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we present a numerical study of dark matter halo concentrations in λcdm and self-similar cosmologies. we show that the relation between concentration, c, and peak height, ν, exhibits the smallest deviations from universality if halo masses are defined with respect to the critical density of the universe. these deviatio... | a universal model for halo concentrations |
if dark matter is thermally decoupled from the visible sector, the observed relic density can potentially be obtained via freeze-in production of dark matter. typically in such models it is assumed that the dark matter is connected to the thermal bath through feeble renormalisable interactions. here, rather, we conside... | ultraviolet freeze-in |
we present the first catalog and data release of the swift-bat agn spectroscopic survey. we analyze optical spectra of the majority of the detected agns (77%, 642/836)based on their 14-195 kev emission in the 70-month swift-bat all-sky catalog. this includes redshift determination, absorption and emission-line measurem... | bat agn spectroscopic survey. i. spectral measurements, derived quantities, and agn demographics |
in cosmological first-order phase transitions (pt) with relativistic bubble walls, high-energy shells of particles generically form on the inner and outer sides of the walls. shells from different bubbles can then collide with energies much larger than the pt or inflation scales, and with sizeable rates, realising a `b... | bubbletrons |
the dark energy spectroscopic instrument (desi) will precisely constrain cosmic expansion and the growth of structure by collecting ~40 million extragalactic redshifts across ~80% of cosmic history and one-third of the sky. the emission line galaxy (elg) sample, which will comprise about one-third of all desi tracers, ... | target selection and validation of desi emission line galaxies |
we study the phenomenology of a recent string construction with a quantum mechanically stable dark energy. a mild supersymmetry protects the vacuum energy but also allows tev scale superpartner masses. the construction is holographic in the sense that the 4d spacetime is generated from "spacetime pixels" originating fr... | pixelated dark energy |
the unitarity of time evolution, or colloquially the conservation of probability, sits at the heart of our descriptions of fundamental interactions via quantum field theory. the implications of unitarity for scattering amplitudes are well understood, for example through the optical theorem and cutting rules. in contras... | the cosmological optical theorem |
this review of scaling theories of magnetohydrodynamic (mhd) turbulence aims to put the developments of the last few years in the context of the canonical time line (from kolmogorov to iroshnikov-kraichnan to goldreich-sridhar to boldyrev). it is argued that beresnyak's (valid) objection that boldyrev's alignment theor... | mhd turbulence: a biased review |
fast radio bursts are millisecond-duration, bright radio signals (fluence 0.1-100 jy ms) emitted from extragalactic sources of unknown physical origin. the recent chime/frb and stare2 detection of an extremely bright (fluence ~mjy ms) radio burst from the galactic magnetar sgr 1935+2154 supports the hypothesis that (at... | detection of two bright radio bursts from magnetar sgr 1935 + 2154 |
we present a full result for the equation of state (eos) in 2+1+1 (up/down, strange and charm quarks are present) flavour lattice qcd. we extend this analysis and give the equation of state in 2+1+1+1 flavour qcd. in order to describe the evolution of the universe from temperatures several hundreds of gev to several te... | lattice qcd for cosmology |
it has been known for decades that the observed number of baryons in the local universe falls about 30-40 per cent short1,2 of the total number of baryons predicted3 by big bang nucleosynthesis, as inferred4,5 from density fluctuations of the cosmic microwave background and seen during the first 2-3 billion years of th... | observations of the missing baryons in the warm-hot intergalactic medium |
compared to primordial perturbations on large scales, roughly larger than 1 mpc, those on smaller scales are not severely constrained. we revisit the issue of probing small-scale primordial perturbations using gravitational waves (gws), based on the fact that, when large-amplitude primordial perturbations on small scal... | gravitational waves induced by scalar perturbations as probes of the small-scale primordial spectrum |
the discovery of the accelerating universe in the late 1990s was a watershed moment in modern cosmology, as it indicated the presence of a fundamentally new, dominant contribution to the energy budget of the universe. evidence for dark energy, the new component that causes the acceleration, has since become extremely s... | dark energy two decades after: observables, probes, consistency tests |
we present the spectroscopic confirmation of a protocluster at z = 7.88 behind the galaxy cluster abell 2744 (hereafter a2744-z7p9od). using jwst nirspec, we find seven galaxies within a projected radius of 60 kpc. although the galaxies reside in an overdensity around ≳20× greater than a random volume, they do not show... | early results from glass-jwst. xiv. a spectroscopically confirmed protocluster 650 million years after the big bang |
we study the gravitational-wave (gw) signatures of clouds of ultralight bosons around black holes (bhs) in binary inspirals. these clouds, which are formed via superradiance instabilities for rapidly rotating bhs, produce distinct effects in the population of bh masses and spins, and a continuous monochromatic gw signa... | probing ultralight bosons with binary black holes |
one class of single-field inflationary models compatible with the recently-conjectured swampland criteria would be those in which a hubble slow-roll arameter ɛ h is not the same as ɛ v ∼ ( v ' /v)2. however, a roadblock for these models (with a convex potential) lie in the unacceptably high tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, g... | avoiding the string swampland in single-field inflation: excited initial states |
both absorption and emission-line studies show that cold gas around galaxies is commonly outflowing at speeds of several hundred km s-1. this observational fact poses a severe challenge to our theoretical models of galaxy evolution since most feedback mechanisms (e.g. supernovae feedback) accelerate hot gas, and the ti... | the growth and entrainment of cold gas in a hot wind |
gravitational waves can provide an accurate measurement of the luminosity distance to the source but cannot provide the source redshift unless the degeneracy between mass and redshift can be broken. this makes it essential to infer the redshift of the source independently to measure the expansion history of the univers... | accurate precision cosmology with redshift unknown gravitational wave sources |
the detection of binary black hole coalescences by ligo and virgo has aroused the interest in primordial black holes (pbhs), because they could be both the progenitors of these black holes and a compelling candidate of dark matter (dm). pbhs are formed soon after the enhanced scalar perturbations reenter horizon during... | pulsar timing array constraints on primordial black holes with nanograv 11-year dataset |
in this paper we on inflationary dynamics in the context of einstein-gauss-bonnet gravitational theories. we investigate the implications of the slow-roll condition on the slow-roll indices and we investigate how the inflationary dynamical evolution is affected by the presence of the gauss-bonnet coupling to the scalar... | viable inflation in scalar-gauss-bonnet gravity and reconstruction from observational indices |
we present constraints on extensions of the minimal cosmological models dominated by dark matter and dark energy, λ cdm and w cdm , by using a combined analysis of galaxy clustering and weak gravitational lensing from the first-year data of the dark energy survey (des y1) in combination with external data. we consider ... | dark energy survey year 1 results: constraints on extended cosmological models from galaxy clustering and weak lensing |
this paper describes the processing applied to the cleaned, time-ordered information obtained from the planck high frequency instrument (hfi) with the aim of producing photometrically calibrated maps in temperature and (for the first time) in polarization. the data from the entire 2.5-year hfi mission include almost fi... | planck 2015 results. viii. high frequency instrument data processing: calibration and maps |
we present radio observations of 23 optically-discovered tidal disruption events (tdes) on timescales of about 500-3200 days post-discovery. we detect 9 new tdes that did not have detectable radio emission at earlier times, indicating a late-time brightening after several hundred (and up to 2300 days); an additional 6 ... | ubiquitous late radio emission from tidal disruption events |
mapping nearby galaxies at apache point observatory (manga) is an integral-field spectroscopic survey that is one of three core programs in the fourth-generation sloan digital sky survey (sdss-iv). manga’s 17 pluggable optical fiber-bundle integral field units (ifus) will observe a sample of 10,000 nearby galaxies dist... | observing strategy for the sdss-iv/manga ifu galaxy survey |
neutrinos remain mysterious. as an example, enhanced self-interactions (ν si ), which would have broad implications, are allowed. at the high neutrino densities within core-collapse supernovae, ν si should be important, but robust observables have been lacking. we show that ν si make neutrinos form a tightly coupled fl... | toward powerful probes of neutrino self-interactions in supernovae |
gleam, the galactic and extragalactic all-sky mwa survey, is a survey of the entire radio sky south of declination + 25° at frequencies between 72 and 231 mhz, made with the mwa using a drift scan method that makes efficient use of the mwa's very large field-of-view. we present the observation details, imaging strategi... | gleam: the galactic and extragalactic all-sky mwa survey |
the two-point correlation function (2pcf) is the most widely used tool for quantifying the spatial distribution of galaxies. since the distribution of galaxies is determined by galaxy formation physics as well as the underlying cosmology, fitting an observed correlation function yields valuable insights into both. the ... | corrfunc - a suite of blazing fast correlation functions on the cpu |
the hubble constant ($h_0$) tension is one of the major open problems in modern cosmology. this tension is the discrepancy, ranging from 4 to 6 $\sigma$, between the $h_0$ value estimated locally with the combination of supernovae ia (sne ia) + cepheids and the cosmological $h_0$ obtained through the study of the cosmi... | the hubble constant tension: current status and future perspectives through new cosmological probes |
the rotation curves of spiral galaxies exhibit a diversity that has been difficult to understand in the cold dark matter (cdm) paradigm. we show that the self-interacting dark matter (sidm) model provides excellent fits to the rotation curves of a sample of galaxies with asymptotic velocities in the 25 - 300 km /s rang... | self-interacting dark matter can explain diverse galactic rotation curves |
single phonon excitations are sensitive probes of light-dark matter in the kev-gev mass window. for anisotropic target materials, the signal depends on the direction of the incoming dark matter wind and exhibits a daily modulation. we discuss in detail the various sources of anisotropy and carry out a comparative study... | directional detectability of dark matter with single phonon excitations: target comparison |
we present the discovery of nine quasars at z∼ 6 identified in the sloan digital sky survey (sdss) imaging data. this completes our survey of z∼ 6 quasars in the sdss footprint. our final sample consists of 52 quasars at 5.7\lt z≤slant 6.4, including 29 quasars with {z}{ab}≤slant 20 mag selected from 11,240 deg2 of the... | the final sdss high-redshift quasar sample of 52 quasars at z>5.7 |
aims: this paper describes the polarimetric and helioseismic imager on the solar orbiter mission (so/phi), the first magnetograph and helioseismology instrument to observe the sun from outside the sun-earth line. it is the key instrument meant to address the top-level science question: how does the solar dynamo work an... | the polarimetric and helioseismic imager on solar orbiter |
dark matter in the milky way may annihilate directly into γ rays, producing a monoenergetic spectral line. therefore, detecting such a signature would be strong evidence for dark matter annihilation or decay. we search for spectral lines in the fermi large area telescope observations of the milky way halo in the energy... | updated search for spectral lines from galactic dark matter interactions with pass 8 data from the fermi large area telescope |
we present cosmopower, a suite of neural cosmological power spectrum emulators providing orders-of-magnitude acceleration for parameter estimation from two-point statistics analyses of large-scale structure (lss) and cosmic microwave background (cmb) surveys. the emulators replace the computation of matter and cmb powe... | cosmopower: emulating cosmological power spectra for accelerated bayesian inference from next-generation surveys |
aims: we estimate the mass of the inner (< 20 kpc) milky way and the axis ratio of its inner dark matter halo using globular clusters as tracers. at the same time, we constrain the distribution in phase-space of the globular cluster system around the galaxy.methods: we use the gaia data release 2 catalogue of 75 glo... | mass and shape of the milky way's dark matter halo with globular clusters from gaia and hubble |
above a critical dark matter-nucleus scattering cross section any terrestrial direct detection experiment loses sensitivity to dark matter, since the earth crust, atmosphere, and potential shielding layers start to block off the dark matter particles. this critical cross section is commonly determined by describing the... | how blind are underground and surface detectors to strongly interacting dark matter? |
the silcc (simulating the life-cycle of molecular clouds) project aims to self-consistently understand the small-scale structure of the interstellar medium (ism) and its link to galaxy evolution. we simulate the evolution of the multiphase ism in a (500 pc)2 × ±5 kpc region of a galactic disc, with a gas surface densit... | the silcc (simulating the lifecycle of molecular clouds) project - i. chemical evolution of the supernova-driven ism |
with the physical higgs mass the standard model symmetry restoration phase transition is a smooth cross-over. we study the thermodynamics of the cross-over using numerical lattice monte carlo simulations of an effective su (2 )×u (1 ) gauge+higgs theory, significantly improving on previously published results. we measu... | standard model cross-over on the lattice |
the intersection of the cosmic and neutrino frontiers is a rich field where much discovery space still remains. neutrinos play a pivotal role in the hot big bang cosmology, influencing the dynamics of the universe over numerous decades in cosmological history. recent studies have made tremendous progress in understandi... | synergy between cosmological and laboratory searches in neutrino physics |
we study the abundance of substructure in the matter density near galaxies using alma science verification observations of the strong lensing system sdp.81. we present a method to measure the abundance of subhalos around galaxies using interferometric observations of gravitational lenses. using simulated alma observati... | detection of lensing substructure using alma observations of the dusty galaxy sdp.81 |
the existence of optical-ultraviolet tidal disruption events (tdes) could be considered surprising because their electromagnetic output was originally predicted to be dominated by x-ray emission from an accretion disk. yet over the last decade, the growth of optical transient surveys has led to the identification of a ... | optical-ultraviolet tidal disruption events |
we show that the evolution of interacting massive particles in the de sitter bulk can be understood at leading order as a series of resonant decay and production events. from this perspective, we classify the cosmological collider signals into local and nonlocal categories with drastically different physical origins. t... | cutting rule for cosmological collider signals: a bulk evolution perspective |
the non-linear process of cosmic structure formation produces gravitationally bound overdensities of dark matter known as halos. the abundances, density profiles, ellipticities, and spins of these halos can be tied to the underlying fundamental particle physics that governs dark matter at microscopic scales. thus, macr... | snowmass2021 cosmic frontier white paper: dark matter physics from halo measurements |
in this paper, we argue and show numerically that the threshold to form primordial black holes from an initial spherically symmetric perturbation is, to an excellent approximation, universal, whenever given in terms of the compaction function averaged over a sphere of radius rm, where rm is the scale on which the compa... | universal threshold for primordial black hole formation |
several statistics have been proposed for measuring the ksz effect by combining the small-scale cmb with galaxy surveys. we review five such statistics, and show that they are all mathematically equivalent to the optimal bispectrum estimator of type $\langle ggt \rangle$. reinterpreting these ksz statistics as special ... | ksz tomography and the bispectrum |
the inflationary origin of primordial black holes (pbhs) relies on a large enhancement of the power spectrum δζ of the curvature fluctuation ζ at wavelengths much shorter than those of the cosmic microwave background anisotropies. this is typically achieved in models where ζ evolves without interacting significantly wi... | seeding primordial black holes in multifield inflation |
we study the stochastic gravitational wave (gw) background induced by the primordial scalar perturbation with the spectrum having a lognormal peak of width δ at k=k*. we derive an analytical formula for the gw spectrum ωgw for both narrow (δll1) and broad (δgtrsim 1) peaks. in the narrow-peak case, the spectrum has a d... | gravitational waves induced by scalar perturbations with a lognormal peak |
we examine the impact of baryon acoustic oscillation (bao) scale measurements on the discrepancy between the value of the hubble constant (h 0) inferred from the local distance ladder and that from planck cosmic microwave background (cmb) data. while the bao data alone cannot constrain h 0, we show that combining the l... | elucidating λcdm: impact of baryon acoustic oscillation measurements on the hubble constant discrepancy |
we explore gravitational wave signals arising from first-order phase transitions occurring in a secluded hidden sector, allowing for the possibility that the hidden sector may have a different temperature than the standard model sector. we present the sensitivity to such scenarios for both current and future gravitatio... | dark, cold, and noisy: constraining secluded hidden sectors with gravitational waves |
the cosmic web is one of the most striking features of the distribution of galaxies and dark matter on the largest scales in the universe. it is composed of dense regions packed full of galaxies, long filamentary bridges, flattened sheets and vast low-density voids. the study of the cosmic web has focused primarily on ... | tracing the cosmic web |
recently an extraordinarily bright gamma-ray burst, grb 221009a, was observed by several facilities covering the whole electromagnetic spectrum. gamma rays with energies up to 18 tev were detected, as well as a possible photon with 251 tev. such energetic events are not expected because they would be attenuated by pair... | grb 221009a: a potential source of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays |
it is often said that asymmetric dark matter is light compared to typical weakly interacting massive particles. here we point out a simple scheme with a neutrino portal and o (60 gev ) asymmetric dark matter which may be "added" to any standard electroweak baryogenesis scenario. the dark sector contains a copy of the s... | asymmetric dark matter may not be light |
the eft coefficients in any gapped, scalar, lorentz invariant field theory must satisfy positivity requirements if there is to exist a local, analytic wilsonian uv completion. we apply these bounds to the tree level scattering amplitudes for a massive galileon. the addition of a mass term, which does not spoil the non-... | massive galileon positivity bounds |
the precise localization (<1 arcsec) of multiple fast radio bursts (frbs) to z > 0.1 galaxies has confirmed that the dispersion measures (dms) of these enigmatic sources afford a new opportunity to probe the diffuse ionized gas around and in between galaxies. in this manuscript, we examine the signatures of gas i... | probing galactic haloes with fast radio bursts |
the darkside-50 direct-detection dark matter experiment is a dual-phase argon time projection chamber operating at laboratori nazionali del gran sasso. this paper reports on the blind analysis of a (16 660 ±270 ) kg d exposure using a target of low-radioactivity argon extracted from underground sources. we find no even... | darkside-50 532-day dark matter search with low-radioactivity argon |
within the framework of scalar-tensor theories, we study the conditions that allow single field inflation dynamics on small cosmological scales to significantly differ from that of the large scales probed by the observations of cosmic microwave background. the resulting single field double inflation scenario is charact... | single field double inflation and primordial black holes |
as the statistical power of galaxy weak lensing reaches per cent level precision, large, realistic, and robust simulations are required to calibrate observational systematics, especially given the increased importance of object blending as survey depths increase. to capture the coupled effects of blending in both shear... | dark energy survey y3 results: blending shear and redshift biases in image simulations |
we describe the open-source global fitting package gambit: the global and modular beyond-the-standard-model inference tool. gambit combines extensive calculations of observables and likelihoods in particle and astroparticle physics with a hierarchical model database, advanced tools for automatically building analyses o... | gambit: the global and modular beyond-the-standard-model inference tool |
active galactic nuclei (agns) are known to show flux variability over all observable timescales and across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. over the past decade, a growing number of sources have been observed to show dramatic flux and spectral changes, in both the x-ray and the optical/ultraviolet regimes. such eve... | changing-look active galactic nuclei |
the event horizon telescope (eht), a global submillimeter wavelength very long baseline interferometry array, unveiled event-horizon-scale images of the supermassive black hole m87* as an asymmetric bright emission ring with a diameter of 42 ± 3 μas, and it is consistent with the shadow of a kerr black hole of general ... | black hole parameter estimation from its shadow |
the effective field theory of large-scale structure (eftoflss) provides a novel formalism that is able to accurately predict the clustering of large-scale structure (lss) in the mildly non-linear regime. here we provide the first computation of the power spectrum of biased tracers in redshift space at one loop order, a... | biased tracers in redshift space in the eft of large-scale structure |
the inner region of the milky way halo harbors a large amount of dark matter (dm). given its proximity, it is one of the most promising targets to look for dm. we report on a search for the annihilations of dm particles using γ -ray observations towards the inner 300 pc of the milky way, with the h.e.s.s. array of grou... | search for dark matter annihilations towards the inner galactic halo from 10 years of observations with h.e.s.s. |
we investigate the impact on cosmological observables of f (q )-gravity, a specific class of modified gravity models in which gravity is described by the nonmetricity scalar, q . in particular we focus on a specific model which is indistinguishable from the λ -cold-dark-matter (λ cdm ) model at the background level, wh... | signatures of f (q ) gravity in cosmology |
over 3 billion astronomical sources have been detected in the more than 22 million orthogonal transfer ccd images obtained as part of the pan-starrs1 3π survey. over 85 billion instances of those sources have been automatically detected and characterized by the pan-starrs image processing pipeline photometry software, ... | pan-starrs pixel analysis: source detection and characterization |
the hitran database is a compilation of molecular spectroscopic parameters. it was established in the early 1970s and is used by various computer codes to predict and simulate the transmission and emission of light in gaseous media (with an emphasis on terrestrial and planetary atmospheres). the hitran compilation is c... | the hitran2020 molecular spectroscopic database |
subduction zones are home to the most seismically active faults on the planet. the shallow megathrust interfaces of subduction zones host earth’s largest earthquakes and are likely the only faults capable of magnitude 9+ ruptures. despite these facts, our knowledge of subduction zone geometry—which likely plays a key r... | slab2, a comprehensive subduction zone geometry model |
google earth engine (gee) is a cloud-based geospatial processing platform for large-scale environmental monitoring and analysis. the free-to-use gee platform provides access to (1) petabytes of publicly available remote sensing imagery and other ready-to-use products with an explorer web app; (2) high-speed parallel pr... | google earth engine for geo-big data applications: a meta-analysis and systematic review |
the food system is a major driver of climate change, changes in land use, depletion of freshwater resources, and pollution of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems through excessive nitrogen and phosphorus inputs. here we show that between 2010 and 2050, as a result of expected changes in population and income levels, the... | options for keeping the food system within environmental limits |
human pressures on the environment are changing spatially and temporally, with profound implications for the planet's biodiversity and human economies. here we use recently available data on infrastructure, land cover and human access into natural areas to construct a globally standardized measure of the cumulative hum... | sixteen years of change in the global terrestrial human footprint and implications for biodiversity conservation |
the size of a planet is an observable property directly connected to the physics of its formation and evolution. we used precise radius measurements from the california-kepler survey to study the size distribution of 2025 kepler planets in fine detail. we detect a factor of ≥2 deficit in the occurrence rate distributio... | the california-kepler survey. iii. a gap in the radius distribution of small planets |
plastic pollution is a planetary threat, affecting nearly every marine and freshwater ecosystem globally. in response, multilevel mitigation strategies are being adopted but with a lack of quantitative assessment of how such strategies reduce plastic emissions. we assessed the impact of three broad management strategie... | predicted growth in plastic waste exceeds efforts to mitigate plastic pollution |
the majority of the earth’s terrestrial carbon is stored in the soil. if anthropogenic warming stimulates the loss of this carbon to the atmosphere, it could drive further planetary warming. despite evidence that warming enhances carbon fluxes to and from the soil, the net global balance between these responses remains... | quantifying global soil carbon losses in response to warming |
sudden stratospheric warmings (ssws) are impressive fluid dynamical events in which large and rapid temperature increases in the winter polar stratosphere (∼10-50 km) are associated with a complete reversal of the climatological wintertime westerly winds. ssws are caused by the breaking of planetary scale waves that pr... | sudden stratospheric warmings |
flux footprint models are often used for interpretation of flux tower measurements, to estimate position and size of surface source areas, and the relative contribution of passive scalar sources to measured fluxes. accurate knowledge of footprints is of crucial importance for any upscaling exercises from single site fl... | a simple two-dimensional parameterisation for flux footprint prediction (ffp) |
we explore the risk that self-reinforcing feedbacks could push the earth system toward a planetary threshold that, if crossed, could prevent stabilization of the climate at intermediate temperature rises and cause continued warming on a “hothouse earth” pathway even as human emissions are reduced. crossing the threshol... | trajectories of the earth system in the anthropocene |
aiming to promptly process the massive fault data and automatically provide accurate diagnosis results, numerous studies have been conducted on intelligent fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. among these studies, the methods based on artificial neural networks (anns) are commonly used, which employ signal processing... | deep neural networks: a promising tool for fault characteristic mining and intelligent diagnosis of rotating machinery with massive data |
the tundra is warming more rapidly than any other biome on earth, and the potential ramifications are far-reaching because of global feedback effects between vegetation and climate. a better understanding of how environmental factors shape plant structure and function is crucial for predicting the consequences of envir... | plant functional trait change across a warming tundra biome |
drylands are home to more than 38% of the world's population and are one of the most sensitive areas to climate change and human activities. this review describes recent progress in dryland climate change research. recent findings indicate that the long-term trend of the aridity index (ai) is mainly attributable to inc... | dryland climate change: recent progress and challenges |
about half of present-day cloud condensation nuclei originate from atmospheric nucleation, frequently appearing as a burst of new particles near midday. atmospheric observations show that the growth rate of new particles often accelerates when the diameter of the particles is between one and ten nanometres. in this cri... | the role of low-volatility organic compounds in initial particle growth in the atmosphere |
overfishing is the primary cause of marine defaunation, yet declines in and increasing extinction risks of individual species are difficult to measure, particularly for the largest predators found in the high seas1-3. here we calculate two well-established indicators to track progress towards aichi biodiversity targets... | half a century of global decline in oceanic sharks and rays |
observations of circumstellar environments that look for the direct signal of exoplanets and the scattered light from disks have significant instrumental implications. in the past 15 years, major developments in adaptive optics, coronagraphy, optical manufacturing, wavefront sensing, and data processing, together with ... | sphere: the exoplanet imager for the very large telescope |
we propose a simple data augmentation technique that can be applied to standard model-free reinforcement learning algorithms, enabling robust learning directly from pixels without the need for auxiliary losses or pre-training. the approach leverages input perturbations commonly used in computer vision tasks to regulari... | image augmentation is all you need: regularizing deep reinforcement learning from pixels |
seawater is one of the most abundant natural resources on our planet. electrolysis of seawater is not only a promising approach to produce clean hydrogen energy, but also of great significance to seawater desalination. the implementation of seawater electrolysis requires robust and efficient electrocatalysts that can s... | non-noble metal-nitride based electrocatalysts for high-performance alkaline seawater electrolysis |
the high-resolution rapid refresh (hrrr) is a convection-allowing implementation of the advanced research version of the weather research and forecasting (wrf-arw) model with hourly data assimilation that covers the conterminous united states and alaska and runs in real time at the noaa/national centers for environment... | the high-resolution rapid refresh (hrrr): an hourly updating convection-allowing forecast model. part i: motivation and system description |
thousands of transiting exoplanets have been discovered, but spectral analysis of their atmospheres has so far been dominated by a small number of exoplanets and data spanning relatively narrow wavelength ranges (such as 1.1-1.7 micrometres). recent studies show that some hot-jupiter exoplanets have much weaker water a... | a continuum from clear to cloudy hot-jupiter exoplanets without primordial water depletion |
the atlantic meridional overturning circulation (amoc)—one of earth's major ocean circulation systems—redistributes heat on our planet and has a major impact on climate. here, we compare a variety of published proxy records to reconstruct the evolution of the amoc since about ad 400. a fairly consistent picture of the ... | current atlantic meridional overturning circulation weakest in last millennium |
we present a narrative of the eruptive events culminating in the cataclysmic january 15, 2022 eruption of hunga tonga-hunga ha'apai volcano by synthesizing diverse preliminary seismic, volcanological, sound wave, and lightning data available within the first few weeks after the eruption occurred. the first hour of erup... | under the surface: pressure-induced planetary-scale waves, volcanic lightning, and gaseous clouds caused by the submarine eruption of hunga tonga-hunga ha'apai volcano |
atmospheric greenhouse gas (ghg) concentrations are at unprecedented, record-high levels compared to the last 800 000 years. those elevated ghg concentrations warm the planet and - partially offset by net cooling effects by aerosols - are largely responsible for the observed warming over the past 150 years. an accurate... | historical greenhouse gas concentrations for climate modelling (cmip6) |
the transiting exoplanet survey satellite (tess) will conduct a search for earth's closest cousins starting in early 2018 and is expected to discover 1,000 small planets with rp < 4 r⊕ and measure the masses of at least 50 of these small worlds. the science processing operations center (spoc) is being developed at n... | the tess science processing operations center |
what was the early atmosphere made of? we review what is known during the archean eon, 4 to 2.5 billion years ago.the atmosphere of the archean eon—one-third of earth's history—is important for understanding the evolution of our planet and earth-like exoplanets. new geological proxies combined with models constrain atm... | the archean atmosphere |
the important roles of the planetary boundary layer (pbl) in climate, weather and air quality have long been recognized, but little is known about the pbl climatology in china. using the fine-resolution sounding observations made across china and reanalysis data, we conducted a comprehensive investigation of the pbl in... | the climatology of planetary boundary layer height in china derived from radiosonde and reanalysis data |
plate tectonics, involving a globally linked system of lateral motion of rigid surface plates, is a characteristic feature of our planet, but estimates of how long it has been the modus operandi of lithospheric formation and interactions range from the hadean to the neoproterozoic. in this paper, we review sedimentary,... | geological archive of the onset of plate tectonics |
land use and related pressures have reduced local terrestrial biodiversity, but it is unclear how the magnitude of change relates to the recently proposed planetary boundary (“safe limit”). we estimate that land use and related pressures have already reduced local biodiversity intactness—the average proportion of natur... | has land use pushed terrestrial biodiversity beyond the planetary boundary? a global assessment |
planetary warming may be exacerbated if it accelerates loss of soil carbon to the atmosphere. this carbon-cycle-climate feedback is included in climate projections. yet, despite ancillary data supporting a positive feedback, there is limited evidence for soil carbon loss under warming. the low confidence engendered in ... | managing uncertainty in soil carbon feedbacks to climate change |
libradtran is a widely used software package for radiative transfer calculations. it allows one to compute (polarized) radiances, irradiance, and actinic fluxes in the solar and thermal spectral regions. libradtran has been used for various applications, including remote sensing of clouds, aerosols and trace gases in t... | the libradtran software package for radiative transfer calculations (version 2.0.1) |
environmentally transformative human use of land accelerated with the emergence of agriculture, but the extent, trajectory, and implications of these early changes are not well understood. an empirical global assessment of land use from 10,000 years before the present (yr b.p.) to 1850 ce reveals a planet largely trans... | archaeological assessment reveals earth’s early transformation through land use |
the geisa database (gestion et etude des informations spectroscopiques atmosphériques: management and study of atmospheric spectroscopic information) has been developed and maintained by the http://ara.abct.lmd.polytechnique.fr. the "line parameters database" contains 52 molecular species (118 isotopologues) and transi... | the 2015 edition of the geisa spectroscopic database |
the india-eurasia collision zone is the largest deforming region on the planet; direct measurements of present-day deformation from global positioning system (gps) have the potential to discriminate between competing models of continental tectonics. but the increasing spatial resolution and accuracy of observations hav... | crustal deformation in the india-eurasia collision zone from 25 years of gps measurements |
the miocene epoch (23.03-5.33 ma) was a time interval of global warmth, relative to today. continental configurations and mountain topography transitioned toward modern conditions, and many flora and fauna evolved into the same taxa that exist today. miocene climate was dynamic: long periods of early and late glaciatio... | the miocene: the future of the past |
interactions between crustal and mantle reservoirs dominate the surface inventory of volatile elements over geological time, moderating atmospheric composition and maintaining a life-supporting planet. while volcanoes expel volatile components into surface reservoirs, subduction of oceanic crust is responsible for repl... | slab melting as a barrier to deep carbon subduction |
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