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persistent episodes of extreme weather in the northern hemisphere summer have been shown to be associated with the presence of high-amplitude quasi-stationary atmospheric rossby waves within a particular wavelength range (zonal wavenumber 6-8). the underlying mechanistic relationship involves the phenomenon of quasi-re... | influence of anthropogenic climate change on planetary wave resonance and extreme weather events |
reconstructing the degree of warming during geological periods of elevated co2 provides a way of testing our understanding of the earth system and the accuracy of climate models. we present accurate estimates of tropical sea-surface temperatures (sst) and seawater chemistry during the eocene (56-34 ma before present, c... | eocene greenhouse climate revealed by coupled clumped isotope-mg/ca thermometry |
in recent years, severe haze events often occurred in china, causing serious environmental problems. the mechanisms responsible for the haze formation, however, are still not well understood, hindering the forecast and mitigation of haze pollution. our study of the 2012-13 winter haze events in beijing shows that atmos... | severe pollution in china amplified by atmospheric moisture |
a spherical harmonic model of the magnetic field of jupiter is obtained from vector magnetic field observations acquired by the juno spacecraft during its first nine polar orbits about the planet. observations acquired during eight of these orbits provide the first truly global coverage of jupiter's magnetic field with... | a new model of jupiter's magnetic field from juno's first nine orbits |
in the past few years, significant advances have been made in understanding the distributions of exoplanet populations and the architecture of planetary systems. we review the recent progress of planet statistics, with a focus on the inner ≲1-au region of planetary systems that has been fairly thoroughly surveyed by th... | exoplanet statistics and theoretical implications |
recent analyses have shown that distant orbits within the scattered disk population of the kuiper belt exhibit an unexpected clustering in their respective arguments of perihelion. while several hypotheses have been put forward to explain this alignment, to date, a theoretical model that can successfully account for th... | evidence for a distant giant planet in the solar system |
the earth is the only known planet where plate tectonics is active, and different studies have concluded that plate tectonics commenced at times from the early hadean to 700 ma. many arguments rely on proxies established on recent examples, such as paired metamorphic belts and magma geochemistry, and it can be difficul... | frontiers -petrology/geochemistry and the onset of plate tectonics the evolution of the continental crust, and the onset of plate tectonics |
matter at extreme temperatures and pressures-commonly known as warm dense matter (wdm)-is ubiquitous throughout our universe and occurs in astrophysical objects such as giant planet interiors and brown dwarfs. moreover, wdm is very important for technological applications such as inertial confinement fusion and is real... | electronic density response of warm dense matter |
plants are important in urban environments for removing pathogens and improving water quality. seagrass meadows are the most widespread coastal ecosystem on the planet. although these plants are known to be associated with natural biocide production, they have not been evaluated for their ability to remove microbiologi... | seagrass ecosystems reduce exposure to bacterial pathogens of humans, fishes, and invertebrates |
aerosols are common in the atmospheres of exoplanets across a wide swath of temperatures, masses and ages1-3. these aerosols strongly impact observations of transmitted, reflected and emitted light from exoplanets, obfuscating our understanding of exoplanet thermal structure and composition4-6. knowing the dominant aer... | aerosol composition of hot giant exoplanets dominated by silicates and hydrocarbon hazes |
iron formations (if) represent an iron-rich rock type that typifies many archaean and proterozoic supracrustal successions and are chemical archives of precambrian seawater chemistry and post-depositional iron cycling. given that if accumulated on the seafloor for over two billion years of earth's early history, change... | iron formations: a global record of neoarchaean to palaeoproterozoic environmental history |
detecting ocean-floor seismic activity is crucial for our understanding of the interior structure and dynamic behavior of earth. however, 70% of the planet’s surface is covered by water, and seismometer coverage is limited to a handful of permanent ocean bottom stations. we show that existing telecommunication optical ... | ultrastable laser interferometry for earthquake detection with terrestrial and submarine cables |
hydrogen is one of the possible alloying elements in the earth's core, but its siderophile (iron-loving) nature is debated. here we experimentally examined the partitioning of hydrogen between molten iron and silicate melt at 30-60 gigapascals and 3100-4600 kelvin. we find that hydrogen has a metal/silicate partition c... | experimental evidence for hydrogen incorporation into earth's core |
topology sheds new light on the emergence of unidirectional edge waves in a variety of physical systems, from condensed matter to artificial lattices. waves observed in geophysical flows are also robust to perturbations, which suggests a role for topology. we show a topological origin for two well-known equatorially tr... | topological origin of equatorial waves |
despite the considerable reductions in primary and secondary air pollutants in china, surface ozone levels have increased in recent years. we report a trend of 3.3 ± 4.7 μg.m-3 year-1 in the annual mean maximum daily average ozone over an 8-h period (mda8 ozone) across china between 2015 and 2019. leveraging the kolmog... | a comprehensive investigation of surface ozone pollution in china, 2015-2019: separating the contributions from meteorology and precursor emissions |
the double asteroid redirection test (dart) spacecraft successfully performed the first test of a kinetic impactor for asteroid deflection by impacting dimorphos, the secondary of near-earth binary asteroid (65803) didymos, and changing the orbital period of dimorphos. a change in orbital period of approximately 7 min ... | orbital period change of dimorphos due to the dart kinetic impact |
global precipitation variations over the satellite era are reviewed using the global precipitation climatology project (gpcp) monthly, globally complete analyses, which integrate satellite and surface gauge information. mean planetary values are examined and compared, over ocean, with information from recent satellite ... | global precipitation: means, variations and trends during the satellite era (1979-2014) |
analysis suggests that to limit global temperature rise, we must slash emissions and invest now to protect, manage and restore ecosystems and land for the future. | nature-based solutions can help cool the planet — if we act now |
green water — terrestrial precipitation, evaporation and soil moisture — is fundamental to earth system dynamics and is now extensively perturbed by human pressures at continental to planetary scales. however, green water lacks explicit consideration in the existing planetary boundaries framework that demarcates a glob... | a planetary boundary for green water |
total internal partition sums (tips) are reported for 166 isotopologues of 51 molecules important in planetary atmospheres. molecules 1 to 50 are taken from the hitran2016 list, and, in some cases, additional isotopologues are considered for some of the molecules. molecules 51-53 are c3h4, ch3, and cs2, respectively. t... | total internal partition sums for 166 isotopologues of 51 molecules important in planetary atmospheres: application to hitran2016 and beyond |
we present an approach for using machine learning to automatically discover the governing equations and unknown properties (in this case, masses) of real physical systems from observations. we train a 'graph neural network' to simulate the dynamics of our solar system's sun, planets, and large moons from 30 years of tr... | rediscovering orbital mechanics with machine learning |
the earth formed by accretion of moon- to mars-size embryos coming from various heliocentric distances. the isotopic nature of these bodies is unknown. however, taking meteorites as a guide, most models assume that the earth must have formed from a heterogeneous assortment of embryos with distinct isotopic compositions... | the isotopic nature of the earth’s accreting material through time |
the most abundant components of primitive meteorites (chondrites) are millimeter-sized glassy spherical chondrules formed by transient melting events in the solar protoplanetary disk. using pb-pb dates of 22 individual chondrules, we show that primary production of chondrules in the early solar system was restricted to... | early formation of planetary building blocks inferred from pb isotopic ages of chondrules |
the high-latitude regions of the northern hemisphere are a nexus for the interaction between land surface physical properties and their exchange of carbon and energy with the atmosphere. at these latitudes, two carbon pools of planetary significance - those of the permanently frozen soils (permafrost), and of the great... | orchidee-mict (v8.4.1), a land surface model for the high latitudes: model description and validation |
the james webb space telescope (jwst) will offer the first opportunity to characterize terrestrial exoplanets with sufficient precision to identify high mean molecular weight atmospheres, and trappist-1's seven known transiting earth-sized planets are particularly favorable targets. to assist community preparations for... | the detectability and characterization of the trappist-1 exoplanet atmospheres with jwst |
the practical distinctions between asteroids and comets, viewed as products of accretion on either side of the snow line, are less clear-cut than previously understood. in this chapter, we discuss the numerous solar system populations which have physical and dynamical properties that conflict with any simple diagnosis ... | the asteroid-comet continuum |
nitrogen availability is a pivotal control on terrestrial carbon sequestration and global climate change. historical and contemporary views assume that nitrogen enters earth’s land-surface ecosystems from the atmosphere. here we demonstrate that bedrock is a nitrogen source that rivals atmospheric nitrogen inputs acros... | convergent evidence for widespread rock nitrogen sources in earth’s surface environment |
during the past three decades, the most rapid warming at the surface has occurred during the arctic winter. by analyzing daily era-interim data, it is found that the majority of the winter warming trend north of 70°n can be explained by the trend in the downward infrared radiation (ir). this downward ir trend can be at... | the role of downward infrared radiation in the recent arctic winter warming trend |
interplanetary coronal mass ejections (icmes) are large-scale heliospheric transients that originate from the sun. when an icme is sufficiently faster than the preceding solar wind, a shock wave develops ahead of the icme. the turbulent region between the shock and the icme is called the sheath region. icmes and their ... | coronal mass ejections and their sheath regions in interplanetary space |
inside the epic quest to find life on the water-rich moons at the outer reaches of the solar systemwhere is the best place to find life beyond earth? we often look to mars as the most promising site in our solar system, but recent scientific missions have revealed that some of the most habitable real estate may actuall... | alien oceans. the search for life in the depths of space |
for 2 years, the insight lander has been recording seismic data on mars that are vital to constrain the structure and thermochemical state of the planet. we used observations of direct (p and s) and surface-reflected (pp, ppp, ss, and sss) body-wave phases from eight low-frequency marsquakes to constrain the interior s... | upper mantle structure of mars from insight seismic data |
the planetary boundary layer (pbl) governs the vertical transport of mass, momentum, and moisture between the surface and the free atmosphere, and thus the determination of pbl height (blh) is recognized as crucial for air quality, weather, and climate analysis. although reanalysis products can provide important insigh... | investigation of near-global daytime boundary layer height using high-resolution radiosondes: first results and comparison with era5, merra-2, jra-55, and ncep-2 reanalyses |
szent-győrgi called water the "matrix of life" and claimed that there was no life without it. this statement is true, as far as we know, on our planet, but it is not clear whether it must hold throughout the cosmos. to evaluate that question requires a close consideration of the many varied and subtle roles that water ... | water is an active matrix of life for cell and molecular biology |
bathymetry mapping forms the basis of understanding physical, economic, and ecological processes in the vastly biodiverse coastal fringes of our planet which are subjected to constant anthropogenic pressure. here, we pair recent advances in cloud computing using the geospatial platform of the google earth engine (gee) ... | estimating satellite-derived bathymetry (sdb) with the google earth engine and sentinel-2 |
chondrules are millimeter-sized spherules that dominate primitive meteorites (chondrites) originating from the asteroid belt. the incorporation of chondrules into asteroidal bodies must be an important step in planet formation, but the mechanism is not understood. we show that the main growth of asteroids can result fr... | growth of asteroids, planetary embryos, and kuiper belt objects by chondrule accretion |
high-resolution spectroscopy (r ≥ 25,000) has recently emerged as one of the leading methods for detecting atomic and molecular species in the atmospheres of exoplanets. however, it has so far been lacking a robust method for extracting quantitative constraints on the temperature structure and molecular/atomic abundanc... | retrieving temperatures and abundances of exoplanet atmospheres with high-resolution cross-correlation spectroscopy |
evidence from palaeoclimatology suggests that abrupt northern hemisphere cold events are linked to weakening of the atlantic meridional overturning circulation (amoc)1, potentially by excess inputs of fresh water2. but these insights—often derived from model runs under preindustrial conditions—may not apply to the mode... | global surface warming enhanced by weak atlantic overturning circulation |
the juno spacecraft has measured jupiter's low-order, even gravitational moments, j2-j8, to an unprecedented precision, providing important constraints on the density profile and core mass of the planet. here we report on a selection of interior models based on ab initio computer simulations of hydrogen-helium mixtures... | comparing jupiter interior structure models to juno gravity measurements and the role of a dilute core |
several small dense exoplanets are now known, inviting comparisons to earth and venus. such comparisons require translating their masses and sizes to composition models of evolved multi-layer interior planets. such theoretical models rely on our understanding of the earth’s interior, as well as independently derived eq... | mass-radius relation for rocky planets based on prem |
under the paris agreement, 195 nations have committed to holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 °c above pre-industrial levels and to strive to limit the increase to 1.5 °c (ref. 1). it is noted that this requires "a balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sink... | biomass-based negative emissions difficult to reconcile with planetary boundaries |
large impacts provide a mechanism for resurfacing planets through mixing near-surface rocks with deeper material. central peaks are formed from the dynamic uplift of rocks during crater formation. as crater size increases, central peaks transition to peak rings. without samples, debate surrounds the mechanics of peak-r... | the formation of peak rings in large impact craters |
postprocessing ensemble weather predictions to correct systematic errors has become a standard practice in research and operations. however, only a few recent studies have focused on ensemble postprocessing of wind gust forecasts, despite its importance for severe weather warnings. here, we provide a comprehensive revi... | machine learning methods for postprocessing ensemble forecasts of wind gusts: a systematic comparison |
recent deployments of cubesat imagers by companies such as planet may advance hydrological remote sensing by providing an unprecedented combination of high temporal and high spatial resolution imagery at the global scale. with approximately 170 cubesats orbiting at full operational capacity, the planet cubesat constell... | tracking dynamic northern surface water changes with high-frequency planet cubesat imagery |
we reevaluate the systematics and geologic setting of terrestrial, lunar, martian, and asteroidal "impactites" resulting from single or multiple impacts. for impactites derived from silicate rocks and sediments, we propose a unified and updated system of progressive shock metamorphism. "shock-metamorphosed rocks" occur... | shock metamorphism of planetary silicate rocks and sediments: proposal for an updated classification system |
the climate is a forced, dissipative, nonlinear, complex, and heterogeneous system that is out of thermodynamic equilibrium. the system exhibits natural variability on many scales of motion, in time as well as space, and it is subject to various external forcings, natural as well as anthropogenic. this review covers th... | the physics of climate variability and climate change |
determining the architecture of multi-planetary systems is one of the cornerstones of understanding planet formation and evolution. resonant systems are especially important as the fragility of their orbital configuration ensures that no significant scattering or collisional event has taken place since the earliest for... | six transiting planets and a chain of laplace resonances in toi-178 |
we use an end-to-end model of planet formation, thermodynamic evolution, and atmospheric escape to investigate how the statistical imprints of evaporation depend on the bulk composition of planetary cores (rocky versus icy). we find that the population-wide imprints like the location of the “evaporation valley” in the ... | compositional imprints in density-distance-time: a rocky composition for close-in low-mass exoplanets from the location of the valley of evaporation |
remanent magnetization in geological samples may record the past intensity and direction of planetary magnetic fields. traditionally, this magnetization is analyzed through measurements of the net magnetic moment of bulk millimeter to centimeter sized samples. however, geological samples are often mineralogically and t... | micrometer-scale magnetic imaging of geological samples using a quantum diamond microscope |
extreme variability of the winter- and spring-time stratospheric polar vortex has been shown to affect extratropical tropospheric weather. therefore, reducing stratospheric forecast error may be one way to improve the skill of tropospheric weather forecasts. in this review, the basis for this idea is examined. a range ... | the predictability of the extratropical stratosphere on monthly time-scales and its impact on the skill of tropospheric forecasts |
the climate of early mars remains a topic of intense debate. ancient terrains preserve landscapes consistent with stream channels, lake basins and possibly even oceans, and thus the presence of liquid water flowing on the martian surface 4 billion years ago. however, despite the geological evidence, determining how lon... | the geological and climatological case for a warmer and wetter early mars |
basaltic eruptions are the most common form of volcanism on earth and planetary bodies. the low viscosity of basaltic magmas inhibits fragmentation, which favours effusive and lava-fountaining activity, yet highly explosive, hazardous basaltic eruptions occur. the processes that promote fragmentation of basaltic magma ... | magma fragmentation in highly explosive basaltic eruptions induced by rapid crystallization |
we have reconstructed longitude-latitude maps of column dust optical depth (cdod) for martian year (my) 34 (5 may 2017- 23 march 2019), using observations by the mars climate sounder (mcs) aboard nasa's mars reconnaissance orbiter spacecraft. our methodology works by gridding a combination of standard (v5.2) and novel ... | martian year 34 column dust climatology from mars climate sounder observations: reconstructed maps and model simulations |
the composition of the lower mantle--comprising 56% of earth's volume--remains poorly constrained. among the major elements, mg/si ratios ranging from ~0.9-1.1, such as in rocky solar-system building blocks (or chondrites), to ~1.2-1.3, such as in upper-mantle rocks (or pyrolite), have been proposed. geophysical eviden... | persistence of strong silica-enriched domains in the earth's lower mantle |
nine transiting earth-sized planets have recently been discovered around nearby late-m dwarfs, including the trappist-1 planets and two planets discovered by the mearth survey, gj 1132b and lhs 1140b. these planets are the smallest known planets that may have atmospheres amenable to detection with the james webb space ... | observing the atmospheres of known temperate earth-sized planets with jwst |
with no analogues in the solar system, the discovery of thousands of exoplanets with masses and radii intermediate between earth and neptune was one of the big surprises of exoplanet science. these super-earths and sub-neptunes probably represent the most common outcome of planet formation1,2. mass and radius measureme... | a sub-neptune exoplanet with a low-metallicity methane-depleted atmosphere and mie-scattering clouds |
the relationship between aerosol optical depth (aod) and pm2.5 is often investigated in order to obtain surface pm2.5 from satellite observation of aod with a broad area coverage. however, various factors could affect the aod-pm2.5 regressions. using both ground and satellite observations in beijing from 2011 to 2015, ... | analysis of influential factors for the relationship between pm2.5 and aod in beijing |
observations of the mars upper atmosphere made from the mars atmosphere and volatile evolution (maven) spacecraft have been used to determine the loss rates of gas from the upper atmosphere to space for a complete mars year (16 nov 2014 - 3 oct 2016). loss rates for h and o are sufficient to remove ∼2-3 kg/s to space. ... | loss of the martian atmosphere to space: present-day loss rates determined from maven observations and integrated loss through time |
the nasa ames stereo pipeline is a suite of free and open source automated geodesy and stereogrammetry tools designed for processing stereo images captured from satellites (around earth and other planets), robotic rovers, aerial cameras, and historical images, with and without accurate camera pose information. it produ... | the ames stereo pipeline: nasa's open source software for deriving and processing terrain data |
we present whfast, a fast and accurate implementation of a wisdom-holman symplectic integrator for long-term orbit integrations of planetary systems. whfast is significantly faster and conserves energy better than all other wisdom-holman integrators tested. we achieve this by significantly improving the kepler solver a... | whfast: a fast and unbiased implementation of a symplectic wisdom-holman integrator for long-term gravitational simulations |
in mechanical fault diagnosis, most traditional methods for signal processing attempt to suppress or cancel noise imbedded in vibration signals for extracting weak fault characteristics, whereas stochastic resonance (sr), as a potential tool for signal processing, is able to utilize the noise to enhance fault character... | an adaptive unsaturated bistable stochastic resonance method and its application in mechanical fault diagnosis |
we present one of the most precise emission spectra of an exoplanet observed so far. we combine five secondary eclipses of the hot jupiter wasp-18b (t day ∼ 2900 k) that we secured between 1.1 and 1.7 μm with the wide field camera 3 instrument on board the hubble space telescope. our extracted spectrum (s/n = 50, r ∼ 4... | h- opacity and water dissociation in the dayside atmosphere of the very hot gas giant wasp-18b |
space weathering refers to alteration that occurs in the space environment with time. lunar samples, and to some extent meteorites, have provided a benchmark for understanding the processes and products of space weathering. lunar soils are derived principally from local materials but have accumulated a range of optical... | space weathering on airless bodies |
traditional cooling systems consume tremendous amounts of energy and thus aggravate the greenhouse effect1,2. passive radiative cooling, dissipating an object's heat through an atmospheric transparency window (8-13 μm) to outer space without any energy consumption, has attracted much attention3-9. the unique feature of... | scalable and hierarchically designed polymer film as a selective thermal emitter for high-performance all-day radiative cooling |
in this work, we performed a systematic study of the symmergent gravity (sg) in a black hole (bh) environment. being an emergent gravity model in which gravity emerges to restore the gauge symmetries and stabilize the higgs boson mass in a way giving a holographic ultraviolet (uv) completion of the underlying quantum f... | quasiperiodic oscillations, weak field lensing and shadow cast around black holes in symmergent gravity |
the earth's inner core grows by the freezing of liquid iron at its surface. the point in history at which this process initiated marks a step-change in the thermal evolution of the planet. recent computational and experimental studies have presented radically differing estimates of the thermal conductivity of the earth... | palaeomagnetic field intensity variations suggest mesoproterozoic inner-core nucleation |
comets are pristine, volatile-rich objects formed beyond the orbits of the gas giants and, thus, thought to preserve a record of the primordial molecular cloud material parental to our solar system. we use magnesium and chromium isotopes to show that a class of pristine chondrites, the metal-rich carbonaceous chondrite... | isotopic evidence for primordial molecular cloud material in metal-rich carbonaceous chondrites |
the double asteroid redirection test (dart) is a planetary defense mission, designed to demonstrate the kinetic impactor technique on (65803) didymos i dimorphos, the secondary of the (65803) didymos system. dart has four level 1 requirements to meet in order to declare mission success: (1) impact dimorphos between 202... | the double asteroid redirection test (dart): planetary defense investigations and requirements |
we present the first dedicated γ -ray analysis of jupiter, using 12 years of data from the fermi telescope. we find no robust evidence of γ -ray emission, and set upper limits of ∼10-9 gev cm-2 s-1 on the jovian γ -ray flux. we point out that jupiter is an advantageous dark matter (dm) target due to its large surface a... | first analysis of jupiter in gamma rays and a new search for dark matter |
earth observation, aiming at monitoring the state of planet earth using remote sensing data, is critical for improving our daily lives and living environment. with a growing number of satellites in orbit, an increasing number of datasets with diverse sensors and research domains are being published to facilitate the re... | earthnets: empowering ai in earth observation |
hera is a planetary defense mission under development in the space safety and security program of the european space agency for launch in 2024 october. it will rendezvous in late 2026 december with the binary asteroid (65803) didymos and in particular its moon, dimorphos, which will be impacted by nasa's dart spacecraf... | the esa hera mission: detailed characterization of the dart impact outcome and of the binary asteroid (65803) didymos |
black carbon (bc) has been identified to play a critical role in aerosol-planetary boundary layer (pbl) interaction and further deterioration of near-surface air pollution in megacities, which has been referred to as the "dome effect". however, the impacts of key factors that influence this effect, such as the vertical... | dome effect of black carbon and its key influencing factors: a one-dimensional modelling study |
the online coupled weather research and forecasting-chemistry (wrf-chem) model was applied to simulate a haze event that happened in january 2010 in the north china plain (ncp), and was validated against various types of measurements. the evaluations indicate that wrf-chem provides reliable simulations for the 2010 haz... | modeling study of the 2010 regional haze event in the north china plain |
being an effective methodology to adaptatively decompose a multi-component signal into a series of amplitude-modulated-frequency-modulated (amfm) sub-signals with limited bandwidth, the variational mode decomposition (vmd) has received increasing attention in the diagnosis of rolling element bearings. in implementing v... | a fault information-guided variational mode decomposition (fivmd) method for rolling element bearings diagnosis |
the fraction of the incoming solar energy scattered by earth back to space is referred to as the planetary albedo. this reflected energy is a fundamental component of the earth's energy balance, and the processes that govern its magnitude, distribution, and variability shape earth's climate and climate change. we revie... | the albedo of earth |
humanoid robots that can autonomously operate in diverse environments have the potential to help address labour shortages in factories, assist elderly at homes, and colonize new planets. while classical controllers for humanoid robots have shown impressive results in a number of settings, they are challenging to genera... | real-world humanoid locomotion with reinforcement learning |
the cassini-huygens mission has transformed our understanding of titan from a hazy veiled moon to a place surprisingly like the earth, with terrestrial physical processes such as wind, rainfall, and erosion shaping the landscape albeit with entirely different chemistry and temperatures. dragonfly, a single element miss... | adept drag modulation aerocapture: applications for future titan exploration |
the growth of a planetary core by pebble accretion stops at the so-called pebble isolation mass, when the core generates a pressure bump that traps drifting pebbles outside its orbit. the value of the pebble isolation mass is crucial in determining the final planet mass. if the isolation mass is very low, gas accretion... | pebble-isolation mass: scaling law and implications for the formation of super-earths and gas giants |
we applied a global 3-d chemical transport model (geos-chem) to examine the variations in the frequency and intensity in severe winter haze days (swhds) in beijing-tianjin-hebei (bth) from 1985 to 2017 and quantified the roles of changes in anthropogenic emissions and/or meteorological parameters. observed swhds were d... | severe winter haze days in the beijing-tianjin-hebei region from 1985 to 2017 and the roles of anthropogenic emissions and meteorology |
laboratory experiments indicate that direct growth of silicate grains via mutual collisions can only produce particles up to roughly millimeters in size. on the other hand, recent simulations of the streaming instability have shown that mm/cm-sized particles require an excessively high metallicity for dense filaments t... | concentrating small particles in protoplanetary disks through the streaming instability |
free-electron lasers produce extremely brief, coherent, and bright laser-like photon pulses that allow to image matter at atomic resolution and at timescales faster than the characteristic atomic motions. in pulses of about 50 femtoseconds duration they provide as many photons as one gets in 1 s from modern storage rin... | 10 years of pioneering x-ray science at the free-electron laser flash at desy |
the pluto system was recently explored by nasa’s new horizons spacecraft, making closest approach on 14 july 2015. pluto’s surface displays diverse landforms, terrain ages, albedos, colors, and composition gradients. evidence is found for a water-ice crust, geologically young surface units, surface ice convection, wind... | the pluto system: initial results from its exploration by new horizons |
we have produced a multiannual climatology of airborne dust from martian year 24-31 using multiple datasets of retrieved or estimated column optical depths. the datasets are based on observations of the martian atmosphere from april 1999 to july 2013 made by different orbiting instruments: the thermal emission spectrom... | eight-year climatology of dust optical depth on mars |
the masses and radii of exoplanets are fundamental quantities needed for their characterisation. studying the different populations of exoplanets is important for understanding the demographics of the different planetary types, which can then be linked to planetary formation and evolution. we present an updated exoplan... | revisited mass-radius relations for exoplanets below 120 m⊕ |
chemical disequilibrium in planetary atmospheres has been proposed as a generalized method for detecting life on exoplanets through remote spectroscopy. among solar system planets with substantial atmospheres, the modern earth has the largest thermodynamic chemical disequilibrium due to the presence of life. however, h... | disequilibrium biosignatures over earth history and implications for detecting exoplanet life |
the second workshop on extreme precision radial velocities defined circa 2015 the state of the art doppler precision and identified the critical path challenges for reaching 10 cm s-1 measurement precision. the presentations and discussion of key issues for instrumentation and data analysis and the workshop recommendat... | state of the field: extreme precision radial velocities |
the composition of a planet’s atmosphere is determined by its formation, evolution, and present-day insolation. a planet’s spectrum therefore may hold clues on its origins. we present a “chain” of models, linking the formation of a planet to its observable present-day spectrum. the chain links include (1) the planet’s ... | the imprint of exoplanet formation history on observable present-day spectra of hot jupiters |
the insight (interior exploration using seismic investigations, geodesy and heat transport) mission landed in elysium planitia on mars on 26 november 2018 and fully deployed its seismometer by the end of february 2019. the mission aims to detect, characterize and locate seismic activity on mars, and to further constrai... | the seismicity of mars |
here we review how environmental context can be used to interpret whether o2 is a biosignature in extrasolar planetary observations. this paper builds on the overview of current biosignature research discussed in schwieterman et al. (2017), and provides an in-depth, interdisciplinary example of biosignature identificat... | exoplanet biosignatures: understanding oxygen as a biosignature in the context of its environment |
this study offers an overview of the low-frequency (i.e., monthly to seasonal) evolution, dynamics, predictability, and surface impacts of a rare southern hemisphere (sh) stratospheric warming that occurred in austral spring 2019. between late august and mid-september 2019, the stratospheric circumpolar westerly jet we... | the 2019 southern hemisphere stratospheric polar vortex weakening and its impacts |
large igneous province (lip) eruptions are increasingly considered to have driven mass extinction events throughout the phanerozoic; however, uncertainties in radiometric age dating of lip materials, along with difficulty in accurate age dating of sedimentary rocks that record the environmental and biological history o... | mercury as a proxy for volcanic emissions in the geologic record |
planetary science research involves analysing vast amounts of remote sensing data, which are often costly and time-consuming to annotate and process. one of the essential tasks in this field is geological mapping, which requires identifying and outlining regions of interest in planetary images, including geological fea... | knowledge distillation with segment anything (sam) model for planetary geological mapping |
biomass burning is a major source of atmospheric brown carbon (brc), and through its absorption of uv/vis radiation, it can play an important role in the planetary radiative balance and atmospheric photochemistry. the considerable uncertainty of brc impacts is associated with its poorly constrained sources, transformat... | atmospheric evolution of molecular-weight-separated brown carbon from biomass burning |
some active asteroids have been proposed to be formed as a result of impact events1. because active asteroids are generally discovered by chance only after their tails have fully formed, the process of how impact ejecta evolve into a tail has, to our knowledge, not been directly observed. the double asteroid redirectio... | ejecta from the dart-produced active asteroid dimorphos |
the earth's thermosphere and ionosphere (ti) are characterized by perpetual variability as integral parts of the atmosphere system, with intermittent disturbances from solar and geomagnetic forcing. this review examines how the ti variability is affected by processes originating from the lower atmosphere and implicatio... | variability and predictability of the space environment as related to lower atmosphere forcing |
we propose a novel method for testing gravity models using seismic data from earth. by imposing observational constraints on earth's moment of inertia and mass, we rigorously limit the gravitational models' parameters within a $2\sigma$ accuracy. our method constrains the parameters governing additional terms to the ge... | earthquakes as probing tools for gravity theories |
the ability to model surface processes and to couple them to both subsurface and atmospheric regimes has proven invaluable to research in the earth and planetary sciences. however, creating a new model typically demands a very large investment of time, and modifying an existing model to address a new problem typically ... | creative computing with landlab: an open-source toolkit for building, coupling, and exploring two-dimensional numerical models of earth-surface dynamics |
as we approach the james webb space telescope (jwst) era, several studies have emerged that aim to (1) characterize how the instruments will perform and (2) determine what atmospheric spectral features could theoretically be detected using transmission and emission spectroscopy. to some degree, all these studies have r... | pandexo: a community tool for transiting exoplanet science with jwst & hst |
several planetary satellites apparently have subsurface seas that are of great interest for, among other reasons, their possible habitability. the geologically diverse saturnian satellite enceladus vigorously vents liquid water and vapor from fractures within a south polar depression and thus must have a liquid reservo... | enceladus's measured physical libration requires a global subsurface ocean |
the earth climate system is out of energy balance, and heat has accumulated continuously over the past decades, warming the ocean, the land, the cryosphere, and the atmosphere. according to the sixth assessment report by working group i of the intergovernmental panel on climate change, this planetary warming over multi... | heat stored in the earth system 1960-2020: where does the energy go? |
the enigmatic ediacara biota (571 million to 541 million years ago) represents the first macroscopic complex organisms in the geological record and may hold the key to our understanding of the origin of animals. ediacaran macrofossils are as “strange as life on another planet” and have evaded taxonomic classification, ... | ancient steroids establish the ediacaran fossil dickinsonia as one of the earliest animals |
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