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substantial silicate vapor is expected to be in chemical equilibrium at temperature conditions typical of the silicate-atmosphere interface of sub-neptune planets, which can exceed 5000 k. previous models of the atmospheric structure and evolution of these exoplanets, which have been used to constrain their atmospheric... | the importance of silicate vapor in determining the structure, radii, and envelope mass fractions of sub-neptunes |
exoplanets transiting bright stars are amenable to precise mass determination, opening up the potential for their detailed atmospheric characterization. however, exoplanets evolve under the influence of host stars with a broad range of ages and initial properties. this challenges conclusions regarding the direct relati... | towards comparative atmospheric characterization using multiplanetary systems from tess |
the fourth medium class esa mission atmospheric remote-sensing infrared exoplanet large-survey also known as ariel is dedicated to the study of exoplanets. the goal of this mission is to characterize the atmosphere of exoplanets to find out what they are made of, how they form and evolve. the satellite is composed of t... | ariel early engineering model h1rg ir detector: test bench description and first characterization results |
we are moving from an era of exoplanet discovery into an era of exoplanet characterization, but small (r < 1.5 rearth), potentially-rocky planets orbiting bright, nearby stars that are suitable for atmospheric characterization studies are relatively scarce. amongst these candidates for atmospheric characterization i... | confirming a tentative detection of an atmosphere around a potentially rocky planet |
observational characterization of exoplanets yields important insights into their composition and atmospheric chemistry. in particular, high-resolution spectroscopy, when combined with the cross-correlation technique, is a powerful and robust probe of planetary atmospheres. the hot jupiter kelt-9b is of unusual interes... | detection of day-side emission in the exoplanet kelt-9b |
exoplanet transit spectroscopy of hot jupiters has given us the first detailed glimpses of the complex physical characteristics that govern these objects. these highly irradiated planets with their extended atmospheres lend themselves as excellent targets for probing their compositions, temperature-pressure profiles an... | characterizing exoplanet atmospheres with the 10.4m gtc telescope: new results from the world’s largest optical telescope |
stars gain and lose material as they evolve - affecting their evolution, circumstellar environments, and interstellar composition. this talk will highlight, compare and contrast selected results from spectroscopic studies in many wavebands - radio, infrared, optical, ultraviolet and x-ray - that inform our understandin... | diet of the stars: mass accretion and mass loss |
planets with water-dominated bulk compositions are not represented in our solar system. their existence will have major implications on the theories of planet formation and evolution. yet, none of the 4,000 known exoplanets have been definitely identified as a water world. pi men c, tess's first discovery, probably sta... | pi men c: the first confirmed water world? |
doppler surveys and the kepler space mission have revealed "super-earths", i.e. planets of a few earth masses, to be very frequent around solar-like stars, while being notably absent from our solar system. improving our understanding of these ubiquitous planets requires the detection of a significant sample of them in ... | a 4 earth-mass planet transiting a naked-eye star? |
photochemical hazes are present in atmospheres of many solar system bodies (such as venus, earth, jupiter, saturn, titan, triton, and pluto), and photochemical processes could also produce haze particles in atmospheres of exoplanets. transit observations show signs of aerosols (clouds or hazes) in atmospheres of a numb... | photochemistry producing haze particles in cool exoplanet atmospheres: insight from laboratory simulations |
in 2018 peterson et al announced the discovery of a 2 earth radii exoplanet orbiting the star wolf 503. the planet wolf 503b is exceptional in that it orbits a relatively bright, nearby, low-mass star, enabling measurements of its size, mass, and atmosphere. furthermore, wolf 503b's size places it just outside of an ob... | wolf503b: mass determination of a 2 earth radii planet orbiting a k dwarf star |
we present models of extrasolar planets focusing on super-earths and mini-neptunes and incorporating self-consistent treatment of internal structures, radiative cooling and xuv-driven mass loss over time, and atmosphere models with 1-d radiative transfer and a range of compositions and cloud structures. these models ar... | forward models of exoplanets for atmosphere retrievals with jwst |
to date, observations of both planet-forming disks and exoplanets show a large degree of chemical heterogeneity. many observed disks have gas-phase compositions inconsistent with known exoplanets' atmospheric compositions. is this discrepancy real? and are chemical variations across known disks intrinsic or are they in... | the volatile inventory of the terrestrial planet forming zone: a study of transport from the outer to the inner disk with jwst and alma |
a key component of the wfirst-afta mission is high contrast imaging of planets and debris disks around nearby stars. it is expected that the wfirst-afta mission will be able to characterize around a dozen exoplanets, many of which are already known to exist from current radial velocity surveys. these planets will posse... | spectral signatures of wfirst-afta exoplanet coronagraphy targets |
ongoing and near-future exoplanet surveys will significantly widen our view of the distribution and variability of rocky exoplanets. from an astronomical perspective, planets that formed under similar conditions should exhibit comparable compositional trends, such as volatile inventory, which can be compared to hypothe... | redox hysteresis of super-earth exoplanets from magma ocean circulation |
in anticipation of the next era of space telescopes for exoplanet characterization (james webb, ariel) it is essential that sophisticated modeling tools for the atmospheres of transiting planets are developed. however, the associated effects of strong stellar irradiation and tidal locking make these objects inherently ... | modeling disequilibrium chemistry of exoplanet atmospheres using a sequence of post-processed forward models |
y dwarfs are the coolest spectral class of brown dwarf, with effective temperatures less than 500 k and a detection as low as 250 k. they are the tail end of the star formation process, and a valuable analogue for the atmospheres of giant gaseous exoplanets. understanding their atmospheric compositions and processes wi... | self-consistent models of water clouds and disequilibrium chemistry in y dwarf atmospheres |
transmission observations of transiting exoplanets allow us to constrain the composition of their atmospheres. in particular, the giano-b high-resolution spectrograph can probe a wide range of the near-infrared spectrum with unprecedented detail (0.9--2.45 microns), being able to test for the presence of several molecu... | probing atmospheric chemical processes with warm jupiter observations |
the many exoplanet discoveries of recent years have opened new avenues for studying giant planets and their formation. the giant planets of our solar system have been studied up close and in great detail, and exoplanets can complement this with a rich population to examine statistically. more than just studying their o... | bayesian statistical inference of giant planet physics |
exoplanet discoveries increase rapidly thanks to kepler and tess, and dedicated observational and modeling efforts are ongoing to characterize these newly discovered exoplanetary atmospheres. in this context, laboratory experiments to understand the chemical and microphysical processes at work in such atmospheres is a ... | chemical composition and behavior of super-earth and mini-neptune exoplanet hazes |
stellar surfaces are covered with brighter and darker structures, just like on the sun. while solar surface details can be easily studied with telescopes, stellar surfaces cannot thus be resolved. however, one can use planets that happen to pass in front of distant stars as "shades" that successively block out small po... | stellar atmospheres behind transiting exoplanets |
clouds are found on all solar system planets with substantial atmospheres and are likely prevalent amongst most exoplanets as well. although it is clear that clouds have a signifant impact on observations of exoplanetary atmospheres, our understanding of the fundamental cloud physics that dictate their compositions, pa... | real time exoplanet meteorology: direct measurement of cloud dynamics on the high-eccentricity hot jupiter hd80606 b |
transiting exoplanet atmospheres are a major topic of research. they allowus to further study their atmospheres, with transmission spectroscopysensitive to the atmospheric composition. data interpretation andmodeling requires detailed knowledge of the incoming stellar radiation,especially in the x-ray and uv ranges, wh... | the panchromatic comparative exoplanetary treasury program |
over one hundred confirmed exoplanets (e.g. corot-7b, kepler-10b, wasp-47e) likely have dayside magma pools. what sets atmosphere and pool-surface composition for such magma planets? pool-surface composition is set by the competing effects of fractional vaporization (leading to evolved pool-surface composition and extr... | atmosphere-interior exchange on magma planets |
we present our approach to provide detailed photochemical modeling of a variety of atmospheric pressures and compositions for trappist-1e, and combine the results from our photochemical model with a model of star-exoplanetary atmosphere interaction. | photochemistry and star-atmosphere interaction in the trappist-1 system |
one of the goals of the transiting exoplanet survey satellite (tess) is to identify exoplanets whose atmospheres can be characterized by other telescopes. part of this process entails measuring planetary masses to some degree of precision. so just how well do we need to know an exoplanets mass to understand its atmosph... | mass-ive implications for exoplanetary atmospheres |
physical chemistry infuses all aspects of planetary science but is particularly embedded in studies of planetary atmospheres. the physical state of a planetary atmosphere - its temperature structure, physical extent, energy balance, winds, and climate - cannot be understood without a consideration of chemical processes... | application of fundamental physical chemistry to studies of exoplanets and giant planets |
there are approximately 2600 reported exoplanets. among these celestial bodies there is a class of super-hearts with an orbit smaller than mercury (0.387 au) know as hot rocky super-earths (hrse). the proximity of this rocky type of planets to their parent start means that their surface can be similar to bulk silicate ... | hot rocky super-earths atmospheres, a revision of gas phase metal chemistry and the relevance of reverse chemistry |
the study of multi-planet systems can reveal important aspects that challenge our knowledge of planet formation and evolution via determination of planetary system architectures and internal structures. the cheops satellite, launched in dec 2019, has spent the past year taking high-precision transit photometry of such ... | cheops and harps characterisation of a multi-planet system discovered by tess |
high-resolution spectra provide a unique window into the composition and dynamics of exoplanet atmospheres. we have developed an end-to-end data reduction pipeline for the measure data set, observed with the nir aries spectrograph on the mmt. this data set contains a diverse set of exoplanets with a wide range of perio... | hot spots and chemistry: the power of bayesian frameworks and 3d modelling in the analysis of high resolution spectroscopy of exoplanet atmospheres |
we present models of extrasolar planets incorporating self-consistent treatment of internal structures, radiative cooling and xuv-driven mass loss over time, and over a range of masses. we also present new atmosphere models with 1-d radiative transfer and a range of compositions and cloud structures, with both theoreti... | forward models of exoplanets for atmosphere retrievals with jwst |
bayesian atmospheric radiative transfer (bart, harrington et al. 2020, cubillos et al. 2020, blecic et al. 2020) is an open-source, reproducible-research code for atmospheric composition and structure retrieval. its bayesian sampler (mccubed, cubillos et al. 2017) proposes atmospheric models and compares them to data v... | the bayesian atmospheric radiative transfer (bart) code: 3d mapping and machine learning |
ares is an extension of the taurex 3 retrieval framework for the martian atmosphere. ares is a collection of new atmospheric parameters and forward models, designed for the european space agency's (esa) trace gas orbiter (tgo) nadir and occultation for mars discovery (nomad) instrument, solar occultation (so) channel. ... | ares: a mars model retrieval framework for exomars trace gas orbiter nomad solar occultation measurements |
the nasa kepler satellite has provided unprecedented high duty-cycle, high-precision light curves for a large number of stars by continuously monitoring a field of view in cygnus-lyra region, leading to great progress in both discovering exoplanets and characterizing planet-hosting stars by means of asteroseismic metho... | synergies between spectroscopic and asteroseismic surveys |
ever since the discovery of sub-neptunes, exoplanets with masses < 20 m⊕ and radii < 4 r⊕, they have presented a distinct challenge in the exoplanet modelling community. when plotted on a mass-radius diagram, their bulk densities lie in a range spanning from that of pure iron to less than water. such bulk densiti... | investigating the influence of mean-opacity (𝜅) values on interior-atmosphere modelling |
secondary eclipse observations of exoplanets provide unique insight into the thermal emission of exoplanets and into their atmospheric composition. with few exceptions, however, eclipse detections have largely been limited to large planets with planetary radii greater than that of neptune. even for neptune size exoplan... | secondary eclipse detection and thermal emission characterization of a hot 2.9 earth radii sub-neptune |
to date, the ability for observers to reveal the composition or thermal structure of an exoplanet's atmosphere has rested on two techniques: high-contrast direct imaging and time-series observations of transiting exoplanets. the former is currently limited to characterizing young, massive objects while the latter requi... | studying the atmospheres of non-transiting exoplanets using planetary infrared excess |
we are moving from an era of exoplanet discovery into an era of exoplanet characterization, but small (less than 1.5 rearth), potentially-rocky planets orbiting bright, nearby stars that are suitable for atmospheric characterization studies are relatively scarce. amongst these candidates for atmospheric characterizatio... | a tentative detection of a potentially rocky exoplanet's atmosphere from spectral features |
the earliest atmospheres of rocky planets originate from extensive volatile release during magma ocean epochs that occur during assembly of the planet. these establish the initial distribution of the major volatile elements between different chemical reservoirs that subsequently evolve via geological cycles. current th... | vertically resolved magma ocean-protoatmosphere evolution with varying primary absorbers |
over one hundred planets have been discovered through direct imaging in the near infrared. however, most planets with known temperatures are hot and emit most of their flux in the mid-ir. imaging at longer wavelengths could help us put stringent constraints on planet's radii, temperatures and chemical compositions and ... | planets in a different light: the potential of direct imaging in the mid-infrared |
transit and eclipse spectroscopy offer insights into the chemical and radiative properties of extrasolar planets. inferring said properties from their spectra necessarily requires data-model comparisons. typically, bayesian atmospheric retrieval methods have been used to derive these properties. retrievals generally ma... | self-consistent constraints on elemental abundances and heat redistributions for a population of hot jupiters |
moderate to high-resolution spectroscopy can resolve molecular features in exoplanet atmospheres and therefore allows precise measurements of atmospheric composition. identifying trends in the present day composition of exoplanets, such as metallicity or carbon to oxygen ratio, can then inform their formation pathways.... | probing exoplanet formation with moderate resolution spectroscopy |
photochemical models are necessary to predict and interpret the primary properties of exoplanet atmospheres (e.g. chemical composition, thermal structure, and aerosol production). this type of modeling is especially critical for understanding the many cool and low-mass exoplanets that will be discovered by tess and cha... | quantifying the effects of host star uv scaling relationships on photochemical modeling of exoplanet atmospheres |
spectroscopic thermal emission phase curves can provide us with a global view of an exoplanet's atmosphere. different wavelengths probe different atmospheric depths whereas different phases probe different planetary longitudes. this in essence allows us to reconstruct the "3d" thermal and compositional structure of the... | global abundance and temperature constraints via joint spectroscopic phase curve retrievals |
we are presenting an efficient way to simulate ab initio infrared spectra for medium sized molecules. the rovibrational spectra are calculated in a black box manner, meaning that it runs fully automated without any precalculations in other programs necessary (like potential energy surfaces or partition functions) and i... | efficient and automated ab initito calculation of rovibrational infrarad spectra for medium sized molecules |
next-generation ground- and space-based infrared telescopes will be capable of measuring the atmospheric compositions of smaller and cooler planets than spitzer or hubble. it is critical that we understand the limitations of future instruments in order to maximize the science returns from these low-signal sources. to t... | realistic simulations of future exoplanet observatories using lessons learnedfrom a re-analysis of all hd 209458 b spitzer transits and secondary eclipses |
the hst-tess exoplanet initiative (htei) was recently recommended by stsci to capitalize on the wealth of nearby sub-neptunes discovered by the transiting exoplanet survey satellite (tess). even though sub-neptunes are very common, there are still major open questions about how they form and evolve. direct measurements... | the space program: a sub-neptune planetary atmosphere characterization experiment |
the quest for identifying extraterrestrial intelligence (eti) presents an unparalleled opportunity to expand our understanding of the universe and our place in it. a planetary science-based approach has been devised to detect technosignatures, which are indicative of industrial activity, and thereby intelligent life. t... | a novel atmospheric technosignature grading system to optimize the detection of extraterrestrial activity on g-type exoplanets using next-generation space telescopes |
the study of the atmospheres of a large sample of representative exoplanets is the next important step for constraining planetary formation and for improving our knowledge of exoplanetary physics. in this context, the large number of hot jupiters discovered so far provide a unique laboratory to study their atmospheres.... | comparative exoplanetology from atmospheric surveys |
the ice giants uranus and neptune are the least understood class of planets in our solar system but the most frequently observed type of exoplanets. unfortunately, no designated mission to either of the two ice giants exists so far. almost all of our gathered information on these planets comes from remote sensing. wher... | chemical and isotopic composition measurements on atmospheric probes for giant planets |
characterizing multi-planetary systems is essential for understanding the observed exoplanet distribution and can be used to assess models of planet formation. one such system discovered by the transiting exoplanet survey satellite (tess) mission in year 2 is toi-1730, a system of two close-in planets orbiting an early... | testing the formation of the m dwarf radius valley with the tess multi-planetary system toi-1730 |
atmospheric models of exoplanets used to explain observed data typically assume a one-dimensional thermally averaged structure. however, general circulation models (gcms) reveal much more complex temperature profiles that can vary with longitude and latitude across the terminator region of the atmosphere. when observin... | effects of three-dimensional temperature structure on exoplanetary transmission spectra |
super-earth lhs 3844b is a rocky exoplanet with a radius around 1.3 earth radii. its thermal phase curve suggests that the dayside temperature is around 1040 k and the nightside temperature is around 0 - 700 k, indicating inefficient atmospheric heat circulation. therefore, this planet most likely lacks an atmosphere. ... | exploring hemispheric tectonics on tidally-locked super-earths |
we investigate dimensionality reduction techniques for the analysis of spectral data from transiting exoplanets observed with the hubble and james webb space telescopes. the fundamental challenge is the inverse problem, where one tries to infer from the observed data the underlying parameters and properties of the targ... | dimensionality reduction techniques for exoplanet transit spectroscopy |
extra (exoplanets in transits and their atmospheres - bonfils et al. 2015) is a new instrument composed of an array of three 60-cm telescopes capable of infrared photometry and located in la silla, chile. this instrument relies on a new approach that involves combining optical photometry with spectroscopic information ... | searching for exoplanets around m-dwarfs with extra |
infrared line positions and pressure-broadening data of atmospheric key absorbers h2o and ch4 strongly impact the interpretation of exoplanetary observational data. the inaccuracy of absorption cross-sections (opacity data) biases atmospheric radiative transfer modeling. the detection of ch4, for instance, is still und... | high-accuracy high-temperature pressure broadening and line positions for modeling h2o and ch4 in exoplanet atmospheres |
conditions at the surface of terrestrial type worlds inhabitable by earth-like life are hugely variable. earth itself has explored much of this extensive parameter space over time, as evidenced via the rock record, which contains evidence of both multi-million year global glaciations as well as hot house conditions. th... | which planets best liberate phosphate for prebiotic chemistry? |
the study of the atmosphere and structure of temperate earth-mass planets is a challenging but promising endeavour to bolster our scientific understanding of the diversity of small planets and their atmospheres. the unique kepler-138 system is composed of at least three small (<2 rearth) planets with measured transi... | spectroscopic characterization of kepler-138d: a temperate earth-mass exoplanet that might be a water world |
sub-neptunes (rp~1.25-4 rearth) remain the most commonly detected exoplanets to date. however, it remains difficult for observations to tell whether these intermediate-sized exoplanets have surfaces and where their surfaces are located. here we propose that the abundances of trace species in the visible atmospheres of ... | how to identify exoplanet surfaces using atmospheric trace species in hydrogen-dominated atmospheres |
today, more that 3900 exoplanets have been detected, with super-earths being the most common in our galaxy. we still know very little about these planets, with their basic parameters such as radius and mass - when available - suggesting a great variety among them. however, the density alone does not reveal the chemical... | the legacy of hst/wfc3: first insights into the nature of super-earths |
observations have shown that clouds and hazes are ubiquitous across exoplanetary atmospheres. however, little is known about the composition and structure of these clouds and laboratory measurements are needed to make the most of recent and upcoming observations. recent atmospheric models have shown potassium chloride ... | experimental scattering measurements of kcl particles as an exoplanet cloud analog |
the chemical evolution of an exoplanetary venus-like atmosphere is dependent upon the ultraviolet to near ultraviolet (fuv-nuv) radiation ratio from the parent star, the balance between co2 photolysis and recombination via reactions that depend on the water abundance, and various catalytic chemical cycles via atmospher... | the case for detecting effects from non-lte processes in the ir transmission and emission spectra from venus-like planets orbiting around m-dwarf stars |
multi-band photometric transit observations or low resolution spectroscopy (spectro-photometry) are normally used to retrieve the broadband transmission spectra of transiting exoplanets in order to assess the chemical composition of their atmospheres. in this work, we present an alternative approach for recovering the ... | retrieving the transmission spectrum of hd 209458b usingchocolate: a new chromatic doppler tomography technique |
photosynthesis, the metabolic route for conversion of solar to chemical energy, could be present in any planetary system provided with the only three required ingredients: a light source, water, and carbon dioxide. the exophot project aims to study the relation between photosynthetic systems and exoplanet conditions ar... | exophot: phot0, a plausible primeval pigment on earth and rocky exoplanets |
jwst will transform our ability to characterize directly imaged planets and circumstellar debris disks, including the first spectroscopic characterization of directly imaged exoplanets at wavelengths beyond 5 microns, providing a powerful diagnostic of cloud particle properties, atmospheric structure, and composition. ... | high contrast imaging of exoplanets and exoplanetary systems with jwst |
water-rich planets are found to be common in our galaxy1. the internal structure of these planets has been modeled assuming no mixing between h2o and rock-forming components (such as mgo) and therefore it has been believed that a separate layer of water-rich layer exists on top of a rocky and/or metallic core2. uranus,... | solubility of mgo in h2o-h2 at high pressures and its implications for large water-rich planets |
the detection of metals in white dwarf atmospheres, with a composition resembling that of solar system asteroids, is unmistakable evidence for recent or ongoing accretion of planetary debris. we present the spectral analysis of sdss j1242+5226, which is one of the most heavily metal-polluted white dwarfs. we detect atm... | a new evolved planetary system with water-rich debris: the tip of the iceberg? |
exoplanet characterization is one of the main foci of current exoplanetary science. for super-earths and sub-neptunes, we mostly rely on mass and radius measurements, which allow us to derive the mean density of the body and give a rough estimate of the bulk composition of the planet. however, the determination of plan... | impact of the measured parameters of exoplanets on the inferred internal structure. |
synchronously rotating close-in exoplanets, based on three-dimensional general circulation models, are usually expected to exhibit strong eastward equatorial jets (equatorial superrotation). the strength of equatorial superrotation greatly influences important observables, such as the day-night temperature difference a... | estimating the strength of superrotation with a simplified shallow-water model |
the atmospheres of small, potentially rocky exoplanets are expected to cover a diverse range in composition and mass. studying such objects therefore requires flexible and wide-ranging modeling capabilities. we present here our newly developed, flexible radiative transfer module, redfox, validated for the solar system ... | consistently simulating a wide range of atmospheric scenarios for k2-18b with a flexible radiative transfer module |
the james webb telescope (jwst), launched at the end of 2021, will permit the study of exoplanets' atmospheres with an accuracy never obtained before. one of the most keenly anticipated science themes with jswt data is the study of super-earth type planets. there exist many questions about their interior and atmospheri... | jwst retrieval simulation of super-earth |
the k2 mission offers a unique opportunity to find substantial numbers of new transiting planets with host stars much brighter than those found by kepler -- ideal targets for measurements of planetary atmospheres (with hst and jwst) and planetary masses and densities (with doppler spectroscopy). the k2 data present uni... | discovery and characterization of small planets from the k2 mission |
we are building a versatile set of self-consistent atmospheric models to calculate the structure, composition, and spectra of hot rocky exoplanets in short period orbits. to date, more than 100 such hot rocky exoplanets have been confirmed, and they will form the majority of small planets in close-in orbits to be disco... | model atmospheres for volatile-rich hot rocky planets |
we propose a general theory of convection that is able to account for the presence of different types of thermal and compositional source terms (diabatic processes). the linear stability analysis of the equations of stratified hydrodynamics with these source terms shows that, thermohaline convection in earth's oceans, ... | thermo-compositional adiabatic and diabatic convection |
the angle-dependent scattering of aerosols in the atmosphere has been extensively studied in the last few decades on the earth, planets and exoplanets. using radiative transfer models, the composition and morphology of aerosols can be retrieved, extending our understanding of atmospheric chemistry and atmospheric dynam... | remote sensing of aerosols scattering in the atmospheres of earth, planets and beyond |
life in the clouds of venus, if present, has been proposed to extract energy from its environment using sulfur-based metabolisms. these metabolisms link life to the chemistry of venus's atmosphere and thus provide testable predictions of life's presence given current observations. in particular, these hypothetical meta... | metabolic signatures of an aerial biosphere in the clouds of venus: a self-consistent photo-bio-chemical model |
extensive experimental studies show all major rock-forming elements (e.g., si, mg, fe, ca, al, na, k) dissolve in steam to a greater or lesser extent. we use these results to compute chemical equilibrium abundances of rocky element - bearing gases in steam atmospheres equilibrated with silicate magma oceans. rocky elem... | the solubility of rock in steam atmospheres of the early earth and hot rocky exoplanets |
recent transit observations of exoplanets have demonstrated the possibility of a wide prevalence of haze/cloud layers at high altitudes. hydrocarbon photochemical haze could be the candidate for such haze particles on warm sub-neptunes, but the lack of evidence for methane poses a puzzle for such hydrocarbon photochemi... | photochemical hazes in planetary atmospheres: solar system bodies and beyond |
terrestrial exoplanets have been discovered in a range of sizes, densities and orbital locations that defy our expectations based upon the solar system. planets discovered to date with radii less than ~1.5-1.6 earth radii all seem to fall on an iso-density curve with the earth [1]. however, mass and radius determinatio... | atmospheres of partially differentiated super-earth exoplanets |
exoplanet atmospheres provide a probe into the conditions on alien worlds, from hot jupiters to super-earths. we can now glimpse the behaviour of extreme solar systems that defy our understanding of planet formation and capture our imaginations about the possibilities for understanding planets and life in our universe.... | diagnosing clouds and hazes in exoplanet atmospheres |
one of the most important surveys for brown dwarf science has been nasa s wide-field infrared survey explorer (wise) mission which unveiled a population of extremely cold brown dwarfs right in our backyard, including the 3rd and 4th closest systems to the sun. the wise-only detected brown dwarfs are treasures for compa... | uncovering ultracool benchmarks in a wise to gaia search |
atmospheric escape is a process that affects the structure, composition, and evolution of many planets. owing to high levels of extreme-ultraviolet irradiance from their nearby parent stars, the signatures of rapid atmospheric escape are detectable on close-in, gaseous exoplanets transiting bright stars. the colorado u... | the colorado ultraviolet transit experiment (cute): mission overview and first results |
at present, the existence of thermal inversion layers in hot jupiter atmospheres is uncertain due to conflicting results on their detection. however, understanding the thermal structure of exoplanet atmospheres is crucial to measuring their chemical compositions because the two quantities are highly interdependent. her... | a search for inversion layers in hot jupiters with high-resolution spectroscopy |
the study of the chemical structure of protoplanetary disks is important for understanding the formation of exoplanets and their resulting compositions. previous work, assuming a static chemistry, demonstrated that the existence of multiple snow lines in protoplanetary disks could explain elevated (superstellar) c/o in... | understanding planetary compositions using elemental ratios in protoplanetary disks |
thousands of exoplanets have been discovered with a huge range of masses, sizes and orbits. the next step to characterize them is to study their atmosphere. the atmospheres of giant planets are mostly made of hydrogen and helium. the relevant questions therefore concern the amounts of all elements other than hydrogen a... | spectroscopic observations of hot-jupiters with the hubble wfc3 camera |
apollo forward models the radiative transfer of light through a planetary (or brown dwarf) atmosphere; it also forward models transit and emission spectra and retrieves atmospheric properties of extrasolar planets. the code has two operational modes: one to compute a planetary spectrum given a set of parameters, and on... | apollo: radiative transfer and atmosphere spectroscopic retrieval for exoplanets |
hot jupiters have been vital in revealing the structural and atmospheric diversity of gas-rich planets. since they are exposed to extreme conditions and relatively easy to observe through transit and eclipse spectroscopy, hot jupiters provide a window into a unique part of parameter space, allowing us to better underst... | evidence for a dayside thermal inversion and high metallicity for the hot jupiter wasp-18b |
extra (exoplanets in transits and their atmospheres - bonfils et al. 2015) is a new instrument composed of an array of three 60-cm telescopes capable of infrared photometry and located in la silla, chile. this instrument relies on a new approach that involves combining optical photometry with spectroscopic information ... | characterization of tess m-dwarfs with extra |
we propose short sequences of spatially resolved spectroscopic thermal observations of neptune using miri within cycle 1 to follow up gto observations in order to determine the variability of temperatures, composition and dyanamics on intermediate- to short-term time scales. specific science goals include a deeper unde... | dynamics and temporal variability in the atmosphere of neptune |
the cause of the unexpectedly large radii of hot jupiters has been the subject of many hypotheses over the past 15 years and is one of the long-standing open issues in exoplanetary physics. in our work, we seek to examine the population of 300 hot jupiters to identify a model that best explains their radii. using a hie... | bayesian analysis of hot jupiter radius anomalies points to ohmic dissipation |
clouds and hazes are ubiquitous in the atmospheres of exoplanets. however, as most of these planets have temperatures between 600 and 2000 k, their clouds and hazes are likely composed of exotic condensates such as silicates, metals, and salts. we currently lack a satisfactory understanding of the microphysical process... | microphysics of exoplanet clouds and hazes |
to increase the sample size of future atmospheric characterization efforts, we have built on the planetary infrared excess (pie) technique that has been proposed as a means to detect and characterize the thermal spectra of transiting and non-transiting exoplanets using sufficiently broad wavelength coverage to uniquely... | pie in the sky: using planetary infrared excess to retrieve exoplanet atmospheres with jwst |
the arcus mission is now in phase a of the nasa medium-class explorer competition. we present here the arcus science case for stellar astrophysics. with spectral resolving power of at least 2500 and effective area greater than 400 cm^2, arcus will measure new diagnostic lines, e.g. for h- and he-like ions of oxygen and... | stellar astrophysics with arcus |
observations of neptune by the miri instrument made in the gto program will be analyzed for spatial variability of temperatures and composition. the scientific questions the program addresses emerge from previous and ongoing work using spacecraft and ground-based observations of neptune's atmosphere. this work will (1)... | analysis of gto observations of neptune by the miri instrument |
the next generation of space and ground-based telescopes (jwst, ariel, elts) should give us improved transmission/emission spectra for a large diversity of exoplanets, allowing to probe their atmospheric composition. for a better understanding of this data, atmospheric models taking into account photochemistry are requ... | developing a 3d generic photochemical-gcm. transit spectroscopy simulation and observability. |
recent observations of transiting planets have revealed that clouds and hazes are common in exoplanet atmospheres. little is known, however, about how the clouds/hazes form, what their composition is, and how their properties vary with planet parameters. we propose to characterize the atmospheres of two exo-neptunes, g... | clouds in the forecast? a joint spitzer and hst investigation of clouds and hazes for two exo-neptunes |
just over two decades ago the first planet outside our solar system was found, and thousands more have been discovered since. nearly all these exoplanets were indirectly detected by sensing changes in their host stars' light. however, exoplanets must be directly imaged to determine their atmospheric compositions and th... | integrated wavefront correction and bias estimation for the high-contrast imaging of exoplanets |
water is the most readily detected molecule over a diverse range of exoplanet properties (solar composition hot-jupiters to high metallicity super-earths/neptunes). it is also one of the most important sources of opacity that govern radiative energy balance. it is well known that pressure/collisional broadening signifi... | effect of pressure broadening on emission and transmission spectra of h2o modeled for sub-neptune/super-earth exoplanets: an application to jwst |
many concepts have been proposed to enable direct imaging of planets around nearby stars, and which would enable spectroscopic observations of their atmospheric observations and the potential discovery of biomarkers. the main technical challenge associated with direct imaging of exoplanets is to effectively control bot... | estimation of chromatic errors from broadband images for high contrast imaging: sensitivity analysis |
with sensitive hst spectroscopy coupled with advanced atmospheric retrieval techniques, we propose to measure the 0.8-1.7um spectra of four planetary temperature t/y companions and to determine abundances, metallicities, c/o ratios, effective temperatures, surface gravities, and temperature-pressure profiles. models of... | determining benchmark precision abundances for ultracool companions |
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