra |
we present highlights from the end-to-end testing and integration of the colorado ultraviolet transit experiment (cute), a nasa-funded 6u cubesat designed to study the atmospheric composition and escape rates of short-period (p = 1-5 days) exoplanets. the cute science payload is comprised of a long-slit nuv spectrograp... | qualifying the cute small satellite to gaze at big exoplanets |
direct-imaging observations of exoplanets in reflected starlight are expected to be available this decade. this will improve our knowledge about cold and temperate exoplanets and their atmospheres. current theoretical efforts related to such planets aim to understand the effects that planet and atmospheric properties h... | directly imaged exoplanets in reflected starlight. the importance of knowing the planet radius |
an interplay of physical and chemical processes governs the composition of gaseous exoplanet atmospheres. in particular, modelling efforts have demonstrated that photochemical dissociation, vertical mixing, and day-night circulation are strong sources of disequilibrium chemistry, which potentially alter the molecular a... | as above, so below: connecting the upper and lower atmospheres of exoplanets via disequilibrium chemistry |
transmission spectroscopy of exoplanetary atmospheres is an extremely useful tool that can be used for understanding exoplanetary composition as well as potentially revealing star-planet interactions from radiation, magnetic fields, and more. the hot jupiter planet wasp-12b is interesting in that it is very close to it... | hobby-eberly telescope optical transmission spectroscopy of the hot jupiter wasp-12b |
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