source_doi stringlengths 13 57 | source_mag_paper_id int64 490k 157M | source_abstract stringlengths 8 10.7k | target_doi stringlengths 14 27 | target_summary stringlengths 42 889 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
10.1146/annurev.ento.010908.164537 | 19,542,225 | Among the so-called simpler organisms, the honey bee is one of the few examples of an animal with a highly evolved social structure, a rich behavioral repertoire, an exquisite navigational system, an elaborate communication system, and an extraordinary ability to learn colors, shapes, fragrances, and navigational route... | 10.1038/nrn3357 | An excellent review on the visual system of the honeybee. |
10.1177/1534582306289522 | 100,838,194 | This review provides evidence for the enormous richness of insect behavior, its high flexibility, and the cross-talk between different behavioral routines. The memory structure established by multiple forms of learning represents sensory inputs and relates behaviors in such a way that representations of complex environ... | 10.1038/nrn3357 | This study reports the neural substrates of learning in the bee brain and other aspects of honeybee cognition. |
10.1073/pnas.0408550102 | 20,678,576 | By using harmonic radar, we report the complete flight paths of displaced bees. Test bees forage at a feeder or are recruited by a waggle dance indicating the feeder. The flights are recorded after the bees are captured when leaving the hive or the feeder and are released at an unexpected release site. A sequence of be... | 10.1038/nrn3357 | Using a novel device to track bees in flight, this reports the first convincing data that honeybees navigate according to Tolman's definition of a cognitive map. |
10.1126/science.7638604 | 41,648,394 | Neurophysiologists have documented the existence of multiple cortical areas responsive to different visual features. This modular organization has sparked theoretical interest in how the "binding problem" is solved. Recent data from a neurological patient (R.M.) with bilateral parietal-occipital lesions demonstrates th... | 10.1038/nrn1030 | This was the first study to report that feature binding resulted from bilateral parietal damage — lesions that produce a rare neuropsychological condition known as Balint's syndrome. The damage disrupts the ability to perceive the location of features and objects that are clearly seen and accurately named. The binding ... |
10.1073/pnas.152694799 | 100,737,011 | When multiple objects are simultaneously present in a scene, the visual system must properly integrate the features associated with each object. It has been proposed that this “binding problem” is solved by selective attention to the locations of the objects [Treisman, A.M. & Gelade, E. (1980) Cogn. Psychol. 12, 97... | 10.1038/nrn1030 | This study demonstrated that parietal activation in binding was present when stimuli were simultaneously presented in different locations but not when they were sequentially presented in the same location, consistent with findings from the Balint's syndrome patient 'RM' (reference 10) and supporting the role of space i... |
10.1111/j.1460-9568.1990.tb00450.x | 45,383,672 | Abstract Previously we have demonstrated that neurons in the striate cortex of lightly anaesthetized cats exhibit oscillatory responses at a frequency near 50 Hz in response to their preferred stimuli. Here we have used both single and multiple unit recording techniques to determine: (i) the receptive field properties ... | 10.1038/nrn1030 | This evidence, for in-phase oscillations, was presented three years earlier at a Society for Neurosciences meeting. It is generally credited as the first public report of temporal correlation between neurons in unit formation and also as the beginning of the study of synchronous neural activity in perception. |
10.1002/0470018860.s00295 | 39,362,576 | Abstract Synaesthesia is experienced when stimulation of one sensory modality gives rise to a perception in a second modality, without that second modality having received any direct stimulation. | 10.1038/nrn1030 | In this chapter, Maurer proposes that all infants are synaesthetic owing to the massive synaptic connections that are present at birth. These connections are pruned extensively throughout early development, with modularity also developing during this period. Adult synaesthesia could be explained by residual connections... |
10.1126/science.1097065 | 41,104,110 | Inherited channelopathies are at the origin of many neurological disorders. Here we report a form of channelopathy that is acquired in experimental temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the most common form of epilepsy in adults. The excitability of CA1 pyramidal neuron dendrites was increased in TLE because of decreased avail... | 10.1038/nrn2371 | This study provided the first description of altered dendritic channels in chronic epilepsy. In this case the alteration was a downregulation of A-type K + channels. |
10.1126/science.7079735 | 104,277,757 | Interictal spikes are a simple kind of epileptic neuronal activity. Field potentials and intracellular recordings observed during interictal spikes of penicillin-treated slices of the hippocampus were reproduced by a mathematical model of a network of 100 hippocampal neurons from the region including CA2 and CA3. The m... | 10.1038/nrn2371 | This modelling study suggested that intrinsically bursting neurons are instrumental in synchronizing neuronal ensembles. |
10.1126/science.175.4017.82 | 79,432,018 | Male rats were exposed to prenatal or postnatal stress, or both. The prenatally stressed males showed low levels of male copulatory behavior and high rates of female lordotic responding. Postnatal stress had no effect. The modifications are attributed to stress-mediated alterations in the ratio of adrenal to gonadal an... | 10.1038/nrn3818 | This is one of the first studies to determine the importance of sex-specific neurodevelopmental programming that can be disrupted by maternal stress. |
10.1210/en.2008-0633 | 80,121,339 | Chronic early-life stress (ES) exerts profound acute and long-lasting effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system, with relevance to cognitive function and affective disorders. Our ability to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects should benefit greatly from appropriate mouse models becaus... | 10.1038/nrn3818 | This novel and reproducible model shows how disruptions in maternal care can manifest in reprogramming of offspring stress pathways in the brain. |
10.1159/000322038 | 60,486,645 | The perinatal environment plays an important role in programming many aspects of physiology and behavior including metabolism, body weight set point, energy balance regulation and predisposition to mental health-related disorders such as anxiety, depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Maternal health ... | 10.1038/nrn3818 | This paper examines the sex-specific neurodevelopmental programming and resulting increased anxiety in the non-human primate that follows exposure to a maternal high-fat diet during pregnancy. |
10.1159/000079744 | 18,048,628 | Amphioxus has an assortment of cells and organs for sensing light and mechanical stimuli. Vertebrate counterparts of these structures are not always apparent, and a strong case can be made for homology in only a few instances. For example, amphioxus has anatomically simple but plausible homologs of both the pineal and ... | 10.1038/nrn2283 | This paper provides a summary of the rhabdomeric and ciliary photoreceptor organs in the primitive chordate amphioxus. |
10.1126/science.1099955 | 19,079,482 | For vision, insect and vertebrate eyes use rhabdomeric and ciliary photoreceptor cells, respectively. These cells show distinct architecture and transduce the light signal by different phototransductory cascades. In the marine rag-worm Platynereis , we find both cell types: rhabdomeric photoreceptor cells in the eyes a... | 10.1038/nrn2283 | This study presents the discovery that an invertebrate (protostome) species possessed ciliary photoreceptors expressing a ciliary opsin, in addition to rhabdomeric photoreceptors expressing a rhabdomeric opsin. |
10.1242/dev.02678 | 107,385,964 | Mechanisms for shaping and folding sheets of cells during development are poorly understood. An example is the complex reorganisation of the forebrain neural plate during neurulation, which must fold a sheet into a tube while evaginating two eyes from a single contiguous domain within the neural plate. We, for the firs... | 10.1038/nrn2283 | By following the trajectories of individual identified cells, the authors of this study were able to track the morphological development of the zebrafish eye. This paper contains some excellent animations. |
10.1073/pnas.0909181107 | 36,819,130 | Advances in genome analysis, network biology, and computational chemistry have the potential to revolutionize drug discovery by combining system-level identification of drug targets with the atomistic modeling of small molecules capable of modulating their activity. To demonstrate the effectiveness of such a discovery ... | 10.1038/nrmicro2737 | A study in which metabolic networks are used to search for antimicrobials. |
10.1113/jphysiol.2009.181917 | 107,134,533 | Mammalian cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs) are specialized to process developmental signals during immature stages and sound stimuli in adult animals. These signals are conveyed onto auditory afferent nerve fibres. Neurotransmitter release at IHC ribbon synapses is controlled by L‐type Ca V 1.3 Ca 2+ channels, the biop... | 10.1038/nrn2924 | In this paper, single-channel recording from inner hair cells of the mouse cochlea provided additional estimates of the numbers of channels associated with each active zone ( ∼ 180 per ribbon) and the maximum open probability ( ∼ 0.15). |
10.1073/pnas.0813213106 | 103,415,027 | Sound coding at hair cell ribbon synapses is tightly regulated by Ca 2+ . Here, we used patch-clamp, fast confocal Ca 2+ imaging and modeling to characterize synaptic Ca 2+ signaling in cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs) of hearing mice. Submicrometer fluorescence hotspots built up and collapsed at the base of IHCs withi... | 10.1038/nrn2924 | Fluorescent calcium indicators and calcium channel immunolabeling were used in this study to chart 'active zones' in cochlear inner hair cells. The covariation in the number of calcium channels and ribbon size found in this study may provide a mechanism for diversifying the activity of postsynaptic afferent neurons. |
10.1073/pnas.0709067105 | 78,060,674 | Synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter by following a process of vesicle docking and exocytosis. Although these steps are well established, it has been difficult to observe and measure these rates directly in living synapses. Here, by combining the direct imaging of single synaptic vesicles and synaptic ribbons, I ... | 10.1038/nrn2924 | Together with reference 18, this paper provided evidence for turnover of ribbon-associated synaptic vesicles during depolarization of retinal bipolar neurons. |
10.1073/pnas.0705756104 | 45,490,598 | At the first synapse in the auditory pathway, the receptor potential of mechanosensory hair cells is converted into a firing pattern in auditory nerve fibers. For the accurate coding of timing and intensity of sound signals, transmitter release at this synapse must occur with the highest precision. To measure directly ... | 10.1038/nrn2924 | This study showed that paired recordings from inner hair cells and type I afferent dendrites describe a 'linear' synaptic transfer function. This is explained by an increase in release probability, with no change in the average amplitude of postsynaptic currents. |
10.1126/science.7569895 | 84,481,224 | The behavioral and cognitive effects of nicotine suggest that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) participate in central nervous system (CNS) function. Although nAChR subunit messenger RNA (mRNA) and nicotine binding sites are common in the brain, there is little evidence for synapses mediated by nAChRs in the C... | 10.1038/nrn1297 | The first demonstration of Ca 2+ entry into presynaptic terminals through an ionotropic presynaptic receptor. |
10.1073/pnas.96.17.9932 | 40,067,626 | Exogenous application of agonists at the kainate subtype of glutamate receptors has been shown to depress evoked monosynaptic inhibition by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneurons in the hippocampus. This observation has led to the hypothesis that synaptic release of endogenous glutamate might have a disinhibitory... | 10.1038/nrn1297 | These authors showed that endogenously released glutamate could act on presynaptic kainate receptors. |
10.1038/ncomms11934 | 62,156,012 | Abstract Multifactorial mechanisms underlying late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) are poorly characterized from an integrative perspective. Here spatiotemporal alterations in brain amyloid-β deposition, metabolism, vascular, functional activity at rest, structural properties, cognitive integrity and peripheral protei... | 10.1038/nrn.2017.48 | This was one of the largest and most comprehensive biomarker studies to show the early role of vascular dysregulation in memory dysfunction in AD prior to cerebral amyloidosis and tau-mediated neurodegeneration. |
10.1073/pnas.97.17.9735 | 82,899,221 | Peptides derived from proteolytic processing of the β-amyloid precursor protein (APP), including the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's dementia. We report that transgenic mice overexpressing APP and Aβ have a profound attenuation in the increase in neocortical blood flow el... | 10.1038/nrn.2017.48 | This paper was the first to demonstrate altered neurovascular coupling by Aβ. |
10.1002/ana.20493 | 82,451,837 | Abstract Cerebral blood flow (CBF) velocity is decreased in patients with Alzheimer's disease. It is being debated whether this reflects diminished demand because of advanced neurodegeneration or that cerebral hypoperfusion contributes to dementia. We examined the relation of CBF velocity as measured with transcranial ... | 10.1038/nrn.2017.48 | This large population-based study showed that diminished CBF precedes cognitive decline and hippocampal atrophy. |
10.1126/science.1067903 | 104,018,399 | Neurons receive thousands of synaptic inputs throughout elaborate dendritic trees. Here we determine the somatic impact of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) generated at known dendritic sites in neocortical pyramidal neurons. As inputs became more distal, somatic EPSP amplitude decreased, whereas use-dependent... | 10.1038/nrn1327 | This study indicates that, in neocortical neurons, synaptic strength does not increase as a function of distance from the soma. This is in contrast to experiments in hippocampal neurons (see reference 106). |
10.1126/science.2402638 | 83,056,391 | Although it is known that Parkinson's disease results from a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, the resulting alterations in activity in the basal ganglia responsible for parkinsonian motor deficits are still poorly characterized. Recently, increased activity in the subthalamic nucleus has been impli... | 10.1038/nrn1585 | A seminal study that indicated that the STN should be a key target in stereotactic neurosurgery for PD. |
10.1159/000100803 | 80,726,168 | Stereotactic thalamotomy of the thalamic nucleus ventralis intermedius (VIM) is routinely used for movement disorders. During this procedure, it has been observed that high-frequency (100 Hz) stimulation of VIM was able to stop the extrapyramidal tremor. In patients with bilateral tremor of extrapyramidal origin, who w... | 10.1038/nrn1585 | The first study to apply the technique of DBS in humans. |
10.1126/science.8456317 | 59,868,806 | Neurons maintain their electrical activity patterns despite channel turnover, cell growth, and variable extracellular conditions. A model is presented in which maximal conductances of ionic currents depend on the intracellular concentration of calcium ions and so, indirectly, on activity. Model neurons with activity-de... | 10.1038/nrn1949 | This theoretical paper was the first attempt to suggest that neuronal excitability might be controlled by a negative feedback, homeostatic mechanism in which the neuron's target activity is maintained despite channel turnover. |
10.1146/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135751 | 105,322,886 | Homeostasis is a specialized form of regulation that precisely maintains the function of a system at a set point level of activity. Recently, homeostatic signaling has been suggested to control neural activity through the modulation of synaptic efficacy and membrane excitability ( Davis & Goodman 1998a , Turrigiano... | 10.1038/nrn1949 | This review article provides a discussion of the outstanding questions relevant to homeostatic regulation. In particular, it addresses what is known about how targets for homeostatic regulation might be set. |
10.1073/pnas.0308188100 | 107,062,282 | At central synapses, P/Q-type Ca 2+ channels normally provide a critical Ca 2+ entry pathway for neurotransmission. Nevertheless, we found that nerve terminals lacking α 1A (Ca V 2.1), the pore-forming subunit of P/Q-type channels, displayed a remarkable preservation of synaptic function. Two consistent physiological c... | 10.1038/nrn1949 | Remarkably, genetic knockouts of the P/Q type Ca 2+ channel have relatively little effect on synaptic transmission, because of compensation by other mechanisms. |
10.1126/science.281.5382.1515 | 81,658,668 | Nerve growth is regulated by attractive and repulsive factors in the nervous system. Microscopic gradients of Collapsin-1/Semaphorin III/D (Sema III) and myelin-associated glycoprotein trigger repulsive turning responses by growth cones of cultured Xenopus spinal neurons; the repulsion can be converted to attraction by... | 10.1038/nrn1254 | References 20 and 226 showed that changes in the levels of cyclic nucleotides could qualitatively regulate axonal responses, which revealed not only a striking phenomenon, but also raises an interesting mechanistic question. Later work by the same and other groups also indicates that this is helpful for designing thera... |
10.1126/science.281.5377.706 | 81,444,520 | The unc-129 gene, like the unc-6 netrin gene, is required to guide pioneer motoraxons along the dorsoventral axis of Caenorhabditis elegans . unc-129 encodes a member of the transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) superfamily of secreted signaling molecules and is expressed in dorsal, but not ventral, rows of body wall mu... | 10.1038/nrn1254 | The first report of genetic evidence indicating that a morphogen of the TGFβ family functions in axon guidance, possibly using a non-canonical TGFβ signalling pathway. |
10.1126/science.50621 | 109,170,647 | In Rana pipiens embryos, eye anlagen were moved to the evacuated ear position, where they continued to differentiate and sent their optic nerve fibers into the hindbrain. Upon entering the medulla, the optic fibers turned caudally, penetrated the spinal cord, and traversed the dorsolateral white matter to the caudal en... | 10.1038/nrn1254 | References 29 and 31 are the classic papers on the chemoaffinity hypothesis of axon guidance. A must-read for anyone entering the field. |
10.1126/science.279.5347.105 | 58,564,343 | Developing axons reach their final targets as a result of a series of axonal projections to successive intermediate targets. Long-range chemoattraction by intermediate targets plays a key role in this process. Growing axons, however, do not stall at the intermediate targets, where the chemoattractant concentration is e... | 10.1038/nrn1254 | An interesting paper showing that commissural axons are attracted by the floor plate (and netrin) before crossing the floor plate, but are not attracted by the floor plate or netrin after crossing. |
10.1523/jneurosci.23-16-06651.2003 | 19,247,467 | Interneurons in the olfactory bulb (OB) are generated not only in the developing embryo but also throughout the postnatal life of mammals from neuronal precursor cells migrating from the anterior subventricular zone (SVZa) of the mammalian forebrain. We discovered that the OB secretes a diffusible activity that attract... | 10.1038/nrn1254 | Evidence that there are more guidance cues to be defined molecularly, and that molecular cues might be used even in adult stages for directional guidance. |
10.1242/dev.127.4.801 | 104,444,424 | Neural receptor-linked protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) are required for guidance of motoneuron and photoreceptor growth cones in Drosophila. These phosphatases have not been implicated in growth cone responses to specific guidance cues, however, so it is unknown which aspects of axonal pathfinding are controlled ... | 10.1038/nrn1254 | In this study, RPTPs were found to interact with Slit/Robo signalling. |
10.1126/science.1058445 | 59,543,960 | Axonal growth cones that cross the nervous system midline change their responsiveness to midline guidance cues: They become repelled by the repellent Slit and simultaneously lose responsiveness to the attractant netrin. These mutually reinforcing changes help to expel growth cones from the midline by making a once-attr... | 10.1038/nrn1254 | This article provides a molecular basis for crosstalk between different guidance pathways (Slit/Robo and netrin/DCC) at the receptor level. |
10.1038/ismej.2010.118 | 62,587,127 | Abstract The populations of dominant species within the human colonic microbiota can potentially be modified by dietary intake with consequences for health. Here we examined the influence of precisely controlled diets in 14 overweight men. Volunteers were provided successively with a control diet, diets high in resista... | 10.1038/nrmicro3344 | This study is a carefully controlled human dietary trial that demonstrates rapid and reversible changes in the relative abundance of specific bacterial groups in response to carbohydrate intake. |
10.1073/pnas.1322269111 | 41,673,717 | Significance The mammalian intestines contain an enormous number of microorganisms within the lumen. Given the constant exposure to these microbes, the intestinal immune system has the difficult task of maintaining tolerance to commensal bacteria while remaining responsive to potential pathogens. The mechanisms by whic... | 10.1038/nrmicro3344 | This study provides evidence that the inhibition of HDACs by butyrate is responsible for anti-inflammatory effects in colonic macrophages. |
10.1126/science.1241165 | 62,606,488 | Protecting the Guts Regulatory T cells (T regs ) in the gut are important sentinels in maintaining the peace between our gut and its trillions of resident bacteria and have been shown to be regulated by specific strains of bacteria in mouse models. Smith et al. (p. 569 , published online 4 July; see the Perspective by ... | 10.1038/nrmicro3344 | This study shows that propionate has an anti-inflammatory effect via the modulation of cT Reg cells. |
10.1126/science.1191175 | 41,714,003 | Blocking Interfering Microbes Irinotecan is a widely used anticancer pro-drug that is converted in the liver into the active form, but when it gets into the gut, the normally benign microbial flora can convert it into the toxic form, which kills the rapidly multiplying gut epithelium as it would kill rapidly dividing t... | 10.1038/nrmicro3344 | This paper describes the design of an inhibitor that specifically targets bacterial β-glucuronidases, which protects against chemotherapy-associated toxicity in a mouse model. |
10.1186/2049-2618-1-16 | 84,365,278 | Abstract Background Numerous cancers have been linked to microorganisms. Given that colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths and the colon is continuously exposed to a high diversity of microbes, the relationship between gut mucosal microbiome and colorectal cancer needs to be explored. Metagenomic studies... | 10.1038/nrmicro3344 | This study identifies a potential polymicrobial signature of Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria that is associated with CRC tissue. |
10.1038/ismej.2011.109 | 41,669,885 | Abstract Despite a long-suspected role in the development of human colorectal cancer (CRC), the composition of gut microbiota in CRC patients has not been adequately described. In this study, fecal bacterial diversity in CRC patients (n=46) and healthy volunteers (n=56) were profiled by 454 pyrosequencing of the V3 reg... | 10.1038/nrmicro3344 | This study finds that the faecal microbiota of patients with CRC and healthy controls differs. |
10.1128/mbio.00692-13 | 41,594,890 | ABSTRACT Recent studies have shown that individuals with colorectal cancer have an altered gut microbiome compared to healthy controls. It remains unclear whether these differences are a response to tumorigenesis or actively drive tumorigenesis. To determine the role of the gut microbiome in the development of colorect... | 10.1038/nrmicro3344 | This study provides evidence that the composition of the gut microbiota influences the development of carcinogen-induced tumours in the intestines of mice. |
10.1073/pnas.92.5.1664 | 82,224,309 | Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 are intestinal pathogens that profoundly damage the microvilli and subapical cytoskeleton of epithelial cells. Here we report finding in EPEC a 35-kbp locus containing several regions implicated in formation of these lesions. DNA probes thro... | 10.1038/nrmicro818 | The first description of a pathogenicity island in enteric E. coli pathotypes. |
10.1073/pnas.89.3.947 | 101,172,031 | Intestinal guanylate cyclase mediates the action of the heat-stable enterotoxin to cause a decrease in intestinal fluid absorption and to increase chloride secretion, ultimately causing diarrhea. An endogenous ligand that acts on this guanylate cyclase has not previously been found. To search for a potential endogenous... | 10.1038/nrmicro818 | This paper suggests that STa evolved as a molecular mimic of an endogenous ligand. This model is necessary, not only to understand ETEC pathogenesis and evolution, but also to provide a context for future studies of microbial evolution. |
10.1128/jb.176.15.4691-4699.1994 | 41,122,112 | Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAggEC) has been associated with persistent pediatric diarrhea in the developing world, yet the pathogenetic mechanisms of EAggEC infection are unknown. Our previous data have suggested that aggregative adherence of some EAggEC strains to HEp-2 cells is mediated by flexible, bundle-f... | 10.1038/nrmicro818 | Describes the emergence of AggR as a global regulator of virulence genes in EAEC |
10.1073/pnas.180094797 | 125,159,840 | The evolutionary relationships of 46 Shigella strains representing each of the serotypes belonging to the four traditional Shigella species (subgroups), Dysenteriae, Flexneri, Boydii, and Sonnei, were determined by sequencing of eight housekeeping genes in four regions of the chromosome. Analysis revealed a very simila... | 10.1038/nrmicro818 | This paper suggests that Shigella should be considered within the species Escherichia coli , and that their evolution represents adaptation to a specific pathogenetic niche, a phenomenon that has occurred on several occasions over many years. |
10.1128/iai.66.9.4036-4042.1998 | 60,338,948 | ABSTRACT Diffusely adhering Escherichia coli (DAEC) C1845 (clinical isolate) harboring the fimbrial adhesin F1845 can infect cultured human differentiated intestinal epithelial cells; this process is followed by the disassembly of the actin network in the apical domain. The aim of this study was to examine the mechanis... | 10.1038/nrmicro818 | DAEC exhibits a unique pathogenetic scheme that includes cytoskeletal sabotage. |
10.1073/pnas.252529799 | 104,369,460 | We present the complete genome sequence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli , strain CFT073. A three-way genome comparison of the CFT073, enterohemorrhagic E. coli EDL933, and laboratory strain MG1655 reveals that, amazingly, only 39.2% of their combined (nonredundant) set of proteins actually are common to all three str... | 10.1038/nrmicro818 | The first complete nucleotide sequence of a representative uropathogenic strain of E. coli and shows that EHEC, UPEC and E. coli K-12 share only 39.2% of the combined set of predicted proteins. |
10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.02110.x | 101,042,822 | Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a very common extraintestinal infection, and Escherichia coli is by far the most common causative organism. Uropathogenic E. coli possess traits that distinguish them from commensal strains of E. coli , such as secretion systems that allow virulence factors to be targeted to extracytopl... | 10.1038/nrmicro818 | Describes the identification of a new toxin of uropathogenic E. coli |
10.1073/pnas.96.26.15196 | 18,501,865 | Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 and enteropathogenic E. coli cause a characteristic histopathology in intestinal cells known as attaching and effacing. The attaching and effacing lesion is encoded by the Locus of Enterocyte Effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island, which encodes a type III secretion system, the... | 10.1038/nrmicro818 | First report that enteric bacterial virulence factors are regulated by quorum sensing. |
10.1126/science.1221428 | 19,415,690 | Promoting the Male X Chromosome In mammals and fruit flies, females have a double dose of the X chromosome compared to males, and to compensate for this imbalance, in fruit flies, transcription from across most of the male X chromosome is boosted by twofold. Conrad et al. (p. 742 , published online 19 July) measured th... | 10.1038/nsmb.2763 | Provides evidence in favor of improved RNA-polymerase promoter recruitment as the molecular mechanism underlying dosage compensation in male D. melanogaster with references 44–46 as follow-up commentaries (alternative model presented in ref. 64) |
10.1101/gad.1751109 | 20,112,255 | In many species, a dosage compensation complex (DCC) is targeted to X chromosomes of one sex to equalize levels of X-gene products between males (1X) and females (2X). Here we identify cis -acting regulatory elements that target the Caenorhabditis elegans X chromosome for repression by the DCC. The DCC binds to discret... | 10.1038/nsmb.2763 | Provides evidence that C. elegans dosage compensation occurs through global rather than local control of gene expression |
10.1098/rstb.2002.1108 | 65,274,703 | Human colour vision originates in the cone photoreceptors, whose spatial density peaks in the fovea and declines rapidly into the periphery. For this reason, one expects to find a large representation of the cone–rich fovea in those cortical locations that support colour perception. Human occipital cortex contains seve... | 10.1038/nrn1138 | An extensive neuroimaging investigation into the representation of visual stimuli in different cortical areas. |
10.1146/annurev.neuro.23.1.315 | 38,258,993 | A typical scene contains many different objects that, because of the limited processing capacity of the visual system, compete for neural representation. The competition among multiple objects in visual cortex can be biased by both bottom-up sensory-driven mechanisms and top-down influences, such as selective attention... | 10.1038/nrn755 | References 8 and 9 review the effects of attention on neural mechanisms in the human visual cortex, and discuss the interaction between the frontoparietal network and the visual cortex. |
10.1152/jn.1996.76.5.2841 | 84,559,635 | 1. Posterior parietal cortex contains neurons that are visually responsive and active in relation to saccadic eye movements. We recorded from single neurons in a subregion of parietal cortex, the lateral intraparietal area (LIP), in alert rhesus monkeys. To characterize more completely the circumstances under which LIP... | 10.1038/nrn755 | Shows how preparatory signals for visual attention and eye movements are combined in LIP neurons. |
10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.167 | 83,551,177 | ▪ Abstract The prefrontal cortex has long been suspected to play an important role in cognitive control, in the ability to orchestrate thought and action in accordance with internal goals. Its neural basis, however, has remained a mystery. Here, we propose that cognitive control stems from the active maintenance of pat... | 10.1038/nrn755 | References 40 and 41 review the role of the prefrontal cortex in attention and executive control. |
10.1083/jcb.200307069 | 38,556,262 | Neuronal polarity is, at least in part, mediated by the differential sorting of membrane proteins to distinct domains, such as axons and somata/dendrites. We investigated the pathways underlying the subcellular targeting of NgCAM, a cell adhesion molecule residing on the axonal plasma membrane. Following transport of N... | 10.1038/nrn1938 | Proposes mechanisms of directed targeting or transcytosis for the axonal cell adhesion molecule, NgCAM. |
10.1126/science.1085167 | 83,326,586 | The sorting of sodium channels to axons and the formation of clusters are of primary importance for neuronal electrogenesis. Here, we showed that the cytoplasmic loop connecting domains II and III of the Na v 1 subunit contains a determinant conferring compartmentalization in the axonal initial segment of rat hippocamp... | 10.1038/nrn1938 | Reports the identification of a motif in the II–III loop of Nav1.2 channels that is necessary and sufficient to target these channels to the AIS. |
10.1126/science.1086998 | 41,602,820 | Axonal voltage-gated potassium (Kv1) channels regulate action-potential invasion and hence transmitter release. Although evolutionarily conserved, what mediates their axonal targeting is not known. We found that Kv1 axonal targeting required its T1 tetramerization domain. When fused to unpolarized CD4 or dendritic tran... | 10.1038/nrn1938 | Reports that the T1 domain of Kv1 channels is necessary and sufficient to target to the axons that depend on proper association with Kvβ. |
10.1083/jcb.200506005 | 104,222,460 | The traffic of Kv4 K+ channels is regulated by the potassium channel interacting proteins (KChIPs). Kv4.2 expressed alone was not retained within the ER, but reached the Golgi complex. Coexpression of KChIP1 resulted in traffic of the channel to the plasma membrane, and traffic was abolished when mutations were introdu... | 10.1038/nrn1938 | Describes that KChIP1 can increase surface expression of Kv4.2 by a pathway that is COPII independent. |
10.1126/science.278.5337.474 | 60,985,659 | Although previous analyses indicate that neocortical neurons originate from the cortical proliferative zone, evidence suggests that a subpopulation of neocortical interneurons originates within the subcortical telencephalon. For example, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)–expressing cells migrate in vitro from the subcortical ... | 10.1038/nrn1954 | A combination of slice migration studies and the analysis of Dlx1 Dlx2 mutant mice was used to demonstrate that many cortical interneurons originate in the subcortical telencephalon. |
10.1113/jphysiol.2004.073353 | 29,309,504 | Whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings followed by histochemical staining and single‐cell RT‐PCR were obtained from 180 Martinotti interneurones located in layers II to VI of the somatosensory cortex of Wistar rats (P13–P16) in order to examine their anatomical, electrophysiological and molecular properties. Martinotti cell... | 10.1038/nrn1954 | Combined intracellular recording and single-cell RT-PCR to correlate a neuron's transcriptosome with its physiological properties. This technique is becoming increasingly important to understanding the molecular basis for interneuron subtype function. |
10.1242/dev.02090 | 62,306,324 | Fate determination in the mammalian forebrain, where mature phenotypes are often not achieved until postnatal stages of development, has been an elusive topic of study despite its relevance to neuropsychiatric disease. In the ventral telencephalon, major subgroups of cerebral cortical interneurons originate in the medi... | 10.1038/nrn1954 | Showed that after patterning has been established, and independent of proliferation, the levels of the interneuron-specifying transcription factor Nkx2.1 are plastic within MGE progenitors depending on their activation by the signaling molecule sonic hedgehog. |
10.1128/jvi.72.8.6581-6591.1998 | 101,722,635 | ABSTRACT The small nuclear structures known as ND10 or PML nuclear bodies have been implicated in a variety of cellular processes including response to stress and interferons, oncogenesis, and viral infection, but little is known about their biochemical properties. Recently, a ubiquitin-specific protease enzyme (named ... | 10.1038/nrmicro3015 | The first demonstration of viral engagement with the SUMO pathway. |
10.1073/pnas.171616898 | 79,469,704 | A common complaint among pain patients is that they lose their appetite. These accounts are anecdotal, however, and the neural mechanism underlying pain-induced loss of appetite remains unknown. In this study, we documented the occurrence of appetite loss in patients under migraine attack and investigated the neuronal ... | 10.1038/nrn3057 | This study shows that sensitization of trigeminovascular neurons disrupts feeding in rodents, possibly through activation of hypothalamic neurons. It demonstrates a mechanism by which migraine in patients may alter food intake. |
10.1111/j.1526-4610.2007.00776.x | 60,829,916 | Background.— Migraine sufferers experience premonitory symptoms which suggest that primary hypothalamic dysfunction is a likely trigger of the attacks. Neuroendocrine and laboratory data also support this hypothesis. To date, positron emission tomography (PET) scans of migraine sufferers have demonstrated activation of... | 10.1038/nrn3057 | Together with reference 55, this was the first demonstration of hypothalamic activation during cluster headache and migraine, respectively. The studies put forward the argument that central changes may be responsible for the pain, vascular and autonomic symptoms that occur in cluster headache and migraine, and emphasiz... |
10.1002/ana.20193 | 38,270,940 | Abstract It is considered that the site of action of the abortive antimigraine compounds acting at serotonin, 5‐HT 1B/1D, receptors (triptans) is the trigeminovascular system. We tested whether there is a non‐trigeminal site of action. The 5‐HT 1B/1D agonist, naratriptan, was microinjected into the ventrolateral periaq... | 10.1038/nrn3057 | The authors showed that triptans that are targeted to the vlPAG can attenuate dural-evoked nociceptive trigeminovascular neurons — the first clear indication that triptans can act in areas other than the TNC to exert their therapeutic affects. |
10.1111/j.1526-4610.2009.01501.x | 4,672,645 | Objective.— To understand the mechanism of action of oxygen treatment in cluster headache. Background.— Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, including cluster headache, are characterized by unilateral head pain in association with ipsilateral cranial autonomic features. They are believed to involve activation of the trig... | 10.1038/nrn3057 | This is the first study to show a mechanism of action for the therapeutic effects of oxygen in cluster headache, and a lack of therapeutic effect in migraine. There is also a clear demonstration that SuS stimulation can cause activation in the medullary and cervical dorsal horn. |
10.1073/pnas.071582498 | 62,367,389 | Cortical spreading depression (CSD) has been suggested to underlie migraine visual aura. However, it has been challenging to test this hypothesis in human cerebral cortex. Using high-field functional MRI with near-continuous recording during visual aura in three subjects, we observed blood oxygenation level-dependent (... | 10.1038/nrn3057 | The clearest demonstration so far of cortical signal changes that are consistent with CSD during migraine aura. |
10.1126/science.1115360 | 124,023,113 | Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) induces weight loss in obese rodents and humans, and for reasons that are not understood, its effects persist after the cessation of treatment. Here we demonstrate that centrally administered CNTF induces cell proliferation in feeding centers of the murine hypothalamus. Many of the ne... | 10.1038/nrn2054 | Provides evidence that CNTF influences body weight through effects on neurogenesis in the hypothalamus, raising interesting questions about the relationship between behaviour and neurogenesis in novel brain areas. |
10.1073/pnas.91.15.7109 | 16,765,139 | The neuropoietic cytokine cholinergic differentiation factor/leukemia inhibitory factor (CDF/LIF) acts as a trophic factor, enhancing neuronal survival, and as a differentiation factor, altering neuronal gene expression. There is also evidence that its plays a role in the response of adult neural tissue to injury. We h... | 10.1038/nrn2054 | The first demonstration that LIF is an important mediator of neural injury responses. This paper identifies the timecourse and cellular source of Lif expression after peripheral nerve injury in the adult. |
10.1002/glia.20177 | 103,885,518 | Abstract Injury to the mammalian spinal cord is accompanied by a delayed, secondary wave of oligodendrocyte apoptosis that arises several days after the initial injury. A strong candidate to support oligodendrocyte survival after spinal cord injury is the pleiotropic cytokine, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). In vitro... | 10.1038/nrn2054 | Along with reference 120, this paper extends the observation that LIF can promote oligodendrocyte survival in models of spinal cord injury. |
10.1002/cne.21980 | 124,127,523 | Abstract Area V6A, a functionally defined region in the anterior bank of the parietooccipital sulcus, has been subdivided into dorsal and ventral cytoarchitectonic fields (V6Ad and V6Av). The aim of this study was to define the cortical connections of the cytoarchitectonic field V6Ad. Retrograde and bidirectional neuro... | 10.1038/nrn3008 | A detailed recent neuroanatomical tracing study showing the involvement of V6Ad within the parieto–premotor pathway. |
10.1073/pnas.0905314106 | 20,402,501 | Evidence from macaque monkey tracing studies suggests connectivity-based subdivisions within the precuneus, offering predictions for similar subdivisions in the human. Here we present functional connectivity analyses of this region using resting-state functional MRI data collected from both humans and macaque monkeys. ... | 10.1038/nrn3008 | A broad survey of the functional connectivity of the precuneus. Provides critical converging evidence for the existence of the parieto–medial temporal pathway in humans. |
10.1152/jn.2000.83.3.1550 | 39,008,957 | Dorsolateral prefrontal and posterior parietal cortex share reciprocal projections. They also share nearly identical patterns of neuronal activation during performance of memory-guided saccades. To test the hypothesis that the reciprocal projections between parietal and prefrontal neurons may entrain their parallel act... | 10.1038/nrn3008 | This reinforces the functional relevance of the parieto–prefrontal pathway by showing the reciprocal effect of inactivation in the posterior parietal and prefrontal cortices. |
10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06395.x | 19,150,519 | Abstract The general view on the functional role of the monkey inferior parietal lobule (IPL) convexity mainly derives from studies carried out more than two decades ago and does not account for the functional complexity suggested by more recent neuroanatomical findings. We investigated this issue by recording multi‐ a... | 10.1038/nrn3008 | A broad survey of the response properties of neurons across the IPL, elucidating the distribution of various visual and somatosensory response properties. These distributions provide evidence for the shift in function between rIPL and cIPL and in doing so highlight the importance of these large-scale surveys of the res... |
10.1159/000276398 | 39,151,977 | <i>Background/Aims:</i> Heading disorientation (HD) is a type of pure topographical disorientation. Reported cases showing HD have been very few so far, and its underlying mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study is to find the anatomic substrates of HD and to demonstrate a possible underlying mecha... | 10.1038/nrn3008 | This study is notable for both the specificity of the lesion (case 1), and the simplicity of the task used to demonstrate that RSC is crucial for updating representations after changes in heading. |
10.1002/cne.21141 | 82,232,318 | Abstract Although the perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices have been shown to be critically involved in memory processing, the boundaries and extent of these areas have been controversial. To produce a more objective and reproducible description, the architectonic boundaries and structure of the perirhinal (areas 35... | 10.1038/nrn3008 | This provides the crucial neuroanatomical evidence necessary to effectively subdivide and characterize the parahippocampal and perirhinal cortices in different macaque species. |
10.1210/en.2013-1934 | 125,090,385 | Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogs are increasingly being used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It is clear that these drugs lower blood glucose through an increase in insulin secretion and a lowering of glucagon secretion; in addition, they lower body weight and systolic blood pressure and increase heart rate... | 10.1038/nrneph.2017.123 | Study that gives important insight into the molecular mode of action of GLP-1 by identifying the cellular localization of GLP-1R in monkey and human tissue using the most extensively validated monoclonal antibody to date. |
10.2337/dc17-0061 | 125,278,393 | OBJECTIVE Antihyperglycemic agents, such as empagliflozin, stimulate proximal tubular natriuresis and improve cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. Because dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are used in combination with sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, we examined ... | 10.1038/nrneph.2017.123 | Clinical study suggesting that DPP-4 inhibition blocks distal, rather than proximal, sodium reabsorption after prolonged therapy in patients with T2DM, potentially as a result of decreased inactivation of SDF1 α rather than a mechanism involving GLP-1. |
10.1111/dom.12808 | 18,288,425 | Aims Among patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria, cardiorenal morbidity and mortality are high despite multifactorial treatment. Short‐term reduction in albuminuria is considered suggestive of long‐term renoprotective effects. We evaluated the renal effects of the glucagon‐like peptide‐1 ( GLP ‐1) receptor agon... | 10.1038/nrneph.2017.123 | Placebo-controlled cross-over trial in patients with T2DM and albuminuria that shows that liraglutide therapy reduces 24-h urinary albumin excretion by lowering blood pressure, rather than by improving HbA 1c levels and body weight. |
10.1111/dom.12816 | 103,047,328 | Dulaglutide is a once‐weekly glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Integrated data from 9 phase II and III trials in people with T2D (N = 6005) were used to evaluate the effects of dulaglutide on estimated glomerular filtration rate ( eGFR [Chronic Kidney Disease ... | 10.1038/nrneph.2017.123 | Analysis of pooled phase II and phase III RCTs that describes the albuminuria-lowering effect of dulaglutide compared to insulin glargine and other active comparators beyond glycaemic control. |
10.2337/db13-1029 | 83,034,034 | Kidney fibrosis is the final common pathway of all progressive chronic kidney diseases, of which diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) has emerged as one of the most important origins of matrix-producing fibroblasts. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have been ... | 10.1038/nrneph.2017.123 | Preclinical study in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes that showed glucose-independent amelioration of kidney fibrosis with the DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin. |
10.1111/dom.13041 | 62,637,003 | Aims The MARLINA ‐ T2D study ( ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT 01792518) was designed to investigate the glycaemic and renal effects of linagliptin added to standard‐of‐care in individuals with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria. Methods A total of 360 individuals with type 2 diabetes, HbA1c 6.5% to 10.0% (48–86 mmol/mol), estim... | 10.1038/nrneph.2017.123 | This sufficiently powered clinical study did not find a beneficial effect of linagliptin versus placebo on albuminuria in patients with T2DM, although exploratory analyses indicated more responders and fewer non-responders in terms of UACR in the linagliptin group. |
10.2337/dc16-0621 | 125,284,998 | OBJECTIVE Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors may have a protective effect in diabetic nephropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied renal outcomes of 16,492 patients with type 2 diabetes, randomized to saxagliptin versus placebo and followed for a median of 2.1 years in the Saxagliptin Assessment of Vascular Outco... | 10.1038/nrneph.2017.123 | Secondary analysis of renal end points in a cardiovascular safety trial of a DPP-4 inhibitor in patients with T2DM at high cardiovascular risk, showing that saxagliptin reduces albuminuria in a glucose-independent manner. |
10.1073/pnas.1421785112 | 62,612,241 | The large class of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) bind extracellular matrix or neighboring cell-surface ligands to regulate organ and tissue development through an unknown activation mechanism. We examined aGPCR activation using two prototypical aGPCRs, GPR56 and GPR110. Active dissociation of the noncov... | 10.1038/nrn.2016.86 | Using pharmacological approaches, this study identified the Stachel sequence tethered agonist for the aGPCRs GPR56 and GPR110. Together with reference 6, this study described a new activation mechanism for the aGPCR class. |
10.1126/science.1092780 | 18,284,251 | The mammalian cerebral cortex is characterized by complex patterns of anatomical and functional areas that differ markedly between species, but the molecular basis for this functional subdivision is largely unknown. Here, we show that mutations in GPR56 , which encodes an orphan G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) with a... | 10.1038/nrn.2016.86 | In this paper mutations of GPR56 are identified as the underlying cause for cortical development defects in patients with BFPP. Together with reference 72, this study links the dysfunction of aGPCRs with a neurological ailment for the first time. |
10.1126/science.1244392 | 41,171,346 | Development of surface folds of the human brain is controlled in sections. [Also see Perspective by Rash and Rakic ] | 10.1038/nrn.2016.86 | This investigation uses GWAS data, mRNA–Seq and mouse genetics to directly implicate the regional expression of GPR56 in the forebrain as a phylogenetic driving force of neural stem cell proliferation, gyral patterning and neocortex evolution in higher mammals. |
10.1126/science.1173474 | 102,324,117 | Making Myelin The myelin sheath insulates neurons and facilitates rapid axonal conduction, and its disruption is characteristic of some neurological disorders, such as multiple sclerosis. Axonal signals stimulate Schwann cells to form myelin in peripheral nerves, but the mechanism is not completely known. By characteri... | 10.1038/nrn.2016.86 | This study defined the essential function of GPR126 in Schwann cell myelination. This study was also one of the first to provide in vivo evidence that aGPCRs probably couple to heterotrimeric G proteins. |
10.1126/science.271.5249.662 | 59,636,434 | Targeted integration of exogenous DNA into the genome of malaria parasites will allow their phenotype to be modulated by means of gene disruption or the stable expression of foreign and mutated genes. Described here is the site-specific integration through reciprocal exchange, and subsequent expression, of a selectable... | 10.1038/nrmicro3111 | The first genetic transformation by homologous recombination in P. berghei erythrocytic stages. |
10.1111/j.1550-7408.1990.tb01260.x | 103,943,530 | ABSTRACT. Studies of in vitro interactions between Plasmodium berghei sporozoites and peritoneal macrophages from mice and rats were performed. A videomicroscopic analysis was made of interactions observed by phase‐contrast microscopy. Our results showed a diversity of dynamic interactions between sporozoites and macro... | 10.1038/nrmicro3111 | The first observation of Plasmodium sp.sporozoites traversing host cells in vitro |
10.1126/science.291.5501.141 | 62,227,704 | Intracellular bacteria and parasites typically invade host cells through the formation of an internalization vacuole around the invading pathogen. Plasmodium sporozoites, the infective stage of the malaria parasite transmitted by mosquitoes, have an alternative mechanism to enter cells. We observed breaching of the pla... | 10.1038/nrmicro3111 | A study that shows the membrane-wounding activity of Plasmodium spp. sporozoites. |
10.1073/pnas.1009346107 | 40,854,121 | The first step of Plasmodium development in vertebrates is the transformation of the sporozoite, the parasite stage injected by the mosquito in the skin, into merozoites, the stage that invades erythrocytes and initiates the disease. The current view is that, in mammals, this stage conversion occurs only inside hepatoc... | 10.1038/nrmicro3111 | The first observation of merozoite formation in the skin of mice. |
10.1073/pnas.1303858110 | 2,668,677 | CD8 + T cells are specialized cells of the adaptive immune system capable of finding and eliminating pathogen-infected cells. To date it has not been possible to observe the destruction of any pathogen by CD8 + T cells in vivo. Here we demonstrate a technique for imaging the killing of liver-stage malaria parasites by ... | 10.1038/nrmicro3111 | The first In vivo imaging of pathogen killing by CD8 + T cells. |
10.1146/annurev.physchem.58.032806.104637 | 104,161,199 | Stochastic chemical kinetics describes the time evolution of a well-stirred chemically reacting system in a way that takes into account the fact that molecules come in whole numbers and exhibit some degree of randomness in their dynamical behavior. Researchers are increasingly using this approach to chemical kinetics i... | 10.1038/nrn3025 | A review of stochastic descriptions of chemical kinetics: theory and simulations. |
10.1126/science.1152089 | 19,200,203 | AMPA glutamate receptors (AMPARs) mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission. Upon fast consecutive synaptic stimulation, transmission can be depressed. Recuperation from fast synaptic depression has been attributed solely to recovery of transmitter release and/or AMPAR desensitization. We show that AMPAR lateral di... | 10.1038/nrn3025 | This work shows how the exchange between desensitized neurotransmitter receptors and naive functional receptors by lateral diffusion contributes to the recovery from synaptic depression. |
10.1111/jsm.12365 | 62,299,828 | Abstract Introduction Sex steroids and genital surgery are known to affect sexual desire, but little research has focused on the effects of cross-sex hormone therapy and sex reassignment surgery on sexual desire in trans persons. Aim This study aims to explore associations between sex reassignment therapy (SRT) and sex... | 10.1038/nrurol.2017.64 | Evaluation of the sexual desires experienced by transgender patients after gender-confirming surgery. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.