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perforation of the biliary system occurs
most frequently in the gallbladder , usually associated with ( and complicating
upto 10% cases of ) acute cholecystitis .
perforation of the extrahepatic biliary
tree is a rare entity , accounting for less than 10% of intraperitoneal biliary
rupture .
bile duct perforati... | spontaneous perforation of the extrahepatic biliary system is a rare presentation of ductal stones .
we report the case of a twenty - year - old woman presenting at term with biliary peritonitis caused by common bile duct ( cbd ) perforation due to an impacted stone in the distal common bile duct .
the patient had... | 1. INTRODUCTION
2. CASE PRESENTATION
3. DISCUSSION |
two male patients with type 2 diabetes ( t2d ) and coronary heart disease had plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide ( bnp ) and n - terminal probrain natriuretic peptide ( nt - probnp ) measured as part of routine evaluation .
their glomerular filtration rate was normal ( > 75 ml / min per 1.73 m ) , hba1c was ... | since their discovery in 1981 , the cardiac natriuretic peptides ( cnp ) atrial natriuretic peptide ( also referred to as atrial natriuretic factor ) and brain natriuretic peptide have been well characterised in terms of their renal and cardiovascular actions .
in addition , it has been shown that cnp plasma levels ... | Introduction
The cardiologist's perspective
The endocrinologist's perspective
Declaration of interest
Funding |
stress cardiomyopathy ( scm ) , a disease with many names like the broken heart syndrome ,
takotsubo cardiomyopathy , and apical ballooning syndrome , is characterized by regional myocardial dysfunction , typically occurring in the wake of a significant physical or emotional stressor .
the pathophysiology of the cond... | we report the case of a 79-year - old woman who presented to our hospital for elective removal of an infratentorial meningioma and suffered a periprocedural cardiac arrest . shortly after uncomplicated induction of anesthesia prior to the surgery ,
the patient became hypotensive and bradycardic , culminating ultimat... | Introduction
Case Report
Discussion
Funding Sources
Conflicts of Interest |
appropriate management of moderate postoperative pain is well achieved associating several analgesic drugs with adjuvant agents through synergistic interaction .
the potential advantage of this combined therapy is related to the minimization of the incidences of adverse effects of each drug and to the improvement of th... | background : tramadol hydrochloride ( hcl ) and ketorolac tromethamine are analgesic drugs , which are commonly used in combination in postoperative pain management . according to some studies , metoclopramide and magnesium sulfate ( mgso4 ) as adjuvant agents can improve analgesia and decrease the need for other pain... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Preparation of stock solutions
Admixture preparation and analysis
High-performance liquid chromatography
Data analysis
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS |
antiphospholipid syndrome ( aps ) may predispose the patient to deep vein thrombosis ( dvt ) , pulmonary thromboembolism ( pte ) , pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary infarction , and occasionally progress to pulmonary cavitations .
corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy directed at reducing antibody are not adv... | antiphospholipid syndrome ( aps ) is a systemic disease that causes venous and arterial thrombosis in virtually any organ .
sometimes it is complicated into pulmonary infarction and cavitation , pulmonary hypertension , and catastrophic course with high morbidity and mortality .
the present case is a 35-year - old... | Introduction
Case Description
Discussion
Conclusion
None |
the patients in the african - heritage ( n = 9 ) and caucasian - heritage ( n = 11 ) groups had similar distributions of sex , age , and duration of diabetes ( male 75 vs. 70% , p = 0.89 ; mean sd age 53.3 7.2 vs. 55.2 4.6 years , p = 0.50 ; and duration 10.3 10.7 vs. 6.8 6.4 years , p = 0.37 , respectively ) .
sy... | objective we compared the renal and systemic vascular ( renovascular ) response to a reduction of bioavailable nitric oxide ( no ) in type 2 diabetic patients without nephropathy and of african and caucasian heritage.research design and methods under euglycemic conditions , renal blood flow was determined by a const... | RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Statistical analysis
RESULTS
CONCLUSIONS |
following exposure of a population to radiation , concern about the risk of radiation - induced cancer can be a major source of anxiety,1,2 particularly for parents concerned about the future health of their children.3 despite the obvious importance of preventing accidental radiation exposure and reducing exposure leve... | the risk of radiation - induced cancer adds to anxiety in low - dose exposed populations .
safe and effective lifestyle changes which can help mitigate excess cancer risk might provide exposed individuals the opportunity to pro - actively reduce their cancer risk , and improve mental health and well - being . here
... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION |
exacerbations of copd are associated with accelerated loss of lung function , poor quality of life , and mortality.1,2 these events can be predicted by numerous clinical factors , including prior exacerbations , airflow obstruction , symptom burden , gastroesophageal reflux , and leukocytosis.3 it is important to detec... | purposepulmonary hypertension and exercise - induced oxygen desaturation ( eid ) influence acute exacerbation of copd .
computed tomography ( ct)-detected pulmonary artery ( pa ) enlargement is independently associated with acute copd exacerbations .
associations between pa to aorta ( pa : a ) ratio and eid in pat... | Introduction
Patients and methods
Study design and patient selection
Clinical characterization
Assessments
Six-minute walking test
Measuring the PA:A ratio
Statistical analysis
Results
Discussion
Limitations
Conclusion |
patients with a preexisting episcleral encircling element who underwent implantation of a silicone agv to treat intractable glaucoma during january 2009 to september 2010 at a large , tertiary care ophthalmic hospital were identified by means of operative records .
postsurgical follow - up of less than 6 weeks and inab... | background : to describe the use of ahmed glaucoma valve ( agv ) in the management of intractable glaucoma in eyes with a preexisting episcleral encircling element.materials and methods : this is a retrospective , consecutive , noncomparative study .
the study included 12 eyes of 12 patients with a preexisting episc... | Materials and Methods
Study design
Surgical procedure
Preparation of donor scleral graft
Data collection and analysis
Results
Discussion |
hydroxyl radical attack on dna most frequently leads to base damages that result in generating a range of derivatives [ 13 ] .
aerobic organisms , within the course of evolution , developed a range of adaptive mechanisms inducing synthesis of anti - oxidative enzymes and/or enzymes repairing oxidative damages of dna [ ... | summarybackgroundthe broad spectrum of oxidative damage dna biomarkers : urinary excretion of 8-oxodg ( 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine ) , 8-oxogua ( 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine ) as well as the level of oxidative damage dna in leukocytes , was analyzed in cancer patients and healthy subjects.material/methods222 canc... | Background
Oxidatively modified bases
Diet as a potential source of 8-oxoGua and 8-oxodG in urine
Cell death as a potential source of 8-oxoGua and 8-oxodG in urine
Purpose
Material and Methods
Patients
Isolation of leukocytes from venous blood
DNA isolation and 8-oxodG determination in DNA isolates
Urine analysis
Stati... |
it is predicted that by 2025 , the prevalence of hypertension ( htn ) will increase by 60% to a total of 1.56 billion worldwide suggesting that htn remains a major public health problem .
htn in sub - saharan africa ( ssa ) has also been on the rise with reports indicating higher values in urban settings compared to ... |
background . despite the increasing trends suggesting that hypertension is a growing public health problem in developing countries , studies on its prevalence , associated risk factors , and extent of blood pressure control have been inequitably done in urban and rural communities in these countries .
we therefore... | 1. Background
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions |
granuloma annulare ( ga ) was first described in 1895 by colcott - fox who reported an 11-year - old girl with a ring eruption of the fingers .
the condition is a benign , usually self - limited granulomatous disease of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue .
clinically , the condition is characterized by asymptomatic ,... | granuloma annulare is a benign , self - limiting , inflammatory and granulomatous disease of unknown etiology occurring in both adults and children .
an 18-month - old male child had multiple progressive annular plaques over the lower extremities .
clinical and histopathological features were consistent with granu... | Introduction
Case Report
Discussion |
we analyzed all 140 mrsa isolates we obtained during a previous study ( 2 ) and 50 other isolates selected from our collection of nosocomial mrsa isolates obtained in 2003 .
characteristics of these 190 isolates are shown in table 1 . * ni , nosocomial infection acquired at national taiwan university hospital ( ntuh ) ... | to determine the predominant staphylococcal cassette chromosome ( scc ) mec element in methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus , we typed 190 isolates from a hospital in taiwan .
we found a shift from type iv to type iii sccmec element during 19922003 , perhaps caused by selective pressure from indiscriminate ... | The Study
Conclusions |
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