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10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.07.017 | 4,615,221 | ABSTRACT Introduction Transgender individuals are underserved within the health care system but might increasingly seek urologic care as insurers expand coverage for medical and surgical gender transition. Aim To evaluate urology residents' exposure to transgender patient care and their perceived importance of transgen... | 10.1038/nrurol.2017.64 | Evaluation of resident exposure to transgender patient care in urology. |
10.1016/j.jalz.2008.10.004 | 39,429,346 | Background We evaluated the amounts of amyloid beta (Aβ)) peptides in the central nervous system (CNS) and in reservoirs outside the CNS and their potential impact on Aβ plasma levels and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Methods Amyloid β levels were measured in (1) the plasma of AD and nondemented (ND) controls in ... | 10.1038/nrneurol.2017.111 | This study evaluates Aβ levels in brain, peripheral organs and tissues, suggesting that brain as well as plasma Aβ levels are the consequence of intricate relationships between central and peripehral sources. |
10.1126/science.1194516 | 80,294,455 | Infectious Amyloid? Patients with Alzheimer's disease have characteristic lesions in the brains associated with masses of polymerized protein called β-amyloid. Recently, evidence from mouse models of Alzheimer's disease shows that brain extracts containing β-amyloid can “infect” otherwise healthy animals when injected ... | 10.1038/nrneurol.2017.111 | This study suggests that peripherally derived Aβ might enter the brain and participate in AD pathogenesis. |
10.1111/ene.12477 | 20,318,128 | Background and purpose Previous studies suggested that the overall burden of prior infections contributes to cardiovascular diseases and stroke. In the present study, the association between infectious burden ( IB ) and Alzheimer's disease ( AD ) was examined. Methods Antibody titers to common infectious pathogens incl... | 10.1038/nrneurol.2017.111 | This study offers the first evidence that an increased infectious burden is associated with AD, supporting the role of systemic infection and/or inflammation in the aetiopathogenesis of AD. |
10.1152/jn.2000.84.3.1422 | 102,578,679 | High-frequency activation of excitatory striatal synapses produces lasting changes in synaptic efficacy that may contribute to motor and cognitive functions. While some of the mechanisms responsible for the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) of excitatory synaptic responses at stri... | 10.1038/nrn1919 | The first study to demonstrate regional variations in the types and mechanisms of striatal synaptic plasticity. |
10.1101/lm.81004 | 123,321,969 | The involvement of different subregions of the striatum in place and response learning was examined using a T-maze. Rats were given NMDA lesions of the dorsolateral striatum (DLS), anterior dorsomedial striatum (ADMS), posterior dorsomedial striatum (PDMS), or sham surgery. They were then trained to retrieve food from ... | 10.1038/nrn1919 | References 47–49 present a series of studies that established for the first time a dissociation between S–R learning in the DLS and A–O learning in the pDMS. |
10.1523/jneurosci.3880-04.2005 | 61,641,029 | Acquisition of a new skill is generally associated with a decrease in the need for effortful control over performance, leading to the development of automaticity. Automaticity by definition has been achieved when performance of a primary task is minimally affected by other ongoing tasks. The neural basis of automaticit... | 10.1038/nrn1919 | References 85–88 show shifts in activation patterns of cortico-basal ganglia networks in the course of skill learning. |
10.1002/cne.23263 | 103,673,683 | Abstract The CA2 area is an important, although relatively unexplored, component of the hippocampus. We used various tracers to provide a comprehensive analysis of CA2 connections in C57BL/6J mice. Using various adeno‐associated viruses that express fluorescent proteins, we found a vasopressinergic projection from the ... | 10.1038/nrn.2015.22 | This is one of the first studies to specifically examine the synaptic input to and output from area CA2, reporting connections from the PVN and to the SuM. |
10.1073/pnas.92.16.7247 | 79,424,310 | We have generated herpes simplex virus (HSV) vectors vIE1GT and v alpha 4GT bearing the GLUT-1 isoform of the rat brain glucose transporter (GT) under the control of the human cytomegalovirus ie1 and HSV alpha 4 promoters, respectively. We previously reported that such vectors enhance glucose uptake in hippocampal cult... | 10.1038/nrn1006 | One of the earliest demonstrations of overexpressing a neuroprotective gene to protect against a necrotic insult. |
10.1073/pnas.210350097 | 21,550,168 | Numerous studies have demonstrated that gene therapy interventions can protect neurons from death after neurological insults. In nearly all such studies, however, “protection” consists of reduced neurotoxicity, with no demonstrated preservation of neuronal function. We used a herpes simplex virus-1 system to overexpres... | 10.1038/nrn1006 | An early demonstration that gene therapy strategies that spare neurons from death do not necessarily spare those neurons from dysfunction. |
10.1161/01.str.26.9.1670 | 101,846,874 | Background and Purpose A process resembling programmed cell death appears to contribute to postischemic neuronal loss in several models of stroke. Because the expression of the bcl-2 gene has been shown to rescue neurons from programmed cell death due to other causes, we determined whether it would be similarly neuropr... | 10.1038/nrn1006 | Another of the earliest demonstrations of overexpression of a protective gene against a necrotic neurological insult. |
10.1126/science.272.5259.263 | 82,900,657 | A retroviral vector system based on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was developed that, in contrast to a murine leukemia virus-based counterpart, transduced heterologous sequences into HeLa cells and rat fibroblasts blocked in the cell cycle, as well as into human primary macrophages. Additionally, the HIV vecto... | 10.1038/nrn1006 | The first report regarding the use of lentiviruses for gene therapy in the nervous system. |
10.1073/pnas.92.11.5144 | 63,359,681 | Distinct subpopulations of neurons in the brain contain one or more of the Ca(2+)-binding proteins calbindin D28k, calretinin, and parvalbumin. Although it has been shown that these high-affinity Ca(2+)-binding proteins can increase neuronal Ca2+ buffering capacity, it is not clear which aspects of neuronal physiology ... | 10.1038/nrn1006 | A key cautionary paper showing that a gene therapy strategy, while potentially protective against a necrotic insult, can significantly impair normal neuronal function. |
10.1073/pnas.160503997 | 65,352,349 | Gene transfer into neurons via viral vectors for protection against acute necrotic insults has generated considerable interest. Most studies have used constitutive vector systems, limiting the ability to control transgene expression in a dose-dependent, time-dependent, or reversible manner. We have constructed defectiv... | 10.1038/nrn1006 | A first demonstration that endocrine stress signals triggered by a necrotic neurological insult can be harnessed to induce expression of protective vectors. |
10.1126/science.8178168 | 107,211,237 | When the landmark patient Phineas Gage died in 1861, no autopsy was performed, but his skull was later recovered. The brain lesion that caused the profound personality changes for which his case became famous has been presumed to have involved the left frontal region, but questions have been raised about the involvemen... | 10.1038/nrn1220 | Damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex might result in behavioural disinhibition, as illustrated by this analysis of the brain injury suffered by Phineas Gage. |
10.1111/j.1943-278x.1994.tb00657.x | 150,307,324 | Suicide risk after attempted suicide, as predicted by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) monoamine metabolite concentrations, was studied in a sample of 92 psychiatric mood disorder inpatients admitted shortly after attempting suicide. The potential of the serotonin metabolite 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA) in the CSF to p... | 10.1038/nrn1220 | Low serotonin function can predict suicide on one year follow-up after discharge from hospital. |
10.1126/science.1178331 | 38,443,915 | Development of Myeloid Immune Cells As leukocytes develop to maturity, they proceed through an array of phenotypically distinct intermediates. For T and B lymphocyte populations, the different developmental stages, anatomical locations, and cell signals required for progression are well established. However, until rece... | 10.1038/nrneurol.2016.110 | An excellent review on the types and origins of myeloid cells. |
10.1126/science.1194637 | 20,828,539 | Primitive Origins for Microglia Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system and are associated with neurodegeneration and brain inflammatory diseases. Although the developmental origins of other tissue macrophage populations are well established, the origins of microglia remain controversial. G... | 10.1038/nrneurol.2016.110 | Seminal work that revealed the origin and development of microglia. |
10.1126/science.1219179 | 125,128,054 | Macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) are key components of cellular immunity and are thought to originate and renew from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, some macrophages develop in the embryo before the appearance of definitive HSCs. We thus reinvestigated macrophage development. We found that the transcript... | 10.1038/nrneurol.2016.110 | This paper showed for the first time that microglia precursor cells are MyB-independent, differentiating them from cells that are generated from haematopoietic stem cells. |
10.1126/science.1110647 | 104,394,772 | Microglial cells represent the immune system of the mammalian brain and therefore are critically involved in various injuries and diseases. Little is known about their role in the healthy brain and their immediate reaction to brain damage. By using in vivo two-photon imaging in neocortex, we found that microglial cells... | 10.1038/nrneurol.2016.110 | A seminal paper in which real-time videomicroscopy was used to show for the first time that microglial processes constantly move and survey their environment in vivo |
10.1084/jem.20132477 | 41,661,337 | In the human disorder multiple sclerosis (MS) and in the model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), macrophages predominate in demyelinated areas and their numbers correlate to tissue damage. Macrophages may be derived from infiltrating monocytes or resident microglia, yet are indistinguishable by light mic... | 10.1038/nrneurol.2016.110 | This important paper revealed the different roles of microglia and macrophages in the experimental autoimmune encephalitis brain. |
10.4049/jimmunol.0902542 | 124,103,063 | Abstract IFN-β is an approved therapeutic option for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. The molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of IFN-β in multiple sclerosis are not fully understood. Migration of dendritic cells (DCs) from the inflammatory site to draining lymph nodes for Ag presentation and activation of n... | 10.1038/nrneurol.2016.110 | An important paper that shows the direct effect of IFN-β on dendritic cells. |
10.4049/jimmunol.172.11.7144 | 59,121,532 | Abstract Glatiramer acetate (GA) therapy of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) represents a unique setting in which in vivo Th2 deviation of T cells is consistently observed and associated with clinical benefit in a human autoimmune disease. We postulated that APCs are important targets of GA therapy and demonstrate... | 10.1038/nrneurol.2016.110 | One of the first papers to describe the generation of regulatory myeloid cells by glatiramer acetate. |
10.1073/pnas.0812183106 | 16,843,144 | Mechanisms of action as well as cellular targets of glatiramer acetate (GA) in multiple sclerosis (MS) are still not entirely understood. IL-1β is present in CNS-infiltrating macrophages and microglial cells and is an important mediator of inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), the MS animal model.... | 10.1038/nrneurol.2016.110 | This study shows that human monocytes are responsive to glatiramer acetate and that they increase their regulatory properties as a result. |
10.1084/jem.20100977 | 81,931,095 | Fumarates improve multiple sclerosis (MS) and psoriasis, two diseases in which both IL-12 and IL-23 promote pathogenic T helper (Th) cell differentiation. However, both diseases show opposing responses to most established therapies. First, we show in humans that fumarate treatment induces IL-4–producing Th2 cells in vi... | 10.1038/nrneurol.2016.110 | This manuscript suggested for the first time that dimethylfumarate has an effect on the generation of regulatory dendritic cells. |
10.1126/scitranslmed.aab4176 | 103,830,453 | GM-CSF–producing B cells contribute to multiple sclerosis pathogenesis and the therapeutic action of B cell depletion. | 10.1038/nrneurol.2016.110 | An excellent paper that showed that the depletion of B cells in patients with multiple sclerosis led to decreases in proinflammatory myeloid responses. |
10.1523/jneurosci.1268-12.2013 | 29,106,497 | Brain sexual differentiation in rodents results from the perinatal testicular androgen surge. In the preoptic area (POA), estradiol aromatized from testosterone upregulates the production of the proinflammatory molecule, prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) to produce sex-specific brain development. PGE 2 produces a two-fold gre... | 10.1038/s41386-018-0148-z | These studies demonstrate that immune cells in the brain interact with the nervous and endocrine systems during development and are crucial for sexual differentiation of brain and behavior |
10.1073/pnas.0801581105 | 17,760,664 | Cortical information storage requires combined changes in connectivity and synaptic strength between neurons, but the signaling mechanisms underlying this two-step wiring plasticity are unknown. Because acute 17β-estradiol (E2) modulates cortical memory, we examined its effects on spine morphogenesis, AMPA receptor tra... | 10.1038/s41386-018-0148-z | In this study the authors observed that E2 rapidly alters neuronal “wiring” by increasing synaptic spines; however, the effects of estradiol on neuronal connections only become permanent if followed by activity-dependent depolarization |
10.1073/pnas.0910578107 | 123,338,733 | The involvement of epigenetic alterations in mediating effects of estrogens on memory is unknown. The present study determined whether histone acetylation and DNA methylation are critical for the potent estrogen 17β-estradiol (E 2 ) to enhance object recognition memory. We show that dorsal hippocampal E 2 infusion incr... | 10.1038/s41386-018-0148-z | The authors demonstrate that the beneficial effects of E2 on memory consolidation are associated with epigenetic alterations and mediated by dorsal hippocampal ERK signaling |
10.1073/pnas.94.16.8836 | 121,792,510 | There is considerable evidence from animal studies that gonadal steroid hormones modulate neuronal activity and affect behavior. To study this in humans directly, we used H 2 15 O positron-emission tomography to measure regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in young women during three pharmacologically controlled hormona... | 10.1038/s41386-018-0148-z | The first demonstration in women that physiologic levels of ovarian steroids modulate the activation of specific brain regions including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during working memory |
10.1073/pnas.0605569104 | 38,210,043 | There is considerable evidence from animal studies that the mesolimbic and mesocortical dopamine systems are sensitive to circulating gonadal steroid hormones. Less is known about the influence of estrogen and progesterone on the human reward system. To investigate this directly, we used functional MRI and an event-rel... | 10.1038/s41386-018-0148-z | A neuroimaging study demonstrating in women that the activation of the reward network changes across the normal menstrual cycle. |
10.1111/j.1365-2826.2009.01831.x | 100,483,112 | XX and XY cells have a different number of X and Y genes. These differences in their genomes cause sex differences in the functions of cells, both in the gonads and in non‐gonadal tissues. This review discusses mouse models that have shed light on these direct genetic effects of sex chromosomes that cause sex differenc... | 10.1038/s41386-018-0148-z | A review of the landmark strategies developed by the author and his colleagues to investigate sex hormone-independent effects on brain organization |
10.1126/science.1233521 | 83,540,428 | Mighty Male Microbes Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to an individual's susceptibility to autoimmune disease, but the specific environmental influences are not well characterized. Markle et al. (p. 1084 , published online 17 January; see the Perspective by Flak et al. ) explored how microbial factors,... | 10.1038/s41386-018-0148-z | These investigators were able to eliminate the 4–5-fold increased risk for diabetes in female NOD mice by transplantation of gut contents from an adult male to the young female—an effect mediated by the increased testosterone production from the transplanted microbiota. |
10.1002/jnr.23830 | 79,743,933 | Although, overwhelmingly, behavior is similar in males and females, and, correspondingly, the brains are similar, sex differences permeate both brain and behavioral measures, and these differences have been the focus of increasing scrutiny by neuroscientists. This Review describes milestones from more than 3 decades of... | 10.1038/s41386-018-0148-z | A comprehensive review of the evolution of findings from a range of brain imaging techniques supporting the presence of sex differences in both structural and functional connectivity in the human brain |
10.1073/pnas.1316909110 | 62,211,962 | Significance Sex differences are of high scientific and societal interest because of their prominence in behavior of humans and nonhuman species. This work is highly significant because it studies a very large population of 949 youths (8–22 y, 428 males and 521 females) using the diffusion-based structural connectome o... | 10.1038/s41386-018-0148-z | The authors demonstrated that the connectivity patterns in the brains of women may result in different processing of information, favoring better integration of between-hemisphere, analytical, and intuitive modes. |
10.1523/jneurosci.4437-15.2016 | 60,156,477 | Estradiol (E2) acutely potentiates glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the hippocampus of both male and female rats. Here, we investigated whether E2-induced synaptic potentiation occurs via presynaptic and/or postsynaptic mechanisms and which estrogen receptors (ERs) mediate E2's effects in each sex. Whole-cell vol... | 10.1038/s41386-018-0148-z | Using whole cell voltage clamp recordings in dorsal hippocampal tissue slices, the authors demonstrate that estradiol acutely potentiates glutamatergic synapses similarly in both sexes, but distinct ER subtypes mediate the presynaptic and postsynaptic aspects of potentiation in each sex. This provides an example of a l... |
10.31887/dcns.2016.18.4/rvalentino | 41,075,584 | The recognition that there are fundamental biological sex differences that extend beyond those that define sexual behavior and reproductive function has inspired the drive toward inclusion of both sexes in research design. This is supported by an underlying clinical rationale that studying both sexes is necessary to el... | 10.1038/s41386-018-0148-z | A review article focusing on CRF and the stress axis in which the authors discuss how the impact of sex on cell signaling and protein trafficking at the molecular level can create a differential vulnerability to a range of psychiatric illnesses |
10.1523/jneurosci.2265-10.2010 | 38,871,944 | Acute stress exposure enhances classical eyeblink conditioning in male rats, whereas exposure to the same event dramatically impairs performance in females (Wood and Shors, 1998; Wood et al., 2001). We hypothesized that stress affects learning differently in males and females because different brain regions and circuit... | 10.1038/s41386-018-0148-z | The authors investigated the mechanisms underlying the sex differences in the effects of stress on hippocampal learning in which acute stress exposure enhances classical eyeblink conditioning in male rats but impairs it in females. These data indicated that the mPFC is critically involved in females during stress to im... |
10.1523/jneurosci.3777-05.2006 | 104,146,419 | Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) and androgen receptor (AR) are found in high levels within populations of neurons in the hypothalamus. To determine whether AR or ERβ plays a role in regulating hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis function by direct action on these neurons, we examined the effects of central implants of 1... | 10.1038/s41386-018-0148-z | Demonstration that the sex differences in HPA axis response to stress, specifically a decreased HPA axis in males, is mediated by a metabolite of the androgen DHT acting through estrogen receptor-beta. |
10.1523/jneurosci.1534-13.2013 | 83,223,005 | NMNAT2 is an NAD + -synthesizing enzyme with an essential axon maintenance role in primary culture neurons. We have generated an Nmnat2 gene trap mouse to examine the role of NMNAT2 in vivo . Homozygotes die perinatally with a severe peripheral nerve/axon defect and truncated axons in the optic nerve and other CNS regi... | 10.1038/nrn3680 | This study demonstrates that severe depletion of NMNAT2 in mice causes defects in axon growth both in peripheral nerves and in CNS, leading to perinatal lethality. WLD S rescues these defects and abolishes the lethality caused by NMNAT2 deprivation. |
10.1523/jneurosci.5469-08.2009 | 62,293,912 | Axonal degeneration is a hallmark of many neurological disorders. Studies in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases indicate that axonal degeneration is an early event in the disease process, and delaying this process can lead to decreased progression of the disease and survival extension. Overexpression of the Wa... | 10.1038/nrn3680 | This report shows that although NMNAT activity is critical for delaying axon degeneration after injury, increasing neuronal NAD + levels pharmacologically or genetically does not have the same effect. The authors propose that an unknown property of this enzyme activity other than NAD + synthesis underlies the protectiv... |
10.1126/science.281.5382.1519 | 62,552,923 | Cyanobacteria are the simplest organisms known to have a circadian clock. A circadian clock gene cluster kaiABC was cloned from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus. Nineteen clock mutations were mapped to the three kai genes. Promoter activities upstream of the kaiA and kaiB genes showed circadian rhythms of expression, a... | 10.1038/nrmicro774 | The discovery of the kai genes and their function of central oscillator in the cyanobacterial clock. |
10.1046/j.1365-2443.2003.00633.x | 104,320,303 | Abstract Background: KaiA, KaiB and KaiC are cyanobacterial circadian clock proteins. KaiC contains two ATP/GTP‐binding Walker's motif As, and mutations in these regions affect the clock oscillations. Results: ATP induced the hexamerization of KaiC. The K m value for the ATP for the hexamerization was 1.9 µ m . Triphos... | 10.1038/nrmicro774 | References 39 and 40 show that homotypic interactions of KaiC result in a hexamer and that this formation is necessary for clock function. |
10.1073/pnas.232517099 | 81,707,592 | In the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus (PCC 7942) the proteins KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC are required for circadian clock function. We deduced a circadian clock function for KaiA from a combination of biochemical and structural data. Both KaiA and its isolated carboxyl-terminal domain (KaiA180C) stimulated KaiC autop... | 10.1038/nrmicro774 | The first use of combined structural and biochemical data to denote function to a clock protein. |
10.1126/science.289.5480.765 | 41,524,495 | The circadian oscillator of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus , like those in eukaryotes, is entrained by environmental cues. Inactivation of the gene cikA (circadian input kinase) shortens the circadian period of gene expression rhythms in S . elongatus by approximately 2 hours, changes the phasing of a subse... | 10.1038/nrmicro774 | This study describes a key component required for resetting the clock to environmental input signals. |
10.1073/pnas.95.15.8660 | 102,947,220 | In some organisms longevity, growth, and developmental rate are improved when they are maintained on a light/dark cycle, the period of which “resonates” optimally with the period of the endogenous circadian clock. However, to our knowledge no studies have demonstrated that reproductive fitness per se is improved by res... | 10.1038/nrmicro774 | This study shows a biological advantage of possessing a circadian rhythm that closely matches the length of external cycles. |
10.1073/pnas.0608891104 | 18,956,689 | Presynaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors are emerging as key players in the regulation of synaptic transmission. Here we identify GluR7, a kainate receptor (KAR) subunit with no known function in the brain, as an essential subunit of presynaptic autoreceptors that facilitate hippocampal mossy fiber synaptic transmiss... | 10.1038/nrn2379 | This study provided the first demonstration of a physiological function for the GluR7 subunit of KARs in the brain and suggested that presynaptic autoreceptors are located close to glutamate release sites. |
10.1126/science.1057105 | 104,014,985 | Inhibition of transmitter release by presynaptic receptors is widespread in the central nervous system and is typically mediated via metabotropic receptors. In contrast, very little is known about facilitatory receptors, and synaptic activation of a facilitatory autoreceptor has not been established. Here we show that ... | 10.1038/nrn2379 | This study gave the first demonstration that presynaptic KARs contribute significantly to the high dynamic range of hippocampal mossy fibre synapses, which was previously thought to be an intrinsic property of these synapses. |
10.1126/science.1135468 | 58,368,999 | We found that, in the mouse visual cortex, action potentials generated in a single layer-2/3 pyramidal (excitatory) neuron can reliably evoke large, constant-latency inhibitory postsynaptic currents in other nearby pyramidal cells. This effect is mediated by axo-axonic ionotropic glutamate receptor–mediated excitation ... | 10.1038/nrn2379 | This study demonstrated that cortical excitatory neurons can generate inhibition through axo-axonic contacts with GABAergic terminals without the need for somatic interneuron firing. |
10.1073/pnas.0308408100 | 20,363,563 | Interactions between separate synaptic inputs converging on the same target appear to contribute to the fine-tuning of information processing in the central nervous system. Intersynaptic crosstalk is made possible by transmitter spillover from the synaptic cleft and its diffusion over a distance to neighboring synapses... | 10.1038/nrn2379 | This study showed that dynamic changes in the astrocytic coverage of magnocellular neurons during lactation alter the spillover of glutamate and modulate mGluR-mediated depression of GABAergic transmission. |
10.1146/annurev-biochem-060408-172623 | 4,609,006 | AAA+ family proteolytic machines (ClpXP, ClpAP, ClpCP, HslUV, Lon, FtsH, PAN/20S, and the 26S proteasome) perform protein quality control and are used in regulatory circuits in all cells. These machines contain a compartmental protease, with active sites sequestered in an interior chamber, and a hexameric ring of AAA+ ... | 10.1038/nrmicro2669 | State of the art review on structure–function relationship and the mechanism of protein degradation by AAA+ proteases. |
10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01221.x | 18,768,288 | The suppressor mutation, named sfhC21 , that allows Escherichia coli ftsH null mutant cells to survive was found to be an allele of fabZ encoding R ‐3‐hydroxyacyl‐ACP dehydrase, involved in a key step of fatty acid biosynthesis, and appears to upregulate the dehydrase. The ftsH1 (Ts) mutation increased the amount of li... | 10.1038/nrmicro2669 | Identifies the role of the FtsH protease in the biosynthesis of outer membrane components, thus explaining the importance of this protein in E. coli |
10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.02097.x | 81,115,543 | Most bacterial proteins are stable, with half‐lives considerably longer than the generation time. In Escherichia coli , the few exceptions are unstable regulatory proteins. The results presented here indicate that the first enzyme in methionine biosynthesis – homoserine trans‐succinylase (HTS) – is unstable and subject... | 10.1038/nrmicro2669 | Describes the role of proteolysis in regulating the growth rate of E. coli at high temperatures. |
10.1073/pnas.0808807105 | 15,504,267 | Dynamic protein localization is an integral component of the regulatory circuit that drives the Caulobacter cell cycle. The ClpXP protease is localized to the Caulobacter cell pole, where it catalyzes the degradation of the CtrA master regulator at specific times in the cell cycle. Clearance of active CtrA at the G1/S ... | 10.1038/nrmicro2669 | Shows that regulation of differentiation in Caulobacter crescentus results from the localization of a proteolytic complex that controls the initiation of cell division. |
10.1126/science.1056490 | 104,148,527 | Filopodia that extend from neuronal growth cones sample the environment for extracellular guidance cues, but the signals they transmit to growth cones are unknown. Filopodia were observed generating localized transient elevations of intracellular calcium ([Ca 2+ ] i ) that propagate back to the growth cone and stimulat... | 10.1038/nrn1844 | Shows that individual filopodia of Xenopus spinal neurons undergo spontaneous Ca 2+ transients that signal back to the growth cone. The frequency of filopodial Ca 2+ transients depends on the culture substrata, and stabilizes filopodial movements. If produced disproportionately on one side of the growth cone, local tra... |
10.1523/jneurosci.0871-05.2005 | 19,249,130 | A single axon can innervate multiple targets by collateral branching. Axon branching is thus essential for establishing CNS connectivity. However, surprisingly little is known about the mechanisms by which branching is regulated. Axons often stop elongating before branches develop and anatomical and molecular data sugg... | 10.1038/nrn1844 | Although it has been recognized for years that Ca 2+ transients function at the terminal of growing axons to regulate extension, the function of Ca 2+ signals in axon branching was not established. This report shows that netrin stimulates Ca 2+ transients and branching of cortical neurons. Axon branching requires Ca 2+... |
10.1523/jneurosci.2680-05.2005 | 123,217,366 | Extracellular cues guide axon outgrowth by activating intracellular signaling cascades that control the growth cone cytoskeleton. However, the spatial and temporal coordination of signaling intermediates remains essentially unknown. Live imaging of tyrosine phosphorylation in growth cones revealed dynamic phospho-tyros... | 10.1038/nrn1844 | The authors find that Src family kinases phosphorylate the CDC42 effector p21-activated kinase at the tips of filopodia to regulate filopodial protrusion in response to BDNF and netrin. These results suggest that Src may serve as a crucial mediator between distinct guidance cue receptors and the cytoskeleton. The paper... |
10.1126/science.1158391 | 125,172,536 | The extent to which synaptic activity can signal a sensory stimulus limits the information available to a neuron. We determined the contribution of individual synapses to sensory representation by recording excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in cerebellar granule cells during a time-varying, quantifiable vestibul... | 10.1038/nrn3648 | In this study, the authors directly measure the contribution of individualsynaptic inputs to the representation of velocity signals in cerebellar granule cells. |
10.1126/science.1179850 | 41,545,070 | Columns, Connections, and Correlations What is the nature of interactions between neurons in neural circuits? The prevalent hypothesis suggests that dense local connectivity causes nearby cortical neurons to receive substantial amounts of common input, which in turn leads to strong correlations between them. Now two st... | 10.1038/nrn3648 | This study uses theoretical modelling and population recording to show that cortical networks can maintain a desynchronized state despite strong and dense recurrent connectivity. Network excitation and inhibition track one another, with the overall effect of reducing correlated firing among neurons receiving similar pa... |
10.1084/jem.20100257 | 107,225,407 | Intracellular pathogens and endogenous danger signals in the cytosol engage NOD-like receptors (NLRs), which assemble inflammasome complexes to activate caspase-1 and promote the release of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. However, the NLRs that respond to microbial pathogens in vivo are poorly defined. We sh... | 10.1038/nrmicro3428 | This report establishes redundant roles for NLRP3 and NLRC4 during host defence against NTS bacteraemia. |
10.1126/science.1240988 | 62,585,957 | Move Over, TLR4 The innate immune system senses bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) (see the Perspective by Kagan ). However, Kayagaki et al. (p 1246 , published online 25 July) and Hagar et al. (p. 1250 ) report that the hexa-acyl lipid A component of LPS from Gramnegative bacteria i... | 10.1038/nrmicro3428 | The first of two reports establishing that caspase 11 is a cytosolic LPS sensor that detects the presence of bacteria in the cytosol. |
10.1126/science.1240248 | 125,226,065 | Move Over, TLR4 The innate immune system senses bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) (see the Perspective by Kagan ). However, Kayagaki et al. (p 1246 , published online 25 July) and Hagar et al. (p. 1250 ) report that the hexa-acyl lipid A component of LPS from Gramnegative bacteria i... | 10.1038/nrmicro3428 | The second of two reports establishing that caspase 11 is a cytosolic LPS sensor that detects the presence of bacteria in the cytosol. |
10.1073/pnas.1006098107 | 123,162,410 | Salmonella enterica is an intracellular bacterial pathogen that resides and proliferates within a membrane-bound vacuole in epithelial cells of the gut and gallbladder. Although essential to disease, how Salmonella escapes from its intracellular niche and spreads to secondary cells within the same host, or to a new hos... | 10.1038/nrmicro3428 | This is the first report on a new pathway of inflammasome activation in intestinal epithelial cells, which requires lysis of the SCV. |
10.1073/pnas.0304752101 | 79,370,358 | Cortical information processing requires an orchestrated interaction between a large number of pyramidal cells and albeit fewer, but highly diverse GABAergic interneurons (INs). The diversity of INs is thought to reflect functional and structural specializations evolved to control distinct network operations. Consequen... | 10.1038/nrn3937 | This paper provides the first demonstration of CB1-dependent tonic inhibition of GABA release. |
10.1038/ismej.2013.8 | 60,029,830 | Abstract Planococcus halocryophilus strain Or1, isolated from high Arctic permafrost, grows and divides at −15 °C, the lowest temperature demonstrated to date, and is metabolically active at −25 °C in frozen permafrost microcosms. To understand how P. halocryophilus Or1 remains active under the subzero and osmotically ... | 10.1038/nrmicro3262 | This study shows an Arctic permafrost bacterial isolate to be capable of growth at −15 °C and capable of metabolic activity at −25 °C in permafrost microcosms. |
10.1038/ismej.2010.41 | 125,064,771 | Abstract The fate of the carbon stocked in permafrost following global warming and permafrost thaw is of major concern in view of the potential for increased CH4 and CO2 emissions from these soils. Complex carbon compound degradation and greenhouse gas emissions are due to soil microbial communities, but no comprehensi... | 10.1038/nrmicro3262 | This paper provides the first detailed functional analysis of potential functions in permafrost on the basis of metagenome sequencing of a permafrost core. |
10.1073/pnas.1209793110 | 103,635,549 | The ability of terrestrial microorganisms to grow in the near-surface environment of Mars is of importance to the search for life and protection of that planet from forward contamination by human and robotic exploration. Because most water on present-day Mars is frozen in the regolith, permafrosts are considered to be ... | 10.1038/nrmicro3262 | This paper describes six Carnobacterium isolates from Siberian permafrost that are capable of growth under extremes of cold, low-pressure and anoxic conditions. |
10.1038/ismej.2013.140 | 104,331,708 | Abstract Microbial metabolic activity occurs at subzero temperatures in permafrost, an environment representing ∼25% of the global soil organic matter. Although much of the observed subzero microbial activity may be due to basal metabolism or macromolecular repair, there is also ample evidence for cellular growth. Unfo... | 10.1038/nrmicro3262 | This paper uses stable-isotope probing to demonstrate subzero DNA synthesis in permafrost at temperatures as low as −20 °C. |
10.1126/science.8303301 | 18,795,716 | Interleukin-1β converting enzyme (ICE) is a mammalian homolog of CED-3, a protein required for programmed cell death in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans . The activity of ICE can be specifically inhibited by the product of crmA , a cytokine response modifier gene encoded by cowpox virus. Microinjection of the crmA g... | 10.1038/nrn3228 | This is the first demonstration of the role of caspases in mediating neuronal cell death. |
10.1126/science.1179735 | 123,497,802 | Promoting Axon Formation How do neurons initiate one axon and lots of dendrites? Using an in vitro assay involving stripes of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), Shelly et al. (p. 547 ) show that an increase in cAMP initiates axon formation while an increase in cGMP initiate... | 10.1038/nrn2996 | An important crosstalk of cyclic nucleotides demonstrated by imaging of their spatiotemporal dynamics in neurons. |
10.1002/cyto.a.20685 | 100,389,473 | Abstract Biofilms are agglomerates of microorganisms surrounded by a self‐produced extracellular matrix. During the last 10 years, there has been an increasing recognition of biofilms as a highly significant topic in microbiology with relevance for a variety of areas in our society including the environment, industry, ... | 10.1038/nrmicro3010 | This comprehensive review describes the utility of flow cells and provides a summary of biofilm flow cell studies. |
10.1126/science.1099390 | 104,375,088 | A fraction of a genetically homogeneous microbial population may survive exposure to stress such as antibiotic treatment. Unlike resistant mutants, cells regrown from such persistent bacteria remain sensitive to the antibiotic. We investigated the persistence of single cells of Escherichia coli with the use of microflu... | 10.1038/nrmicro3010 | This report describes the use of microfluidics to trap individual bacteria and study the response of bacterial persisters to antibiotic treatments. |
10.1073/pnas.0705843104 | 38,408,541 | Human attentional control is unrivaled. We recently proposed that adults depend on distinct frontoparietal and cinguloopercular networks for adaptive online task control versus more stable set control, respectively. During development, both experience-dependent evoked activity and spontaneous waves of synchronized cort... | 10.1038/nrn4025 | Uses resting-state fMRI to show that development of adult control networks involves both segregation (that is, decreased short-range connections) and integration (that is, increased long-range connections) of the brain regions that comprise them. |
10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.00992.x | 20,662,221 | Abstract Two experiments examined the hypothesis that developing visual attentional mechanisms influence infants’ Visual Short‐Term Memory (VSTM) in the context of multiple items. Five‐ and 10‐month‐old infants (N = 76) received a change detection task in which arrays of three differently colored squares appeared and d... | 10.1038/nrn4025 | Shows that infants as young as 5 months of age can encode information in VSTM from multiple-object arrays, and that attention-directing cues influence both perceptual-memory and VSTM encoding of stimuli in infants, as they do in adults. |
10.1111/desc.12084 | 102,978,476 | Abstract The present study examined the hypothesis that inhibitory visual selection mechanisms play a vital role in memory by limiting distractor interference during item encoding. In Experiment 1a we used a modified spatial cueing task in which 9‐month‐old infants encoded multiple category exemplars in the contexts of... | 10.1038/nrn4025 | This study showed that 9-month-old infants have better recognition memory for category exemplars encoded in the context of an attention-orienting mechanism involving suppression of distactor information in contrast with a condition in which such suppression is not engaged. |
10.1162/jocn_a_00526 | 57,847,294 | Selective attention biases the encoding and maintenance of representations in visual STM (VSTM). However, precise attentional mechanisms gating encoding and maintenance in VSTM and across development remain less well understood. We recorded EEG while adults and 10-year-olds used cues to guide attention before encoding ... | 10.1038/nrn4025 | Uses electroencephalography to show that adults, but not children, elicit a set of neural markers that are broadly similar in preparation for encoding and during maintenance in VSTM. |
10.1073/pnas.0308061100 | 103,815,380 | AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a highly conserved sensor of cellular energy status found in all eukaryotic cells. AMPK is activated by stimuli that increase the cellular AMP/ATP ratio. Essential to activation of AMPK is its phosphorylation at Thr-172 by an upstream kinase, AMPKK, whose identity in mammalian cel... | 10.1038/nrurol.2016.272 | This is one of three papers that first linked the tumour suppressor LKB1 to AMPK, thus implicating AMPK as a potential tumour suppressor. |
10.1002/emmm.201302734 | 20,438,822 | Abstract 5′AMP‐activated kinase (AMPK) constitutes a hub for cellular metabolic and growth control, thus representing an ideal therapeutic target for prostate cancers (PCas) characterized by increased lipogenesis and activation of mTORC 1 pathway. However, whether AMPK activation itself is sufficient to block cancer ce... | 10.1038/nrurol.2016.272 | In this study, pharmacological activation of AMPK complexes by a novel direct AMPK agonist suppressed prostate cancer cell growth. In addition, genetic knockout of AMPKα2 lead to increased proliferation in a mouse model of prostatic hyperplasia. |
10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-0861 | 19,698,644 | Abstract 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an energy sensor that controls cell metabolism, and it has been related to apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. Although its role in metabolic homeostasis is well documented, its function in cancer is much less clear. In this study, we examined the role of AMPK in a mouse ... | 10.1038/nrurol.2016.272 | This study demonstrated that AMPK had oncogenic roles in Ras-driven brain tumours by phosphorylating and inactivating the tumour suppressor Rb, leading to increased cancer cell proliferation. |
10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-2581 | 20,453,889 | Abstract While patients with advanced prostate cancer initially respond favorably to androgen ablation therapy, most experience a relapse of the disease within 1–2 years. Although hormone-refractory disease is unresponsive to androgen-deprivation, androgen receptor (AR)-regulated signaling pathways remain active and ar... | 10.1038/nrurol.2016.272 | This was the first study to describe a potential oncogenic role for the CaMKK2-AMPK signalling cascade in prostate cancer. |
10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0631 | 124,226,865 | Abstract The molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of prostate cancer are poorly understood. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a serine-threonine kinase that is activated in response to the hypoxic conditions found in human prostate cancers. In response to energy depletion, AMPK activatio... | 10.1038/nrurol.2016.272 | This study demonstrated that AMPK increased prostate cancer cell proliferation and that increased AMPK activity correlated with prostate cancer in patients. |
10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0579 | 61,621,281 | Abstract AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an evolutionarily conserved energy sensor important for cell growth, proliferation, survival, and metabolic regulation. Active AMPK inhibits biosynthetic enzymes like mTOR and acetyl CoA carboxylase (required for protein and lipid synthesis, respectively) to ensure that c... | 10.1038/nrurol.2016.272 | This study demonstrated that the commonly used antagonist of AMPK, compound C, has significant off-target effects. |
10.1042/bj3340177 | 122,823,287 | Mammalian AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the downstream component of a cascade that is activated by cellular stresses associated with ATP depletion. AMPK exists as heterotrimeric αβγ complexes, where the catalytic subunit has two isoforms (α1 and α2) with different tissue distributions. The budding yeast homolo... | 10.1038/nrurol.2016.272 | This study showed that the two different AMPKα catalytic subunits have distinct subcellular locations. |
10.2337/diabetes.52.4.926 | 82,583,167 | An acute bout of exercise increases skeletal muscle glucose uptake, improves glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity, and enhances muscle oxidative capacity. Recent studies have shown an association between these adaptations and the energy-sensing 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the activity of which is inc... | 10.1038/nrurol.2016.272 | This study demonstrated in yeast that the AMPK beta subunits can define which downstream targets AMPK will phosphorylate/regulate. |
10.1158/2159-8290.cd-11-0234 | 104,139,725 | Abstract Alterations in metabolic activity contribute to the proliferation and survival of cancer cells. We investigated the effect of siRNA-mediated gene silencing of 222 metabolic enzymes, transporters, and regulators on the survival of 3 metastatic prostate cancer cell lines and a nonmalignant prostate epithelial ce... | 10.1038/nrurol.2016.272 | This article described the identification of the AMPKβ1 subunit as an essential component for prostate cancer cell-specific survival from an unbiased siRNA functional screen. |
10.1042/bj3480607 | 125,087,241 | Although metformin is widely used for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes, its mode of action remains unclear. Here we provide evidence that its primary site of action is through a direct inhibition of complex 1 of the respiratory chain. Metformin (50 μM) inhibited mitochondrial oxidation of glutamate+malat... | 10.1038/nrurol.2016.272 | This study, along with El-Mir et al . was the first reports demonstrating that metformin did not directly activate AMPK, but rather indirectly stimulated AMPK by inhibiting the respiratory chain complex I. This inhibition leads to an increase in AMP:ATP ratios which can, among other effects, increase AMPK activity. |
10.1126/science.1072356 | 19,037,784 | Synapses, the junctions between nerve cells through which they communicate, are formed by the coordinated assembly and tight attachment of pre- and postsynaptic specializations. We now show that SynCAM is a brain-specific, immunoglobulin domain–containing protein that binds to intracellular PDZ-domain proteins and func... | 10.1038/nrn1517 | This paper identifies SynCAM, a homophilic cell-adhesion molecule of the immunoglobulin superfamily located on both sides of the synapse, which promotes synapse formation by interacting with cytoplasmic PDZ proteins. |
10.1126/science.1072873 | 20,607,154 | N -methyl- d -aspartate receptors (NMDARs) mediate ischemic brain damage but also mediate essential neuronal excitation. To treat stroke without blocking NMDARs, we transduced neurons with peptides that disrupted the interaction of NMDARs with the postsynaptic density protein PSD-95. This procedure dissociated NMDARs f... | 10.1038/nrn1517 | A synthetic peptide that mimics the PDZ-binding C terminus of an NMDAR subunit (NR2B) blocks NMDA-induced excitotoxicity without affecting NMDAR function, suggesting the therapeutic potential of this approach in stroke treatment. |
10.1126/science.1082475 | 62,565,591 | Synaptic plasticity involves the reorganization of synapses at the protein and the morphological levels. Here, we report activity-dependent remodeling of synapses by serum-inducible kinase (SNK). SNK was induced in hippocampal neurons by synaptic activity and was targeted to dendritic spines. SNK bound to and phosphory... | 10.1038/nrn1517 | SNK, a protein kinase induced by synaptic activity, binds to and phosphorylates SPAR, a postsynaptic GAP for the small GTPase Rap, leading to degradation of SPAR by the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway, and resulting in activity-dependent loss of synapses and spines. |
10.1126/science.1069081 | 109,156,792 | The site of induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) at mossy fiber–CA3 synapses in the hippocampus is unresolved, with data supporting both pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms. Here we report that mossy fiber LTP was reduced by perfusion of postsynaptic neurons with peptides and antibodies that interfere with binding of... | 10.1038/nrn1517 | This paper shows that the PDZ interaction of EphB receptors with GRIP and trans-synaptic interactions between B-ephrins and EphB receptors are important for the induction of mossy fibre LTP in the CA3 area of the hippocampus. |
10.1126/science.1082915 | 20,389,779 | Cerebellar long-term depression (LTD) is a model of synaptic memory that requires protein kinase C (PKC) activation and is expressed as a reduction in the number of postsynaptic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptors. LTD was absent in cultured cerebellar Purkinje cells from mutant mice lacki... | 10.1038/nrn1517 | By rescue experiments in GluR2-deficient Purkinje cell cultures, the authors show that phosphorylation of Ser880 in GLUR2 is required for the induction of cerebellar LTD. |
10.1126/science.288.5472.1796 | 103,279,231 | Experiments with vesicles containing N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) receptor 2B (NR2B subunit) show that they are transported along microtubules by KIF17, a neuron-specific molecular motor in neuronal dendrites. Selective transport is accomplished by direct interaction of the KIF17 tail with a PDZ domain of mLin-10 (Mi... | 10.1038/nrn1517 | The KIF17 kinesin motor is shown to interact with the PDZ1 domain of LIN10 and to transport the LIN2/LIN7/LIN10/NMDAR complex to synapses, suggesting that PDZ proteins can function as receptors that link motors to their specific cargoes. |
10.1523/jneurosci.21-22-08931.2001 | 51,020,008 | This functional magnetic resonance imaging study investigated the impact of early auditory deprivation and/or use of a visuospatial language [American sign language (ASL)] on the organization of neural systems important in visual motion processing by comparing hearing controls with deaf and hearing native signers. Part... | 10.1038/nrn848 | This work shows the separate effects of deafness and signing on the reorganization of visual functions. |
10.1073/pnas.090572597 | 122,097,758 | Somatotopic maps in the cortex and the thalamus of adult monkeys and humans reorganize in response to altered inputs. After loss of the sensory afferents from the forelimb in monkeys because of transection of the dorsal columns of the spinal cord, therapeutic amputation of an arm or transection of the dorsal roots of t... | 10.1038/nrn848 | References 87–89 show that although subcortical structures are often considered to be fixed, recent evidence is converging to establish a role for subcortical circuits in plasticity. |
10.1038/ismej.2008.109 | 103,548,193 | Abstract Mature Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms undergo specific developmental events. Using a bacteriophage mutant, generated by deletion of the entire filamentous Pf4 prophage, we show that the phage is essential for several stages of the biofilm life cycle and that it significantly contributes to the virulence of P.... | 10.1038/nrmicro2695 | This study demonstrates that biofilm development, cell death, stability of the biofilm and the formation of dispersal variants in P. aeruginosa are dependent on the presence of a prophage in the host genome. |
10.1099/mic.0.27536-0 | 20,460,828 | There is growing evidence that Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms exhibit a multicellular developmental life cycle analogous to that of the myxobacteria. In non-mucoid PAO1 biofilms cultured in glass flow cells the phenotypic differentiation of microcolonies into a motile phenotype in the interior of the microcolony and a... | 10.1038/nrmicro2695 | These authors find that the biofilms of P. aeruginosa undergo active dispersal by means of a motile subpopulation within microcolonies, and that dispersal is dependent on quorum sensing. |
10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00775.x | 20,382,087 | Summary The biofilm lifestyle, where microbial cells are aggregated because of expression of cell‐to‐cell interconnecting compounds, is believed to be of paramount importance to microbes in the environment. Because microbes must be able to alternate between sessile and planktonic states, it is anticipated that they mus... | 10.1038/nrmicro2695 | This investigation demonstrates that starvation-induced dispersal of P. putida is mediated via cleavage and release of the adhesin LapA, and that the starvation cue operates via the intracellular second messenger c-di-GMP. |
10.1126/science.1188628 | 41,534,301 | Biofilm Today, Gone Tomorrow Most bacteria can form complex, matrix-containing multicellular communities known as biofilms, which protect residents from environmental stresses such as antibiotic exposure. However, as biofilms age, nutrients become limiting and waste products accumulate, and biofim disassembly is trigge... | 10.1038/nrmicro2695 | This report describes the role of D -amino acids in triggering biofilm dispersal in B. subtilis and shows that the mode of action is via triggering detachment of amyloid fibres from the membrane. In addition, it shows that D -amino acids inhibit biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa and S. aureus |
10.1126/science.280.5361.295 | 104,407,002 | Bacteria in nature often exist as sessile communities called biofilms. These communities develop structures that are morphologically and physiologically differentiated from free-living bacteria. A cell-to-cell signal is involved in the development of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. A specific signaling mutant, a lasI ... | 10.1038/nrmicro2695 | The authors report that quorum sensing signalling is involved in the development of P. aeruginosa biofilms and that biofilms formed by quorum sensing mutants are less stable than those formed by wild-type cells. |
10.1073/pnas.1833360100 | 100,755,574 | The rpf gene cluster of Xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris ( Xcc ) is required for the pathogenesis of this bacterium to plants. Several rpf genes are involved in the coordinate positive regulation of the production of virulence factors mediated by the small diffusible molecule DSF (for diffusible signal factor... | 10.1038/nrmicro2695 | DSF (later chemically determined to be cis -11-methyl-2-dodecenoic acid) is shown to be important for dispersing aggregates of the plant pathogen X. campestris . Additional DSF-like compounds that regulate dispersal in other bacteria have subsequently been identified. |
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